Language Translation

In this project, you’re going to take a peek into the realm of neural network machine translation. You’ll be training a sequence to sequence model on a dataset of English and French sentences that can translate new sentences from English to French.

Get the Data

Since translating the whole language of English to French will take lots of time to train, we have provided you with a small portion of the English corpus.


In [1]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import helper
import problem_unittests as tests

source_path = 'data/small_vocab_en'
target_path = 'data/small_vocab_fr'
source_text = helper.load_data(source_path)
target_text = helper.load_data(target_path)

Explore the Data

Play around with view_sentence_range to view different parts of the data.


In [2]:
view_sentence_range = (0, 10)

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import numpy as np

print('Dataset Stats')
print('Roughly the number of unique words: {}'.format(len({word: None for word in source_text.split()})))

sentences = source_text.split('\n')
word_counts = [len(sentence.split()) for sentence in sentences]
print('Number of sentences: {}'.format(len(sentences)))
print('Average number of words in a sentence: {}'.format(np.average(word_counts)))

print()
print('English sentences {} to {}:'.format(*view_sentence_range))
print('\n'.join(source_text.split('\n')[view_sentence_range[0]:view_sentence_range[1]]))
print()
print('French sentences {} to {}:'.format(*view_sentence_range))
print('\n'.join(target_text.split('\n')[view_sentence_range[0]:view_sentence_range[1]]))


Dataset Stats
Roughly the number of unique words: 227
Number of sentences: 137861
Average number of words in a sentence: 13.225277634719028

English sentences 0 to 10:
new jersey is sometimes quiet during autumn , and it is snowy in april .
the united states is usually chilly during july , and it is usually freezing in november .
california is usually quiet during march , and it is usually hot in june .
the united states is sometimes mild during june , and it is cold in september .
your least liked fruit is the grape , but my least liked is the apple .
his favorite fruit is the orange , but my favorite is the grape .
paris is relaxing during december , but it is usually chilly in july .
new jersey is busy during spring , and it is never hot in march .
our least liked fruit is the lemon , but my least liked is the grape .
the united states is sometimes busy during january , and it is sometimes warm in november .

French sentences 0 to 10:
new jersey est parfois calme pendant l' automne , et il est neigeux en avril .
les états-unis est généralement froid en juillet , et il gèle habituellement en novembre .
california est généralement calme en mars , et il est généralement chaud en juin .
les états-unis est parfois légère en juin , et il fait froid en septembre .
votre moins aimé fruit est le raisin , mais mon moins aimé est la pomme .
son fruit préféré est l'orange , mais mon préféré est le raisin .
paris est relaxant en décembre , mais il est généralement froid en juillet .
new jersey est occupé au printemps , et il est jamais chaude en mars .
notre fruit est moins aimé le citron , mais mon moins aimé est le raisin .
les états-unis est parfois occupé en janvier , et il est parfois chaud en novembre .

Implement Preprocessing Function

Text to Word Ids

As you did with other RNNs, you must turn the text into a number so the computer can understand it. In the function text_to_ids(), you'll turn source_text and target_text from words to ids. However, you need to add the <EOS> word id at the end of target_text. This will help the neural network predict when the sentence should end.

You can get the <EOS> word id by doing:

target_vocab_to_int['<EOS>']

You can get other word ids using source_vocab_to_int and target_vocab_to_int.


In [3]:
def text_to_ids(source_text, target_text, source_vocab_to_int, target_vocab_to_int):
    """
    Convert source and target text to proper word ids
    :param source_text: String that contains all the source text.
    :param target_text: String that contains all the target text.
    :param source_vocab_to_int: Dictionary to go from the source words to an id
    :param target_vocab_to_int: Dictionary to go from the target words to an id
    :return: A tuple of lists (source_id_text, target_id_text)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    
    source_int = []
    for text in source_text.split('\n'):
        source_int.append([source_vocab_to_int[word] for word in text.split()])
        
    target_int = []
    for text in target_text.split('\n'):
        target_int.append([target_vocab_to_int[word] for word in text.split()])
    for text in target_int:
        text.append(target_vocab_to_int['<EOS>'])
    
    return source_int, target_int

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_text_to_ids(text_to_ids)


Tests Passed

Preprocess all the data and save it

Running the code cell below will preprocess all the data and save it to file.


In [4]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
helper.preprocess_and_save_data(source_path, target_path, text_to_ids)

Check Point

This is your first checkpoint. If you ever decide to come back to this notebook or have to restart the notebook, you can start from here. The preprocessed data has been saved to disk.


In [1]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import numpy as np
import helper
import problem_unittests as tests

(source_int_text, target_int_text), (source_vocab_to_int, target_vocab_to_int), _ = helper.load_preprocess()

Check the Version of TensorFlow and Access to GPU

This will check to make sure you have the correct version of TensorFlow and access to a GPU


In [2]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
from distutils.version import LooseVersion
import warnings
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.layers.core import Dense

# Check TensorFlow Version
assert LooseVersion(tf.__version__) >= LooseVersion('1.1'), 'Please use TensorFlow version 1.1 or newer'
print('TensorFlow Version: {}'.format(tf.__version__))

# Check for a GPU
if not tf.test.gpu_device_name():
    warnings.warn('No GPU found. Please use a GPU to train your neural network.')
else:
    print('Default GPU Device: {}'.format(tf.test.gpu_device_name()))


TensorFlow Version: 1.1.0
Default GPU Device: /gpu:0

Build the Neural Network

You'll build the components necessary to build a Sequence-to-Sequence model by implementing the following functions below:

  • model_inputs
  • process_decoder_input
  • encoding_layer
  • decoding_layer_train
  • decoding_layer_infer
  • decoding_layer
  • seq2seq_model

Input

Implement the model_inputs() function to create TF Placeholders for the Neural Network. It should create the following placeholders:

  • Input text placeholder named "input" using the TF Placeholder name parameter with rank 2.
  • Targets placeholder with rank 2.
  • Learning rate placeholder with rank 0.
  • Keep probability placeholder named "keep_prob" using the TF Placeholder name parameter with rank 0.
  • Target sequence length placeholder named "target_sequence_length" with rank 1
  • Max target sequence length tensor named "max_target_len" getting its value from applying tf.reduce_max on the target_sequence_length placeholder. Rank 0.
  • Source sequence length placeholder named "source_sequence_length" with rank 1

Return the placeholders in the following the tuple (input, targets, learning rate, keep probability, target sequence length, max target sequence length, source sequence length)


In [53]:
def model_inputs():
    """
    Create TF Placeholders for input, targets, learning rate, and lengths of source and target sequences.
    :return: Tuple (input, targets, learning rate, keep probability, target sequence length,
    max target sequence length, source sequence length)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    input_ = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, (None, None), name='input')
    target_ = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, (None, None), name='target')
    lr_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='learning_rate')
    keep_prob_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='keep_prob')
    target_seq_len_ = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, (None,), name='target_sequence_length')
    max_target_len_ = tf.reduce_max(target_seq_len_, name='max_target_len')
    source_seq_len_ = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, (None,), name='source_sequence_length')
    
    return input_, target_, lr_, keep_prob_, target_seq_len_, max_target_len_, source_seq_len_


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_inputs(model_inputs)


Tests Passed

Process Decoder Input

Implement process_decoder_input by removing the last word id from each batch in target_data and concat the GO ID to the begining of each batch.


In [4]:
def process_decoder_input(target_data, target_vocab_to_int, batch_size):
    """
    Preprocess target data for encoding
    :param target_data: Target Placehoder
    :param target_vocab_to_int: Dictionary to go from the target words to an id
    :param batch_size: Batch Size
    :return: Preprocessed target data
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    ending = tf.strided_slice(target_data, [0, 0], [batch_size, -1], [1, 1])
    dec_input = tf.concat([target_vocab_to_int['<GO>'] * tf.ones((batch_size, 1), tf.int32), ending], axis=1)
    
    return dec_input

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_process_encoding_input(process_decoder_input)


Tests Passed

Encoding

Implement encoding_layer() to create a Encoder RNN layer:


In [33]:
from imp import reload
reload(tests)

def encoding_layer(rnn_inputs, rnn_size, num_layers, keep_prob, 
                   source_sequence_length, source_vocab_size, 
                   encoding_embedding_size):
    """
    Create encoding layer
    :param rnn_inputs: Inputs for the RNN
    :param rnn_size: RNN Size
    :param num_layers: Number of layers
    :param keep_prob: Dropout keep probability
    :param source_sequence_length: a list of the lengths of each sequence in the batch
    :param source_vocab_size: vocabulary size of source data
    :param encoding_embedding_size: embedding size of source data
    :return: tuple (RNN output, RNN state)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    encoding_embed_input = tf.contrib.layers.embed_sequence(rnn_inputs, source_vocab_size, encoding_embedding_size)
    
    def make_cell(rnn_size, keep_prob):
        cell = tf.contrib.rnn.LSTMCell(rnn_size, initializer=tf.random_uniform_initializer(-0.1, 0.1, seed=0))
        cell = tf.contrib.rnn.DropoutWrapper(cell, output_keep_prob=keep_prob)
        return cell
        
    cells = tf.contrib.rnn.MultiRNNCell([make_cell(rnn_size, keep_prob) for i in range(num_layers)])
    encoder_output, encoder_state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(
        cells, encoding_embed_input, sequence_length=source_sequence_length, dtype=tf.float32)
    
    return encoder_output, encoder_state

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_encoding_layer(encoding_layer)


Tests Passed

Decoding - Training

Create a training decoding layer:


In [32]:
def decoding_layer_train(encoder_state, dec_cell, dec_embed_input, 
                         target_sequence_length, max_summary_length, 
                         output_layer, keep_prob):
    """
    Create a decoding layer for training
    :param encoder_state: Encoder State
    :param dec_cell: Decoder RNN Cell
    :param dec_embed_input: Decoder embedded input
    :param target_sequence_length: The lengths of each sequence in the target batch
    :param max_summary_length: The length of the longest sequence in the batch
    :param output_layer: Function to apply the output layer
    :param keep_prob: Dropout keep probability
    :return: BasicDecoderOutput containing training logits and sample_id
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    training_helper = tf.contrib.seq2seq.TrainingHelper(inputs=dec_embed_input, 
                                                       sequence_length=target_sequence_length,
                                                       time_major=False)
    training_decoder = tf.contrib.seq2seq.BasicDecoder(dec_cell, training_helper, encoder_state, output_layer)
    final_output, final_state = tf.contrib.seq2seq.dynamic_decode(
        training_decoder, impute_finished=True, maximum_iterations=max_summary_length)
        
        
    return final_output



"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_decoding_layer_train(decoding_layer_train)


Tests Passed

Decoding - Inference

Create inference decoder:


In [31]:
def decoding_layer_infer(encoder_state, dec_cell, dec_embeddings, start_of_sequence_id,
                         end_of_sequence_id, max_target_sequence_length,
                         vocab_size, output_layer, batch_size, keep_prob):
    """
    Create a decoding layer for inference
    :param encoder_state: Encoder state
    :param dec_cell: Decoder RNN Cell
    :param dec_embeddings: Decoder embeddings
    :param start_of_sequence_id: GO ID
    :param end_of_sequence_id: EOS Id
    :param max_target_sequence_length: Maximum length of target sequences
    :param vocab_size: Size of decoder/target vocabulary
    :param decoding_scope: TenorFlow Variable Scope for decoding
    :param output_layer: Function to apply the output layer
    :param batch_size: Batch size
    :param keep_prob: Dropout keep probability
    :return: BasicDecoderOutput containing inference logits and sample_id
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    start_tokens = start_of_sequence_id * tf.ones((batch_size), tf.int32)
    start_tokens = tf.identity(start_tokens, name='start_tokens')

    inference_helper = tf.contrib.seq2seq.GreedyEmbeddingHelper(
        dec_embeddings, start_tokens, end_of_sequence_id)

    inference_decoder = tf.contrib.seq2seq.BasicDecoder(dec_cell, inference_helper, encoder_state, output_layer)

    final_output, final_state = tf.contrib.seq2seq.dynamic_decode(
        inference_decoder, impute_finished=True, maximum_iterations=max_target_sequence_length)
        
        
    return final_output



"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_decoding_layer_infer(decoding_layer_infer)


Tests Passed

Build the Decoding Layer

Implement decoding_layer() to create a Decoder RNN layer.

  • Embed the target sequences
  • Construct the decoder LSTM cell (just like you constructed the encoder cell above)
  • Create an output layer to map the outputs of the decoder to the elements of our vocabulary
  • Use the your decoding_layer_train(encoder_state, dec_cell, dec_embed_input, target_sequence_length, max_target_sequence_length, output_layer, keep_prob) function to get the training logits.
  • Use your decoding_layer_infer(encoder_state, dec_cell, dec_embeddings, start_of_sequence_id, end_of_sequence_id, max_target_sequence_length, vocab_size, output_layer, batch_size, keep_prob) function to get the inference logits.

Note: You'll need to use tf.variable_scope to share variables between training and inference.


In [43]:
def decoding_layer(dec_input, encoder_state,
                   target_sequence_length, max_target_sequence_length,
                   rnn_size,
                   num_layers, target_vocab_to_int, target_vocab_size,
                   batch_size, keep_prob, decoding_embedding_size):
    """
    Create decoding layer
    :param dec_input: Decoder input
    :param encoder_state: Encoder state
    :param target_sequence_length: The lengths of each sequence in the target batch
    :param max_target_sequence_length: Maximum length of target sequences
    :param rnn_size: RNN Size
    :param num_layers: Number of layers
    :param target_vocab_to_int: Dictionary to go from the target words to an id
    :param target_vocab_size: Size of target vocabulary
    :param batch_size: The size of the batch
    :param keep_prob: Dropout keep probability
    :param decoding_embedding_size: Decoding embedding size
    :return: Tuple of (Training BasicDecoderOutput, Inference BasicDecoderOutput)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    # Decoder embedding
    dec_embeddings = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([target_vocab_size, decoding_embedding_size]))
    dec_embed_input = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(dec_embeddings, dec_input)
    
    # Construct the decoding cell
    def make_cell(rnn_size, keep_prob):
        cell = tf.contrib.rnn.LSTMCell(rnn_size, initializer=tf.random_uniform_initializer(-0.1, 0.1, seed=0))
        cell = tf.contrib.rnn.DropoutWrapper(cell, output_keep_prob=keep_prob)
        
        return cell
    
    dec_cell = tf.contrib.rnn.MultiRNNCell([make_cell(rnn_size, keep_prob) for i in range(num_layers)])
    
    output_layer = Dense(target_vocab_size, 
                          kernel_initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(mean=0.0, stddev=0.1))
    
    with tf.variable_scope('decoder'):
        training_decoder_output = decoding_layer_train(encoder_state, 
                                                       dec_cell, 
                                                       dec_embed_input, 
                                                       target_sequence_length, 
                                                       max_target_sequence_length, 
                                                       output_layer, 
                                                       keep_prob)
    
    with tf.variable_scope('decoder', reuse=True):
        start_of_sequence_id = target_vocab_to_int['<GO>']
        end_of_sequence_id = target_vocab_to_int['<EOS>']
        vocab_size = target_vocab_size
        inference_decoder_output =  decoding_layer_infer(encoder_state, 
                                                         dec_cell, 
                                                         dec_embeddings, 
                                                         start_of_sequence_id, 
                                                         end_of_sequence_id, 
                                                         max_target_sequence_length, 
                                                         vocab_size, 
                                                         output_layer, 
                                                         batch_size, 
                                                         keep_prob)

    
    return training_decoder_output, inference_decoder_output



"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_decoding_layer(decoding_layer)


Tests Passed

Build the Neural Network

Apply the functions you implemented above to:

  • Encode the input using your encoding_layer(rnn_inputs, rnn_size, num_layers, keep_prob, source_sequence_length, source_vocab_size, encoding_embedding_size).
  • Process target data using your process_decoder_input(target_data, target_vocab_to_int, batch_size) function.
  • Decode the encoded input using your decoding_layer(dec_input, enc_state, target_sequence_length, max_target_sentence_length, rnn_size, num_layers, target_vocab_to_int, target_vocab_size, batch_size, keep_prob, dec_embedding_size) function.

In [45]:
def seq2seq_model(input_data, target_data, keep_prob, batch_size,
                  source_sequence_length, target_sequence_length,
                  max_target_sentence_length,
                  source_vocab_size, target_vocab_size,
                  enc_embedding_size, dec_embedding_size,
                  rnn_size, num_layers, target_vocab_to_int):
    """
    Build the Sequence-to-Sequence part of the neural network
    :param input_data: Input placeholder
    :param target_data: Target placeholder
    :param keep_prob: Dropout keep probability placeholder
    :param batch_size: Batch Size
    :param source_sequence_length: Sequence Lengths of source sequences in the batch
    :param target_sequence_length: Sequence Lengths of target sequences in the batch
    :param source_vocab_size: Source vocabulary size
    :param target_vocab_size: Target vocabulary size
    :param enc_embedding_size: Decoder embedding size
    :param dec_embedding_size: Encoder embedding size
    :param rnn_size: RNN Size
    :param num_layers: Number of layers
    :param target_vocab_to_int: Dictionary to go from the target words to an id
    :return: Tuple of (Training BasicDecoderOutput, Inference BasicDecoderOutput)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    _, encoder_state = encoding_layer(input_data, 
                                      rnn_size, 
                                      num_layers, 
                                      keep_prob,  
                                      source_sequence_length, 
                                      source_vocab_size, 
                                      enc_embedding_size)
    
    dec_input = process_decoder_input(target_data, target_vocab_to_int, batch_size)
    
    training_decoder_output, inference_decoder_output = decoding_layer(dec_input, 
                                                                       encoder_state, 
                                                                       target_sequence_length, 
                                                                       max_target_sentence_length, 
                                                                       rnn_size, 
                                                                       num_layers, 
                                                                       target_vocab_to_int, 
                                                                       target_vocab_size, 
                                                                       batch_size, 
                                                                       keep_prob, 
                                                                       dec_embedding_size)
    
    return training_decoder_output, inference_decoder_output


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_seq2seq_model(seq2seq_model)


Tests Passed

Neural Network Training

Hyperparameters

Tune the following parameters:

  • Set epochs to the number of epochs.
  • Set batch_size to the batch size.
  • Set rnn_size to the size of the RNNs.
  • Set num_layers to the number of layers.
  • Set encoding_embedding_size to the size of the embedding for the encoder.
  • Set decoding_embedding_size to the size of the embedding for the decoder.
  • Set learning_rate to the learning rate.
  • Set keep_probability to the Dropout keep probability
  • Set display_step to state how many steps between each debug output statement

In [46]:
# Number of Epochs
epochs = 2
# Batch Size
batch_size = 32
# RNN Size
rnn_size = 256
# Number of Layers
num_layers = 2
# Embedding Size
encoding_embedding_size = 256
decoding_embedding_size = 256
# Learning Rate
learning_rate = 0.001
# Dropout Keep Probability
keep_probability = 0.8
display_step = 100

Build the Graph

Build the graph using the neural network you implemented.


In [54]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
save_path = 'checkpoints/dev'
(source_int_text, target_int_text), (source_vocab_to_int, target_vocab_to_int), _ = helper.load_preprocess()
max_target_sentence_length = max([len(sentence) for sentence in source_int_text])

train_graph = tf.Graph()
with train_graph.as_default():
    input_data, targets, lr, keep_prob, target_sequence_length, max_target_sequence_length, source_sequence_length = model_inputs()

    #sequence_length = tf.placeholder_with_default(max_target_sentence_length, None, name='sequence_length')
    input_shape = tf.shape(input_data)

    train_logits, inference_logits = seq2seq_model(tf.reverse(input_data, [-1]),
                                                   targets,
                                                   keep_prob,
                                                   batch_size,
                                                   source_sequence_length,
                                                   target_sequence_length,
                                                   max_target_sequence_length,
                                                   len(source_vocab_to_int),
                                                   len(target_vocab_to_int),
                                                   encoding_embedding_size,
                                                   decoding_embedding_size,
                                                   rnn_size,
                                                   num_layers,
                                                   target_vocab_to_int)


    training_logits = tf.identity(train_logits.rnn_output, name='logits')
    inference_logits = tf.identity(inference_logits.sample_id, name='predictions')

    masks = tf.sequence_mask(target_sequence_length, max_target_sequence_length, dtype=tf.float32, name='masks')

    with tf.name_scope("optimization"):
        # Loss function
        cost = tf.contrib.seq2seq.sequence_loss(
            training_logits,
            targets,
            masks)

        # Optimizer
        optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(lr)

        # Gradient Clipping
        gradients = optimizer.compute_gradients(cost)
        capped_gradients = [(tf.clip_by_value(grad, -1., 1.), var) for grad, var in gradients if grad is not None]
        train_op = optimizer.apply_gradients(capped_gradients)

Batch and pad the source and target sequences


In [55]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
def pad_sentence_batch(sentence_batch, pad_int):
    """Pad sentences with <PAD> so that each sentence of a batch has the same length"""
    max_sentence = max([len(sentence) for sentence in sentence_batch])
    return [sentence + [pad_int] * (max_sentence - len(sentence)) for sentence in sentence_batch]


def get_batches(sources, targets, batch_size, source_pad_int, target_pad_int):
    """Batch targets, sources, and the lengths of their sentences together"""
    for batch_i in range(0, len(sources)//batch_size):
        start_i = batch_i * batch_size

        # Slice the right amount for the batch
        sources_batch = sources[start_i:start_i + batch_size]
        targets_batch = targets[start_i:start_i + batch_size]

        # Pad
        pad_sources_batch = np.array(pad_sentence_batch(sources_batch, source_pad_int))
        pad_targets_batch = np.array(pad_sentence_batch(targets_batch, target_pad_int))

        # Need the lengths for the _lengths parameters
        pad_targets_lengths = []
        for target in pad_targets_batch:
            pad_targets_lengths.append(len(target))

        pad_source_lengths = []
        for source in pad_sources_batch:
            pad_source_lengths.append(len(source))

        yield pad_sources_batch, pad_targets_batch, pad_source_lengths, pad_targets_lengths

Train

Train the neural network on the preprocessed data. If you have a hard time getting a good loss, check the forms to see if anyone is having the same problem.


In [56]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
def get_accuracy(target, logits):
    """
    Calculate accuracy
    """
    max_seq = max(target.shape[1], logits.shape[1])
    if max_seq - target.shape[1]:
        target = np.pad(
            target,
            [(0,0),(0,max_seq - target.shape[1])],
            'constant')
    if max_seq - logits.shape[1]:
        logits = np.pad(
            logits,
            [(0,0),(0,max_seq - logits.shape[1])],
            'constant')

    return np.mean(np.equal(target, logits))

# Split data to training and validation sets
train_source = source_int_text[batch_size:]
train_target = target_int_text[batch_size:]
valid_source = source_int_text[:batch_size]
valid_target = target_int_text[:batch_size]
(valid_sources_batch, valid_targets_batch, valid_sources_lengths, valid_targets_lengths ) = next(get_batches(valid_source,
                                                                                                             valid_target,
                                                                                                             batch_size,
                                                                                                             source_vocab_to_int['<PAD>'],
                                                                                                             target_vocab_to_int['<PAD>']))                                                                                                  
with tf.Session(graph=train_graph) as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    for epoch_i in range(epochs):
        for batch_i, (source_batch, target_batch, sources_lengths, targets_lengths) in enumerate(
                get_batches(train_source, train_target, batch_size,
                            source_vocab_to_int['<PAD>'],
                            target_vocab_to_int['<PAD>'])):

            _, loss = sess.run(
                [train_op, cost],
                {input_data: source_batch,
                 targets: target_batch,
                 lr: learning_rate,
                 target_sequence_length: targets_lengths,
                 source_sequence_length: sources_lengths,
                 keep_prob: keep_probability})


            if batch_i % display_step == 0 and batch_i > 0:


                batch_train_logits = sess.run(
                    inference_logits,
                    {input_data: source_batch,
                     source_sequence_length: sources_lengths,
                     target_sequence_length: targets_lengths,
                     keep_prob: 1.0})


                batch_valid_logits = sess.run(
                    inference_logits,
                    {input_data: valid_sources_batch,
                     source_sequence_length: valid_sources_lengths,
                     target_sequence_length: valid_targets_lengths,
                     keep_prob: 1.0})

                train_acc = get_accuracy(target_batch, batch_train_logits)

                valid_acc = get_accuracy(valid_targets_batch, batch_valid_logits)

                print('Epoch {:>3} Batch {:>4}/{} - Train Accuracy: {:>6.4f}, Validation Accuracy: {:>6.4f}, Loss: {:>6.4f}'
                      .format(epoch_i, batch_i, len(source_int_text) // batch_size, train_acc, valid_acc, loss))

    # Save Model
    saver = tf.train.Saver()
    saver.save(sess, save_path)
    print('Model Trained and Saved')


Epoch   0 Batch  100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.4507, Validation Accuracy: 0.3536, Loss: 1.8582
Epoch   0 Batch  200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.4940, Validation Accuracy: 0.4342, Loss: 1.0774
Epoch   0 Batch  300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.4635, Validation Accuracy: 0.4704, Loss: 1.0046
Epoch   0 Batch  400/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.5493, Validation Accuracy: 0.5066, Loss: 0.9128
Epoch   0 Batch  500/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.5469, Validation Accuracy: 0.5592, Loss: 0.7057
Epoch   0 Batch  600/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.6203, Validation Accuracy: 0.5625, Loss: 0.5686
Epoch   0 Batch  700/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.7219, Validation Accuracy: 0.5477, Loss: 0.5477
Epoch   0 Batch  800/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.7000, Validation Accuracy: 0.5707, Loss: 0.4668
Epoch   0 Batch  900/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.6859, Validation Accuracy: 0.6069, Loss: 0.4899
Epoch   0 Batch 1000/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.7681, Validation Accuracy: 0.6168, Loss: 0.4338
Epoch   0 Batch 1100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.7688, Validation Accuracy: 0.6349, Loss: 0.3482
Epoch   0 Batch 1200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.7594, Validation Accuracy: 0.7829, Loss: 0.4329
Epoch   0 Batch 1300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8059, Validation Accuracy: 0.6349, Loss: 0.2695
Epoch   0 Batch 1400/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.7500, Validation Accuracy: 0.7549, Loss: 0.2707
Epoch   0 Batch 1500/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8125, Validation Accuracy: 0.7138, Loss: 0.2176
Epoch   0 Batch 1600/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8109, Validation Accuracy: 0.8191, Loss: 0.2052
Epoch   0 Batch 1700/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8816, Validation Accuracy: 0.8076, Loss: 0.2194
Epoch   0 Batch 1800/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8406, Validation Accuracy: 0.8931, Loss: 0.1390
Epoch   0 Batch 1900/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8703, Validation Accuracy: 0.9128, Loss: 0.1189
Epoch   0 Batch 2000/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8882, Validation Accuracy: 0.8750, Loss: 0.1178
Epoch   0 Batch 2100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9276, Validation Accuracy: 0.9243, Loss: 0.0889
Epoch   0 Batch 2200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8322, Validation Accuracy: 0.9194, Loss: 0.1226
Epoch   0 Batch 2300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8832, Validation Accuracy: 0.8503, Loss: 0.1406
Epoch   0 Batch 2400/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9328, Validation Accuracy: 0.8569, Loss: 0.0632
Epoch   0 Batch 2500/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9340, Validation Accuracy: 0.8651, Loss: 0.0812
Epoch   0 Batch 2600/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9516, Validation Accuracy: 0.8750, Loss: 0.0503
Epoch   0 Batch 2700/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8953, Validation Accuracy: 0.9161, Loss: 0.0780
Epoch   0 Batch 2800/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9276, Validation Accuracy: 0.8421, Loss: 0.0681
Epoch   0 Batch 2900/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9132, Validation Accuracy: 0.9490, Loss: 0.0986
Epoch   0 Batch 3000/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9375, Validation Accuracy: 0.9572, Loss: 0.0638
Epoch   0 Batch 3100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9474, Validation Accuracy: 0.9391, Loss: 0.0496
Epoch   0 Batch 3200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9359, Validation Accuracy: 0.9441, Loss: 0.0803
Epoch   0 Batch 3300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9424, Validation Accuracy: 0.9786, Loss: 0.0415
Epoch   0 Batch 3400/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9125, Validation Accuracy: 0.9951, Loss: 0.0528
Epoch   0 Batch 3500/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9000, Validation Accuracy: 0.9720, Loss: 0.0856
Epoch   0 Batch 3600/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9688, Validation Accuracy: 0.9572, Loss: 0.0661
Epoch   0 Batch 3700/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9079, Validation Accuracy: 0.9704, Loss: 0.0405
Epoch   0 Batch 3800/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9819, Validation Accuracy: 0.9967, Loss: 0.0299
Epoch   0 Batch 3900/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9671, Validation Accuracy: 0.9688, Loss: 0.0439
Epoch   0 Batch 4000/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9410, Validation Accuracy: 0.9375, Loss: 0.0349
Epoch   0 Batch 4100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9641, Validation Accuracy: 0.9359, Loss: 0.0492
Epoch   0 Batch 4200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9750, Validation Accuracy: 0.9507, Loss: 0.0338
Epoch   0 Batch 4300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9734, Validation Accuracy: 0.9770, Loss: 0.0550
Epoch   1 Batch  100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8931, Validation Accuracy: 0.9013, Loss: 0.0414
Epoch   1 Batch  200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9866, Validation Accuracy: 0.9951, Loss: 0.0208
Epoch   1 Batch  300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9427, Validation Accuracy: 0.9572, Loss: 0.0372
Epoch   1 Batch  400/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9507, Validation Accuracy: 0.9457, Loss: 0.0533
Epoch   1 Batch  500/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9516, Validation Accuracy: 0.9507, Loss: 0.0517
Epoch   1 Batch  600/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9297, Validation Accuracy: 0.9967, Loss: 0.0249
Epoch   1 Batch  700/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9766, Validation Accuracy: 0.9441, Loss: 0.0217
Epoch   1 Batch  800/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9781, Validation Accuracy: 0.9704, Loss: 0.0155
Epoch   1 Batch  900/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9688, Validation Accuracy: 0.9128, Loss: 0.0265
Epoch   1 Batch 1000/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9441, Validation Accuracy: 0.9753, Loss: 0.0257
Epoch   1 Batch 1100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9984, Validation Accuracy: 0.9490, Loss: 0.0155
Epoch   1 Batch 1200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9484, Validation Accuracy: 0.9309, Loss: 0.0498
Epoch   1 Batch 1300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9457, Validation Accuracy: 0.9967, Loss: 0.0173
Epoch   1 Batch 1400/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9951, Validation Accuracy: 0.9539, Loss: 0.0342
Epoch   1 Batch 1500/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9250, Validation Accuracy: 0.9753, Loss: 0.0354
Epoch   1 Batch 1600/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9770, Validation Accuracy: 0.9737, Loss: 0.0441
Epoch   1 Batch 1700/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9474, Validation Accuracy: 0.9556, Loss: 0.0721
Epoch   1 Batch 1800/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9563, Validation Accuracy: 0.9737, Loss: 0.0296
Epoch   1 Batch 1900/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9391, Validation Accuracy: 0.9984, Loss: 0.0318
Epoch   1 Batch 2000/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9786, Validation Accuracy: 0.9720, Loss: 0.0290
Epoch   1 Batch 2100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9786, Validation Accuracy: 0.9770, Loss: 0.0238
Epoch   1 Batch 2200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8914, Validation Accuracy: 0.9770, Loss: 0.0558
Epoch   1 Batch 2300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.8914, Validation Accuracy: 0.9260, Loss: 0.0614
Epoch   1 Batch 2400/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9844, Validation Accuracy: 0.9786, Loss: 0.0132
Epoch   1 Batch 2500/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9705, Validation Accuracy: 0.9704, Loss: 0.0228
Epoch   1 Batch 2600/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9891, Validation Accuracy: 0.9901, Loss: 0.0226
Epoch   1 Batch 2700/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9234, Validation Accuracy: 0.9342, Loss: 0.0367
Epoch   1 Batch 2800/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9770, Validation Accuracy: 0.9688, Loss: 0.0163
Epoch   1 Batch 2900/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9774, Validation Accuracy: 0.9309, Loss: 0.0416
Epoch   1 Batch 3000/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9969, Validation Accuracy: 0.9556, Loss: 0.0227
Epoch   1 Batch 3100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9589, Validation Accuracy: 0.9984, Loss: 0.0342
Epoch   1 Batch 3200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9781, Validation Accuracy: 0.9720, Loss: 0.0278
Epoch   1 Batch 3300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9671, Validation Accuracy: 0.9589, Loss: 0.0185
Epoch   1 Batch 3400/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9344, Validation Accuracy: 0.9753, Loss: 0.0203
Epoch   1 Batch 3500/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9313, Validation Accuracy: 0.9688, Loss: 0.0544
Epoch   1 Batch 3600/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9770, Validation Accuracy: 0.9293, Loss: 0.0240
Epoch   1 Batch 3700/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9326, Validation Accuracy: 0.9539, Loss: 0.0317
Epoch   1 Batch 3800/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9836, Validation Accuracy: 0.9753, Loss: 0.0235
Epoch   1 Batch 3900/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9753, Validation Accuracy: 0.9786, Loss: 0.0130
Epoch   1 Batch 4000/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9462, Validation Accuracy: 0.9539, Loss: 0.0333
Epoch   1 Batch 4100/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9797, Validation Accuracy: 0.9770, Loss: 0.0321
Epoch   1 Batch 4200/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9516, Validation Accuracy: 0.9753, Loss: 0.0223
Epoch   1 Batch 4300/4308 - Train Accuracy: 0.9906, Validation Accuracy: 0.9786, Loss: 0.0345
Model Trained and Saved

