This is a basic tutorial on using Latex syntax inside a Jupyter notebook.
https://stackoverflow.com/a/13222501/257924 goes through the basics.
http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/jrjohansson/scientific-python-lectures/blob/master/Lecture-4-Matplotlib.ipynb has a more indepth tutorial that includes Latex expressions.
Below is a example of using two dollar signs to group a Latex expression, but it dumps it onto a separate line:
The raw markdown text is:
Here is the $$c = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$$ equation.
with the result being:
Here is the $$c = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$$ equation.
https://stackoverflow.com/a/19413196/257924 talks about how to inline the expression into the Markdown cell:
So with this syntax:
Here is the $c = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$ equation.
We get:
Here is the $c = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$ equation.
https://stackoverflow.com/a/19413196/257924 points to http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/ipython/ipython/blob/4.0.x/examples/Notebook/Typesetting%20Equations.ipynb which goes into greater detail.
The "bla" words below is just to show where normal Markdown syntax begins and ends with the Latex code in between:
Example:
bla $\frac{1}{\Bigl(\sqrt{\phi \sqrt{5}}-\phi\Bigr) e^{\frac25 \pi}}$ bla
gives:
bla $\frac{1}{\Bigl(\sqrt{\phi \sqrt{5}}-\phi\Bigr) e^{\frac25 \pi}}$ bla
Taking out the Bigl and Bigr like this:
bla $\frac{1}{\sqrt{\phi \sqrt{5}}-\phi e^{\frac25 \pi}}$ bla
yeilds:
bla $\frac{1}{\sqrt{\phi \sqrt{5}}-\phi e^{\frac25 \pi}}$ bla
Focusing only on the smaller expression:
bla $\frac25 \pi$ bla
gives:
bla $\frac25 \pi$ bla
Using sine and cosine in a Latex expression like this:
bla $x \sin\phi + z \cos\phi$ bla
gives:
bla $x \sin\phi + z \cos\phi$ bla
https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/List_of_Greek_letters_and_math_symbols has a list of commonly used mathematical symbols.
http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/ipython/ipython/blob/1.x/examples/notebooks/Part%204%20-%20Markdown%20Cells.ipynb#Embedded-code describes how to quote multiple lines of code instead of executing them. Just prefix each line with four spaces, but you must add a blank line before and after the section of code as otherwise it bundles it up with the previous paragraph). That is how I formatted the Latex code in the example above.