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 'data': [u'From: healta@saturn.wwc.edu (Tammy R Healy)\nSubject: Re: who are we to judge, Bobby?\nLines: 38\nOrganization: Walla Walla College\nLines: 38\n\nIn article <1993Apr14.213356.22176@ultb.isc.rit.edu> snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu (S.N. Mozumder ) writes:\n>From: snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu (S.N. Mozumder )\n>Subject: Re: who are we to judge, Bobby?\n>Date: Wed, 14 Apr 1993 21:33:56 GMT\n>In article <healta.56.734556346@saturn.wwc.edu> healta@saturn.wwc.edu (TAMMY R HEALY) writes:\n>>Bobby,\n>>\n>>I would like to take the liberty to quote from a Christian writer named \n>>Ellen G. White.  I hope that what she said will help you to edit your \n>>remarks in this group in the future.\n>>\n>>"Do not set yourself as a standard.  Do not make your opinions, your views \n>>of duty, your interpretations of scripture, a criterion for others and in \n>>your heart condemn them if they do not come up to your ideal."\n>>                         Thoughts Fromthe Mount of Blessing p. 124\n>>\n>>I hope quoting this doesn\'t make the atheists gag, but I think Ellen White \n>>put it better than I could.\n>> \n>>Tammy\n>\n>Point?\n>\n>Peace,\n>\n>Bobby Mozumder\n>\nMy point is that you set up your views as the only way to believe.  Saying \nthat all eveil in this world is caused by atheism is ridiculous and \ncounterproductive to dialogue in this newsgroups.  I see in your posts a \nspirit of condemnation of the atheists in this newsgroup bacause they don\'\nt believe exactly as you do.  If you\'re here to try to convert the atheists \nhere, you\'re failing miserably.  Who wants to be in position of constantly \ndefending themselves agaist insulting attacks, like you seem to like to do?!\nI\'m sorry you\'re so blind that you didn\'t get the messgae in the quote, \neveryone else has seemed to.\n\nTammy\n',
  u"From: jk87377@lehtori.cc.tut.fi (Kouhia Juhana)\nSubject: Re: More gray levels out of the screen\nOrganization: Tampere University of Technology\nLines: 21\nDistribution: inet\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cc.tut.fi\n\nIn article <1993Apr6.011605.909@cis.uab.edu> sloan@cis.uab.edu\n(Kenneth Sloan) writes:\n>\n>Why didn't you create 8 grey-level images, and display them for\n>1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128... time slices?\n\nBy '8 grey level images' you mean 8 items of 1bit images?\nIt does work(!), but it doesn't work if you have more than 1bit\nin your screen and if the screen intensity is non-linear.\n\nWith 2 bit per pixel; there could be 1*c_1 + 4*c_2 timing,\nthis gives 16 levels, but they are linear if screen intensity is\nlinear.\nWith 1*c_1 + 2*c_2 it works, but we have to find the best\ncompinations -- there's 10 levels, but 16 choises; best 10 must be\nchosen. Different compinations for the same level, varies a bit, but\nthe levels keeps their order.\n\nReaders should verify what I wrote... :-)\n\nJuhana Kouhia\n",
  u'Subject: PHIGS User Group Conference\nFrom: hamlin@ug.eds.com (Griff Hamlin)\nReply-To: hamlin@ug.eds.com (Griff Hamlin)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: EDS Unigraphics, Cypress CA\nNntp-Posting-Host: 134.244.15.158\nLines: 173\n\n\n\n                FIRST ANNUAL PHIGS USER GROUP CONFERENCE\n\n          The First Annual PHIGS User Group Conference was held March 21-24\n          in Orlando, Florida.  The conference was organized by the Rensse-\n          laer Design Research Center in co-operation with  IEEE  and  SIG-\n          GRAPH.   Attendees  came  from five countries spanning three con-\n          tinents.   A  good  cross-section  of  the  PHIGS  community  was\n          represented  at this conference with participants including PHIGS\n          users, workstation vendors, third-party PHIGS implementors, stan-\n          dards  committee  members,  and  researchers  from  industry  and\n          academia.  The opening speaker, Dr. Richard Puk, challenged PHIGS\n          users  to  "take  charge of your PHIGS" by participating in PHIGS\n          standardization activities and communicating their needs to PHIGS\n          implementors.    The   closing  speaker,  Dr.  Andries  Van  Dam,\n          described his vision of the future of graphics standards  "beyond\n          PHIGS".\n\n          Technical paper sessions in the conference covered the  following\n          topics:  PHIGS  and  X, Application Toolkits, Application Issues,\n          Texture Mapping, NURBS,  PHIGS  Extensions,  and  Object-Oriented\n          Libraries and Frameworks.  Panel sessions on PHIGS and PEX, PHIGS\n          Non-Retained Data, Real-World CAD Applications Using  PHIGS,  and\n          Portability  Issues generated enthusiastic discussions and formed\n          a good forum for exchange of ideas, needs, and experiences.   The\n          conference  also included a day full of tutorials on topics rang-\n          ing from mathematics for 3D  graphics  to  object-oriented  tools\n          based on PHIGS.\n\n          Next year\'s conference is planned for March, 1994.\n\n          PHIGS EVERYWHERE\n\n          At the conference, PHIGS  vendors   described   and  demonstrated\n          PHIGS  products  that  run on all types of computers, from PCs to\n          mainframes.\n\n          Megatek Corporation demonstrated their PHIGS extensions including\n          conditional traversal, composite logical input devices, texturing\n          and translucency.\n\n          Template Graphics  Software  launched  FIGARO+  PRO,  the  Photo-\n          Realistic  Option  for  PHIGS+.  FIGARO+  PRO  is designed to add\n          advanced rendering to the existing PHIGS+ API, with features like\n          ray   tracing,  materials,  anti-aliasing  and  texture  mapping.\n          Radiosity support is also planned.\n\n          FIGARO+ is an example of how TGS continues to add newly  emerging\n          graphics  features to their products.  FIGARO+ supports immediate\n          mode extensions to PHIGS and also supports SUN XGL,  HP  Starbase\n          and SGI GL/OpenGL. FIGARO+ for NT will be released this summer.\n\n          TGS also demonstrated the latest versions of FIGraph, a  powerful\n          "2-call"  charting  system  based on PHIGS+, and FIGt, an object-\n          oriented utility library for PHIGS/PEX developers.\n\n          G5G and Gallium Software demonstrated a new version of GPHIGS  on\n          Silicon  Graphics  workstations. Scheduled for summer, 1993, Ver-\n          sion 3.0 of GPHIGS, the company\'s  PHIGS+  library  for  worksta-\n          tions,  will include an advanced PHIGS debugger that allows PHIGS\n          developers to display and browse PHIGS structures and other PHIGS\n          internal  state.  G5G  also  described  their Non-Duplicated Data\n          Store that stores pointers to application data in the GPHIGS  CSS\n          for  more  efficient  use  of  memory. In addition, G5G described\n          their application GSE that allows application callback  functions\n          during  GPHIGS traversal.  GPHIGS and PHIGURE, G5G\'s data visual-\n          izer and application development toolkit, are currently available\n          on  all  major  workstations  that support GL, X Windows, PEX, or\n          Starbase.\n\n          Wise Software presented a slide show of  Z-PHIGS  for  MS-Windows\n          and ARENA, a PHIGS based modeller/render. Z-PHIGS implements most\n          of the PHIGS+ primitives.  In addition Z-PHIGS has built in  many\n          advanced  rendering features like texture mapping, shadow genera-\n          tion, area quick updates and ray tracing. A demo disk of  Z-PHIGS\n          or ARENA is available on request.\n\n          ATC exhibited GRAFPAK-PHIGS, their full-featured PHIGS  implemen-\n          tation  based  on  DEC  PHIGS. GRAFPAK-PHIGS is available on most\n          workstation platforms with C, FORTRAN and Ada bindings and incor-\n          porates PEX support.\n\n          Within the booth sponsored by Advanced Technology Center, Digital\n          Equipment  Corporation demonstrated DEC PHIGS V2.4 running on the\n          DEC 3000/400 AXP PXG. ATCs\' GRAFPAK-PHIGS is a port of DEC PHIGS.\n          DEC  PHIGS  V2.4 contains most PHIGS and PHIGS PLUS features with\n          support for PEX V5.1  protocol.  DEC  PHIGS  also  contains  most\n          GM/EDS   PHIGS  extensions  including  post-to-view  as  well  as\n          proprietary extensions to support immediate  mode  rendering  and\n          the use of PHIGS in an X11 environment.\n\n          AXP, DEC, and DEC PHIGS are trademarks of Digital Equipment  Cor-\n          poration.  