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# EXPLAIN WHAT MNIST IS (GIVE EXAMPLE) (SHOW GRAPH STRUCTURE) (MORE VISUALS IN GENERAL)

MNIST

In this tutorial, we will show you how to train an actual CNN model, albeit small. We will be using the old good MNIST dataset and the LeNet model, with a slight change that the sigmoid activations are replaced with ReLUs.

We will use the model helper - that helps us to deal with parameter initializations naturally.

First, let's import the necessities.



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%matplotlib inline
from matplotlib import pyplot
import numpy as np
import os
import shutil
from IPython import display

from caffe2.python import core, model_helper, net_drawer, workspace, visualize, brew

# If you would like to see some really detailed initializations,
# you can change --caffe2_log_level=0 to --caffe2_log_level=-1
core.GlobalInit(['caffe2', '--caffe2_log_level=0'])



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# This section preps your image and test set in a leveldb
current_folder = os.getcwd()

data_folder = os.path.join(current_folder, 'tutorial_data', 'mnist')
root_folder = os.path.join(current_folder, 'tutorial_files', 'mnist')
image_file_train = os.path.join(data_folder, "train-images-idx3-ubyte")
label_file_train = os.path.join(data_folder, "train-labels-idx1-ubyte")
image_file_test = os.path.join(data_folder, "t10k-images-idx3-ubyte")
label_file_test = os.path.join(data_folder, "t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte")

# Get the dataset if it is missing
def DownloadDataset(url, path):
    import requests, zipfile, StringIO
    print "Downloading... ", url, " to ", path
    r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
    z = zipfile.ZipFile(StringIO.StringIO(r.content))
    z.extractall(path)

def GenerateDB(image, label, name):
    name = os.path.join(data_folder, name)
    print 'DB: ', name
    if not os.path.exists(name):
        syscall = "/usr/local/bin/make_mnist_db --channel_first --db leveldb --image_file " + image + " --label_file " + label + " --output_file " + name
        print "Creating database with: ", syscall
        os.system(syscall)
    else:
        print "Database exists already. Delete the folder if you have issues/corrupted DB, then rerun this."
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(name, "LOCK")):
            print "Deleting the pre-existing lock file"
            os.remove(os.path.join(name, "LOCK"))

if not os.path.exists(data_folder):
    os.makedirs(data_folder)
if not os.path.exists(label_file_train):
    DownloadDataset("https://download.caffe2.ai/datasets/mnist/mnist.zip", data_folder)
    
if os.path.exists(root_folder):
    print("Looks like you ran this before, so we need to cleanup those old files...")
    shutil.rmtree(root_folder)
    
os.makedirs(root_folder)
workspace.ResetWorkspace(root_folder)

# (Re)generate the levledb database (known to get corrupted...) 
GenerateDB(image_file_train, label_file_train, "mnist-train-nchw-leveldb")
GenerateDB(image_file_test, label_file_test, "mnist-test-nchw-leveldb")

    
print("training data folder:" + data_folder)
print("workspace root folder:" + root_folder)



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def AddInput(model, batch_size, db, db_type):
    # load the data
    data_uint8, label = model.TensorProtosDBInput(
        [], ["data_uint8", "label"], batch_size=batch_size,
        db=db, db_type=db_type)
    # cast the data to float
    data = model.Cast(data_uint8, "data", to=core.DataType.FLOAT)
    # scale data from [0,255] down to [0,1]
    data = model.Scale(data, data, scale=float(1./256))
    # don't need the gradient for the backward pass
    data = model.StopGradient(data, data)
    return data, label



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def AddLeNetModel(model, data):
    # Image size: 28 x 28 -> 24 x 24
    conv1 = brew.conv(model, data, 'conv1', dim_in=1, dim_out=20, kernel=5)
    # Image size: 24 x 24 -> 12 x 12
    pool1 = brew.max_pool(model, conv1, 'pool1', kernel=2, stride=2)
    # Image size: 12 x 12 -> 8 x 8
    conv2 = brew.conv(model, pool1, 'conv2', dim_in=20, dim_out=50, kernel=5)
    # Image size: 8 x 8 -> 4 x 4
    pool2 = brew.max_pool(model, conv2, 'pool2', kernel=2, stride=2)
    # 50 * 4 * 4 stands for dim_out from previous layer multiplied by the image size
    fc3 = brew.fc(model, pool2, 'fc3', dim_in=50 * 4 * 4, dim_out=500)
    fc3 = brew.relu(model, fc3, fc3)
    pred = brew.fc(model, fc3, 'pred', 500, 10)
    softmax = brew.softmax(model, pred, 'softmax')
    return softmax



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def AddAccuracy(model, softmax, label):
    accuracy = brew.accuracy(model, [softmax, label], "accuracy")
    return accuracy



