Go down for licence and other metadata about this presentation
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from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('F4rFuIb1Ie4')
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## PDF output using pandoc
import os
### Export this notebook as markdown
commandLineSyntax = 'ipython nbconvert --to markdown 2016_Nottingham_GIServices_Lecture3_Beck_InteroperabilitySemanticsAndOpenData.ipynb'
print (commandLineSyntax)
os.system(commandLineSyntax)
### Export this notebook and the document header as PDF using Pandoc
commandLineSyntax = 'pandoc -f markdown -t latex -N -V geometry:margin=1in DocumentHeader.md 2016_Nottingham_GIServices_Lecture3_Beck_InteroperabilitySemanticsAndOpenData.md --filter pandoc-citeproc --latex-engine=xelatex --toc -o interim.pdf '
os.system(commandLineSyntax)
### Remove cruft from the pdf
commandLineSyntax = 'pdftk interim.pdf cat 1-3 16-end output 2016_Nottingham_GIServices_Lecture3_Beck_InteroperabilitySemanticsAndOpenData.pdf'
os.system(commandLineSyntax)
### Remove the interim pdf
commandLineSyntax = 'rm interim.pdf'
os.system(commandLineSyntax)
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%install_ext https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rasbt/python_reference/master/ipython_magic/watermark.py
%load_ext watermark
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%watermark -a "Anthony Beck" -d -v -m -g
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#List of installed conda packages
!conda list
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#List of installed pip packages
!pip list
You need to install the RISE Ipython Library from Damián Avila for dynamic presentations
To convert and run this as a static presentation run the following command:
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# I can't see notes in this - Not sure what the issue is. Try this in a solely python 2 environment
#PRIGINAL !ipython nbconvert 2016_Nottingham_GIServices_Lecture3_Beck_InteroperabilitySemanticsAndOpenData.ipynb --to slides --post serve
!ipython nbconvert 2016_Nottingham_GIServices_Lecture3_Beck_InteroperabilitySemanticsAndOpenData.ipynb --to slides --reveal-prefix https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/reveal.js/2.6.2 --post serve
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#ipython nbconvert --to slides Analysis-scheme1.ipynb --reveal-prefix https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/reveal.js/2.6.2
!ipython nbconvert 2016_Nottingham_GIServices_Lecture3_Beck_InteroperabilitySemanticsAndOpenData.ipynb --to slides --reveal-prefix https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/reveal.js/2.6.2
To close this instances press control 'c' in the ipython notebook terminal console
Static presentations allow the presenter to see speakers notes (use the 's' key)
If running dynamically run the scripts below
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#Future proof python 2
from __future__ import print_function #For python3 print syntax
from __future__ import division
# def
import IPython.core.display
# A function to collect user input - ipynb_input(varname='username', prompt='What is your username')
def ipynb_input(varname, prompt=''):
"""Prompt user for input and assign string val to given variable name."""
js_code = ("""
var value = prompt("{prompt}","");
var py_code = "{varname} = '" + value + "'";
IPython.notebook.kernel.execute(py_code);
""").format(prompt=prompt, varname=varname)
return IPython.core.display.Javascript(js_code)
# inline
%pylab inline
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This presentation contributes to the following learning outcomes for this course.
Suggested Questions:
SORT OUT DROPBOX and then let Ana know my details.
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# THINGS TO DISCUSS
## Data needs to be credible, accessible, properly licenceed. Bring in Internet of Things
and the word was cartography
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Restrictive data
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Disconnected data with different:
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Making data interoperable and open
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Put in interoperability quote here (plus references)
As defined by DoD policy, interoperability is the ability of systems, units, or forces to provide data, information, material, and services to, and accept the same from, other systems, units, or forces; and to use the data, information, materiel, and services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. IT and NSS interoperability includes both the technical exchange of information and the end-to-end operational effectiveness of that exchanged information as required for mission accomplishment. Interoperability is more than just information exchange; it includes systems, processes, procedures, organizations, and missions over the life cycle and must be balanced with information assurance.
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Discuss each interoperability and its resolution.
Bring in:
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From Map to Model The changing paradigm of map creation from cartography to data driven visualization
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The Shakespeare review [-@shakespeare_shakespeare_2013] indicate that the amount of government Open Data, at least in the UK, is only going to grow. Open data has the potential to trigger a revolution in how governments think about providing services to citizens and how they measure their success: this produces societal impact. This will require an understanding of citizen needs, behaviours, and mental models, and how to use data to improve services.
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A McKinsey Global Institute report examines the economic impact of Open Data [@mckinsey_open_2013] and estimates that globally open data could be worth a minimum of $3 trillion annually.
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The Royal Society’s report Science as an open enterprise [-@royal_society_science_2012] identifies how 21^st^ century communication technologies are changing the ways in which scientists conduct, and society engages with, science. The report recognises that ‘open’ enquiry is pivotal for the success of science, both in research and in society.
This goes beyond open access to publications (Open Access), to include access to data and other research outputs (Open Data), and the process by which data is turned into knowledge (Open Science).
Zenodo is a DATA REPOSITORY which offers:
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Issues surrounding non-technical interoperability include:
We will focus on licence interoperability
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{The purpose of the Case Studies is to:}(https://rd-alliance.org/groups/rdacodata-legal-interoperability-ig.html)
Provide more specific information on best practices, as well as barriers and constraints in a number of different scientific domains and communities of practice (lessons learned); Illustrate the variety of legal frameworks that govern research data, different approaches to intellectual property and copyright across jurisdictions, different disciplinary expectations and norms, and alternative mechanisms to address the legal interoperability of data that have been tried in practice; and Identify opportunities for cross-disciplinary, cross-domain fertilization and collaboration and for new initiatives to address key barriers and constraints.
There is a multitude of formal and informal data.
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Each of these data objects can be licenced in a different way. This shows some of the licences described by the RDFLicence ontology
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Concepts (derived from Formal Concept Analysis) surrounding licences
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Two lead organisations have developed legal frameworks for content licensing:
Until the release of CC version 4, published in November 2013, the CC licence did not cover data. Between them, CC and ODC licences can cover all forms of digital work.
I'll describe CC in more detail
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The following clauses constrain CC0:
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Certain licences when combined:
A conceptual licence processing workflow. The licence processing service analyses the incoming licence metadata and determines if the data can be legally integrated and any resulting licence implications for the derived product.
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Data1 hasDerivedContentIn NewThing.
Data1 hasLicence a cc-by-sa.
What hasLicence a cc-by-sa? #reason here
If X hasDerivedContentIn Y and hasLicence Z then Y hasLicence Z. #reason here
Data2 hasDerivedContentIn NewThing.
Data2 hasLicence a cc-by-nc-sa.
What hasLicence a cc-by-nc-sa? #reason here
Nothing hasLicence a cc-by-nc-sa and hasLicence a cc-by-sa. #reason hereAnd processing this within the Protege reasoning environment
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from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('jUzGF401vLc')
Out[4]:
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from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('tkRB5Rp1_W4')
Out[12]:
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| License | Reproduction | Distribution | Derivation | BY | SA | NC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CC0 | X | X | X | |||
| CC-BY-ND | X | X | X | |||
| CC-BY-NC-ND | X | X | X | X | ||
| CC-BY | X | X | X | X | ||
| CC-BY-SA | X | X | X | X | X | |
| CC-BY-NC | X | X | X | X | X | |
| CC-BY-NC-SA | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ODC-PDDL | X | X | X | |||
| ODC-BY | X | X | X | X | ||
| ODC-ODbL | X | X | X | X | X | |
| OGL 2.0 | X | X | X | X | ||
| OS OpenData | X | X | X | X | ? |
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Geo example:
Leeds is a city.
Yorkshire is a county.
Sheffield is a city.
Lancaster is a city.
Lancashire is a county.
Lancaster has a port.
What is Leeds?
Leeds isIn Yorkshire.
Sheffield isIn Yorkshire.
Lancaster isIn Lancashire.
What isIn Yorkshire?
If X isIn Y then Y contains X.
What contains Leeds?
Yorkshire borders Lancashire.
If X borders Y then Y borders X.
What borders Lancashire?
Yorkshire isIn UnitedKingdom.
Lancashire isIn UnitedKingdom.
#Transitivity
If X isIn Y and Y isIn Z then X isIn Z.
If X contains Y and Y contains Z then X contains Zusing proper isIn
Leeds is a city.
Yorkshire is a county.
Sheffield is a city.
Lancaster is a city.
Lancashire is a county.
Lancaster has a port.
What is Leeds?
Leeds is spatiallyWithin Yorkshire.
Sheffield is spatiallyWithin Yorkshire.
Lancaster is spatiallyWithin Lancashire.
What is spatiallyWithin Yorkshire?
If X is spatiallyWithin Y then Y spatiallyContains X.
What spatiallyContains Leeds?
Yorkshire borders Lancashire.
If X borders Y then Y borders X.
What borders Lancashire?
Yorkshire is spatiallyWithin UnitedKingdom.
Lancashire is spatiallyWithin UnitedKingdom.
#Transitivity
If X is spatiallyWithin Y and Y is spatiallyWithin Z then X is spatiallyWithin Z.
If X spatiallyContains Y and Y spatiallyContains Z then X spatiallyContains Z
What is spatiallyWithin UnitedKingdom?Adding more......
Pudsey is spatiallyWithin Leeds.
Kirkstall is spatiallyWithin Leeds.
Meanwood is spatiallyWithin Leeds.
Roundhay is spatiallyWithin Leeds.
Scarcroft is spatiallyWithin Leeds.and more
UnitedKingdom isPartOf Europe.
UnitedKingdom is a country.
If X isPartOf Y and X spatiallyContains Z then Z isPartOf Y.
What isPartOf Europe?
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and more
```
If X spatiallyContains Y and X is a city then Y is a place and Y is a cityPart.
Every city is a place.
What is a place.
```
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and more
```
UK isPartOf Europe.
UK is sameAs UnitedKingdom.
If X has a port then X borders Water.
What borders Water?
```
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