GRAFPAK-PHIGS and ATC are trademarks of Advanced Tech-\n          nology Center. PEX and X11 are trademarks of Massachusetts Insti-\n          tute of Technology.\n\n          The IBM exhibit featured a GTO accelerator attached to an IBM 340\n          workstation running graPHIGS and PEX.\n\n          Hewlett Packard and SHOgraphics demonstrated at the conference. A\n          Hewlett  Packard  machine was coupled to display on a SHOgraphics\n          PEX terminal. HP showcased their latest  PHIGS  product  enhance-\n          ments.\n\n\n          PHIGS USER GROUP\n\n          The PHIGS Users Group was formed to aid the development of  PHIGS\n          applications  and provide user feedback to PHIGS implementors and\n          PHIGS standards bodies.  For more  information  about  the  PHIGS\n          Users Group, send e-mail to:\n\n                    phigsug@cadrt10.me.vt.edu\n\n          or write to:\n\n                    Sankar Jayaram\n                    Virginia Polytechnic Institute\n                    114 Randolph Hall\n                    Blacksburg, Va. 24061-0238\n                    FAX: 703-231-9100\n\n\n          VENDOR CONTACTS\n\n          Megatek Corporation\n          TEL (619) 455-5590\n          FAX (619) 453-7603\n\n          Template Graphics Software\n          TEL (800) 544-4847\n          FAX (619) 452-2547\n\n          WISE software GmbH\n          TEL +49-451-3909-413\n          FAX +49-451-3909-499\n\n          G5G - North American Sales\n          TEL (800) 267-2626\n          FAX (613) 592-1278\n\n          Advanced Technology Center\n          TEL (800) 999-5711\n          FAX (714) 583-9213\n\n          Digital Equipment Corporation\n          TEL (603) 884-5111\n\n          International Business Machines Corporation\n          TEL (800) 426-3333\n\n          Hewlett Packard Company\n          TEL (303) 229-3800\n\n          COPIES OF THE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS\n\n          Copies of the conference proceedings may be obtained by  contact-\n          ing Mary Johnson at:\n\n                    Johnson, Mary\n                    Design and Manufacturing Institute\n                    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute\n                    110 Eighth Street\n                    Building CII, Room 7015\n                    Troy, NY  12180-3590\n                    Tel:  (518)276-6754\n                    Fax:  (518)276-2702\n                    Email:  mjohnson@rdrc.rpi.edu\n\n\n          The cost is $75.00 per binder.\n\n',
  u'From: joslin@pogo.isp.pitt.edu (David Joslin)\nSubject: Re: Language and agreement\nOrganization: Intelligent Systems Program\nLines: 59\n\nI responded to Jim\'s other articles today, but I see that I neglected\nto respond to this one.  I wouldn\'t want him to think me a hypocrite\nfor not responding to *every* stupid article on t.r.m.\n\nm23364@mwunix.mitre.org (James Meritt) writes:\n>From my handy dictionary:\n[dictionary definitions of "not" "disagree" and "agree" deleted]\n>Please operationally differentiate between "not disagree" and "agree".\n\nOh, but I\'m weary of trying to wade through Jim\'s repertoire of \nred herrings and smoke screens.\n\nLet\'s see what we get when we run all four articles posted by Jim today\nthrough the \'discord\' filter (a Markov chain program that Steve Lamont\nwas kind enough to send me):\n\n\tTaking action? A white geese be held\n\tas an accomplice to be held as\n\ta decision upon the door\n\tA black and white goose waddles past\n\tthe eyes of the door. \n\tHits it with the confidence interval for \n\tthat individual is held responsible \n\tfor that, that individual \n\tmay be held as a \n\tgetaway car may be held \n\tas an uncountably large number \n\tof the driver of something \n\tand agree.\n\n\tA black goose \n\twaddles past the person imprisoned?\n\n\tWhite goose waddles past the \n\tconfidence interval for the population \n\tof geese be axed, \n\tfine.\n\tAnd white goose \n\twaddles past the door.\n\nDoes running Jim\'s articles through \'discord\' make them more\ncoherent?  Less coherent?\n\nOr has \'discord\' turned Jim\'s articles into an angst-ridden poem\nabout making choices in a world filled with uncertainty, yet being\nheld responsible for the choices we make?  Do the geese symbolize\nan inner frustration with ambiguity, a desire that everything be\nblack and white, with no shades of gray?  Does the "getaway car"\ntell us that to try to renounce the existential nature of our\nbeing is not to "get away" from responsibility for our actions,\nbut rather to take the role of the passive accomplice, the\n"driver" of the getaway car, as it were?  Does the juxtaposition\nof man and machine, car and driver, reveal a subtext: an internal\nconflict between determinism and moral responsibility?\n\nOr am I reading too much into a collaboration between Jim and\na random number generator?\n\ndj\n',
  u'From: adaptive@cs.nps.navy.mil (zyda res acct)\nSubject: Re: 3d Head model ... (not again, groan)\nOrganization: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey\nLines: 40\n\n>O.K., sorry to post a question which seems to crop up\n>quite regularly in this group however I have yet\n>to get a specific and usefull (in my context) answer   \n>to where I can get hold of 3d data for a head.\n>\n>WHAT I AM LOOKING FOR :\n>\n>Simple polyon description of head / face which can be EASILY\n>converted for, or used with, POV (raytracer). \n>(i.e. <1500 polygons)\n\nWell, I am placing a file at my ftp today that contains several\npolygonal descriptions of a head, face, skull, vase, etc. The format\nof the files is a list of vertices, normals, and triangles. There are\nvarious resolutions and the name of the data file includes the number\nof polygons, eg. phred.1.3k.vbl contains 1300 polygons.\n\n\nIn order to get the data via ftp do the following:\n\n\t1) ftp taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil\n\t2) login as anonymous, guest as the password\n\t3) cd pub/dabro\n\t4) binary\n\t5) get cyber.tar.Z\n\nOnce you get the data onto your workstation:\n\n\t1) uncompress data.tar.Z\n\t2) tar xvof data.tar\n\nIf you have any questions, please let me know.\n\ngeorge dabro\ndabro@taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil\n-- \ngeorge dabrowski\nCyberware Labs\n\ndabro@taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil\n',
  u"From: fitz@cse.ogi.edu (Bob Fitzsimmons)\nSubject: Re: VGA Graphics Library\nKeywords: C, library, graphics\nArticle-I.D.: ogicse.53715\nOrganization: Oregon Grad. Inst. Computer Science and Eng., Beaverton\nLines: 26\n\nIn article <2054@mwca.UUCP> bill@mwca.UUCP (Bill Sheppard) writes:\n>Many high-end graphics cards come with C source code for doing basic graphics\n>sorts of things (change colors, draw points/lines/polygons/fills, etc.).  Does\n>such a library exist for generic VGA graphics cards/chips, hopefully in the\n>public domain?  This would be for the purpose of compiling under a non-DOS\n>operating system running on a standard PC.\n>\n\nI'm also interested in info both public domain and commercial graphics library \npackage to do PC VGA graphics.  \n\nI'm currently working on a realtime application running on a PCC with a \nnon-DOS kernel that needs to do some simple graphics.  I'm not sure if \nreentrancy of the graphics library is going to be an issue or not.  \nI suspect I'll implement the display controller as a server process that \nhandles graphics requests, queued on a mailbox, one at a time.  If this \nprovides sufficiently frequent display updates then I believe that I can \nrestrict all graphics operations to be performed by the server and thus \nconstrain access to the library to a this single process and avoid the need\nfor a reentrant graphics library.  \n\nBeing fairly new to the realtime systems world I may be overlooking something,\nwhat do you think?\n\nCheers,\nBob Fitzsimmons\t\tfitz@cse.ogi.edu\t\t(503)297-3165\n",
  u"From: pwg25888@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Patrick W. Grady)\nSubject: Re: Did any DC-X gifs show up?\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 30\n\nfils@iastate.edu (Douglas R Fils) writes:\n\n>In article <1qgiah$h9g@news.cerf.net> diaspar@nic.cerf.net (Diaspar Virtual Reality Network) writes:\n>>The rollout was great and I got lots of great shots. I attended\n>>the press briefing and got shots of the DC-Y model, too. All\n>>in 3D\n>>\n>>David H. Mitchell\n>>\n>>\n>David,\n>\tAre you still planing on scanning these and posting them\n>somewhere?  Hope Hope Hope.  If you could that would be GREAT.\n\n>Thanks for report of the rollout as well\n>take care\n>Doug\n\n\tThey did the rollout already??!?  I am going to have to pay more\nattention to the news.  Are any of the gifs headed for wuarchive??\n \n\nPatrick\n\n\n-- \nPatrick Grady \t\t      |How do they manage it, these humans-beginning\n pwg25888@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu    |each time so innocently, yet always ending up\n pwg25888@sumter.cso.uiuc.edu |with the most blood on their hands?\n\t\t\t      |Fathertree to bugger, O.S. Card's _Xenocide_\n",
  u"From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Moonbase race\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 22\n\nGeorge William Herbert sez:\n\n>Hmm.  $1 billion, lesse... I can probably launch 100 tons to LEO at\n>$200 million, in five years, which gives about 20 tons to the lunar\n>surface one-way.  Say five tons of that is a return vehicle and its\n>fuel, a bigger Mercury or something (might get that as low as two\n>tons), leaving fifteen tons for a one-man habitat and a year's supplies?\n>Gee, with that sort of mass margins I can build the systems off\n>the shelf for about another hundred million tops.  That leaves\n>about $700 million profit.  I like this idea 8-)  Let's see\n>if you guys can push someone to make it happen 8-) 8-)\n\nI like your optimism, George.  I don't know doots about raising that kind\nof dough, but if you need people to split the work and the $700M, you just\ngive me a ring :-)  Living alone for a year on the moon sounds horrid, but\nI'd even try that, if I got a bigger cut.  :-)\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u'From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: JPL\'s VLBI Project Meets with International Space Agencies\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 112\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nKeywords: VLBI, JPL\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nFrom the "JPL Universe"\nApril 23, 1993\n\nVLBI project meets with international space agencies\n\nBy Ed McNevin\n     Members of JPL\'s Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry\n(VLBI) project team recently concluded a week-long series of\nmeetings with officials from Russia and Japan.\n     The meetings were part of "Space VLBI Week" held at JPL in\nearly March and were intended to maintain cooperation between\ninternational space agencies participating in the development of\nthe U.S. Space VLBI Project, a recently approved JPL flight\nproject set for launch in 1995.\n     U.S. Space VLBI will utilize two Earth-orbiting spacecraft\n-- the Japanese VSOP (VLBI Space Observing Program) satellite\nwith its 8-meter radio telescope, and a Russian RADIOASTRON\n10-meter satellite. Both spacecraft will team up with\nground-based radio telescopes located around the world to create\na radio telescope network that astronomers hope will expand radio\ntelescope observing power by a factor of 10.\n     Japan\'s VSOP satellite will use a limited six-hour orbit to\nconduct imaging science, while the Russian RADIOASTRON spacecraft\nwill exploit a larger, 28-hour Earth orbit to conduct exploratory\nradio astronomy. Each satellite will point at a source target for\nroughly 24 hours, while approximately 20 ground-based radio\ntelescopes will simultaneously point at the same source object\nwhile within view on Earth.\n     According to Dr. Joel Smith, JPL\'s project manager for the\nU.S. Space VLBI, meetings like those held at JPL will permit\nJapan and Russia, who have little previous experience in radio\ninterferometry, to establish working relationships with the radio\nastronomy communities that will be vital during the complex\nobservations required by the Space VLBI project.\n     "One of our main activities is developing the methodology\nfor international coordination, because the two spacecraft\nsimultaneously rely on the corresponding tracking stations while\nusing the ground-based radio telescopes to observe the same\ncelestial objects," said Smith.\n     Three new tracking antennas are being built at DSN\nfacilities and other three other tracking facilities located in\nJapan, Russia and Green Bank, W.Va. This global network of\nground-based radio telescopes will use precision clocks and\nhigh-speed recorders to collect observation data and forward the\ninformation to a correlator located at the National Radio\nAstronomy Observatory in Socorro, N.M. The correlator will\ncombine and process data, then make it available to mission\ninvestigators in Moscow, Tokyo, and JPL via electronic mail.\n     Smith is optimistic that the massive radio telescope created\nby the Space VLBI network will provide radio astronomers with\nbetter resolution than has ever been achieved before by\nground-based radio telescopes, allowing astronomers to take a\ncloser look at distant objects in space.\n     "There is a long history of radio astronomy using\nground-based telescopes," said Smith. "What we intend to do is to\nextend radio astronomy into Earth orbit. Our goal is to look\ndeeper into the cores of galactic nuclei, quasars and other\nactive radio sources to understand what drives those things we\nhave seen so far with radio astronomy."\n     Smith noted that if one examines "the active galactic\nnuclei, you\'ll find jets appearing to spew at speeds greater than\nlight, and at energy levels that are millions of times greater\nthan you would expect."\n     He said some astronomers believe that black holes may be\nlocated in the cores of these galaxies, and that they may fuel\nthe jets. Smith hopes that "by using Space VLBI to look further\ninto the cores, this theory may be supported or disproved."\n     Russian space-flight hardware, including transponders and\ntransmitters, are now being tested in the United States, and\nJapanese hardware is scheduled to arrive for testing later this\nyear. Analysis of this hardware will permit U.S. scientists and\nengineers to understand how to modify the high-speed VLBA\nCorrelator operating at the NRAO in order to accommodate the odd\ndata patterns that will originate from the more than 20\nground-based radio telescopes involved in Space VLBI.\n     Smith is particularly pleased that meetings with the\nJapanese and Russian space agency officials -- like those held at\nJPL in March -- have proceeded smoothly. Yet he knows that the\npolitical uncertainty in Russia could jeopardize that country\'s\nparticipation in the project.\n     "Nothing is ever smooth," he said, "but the Russians have\nbeen incredibly open with us. We always anticipated some\nlikelihood that we will not succeed because of political factors\nbeyond our control, yet there tends to be a way of keeping these\nthings going, because scientists on both sides are trying hard,\nand people recognize the value of cooperation at this level."\n     Smith points out that the Japanese space agency has more at\nstake than just fulfilling an international commitment to a\nscience mission.\n     "The Japanese have been extremely cooperative, since\ninternational cooperation is essential to their science mission,"\nhe said.\n     But Smith also noted that Japanese space agency officials\nlook at the U.S. Space VLBI mission as an opportunity to showcase\nthe technology involved with VSOP spacecraft, and their highly\nregarded Mach V launch vehicle.\n     Yet regardless of the risks involved in undertaking such an\nambitious project, JPL\'s Smith is satisfied that planning for the\nSpace VLBI Project is beyond the significant financial and\npolitical hurdles that otherwise might threaten the project.\n     "Fortunately, we have the virtue of having two partners, and\nif either falls out, we would still have something with the\nother. By themselves, both spacecraft are independent,\nscientifically exciting missions."\n                           ###\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n\n',
  u'From: JDB1145@tamvm1.tamu.edu\nSubject: Re: A Little Too Satanic\nOrganization: Texas A&M University\nLines: 21\nNNTP-Posting-Host: tamvm1.tamu.edu\n\nIn article <65934@mimsy.umd.edu>\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate) writes:\n \n>\n>Nanci Ann Miller writes:\n>\n]The "corrupted over and over" theory is pretty weak.  Comparison of the\n]current hebrew text with old versions and translations shows that the text\n]has in fact changed very little over a space of some two millennia.  This\n]shouldn\'t be all that suprising; people who believe in a text in this manner\n]are likely to makes some pains to make good copies.\n \nTell it to King James, mate.\n \n]C. Wingate        + "The peace of God, it is no peace,\n]                  +    but strife closed in the sod.\n]mangoe@cs.umd.edu +  Yet, brothers, pray for but one thing:\n]tove!mangoe       +    the marv\'lous peace of God."\n \n \nJohn Burke, jdb1145@summa.tamu.edu\n',
