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# Let printing work the same in Python 2 and 3
from __future__ import print_function
# Turning on inline plots -- just for use in ipython notebooks.
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('nbagg')
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Anything that can be displayed in a Figure is an Artist. There are two main classes of Artists: primatives and containers. Below is a sample of these primitives.
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"""
Show examples of matplotlib artists
http://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html
Several examples of standard matplotlib graphics primitives (artists)
are drawn using matplotlib API. Full list of artists and the
documentation is available at
http://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html
Copyright (c) 2010, Bartosz Telenczuk
License: This work is licensed under the BSD. A copy should be
included with this source code, and is also available at
http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
"""
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
import matplotlib.path as mpath
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(7,7))
# create 3x3 grid to plot the artists
pos = np.mgrid[0.2:0.8:3j, 0.2:0.8:3j].reshape(2, -1)
patches = []
# add a circle
art = mpatches.Circle(pos[:, 0], 0.1, ec="none")
patches.append(art)
plt.text(pos[0, 0], pos[1, 0] - 0.15, "Circle", ha="center", size=14)
# add a rectangle
art = mpatches.Rectangle(pos[:, 1] - [0.025, 0.05], 0.05, 0.1, ec="none")
patches.append(art)
plt.text(pos[0, 1], pos[1, 1] - 0.15, "Rectangle", ha="center", size=14)
# add a wedge
wedge = mpatches.Wedge(pos[:, 2], 0.1, 30, 270, ec="none")
patches.append(wedge)
plt.text(pos[0, 2], pos[1, 2] - 0.15, "Wedge", ha="center", size=14)
# add a Polygon
polygon = mpatches.RegularPolygon(pos[:, 3], 5, 0.1)
patches.append(polygon)
plt.text(pos[0, 3], pos[1, 3] - 0.15, "Polygon", ha="center", size=14)
#add an ellipse
ellipse = mpatches.Ellipse(pos[:, 4], 0.2, 0.1)
patches.append(ellipse)
plt.text(pos[0, 4], pos[1, 4] - 0.15, "Ellipse", ha="center", size=14)
#add an arrow
arrow = mpatches.Arrow(pos[0, 5] - 0.05, pos[1, 5] - 0.05, 0.1, 0.1, width=0.1)
patches.append(arrow)
plt.text(pos[0, 5], pos[1, 5] - 0.15, "Arrow", ha="center", size=14)
# add a path patch
Path = mpath.Path
verts = np.array([
(0.158, -0.257),
(0.035, -0.11),
(-0.175, 0.20),
(0.0375, 0.20),
(0.085, 0.115),
(0.22, 0.32),
(0.3, 0.005),
(0.20, -0.05),
(0.158, -0.257),
])
verts = verts - verts.mean(0)
codes = [Path.MOVETO,
Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4, Path.LINETO,
Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4, Path.CLOSEPOLY]
path = mpath.Path(verts / 2.5 + pos[:, 6], codes)
patch = mpatches.PathPatch(path)
patches.append(patch)
plt.text(pos[0, 6], pos[1, 6] - 0.15, "PathPatch", ha="center", size=14)
# add a fancy box
fancybox = mpatches.FancyBboxPatch(
pos[:, 7] - [0.025, 0.05], 0.05, 0.1,
boxstyle=mpatches.BoxStyle("Round", pad=0.02))
patches.append(fancybox)
plt.text(pos[0, 7], pos[1, 7] - 0.15, "FancyBoxPatch", ha="center", size=14)
# add a line
x,y = np.array([[-0.06, 0.0, 0.1], [0.05,-0.05, 0.05]])
line = mlines.Line2D(x+pos[0, 8], y+pos[1, 8], lw=5.)
plt.text(pos[0, 8], pos[1, 8] - 0.15, "Line2D", ha="center", size=14)
collection = PatchCollection(patches)
ax.add_collection(collection)
ax.add_line(line)
ax.set_axis_off()
plt.show()
Containers are objects like Figure and Axes. Containers are given primitives to draw. The plotting functions we discussed back in Parts 1 & 2 are convenience functions that generate these primitives and places them into the appropriate containers. In fact, most of those functions will return artist objects (or a list of artist objects) as well as store them into the appropriate axes container.
As discussed in Part 3, there is a wide range of properties that can be defined for your plots. These properties are processed and applied to their primitives. Ultimately, you can override anything you want just by directly setting a property to the object itself.
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
lines = plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4], 'b', [1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 3, 2, 1], 'r')
lines[0].set(linewidth=5)
lines[1].set(linewidth=10, alpha=0.7)
plt.show()
To see what properties are set for an artist, use getp()
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fig = plt.figure()
print(plt.getp(fig.patch))
plt.close(fig)
In addition to the Figure and Axes containers, there is another special type of container called a Collection. A Collection usually contains a list of primitives of the same kind that should all be treated similiarly. For example, a CircleCollection would have a list of Circle objects all with the same color, size, and edge width. Individual property values for artists in the collection can also be set (in some cases).
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from matplotlib.collections import LineCollection
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
# A collection of 3 lines
lc = LineCollection([[(4, 10), (16, 10)],
[(2, 2), (10, 15), (6, 7)],
[(14, 3), (1, 1), (3, 5)]])
lc.set_color('r')
lc.set_linewidth(5)
ax.add_collection(lc)
ax.set_xlim(0, 18)
ax.set_ylim(0, 18)
plt.show()
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# Now set individual properties in a collection
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
lc = LineCollection([[(4, 10), (16, 10)],
[(2, 2), (10, 15), (6, 7)],
[(14, 3), (1, 1), (3, 5)]])
lc.set_color(['r', 'blue', (0.2, 0.9, 0.3)])
lc.set_linewidth([4, 3, 6])
ax.add_collection(lc)
ax.set_xlim(0, 18)
ax.set_ylim(0, 18)
plt.show()
There are other kinds of collections that are not just simply a list of primitives, but are Artists in their own right. These special kinds of collections take advantage of various optimizations that can be assumed when rendering similar or identical things. You use these collections all the time whether you realize it or not! Markers are implemented this way (so, whenever you do plot() or scatter(), for example).
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from matplotlib.collections import RegularPolyCollection
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
offsets = np.random.rand(20, 2)
collection = RegularPolyCollection(
numsides=5, # a pentagon
sizes=(150,),
offsets=offsets,
transOffset=ax.transData,
)
ax.add_collection(collection)
plt.show()
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%load exercises/5.1-goldstar.py
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from matplotlib.collections import StarPolygonCollection
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
collection = StarPolygonCollection(5,
offsets=[(0.5, 0.5)],
transOffset=ax.transData)
ax.add_collection(collection)
plt.show()
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