JSON examples and exercise


  • get familiar with packages for dealing with JSON
  • study examples with JSON strings and files
  • work on exercise to be completed and submitted



In [1]:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

imports for Python, Pandas


In [2]:
import json
from pandas.io.json import json_normalize

JSON example, with string


In [3]:
# define json string
data = [{'state': 'Florida', 
         'shortname': 'FL',
         'info': {'governor': 'Rick Scott'},
         'counties': [{'name': 'Dade', 'population': 12345},
                      {'name': 'Broward', 'population': 40000},
                      {'name': 'Palm Beach', 'population': 60000}]},
        {'state': 'Ohio',
         'shortname': 'OH',
         'info': {'governor': 'John Kasich'},
         'counties': [{'name': 'Summit', 'population': 1234},
                      {'name': 'Cuyahoga', 'population': 1337}]}]

In [4]:
# use normalization to create tables from nested element
json_normalize(data, 'counties')


Out[4]:
name population
0 Dade 12345
1 Broward 40000
2 Palm Beach 60000
3 Summit 1234
4 Cuyahoga 1337

In [5]:
# further populate tables created from nested element
json_normalize(data, 'counties', ['state', 'shortname', ['info', 'governor']])


Out[5]:
name population shortname state info.governor
0 Dade 12345 FL Florida Rick Scott
1 Broward 40000 FL Florida Rick Scott
2 Palm Beach 60000 FL Florida Rick Scott
3 Summit 1234 OH Ohio John Kasich
4 Cuyahoga 1337 OH Ohio John Kasich

JSON example, with file

  • demonstrates reading in a json file as a string and as a table
  • uses small sample file containing data about projects funded by the World Bank
  • data source: http://jsonstudio.com/resources/

In [6]:
# load json as string
json.load((open('data/world_bank_projects_less.json')))


Out[6]:
[{'_id': {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c780'},
  'approvalfy': 1999,
  'board_approval_month': 'November',
  'boardapprovaldate': '2013-11-12T00:00:00Z',
  'borrower': 'FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA',
  'closingdate': '2018-07-07T00:00:00Z',
  'country_namecode': 'Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia!$!ET',
  'countrycode': 'ET',
  'countryname': 'Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia',
  'countryshortname': 'Ethiopia',
  'docty': 'Project Information Document,Indigenous Peoples Plan,Project Information Document',
  'envassesmentcategorycode': 'C',
  'grantamt': 0,
  'ibrdcommamt': 0,
  'id': 'P129828',
  'idacommamt': 130000000,
  'impagency': 'MINISTRY OF EDUCATION',
  'lendinginstr': 'Investment Project Financing',
  'lendinginstrtype': 'IN',
  'lendprojectcost': 550000000,
  'majorsector_percent': [{'Name': 'Education', 'Percent': 46},
   {'Name': 'Education', 'Percent': 26},
   {'Name': 'Public Administration, Law, and Justice', 'Percent': 16},
   {'Name': 'Education', 'Percent': 12}],
  'mjsector_namecode': [{'code': 'EX', 'name': 'Education'},
   {'code': 'EX', 'name': 'Education'},
   {'code': 'BX', 'name': 'Public Administration, Law, and Justice'},
   {'code': 'EX', 'name': 'Education'}],
  'mjtheme': ['Human development'],
  'mjtheme_namecode': [{'code': '8', 'name': 'Human development'},
   {'code': '11', 'name': ''}],
  'mjthemecode': '8,11',
  'prodline': 'PE',
  'prodlinetext': 'IBRD/IDA',
  'productlinetype': 'L',
  'project_abstract': {'cdata': 'The development objective of the Second Phase of General Education Quality Improvement Project for Ethiopia is to improve learning conditions in primary and secondary schools and strengthen institutions at different levels of educational administration. The project has six components. The first component is curriculum, textbooks, assessment, examinations, and inspection. This component will support improvement of learning conditions in grades KG-12 by providing increased access to teaching and learning materials and through improvements to the curriculum by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the current curriculum. This component has following four sub-components: (i) curriculum reform and implementation; (ii) teaching and learning materials; (iii) assessment and examinations; and (iv) inspection. The second component is teacher development program (TDP). This component will support improvements in learning conditions in both primary and secondary schools by advancing the quality of teaching in general education through: (a) enhancing the training of pre-service teachers in teacher education institutions; and (b) improving the quality of in-service teacher training. This component has following three sub-components: (i) pre-service teacher training; (ii) in-service teacher training; and (iii) licensing and relicensing of teachers and school leaders. The third component is school improvement plan. This component will support the strengthening of school planning in order to improve learning outcomes, and to partly fund the school improvement plans through school grants. It has following two sub-components: (i) school improvement plan; and (ii) school grants. The fourth component is management and capacity building, including education management information systems (EMIS). This component will support management and capacity building aspect of the project. This component has following three sub-components: (i) capacity building for education planning and management; (ii) capacity building for school planning and management; and (iii) EMIS. The fifth component is improving the quality of learning and teaching in secondary schools and universities through the use of information and communications technology (ICT). It has following five sub-components: (i) national policy and institution for ICT in general education; (ii) national ICT infrastructure improvement plan for general education; (iii) develop an integrated monitoring, evaluation, and learning system specifically for the ICT component; (iv) teacher professional development in the use of ICT; and (v) provision of limited number of e-Braille display readers with the possibility to scale up to all secondary education schools based on the successful implementation and usage of the readers. The sixth component is program coordination, monitoring and evaluation, and communication. It will support institutional strengthening by developing capacities in all aspects of program coordination, monitoring and evaluation; a new sub-component on communications will support information sharing for better management and accountability. It has following three sub-components: (i) program coordination; (ii) monitoring and evaluation (M and E); and (iii) communication.'},
  'project_name': 'Ethiopia General Education Quality Improvement Project II',
  'projectdocs': [{'DocDate': '28-AUG-2013',
    'DocType': 'PID',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Project Information Document (PID),  Vol.',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=090224b081e545fb_1_0',
    'EntityID': '090224b081e545fb_1_0'},
   {'DocDate': '01-JUL-2013',
    'DocType': 'IP',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Indigenous Peoples Plan (IP),  Vol.1 of 1',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=000442464_20130920111729',
    'EntityID': '000442464_20130920111729'},
   {'DocDate': '22-NOV-2012',
    'DocType': 'PID',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Project Information Document (PID),  Vol.',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=090224b0817b19e2_1_0',
    'EntityID': '090224b0817b19e2_1_0'}],
  'projectfinancialtype': 'IDA',
  'projectstatusdisplay': 'Active',
  'regionname': 'Africa',
  'sector': [{'Name': 'Primary education'},
   {'Name': 'Secondary education'},
   {'Name': 'Public administration- Other social services'},
   {'Name': 'Tertiary education'}],
  'sector1': {'Name': 'Primary education', 'Percent': 46},
  'sector2': {'Name': 'Secondary education', 'Percent': 26},
  'sector3': {'Name': 'Public administration- Other social services',
   'Percent': 16},
  'sector4': {'Name': 'Tertiary education', 'Percent': 12},
  'sector_namecode': [{'code': 'EP', 'name': 'Primary education'},
   {'code': 'ES', 'name': 'Secondary education'},
   {'code': 'BS', 'name': 'Public administration- Other social services'},
   {'code': 'ET', 'name': 'Tertiary education'}],
  'sectorcode': 'ET,BS,ES,EP',
  'source': 'IBRD',
  'status': 'Active',
  'supplementprojectflg': 'N',
  'theme1': {'Name': 'Education for all', 'Percent': 100},
  'theme_namecode': [{'code': '65', 'name': 'Education for all'}],
  'themecode': '65',
  'totalamt': 130000000,
  'totalcommamt': 130000000,
  'url': 'http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P129828/ethiopia-general-education-quality-improvement-project-ii?lang=en'},
 {'_id': {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c781'},
  'approvalfy': 2015,
  'board_approval_month': 'November',
  'boardapprovaldate': '2013-11-04T00:00:00Z',
  'borrower': 'GOVERNMENT OF TUNISIA',
  'country_namecode': 'Republic of Tunisia!$!TN',
  'countrycode': 'TN',
  'countryname': 'Republic of Tunisia',
  'countryshortname': 'Tunisia',
  'docty': 'Project Information Document,Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet,Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet,Project Information Document,Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet,Project Information Document',
  'envassesmentcategorycode': 'C',
  'grantamt': 4700000,
  'ibrdcommamt': 0,
  'id': 'P144674',
  'idacommamt': 0,
  'impagency': 'MINISTRY OF FINANCE',
  'lendinginstr': 'Specific Investment Loan',
  'lendinginstrtype': 'IN',
  'lendprojectcost': 5700000,
  'majorsector_percent': [{'Name': 'Public Administration, Law, and Justice',
    'Percent': 70},
   {'Name': 'Public Administration, Law, and Justice', 'Percent': 30}],
  'mjsector_namecode': [{'code': 'BX',
    'name': 'Public Administration, Law, and Justice'},
   {'code': 'BX', 'name': 'Public Administration, Law, and Justice'}],
  'mjtheme': ['Economic management', 'Social protection and risk management'],
  'mjtheme_namecode': [{'code': '1', 'name': 'Economic management'},
   {'code': '6', 'name': 'Social protection and risk management'}],
  'mjthemecode': '1,6',
  'prodline': 'RE',
  'prodlinetext': 'Recipient Executed Activities',
  'productlinetype': 'L',
  'project_name': 'TN: DTF Social Protection Reforms Support',
  'projectdocs': [{'DocDate': '29-MAR-2013',
    'DocType': 'PID',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Project Information Document (PID),  Vol.1 of 1',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=000333037_20131024115616',
    'EntityID': '000333037_20131024115616'},
   {'DocDate': '29-MAR-2013',
    'DocType': 'ISDS',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS),  Vol.1 of 1',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=000356161_20131024151611',
    'EntityID': '000356161_20131024151611'},
   {'DocDate': '29-MAR-2013',
    'DocType': 'ISDS',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS),  Vol.1 of 1',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=000442464_20131031112136',
    'EntityID': '000442464_20131031112136'},
   {'DocDate': '29-MAR-2013',
    'DocType': 'PID',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Project Information Document (PID),  Vol.1 of 1',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=000333037_20131031105716',
    'EntityID': '000333037_20131031105716'},
   {'DocDate': '16-JAN-2013',
    'DocType': 'ISDS',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS),  Vol.1 of 1',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=000356161_20130305113209',
    'EntityID': '000356161_20130305113209'},
   {'DocDate': '16-JAN-2013',
    'DocType': 'PID',
    'DocTypeDesc': 'Project Information Document (PID),  Vol.1 of 1',
    'DocURL': 'http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSServlet?pcont=details&eid=000356161_20130305113716',
    'EntityID': '000356161_20130305113716'}],
  'projectfinancialtype': 'OTHER',
  'projectstatusdisplay': 'Active',
  'regionname': 'Middle East and North Africa',
  'sector': [{'Name': 'Public administration- Other social services'},
   {'Name': 'General public administration sector'}],
  'sector1': {'Name': 'Public administration- Other social services',
   'Percent': 70},
  'sector2': {'Name': 'General public administration sector', 'Percent': 30},
  'sector_namecode': [{'code': 'BS',
    'name': 'Public administration- Other social services'},
   {'code': 'BZ', 'name': 'General public administration sector'}],
  'sectorcode': 'BZ,BS',
  'source': 'IBRD',
  'status': 'Active',
  'supplementprojectflg': 'N',
  'theme1': {'Name': 'Other economic management', 'Percent': 30},
  'theme_namecode': [{'code': '24', 'name': 'Other economic management'},
   {'code': '54', 'name': 'Social safety nets'}],
  'themecode': '54,24',
  'totalamt': 0,
  'totalcommamt': 4700000,
  'url': 'http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P144674?lang=en'}]

In [7]:
# load as Pandas dataframe
sample_json_df = pd.read_json('data/world_bank_projects_less.json')
sample_json_df


Out[7]:
_id approvalfy board_approval_month boardapprovaldate borrower closingdate country_namecode countrycode countryname countryshortname ... sectorcode source status supplementprojectflg theme1 theme_namecode themecode totalamt totalcommamt url
0 {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c780'} 1999 November 2013-11-12T00:00:00Z FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA 2018-07-07T00:00:00Z Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia!$!ET ET Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ethiopia ... ET,BS,ES,EP IBRD Active N {'Name': 'Education for all', 'Percent': 100} [{'code': '65', 'name': 'Education for all'}] 65 130000000 130000000 http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P129828/ethi...
1 {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c781'} 2015 November 2013-11-04T00:00:00Z GOVERNMENT OF TUNISIA NaN Republic of Tunisia!$!TN TN Republic of Tunisia Tunisia ... BZ,BS IBRD Active N {'Name': 'Other economic management', 'Percent... [{'code': '24', 'name': 'Other economic manage... 54,24 0 4700000 http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P144674?lang=en

2 rows × 50 columns


JSON exercise

Using data in file 'data/world_bank_projects.json' and the techniques demonstrated above,

  1. Find the 10 countries with most projects
  2. Find the top 10 major project themes (using column 'mjtheme_namecode')
  3. In 2. above you will notice that some entries have only the code and the name is missing. Create a dataframe with the missing names filled in.

In [8]:
bank = pd.read_json('data/world_bank_projects.json')
bank.head()


Out[8]:
_id approvalfy board_approval_month boardapprovaldate borrower closingdate country_namecode countrycode countryname countryshortname ... sectorcode source status supplementprojectflg theme1 theme_namecode themecode totalamt totalcommamt url
0 {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c780'} 1999 November 2013-11-12T00:00:00Z FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA 2018-07-07T00:00:00Z Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia!$!ET ET Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ethiopia ... ET,BS,ES,EP IBRD Active N {'Name': 'Education for all', 'Percent': 100} [{'code': '65', 'name': 'Education for all'}] 65 130000000 130000000 http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P129828/ethi...
1 {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c781'} 2015 November 2013-11-04T00:00:00Z GOVERNMENT OF TUNISIA NaN Republic of Tunisia!$!TN TN Republic of Tunisia Tunisia ... BZ,BS IBRD Active N {'Name': 'Other economic management', 'Percent... [{'code': '24', 'name': 'Other economic manage... 54,24 0 4700000 http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P144674?lang=en
2 {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c782'} 2014 November 2013-11-01T00:00:00Z MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVEL NaN Tuvalu!$!TV TV Tuvalu Tuvalu ... TI IBRD Active Y {'Name': 'Regional integration', 'Percent': 46} [{'code': '47', 'name': 'Regional integration'... 52,81,25,47 6060000 6060000 http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P145310?lang=en
3 {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c783'} 2014 October 2013-10-31T00:00:00Z MIN. OF PLANNING AND INT'L COOPERATION NaN Republic of Yemen!$!RY RY Republic of Yemen Yemen, Republic of ... JB IBRD Active N {'Name': 'Participation and civic engagement',... [{'code': '57', 'name': 'Participation and civ... 59,57 0 1500000 http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P144665?lang=en
4 {'$oid': '52b213b38594d8a2be17c784'} 2014 October 2013-10-31T00:00:00Z MINISTRY OF FINANCE 2019-04-30T00:00:00Z Kingdom of Lesotho!$!LS LS Kingdom of Lesotho Lesotho ... FH,YW,YZ IBRD Active N {'Name': 'Export development and competitivene... [{'code': '45', 'name': 'Export development an... 41,45 13100000 13100000 http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P144933/seco...

5 rows × 50 columns

1. Find the 10 countries with most projects


In [9]:
bank.countryname.value_counts().head(10)


Out[9]:
People's Republic of China         19
Republic of Indonesia              19
Socialist Republic of Vietnam      17
Republic of India                  16
Republic of Yemen                  13
Kingdom of Morocco                 12
Nepal                              12
People's Republic of Bangladesh    12
Africa                             11
Republic of Mozambique             11
Name: countryname, dtype: int64

2. Find the top 10 major project themes (using column 'mjtheme_namecode')


In [10]:
names = []
for i in bank.index:
    namecode = bank.loc[i,'mjtheme_namecode']
    names.extend(list(json_normalize(namecode)['name']))

pd.Series(names).value_counts().head(10).drop('', axis=0)


Out[10]:
Environment and natural resources management    223
Rural development                               202
Human development                               197
Public sector governance                        184
Social protection and risk management           158
Financial and private sector development        130
Social dev/gender/inclusion                     119
Trade and integration                            72
Urban development                                47
dtype: int64

3. In 2. above you will notice that some entries have only the code and the name is missing. Create a dataframe with the missing names filled in.


In [11]:
codes_names = pd.DataFrame(columns=['code', 'name'])
for i in bank.index:
    namecode = bank.loc[i,'mjtheme_namecode']
    codes_names = pd.concat([codes_names, json_normalize(namecode)])

codes_names_dict = (codes_names[codes_names.name != '']
                                .drop_duplicates()
                                .to_dict())

In [12]:
for i in bank.index:
    namecode = bank.loc[i,'mjtheme_namecode']
    cell = json_normalize(namecode).replace('', np.nan)
    cell = cell.fillna(codes_names_dict)
    bank.set_value(i, 'mjtheme_namecode', cell.to_dict(orient='record'))