Save Parameters

Save the batch_size and save_path parameters for inference.


In [57]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
# Save parameters for checkpoint
helper.save_params(save_path)

Checkpoint


In [58]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import helper
import problem_unittests as tests

_, (source_vocab_to_int, target_vocab_to_int), (source_int_to_vocab, target_int_to_vocab) = helper.load_preprocess()
load_path = helper.load_params()

Sentence to Sequence

To feed a sentence into the model for translation, you first need to preprocess it. Implement the function sentence_to_seq() to preprocess new sentences.

  • Convert the sentence to lowercase
  • Convert words into ids using vocab_to_int
    • Convert words not in the vocabulary, to the <UNK> word id.

In [61]:
def sentence_to_seq(sentence, vocab_to_int):
    """
    Convert a sentence to a sequence of ids
    :param sentence: String
    :param vocab_to_int: Dictionary to go from the words to an id
    :return: List of word ids
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    sentence = sentence.lower()
    unknow = vocab_to_int['<UNK>']
    sentence = [vocab_to_int.get(word, unknow) for word in sentence.split()]
    return sentence


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_sentence_to_seq(sentence_to_seq)


Tests Passed

Translate

This will translate translate_sentence from English to French.


In [62]:
translate_sentence = 'he saw a old yellow truck .'


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
translate_sentence = sentence_to_seq(translate_sentence, source_vocab_to_int)

loaded_graph = tf.Graph()
with tf.Session(graph=loaded_graph) as sess:
    # Load saved model
    loader = tf.train.import_meta_graph(load_path + '.meta')
    loader.restore(sess, load_path)

    input_data = loaded_graph.get_tensor_by_name('input:0')
    logits = loaded_graph.get_tensor_by_name('predictions:0')
    target_sequence_length = loaded_graph.get_tensor_by_name('target_sequence_length:0')
    source_sequence_length = loaded_graph.get_tensor_by_name('source_sequence_length:0')
    keep_prob = loaded_graph.get_tensor_by_name('keep_prob:0')

    translate_logits = sess.run(logits, {input_data: [translate_sentence]*batch_size,
                                         target_sequence_length: [len(translate_sentence)*2]*batch_size,
                                         source_sequence_length: [len(translate_sentence)]*batch_size,
                                         keep_prob: 1.0})[0]

print('Input')
print('  Word Ids:      {}'.format([i for i in translate_sentence]))
print('  English Words: {}'.format([source_int_to_vocab[i] for i in translate_sentence]))

print('\nPrediction')
print('  Word Ids:      {}'.format([i for i in translate_logits]))
print('  French Words: {}'.format(" ".join([target_int_to_vocab[i] for i in translate_logits])))


INFO:tensorflow:Restoring parameters from checkpoints/dev
Input
  Word Ids:      [149, 153, 75, 146, 97, 182, 6]
  English Words: ['he', 'saw', 'a', 'old', 'yellow', 'truck', '.']

Prediction
  Word Ids:      [43, 24, 23, 210, 214, 122, 329, 92, 1]
  French Words: il a vu un vieux camion jaune . <EOS>

Imperfect Translation

You might notice that some sentences translate better than others. Since the dataset you're using only has a vocabulary of 227 English words of the thousands that you use, you're only going to see good results using these words. For this project, you don't need a perfect translation. However, if you want to create a better translation model, you'll need better data.

You can train on the WMT10 French-English corpus. This dataset has more vocabulary and richer in topics discussed. However, this will take you days to train, so make sure you've a GPU and the neural network is performing well on dataset we provided. Just make sure you play with the WMT10 corpus after you've submitted this project.

Submitting This Project

When submitting this project, make sure to run all the cells before saving the notebook. Save the notebook file as "dlnd_language_translation.ipynb" and save it as a HTML file under "File" -> "Download as". Include the "helper.py" and "problem_unittests.py" files in your submission.