\{ and \}$ \phi $ : $\phi$\not. For instance, for not subset, write as $A \not\subset B$ which results in $A \not\subset B$\frac{x}{y} to represent x over y: $\frac{x}{y}$_{} and superscript as ^{}. For instance $P_{23}$ for $P_{23}$ and $P^{34}$ for $P^{34}$\bar x: $\bar x$
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