元组

创建元组



In [1]:

    
tup1 = 1, 2, 3
print tup1

# 嵌套元组
tup2 = (1, 2, 3), (4, 5)
print tup2









    



(1, 2, 3)
((1, 2, 3), (4, 5))

转换为元组，list->tuple, string->tuple



In [2]:

    
l = [1, 2, 3]
print tuple(l)

str = 'Hello ChinaHadoop'
print tuple(str)









    



(1, 2, 3)
('H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'C', 'h', 'i', 'n', 'a', 'H', 'a', 'd', 'o', 'o', 'p')

访问元组



In [3]:

    
tup3 = tuple(str)
print tup3[4]

合并元组



In [4]:

    
tup1 + tup2









    Out[4]:





(1, 2, 3, (1, 2, 3), (4, 5))

拆包



In [5]:

    
a, b, c = tup1
print b



In [6]:

    
# 函数返回多个值
def return_multiple():
    t = (1, 2, 3)
    return t

a, _, c = return_multiple()
print c



In [7]:

    
# 元组列表迭代
tuple_lst = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
for x, y in tuple_lst:
    print x+y

count 方法



In [8]:

    
tup3.count('o')









    Out[8]:





3

列表

创建列表



In [9]:

    
lst_1 = [1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', (4, 5)]
print lst_1

lst_2 = range(1, 9)
print lst_2









    



[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', (4, 5)]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

转换为列表, tuple->list



In [10]:

    
lst_3 = list(tup3)
print lst_3









    



['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'C', 'h', 'i', 'n', 'a', 'H', 'a', 'd', 'o', 'o', 'p']

添加、移除元素



In [11]:

    
lst_4 = range(10)

# 末尾添加
lst_4.append(11)
print lst_4

# 指定位置插入
lst_4.insert(5, 12)
print lst_4









    



[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11]



In [12]:

    
# 删除指定位置的元素并返回
item = lst_4.pop(6)
print item
print lst_4









    



5
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11]



In [13]:

    
# 删除指定的值，注意12在这里是“值”不是“位置”
lst_4.remove(12)
print lst_4









    



[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11]

合并列表



In [14]:

    
lst_3 = lst_1 + lst_2
print lst_3

lst_1.extend(lst_2)
print lst_1









    



[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', (4, 5), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', (4, 5), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

排序操作



In [15]:

    
import random
lst_5 = range(10)
random.shuffle(lst_5)
print lst_5









    



[8, 1, 7, 3, 0, 5, 9, 6, 4, 2]



In [16]:

    
lst_5.sort()
print lst_5









    



[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]



In [17]:

    
lst_6 = ['Welcome', 'to', 'Python', 'Data', 'Analysis', 'Course']
lst_6.sort()
print lst_6









    



['Analysis', 'Course', 'Data', 'Python', 'Welcome', 'to']



In [18]:

    
lst_6.sort(key = len, reverse=True)
print lst_6









    



['Analysis', 'Welcome', 'Course', 'Python', 'Data', 'to']



In [19]:

    
print lst_5
print lst_5[1:5]
print lst_5[5:]
print lst_5[:5]
print lst_5[-5:]
print lst_5[-5:-2]
print lst_5[::2]
print lst_5[::-1]









    



[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[5, 6, 7]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]

常用序列函数

enumerate



In [20]:

    
lst_6 = ['Welcome', 'to', 'Python', 'Data', 'Analysis', 'Course'] # (0, 'Welcome')
for i, item in enumerate(lst_6):
    print '%i-%s' %(i, item)









    



0-Welcome
1-to
2-Python
3-Data
4-Analysis
5-Course



In [21]:

    
str_dict = dict((i, item) for i, item in enumerate(lst_6))
print str_dict









    



{0: 'Welcome', 1: 'to', 2: 'Python', 3: 'Data', 4: 'Analysis', 5: 'Course'}

sorted



In [22]:

    
import random
lst_5 = range(10)
random.shuffle(lst_5)
print lst_5

#sorted
lst_5_sorted = sorted(lst_5)
print lst_5
print lst_5_sorted









    



[3, 6, 5, 1, 0, 8, 9, 7, 4, 2]
[3, 6, 5, 1, 0, 8, 9, 7, 4, 2]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

zip 压缩



In [23]:

    
lst_6 = ['Welcome', 'to', 'Python', 'Data', 'Analysis', 'Course']
lst_7 = range(5) #[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
lst_8 = ['a', 'b', 'c']
zip_lst = zip(lst_6, lst_8, lst_7)
print zip_lst









    



[('Welcome', 'a', 0), ('to', 'b', 1), ('Python', 'c', 2)]

zip * 解压缩



In [24]:

    
zip(*zip_lst)









    Out[24]:





[('Welcome', 'to', 'Python'), ('a', 'b', 'c'), (0, 1, 2)]

reversed



In [25]:

    
list(reversed(lst_6))









    Out[25]:





['Course', 'Analysis', 'Data', 'Python', 'to', 'Welcome']

字典 dict

创建字典



In [26]:

    
empty_dict = {}
dict1 = {'a': 1, 2: 'b', '3': [1, 2, 3]}
print empty_dict
print dict1









    



{}
{'a': 1, 2: 'b', '3': [1, 2, 3]}

插入元素



In [27]:

    
dict1[4] = (4, 5)
print dict1









    



{'a': 1, 2: 'b', 4: (4, 5), '3': [1, 2, 3]}

删除元素



In [28]:

    
del dict1[2]
print dict1









    



{'a': 1, 4: (4, 5), '3': [1, 2, 3]}



In [29]:

    
a_value = dict1.pop('a')
print a_value
print dict1









    



1
{4: (4, 5), '3': [1, 2, 3]}

获取键、值列表



In [30]:

    
print dict1.keys()
print dict1.values()









    



[4, '3']
[(4, 5), [1, 2, 3]]

合并字典



In [31]:

    
dict2 = {4: 'new1', 5: 'news'}
dict1.update(dict2)
print dict1









    



{'3': [1, 2, 3], 4: 'new1', 5: 'news'}

通过多个列表创建字典



In [32]:

    
# 普通方法
dict_3 = {}
l1 = range(10)
l2 = list(reversed(range(10)))
for i1, i2 in zip(l1, l2):
    dict_3[i1] = i2
print dict_3









    



{0: 9, 1: 8, 2: 7, 3: 6, 4: 5, 5: 4, 6: 3, 7: 2, 8: 1, 9: 0}



In [33]:

    
dict_4 = dict(zip(l1, l2))
print dict_4









    



{0: 9, 1: 8, 2: 7, 3: 6, 4: 5, 5: 4, 6: 3, 7: 2, 8: 1, 9: 0}

hash函数



In [34]:

    
hash(12)









    Out[34]:





12



In [35]:

    
hash('test hash')









    Out[35]:





-520327859



In [36]:

    
hash((1, 2, 3))









    Out[36]:





-378539185



In [38]:

    
hash([1, 2, 3])









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-38-0b995650570c> in <module>()
----> 1 hash([1, 2, 3])

TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

集合 set



In [39]:

    
a = set(range(10))
print a
b = set(range(5,15))
print b









    



set([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
set([5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14])

并交差异或



In [40]:

    
a | b









    Out[40]:





{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}



In [41]:

    
a & b









    Out[41]:





{5, 6, 7, 8, 9}



In [42]:

    
a - b









    Out[42]:





{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}



In [43]:

    
a ^ b









    Out[43]:





{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

判断是否为子集、父集



In [44]:

    
a.issubset(b)









    Out[44]:





False



In [45]:

    
a.issuperset(b)









    Out[45]:





False



In [ ]: