Stochastic Short Rates

This brief section illustrates the use of stochastic short rate models for simulation and (risk-neutral) discounting. The class used is called stochastic_short_rate.

The Modelling

First, the market environment. As a stochastic short rate model the square_root_diffusion class is (currently) available. We therefore need to define the respective parameters for this class in the market environment.



In [1]:

    
from dx import *



In [2]:

    
me = market_environment(name='me', pricing_date=dt.datetime(2015, 1, 1))
me.add_constant('initial_value', 0.01)
me.add_constant('volatility', 0.1)
me.add_constant('kappa', 2.0)
me.add_constant('theta', 0.05)
me.add_constant('paths', 1000)
me.add_constant('frequency', 'M')
me.add_constant('starting_date', me.pricing_date)
me.add_constant('final_date', dt.datetime(2015, 12, 31))
me.add_curve('discount_curve', 0.0)  # dummy
me.add_constant('currency', 0.0)  # dummy

Second, the instantiation of the class.



In [3]:

    
ssr = stochastic_short_rate('sr', me)

The following is an example list object containing datetime objects.



In [4]:

    
time_list = [dt.datetime(2015, 1, 1),
             dt.datetime(2015, 4, 1),
             dt.datetime(2015, 6, 15),
             dt.datetime(2015, 10, 21)]

The call of the method get_forward_reates() yields the above time_list object and the simulated forward rates. In this case, 10 simulations.



In [5]:

    
ssr.get_forward_rates(time_list, 10)









    Out[5]:





([datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0),
  datetime.datetime(2015, 4, 1, 0, 0),
  datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 15, 0, 0),
  datetime.datetime(2015, 10, 21, 0, 0)],
 array([[ 0.01      ,  0.01      ,  0.01      ,  0.01      ,  0.01      ,
          0.01      ,  0.01      ,  0.01      ,  0.01      ,  0.01      ],
        [ 0.03277202,  0.02888579,  0.02597219,  0.03437966,  0.02609197,
          0.02668004,  0.03056627,  0.03347986,  0.02507239,  0.03336008],
        [ 0.04847622,  0.02778153,  0.02208502,  0.03542504,  0.03381398,
          0.02848213,  0.04861457,  0.05589349,  0.03990585,  0.04257658],
        [ 0.05166403,  0.04121302,  0.05144506,  0.06797319,  0.02824299,
          0.0419498 ,  0.05243283,  0.03619928,  0.02328994,  0.06677311]]))

Accordingly, the call of the get_discount_factors() method yields simulated zero-coupon bond prices for the time grid.



In [6]:

    
ssr.get_discount_factors(time_list, 10)









    Out[6]:





([datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0),
  datetime.datetime(2015, 4, 1, 0, 0),
  datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 15, 0, 0),
  datetime.datetime(2015, 10, 21, 0, 0)],
 array([[ 0.96930155,  0.97754222,  0.97798078,  0.9696954 ,  0.97874354,
          0.97771286,  0.96961689,  0.96977567,  0.97816125,  0.96819563],
        [ 0.97442643,  0.98223994,  0.98232769,  0.97501559,  0.98310835,
          0.98214428,  0.97447841,  0.97498814,  0.98239997,  0.97338523],
        [ 0.98259442,  0.98797521,  0.98718981,  0.98203326,  0.98917777,
          0.98772624,  0.98243814,  0.9839819 ,  0.98898026,  0.981009  ],
        [ 1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ,
          1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ]]))

Stochstic Drifts

Let us value use the stochastic short rate model to simulate a geometric Brownian motion with stochastic short rate. Define the market environment as follows:



In [7]:

    
me.add_constant('initial_value', 36.)
me.add_constant('volatility', 0.2)
  # time horizon for the simulation
me.add_constant('currency', 'EUR')
me.add_constant('frequency', 'M')
  # monthly frequency; paramter accorind to pandas convention
me.add_constant('paths', 10)
  # number of paths for simulation

Then add the stochastic_short_rate object as discount curve.



In [8]:

    
me.add_curve('discount_curve', ssr)

Finally, instantiate the geometric_brownian_motion object.



In [9]:

    
gbm = geometric_brownian_motion('gbm', me)

We get simulated instrument values as usual via the get_instrument_values() method.



In [10]:

    
gbm.get_instrument_values()









    Out[10]:





array([[ 36.        ,  36.        ,  36.        ,  36.        ,
         36.        ,  36.        ,  36.        ,  36.        ,
         36.        ,  36.        ],
       [ 36.8060297 ,  35.75560124,  34.98778226,  37.24953986,
         35.01902026,  35.17279091,  36.20609756,  37.00065288,
         34.75400748,  36.96764721],
       [ 38.21614839,  34.16569133,  32.70350696,  36.40954077,
         34.65561565,  33.87070953,  37.88603564,  39.58040249,
         35.55090852,  37.35044144],
       [ 38.47450027,  33.88999526,  34.0982215 ,  39.27489627,
         32.69322908,  33.66728041,  38.22119959,  37.9877562 ,
         32.97984662,  39.62076877],
       [ 37.76574157,  33.70921262,  34.93754066,  41.4857547 ,
         33.30286899,  34.3470077 ,  38.48001428,  37.12512733,
         31.26650887,  38.95014155],
       [ 41.40824335,  32.65237919,  34.18828508,  39.57699414,
         36.64649108,  31.39011407,  39.80780981,  38.01482674,
         32.84186281,  35.46744615],
       [ 41.32002568,  32.83888512,  33.57945454,  39.52883894,
         36.05892171,  31.53555452,  39.68092784,  38.79866413,
         32.96181069,  36.13177382],
       [ 46.41216195,  32.72457065,  32.48000699,  35.96872893,
         38.02757568,  28.16218767,  39.93935721,  40.23115152,
         36.33000552,  34.36135112],
       [ 43.76336092,  34.05939936,  38.16985125,  37.76248586,
         35.7087264 ,  29.96841401,  38.50269177,  34.34515834,
         34.71596345,  36.71192144],
       [ 43.41102129,  33.28842046,  37.53369604,  35.44705255,
         34.25211077,  30.3159961 ,  39.53272861,  35.04339421,
         37.10939043,  38.4034044 ],
       [ 50.70091956,  35.54130837,  33.67719457,  34.15617789,
         36.58057258,  26.05844606,  37.16975856,  39.1972456 ,
         38.65893079,  36.09388287],
       [ 51.40881852,  33.92751964,  30.54827552,  36.53604564,
         38.97303122,  25.80445233,  39.08967422,  43.37205968,
         36.28052847,  34.0082156 ],
       [ 45.46321155,  31.21544356,  30.90125559,  39.76590057,
         39.76247076,  29.30040939,  42.66414473,  43.05146618,
         33.47040857,  33.47267446]])

Visualization of Simulated Stochastic Short Rate



In [11]:

    
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns; sns.set()
%matplotlib inline



In [12]:

    
# short rate paths
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.plot(ssr.process.instrument_values[:, :10]);

Copyright, License & Disclaimer

DX Analytics (the "dx library") is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License version 3 or later (see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/).

DX Analytics comes with no representations or warranties, to the extent permitted by applicable law.

http://tpq.io | team@tpq.io | http://twitter.com/dyjh

Quant Platform | http://quant-platform.com

Derivatives Analytics with Python (Wiley Finance) | http://derivatives-analytics-with-python.com

Python for Finance (O'Reilly) | http://python-for-finance.com