Example of linear optimal power flow with coupling to heating sector

In this example three locations are optimised, each with an electric bus and a heating bus and corresponding loads. At each location the electric and heating buses are connected with heat pumps; heat can also be supplied to the heat bus with a boiler. The electric buses are connected with transmission lines and there are electrical generators at two of the nodes.

Available as a Jupyter notebook at http://www.pypsa.org/examples/lopf-with-heating.ipynb.



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# make the code as Python 3 compatible as possible 
from __future__ import print_function, division

import pypsa

import numpy as np

import pandas as pd



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network = pypsa.Network()



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#add three buses of AC and heat carrier each
for i in range(3):
    network.add("Bus","electric bus {}".format(i),v_nom=20.)
    network.add("Bus","heat bus {}".format(i),carrier="heat")



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print(network.buses)



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network.buses["carrier"].value_counts()



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#add three lines in a ring
for i in range(3):
    network.add("Line","line {}".format(i),
                bus0="electric bus {}".format(i),
                bus1="electric bus {}".format((i+1)%3),
                x=0.1,
                s_nom=1000)



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print(network.lines)



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#connect the electric to the heat buses with heat pumps with COP 3.
for i in range(3):
    network.add("Link",
                "heat pump {}".format(i),
                bus0="electric bus {}".format(i),
                bus1="heat bus {}".format(i),
                p_nom=100,
                efficiency=3.)



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print(network.links)



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#add carriers
network.add("Carrier","gas",
           co2_emissions=0.27)
network.add("Carrier","biomass",
           co2_emissions=0.)



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print(network.carriers)



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#add a gas generator at bus 0
network.add("Generator","gas generator",
            bus="electric bus 0",
            p_nom=100,
            marginal_cost=50,
            carrier="gas",
            efficiency=0.3)

#add a biomass generator at bus 1
network.add("Generator","biomass generator",
            bus="electric bus 1",
            p_nom=100,
            marginal_cost=100,
            efficiency=0.3,
            carrier="biomass")

#add a boiler at all heat buses
for i in range(3):
    network.add("Generator","boiler {}".format(i),
            bus="heat bus {}".format(i),
            p_nom=1000,
            efficiency=0.9,
            marginal_cost=20.,
            carrier="gas")



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print(network.generators)



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#add electric loads
for i in range(3):
    network.add("Load","electric load {}".format(i),
                bus="electric bus {}".format(i),
                p_set=i*10)



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#add heat loads
for i in range(3):
    network.add("Load","heat load {}".format(i),
                bus="heat bus {}".format(i),
                p_set=(3-i)*10)



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print(network.loads)



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print(network.loads.p_set)



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#function for the LOPF

def run_lopf():
    network.lopf(keep_files=True)
    print("Objective:",network.objective)
    print(network.generators_t.p)
    print(network.links_t.p0)
    print(network.loads_t.p)



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run_lopf()



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#rerun with marginal costs for the heat pump operation

network.links.marginal_cost = 10
run_lopf()



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#rerun with no CO2 emissions

network.add("GlobalConstraint",
            "co2_limit",
            sense="<=",
            constant=0.)

run_lopf()



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