General theory

author: Y. -W. FANG

The starting Hamiltonian:

H = H$_J$+ H$_\alpha$ + H$_D$ + H$_{J'}$ ............(1)

where

H$_J$ = $\frac{1}{2}$$\sum_{<ij>}^{}S_i S_j$ (here, $\alpha$ > 0) ............(2)

and

H$_\alpha$ = $\frac{1}{2}$$\sum_{<ij>}^{} (S_i S_j)^2$ ............(3)

The D and J' terms arise from spin-orbital interactions:

D term is the single-site anisotropy energy, specifically

H$_D$ = D$\sum_{<i>}^{}(S_i^z)^2$ ............(4)

J' term is

H$_{J'}$ = $\frac{1}{2}$$\sum_{<ij>}^{} J_{ij}^{uv} S_i^{u} S_j^{v}$ ............(5)

where J$_{ij}^{uv}$ are bond-dependent exchange. $<ij>$ runs over the nearest-neighbour bonds of the FCC lattice. For FCC lattice, the last term can be recast as:

H$_{J'}$ = $\sum_{unit}{}$ $ {H} $

In each unit cell (four spin sites), we have:

H = $\sum_{t}^{}\sum_{ij \in t}^{}S_i J^t S_j $

where t referes to a tetrahedron and $J^t$ is a set of six 3 $\times$ 3 matrices. In a FCC lattice, each unit cell has eight tetrahedra. They are called as 0, X, Y, Z, XY, YZ, XY, and XYZ.

For tetrahedron 0, the six 3 $\times$ 3 $J^0$ matrices are:


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