ionize Examples



In [1]:

    
import seaborn as sns
import ionize
import numpy
import math
import cProfile

Response to Acid and base Insults

Make a buffer. Titrate the buffer with a new ion at a new concentration. Measure the pH of the resulting buffer.



In [2]:

    
n = 30
pKa_list = numpy.linspace(3, 13, n)
c_insult_list = numpy.linspace(-.2, .2, n)
tris = ionize.load_ion('tris')
chloride = ionize.load_ion('hydrochloric acid')

buffer = ionize.Solution([tris, chloride], [0.1, 0.05])



In [3]:

    
pH = numpy.zeros([n, n])

for i, pKa in enumerate(pKa_list):
    for j, c_insult in enumerate(c_insult_list):
        insult = ionize.Ion('insult', [int(math.copysign(1, c_insult))], [pKa], [math.copysign(20e-9, c_insult)])
        new_buffer = buffer + ionize.Solution([insult], [abs(c_insult)])
        pH[j,i] = new_buffer.pH



In [4]:

    
levels = linspace(2.5, 13.5, 24)
f = contourf(pKa_list, c_insult_list, pH, cmap=plt.get_cmap('bwr'), levels=levels)
contour(pKa_list, c_insult_list, pH, colors='k', levels=levels)
colorbar(f)
xlabel('insult pKa')
ylabel('input concentration (M) * z')
title('pH after ion insult')
show()

Blood Composition

Calculate the properties of human blood.



In [5]:

    
carbonic = ionize.load_ion('carbonic acid')
calcium = ionize.load_ion('calcium')
magnesium = ionize.load_ion('magnesium')
phosphorus = ionize.load_ion('phosphoric acid')
potassium = ionize.load_ion('potassium')
sodium = ionize.load_ion('sodium')



In [6]:

    
ions = [carbonic, calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium]
concentrations = [0.030, 0.0045/2, 0.106, 0.0015/2, 0.0023, 0.0035, 0.132]
blood = ionize.Solution(ions, concentrations, T=37)
print blood
print 'Conductivity:', blood.conductivity(), 'S/m'









    



Solution object -- pH = 7.43012889325, I = 0.147749519112 M
Conductivity: 1.45119763853 S/m






    



ionize/Ion/correct_pKa.py:20: UserWarning: No data available to correct pKa for temperature.
  warnings.warn('No data available to correct pKa for temperature.')

Titration Purmutations

Iterate over the ionize database. Titrate every ion with every other ion to attempt to make a buffer. Plot the pH of every buffer pair.



In [7]:

    
def find_buffer(n):
    database = ionize.get_db()
    print len(database.keys()), 'ions in database.'
    pH = []
    capacity = []
    c1 = 0.1
    c2 = 0.05

    for ion_name_1 in database.keys()[0:n]:
        ion_1 = ionize.load_ion(ion_name_1)
        for ion_name_2 in database.keys()[0:n]:
            ion_2 = ionize.load_ion(ion_name_2)
            sol = ionize.Solution([ion_1, ion_2], [c1, c2])
            pH.append(sol.pH)
            capacity.append(sol.buffering_capacity())
    database.close()
    return capacity, pH



In [15]:

    
capacity, pH = find_buffer(580)









    



508 ions in database.



In [9]:

    
# n = 10
# cProfile.run('capacity, pH = find_buffer(n)')



In [27]:

    
plot(capacity, pH, '.k', alpha=0.2, markersize=3)
xlabel('buffering capacity (M)')
ylabel('pH')
xscale('log')
show()