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def AddTrainingOperators(model, softmax, label):
    # something very important happens here
    xent = model.LabelCrossEntropy([softmax, label], 'xent')
    # compute the expected loss
    loss = model.AveragedLoss(xent, "loss")
    # track the accuracy of the model
    AddAccuracy(model, softmax, label)
    # use the average loss we just computed to add gradient operators to the model
    model.AddGradientOperators([loss])
    # do a simple stochastic gradient descent
    ITER = brew.iter(model, "iter")
    # set the learning rate schedule
    LR = model.LearningRate(
        ITER, "LR", base_lr=-0.1, policy="step", stepsize=1, gamma=0.999 )
    # ONE is a constant value that is used in the gradient update. We only need
    # to create it once, so it is explicitly placed in param_init_net.
    ONE = model.param_init_net.ConstantFill([], "ONE", shape=[1], value=1.0)
    # Now, for each parameter, we do the gradient updates.
    for param in model.params:
        # Note how we get the gradient of each parameter - CNNModelHelper keeps
        # track of that.
        param_grad = model.param_to_grad[param]
        # The update is a simple weighted sum: param = param + param_grad * LR
        model.WeightedSum([param, ONE, param_grad, LR], param)
    # let's checkpoint every 20 iterations, which should probably be fine.
    # you may need to delete tutorial_files/tutorial-mnist to re-run the tutorial
    model.Checkpoint([ITER] + model.params, [],
                   db="mnist_lenet_checkpoint_%05d.leveldb",
                   db_type="leveldb", every=20)



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arg_scope = {"order": "NCHW"}
train_model = model_helper.ModelHelper(name="mnist_train", arg_scope=arg_scope)
data, label = AddInput(
    train_model, batch_size=64,
    db=os.path.join(data_folder, 'mnist-train-nchw-leveldb'),
    db_type='leveldb')
softmax = AddLeNetModel(train_model, data)
AddTrainingOperators(train_model, softmax, label)

# Testing model. We will set the batch size to 100, so that the testing
# pass is 100 iterations (10,000 images in total).
# For the testing model, we need the data input part, the main LeNetModel
# part, and an accuracy part. Note that init_params is set False because
# we will be using the parameters obtained from the train model.
test_model = model_helper.ModelHelper(
    name="mnist_test", arg_scope=arg_scope, init_params=False)
data, label = AddInput(
    test_model, batch_size=100,
    db=os.path.join(data_folder, 'mnist-test-nchw-leveldb'),
    db_type='leveldb')
softmax = AddLeNetModel(test_model, data)
AddAccuracy(test_model, softmax, label)

# Deployment model. We simply need the main LeNetModel part.
deploy_model = model_helper.ModelHelper(
    name="mnist_deploy", arg_scope=arg_scope, init_params=False)
AddLeNetModel(deploy_model, "data")



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graph = net_drawer.GetPydotGraphMinimal(
    train_model.net.Proto().op, "mnist", rankdir="LR", minimal_dependency=True)
display.Image(graph.create_png(), width=800)



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with open(os.path.join(root_folder, "train_net.pbtxt"), 'w') as fid:
    fid.write(str(train_model.net.Proto()))
with open(os.path.join(root_folder, "train_init_net.pbtxt"), 'w') as fid:
    fid.write(str(train_model.param_init_net.Proto()))
with open(os.path.join(root_folder, "test_net.pbtxt"), 'w') as fid:
    fid.write(str(test_model.net.Proto()))
with open(os.path.join(root_folder, "test_init_net.pbtxt"), 'w') as fid:
    fid.write(str(test_model.param_init_net.Proto()))
with open(os.path.join(root_folder, "deploy_net.pbtxt"), 'w') as fid:
    fid.write(str(deploy_model.net.Proto()))
print("Protocol buffers files have been created in your root folder: "+root_folder)



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# The parameter initialization network only needs to be run once.
workspace.RunNetOnce(train_model.param_init_net)
# creating the network
workspace.CreateNet(train_model.net)
# set the number of iterations and track the accuracy & loss
total_iters = 200
accuracy = np.zeros(total_iters)
loss = np.zeros(total_iters)
# Now, we will manually run the network for 200 iterations. 
for i in range(total_iters):
    workspace.RunNet(train_model.net.Proto().name)
    accuracy[i] = workspace.FetchBlob('accuracy')
    loss[i] = workspace.FetchBlob('loss')
# After the execution is done, let's plot the values.
pyplot.plot(loss, 'b')
pyplot.plot(accuracy, 'r')
pyplot.legend(('Loss', 'Accuracy'), loc='upper right')



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# Let's look at some of the data.
pyplot.figure()
data = workspace.FetchBlob('data')
_ = visualize.NCHW.ShowMultiple(data)
pyplot.figure()
softmax = workspace.FetchBlob('softmax')
_ = pyplot.plot(softmax[0], 'ro')
pyplot.title('Prediction for the first image')



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# run a test pass on the test net
workspace.RunNetOnce(test_model.param_init_net)
workspace.CreateNet(test_model.net)
test_accuracy = np.zeros(100)
for i in range(100):
    workspace.RunNet(test_model.net.Proto().name)
    test_accuracy[i] = workspace.FetchBlob('accuracy')
# After the execution is done, let's plot the values.
pyplot.plot(test_accuracy, 'r')
pyplot.title('Acuracy over test batches.')
print('test_accuracy: %f' % test_accuracy.mean())



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