Deep Neural Network in TensorFlow

In this notebook, we convert our intermediate-depth MNIST-classifying neural network from Keras to TensorFlow (compare them side by side) following Aymeric Damien's Multi-Layer Perceptron Notebook style.

Load dependencies



In [1]:

    
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(42)
import tensorflow as tf
tf.set_random_seed(42)

Load data



In [2]:

    
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data/", one_hot=True)









    



Extracting MNIST_data/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Extracting MNIST_data/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
Extracting MNIST_data/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Extracting MNIST_data/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz

Set neural network hyperparameters (tidier at top of file!)



In [3]:

    
lr = 0.1
epochs = 10
batch_size = 128
weight_initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer()

Set number of neurons for each layer



In [4]:

    
n_input = 784
n_dense_1 = 64
n_dense_2 = 64
n_dense_3 = 64
n_classes = 10

Define placeholders Tensors for inputs and labels



In [5]:

    
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, n_input])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, n_classes])

Define types of layers



In [6]:

    
# dense layer with ReLU activation:
def dense(x, W, b):
    z = tf.add(tf.matmul(x, W), b)
    a = tf.nn.relu(z)
    return a

Define dictionaries for storing weights and biases for each layer -- and initialize



In [7]:

    
bias_dict = {
    'b1': tf.Variable(tf.zeros([n_dense_1])),
    'b2': tf.Variable(tf.zeros([n_dense_2])),
    'b3': tf.Variable(tf.zeros([n_dense_3])),
    'b_out': tf.Variable(tf.zeros([n_classes]))
}

weight_dict = {
    'W1': tf.get_variable('W1', [n_input, n_dense_1], initializer=weight_initializer),
    'W2': tf.get_variable('W2', [n_dense_1, n_dense_2], initializer=weight_initializer),
    'W3': tf.get_variable('W3', [n_dense_2, n_dense_3], initializer=weight_initializer),
    'W_out': tf.get_variable('W_out', [n_dense_3, n_classes], initializer=weight_initializer),
}

Design neural network architecture



In [8]:

    
def network(x, weights, biases):
    
    # two dense hidden layers:
    dense_1 = dense(x, weights['W1'], biases['b1'])
    dense_2 = dense(dense_1, weights['W2'], biases['b2'])
    dense_3 = dense(dense_2, weights['W3'], biases['b3'])
    
    # linear output layer (softmax):
    out_layer_z = tf.add(tf.matmul(dense_3, weights['W_out']), biases['b_out'])
    
    return out_layer_z

Build model



In [9]:

    
predictions = network(x, weights=weight_dict, biases=bias_dict)

Define model's loss and its optimizer



In [10]:

    
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=predictions, labels=y))
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate=lr).minimize(cost)

Define evaluation metrics



In [11]:

    
# calculate accuracy by identifying test cases where the model's highest-probability class matches the true y label: 
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(predictions, 1), tf.argmax(y, 1))
accuracy_pct = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32)) * 100

Create op for variable initialization



In [12]:

    
initializer_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()

Train the network in a session



In [13]:

    
with tf.Session() as session:
    session.run(initializer_op)
    
    print("Training for", epochs, "epochs.")
    
    # loop over epochs: 
    for epoch in range(epochs):
        
        avg_cost = 0.0 # track cost to monitor performance during training
        avg_accuracy_pct = 0.0
        
        # loop over all batches of the epoch:
        n_batches = int(mnist.train.num_examples / batch_size)
        for i in range(n_batches):
            
            batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
            
            # feed batch data to run optimization and fetching cost and accuracy: 
            _, batch_cost, batch_acc = session.run([optimizer, cost, accuracy_pct], feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
            
            # accumulate mean loss and accuracy over epoch: 
            avg_cost += batch_cost / n_batches
            avg_accuracy_pct += batch_acc / n_batches
            
        # output logs at end of each epoch of training:
        print("Epoch ", '%03d' % (epoch+1), 
              ": cost = ", '{:.3f}'.format(avg_cost), 
              ", accuracy = ", '{:.2f}'.format(avg_accuracy_pct), "%", 
              sep='')
    
    print("Training Complete. Testing Model.\n")
    
    test_cost = cost.eval({x: mnist.test.images, y: mnist.test.labels})
    test_accuracy_pct = accuracy_pct.eval({x: mnist.test.images, y: mnist.test.labels})
    
    print("Test Cost:", '{:.3f}'.format(test_cost))
    print("Test Accuracy: ", '{:.2f}'.format(test_accuracy_pct), "%", sep='')









    



Training for 10 epochs.
Epoch 001: cost = 0.542, accuracy = 83.35%
Epoch 002: cost = 0.211, accuracy = 93.73%
Epoch 003: cost = 0.158, accuracy = 95.32%
Epoch 004: cost = 0.130, accuracy = 96.14%
Epoch 005: cost = 0.110, accuracy = 96.68%
Epoch 006: cost = 0.096, accuracy = 97.16%
Epoch 007: cost = 0.085, accuracy = 97.50%
Epoch 008: cost = 0.076, accuracy = 97.77%
Epoch 009: cost = 0.067, accuracy = 97.91%
Epoch 010: cost = 0.061, accuracy = 98.19%
Training Complete. Testing Model.

Test Cost: 0.095
Test Accuracy: 97.01%



In [ ]: