Flavours can be (roughly) pinned down on a handful of aromatic compounds. Complementary pairings tend to exploit similarities in ingredients, either through their lineage (carrots and dill are good) or through the overlap of the compounds they produce (cinnamon and cloves both contain eugenol).
Can Wikipedia tell us what spices and herbs we should:
In [3]:
library(jsonlite)
install.packages('curl')
The downloaded binary packages are in
/var/folders/y_/wsxrd3b16k99k229_7f38sph0000gn/T//Rtmp78JbLR/downloaded_packages
In [22]:
category.contents <- function(categories){
lapply(categories, function(cat.q){fromJSON(paste0("https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=categorymembers&cmtitle=",cat.q, "&cmtype=page&cmlimit=1000&format=json"))$query$categorymembers})
}
(flavours <- category.contents("Category:Flavors"))
Out[22]:
pageid ns title 1 10591 0 Flavor 2 1039075 0 Aroma compound 3 31479031 0 SuperSweet 4 28410566 0 Key odorant 5 17671972 0 Odour activity value 6 89195 0 Acetaldehyde 7 19916594 0 Acetic acid 8 1779484 0 Acetoin 9 15008481 0 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline 10 15012549 0 6-Acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine 11 46335459 0 Acetylpropionyl 12 24255023 0 Ambroxide 13 1829128 0 Amyl acetate 14 1584829 0 Anethole 15 3407537 0 4-Anisaldehyde 16 1481286 0 Anisole 17 37089288 0 Artificial butter flavoring 18 4267751 0 Balsam of Peru 19 17659919 0 Beefy meaty peptide 20 19217866 0 Benzaldehyde 21 3218316 0 Benzyl acetate 22 874812 0 Benzyl alcohol 23 41998023 0 Benzyl cinnamate 24 18613375 0 Benzylacetone 25 2989225 0 Butyl acetate 26 5410876 0 Butyl butyrate 27 2714971 0 Butyraldehyde 28 232345 0 Butyric acid 29 3331193 0 Cadinene 30 3245417 0 Camphene 31 3229334 0 Carene 32 1750934 0 Carvone 33 3225759 0 Caryophyllene 34 536314 0 Cinnamaldehyde 35 926601 0 Cinnamic acid 36 6095923 0 Cinnamyl alcohol 37 1771297 0 Citral 38 948699 0 Citronella oil 39 1771169 0 Citronellal 40 3232701 0 Citronellol 41 43733152 0 Civet (perfumery) 42 3212264 0 Cuminaldehyde 43 43674980 0 Cyclopentadecanolide 44 3219505 0 P-Cymene 45 362930 0 Diacetyl 46 570580 0 Diethyl malonate 47 1951102 0 Enoxolone 48 37791947 0 1,1-Ethanedithiol 49 612451 0 Ethanethiol 50 1303134 0 Ethyl acetate 51 2726743 0 Ethyl acetoacetate 52 4186426 0 Ethyl benzoate 53 825964 0 Ethyl butyrate 54 2350510 0 Ethyl cinnamate 55 37135283 0 Ethyl decadienoate 56 3292511 0 Ethyl heptanoate 57 3258248 0 Ethyl maltol 58 5447890 0 Ethyl methylphenylglycidate 59 5410738 0 Ethyl pentanoate 60 3293714 0 Ethyl salicylate 61 19035891 0 Ethylvanillin 62 4956676 0 Eucalyptus oil 63 1362656 0 Eugenol 64 3238801 0 Farnesol 65 37591476 0 Filbertone 66 21852896 0 Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association 67 1728574 0 Flavor scalping 68 8073864 0 Flavored syrup 69 4169791 0 Flavorist 70 19244424 0 Foodpairing 71 16147952 0 Fructone 72 15642481 0 Furaneol 73 490020 0 Furfural 74 666105 0 Fusel alcohol 75 2009412 0 Geosmin 76 1216719 0 Geraniol 77 5734457 0 Geranyl acetate 78 4320269 0 Grapefruit mercaptan 79 3212389 0 Guaiacol 80 5116197 0 Heptyl acetate 81 1585875 0 Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol 82 542968 0 1-Hexanol 83 25845574 0 3-Hexanol 84 1641386 0 Cis-3-Hexenal 85 12850234 0 Hexyl cinnamaldehyde 86 1771473 0 Ionone 87 41831658 0 Iso E Super 88 4164654 0 Isoamyl acetate 89 2997801 0 Isobutyl acetate 90 8018074 0 Isobutyraldehyde 91 14142126 0 Isomaltol 92 3755309 0 Isopropyl acetate 93 40715102 0 Isovaleraldehyde 94 3129081 0 Isovanillin 95 1779163 0 Limonene 96 1380144 0 Linalool 97 3341244 0 Maltol 98 3214194 0 Menthone 99 17940309 0 Menthoxypropanediol 100 41145502 0 Methional 101 3003267 0 Methyl benzoate 102 1515436 0 Methyl butyrate 103 12419418 0 Methyl cinnamate 104 20668735 0 Methyl dihydrojasmonate 105 15372875 0 Methyl phenylacetate 106 856544 0 Methyl salicylate 107 25845729 0 3-Methyl-1-pentanol 108 3451933 0 3-Methylbutanoic acid 109 21764781 0 2-Methylisoborneol 110 3273682 0 Muscone 111 3219125 0 Myrcene 112 25571499 0 Myrcenol 113 3232750 0 Nerol 114 3254299 0 Nerolidol 115 13381037 0 2-Nonenal 116 8967953 0 Nootkatone 117 1483634 0 Nutmeg oil 118 8082338 0 Oct-1-en-3-one 119 40941170 0 Off-flavour 120 2070049 0 Oleoresin 121 2978960 0 Orange oil 122 13440061 0 Paprika oleoresin 123 1106871 0 Pentyl butyrate 124 1434713 0 Pentyl pentanoate 125 16756345 0 Peroxide value 126 7395266 0 Phenethyl alcohol 127 2526268 0 Phenylacetic acid 128 188378 0 Phosphoric acid 129 3769810 0 Alpha-Pinene 130 5471631 0 Beta-Pinene 131 35027733 0 Pomarose 132 3451537 0 Prenol 133 2998111 0 Propyl acetate 134 2925602 0 Pulegone 135 12102450 0 Raspberry ketone 136 2161644 0 Rose oil 137 5638081 0 Sage oil 138 3764833 0 Salicylaldehyde 139 1636194 0 Sotolon 140 6899145 0 Terpineol 141 890069 0 Thymol 142 11253688 0 Truffle oil 143 13665900 0 Vanillic acid 144 228190 0 Vanillin 145 18986058 0 Ortho-Vanillin 146 1014518 0 Volatile organic compound 147 41623220 0 Wakatu Hops
In [12]:
flavours$query$categorymembers
Out[12]:
pageid ns title 1 10591 0 Flavor 2 1039075 0 Aroma compound 3 31479031 0 SuperSweet 4 28410566 0 Key odorant 5 17671972 0 Odour activity value 6 89195 0 Acetaldehyde 7 19916594 0 Acetic acid 8 1779484 0 Acetoin 9 15008481 0 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline 10 15012549 0 6-Acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine 11 46335459 0 Acetylpropionyl 12 24255023 0 Ambroxide 13 1829128 0 Amyl acetate 14 1584829 0 Anethole 15 3407537 0 4-Anisaldehyde 16 1481286 0 Anisole 17 37089288 0 Artificial butter flavoring 18 4267751 0 Balsam of Peru 19 17659919 0 Beefy meaty peptide 20 19217866 0 Benzaldehyde 21 3218316 0 Benzyl acetate 22 874812 0 Benzyl alcohol 23 41998023 0 Benzyl cinnamate 24 18613375 0 Benzylacetone 25 2989225 0 Butyl acetate 26 5410876 0 Butyl butyrate 27 2714971 0 Butyraldehyde 28 232345 0 Butyric acid 29 3331193 0 Cadinene 30 3245417 0 Camphene 31 3229334 0 Carene 32 1750934 0 Carvone 33 3225759 0 Caryophyllene 34 536314 0 Cinnamaldehyde 35 926601 0 Cinnamic acid 36 6095923 0 Cinnamyl alcohol 37 1771297 0 Citral 38 948699 0 Citronella oil 39 1771169 0 Citronellal 40 3232701 0 Citronellol 41 43733152 0 Civet (perfumery) 42 3212264 0 Cuminaldehyde 43 43674980 0 Cyclopentadecanolide 44 3219505 0 P-Cymene 45 362930 0 Diacetyl 46 570580 0 Diethyl malonate 47 1951102 0 Enoxolone 48 37791947 0 1,1-Ethanedithiol 49 612451 0 Ethanethiol 50 1303134 0 Ethyl acetate 51 2726743 0 Ethyl acetoacetate 52 4186426 0 Ethyl benzoate 53 825964 0 Ethyl butyrate 54 2350510 0 Ethyl cinnamate 55 37135283 0 Ethyl decadienoate 56 3292511 0 Ethyl heptanoate 57 3258248 0 Ethyl maltol 58 5447890 0 Ethyl methylphenylglycidate 59 5410738 0 Ethyl pentanoate 60 3293714 0 Ethyl salicylate 61 19035891 0 Ethylvanillin 62 4956676 0 Eucalyptus oil 63 1362656 0 Eugenol 64 3238801 0 Farnesol 65 37591476 0 Filbertone 66 21852896 0 Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association 67 1728574 0 Flavor scalping 68 8073864 0 Flavored syrup 69 4169791 0 Flavorist 70 19244424 0 Foodpairing 71 16147952 0 Fructone 72 15642481 0 Furaneol 73 490020 0 Furfural 74 666105 0 Fusel alcohol 75 2009412 0 Geosmin 76 1216719 0 Geraniol 77 5734457 0 Geranyl acetate 78 4320269 0 Grapefruit mercaptan 79 3212389 0 Guaiacol 80 5116197 0 Heptyl acetate 81 1585875 0 Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol 82 542968 0 1-Hexanol 83 25845574 0 3-Hexanol 84 1641386 0 Cis-3-Hexenal 85 12850234 0 Hexyl cinnamaldehyde 86 1771473 0 Ionone 87 41831658 0 Iso E Super 88 4164654 0 Isoamyl acetate 89 2997801 0 Isobutyl acetate 90 8018074 0 Isobutyraldehyde 91 14142126 0 Isomaltol 92 3755309 0 Isopropyl acetate 93 40715102 0 Isovaleraldehyde 94 3129081 0 Isovanillin 95 1779163 0 Limonene 96 1380144 0 Linalool 97 3341244 0 Maltol 98 3214194 0 Menthone 99 17940309 0 Menthoxypropanediol 100 41145502 0 Methional 101 3003267 0 Methyl benzoate 102 1515436 0 Methyl butyrate 103 12419418 0 Methyl cinnamate 104 20668735 0 Methyl dihydrojasmonate 105 15372875 0 Methyl phenylacetate 106 856544 0 Methyl salicylate 107 25845729 0 3-Methyl-1-pentanol 108 3451933 0 3-Methylbutanoic acid 109 21764781 0 2-Methylisoborneol 110 3273682 0 Muscone 111 3219125 0 Myrcene 112 25571499 0 Myrcenol 113 3232750 0 Nerol 114 3254299 0 Nerolidol 115 13381037 0 2-Nonenal 116 8967953 0 Nootkatone 117 1483634 0 Nutmeg oil 118 8082338 0 Oct-1-en-3-one 119 40941170 0 Off-flavour 120 2070049 0 Oleoresin 121 2978960 0 Orange oil 122 13440061 0 Paprika oleoresin 123 1106871 0 Pentyl butyrate 124 1434713 0 Pentyl pentanoate 125 16756345 0 