Markov chains are memoryless, in a way, since the past doesn't really inform the future; only the present counts. Recall that the future is conditionally independent of the past, given the present.
And if we connected states 3 and 6...
For any irreducible Markov chain with finitely many states:
Regarding 4, if we any probability vector $\vec{t}$, then $\vec{t} \, Q \rightarrow \vec{s}$.
So the above theories of stationary distributions are worthy of study, since
But how would we compute the stationary distribution?
If a transition matrix is reversible with respect to $\vec{s}$, then that $\vec{s}$ is stationary. This reversibility is with reference to time, so it is also called time reversible.
For intuition, imagine a video tape of some particle changing states. If you ran that video backwards and show that to someone, and that person could not tell if the action was moving forwards or backwards, then that would be an example of time reversiblity.
Proof
Let $s_i \, q_{ij} = s_j \, q_{ji}$ for all $i,j$; show that $\vec{s} \, Q = \vec{s}$.
\begin{align} \sum_i s_i \, q_{ij} &= \sum_i s_j \, q_{ji} \\ &= s_j \sum_i q_{ji} \\ &= s_j &\text{ but this is just the definition of matrix multiplication} \\ \\\\ \Rightarrow \vec{s} \, Q &= \vec{s} \end{align}A random walk on a undirected network is an example of a reversible Markov chain.
In the diagram above, the nodes 1 through 4 are joined in an undirected graph. The degree of each node $d_i$ is the number of edges emanating from said node, so $d_1=2, d_2=2, d_3=3, d_4=1$.
With transition matrix $Q$ for the graph above, then $d_i \, q_{ij} = d_j \, q_{ji}$.
Proof
Let $i \ne j$.
Then $q_{ij}, q_{ji}$ are either both 0 or both non-zero. The key is that we are talking about an undirected graph, and all edges are two-way streets.
If there is an edge joining $i,j$), then $q_{ij} = \frac{1}{d_i}$.
So in a graph with $M$ nodes $1, 2, \dots , M$, where each node has degree $d_i$, then $\vec{s}$ with $s_i = \frac{d_i}{\sum_{j} d_j}$ is stationary.
View Lecture 32: Markov Chains Continued | Statistics 110 on YouTube.