An Elastic Collision Between a Ball and Barbell

This program is not even close to being finished. It's a copy of the sticky collision and the equations haven't been changed yet.


In [1]:
%matplotlib inline

In [2]:
from __future__ import division, print_function
from ivisual import *
from math import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt



In [6]:
scene=canvas(title="Elastic Collision Between Ball and Barbell")
#set these values
R=0.6 #m radius of barbell
vi=10 #m/s initial x-vel of incoming particle
yi=0.3 #m initial y of incoming particle
vibarbell=0 #m/s initial x-vel of cm of barbell
mass1=0.2 #kg particle
mass2=0.3 #kg barbell
mass3=0.3 #kg barbell
w=-pi #initial omega of barbell
angle=75*pi/180 #initial angle of barbell in rad
time=2 #s animation time

###################################

#radius of ball
r=0.05*R

#scene
scene.autoscale=False
scene.range=4*R

#create spheres
m1=sphere(radius=r, pos=vector(-4*R,yi,0), color=color.red, make_trail=True, retain=400)
m2=sphere(radius=r, pos=vector(0,R,0), color=color.blue, make_trail=True, retain=400)
m3=sphere(radius=r, pos=vector(0,-R,0), color=color.blue, make_trail=True, retain=400)
cmbarbell=sphere(radius=r, pos=vector(-3*R,0,0), color=color.white, make_trail=True, retain=400)
cm=sphere(radius=r, pos=vector(0,0,0), color=color.cyan, make_trail=True, retain=400)
cmbarbell.visible=1
cm.visible=1

#set masses
m1.m=mass1
m2.m=mass2
m3.m=mass3
cmbarbell.m=m2.m+m3.m
cm.m=m1.m+m2.m+m3.m

#set barball variables
omega=w
theta=angle
dtheta=0
Icm=m1.m*(mag(m1.pos-cm.pos))**2+m2.m*(mag(m2.pos-cm.pos))**2+m3.m*(mag(m3.pos-cm.pos))**2
Icmbarbell=m2.m*(mag(m2.pos-cmbarbell.pos))**2+m3.m*(mag(m3.pos-cmbarbell.pos))**2

#set velocities and momenta
m1.v=vector(vi,0,0)
m1.p=m1.m*m1.v
cmbarbell.v=vector(vibarbell,0,0)
cmbarbell.p=cmbarbell.m*cmbarbell.v
cm.p=m1.p+cmbarbell.p
cm.v=cm.p/(cm.m)

#set positions of barbell spheres based on the angle of the barbell
m2.pos=cmbarbell.pos+vector(R*cos(theta),R*sin(theta),0)
m3.pos=cmbarbell.pos+vector(R*cos(theta+pi),R*sin(theta+pi),0)
cmbarbell.pos=(m2.m*m2.pos+m3.m*m3.pos)/(m2.m+m3.m)
cm.pos=(m1.m*m1.pos + m2.m*m2.pos+m3.m*m3.pos)/(m1.m+m2.m+m3.m)

#draw the barbell rod
rod=cylinder(radius=r/5, pos=m3.pos, axis=m2.pos-m3.pos, color=color.yellow)

#calculate initial angular momenta
m1.Ltrans=cross(m1.pos,m1.p)
cmbarbell.Ltrans=cross(cmbarbell.pos,cmbarbell.p)
cmbarbell.Lrot=Icmbarbell*vector(0,0,omega)
cm.Ltrans=cross(cm.pos,cm.p)
cm.Lrot=Icm*vector(0,0,omega)
Lsys=m1.Ltrans+cmbarbell.Ltrans+cmbarbell.Lrot
Ltrans=m1.Ltrans+cmbarbell.Ltrans
Lrot=cmbarbell.Lrot

#print initial angular momenta
print()
print("Before Collision---------------")
print("m1.Ltrans =",m1.Ltrans)
print("cmbarbell.Ltrans =",cmbarbell.Ltrans)
print("cmbarbell.Lrot =",cmbarbell.Lrot)
print("Lsys =",Lsys)

#set clock variables
t=0
dt=0.005

#boolean for collision
beforeCollision=True

while t<time :
    rate(20)
    
    #update CM position and angle of barbell
    cm.pos=cm.pos+cm.p/cm.m*dt
    theta=theta+omega*dt

    #update balls
    if beforeCollision:
        cmbarbell.pos=cmbarbell.pos+cmbarbell.p/cmbarbell.m*dt
        m1.pos=m1.pos+m1.p/m1.m*dt
        m2.pos=cmbarbell.pos+R*vector(cos(theta),sin(theta),0)
        m3.pos=cmbarbell.pos+R*vector(cos(theta+pi),sin(theta+pi),0)
    else:
        m1.pos=cm.pos+d1relcm*vector(cos(theta+phi0),sin(theta+phi0),0)
        m2.pos=cm.pos+d2relcm*vector(cos(theta),sin(theta),0)
        m3.pos=cm.pos+d3relcm*vector(cos(theta+pi),sin(theta+pi),0)
        cmbarbell.pos=(m2.m*m2.pos+m3.m*m3.pos)/(m2.m+m3.m)

    #update rod
    rod.pos=m3.pos
    rod.axis=m2.pos-m3.pos

    #update clock
    t=t+dt
    
    #see if particle collides with the barbell
    if(beforeCollision):
        a=m1.pos-cm.pos
        b=m2.pos-cm.pos
        phi=acos(dot(a,b)/mag(a)/mag(b))
        phiIntersect=atan(r*mag(b)/dot(a,b))
    
    #collision
    if phi<phiIntersect and beforeCollision:
        phi0 = phiIntersect #angle between vector from CM to m1 and the barbell
        d1relcm=mag(cm.pos-m1.pos) #distance between cm and m1
        d2relcm=mag(cm.pos-m2.pos) #distance between cm and m2
        d3relcm=mag(cm.pos-m3.pos) #distance between cm and m3
        Ltrans=cross(cm.pos, cm.p) 
        Lrot=Lsys-Ltrans
        Icm=m1.m*(mag(m1.pos-cm.pos))**2+m2.m*(mag(m2.pos-cm.pos))**2+m3.m*(mag(m3.pos-cm.pos))**2
        omega=Lrot.z/Icm
        
        print()
        print("After Collision--------------")
        print("Ltrans =",Ltrans)
        print("Lrot =",Lrot)
        print("Lsys =",Lsys)
        print("Icm = ",Icm)
        print("omega about cm =",omega)
        
        beforeCollision=False


Before Collision---------------
m1.Ltrans = <0.000000, 0.000000, -0.600000>
cmbarbell.Ltrans = <0.000000, 0.000000, -0.000000>
cmbarbell.Lrot = [ 0.          0.         -6.78584013]
Lsys = <0.000000, 0.000000, -7.385840>

After Collision--------------
Ltrans = <0.000000, 0.000000, -0.150000>
Lrot = <0.000000, 0.000000, -7.235840>
Lsys = <0.000000, 0.000000, -7.385840>
Icm =  0.232875
omega about cm = -31.07177727

In [ ]: