פונקציות מובנות

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print(abs(-5))


    

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numbers = [5, -5, 1.337, -1.337]
for number in numbers:
    print(f"abs({number:>6}) = {abs(number)}")


    

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numbers = [6, 7, 3, 4, 5]
words = ['apple', 'ginger', 'tomato', 'sushi']
print(max(numbers))


    

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print(f"max(numbers) = {max(numbers)}")
print(f"min(numbers) = {min(numbers)}")
print(f"max(words) = {max(words)}")
print(f"min(words) = {min(words)}")


    

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words.append('ZEBRA')
print(f"Minimum in {words} is {min(words)}??")


    

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numbers = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
sum(numbers)


    

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i = 1
while i <= len(numbers):
    sum_until_i = sum(numbers[:i])
    print(f"The sum of the first {i} items in 'numbers' is {sum_until_i}")
    i = i + 1


    

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number = 5.9
round(number)


    

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numbers = [6, 3.1415, 0.9, -0.9, 0.5, -0.5]
for number in numbers:
    print(f"round({number:>6}) = {round(number)}")


    

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pi = 3.141592653589793
round(pi, 3)  # הפרמטר השני פה, 3, מייצג את הדיוק


    

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numbers = [6, 3.1415, 0.9, -0.9, 0.5, -0.5]
round_options = [-1, 1, 2, 3]
for number in numbers:
    for round_argument in round_options:
        result = round(number, round_argument)
        print(f"round({number:>6}, {round_argument}) = {result}")


    

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list('hello')  # Iterable -> List


    

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bool_checks = [
    'hello', '', 0, 1, -1, 0.0, 0.1, 1000, '\n', ' ', [], {}, [1],
]

for check in bool_checks:
    print(f"bool({check!r:>7}) is {bool(check)}")


    

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print(int(True))
print(int(False))


    

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stock = [('apples', 2), ('banana', 3), ('crembo', 4)]
print(dict(stock))


    

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print(int(5.5))
print(float('5.5'))
print(str(True))
print(bool(0))
print(dict([('name', 'Yam'), ('age', 27)]))
tuple_until_4 = (1, 2, 3, 4)
print(list(tuple_until_4))
print(tuple('yo!'))


    

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print(list(5))


    

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values = ['1337', [1, 3, 3, 7], 1337, ['1', '3', '3', '7']]

for value in values:
    id_of_value = id(value)
    print(f'id({str(value):>20}) -> {id_of_value}')


    

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song1 = ["I've", 'got', 'a', 'lovely', 'bunch', 'of', 'coconuts']
song2 = song1  # שתי הרשימות כרגע מצביעות לאותו מקום
song3 = song1[:]  # הערך זהה, אך שכפלנו את הרשימה כך שהמשתנה הזה יצביע למקום אחר
print(f"id(song1): {id(song1)}")
print(f"id(song2): {id(song2)}  # Same id!")
print(f"id(song3): {id(song3)}  # Another id!")
# נשים לב שהן מתנהגות בהתאם:
song2.append("🎵")
print(f"song1: {song1}")
print(f"song2: {song2}")
print(f"song3: {song3}")


    

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collections_of_numbers = [[0, 0, 0]] * 3  # ניצור 3 רשימות של 3 איברים בכל אחת
print(collections_of_numbers)
collections_of_numbers[0].append(100)  # נוסיף את האיבר 100 לרשימה הראשונה בלבד
print(collections_of_numbers)


    

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print(id(collections_of_numbers[0]))
print(id(collections_of_numbers[1]))
print(id(collections_of_numbers[2]))


    

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dir('hello')


    

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dir(str)


    

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x = []
eval("x.append('So lonely')")
print(x)


    

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# לנסות בבית עם כפפות – בסדר. לא לכתוב בשום קוד אחר
print(eval(input("Please enter any mathematical expression: ")))


    

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max_number = int(input())

current_number = 0
total = 0

while current_number <= max_number:
    total = total + current_number
    current_number = current_number + 1

print(total)


    

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for i in range(5):
    print(i)


    

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for i in range(12, 14):
    print(i)


    

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for i in range(0, 101, 10):
    print(i)


    

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sorted('spoilage')


    

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numbers = (612314, 4113, 1, 11, 31)
sorted(numbers)


    

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sorted('deflow', reverse=True)


    

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staff = ["Dafi", "Efrat", "Ido", "Itamar", "Yam"]


    

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staff = sorted(staff, key=len)
print(staff)


    

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paintings = ['Mona Lisa', 'The Creation of Adam', 'The Scream', 'The Starry Night']
artists = ['Leonardo da Vinci', 'Michelangelo', 'Edvard Munch', 'Vincent van Gogh']


    

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i = 0
max_iterations = len(paintings)

while i < max_iterations:
    artist = artists[i]
    painting = paintings[i]
    print(f"{artist} painted '{painting}'.")
    i = i + 1


    

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zipped_values = zip(paintings, artists)
print(list(zipped_values))


    

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for artist, painting in zip(artists, paintings):
    print(f"{artist} painted '{painting}'.")


    

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paintings = ['Mona Lisa', 'The Creation of Adam', 'The Scream', 'The Starry Night']
artists = ['Leonardo da Vinci', 'Michelangelo', 'Edvard Munch', 'Vincent van Gogh']
years = [1503, 1512, 1893, 1889]

for artist, painting, year in zip(artists, paintings, years):
    print(f"{artist} painted '{painting}' in {year}.")


    

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paintings = ['Mona Lisa', 'The Creation of Adam', 'The Scream', 'The Starry Night']
artists = ['Leonardo da Vinci', 'Michelangelo', 'Edvard Munch', 'Vincent van Gogh']

artists_from_paintings = dict(zip(paintings, artists))


    

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print(artists_from_paintings.get('Mona Lisa'))


    

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for painting, artist in artists_from_paintings.items():
    print(f"{artist} painted '{painting}'.")


    

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print(ord('A'))


    

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chars = 'a !א'
for char in chars:
    print(f"ord({char!r}) = {ord(char)}")


    

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ascii_numbers = [97, 32, 33, 1488]
for ascii_number in ascii_numbers:
    # המקפים שם כדי שתראו את הרווח :)
    print(f"chr({ascii_number:>4}) = -{chr(ascii_number)}-")


    

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with open('resources/haiku.txt') as haiku:
    haiku_text = haiku.readlines()


    

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line_number = 0
for line in haiku_text:
    print(f"{line_number}:\t{line.rstrip()}")
    line_number = line_number + 1


    

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haiku_text_enumerated = enumerate(haiku_text)
print(list(haiku_text_enumerated))


    

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for line_number, line in enumerate(haiku_text):
    print(f"{line_number}:\t{line.rstrip()}")
    line_number = line_number + 1


    

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for line_number, line in enumerate(haiku_text, 1):
    print(f"{line_number}:\t{line.rstrip()}")
    line_number = line_number + 1


    

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def create_chars_from_numbers(numbers):
    chars = []
    for number in numbers:
        chars.append(chr(number))
    return chars


def get_all_english_letters():
    first_letter = ord('a')
    last_letter = ord('z')
    all_letters_by_number = range(first_letter, last_letter + 1)
    all_letters = create_chars_from_numbers(all_letters_by_number)
    return all_letters


def get_ceaser_map():
    letters = get_all_english_letters()
    shifted_letters = letters[3:] + letters[:3]
    return dict(zip(letters, shifted_letters))

get_ceaser_map()


    

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def encrypt(message, encryption_map):
    encrypted = ''
    for char in message.lower():
        # If we can't find the character, assume it is not encrypted.
        encrypted = encrypted + encryption_map.get(char, char)
    return encrypted

encryption_map = get_ceaser_map()
encrypted_message = encrypt('This is the encrypted message!', encryption_map)
print(encrypted_message)


    

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def create_decryption_map(encryption_map):
    """Actually just flip the keys and the values of the dictionary"""
    decryption_map = {}
    for key, value in encryption_map.items():
        decryption_map[value] = key
    return decryption_map

def decrypt(message, decryption_map):
    decrypted = ''
    for char in message.lower():
        # If we can't find the character, assume it is not encrypted.
        decrypted = decrypted + decryption_map.get(char, char)
    return decrypted

decryption_map = create_decryption_map(encryption_map)
decrypted_message = decrypt(encrypted_message, decryption_map)
print(decrypted_message)


    

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def convert_to_integers(numbers):
    integers = []
    for number in numbers:
        integers.append(int(number))
    
    return integers


numbers = input("Please enter numbers splitted by ',': ").split(',')
integers = convert_to_integers(numbers)
integers.sort(reverse=True)

for i, number in enumerate(integers):
    current_sum = sum(integers[:i+1])
    print(f"The sum until {number} is {current_sum}")


    

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def get_grades(student_name):
    grades = []
    grade = input(f'Please enter a grade for {student_name}: ')

    while grade.isdecimal():
        grades.append(int(grade))
        grade = input(f'Please enter another grade for {student_name}: ')

    return grades


def get_students():
    students = []
    student = input('Please enter a student: ')

    while student != '':
        students.append(student)
        student = input('Please enter another student: ')

    return students


def get_students_and_grades():
    grades = []
    students = get_students()
    for student in students:
        student_grades = get_grades(student)
        grades.append(student_grades)

    return zip(students, grades)


def get_average_grade(student_and_his_grades):
    grades = student_and_his_grades[1]
    if len(grades) == 0:
        return 0

    return sum(grades) / len(grades)


students_and_grades = get_students_and_grades()
students_sorted_by_grades = sorted(  # מפצלים שורה כדי שלא יהיו שורות ארוכות מדי
    students_and_grades, key=get_average_grade, reverse=True
)
best_student_name, best_grade = students_sorted_by_grades[0]
print(f"The best student is {best_student_name} with the grades: {best_grade}")