Peroxide value 126 7395266 0 Phenethyl alcohol 127 2526268 0 Phenylacetic acid 128 188378 0 Phosphoric acid 129 3769810 0 Alpha-Pinene 130 5471631 0 Beta-Pinene 131 35027733 0 Pomarose 132 3451537 0 Prenol 133 2998111 0 Propyl acetate 134 2925602 0 Pulegone 135 12102450 0 Raspberry ketone 136 2161644 0 Rose oil 137 5638081 0 Sage oil 138 3764833 0 Salicylaldehyde 139 1636194 0 Sotolon 140 6899145 0 Terpineol 141 890069 0 Thymol 142 11253688 0 Truffle oil 143 13665900 0 Vanillic acid 144 228190 0 Vanillin 145 18986058 0 Ortho-Vanillin 146 1014518 0 Volatile organic compound 147 41623220 0 Wakatu Hops
In [23]:
(spices.herbs <- category.contents(c("Category:Herbs","Category:Spices")))
Out[23]:
pageid ns title 1 24542769 0 Herb 2 7609458 0 Herbal distillate 3 6101930 0 List of basil cultivars 4 74170 0 Achillea millefolium 5 8495671 0 Achyrocline satureioides 6 16055042 0 Aerva javanica 7 6204535 0 African blue basil 8 8193030 0 Agrimonia eupatoria 9 36940 0 Alkanna tinctoria 10 35028204 0 Allium siculum 11 42353342 0 Allium subhirsutum 12 530164 0 Allium tuberosum 13 477011 0 Allium ursinum 14 746156 0 Aloysia citrodora 15 30872373 0 American ginseng 16 8691209 0 Androstephium coeruleum 17 2649495 0 Anthriscus sylvestris 18 30291827 0 Artemisia argyi 19 21249696 0 Artemisia pallens 20 502688 0 Artemisia vulgaris 21 460879 0 Asarum 22 2729737 0 Asarum europaeum 23 6934684 0 Asarum splendens 24 10335321 0 Astragalus propinquus 25 6516852 0 List of Australian herbs and spices 26 1120705 0 Barbarea verna 27 346865 0 Basil 28 3419 0 Bay leaf 29 2676794 0 Boldo 30 616698 0 Borage 31 24287836 0 Calamintha nepeta 32 38310 0 Cannabis 33 18063583 0 Chamaemelum nobile 34 5394 0 Chervil 35 5395 0 Chives 36 1800761 0 Cicely 37 8735112 0 Cinnamon basil 38 24705980 0 Cirsium dissectum 39 70950 0 Clove 40 78322 0 Comfrey 41 1027039 0 Coptis 42 341640 0 Coriander 43 22884978 0 Cruciata laevipes 44 21589763 0 Curcuma caesia 45 851852 0 Curry tree 46 13488008 0 Cymbopogon citratus 47 18645353 0 Cyperus scariosus 48 8763563 0 Dark opal basil 49 906248 0 Demulcent 50 7985 0 Dill 51 1554409 0 Dysphania ambrosioides 52 9864643 0 Echinophora sibthorpiana 53 1214507 0 Eleutherococcus senticosus 54 1562717 0 Emmenagogue 55 30863632 0 Eryngium foetidum 56 11571468 0 Ezov 57 598452 0 Filé powder 58 255064 0 Filipendula ulmaria 59 8763162 0 Fino verde basil 60 46196195 0 Floscopa scandens 61 40747788 0 Galium anisophyllon 62 1226482 0 Galium odoratum 63 472195 0 Garden cress 64 8730866 0 Genovese basil 65 450023 0 Ginseng 66 1147329 0 Goji 67 7604542 0 Gratiola officinalis 68 3514773 0 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 69 2778836 0 Helichrysum petiolare 70 963313 0 Hemp 71 1569566 0 Herb farm 72 11264680 0 Herb Strewer 73 169315 0 Herbes de Provence 74 4734984 0 Hierochloe odorata 75 44310985 0 Hoi Tin Tong 76 47431881 0 Hypochaeris chillensis 77 1465609 0 Hypochaeris radicata 78 78328 0 Hyssopus (plant) 79 20077968 0 Hyssopus officinalis 80 1561630 0 International Herb Association 81 1656159 0 Jalap 82 22577623 0 Jimbu 83 1089939 0 John the Conqueror 84 196782 0 Kaffir lime 85 429044 0 Laurus nobilis 86 33398065 0 Laurus novocanariensis 87 17643 0 Lavandula 88 3458184 0 Lavandula angustifolia 89 30508619 0 Lavandula latifolia 90 3308123 0 Lemon basil 91 1906770 0 Leontopodium 92 418582 0 Leontopodium alpinum 93 18541423 0 Leontopodium discolor 94 8734935 0 Lettuce leaf basil 95 4057839 0 Limnophila aromatica 96 5668374 0 Lippia 97 25911270 0 Lippia graveolens 98 21782289 0 Lomatium parryi 99 1913096 0 Lycium barbarum 100 2434845 0 Lycium chinense 101 8763267 0 Magical Michael 102 8763344 0 Mammoth basil 103 18956 0 Marjoram 104 13490 0 Marrubium vulgare 105 17644 0 Melissa officinalis 106 18955 0 Mentha 107 12032577 0 Mentha australis 108 102502 0 Mentha pulegium 109 2559238 0 Mentha requienii 110 1438550 0 Mentha suaveolens 111 104953 0 Micromeria douglasii 112 5603289 0 Microseris lanceolata 113 3164341 0 Monarda citriodora 114 8737276 0 Mrs. Burns lemon basil 115 4967925 0 Mugwort 116 866748 0 Nashia inaguensis 117 42493082 0 Nasturtium floridanum 118 42493400 0 Nasturtium microphyllum 119 5711 0 Nepeta 120 2043244 0 Nigella sativa 121 8751278 0 Nufar basil 122 1548487 0 Ocimum 123 20203379 0 Ocimum americanum 124 25722613 0 Ocimum gratissimum 125 2122837 0 Ocimum tenuiflorum 126 51258 0 Onion 127 22266 0 Oregano 128 8764596 0 Osmin purple basil 129 4124995 0 Osmorhiza 130 12904256 0 Oxalis stricta 131 1071613 0 Papaver somniferum 132 23206 0 Parsley 133 9435118 0 Pediomelum hypogaeum 134 23209 0 Peppermint 135 312880 0 Perilla 136 765422 0 Persicaria odorata 137 3255767 0 Phytolacca americana 138 778848 0 Plectranthus amboinicus 139 4590294 0 Polemonium caeruleum 140 1137419 0 Porophyllum ruderale 141 10547202 0 Pseudostellaria heterophylla 142 8763683 0 Purple ruffles basil 143 8763468 0 Red rubin basil 144 30405253 0 Reyhan 145 3173599 0 Rhododendron groenlandicum 146 2684000 0 Rhododendron subsect. Ledum 147 5407502 0 Rosa × damascena 148 25484 0 Rosemary 149 30373262 0 Rumex scutatus 150 1025491 0 Ruta 151 1800916 0 Ruta graveolens 152 23602761 0 Sacred herbs 153 21346360 0 Salvia 154 34539300 0 Salvia aegyptiaca 155 17128210 0 Salvia caymanensis 156 433892 0 Salvia officinalis 157 34532753 0 Salvia parryi 158 433897 0 Salvia sclarea 159 13734569 0 Salvia verbenaca 160 31057939 0 Samudra Methi 161 10097832 0 Sassafras albidum 162 46317469 0 Sassafras tzumu 163 26902 0 Satureja 164 22767934 0 Scrophularia umbrosa 165 5237089 0 Scutellaria costaricana 166 10875867 0 Scutellaria galericulata 167 9044656 0 Scutellaria lateriflora 168 18676876 0 Scutellaria nana 169 3425647 0 Senna obtusifolia 170 3172298 0 Siraitia grosvenorii 171 4327440 0 Smudge stick 172 21573715 0 Snow Mountain Garlic 173 1581508 0 Sonchus 174 27183 0 Sorrel 175 26899 0 Spearmint 176 8734844 0 Spicy globe basil 177 28152 0 Stevia 178 42500840 0 Stevia (genus) 179 1323439 0 Stevia rebaudiana 180 18939727 0 Strewing herb 181 1975806 0 Summer savory 182 32139204 0 Sweet Dani basil 183 11779942 0 Tagetes lucida 184 22656637 0 Tagetes minuta 185 1536032 0 Tanacetum parthenium 186 19230414 0 Taraxacum 187 10783290 0 Taraxacum officinale 188 29967 0 Tarragon 189 4112442 0 Teucrium polium 190 7045085 0 Teucrium scorodonia 191 3308069 0 Thai basil 192 29968 0 Thyme 193 28970358 0 Thymus caespititius 194 28970644 0 Thymus capitatus 195 28970728 0 Thymus carnosus 196 11512795 0 Thymus citriodorus 197 4582013 0 Thymus herba-barona 198 43131881 0 Thymus integer 199 32422924 0 Thymus mastichina 200 16038786 0 Thymus moroderi 201 2166250 0 Thymus praecox 202 18434639 0 Thymus pseudolanuginosus 203 1524219 0 Thymus serpyllum 204 4722135 0 Thymus vulgaris 205 9627199 0 Turnsole 206 3200501 0 Verbena officinalis 207 1452281 0 Vigna umbellata 208 469646 0 Watercress 209 1817908 0 Winter savory 210 1462064 0 Wintergreen 211 37572010 0 Yerba buena 212 13500294 0 Zanthoxylum ailanthoides
pageid ns title 1 26897 0 Spice 2 371540 0 Acorus calamus 3 1242340 0 Adobo 4 25998011 0 Aframomum corrorima 5 294127 0 Aframomum melegueta 6 346860 0 Ajwain 7 8250188 0 Aleppo pepper 8 38291751 0 Alleppey Green Cardamom 9 12395897 0 Alligator pepper 10 194873 0 Allspice 11 5863248 0 Alpinia galanga 12 38529280 0 Alpinia nigra 13 9167550 0 Alpinia officinarum 14 36450694 0 Andaliman 15 1919281 0 Angostura bitters 16 68674 0 Anise 17 304091 0 Annatto 18 193366 0 Asafoetida 19 6516852 0 List of Australian herbs and spices 20 4267751 0 Balsam of Peru 21 44957228 0 Beau monde seasoning 22 4231503 0 Berberis vulgaris 23 47850086 0 Bird's eye chili 24 60953 0 Black cardamom 25 150116 0 Black pepper 26 165352 0 Boesenbergia rotunda 27 1729972 0 Brassica nigra 28 2363994 0 Bunium bulbocastanum 29 2050856 0 Bunium persicum 30 12461932 0 Byadagi chilli 31 275978 0 Camphor 32 8751138 0 Candy cap 33 24640562 0 Canella 34 309317 0 Caper 35 173546 0 Caraway 36 60951 0 Cardamom 37 11545292 0 Carissa carandas 38 442617 0 Catechu 39 47862531 0 Cayenne pepper 40 6535 0 Celery 41 44956560 0 Celery powder 42 163617 0 Chicory 43 1067344 0 Chili powder 44 460587 0 Cinnamomum cassia 45 8616210 0 Cinnamomum burmannii 46 2077266 0 Cinnamomum camphora 47 17716798 0 Cinnamomum citriodorum 48 43419049 0 Cinnamomum dubium 49 35693369 0 Cinnamomum mercadoi 50 17716492 0 Cinnamomum osmophloeum 51 43419099 0 Cinnamomum ovalifolium 52 17715959 0 Cinnamomum pedunculatum 53 53469 0 Cinnamon 54 70950 0 Clove 55 38291771 0 Coorg Green Cardamom 56 341640 0 Coriander 57 5817897 0 Crab boil 58 2871685 0 Cubeb 59 47863730 0 Cumin 60 47328665 0 Cymbopetalum costaricense 61 47370133 0 Cymbopetalum penduliflorum 62 39200067 0 Dalea lasiathera 63 7985 0 Dill 64 2347991 0 Dipteryx odorata 65 25029304 0 Ditaxis heterantha 66 3316320 0 Dried lime 67 9310367 0 Drimys winteri 68 521947 0 Elettaria 69 7351937 0 Elettaria cardamomum 70 21776209 0 Euphorbia serpyllifolia 71 173548 0 Fennel 72 289834 0 Fenugreek 73 65452 0 Galangal 74 194874 0 Garam masala 75 1652560 0 Garcinia gummi-gutta 76 30862510 0 Garcinia indica 77 50469 0 Garlic 78 4143236 0 Garlic powder 79 1460555 0 Gaultheria procumbens 80 54929 0 Ginger 81 30856597 0 Grains of Selim 82 18550056 0 Heracleum persicum 83 45714 0 Horseradish 84 192575 0 Illicium verum 85 1027441 0 Jamaican jerk spice 86 6135482 0 Juniper berry 87 196782 0 Kaffir lime 88 235441 0 Kala Namak 89 23321926 0 Leptotes bicolor 90 249116 0 Liquorice 91 40977220 0 List of mustard brands 92 17720620 0 List of Pakistani spices 93 3072461 0 Long pepper 94 2231612 0 Macropiper excelsum 95 3059257 0 Mahlab 96 481232 0 Malagueta pepper 97 26294679 0 Mastic (plant resin) 98 12724408 0 Monodora myristica 99 30860614 0 Mustard (condiment) 100 187774 0 Mustard seed 101 96861 0 Myrrh 102 37756813 0 Nardostachys jatamansi 103 2043244 0 Nigella sativa 104 12342036 0 Njangsa 105 38546 0 Nutmeg 106 3112548 0 Onion powder 107 9297530 0 Orange bitters 108 5876840 0 Pandanus amaryllifolius 109 47862514 0 Paprika 110 28661667 0 Parmotrema perlatum 111 30081430 0 Pectis papposa 112 35728307 0 Penzeys Spices 113 2723209 0 Persicaria hydropiper 114 1954027 0 Phyllanthus emblica 115 6942489 0 Pink peppercorn 116 31202823 0 Piper borbonense 117 12869270 0 Piper guineense 118 2704726 0 Piri piri 119 60840 0 Pistacia lentiscus 120 8768043 0 Poppy seed 121 1137419 0 Porophyllum ruderale 122 35571876 0 Pseudowintera axillaris 123 28289028 0 Rhus coriaria 124 5407502 0 Rosa × damascena 125 53332 0 Saffron 126 13490464 0 Trade and use of saffron 127 3345254 0 Saigon Cinnamon 128 8736551 0 Schinus molle 129 2134340 0 Schinus terebinthifolius 130 82420 0 Sesame 131 7930439 0 Siling labuyo 132 24838364 0 Siling mahaba 133 301024 0 Silphium 134 499809 0 Smilax ornata 135 1651116 0 Solanum centrale 136 3049489 0 Solo garlic 137 43874587 0 The Spice of Life (BBC TV series) 138 506548 0 Spice trade 139 31143928 0 The Spice Trail 140 39283150 0 Spiced wine 141 30871887 0 Spikenard 142 69232 0 Sumac 143 6168007 0 Syzygium anisatum 144 2067372 0 Tagetes patula 145 227931 0 Tamarind 146 4036289 0 Tasmannia lanceolata 147 6717485 0 Tasmannia stipitata 148 1969613 0 Trachyspermum roxburghianum 149 40102507 0 Trigonella caerulea 150 29973 0 Turmeric 151 14372851 0 Urfa biber 152 12348988 0 Uzazi 153 32623 0 Vanilla 154 33637 0 Wasabi 155 2729793 0 White mustard 156 35245121 0 Zanthoxylum piperitum 157 521948 0 Zingiber
In [ ]:
Content source: mathew-hall/flavours
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