map()



In [26]:

    
def fahrenheit(T):
    return (9.0/5)*T + 32



In [27]:

    
fahrenheit(0)









    Out[27]:





32.0



In [28]:

    
temp = [0, 22, 52, 79, 100]



In [29]:

    
map(fahrenheit, temp)









    Out[29]:





[32.0, 71.6, 125.60000000000001, 174.20000000000002, 212.0]



In [30]:

    
map(lambda T: (9.0/5)*T + 32, temp)









    Out[30]:





[32.0, 71.6, 125.60000000000001, 174.20000000000002, 212.0]



In [31]:

    
lambda x,y: x+y









    Out[31]:





<function __main__.<lambda>>



In [32]:

    
a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
c = [7,8,9]



In [33]:

    
map(lambda x,y:x+y, a, b)









    Out[33]:





[5, 7, 9]



In [34]:

    
map(lambda x,y,z: x+y+z, a,b,c)









    Out[34]:





[12, 15, 18]



In [35]:

    
map(lambda x:x*-1, a)









    Out[35]:





[-1, -2, -3]

reduce()



In [36]:

    
m_list = [12,56,79,45]



In [37]:

    
reduce(lambda x,y:x+y, m_list)









    Out[37]:





192



In [38]:

    
max(m_list)









    Out[38]:





79



In [39]:

    
find_max = lambda x,y: x if x > y else y



In [40]:

    
reduce(find_max, m_list)









    Out[40]:





79



In [41]:

    
m_list2 = ['a', 'z', 'c', 'g']



In [42]:

    
max(m_list2)









    Out[42]:





'z'



In [43]:

    
reduce(find_max, m_list2)









    Out[43]:





'z'



In [44]:

    
m_list3 = ['a1', '2z', 'aw', 'a']



In [45]:

    
reduce(find_max, m_list3)









    Out[45]:





'aw'

filter()



In [46]:

    
def even_check(num):
    if num % 2 == 0:
        return True
    else:
        return False



In [47]:

    
even_check(56)









    Out[47]:





True



In [48]:

    
even_check(5)









    Out[48]:





False



In [49]:

    
m_list4 = [0,1,2,3,4,5]



In [50]:

    
filter(even_check, m_list4)









    Out[50]:





[0, 2, 4]



In [51]:

    
filter(lambda num: num%2 == 0, m_list4)









    Out[51]:





[0, 2, 4]

zip()



In [52]:

    
x = [1,2,3]



In [53]:

    
y = [4,5,6]



In [54]:

    
zip(x,y)









    Out[54]:





[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]



In [55]:

    
zip(x,x)









    Out[55]:





[(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)]



In [56]:

    
zip(x,x,y)









    Out[56]:





[(1, 1, 4), (2, 2, 5), (3, 3, 6)]



In [57]:

    
z = ['a', 'b']



In [58]:

    
zip(x,y,z)









    Out[58]:





[(1, 4, 'a'), (2, 5, 'b')]



In [59]:

    
zip(z,x,y)









    Out[59]:





[('a', 1, 4), ('b', 2, 5)]

enumerate()



In [60]:

    
for (count, item) in enumerate(m_list3):
    print count, item



In [61]:

    
for (count, item) in enumerate(m_list2):
    if count >= 2:
        break
    else:
        print count, item

all(), any()



In [62]:

    
m_list5 = [False, True, False, False, True]



In [63]:

    
any(m_list5)









    Out[63]:





True



In [64]:

    
all(m_list5)









    Out[64]:





False

complex()



In [65]:

    
complex(2,3)









    Out[65]:





(2+3j)



In [66]:

    
complex(10,0.5)









    Out[66]:





(10+0.5j)



In [67]:

    
complex('5+2j')









    Out[67]:





(5+2j)



In [68]:

    
complex('58-52j')









    Out[68]:





(58-52j)



In [69]:

    
complex('-5j')









    Out[69]:





-5j



In [ ]:

Collections Module

defaultdict



In [70]:

    
from collections import defaultdict



In [71]:

    
# without using defaultdict
m_dict = {'k1': 1}



In [72]:

    
m_dict['k1']









    Out[72]:





1



In [73]:

    
m_dict['k2']









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-73-5227cfb1df3f> in <module>()
----> 1 m_dict['k2']

KeyError: 'k2'



In [74]:

    
#using defaultdict

m_dict2 = defaultdict(object)



In [75]:

    
m_dict2['k1213']









    Out[75]:





<object at 0x7f75dbfd2ca0>



In [76]:

    
for key in m_dict2:
    print key



In [77]:

    
m_dict3 = defaultdict(lambda : 0)



In [78]:

    
m_dict3['k1']









    Out[78]:





0



In [79]:

    
m_dict3['k2'] = 2



In [80]:

    
m_dict3









    Out[80]:





defaultdict(<function __main__.<lambda>>, {'k1': 0, 'k2': 2})

orderedDict



In [ ]:



In [81]:

    
# un-ordered dictionary
m_dict4 = {}
m_dict4['k1'] = 1
m_dict4['k2'] = 2
m_dict4['k3'] = 3
m_dict4['k4'] = 4
m_dict4['k5'] = 5



In [82]:

    
m_dict4









    Out[82]:





{'k1': 1, 'k2': 2, 'k3': 3, 'k4': 4, 'k5': 5}



In [83]:

    
for k,v in m_dict4:
    print k, v



In [84]:

    
for k,v in m_dict4.items():
    print k, v



In [85]:

    
m_dict5 = {}
m_dict5['k4'] = 4
m_dict5['k2'] = 2
m_dict5['k5'] = 5
m_dict5['k1'] = 1
m_dict5['k3'] = 3



In [86]:

    
m_dict4 == m_dict5









    Out[86]:





True



In [87]:

    
# ordered dict

from collections import OrderedDict

m_dict6 = OrderedDict()
m_dict6['k4'] = 4
m_dict6['k2'] = 2
m_dict6['k5'] = 5
m_dict6['k1'] = 1
m_dict6['k3'] = 3

m_dict7 = OrderedDict()
m_dict7['k1'] = 1
m_dict7['k2'] = 2
m_dict7['k3'] = 3
m_dict7['k4'] = 4
m_dict7['k5'] = 5



In [88]:

    
m_dict6 == m_dict7     # comparing two ORDERED dict









    Out[88]:





False



In [89]:

    
m_dict5 == m_dict6     # comparing ORDERED & UN-ORDERED dict









    Out[89]:





True



In [90]:

    
m_dict5 == m_dict7     # comparing ORDERED & UN-ORDERED dict









    Out[90]:





True



In [91]:

    
m_dict4 == m_dict5     # comparing two UN-ORDERED dict









    Out[91]:





True



In [92]:

    
m_dict7.values()









    Out[92]:





[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

namedtuple()



In [93]:

    
# namedtuple() assigns names to every element of tuple



In [94]:

    
m_tuple = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)



In [95]:

    
m_tuple[0]









    Out[95]:





1



In [96]:

    
m_tuple[5]









    Out[96]:





6



In [97]:

    
from collections import namedtuple



In [98]:

    
Dog = namedtuple('DOG', 'age breed name')



In [99]:

    
m_dog = Dog(2, 'Lab', 'Tommy')



In [100]:

    
m_dog









    Out[100]:





DOG(age=2, breed='Lab', name='Tommy')



In [101]:

    
m_dog.age









    Out[101]:





2



In [102]:

    
m_dog.breed









    Out[102]:





'Lab'



In [103]:

    
m_dog.name









    Out[103]:





'Tommy'



In [104]:

    
m_dog[0]









    Out[104]:





2



In [105]:

    
m_dog[1]









    Out[105]:





'Lab'



In [106]:

    
m_dog[2]









    Out[106]:





'Tommy'

Datetime



In [107]:

    
import datetime



In [108]:

    
m_time = datetime.time(5,25,1)



In [109]:

    
print m_time



In [110]:

    
print datetime.time.max









    



23:59:59.999999



In [111]:

    
print datetime.time.min



In [112]:

    
print datetime.time.resolution









    



0:00:00.000001



In [113]:

    
m_today = datetime.date.today()



In [114]:

    
print m_today



In [115]:

    
m_today.timetuple()









    Out[115]:





time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=15, tm_isdst=-1)



In [116]:

    
m_today.day









    Out[116]:





15

Python Debugger



In [3]:

    
import pdb



In [5]:

    
x = [1,23,45]
y = 85
z = 20

result = y*z
print result

pdb.set_trace()

result2 = y+z
print result2









    



1700
--Return--
> <ipython-input-5-c3ac6d4c011a>(8)<module>()->None
-> pdb.set_trace()
(Pdb) q






    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
BdbQuit                                   Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-c3ac6d4c011a> in <module>()
      6 print result
      7 
----> 8 pdb.set_trace()
      9 
     10 result2 = y+z

/usr/lib/python2.7/bdb.pyc in trace_dispatch(self, frame, event, arg)
     51             return self.dispatch_call(frame, arg)
     52         if event == 'return':
---> 53             return self.dispatch_return(frame, arg)
     54         if event == 'exception':
     55             return self.dispatch_exception(frame, arg)

/usr/lib/python2.7/bdb.pyc in dispatch_return(self, frame, arg)
     89             finally:
     90                 self.frame_returning = None
---> 91             if self.quitting: raise BdbQuit
     92         return self.trace_dispatch
     93 

BdbQuit:



In [6]:

    
## Advanced numbers



In [7]:

    
hex(12)









    Out[7]:





'0xc'



In [9]:

    
hex(512)









    Out[9]:





'0x200'



In [10]:

    
bin(1234)









    Out[10]:





'0b10011010010'



In [11]:

    
bin(128)









    Out[11]:





'0b10000000'



In [12]:

    
bin(512)









    Out[12]:





'0b1000000000'



In [13]:

    
2**4









    Out[13]:





16



In [14]:

    
pow(2,4)









    Out[14]:





16



In [15]:

    
pow(2,4,3)









    Out[15]:





1



In [16]:

    
abs(-56)









    Out[16]:





56



In [17]:

    
round(2.154)









    Out[17]:





2.0



In [18]:

    
round(3.845)









    Out[18]:





4.0



In [19]:

    
round(3.8451258, 3)









    Out[19]:





3.845



In [20]:

    
round(3.21548, 2)









    Out[20]:





3.22



In [21]:

    
## Advanced Strings



In [22]:

    
m_str = 'hello world'



In [23]:

    
m_str.capitalize()









    Out[23]:





'Hello world'



In [24]:

    
m_str.upper()









    Out[24]:





'HELLO WORLD'



In [25]:

    
m_str









    Out[25]:





'hello world'



In [26]:

    
m_str.lower()









    Out[26]:





'hello world'



In [27]:

    
m_str.count('e')









    Out[27]:





1



In [28]:

    
m_str.count('l')









    Out[28]:





3



In [29]:

    
m_str.find('l')









    Out[29]:





2



In [31]:

    
m_str.center(20, 'z')









    Out[31]:





'zzzzhello worldzzzzz'



In [32]:

    
print 'hello\thi'









    



hello	hi



In [33]:

    
'hello\thi'.expandtabs()









    Out[33]:





'hello   hi'



In [34]:

    
m_str2 = 'hello potter217'



In [35]:

    
m_str2.isalnum()









    Out[35]:





False



In [36]:

    
m_str2.isalpha()









    Out[36]:





False



In [37]:

    
m_str.isalnum()









    Out[37]:





False



In [38]:

    
m_str.istitle()









    Out[38]:





False



In [41]:

    
m_listComprehension = [x**3 for x in range(10)]



In [42]:

    
{str(x):x**3 for x in range(10)}









    Out[42]:





{'0': 0,
 '1': 1,
 '2': 8,
 '3': 27,
 '4': 64,
 '5': 125,
 '6': 216,
 '7': 343,
 '8': 512,
 '9': 729}



In [43]:

    
m_listComprehension









    Out[43]:





[0, 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729]



In [44]:

    
m_listComprehension.append([12, 85, 'djdbhsdbhb'])



In [45]:

    
m_listComprehension









    Out[45]:





[0, 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, [12, 85, 'djdbhsdbhb']]



In [46]:

    
m_listComprehension.extend(['dsbhffbhs', 52.015, 45])



In [47]:

    
m_listComprehension









    Out[47]:





[0,
 1,
 8,
 27,
 64,
 125,
 216,
 343,
 512,
 729,
 [12, 85, 'djdbhsdbhb'],
 'dsbhffbhs',
 52.015,
 45]



In [48]:

    
m_listComprehension.index(216)









    Out[48]:





6



In [49]:

    
m_listComprehension.index(217)









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-49-dcaa144774e8> in <module>()
----> 1 m_listComprehension.index(217)

ValueError: 217 is not in list



In [50]:

    
m_listComprehension.insert(2, 'rustomPotter')



In [51]:

    
m_listComprehension









    Out[51]:





[0,
 1,
 'rustomPotter',
 8,
 27,
 64,
 125,
 216,
 343,
 512,
 729,
 [12, 85, 'djdbhsdbhb'],
 'dsbhffbhs',
 52.015,
 45]



In [52]:

    
m_listComprehension.pop()









    Out[52]:





45



In [53]:

    
m_listComprehension









    Out[53]:





[0,
 1,
 'rustomPotter',
 8,
 27,
 64,
 125,
 216,
 343,
 512,
 729,
 [12, 85, 'djdbhsdbhb'],
 'dsbhffbhs',
 52.015]



In [54]:

    
m_listComprehension.pop(2)









    Out[54]:





'rustomPotter'



In [57]:

    
m_listComprehension.remove(1)



In [58]:

    
m_listComprehension.reverse()



In [59]:

    
m_listComprehension









    Out[59]:





[52.015,
 'dsbhffbhs',
 [12, 85, 'djdbhsdbhb'],
 729,
 512,
 343,
 216,
 125,
 64,
 27,
 8,
 0]



In [60]:

    
m_listComprehension.sort()



In [61]:

    
m_listComprehension









    Out[61]:





[0,
 8,
 27,
 52.015,
 64,
 125,
 216,
 343,
 512,
 729,
 [12, 85, 'djdbhsdbhb'],
 'dsbhffbhs']



In [1]:

    
m_str = "Hariom Vinay"



In [5]:

    
print(m_str.rjust(5))









    



Hariom Vinay



In [6]:

    
print(m_str.rjust(100))









    



                                                                                        Hariom Vinay



In [7]:

    
m_str.replace('i', '(II)')









    Out[7]:





'Har(II)om V(II)nay'



In [8]:

    
print(' hdhbsh hshdv  '.strip())









    



hdhbsh hshdv



In [1]:

    
d = {'cat': 'cute', 'dog': 'furry'}



In [3]:

    
print(d.get('cat', 'N/A'))









    



cute



In [4]:

    
help(set)









    



Help on class set in module __builtin__:

class set(object)
 |  set() -> new empty set object
 |  set(iterable) -> new set object
 |  
 |  Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __and__(...)
 |      x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
 |  
 |  __cmp__(...)
 |      x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
 |  
 |  __contains__(...)
 |      x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x.
 |  
 |  __eq__(...)
 |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
 |  
 |  __ge__(...)
 |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
 |  
 |  __getattribute__(...)
 |      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
 |  
 |  __gt__(...)
 |      x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
 |  
 |  __iand__(...)
 |      x.__iand__(y) <==> x&=y
 |  
 |  __init__(...)
 |      x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
 |  
 |  __ior__(...)
 |      x.__ior__(y) <==> x|=y
 |  
 |  __isub__(...)
 |      x.__isub__(y) <==> x-=y
 |  
 |  __iter__(...)
 |      x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
 |  
 |  __ixor__(...)
 |      x.__ixor__(y) <==> x^=y
 |  
 |  __le__(...)
 |      x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
 |  
 |  __len__(...)
 |      x.__len__() <==> len(x)
 |  
 |  __lt__(...)
 |      x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
 |  
 |  __ne__(...)
 |      x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
 |  
 |  __or__(...)
 |      x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
 |  
 |  __rand__(...)
 |      x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
 |  
 |  __reduce__(...)
 |      Return state information for pickling.
 |  
 |  __repr__(...)
 |      x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
 |  
 |  __ror__(...)
 |      x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
 |  
 |  __rsub__(...)
 |      x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
 |  
 |  __rxor__(...)
 |      x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
 |  
 |  __sizeof__(...)
 |      S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
 |  
 |  __sub__(...)
 |      x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
 |  
 |  __xor__(...)
 |      x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
 |  
 |  add(...)
 |      Add an element to a set.
 |      
 |      This has no effect if the element is already present.
 |  
 |  clear(...)
 |      Remove all elements from this set.
 |  
 |  copy(...)
 |      Return a shallow copy of a set.
 |  
 |  difference(...)
 |      Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
 |      
 |      (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
 |  
 |  difference_update(...)
 |      Remove all elements of another set from this set.
 |  
 |  discard(...)
 |      Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
 |      
 |      If the element is not a member, do nothing.
 |  
 |  intersection(...)
 |      Return the intersection of two or more sets as a new set.
 |      
 |      (i.e. elements that are common to all of the sets.)
 |  
 |  intersection_update(...)
 |      Update a set with the intersection of itself and another.
 |  
 |  isdisjoint(...)
 |      Return True if two sets have a null intersection.
 |  
 |  issubset(...)
 |      Report whether another set contains this set.
 |  
 |  issuperset(...)
 |      Report whether this set contains another set.
 |  
 |  pop(...)
 |      Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
 |      Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
 |  
 |  remove(...)
 |      Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
 |      
 |      If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
 |  
 |  symmetric_difference(...)
 |      Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
 |      
 |      (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
 |  
 |  symmetric_difference_update(...)
 |      Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another.
 |  
 |  union(...)
 |      Return the union of sets as a new set.
 |      
 |      (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
 |  
 |  update(...)
 |      Update a set with the union of itself and others.
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |  
 |  __hash__ = None
 |  
 |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
 |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T



In [16]:

    
animals = {'cat', '1456', 'dog', 'fish', '412', 217}
for idx, animal in enumerate(animals):
    print('#%d: %s' % (idx + 1, animal))









    



#1: fish
#2: dog
#3: cat
#4: 1456
#5: 412
#6: 217



In [17]:

    
for idx, animal in enumerate(animals):
    print('#%d: %s' % (idx + 1, animal))









    



#1: fish
#2: dog
#3: cat
#4: 1456
#5: 412
#6: 217



In [18]:

    
animals.add(45215565)



In [19]:

    
for idx, animal in enumerate(animals):
    print('#%d: %s' % (idx + 1, animal))









    



#1: 45215565
#2: fish
#3: dog
#4: cat
#5: 1456
#6: 412
#7: 217



In [ ]: