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#Import libraries
import sys, os, glob, time, datetime, urllib
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import geopandas
import netCDF4


    

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#Set filename locations
countyFN = '../Data/cb_2016_us_county_5m.shp'
tidyFN = '../Data/SupplyTableTidy.csv'
outputFN = '../Data/SupplyTable.csv'


    

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#Function for geocoding FIPS using geopandas
def addFIPS(df,countyFN):
    '''This function uses geopandas to convert lat/lon columns into a point object and then
       spatially join this point object with a shapefile of counties to extract the FIPS code
       for each location in the dataframe.
    '''
    #Import modules; NOTE this function requires geopandas and shapely
    import geopandas as gpd
    from geopandas import GeoDataFrame, read_file
    from geopandas.tools import sjoin
    from shapely.geometry import Point, mapping, shape
    
    #Add a geometry field to the data frame, setting the value as a new Shapely point object
    df['geometry'] = df.apply(lambda z: Point(z.LON, z.LAT), axis=1)
    
    #Create a geopandas dataframe from the dataframe created above
    gdfPoints = gpd.GeoDataFrame(df)
    
    #Create a geopandas dataframe from the counties file
    gdfPolygons = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_file(countyFN)
    
    #Set the coordinate system of the points equal to the polygons
    gdfPoints.crs = gdfPolygons.crs
    
    #Execute the spatial join of polygon attributes to the point objects
    dfMerged=sjoin(gdfPoints, gdfPolygons, how='left', op='within')
    
    #Compute total area from the area of land and water
    dfMerged['Area'] = dfMerged.ALAND + dfMerged.AWATER
    
    #Drop unneeded columns
    dfMerged.drop(['geometry','index_right','ALAND','AWATER','AFFGEOID','COUNTYFP','COUNTYNS','LSAD'],axis=1,inplace=True)
    
    #Drop rows with no data (usually falling outside the US)
    dfMerged.dropna(inplace=True)
    
    #Return the merged dataframe
    return dfMerged


    

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#Function for pulling in netCDF4 format and converting to a dataframe
def getSupplyData(year):
    '''This function pulls the runoff, precipitation, evaptotranpiration, and 
       soil moisture content data from the CMIP5 data ftp server as individual 
       NetCDF4 (nc) files. Each nc file stores monthly values (n=12) across a
       1/8th degree geographic grid (463 x 222). Monthly values are summed to 
       create a data frame ('dfParam') where columns represent longitude, rows 
       represent latitude, and the value is the parameter (runoff, precip, etc) 
       in mm/year. This data frame, in turn, is melted to generate a new data 
       frame ('df') listing lat/long pairs and the parameter value associated 
       at that location. 
       
       After each parameter data frame is created, they are joined together
       to create a listing of lat/long pairs, followed by mm/year of runoff, 
       precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisutre content, respectively
       for the year submitted when calling the function.
    '''
    
    #Get URLs for NCAR 2.6 scenario ensembles: runoff(ro), precipitation(pr), evapotranspiration(et), soil moisture (sm)
    baseURL = 'ftp://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/pub/dcp/archive/cmip5/hydro/BCSD_mon_VIC_nc/ccsm4_rcp26_r1i1p1/'
    baseURL2 = 'ftp://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/pub/dcp/archive/cmip5/hydro/BCSD_mon_forc_nc/ccsm4_rcp26_r1i1p1/' #(for precip)
    roURL = baseURL + "conus_c5.ccsm4_rcp26_r1i1p1.monthly.total_runoff.{}.nc".format(year)
    prURL = baseURL2 + "conus_c5.ccsm4_rcp26_r1i1p1.monthly.pr.{}.nc".format(year)
    etURL = baseURL + "conus_c5.ccsm4_rcp26_r1i1p1.monthly.et.{}.nc".format(year)
    smURL = baseURL + "conus_c5.ccsm4_rcp26_r1i1p1.monthly.smc.{}.nc".format(year)
    
    #Save as a dictionary (for clearer scripting)
    paramDict = {'runoff': roURL, 'precip': prURL, 'et':etURL, 'soil':smURL}

    #These lines fix an issue with slow network connections
    import socket
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)

    #Loop through each file and create an annual sum array; add it to a dictionary
    for param, url in paramDict.items():
        print "->Downloading {} data for year {}".format(param, year),
        
        #Retrieve the data file from the ftp server
        urllib.urlretrieve(url,"tmpData.nc")
        
        #Convert to netCDF object
        nc = netCDF4.Dataset("tmpData.nc",mode='r')
        
        #Get the parameter name and its values
        param_name = nc.variables.keys()[-1]
        param_vals = nc.variables.values()[-1]
        
        #Collapse the monthly values into a single 3d data frame
        dfParam = pd.DataFrame(param_vals[:,:,:].sum(axis=0))
        
        #Create latitude and longitude arrays (for the first element only)
        if url == roURL:
            dfLats = pd.DataFrame(nc.variables['latitude'][:])
            dfLons = pd.DataFrame(nc.variables['longitude'][:])
            
        #Close the nc object
        nc.close()
        
        #Delete the nc file
        os.remove("tmpData.nc")
        
        #Update
        urllib.urlcleanup()
        print "  ...**complete!**"

        #Melt the data into a 3 column, 2d data frame
        '''At this point, the dfParam data frame contains columns for each 1/8d longitude
           and rows for each 1/8d of latitude. The 'melt' procedure below collapses this into
           a three column table of lat,lon,value for the current parameter (e.g. runoff)
        '''
        dfParam.columns = dfLons[0].values.tolist() #Set column names to longitudes
        dfParam['LAT'] = dfLats[0].values.tolist()  #Add column of longitudes
        df = pd.melt(dfParam,id_vars=['LAT'],var_name='LON',value_name=param_name)

        #Append to dataframe, if not the first element
        '''Each attribute will become its own column in the final dataframe. So after assembling
           the first dataframe (runoff), we can just append the others to it. We also join the FIPS
           codes (created in a previous script) to the runoff dataframe so we can summarize by states
           or counties later. 
        '''
        if param == 'runoff': #If its the first in the series of runoff, precip, et, soil moisture...
            #Copy to the year dataframe
            dfYear = df.copy(deep=True)
        else:
            #Add column to the year data frame
            dfYear[param_name] = df[param_name]
            
    #Add year to the master data frame
    dfYear.insert(1,'YEAR',year)
    
    #Return the dataframe
    return dfYear


    

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#Retrieve data frames for each sample year, using the function above
df2000 = getSupplyData(2000)
df2005 = getSupplyData(2005)
df2010 = getSupplyData(2010)


    

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#Use the addFIPS function to add FIPS values to the table
df2000 = addFIPS(df2000,countyFN)
df2005 = addFIPS(df2005,countyFN) 
df2010 = addFIPS(df2010,countyFN)


    

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#Concatenate the tables
dfAllYears = pd.concat([df2000,df2005,df2010],ignore_index=True)


    

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#Rename FIPS columns
dfAllYears.rename(columns={'GEOID':'FIPS','STATEFP':'STATEFIPS'},inplace=True)
dfAllYears.to_csv(tidyFN,index=False,encoding='utf8')


    

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#Compute mean values for each county
groupDict = {'total_runoff':['count','sum']}
dfCounty = dfAllYears.groupby(('YEAR','STATEFIPS','FIPS','Area'))['total_runoff','pr','et','smc'].mean()

#Convert indexes back to columns
dfCounty.reset_index(inplace=True)

#Convert mm/Year * county area (m2) into MGal/day - to match use
'''m = [mm] / 1000; m * [m2] = m3; m3 / 3785 = MGal'''
for param in ('total_runoff','pr','et','smc'):
    dfCounty[param] = (dfCounty[param] / 1000.0) * dfCounty.Area / 3785.0 / 365.0


    

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#Compute supply as precip - evapotranspiration
dfCounty['Supply'] = dfCounty.pr - dfCounty.et


    

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#Remove Area field
dfCounty.drop(['Area'],axis=1,inplace=True)


    

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#Write the table to the file
dfCounty.to_csv(outputFN,encoding='utf8',index=False)


    

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dfCounty.head()


    

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#Summarize by state
dfState = dfCounty.groupby(('YEAR','STATEFIPS'))['Supply'].sum()


    

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stateSummary = dfState.unstack().T
stateSummary.to_csv('../../Data/StateSupply.csv')


    

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import us


    

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stateSummary.reset_index(inplace=True)
stateSummary['MGALperDay'] = stateSummary['STATEFIPS'].apply(lambda x: us.states.lookup(x))


    

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stateSummary[['MGALperDay',2000,2005,2010]].to_csv('../../Data/StateSupply.csv',index=False)