A naive tracking algorithm

This notebook currently outlines a highly suspect approach to tracking multiple objects using range-Doppler measurements, it currently contains no code.

Outline

Ground rules for a reduced system

  1. The number of sensors, $S$, is greater than $4$ and have distinct locations. This ensures trilateration (and by extension multilateration) is viable.
  2. All sensors detect all objects, no object is out of range for a given sensor.
  3. After intialisation, only a single new target can be introduced in a given time step.
  4. There is no missing data, all sensors capaure everything for all time steps.
  5. Tracked objects will be referred to as targets, for no particular reason.

Remark : I prattle on about "Big-$O$" notation in this notebook because I think it looks fancy. I take $f = O(g)$ to be roughly analagous to $f \leq g$, an upper bound on $f$. In similar respects, $f = \Omega(g)$ is a lower bound on $f$, $f \geq g $. Lastly, $f = \Theta(g)$ means $f = O(g)$ and $f = \Omega(g)$, this is hard to guarantee which is why I guess it is usually used for worst case notation.

1. Range-Doppler peak finding

If all values within a $MxN$ range-Doppler map, $R_{D}$, greater than some threshold, $\epsilon$ , are to be considered possible targets, then the algorithm to determine their map coordinates will be $\Omega(MN)$.

Remark : There are linear time peak finding algorithms but they can only identify a single local peak in a 2D grid. There are also operators in image processing which can identify local maxima, but I can't speak for them.

A guess

$R_{D}$ amounts to real, positive valued matrix. The maximum value can be found in all $N$ columns, using $M$ compares per column. Similarly the maximum can be found in $M$ rows using $N$ compares per row. $$ \therefore T(M, N) = 2 M N = \Theta(MN)$$

Remark : This is an example of spurious rigour.

This will identify $K_{i}$ many targets within a map for a sensor $s_{i}$. Since the sensors have distinct locations and view different portions of the field, in general $K_{i} \neq K_{j}$. Luckily if less than $4$ sensors do not detect this object it cannot be located anyway, so as before we will assume all sensors see all $K$ objects.

2. Multilateration

Initial

Further

Multilateration in general requires solving $2 \mathbf{A}^{T} \mathbf{A} \cdot \mathbf{p} = \mathbf{A}^{T}\mathbf{b}$. This is definately less than $O(n^{3})$, which is the cost of directly computing $(\mathbf{A}^{T}\mathbf{A})_{nxn}^{-1}$. For $K_{T}$ objects with an assosciated track, this section will require $O(K_{T}n^{3})$ additions.

3.


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