PCA Python vs R

Originally, R was used to calculate PCA using both princomp and prcomp. However, rpy2 stopped was intorducing some issues on the galaxy server. I decided to switch the calculation over to a pure python solution. scikit-learn has a PCA package which we can used, but it only does SVD and matches the output of prcomp with its default values.

Here I am testing and figuing out how to output the different values.


In [147]:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA

Import Example Data


In [210]:
dat = pd.read_table('../example_data/ST000015_log.tsv')
dat.set_index('Name', inplace=True)

In [211]:
dat[:3]


Out[211]:
a332577 a332581 a332585 a332589 a332593 a332597 a332601 a332469 a332477 a332481 ... a332337 a332341 a332345 a332349 a332217 a332221 a332225 a332229 a332233 a332237
Name
tyrosine 7.3923 7.4998 7.1898 9.0168 6.3038 6.5236 8.2288 7.5999 6.7549 8.9858 ... 14.8625 7.5774 9.0688 14.4720 14.1080 11.2697 8.6366 11.4538 10.9766 14.1164
tryptophan 6.4594 7.1189 5.2095 7.0444 5.9542 7.3309 8.0056 4.0000 5.2095 3.0000 ... 8.5507 7.2192 7.5314 8.0389 6.4757 9.2021 9.2503 8.5962 8.8202 10.9665
trehalose 8.9571 8.8361 9.5699 8.9129 8.0875 8.8234 9.0389 9.5565 8.8549 9.8074 ... 10.2131 9.3061 9.1344 11.7385 11.0841 10.4949 11.3663 10.4737 10.6165 11.4949

3 rows × 125 columns

Use R to calculate PCA

Mi has looked at this already, but wanted to put the R example here to be complete. Here are the two R methods to output PCA


In [221]:
%%R -i dat
# First method uses princomp to calulate PCA using eigenvalues and eigenvectors
pr = princomp(dat)
#str(pr)
loadings = pr$loadings
scores = pr$scores
#summary(pr)


[1] 12.61808

In [223]:
%%R -i dat
pr = prcomp(dat)
#str(pr)
loadings = pr$rotation
scores = pr$x
sd = pr$sdev
#summary(pr)

Use Python to calculate PCA

scikit-learn has a PCA package that we will use. It uses the SVD method, so results match the prcomp from R.

http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.decomposition.PCA.html

Generate PCA with default settings


In [181]:
# Initiate PCA class
pca = PCA()

# Fit the model and transform data
scores = pca.fit_transform(dat)

# Get loadings
loadings = pca.components_

# R also outputs the following in their summaries
sd = loadings.std(axis=0)
propVar = pca.explained_variance_ratio_
cumPropVar = propVar.cumsum()

I compared these results with prcomp and they are identical, note that the python version formats the data in scientific notation.

Build output tables that match the original PCA script

Build comment block

At the top of each output file, the original R version includes the standard deviation and the proportion of variance explained. I want to first build this block.


In [148]:
# Labels used for the comment block
labels = np.array(['#Std. deviation', '#Proportion of variance explained', '#Cumulative proportion of variance explained'])

# Stack the data into a matrix
data = np.vstack([sd, propVar, cumPropVar])

# Add the labels to the first position in the matrix
block = np.column_stack([labels, data])

In [189]:
# Create header
header = np.array(['Comp{}'.format(x+1) for x in range(loadings.shape[1])])
compoundIndex = np.hstack([dat.index.name, dat.index])
sampleIndex = np.hstack(['sampleID', dat.columns])

# Create loadings output
loadHead = np.vstack([header, loadings])
loadIndex = np.column_stack([sampleIndex, loadHead])
loadOut = np.vstack([block, loadIndex])

# Create scores output
scoreHead = np.vstack([header, scores])
scoreIndex = np.column_stack([compoundIndex, scoreHead])
scoreOut = np.vstack([block, scoreIndex])

In [198]:
np.savetxt('/home/jfear/tmp/dan.tsv', loadOut, fmt="%s", delimiter='\t')

In [199]:
bob = pd.DataFrame(loadOut)

In [200]:



Out[200]:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125
0 #Std. deviation 0.0894106208128 0.0872859231919 0.0889353873848 0.0883950492616 0.0894074630293 0.089269416936 0.0889222157093 0.0894313538218 0.0878101808881 ... 0.0894095300328 0.0889152037066 0.0889979196178 0.0893452895665 0.0893128108836 0.0871128038213 0.0893214244514 0.089437875108 0.0887774951295 0.0893028422611
1 #Proportion of variance explained 0.768408398347 0.0944852586284 0.0166584048729 0.0106266237539 0.00979897186803 0.00790398627099 0.00732960958491 0.00588902805794 0.00556921465521 ... 2.03871235916e-05 1.77822280914e-05 1.60299095197e-05 1.57034683108e-05 1.4590216401e-05 1.39194117166e-05 1.10429619828e-05 1.0236398879e-05 9.40237128738e-06 7.5601070231e-06
2 #Cumulative proportion of variance explained 0.768408398347 0.862893656976 0.879552061849 0.890178685603 0.899977657471 0.907881643742 0.915211253327 0.921100281384 0.92666949604 ... 0.999883732927 0.999901515155 0.999917545064 0.999933248533 0.999947838749 0.999961758161 0.999972801123 0.999983037522 0.999992439893 1.0
3 sampleID Comp1 Comp2 Comp3 Comp4 Comp5 Comp6 Comp7 Comp8 Comp9 ... Comp116 Comp117 Comp118 Comp119 Comp120 Comp121 Comp122 Comp123 Comp124 Comp125
4 a332577 0.097521808139 0.0937277288788 0.0900266523601 0.0965259218793 0.0945804888365 0.0970243534637 0.0935588763484 0.0993381789884 0.0965569665538 ... 0.0851522283248 0.0892410068816 0.0925691207242 0.090868813658 0.0843003172034 0.089551280584 0.087897557946 0.0867912987454 0.0901725818397 0.0767976229222
5 a332581 0.0925972471236 0.0769180431411 0.0892523921678 0.0873247382167 0.0840772828338 0.0982211833779 0.0897438328396 0.0988180185308 0.0690570535319 ... -0.105824086404 0.0799387123105 0.0793653097114 -0.0770423892572 -0.0815753908256 -0.0691608198608 -0.0261685156676 -0.0834444671331 -0.0836050600954 -0.0809092929226
6 a332585 -0.0842646917484 -0.0163160762014 0.0727580492313 0.0153574625405 0.0473210526089 -0.00198109684667 0.027559067809 0.0623598894243 0.0705554691894 ... -0.123524052511 0.104494306589 0.0204372188111 -0.182617444344 -0.0357474982882 -0.0753856867737 -0.182450752028 0.0263266986834 0.0523622199735 -0.133972666153
7 a332589 0.125953213918 -0.000500428164759 -0.0324524891979 -0.000166037762408 -0.020308727673 0.0366006201004 -0.00609119044521 0.164334493569 0.0735971161439 ... 0.00405438104658 -0.00699084676547 -0.14202858728 0.0843406796135 -0.0370635176669 0.129212713823 0.108886295388 0.140488207108 0.0127816140753 0.086256573452
8 a332593 -0.00987884443542 -0.0458308002471 -0.0177607968336 -0.00232401832146 0.00181068726625 0.0610546639988 0.003475539995 0.0350825436376 -0.0488697491487 ... -0.000911134629079 -0.13622522337 -0.19400500508 -0.0174597896632 -0.115094528371 0.128857213084 0.0918907312627 0.0585870813712 0.0542738234461 0.0472667540788
9 a332597 0.0975572099088 0.0516611302958 0.00808207391741 -0.0526941567382 -0.043137639902 -0.141360265669 -0.0772084746394 0.00794485000027 0.0220565512128 ... 0.115730339818 -0.122469254812 -0.0741445842918 -0.144057328623 -0.1922262536 -0.0559079384615 0.0425062596227 -0.031019657583 -0.148447152661 -0.151211451821
10 a332601 -0.0071181944971 0.0364365500257 0.0148542744776 0.0389260086068 0.0225788071505 0.133354052286 0.0729303620746 0.015976292677 -0.0153182692481 ... -0.0681811627125 -0.0203329649516 -0.165970309657 -0.00759995269343 -0.135720065371 -0.0375708505073 0.0156191434192 -0.177459793704 -0.0805637632862 0.0653914455916
11 a332469 0.0168583936741 0.206386616074 0.0185687789467 0.111753612697 0.183315249211 0.000693509794484 0.0764606909483 -0.14944380164 0.065654214809 ... 0.0258997813829 0.0531195075836 -0.0988642094326 -0.09744847633 -0.00819044744779 -0.194646037508 0.272287880905 0.0375006247813 0.145297497604 -0.0996938236729
12 a332477 -0.088322096757 -0.0442915749502 -0.12470171314 -0.0523190292145 -0.0971383594316 -0.095360151645 -0.0379472656499 0.00162585077657 0.0329886018523 ... 0.0389878965312 -0.0652881614255 0.0384956024379 0.0791871602525 0.199709657802 0.0146548645957 0.286320114396 0.0721096580221 0.156812690647 0.0588330596464
13 a332481 0.0742320279415 -0.0423802238123 0.229556206304 -0.0473217052517 0.114612083871 0.0737173701116 0.011287077371 0.0740982072816 0.132113862793 ... 0.134155407775 0.165740692396 0.0363665803603 -0.0468139412186 0.0721866067521 -0.0393094463706 0.0634573550308 0.0426474315871 0.0295950509625 -0.000704188508218
14 a332485 -0.00953714766582 0.132233914256 0.0755473986927 -0.148902311687 0.086649206636 -0.0212718327178 0.0378821324911 0.0194265410814 0.0802343862212 ... 0.0245646546935 -0.0963432883994 0.0347362458302 0.022537384936 -0.100277879901 0.0742210635838 0.00366690156852 -0.0193537599224 0.030928449661 0.21423663871
15 a332489 0.129816895151 -0.0230498208716 -0.0374319404383 -0.00732119401225 -0.114072112204 -0.1129948854 -0.0286444383126 -0.0523398400711 0.0101909017198 ... -0.0221838206525 0.109487590029 -0.0912157179424 -0.0230971950682 -0.00334985674063 -0.0273623884886 0.149763256437 0.0323593744164 -0.0838993171767 0.142841035134
16 a332353 -0.00629550740487 0.1385355548 0.107368352308 -0.0116192186224 0.00301021136985 -0.015781397969 0.0325759896741 0.024631195509 0.0248995042059 ... 0.160408536958 -0.0506390528452 -0.0270449896387 0.15268784277 0.100272193769 -0.112779211699 -0.123984006601 -0.0859694959075 0.0383350290252 0.0174972719958
17 a332361 0.0191632226494 0.108439116166 -0.0326970057723 -0.0413849539146 -0.0781029853741 -0.174336791429 -0.084165964411 0.0846939084963 0.212373249408 ... 0.0964977935266 -0.0635439441131 -0.171674485639 -0.0306240140954 0.0227670282694 -0.120310332411 0.145350867022 -0.004785928199 0.0209769534409 -0.107451910732
18 a332365 -0.0501990781929 0.0927929654532 -0.0129509903173 -0.04030480547 0.018685627236 -0.0174494816496 -0.0255388211402 0.00743595889021 0.0681481940423 ... 0.0787722239492 0.072978116233 0.0223118136912 0.0326750451081 0.0648024966298 0.0231329048054 -0.466009399301 0.0897941570414 -0.0346015109877 0.00254478600026
19 a332369 0.0192635980926 -0.0445983900927 -0.0474386805346 -0.107891947923 -0.0942627221472 -0.109897321436 -0.107319332119 -0.0568359223722 -0.0890299241926 ... -0.0753479220557 -0.0719421189353 -0.0241001902878 0.0412064209403 -0.0732907804857 -0.0722267963945 -0.077889641976 -0.123856560068 0.0664928409605 0.0678719795445
20 a332373 -0.0349733310316 0.0784250235881 0.120471539768 0.092777262677 -0.088796963701 -0.0059851502816 -0.0252933785151 0.0802375930085 -0.00588428464805 ... -0.105970623899 0.0137172697778 0.0714569967995 -0.0792255484496 -0.108831676799 0.091080246056 -0.116978746823 0.0306649468191 -0.0169999224861 0.0146240950224
21 a332241 8.66177560465e-05 0.00383491799395 -0.0563779334842 0.0361142330271 0.0773575751693 -0.00446704394082 0.0213435646318 -0.0632284408298 0.0350556891994 ... -0.19139860295 -0.0473964419117 -0.0404560347746 -0.0672152443113 -0.136685091253 0.101800354606 0.248264999028 0.116637971828 0.0563681474758 -0.124918023955
22 a332245 0.00855776895029 0.00194059815879 0.0393192066341 -0.153482327864 -0.0903535371392 -0.10366073886 -0.167916950088 0.0120527223851 0.114611883877 ... -0.168332324664 0.038745445185 -0.118163491173 -0.0424355908907 -0.211181876618 -0.138408591442 0.00527091471885 0.0282388148287 0.00176684102076 -0.108916882438
