Neural Network Example

Build a 2-hidden layers fully connected neural network (a.k.a multilayer perceptron) with TensorFlow.

Neural Network Overview

MNIST Dataset Overview

This example is using MNIST handwritten digits. The dataset contains 60,000 examples for training and 10,000 examples for testing. The digits have been size-normalized and centered in a fixed-size image (28x28 pixels) with values from 0 to 1. For simplicity, each image has been flattened and converted to a 1-D numpy array of 784 features (28*28).

More info: http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/


In [1]:
from __future__ import print_function

# Import MNIST data
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("/tmp/data/", one_hot=True)

import tensorflow as tf


Extracting /tmp/data/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Extracting /tmp/data/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
Extracting /tmp/data/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Extracting /tmp/data/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz

In [2]:
# Parameters
learning_rate = 0.1
num_steps = 500
batch_size = 128
display_step = 100

# Network Parameters
n_hidden_1 = 256 # 1st layer number of neurons
n_hidden_2 = 256 # 2nd layer number of neurons
num_input = 784 # MNIST data input (img shape: 28*28)
num_classes = 10 # MNIST total classes (0-9 digits)

# tf Graph input
X = tf.placeholder("float", [None, num_input])
Y = tf.placeholder("float", [None, num_classes])

In [3]:
# Store layers weight & bias
weights = {
    'h1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([num_input, n_hidden_1])),
    'h2': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden_1, n_hidden_2])),
    'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden_2, num_classes]))
}
biases = {
    'b1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden_1])),
    'b2': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden_2])),
    'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([num_classes]))
}

In [4]:
# Create model
def neural_net(x):
    # Hidden fully connected layer with 256 neurons
    layer_1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(x, weights['h1']), biases['b1'])
    # Hidden fully connected layer with 256 neurons
    layer_2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(layer_1, weights['h2']), biases['b2'])
    # Output fully connected layer with a neuron for each class
    out_layer = tf.matmul(layer_2, weights['out']) + biases['out']
    return out_layer

In [5]:
# Construct model
logits = neural_net(X)

# Define loss and optimizer
loss_op = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
    logits=logits, labels=Y))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate)
train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss_op)

# Evaluate model (with test logits, for dropout to be disabled)
correct_pred = tf.equal(tf.argmax(logits, 1), tf.argmax(Y, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))

# Initialize the variables (i.e. assign their default value)
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

In [6]:
# Start training
with tf.Session() as sess:

    # Run the initializer
    sess.run(init)

    for step in range(1, num_steps+1):
        batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
        # Run optimization op (backprop)
        sess.run(train_op, feed_dict={X: batch_x, Y: batch_y})
        if step % display_step == 0 or step == 1:
            # Calculate batch loss and accuracy
            loss, acc = sess.run([loss_op, accuracy], feed_dict={X: batch_x,
                                                                 Y: batch_y})
            print("Step " + str(step) + ", Minibatch Loss= " + \
                  "{:.4f}".format(loss) + ", Training Accuracy= " + \
                  "{:.3f}".format(acc))

    print("Optimization Finished!")

    # Calculate accuracy for MNIST test images
    print("Testing Accuracy:", \
        sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X: mnist.test.images,
                                      Y: mnist.test.labels}))


Step 1, Minibatch Loss= 13208.1406, Training Accuracy= 0.266
Step 100, Minibatch Loss= 462.8610, Training Accuracy= 0.867
Step 200, Minibatch Loss= 232.8298, Training Accuracy= 0.844
Step 300, Minibatch Loss= 85.2141, Training Accuracy= 0.891
Step 400, Minibatch Loss= 38.0552, Training Accuracy= 0.883
Step 500, Minibatch Loss= 55.3689, Training Accuracy= 0.867
Optimization Finished!
Testing Accuracy: 0.8729