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%matplotlib inline
# All the imports
from __future__ import print_function, division
import pom3_ga, sys
import pickle
# TODO 1: Enter your unity ID here
__author__ = "dndesai"
To compute most measures, data(i.e objectives) is normalized. Normalization is scaling the data between 0 and 1. Why do we normalize?
TODO2 : To put on the same level playing field. That makes it easy to compare two data points even from different sets.
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def normalize(problem, points):
"""
Normalize all the objectives
in each point and return them
"""
meta = problem.objectives
all_objs = []
for point in points:
objs = []
for i, o in enumerate(problem.evaluate(point)):
low, high = meta[i].low, meta[i].high
# TODO 3: Normalize 'o' between 'low' and 'high'; Then add the normalized value to 'objs'
if high == low: objs.append(0); continue;
objs.append((o-low)/(high-low))
all_objs.append(objs)
return all_objs
For our experiments we store the data in the following format.
data = {
"expt1":[repeat1, repeat2, ...],
"expt2":[repeat1, repeat2, ...],
.
.
.
}
repeatx = [objs1, objs2, ....] // All of the final population
objs1 = [norm_obj1, norm_obj2, ...] // Normalized objectives of each member of the final population.
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"""
Performing experiments for [5, 10, 50] generations.
"""
problem = pom3_ga.POM3()
pop_size = 10
repeats = 10
test_gens = [5, 10, 50]
def save_data(file_name, data):
"""
Save 'data' to 'file_name.pkl'
"""
with open(file_name + ".pkl", 'wb') as f:
pickle.dump(data, f, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
def load_data(file_name):
"""
Retrieve data from 'file_name.pkl'
"""
with open(file_name + ".pkl", 'rb') as f:
return pickle.load(f)
def build(problem, pop_size, repeats, test_gens):
"""
Repeat the experiment for 'repeats' number of repeats for each value in 'test_gens'
"""
tests = {t: [] for t in test_gens}
tests[0] = [] # For Initial Population
for _ in range(repeats):
init_population = pom3_ga.populate(problem, pop_size)
pom3_ga.say(".")
for gens in test_gens:
tests[gens].append(normalize(problem, pom3_ga.ga(problem, init_population, retain_size=pop_size, gens=gens)[1]))
tests[0].append(normalize(problem, init_population))
print("\nCompleted")
return tests
"""
Repeat Experiments
"""
# tests = build(problem, pop_size, repeats, test_gens)
"""
Save Experiment Data into a file
"""
# save_data("dump", tests)
"""
Load the experimented data from dump.
"""
tests = load_data("dump")
print (tests.keys())
Almost all the traditional measures you consider need a reference set for its computation. A theoritical reference set would be the ideal pareto frontier. This is fine for a) Mathematical Models: Where we can solve the problem to obtain the set. b) Low Runtime Models: Where we can do a one time exaustive run to obtain the model.
But most real world problems are neither mathematical nor have a low runtime. So what do we do?. Compute an approximate reference set
One possible way of constructing it is:
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def make_reference(problem, *fronts):
"""
Make a reference set comparing all the fronts.
Here the comparison we use is bdom. It can
be altered to use cdom as well
"""
retain_size = len(fronts[0])
reference = []
for front in fronts:
reference+=front
def bdom(one, two):
"""
Return True if 'one' dominates 'two'
else return False
:param one - [pt1_obj1, pt1_obj2, pt1_obj3, pt1_obj4]
:param two - [pt2_obj1, pt2_obj2, pt2_obj3, pt2_obj4]
"""
dominates = False
for i, obj in enumerate(problem.objectives):
gt, lt = pom3_ga.gt, pom3_ga.lt
better = lt if obj.do_minimize else gt
# TODO 3: Use the varaibles declared above to check if one dominates two
if better(one[i], two[i]):
dominates = True
elif one[i] != two[i]:
return False
return dominates
def fitness(one, dom):
return len([1 for another in reference if dom(one, another)])
fitnesses = []
for point in reference:
fitnesses.append((fitness(point, bdom), point))
reference = [tup[1] for tup in sorted(fitnesses, reverse=True)]
return reference[:retain_size]
assert len(make_reference(problem, tests[5][0], tests[10][0], tests[50][0])) == len(tests[5][0])
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''' ### Spread
Calculating spread:
<img width=300 src="http://mechanicaldesign.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/data/Journals/JMDEDB/27927/022006jmd3.jpeg">
- Consider the population of final gen(P) and the Pareto Frontier(R).
- Find the distances between the first point of P and first point of R(_d<sub>f</sub>_) and last point of P and last point of R(_d<sub>l</sub>_)
- Find the distance between all points and their nearest neighbor _d<sub>i</sub>_ and
their nearest neighbor
- Then:
<img width=300 src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/txt/ase16/master/img/spreadcalc.png">
- If all data is maximally spread, then all distances _d<sub>i</sub>_ are near mean d
which would make _Δ=0_ ish.
Note that _less_ the spread of each point to its neighbor, the _better_
since this means the optimiser is offering options across more of the frontier. '''
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def eucledian(one, two):
"""
Compute Eucledian Distance between
2 vectors. We assume the input vectors
are normalized.
:param one: Vector 1
:param two: Vector 2
:return:
"""
# TODO 4: Code up the eucledian distance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_distance
return sum([(o-t)**2 for o,t in zip(one, two)])**0.5
def sort_solutions(solutions):
"""
Sort a list of list before computing spread
"""
def sorter(lst):
m = len(lst)
weights = reversed([10 ** i for i in xrange(m)])
return sum([element * weight for element, weight in zip(lst, weights)])
return sorted(solutions, key=sorter)
def closest(one, many):
min_dist = sys.maxint
closest_point = None
for this in many:
dist = eucledian(this, one)
if dist < min_dist:
min_dist = dist
closest_point = this
return min_dist, closest_point
def spread(obtained, ideals):
"""
Calculate the spread (a.k.a diversity)
for a set of solutions
"""
s_obtained = sort_solutions(obtained)
s_ideals = sort_solutions(ideals)
d_f = closest(s_ideals[0], s_obtained)[0]
d_l = closest(s_ideals[-1], s_obtained)[0]
n = len(s_ideals)
distances = []
for i in range(len(s_obtained)-1):
distances.append(eucledian(s_obtained[i], s_obtained[i+1]))
d_bar = sum(distances)/len(distances)
# TODO 5: Compute the value of spread using the definition defined in the previous cell.
d_sum = sum([abs(d_i - d_bar) for d_i in distances])
delta = (d_f + d_l + d_sum)/ (d_f + d_l + (n-1)*d_bar)
return delta
ref = make_reference(problem, tests[5][0], tests[10][0], tests[50][0])
print(spread(tests[5][0], ref))
print(spread(tests[10][0], ref))
print(spread(tests[50][0], ref))
IGD = inter-generational distance; i.e. how good are you compared to the best known?
- For each item in its final Pareto frontier
- Find the nearest item in the reference set and compute the distance to it.
- Take the mean of all the distances. This is IGD for the optimizerNote that the less the mean IGD, the better the optimizer since this means its solutions are closest to the best of the best.
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def igd(obtained, ideals):
"""
Compute the IGD for a
set of solutions
:param obtained: Obtained pareto front
:param ideals: Ideal pareto front
:return:
"""
# TODO 6: Compute the value of IGD using the definition defined in the previous cell.
igd_val = sum([closest (ideal,obtained)[0] for ideal in ideals])/ len(ideals)
return igd_val
ref = make_reference(problem, tests[5][0], tests[10][0], tests[50][0])
print(igd(tests[5][0], ref))
print(igd(tests[10][0], ref))
print(igd(tests[50][0], ref))
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import sk
sk = reload(sk)
def format_for_sk(problem, data, measure):
"""
Convert the experiment data into the format
required for sk.py and computet the desired
'measure' for all the data.
"""
gens = data.keys()
reps = len(data[gens[0]])
measured = {gen:["gens_%d"%gen] for gen in gens}
for i in range(reps):
ref_args = [data[gen][i] for gen in gens]
ref = make_reference(problem, *ref_args)
for gen in gens:
measured[gen].append(measure(data[gen][i], ref))
return measured
def report(problem, tests, measure):
measured = format_for_sk(problem, tests, measure).values()
sk.rdivDemo(measured)
print("*** IGD ***")
report(problem, tests, igd)
print("\n*** Spread ***")
report(problem, tests, spread)
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