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%matplotlib inline

Use different base estimators for optimization

Sigurd Carlen, September 2019. Reformatted by Holger Nahrstaedt 2020

.. currentmodule:: skopt

To use different base_estimator or create a regressor with different parameters, we can create a regressor object and set it as kernel.

This example uses :class:plots.plot_gaussian_process which is available since version 0.8.



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print(__doc__)

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(1234)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from skopt.plots import plot_gaussian_process
from skopt import Optimizer

Toy example

Let assume the following noisy function $f$:



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noise_level = 0.1

# Our 1D toy problem, this is the function we are trying to
# minimize


def objective(x, noise_level=noise_level):
    return np.sin(5 * x[0]) * (1 - np.tanh(x[0] ** 2))\
           + np.random.randn() * noise_level


def objective_wo_noise(x):
    return objective(x, noise_level=0)



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opt_gp = Optimizer([(-2.0, 2.0)], base_estimator="GP", n_initial_points=5,
                acq_optimizer="sampling", random_state=42)



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def plot_optimizer(res, n_iter, max_iters=5):
    if n_iter == 0:
        show_legend = True
    else:
        show_legend = False
    ax = plt.subplot(max_iters, 2, 2 * n_iter + 1)
    # Plot GP(x) + contours
    ax = plot_gaussian_process(res, ax=ax,
                               objective=objective_wo_noise,
                               noise_level=noise_level,
                               show_legend=show_legend, show_title=True,
                               show_next_point=False, show_acq_func=False)
    ax.set_ylabel("")
    ax.set_xlabel("")
    if n_iter < max_iters - 1:
        ax.get_xaxis().set_ticklabels([])
    # Plot EI(x)
    ax = plt.subplot(max_iters, 2, 2 * n_iter + 2)
    ax = plot_gaussian_process(res, ax=ax,
                               noise_level=noise_level,
                               show_legend=show_legend, show_title=False,
                               show_next_point=True, show_acq_func=True,
                               show_observations=False,
                               show_mu=False)
    ax.set_ylabel("")
    ax.set_xlabel("")
    if n_iter < max_iters - 1:
        ax.get_xaxis().set_ticklabels([])

GP kernel



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fig = plt.figure()
fig.suptitle("Standard GP kernel")
for i in range(10):
    next_x = opt_gp.ask()
    f_val = objective(next_x)
    res = opt_gp.tell(next_x, f_val)
    if i >= 5:
        plot_optimizer(res, n_iter=i-5, max_iters=5)
plt.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0.03, 1, 0.95])
plt.plot()

Test different kernels



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from skopt.learning import GaussianProcessRegressor
from skopt.learning.gaussian_process.kernels import ConstantKernel, Matern
# Gaussian process with Matérn kernel as surrogate model

from sklearn.gaussian_process.kernels import (RBF, Matern, RationalQuadratic,
                                              ExpSineSquared, DotProduct,
                                              ConstantKernel)


kernels = [1.0 * RBF(length_scale=1.0, length_scale_bounds=(1e-1, 10.0)),
           1.0 * RationalQuadratic(length_scale=1.0, alpha=0.1),
           1.0 * ExpSineSquared(length_scale=1.0, periodicity=3.0,
                                length_scale_bounds=(0.1, 10.0),
                                periodicity_bounds=(1.0, 10.0)),
           ConstantKernel(0.1, (0.01, 10.0))
               * (DotProduct(sigma_0=1.0, sigma_0_bounds=(0.1, 10.0)) ** 2),
           1.0 * Matern(length_scale=1.0, length_scale_bounds=(1e-1, 10.0),
                        nu=2.5)]



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for kernel in kernels:
    gpr = GaussianProcessRegressor(kernel=kernel, alpha=noise_level ** 2,
                                   normalize_y=True, noise="gaussian",
                                   n_restarts_optimizer=2
                                   )
    opt = Optimizer([(-2.0, 2.0)], base_estimator=gpr, n_initial_points=5,
                    acq_optimizer="sampling", random_state=42)
    fig = plt.figure()
    fig.suptitle(repr(kernel))
    for i in range(10):
        next_x = opt.ask()
        f_val = objective(next_x)
        res = opt.tell(next_x, f_val)
        if i >= 5:
            plot_optimizer(res, n_iter=i - 5, max_iters=5)
    plt.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0.03, 1, 0.95])
    plt.show()