23 a332249 0.134964660498 -0.0858911177611 -0.154483870935 0.0367103279984 -0.0101971084139 -0.0461805081312 -0.0420671696409 -0.132176075799 -0.0868191803442 ... -0.0372515329174 0.0683544717755 0.0285737702857 -0.00460487689146 0.00584828349735 -0.0683156194707 0.00254108402629 0.0502458784982 0.00256117230302 0.137088659043
24 a332253 -0.0164702360407 -0.00628354419284 -0.180019164515 0.0466234504822 -0.00307454629998 -0.135764189291 0.0141651220744 -0.0150385116689 -0.0722871841362 ... -0.0624744916827 -0.20788769811 -0.140614731663 -0.165816102041 -0.137987400033 0.0585450039794 -0.0616956553653 -0.100762231742 -0.0824171076685 -0.0949626584561
25 a332257 -0.0212480163197 -0.0487696548145 -0.0279240164973 -0.0513069381083 -0.0881112835793 -0.0275009608424 0.0721884003541 -0.134789083314 -0.00217327271822 ... -0.102155322428 0.0642261540403 0.0372630270912 0.0708433741616 -0.0943530970221 -0.0271742364259 0.0073742092248 -0.174769263691 0.0390805382471 0.0858275545412
26 a332261 0.12906497509 -0.0634841104616 -0.0814609246501 -0.0425497256975 0.0169759717771 -0.00326306646614 0.0872507541188 -0.150349979252 0.0111246713005 ... 0.0702726148657 -0.00226601892273 -0.193216663099 0.06760404011 0.0882572013994 0.0589607117209 -0.44642965763 0.0234552650479 0.132284549458 -0.0877357151192
27 a332265 -0.0880560941557 0.0199449223625 -0.186171463346 0.00746201543961 -0.155462658676 0.00550787890269 0.137979341563 0.00548217845471 0.025475455295 ... 0.0830294792975 -0.183534308449 0.073437898166 0.242878133126 0.102421616882 -0.0240562114289 0.0314931938739 -0.0804138754435 0.0248530207958 -0.0414676347938
28 a332129 0.205444740217 0.148240189915 0.0135810591922 0.0525926744419 0.0825007212506 0.0716643339343 -0.0148499130911 0.0440362669602 0.0501762875771 ... -0.0956061181297 0.036863025108 -0.0130178724539 0.0929451050749 0.0616619850419 0.0492772653988 0.038118893476 -0.0150881217073 0.0419160129906 0.0455106434197
29 a332133 -0.0897854924146 0.00745426196527 0.108450446734 -0.0185780110273 0.143646351383 0.07225249546 0.0194845531811 0.00820116779991 0.0400484020202 ... -0.0815268407677 -0.109234703392 -0.0230709835809 0.0432192551476 -0.0725743767643 0.0658403473975 -0.103614307108 -0.0637243153593 0.0368934293079 0.0392945746226
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
99 a332661 0.0648963809381 0.0162579988374 -0.0662828685855 -0.00337191012377 -0.0138673962897 0.0930161897106 0.0389694912581 0.0546935173368 -0.0110322978513 ... 0.0853448635697 0.0182406992927 0.0231210999196 -0.11702023132 -0.0773991896908 -0.0411301662503 -0.00208434937377 -0.0564309101892 0.1037040772 0.0442558385995
100 a332665 0.171874899991 -0.0986267177186 0.0470856117577 -0.182364565872 0.139236841869 0.112192543068 0.0222725717726 -0.0488643730158 -0.00376546181836 ... 0.160456150576 0.0241442940651 -0.0722582678732 0.0791625757572 -0.124694407068 0.0609181245926 -0.0136355939152 -0.0128584392896 0.041043107599 0.0758705515706
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109 a332565 0.0148268703675 0.0891904205172 0.0259790136373 -0.0300488350816 -0.0667579065609 0.0472200355141 -0.0150691244681 0.00658733944268 -0.0187023157433 ... 0.173144184071 -0.0513179893756 -0.0396101217674 -0.0502746122525 -0.00954783966791 0.0941894914089 0.00405608520418 0.12649667747 0.126527908538 0.0620040147878
110 a332569 0.0672529163542 -0.0545569844829 -0.0312457620683 -0.0732284894151 0.0928398710591 0.0323374746107 -0.0708181557581 0.166938352151 0.0361511528586 ... 0.0501531126377 0.0277497311582 0.00988982627169 -0.12738319091 0.0686502713707 -0.132594534579 -0.0135063599576 -0.106660371522 0.0746173310989 0.196524998563
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129 rows × 126 columns


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