The colour matching functions are the tristimulus values of monochromatic stimuli of equal radiant power [1] and are at the hearth of the CIE Colour System, their creation history has been briefly introduced in the Spectrum notebook.
Colour provides the following spectral sensitivity and colour matching functions:
In [1]:
import colour
sorted(colour.colorimetry.LMS_CMFS.keys())
Out[1]:
In [2]:
sorted(colour.colorimetry.RGB_CMFS.keys())
Out[2]:
In [3]:
sorted(colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS.keys())
Out[3]:
Note:
'cie_2_1931'and'cie_10_1964'are convenient aliases for respectively'CIE 1931 2 Degree Standard Observer'and'CIE 1964 10 Degree Standard Observer'.
In [4]:
sorted(colour.CMFS.keys())
Out[4]:
Most of them are sourced from the Colour & Vision Research Laboratory database.
Colour stimuli can be represented by vectors into a three-dimensionl space called tristimulus space. They are usually denoted by boldface letters such as $\textbf{Q}$, $\textbf{R}$, $\textbf{G}$ and $\textbf{B}$ where $\textbf{Q}$ represents a test colour stimulus and $\textbf{R}$, $\textbf{G}$ and $\textbf{B}$ are reserved for the fixed primary stimuli chosen for the colour matching experiment. [2]
A colour match between an test colour stimulus $\textbf{Q}$ and the additive mixture of the three fixed primary stimuli $\textbf{R}$, $\textbf{G}$ and $\textbf{B}$ is expressed by the following equation: [2]
$$ \begin{equation} \textbf{Q}=R_Q\textbf{R}+G_Q\textbf{G}+B_Q\textbf{B} \end{equation} $$where the multipliers $R_Q$,$G_Q$,$B_Q$ measured in terms of the assigned respective units of the $\textbf{R}$, $\textbf{G}$ and $\textbf{B}$ primary stimuli are called the tristimulus values of $\textbf{Q}$.
A monochromatic stimulus $\textbf{Q}_\lambda$ of wavelength $\lambda$ is the quantity $\lbrace P_\lambda d\lambda\rbrace$ that represents the radiant power in the wavelength interval of width $d\lambda$ centered at the wavelength $\lambda$ and can be expressed by the following equation: [2]
$$ \begin{equation} \textbf{Q}_\lambda=R_\lambda\textbf{R}+G_\lambda\textbf{G}+B_\lambda\textbf{B} \end{equation} $$where $R_\lambda$,$G_\lambda$,$B_\lambda$ are called the spectral tristimulus values of $\textbf{Q}_\lambda$.
The equation for a colour match involving a monochromatic constituent $\textbf{E}_\lambda$ of the equal energy stimulus $\textbf{E}$ is:
$$ \begin{equation} \textbf{E}_\lambda=\bar{r}(\lambda)\textbf{R}+\bar{g}(\lambda)\textbf{G}+\bar{b}(\lambda)\textbf{B} \end{equation} $$where $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ are called the spectral tristimulus values of $\textbf{E}_\lambda$. The lowercase notation with an overbar indictates a special set of tristimulus values and is the standard notation for colour matching functions.
In [5]:
from colour.plotting import *
In [6]:
colour_style();
In [7]:
# Plotting the spectral distribution of a colour stimulus *E* having an
# equal energy spectrum.
sd = colour.SpectralDistribution(
dict((i, 1.) for i in range(360, 830)), name='E')
plot_single_sd(sd, bounding_box=[360, 830, 0, 1.5]);
Wright & Guild 1931 2° RGB CMFs $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions are derived from the two independent experiments of Wright (1928) and Guild (1931). [3]
Both determined the chromaticity coordinates of a set of monochromatic stimuli in the wavelength range 400-700 nm using a circular 2° angular subtense bipartite field whose image is centered at the fovea of retina to avoid any participation of rod vision in the measurements.
The bottom half of the field was illuminated by the test colour stimulus to be matched and the top half was illuminated by the fixed primary stimuli at respective fixed wavelengths of 700 nm, 546.1 nm and 435.8 nm but adjustable intensity.
The observer would adjust the intensity of each of the three fixed primary stimuli until both halves of the field were colour matched.
Not all the test colour stimuli could be matched using this technique. For example, matching a yellow test colour stimulus required large amounts of red and green fixed primary stimuli. If the resulting fixed primary stimuli mixture was less yellow than the test colour stimulus, a variable amount of blue fixed primary stimulus could be added to the the test colour stimulus. For these cases, the amount of fixed primary stimulus added to the test colour stimulus was considered as a negative value.
For example, the test colour stimulus $\textbf{E}_\lambda$ at $\lambda=475$ and fixed primary stimuli values read off at $\bar{r}(475)=-0.045$, $\bar{g}(475)=0.032$ and $\bar{b}(475)=0.186$ can be expressed with the following equation: [4]
$$ \begin{equation} \textbf{E}_{475}=-0.045\textbf{R}+0.032\textbf{G}+0.186\textbf{B} \end{equation} $$The chromaticity coordinates $r(\lambda)$,$g(\lambda)$,$b(\lambda)$ of the monochromatic stimuli can then be calculated:
$$ \begin{equation} r(\lambda)=\cfrac{\bar{r}(\lambda)}{\bar{r}(\lambda)+\bar{g}(\lambda)+\bar{b}(\lambda)}\\ g(\lambda)=\cfrac{\bar{g}(\lambda)}{\bar{r}(\lambda)+\bar{g}(\lambda)+\bar{b}(\lambda)}\\ b(\lambda)=\cfrac{\bar{b}(\lambda)}{\bar{r}(\lambda)+\bar{g}(\lambda)+\bar{b}(\lambda)} \end{equation} $$with $$ \begin{equation} r(\lambda)+g(\lambda)+b(\lambda)=1 \end{equation} $$
Wright & Guild 1931 2° RGB CMFs $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions have the following range and increments:
In [8]:
colour.colorimetry.RGB_CMFS['Wright & Guild 1931 2 Degree RGB CMFs'].shape
Out[8]:
In [9]:
plot_single_cmfs('Wright & Guild 1931 2 Degree RGB CMFs',
legend_location='lower right');
Stiles & Burch 1955 2° RGB CMFs $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions are the result of a major re-examination of the CIE standard by Stiles in the 1950's because of concern about the correctness of the CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer data regarding: [5]
In 1955, the CIE Colorimetry Comittee decided that the discrepancies between the CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer and the new data from the interim report by Stiles (1955), though significant from an experimental aspect were not large enough to modify the standard for practical colorimetry.
Stiles & Burch 1955 2° RGB CMFs $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions have the following range and increments:
In [10]:
colour.colorimetry.RGB_CMFS['Stiles & Burch 1955 2 Degree RGB CMFs'].shape
Out[10]:
In [11]:
plot_single_cmfs('Stiles & Burch 1955 2 Degree RGB CMFs',
legend_location='upper left');
Stiles following the direction recommenced by CIE Colorimetry Committee continued his work and focused on large-field colour matching experiments.
In 1958 the final report of the National Physical Laboratory (N.P.L) colour-matching investigation by Stiles and Burch (1959) proposed the Stiles & Burch 1959 10° RGB CMFs $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions. [5]
Stiles & Burch 1959 10° RGB CMFs $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions have the following range and increments:
In [12]:
colour.colorimetry.RGB_CMFS['Stiles & Burch 1959 10 Degree RGB CMFs'].shape
Out[12]:
In [13]:
plot_single_cmfs('Stiles & Burch 1959 10 Degree RGB CMFs',
legend_location='upper left');
In [14]:
# Comparing *Stiles & Burch 1955 2 Degree RGB CMFs* and
# *Stiles & Burch 1959 10 Degree RGB CMFs* colour matching functions.
plot_multi_cmfs(['Stiles & Burch 1955 2 Degree RGB CMFs',
'Stiles & Burch 1959 10 Degree RGB CMFs']);
Wright & Guild 1931 2° RGB CMFs $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions have negative values that are inconvenient for various reasons:
Computation of the $\textbf{R}$,$\textbf{G}$,$\textbf{B}$ tristimulus values of a given stimulus $\textbf{Q}$ defined by a spectral distribution $\lbrace P_\lambda d\lambda\rbrace$ are done according to the following equations: [6]
$$ \textbf{R}=\int_{\lambda_a}^{\lambda_b}P_\lambda\bar{r}(\lambda)d\lambda\\ \textbf{G}=\int_{\lambda_a}^{\lambda_b}P_\lambda\bar{g}(\lambda)d\lambda\\ \textbf{B}=\int_{\lambda_a}^{\lambda_b}P_\lambda\bar{b}(\lambda)d\lambda $$
This computation involves summing separately products with positive and negative signs and then a final differencing of the sums.
Those reasons lead the CIE to transform the Wright & Guild 1931 2° RGB CMFs $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions into a new set of functions based on new primary stimuli $X$, $Y$, $Z$: The CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer $\bar{x}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions.
Transformation from CIE RGB colourspace $r$,$g$,$b$ chromaticity coordinates to CIE XYZ colourspace $x$,$y$,$z$ chromaticity coordinates is expressed as follows: [6]
$$ \begin{equation} x=\cfrac{0.49000r+0.31000g+0.20000b}{0.66697r+1.13240g+1.20063b}\\ y=\cfrac{0.17697r+0.81240g+0.01063b}{0.66697r+1.13240g+1.20063b}\\ z=\cfrac{0.00000r+0.01000g+0.99000b}{0.66697r+1.13240g+1.20063b} \end{equation} $$Then the $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ tristimulus values are calculated as follows: [6]
$$ \begin{equation} X=\cfrac{x}{y}V,\qquad Y=V,\qquad Z=\cfrac{z}{y}V \end{equation} $$where $V$ is the luminance of the stimulus calculated in accordance with the luminous efficiency function $V(\lambda)$.
Transformation of the monochromatic stimuli chromaticity coordinates $r(\lambda)$,$g(\lambda)$,$b(\lambda)$ into the $\bar{x}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions also uses the above equation: [6]
$$ \begin{equation} \bar{x}(\lambda)=\cfrac{x(\lambda)}{y(\lambda)}V(\lambda),\qquad \bar{y}(\lambda)=V(\lambda),\qquad \bar{z}(\lambda)=\cfrac{z(\lambda)}{y(\lambda)}V(\lambda) \end{equation} $$The colour.RGB_2_degree_cmfs_to_XYZ_2_degree_cmfs definition is provided for educational purpose to illustrate the transformation from Wright & Guild 1931 2° RGB CMFs $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions into the CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer $\bar{x}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions:
In [15]:
print(colour.colorimetry.RGB_2_degree_cmfs_to_XYZ_2_degree_cmfs(435))
print(colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS['CIE 1931 2 Degree Standard Observer'][435])
The CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer $\bar{x}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions have the following range and increments:
In [16]:
colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS['CIE 1931 2 Degree Standard Observer'].shape
Out[16]:
In [17]:
plot_single_cmfs('CIE 1931 2 Degree Standard Observer');
The CIE 1964 10° Standard Observer $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions are the result of Stiles and Burch (1959) and Speranskaya (1959) investigations with large-field colour matching experiments.
Judd, acting for the CIE averaged, Stiles and Burch (1959) and Speranskaya (1959) colour matching functions after correcting Speranskaya data for rod intrusion (CIE, 1959).
Building upon Judd new set of data, the CIE following the same general model than for the CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer created a new coordinate system. The equations to convert from the $\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions to the new $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions are as follows: [7]
$$ \begin{equation} \bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)=0.341080\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)+0.189145\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+0.387529\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda)\\ \bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)=0.139058\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)+0.837460\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+0.073316\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda)\\ \bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)=0.000000\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)+0.039553\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+2.026200\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda) \end{equation} $$The colour.RGB_10_degree_cmfs_to_XYZ_10_degree_cmfs definition is provided for educational purpose to illustrate the transformation from Stiles & Burch 1959 10° RGB CMFs $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions into the CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer $\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions:
In [18]:
print(colour.colorimetry.RGB_10_degree_cmfs_to_XYZ_10_degree_cmfs(435))
print(colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS['CIE 1964 10 Degree Standard Observer'][435])
The CIE 1964 10° Standard Observer $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions have the following range and increments:
In [19]:
colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS['CIE 1964 10 Degree Standard Observer'].shape
Out[19]:
In [20]:
plot_single_cmfs('CIE 1964 10 Degree Standard Observer');
In [21]:
# Comparing *CIE 1931 2 Degree Standard Observer* and
# *CIE 1964 10 Degree Standard Observer* colour matching functions.
plot_multi_cmfs(['CIE 1931 2 Degree Standard Observer',
'CIE 1964 10 Degree Standard Observer']);
The CIE 2012 2° Standard Observer $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions are linear transformations of Stockman & Sharpe 2° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions.
They are recommended by the CIE TC 1-36 technical commitee report (CIE 170-1:2006, 2006) as the new physiologically relevant fundamental CIE spectral sensitivity functions.
The transformation produces colour matching functions similar to the CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer $\bar{x}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions and is expressed by the following equations: [8]
$$ \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \bar{x}(\lambda)&=1.94735469\bar{l}(\lambda)-1.41445123\bar{m}(\lambda)+0.36476327\bar{s}(\lambda)\\ \bar{y}(\lambda)&=0.68990272\bar{l}(\lambda)+0.34832189\bar{m}(\lambda)\\ \bar{z}(\lambda)&=1.93485343\bar{s}(\lambda) \end{aligned} \end{equation} $$The colour.LMS_2_degree_cmfs_to_XYZ_2_degree_cmfs definition is provided for educational purpose to illustrate the transformation from Stockman & Sharpe 2° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions into the CIE 2012 2° Standard Observer $\bar{r}(\lambda)$,$\bar{g}(\lambda)$,$\bar{b}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions:
In [22]:
print(colour.colorimetry.LMS_2_degree_cmfs_to_XYZ_2_degree_cmfs(435))
print(colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS['CIE 2012 2 Degree Standard Observer'][435])
The CIE 2012 2° Standard Observer $\bar{x}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions have the following range and increments:
In [23]:
colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS['CIE 2012 2 Degree Standard Observer'].shape
Out[23]:
In [24]:
plot_single_cmfs('CIE 2012 2 Degree Standard Observer');
In [25]:
# Comparing *CIE 1931 2 Degree Standard Observer* and
# *CIE 2012 2 Degree Standard Observer* colour matching functions.
plot_multi_cmfs(['CIE 1931 2 Degree Standard Observer',
'CIE 2012 2 Degree Standard Observer']);
The CIE 2012 10° Standard Observer colour matching functions are linear transformations of Stockman & Sharpe 10° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions.
They are recommended by the CIE TC 1-36 technical commitee report (CIE 170-1:2006, 2006) as the new physiologically relevant fundamental CIE colour matching functions.
The transformation produces colour matching functions similar to the CIE 1964 10° Standard Observer $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions and is expressed by the following equations: [9]
$$ \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)&=1.93986443\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)-1.34664359\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)+0.43044935\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)\\ \bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)&=0.69283932\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)+0.34967567\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)\\ \bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)&=2.14687945\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda) \end{aligned} \end{equation} $$The colour.LMS_10_degree_cmfs_to_XYZ_10_degree_cmfs definition is provided for educational purpose to illustrate the transformation from Stockman & Sharpe 10° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions into the CIE 2012 10° Standard Observer $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions:
In [26]:
print(colour.colorimetry.LMS_10_degree_cmfs_to_XYZ_10_degree_cmfs(435))
print(colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS['CIE 2012 10 Degree Standard Observer'][435])
The CIE 2012 10° Standard Observer $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions have the following range and increments:
In [27]:
colour.colorimetry.STANDARD_OBSERVERS_CMFS['CIE 2012 10 Degree Standard Observer'].shape
Out[27]:
In [28]:
plot_single_cmfs('CIE 2012 10 Degree Standard Observer');
In [29]:
# Comparing *CIE 2012 2 Degree Standard Observer* and
# *CIE 2012 10 Degree Standard Observer* colour matching functions.
plot_multi_cmfs(['CIE 2012 2 Degree Standard Observer',
'CIE 2012 10 Degree Standard Observer']);
In [30]:
# Comparing *CIE 1964 10 Degree Standard Observer* and
# *CIE 2012 10 Degree Standard Observer* colour matching functions.
plot_multi_cmfs(['CIE 1964 10 Degree Standard Observer',
'CIE 2012 10 Degree Standard Observer']);
In 1991, The CIE created the CIE TC 1-36 technical commitee with the objective of establishing a fundamental chromaticity diagram of which the co-ordinates correspond to physiologically significant axes. [10]
By application of König’s hypothesis (Protanopes, deuteranoptes lack respectively $L-$ and $M-$cones, the spectral sensitivity of their respectively remaining $M-$ or $L-$cones must be identical to that of the corresponding cone type in normal observers) and using the latest modern data on the spectral sensitivity functions of dichromats, Stockman and Sharpe (2000) derived the Stockman & Sharpe Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions of the long-wave sensitive ($L-$), medium-wave sensitive ($M-$) and short-wave sensitive ($S-$) cones, measured in the corneal plane for a 10° angular subtense viewing field. [10][11]
The Stockman & Sharpe 10° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions are defined as linear combinations of the Stiles & Burch 1959 10° RGB CMFs $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions expressed by the following relationships: [10]
$$ \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)&=\bar{l}_R\cdot\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)+\bar{l}_G\cdot\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+\bar{l}_B\cdot\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda)\\ \bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)&=\bar{m}_R\cdot\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)+\bar{m}_G\cdot\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+\bar{m}_B\cdot\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda)\\ \bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)&=\bar{s}_R\cdot\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)+\bar{s}_G\cdot\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+\bar{s}_B\cdot\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda) \end{aligned} \end{equation} $$where $\bar{l}_R$, $\bar{l}_G$ and $\bar{l}_B$ are respectively the $L-$cone sensitvities to the $\textbf{R}$, $\textbf{G}$ and $\textbf{B}$ fixed primary stimuli, $\bar{m}_R$, $\bar{m}_G$ and $\bar{m}_B$ are respectively the $M-$cone sensitvities to the fixed primary stimuli and $\bar{s}_R$, $\bar{s}_G$ and $\bar{s}_B$ are respectively the $S-$cone sensitvities to the fixed primary stimuli.
The transformation of Stiles & Burch 1959 10° RGB CMFs $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions to the Stockman & Sharpe 10° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions is expressed by the following formulas: [10]
$$ \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)&=0.192325269\cdot\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)+0.749548882\cdot\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+0.0675726702\cdot\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda)\\ \bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)&=0.0192290085\cdot\bar{r}_{10}(\lambda)+0.940908496\cdot\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+0.113830196\cdot\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda)\\ \bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)&=0.0105107859\cdot\bar{g}_{10}(\lambda)+0.991427669\cdot\bar{b}_{10}(\lambda) \end{aligned} \end{equation} $$The Stockman & Sharpe 2° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions were derived using the low density absorbance functions determined from the absorption of the ocular media and the macular pigment for a 10° angular subtense viewing field and taking into account the densities of the visual pigments for a 2° angular subtense viewing field.
The same procedure one can be applied to derive cone fundamentals for every viewing angle between 1° and 10°.
The colour.RGB_10_degree_cmfs_to_LMS_10_degree_cmfs definition is provided for educational purpose to illustrate the transformation from Stiles & Burch 1959 10° RGB CMFs $\bar{x}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{y}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{z}_{10}(\lambda)$ colour matching functions into the Stockman & Sharpe 10° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions:
In [31]:
print(colour.colorimetry.RGB_10_degree_cmfs_to_LMS_10_degree_cmfs(435))
print(colour.colorimetry.LMS_CMFS['Stockman & Sharpe 10 Degree Cone Fundamentals'][435])
The Stockman & Sharpe 10° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}_{10}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}_{10}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions have the following range and increments:
In [32]:
colour.colorimetry.LMS_CMFS['Stockman & Sharpe 10 Degree Cone Fundamentals'].shape
Out[32]:
In [33]:
plot_single_cmfs('Stockman & Sharpe 10 Degree Cone Fundamentals',
y_label='Sensitivity',
bounding_box=[390, 870, 0, 1.1]);
The Stockman & Sharpe 2° Cone Fundamentals $\bar{l}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions have the following range and increments:
In [34]:
colour.colorimetry.LMS_CMFS['Stockman & Sharpe 2 Degree Cone Fundamentals'].shape
Out[34]:
In [35]:
plot_single_cmfs('Stockman & Sharpe 2 Degree Cone Fundamentals',
y_label='Sensitivity',
bounding_box=[390, 870, 0, 1.1]);
The Smith & Pokorny 1975 Normal Trichromats $\bar{l}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}(\lambda)$ are the cone spectral sensitivity functions for an average normal trichromat. [12]
The Smith & Pokorny 1975 Normal Trichromats $\bar{l}(\lambda)$,$\bar{m}(\lambda)$,$\bar{s}(\lambda)$ spectral sensitivity functions have the following range and increments:
In [36]:
colour.colorimetry.LMS_CMFS['Smith & Pokorny 1975 Normal Trichromats'].shape
Out[36]:
In [37]:
plot_single_cmfs('Smith & Pokorny 1975 Normal Trichromats',
y_label='Sensitivity',
bounding_box=[390, 870, 0, 1.1]);