  u"From: richter@fossi.hab-weimar.de (Axel Richter)\nSubject: True Color Display in POV\nKeywords: POV, Raytracing\nNntp-Posting-Host: fossi.hab-weimar.de\nOrganization: Hochschule fuer Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar, Germany\nLines: 6\n\n\nHallo POV-Renderers !\nI've got a BocaX3 Card. Now I try to get POV displaying True Colors\nwhile rendering. I've tried most of the options and UNIVESA-Driver\nbut what happens isn't correct.\nCan anybody help me ?\n",
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Why not give $1 billion to first year-long moon residents?\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt, MD USA\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.150545.24058@iti.org> aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer) writes:\n|In article <C5sJDp.F23@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n|\n|\n|In spite of my great respect for the people you speak of, I think their\n|cost estimates are a bit over-optimistic. If nothing else, a working SSTO\n|is at least as complex as a large airliner and has a smaller experience\n|base. It therefore seems that SSTO development should cost at least as\n|much as a typical airliner development. That puts it in the $3G to $5G\n|range.\n>\n\nAlan,\n\n\tdon't forget,  a HUGE  cost for airliner developement is FAA\ncertification.  the joke is when the paperwork  exceeds teh weight\nof the airplane,  it will fly.\n\nThe SR-71, and teh X-15  both highly ambitious  aero-space projects were done\non very narrow engineering budgets.   Partly because they didn't spend much\non paper  pushing.   There is some company in missouri  trying to\nget funding to build light commercial transporters  on a low cost basis,\nmostly by reducing FAA  certification costs.\n\npat\n\n",
  u'From: ab4z@Virginia.EDU ("Andi Beyer")\nSubject: Re: Ancient references to Christianity (was: Albert Sabin)\nOrganization: University of Virginia\nLines: 12\n\nActually if Mr X had something to gain by his claims his\naccount of the events would nmot be the most respected. Case\nand point, the resurrection. By claiming that the resurrection\nactually happened the early preachers were able to convert many\nto Christianity. However, if you read Mathew 27:38 (?) and the\ncase for the resurrected saints who walked around Jerusalem and\nappeared to "many People" you would realize that other\nhistorians (Josephus for one) would have reported on it all if\nit happened. The fact that the Bible speaks of events of such\ngreat magnitude that they would have been noticed taken with\nthe fact that they are not reported on by historians could only\nmean that the bible contains many made up stories.\n',
  u"From: jennise@opus.dgi.com (Milady Printcap the goddess of peripherals)\nSubject: Looking for a little research help [ addendum]\nOrganization: Dynamic Graphics Inc.\nLines: 10\nDistribution: usa\nNNTP-Posting-Host: opus.dgi.com\n\nSorry but I forgot this ps.\n\nRight now my sight is getting news about two weeks behind so it's \nkind of necessary (to me) that any responses be sent to me directly.\n\n\nThanks a lot\n\nJennise\n     jennise@dgi.com  \n",
  u"From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: Keith Schneider - Stealth Poster?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 12\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nsandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n\n>>To borrow from philosophy, you don't truly understand the color red\n>>until you have seen it.\n>Not true, even if you have experienced the color red you still might\n>have a different interpretation of it.\n\nBut, you wouldn't know what red *was*, and you certainly couldn't judge\nit subjectively.  And, objectivity is not applicable, since you are wanting\nto discuss the merits of red.\n\nkeith\n",
  u'From: spl@pitstop.ucsd.edu (Steve Lamont)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nOrganization: University of Calif., San Diego/Microscopy and Imaging Resource\nLines: 24\nNNTP-Posting-Host: pitstop.ucsd.edu\n\nIn article <C5stEL.K0E@boi.hp.com> dianem@boi.hp.com (Diane Mathews) writes:\n>>Dear Brother Bill,\n>>\n>>One way or another -- so much for patience. Too bad you couldn\'t just \n>>wait. Was the prospect of God\'s Message just too much to take?\n>\n>  So do you want the president to specifically order each and every activity\n>of the FBI, or what?  And how willing are you to blame Reagan and Bush,\n>directly, for the incidents that took place in the War on Drugs in their\n>administration?  Are you going to blame Bush for the fact that Weaver\'s wife,\n>infant, son were killed?  It happened while he was president.\n\n... or consider the thousands in Central America killed by those brave\nCIA/NSC sponsored "Freedom Fighters."\n\nThus far, Slick Willie is a piker.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspl\n\n-- \nSteve Lamont, SciViGuy -- (619) 534-7968 -- spl@szechuan.ucsd.edu\nSan Diego Microscopy and Imaging Resource/UC San Diego/La Jolla, CA 92093-0608\n"My other car is a car, too."\n                 - Bumper strip seen on I-805\n',
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 54\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <lefty-260493134641@lefty.apple.com>, lefty@apple.com (Lefty) writes:\n>\n> These particular Tibetans are advocating increased violence against \n> the Chinese occupiers.  Are they wrong?\n\nWrong about what?   I think they are correct in thinking that a \nwell-placed bomb or six would get headlines, but I think they are \nwrong if they think that you can set off bombs and still be a \nBuddhist.\n\nMaybe what we are seeing here is that Chinese cultural genocide\nagainst the Tibetans has worked well enough that some Tibetans \nare now no longer Buddhist and are instead willing to behave like\nthe Chinese occupiers.   Every action is its own reward.\n\n> Clearly the occupation of Tibet _has_ been largely ignored.\n\nOn the other hand, people who are aware of the occupation are mostly\nfull of admiration for the peaceful way that Tibetans have put up\nwith it.   And what does it cost us to admire them?   Zip.\n\n> Are Tibetans currently "people of peace"?  Do they serve themselves \n> well or badly by being so?\n\nYes they are, and whether this serves them well or not depends on \nwhether they want Buddhist principles or political independence.\nAnd without political independence can they preserve their cultural\nand religious traditions?\n\n> Would an increased level of violence make them "terrorists"?\n\nThe Chinese would certainly refer to them as terrorists, just as\nthe Hitler regime used to refer to European resistance movements\nas terrorists.\n\n> Assuming that the group advocating this course is correct, and \n> greater attention is focussed on the occupation of Tibet by the \n> Chinese, are the Tibetans better off as "people of peace" or\n> as "terrorists"?\n\nBetter off in what way?   As proponents of pacifism or as \nproponents of political autonomy?\n\nAnd better off in what time-scale?   The Soviet Empire practised\ncultural genocide against something like a hundred small minorities,\nsome of which resisted violently, and some of which did not, but\nin the end it was the Soviet Empire that collapsed and at least\nsome of the minorities survived.\n\nNow some of the minorities are fighting one another.    Is that\nbecause they have to, or because violent resistance to an oppressive\nEmpire legitimized violence?\n\njon.\n',
  u"From: wdm@world.std.com (Wayne Michael)\nSubject: Re: XV under MS-DOS ?!?\nOrganization: n/a\nLines: 12\n\nNO E-MAIL ADDRESS@eicn.etna.ch writes:\n\n>Hi ... Recently I found XV for MS-DOS in a subdirectory of GNU-CC (GNUISH). I \n\nplease tell me where you where you FTP'd this from? I would like to have\na copy of it. (I would have mailed you, but your post indicates you have no mail\naddress...)\n\n>             \n-- \nWayne Michael\nwdm@world.std.com\n",
  u"From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Gaspra Animation (QuickTime)\nKeywords: Gaspra, JPL\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 22\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41\n\n\n                       ==============================\n                              GASPRA ANIMATION\n                                March 12, 1993\n                       ==============================\n\n     The Gaspra animation is now available at the Ames Space Archives in \nQuickTime format.  The animation was formed from 11 images taken by the \nGalileo spaecraft shortly before its closest approach to the asteroid in \nOctober 1991.  The animation is available using anonymous ftp to:\n\n        ftp:      ames.arc.nasa.gov (128.102.18.3)\n        user:     anonymous\n        cd:       pub/SPACE/ANIMATION\n        files:\n                  gaspra.qt \n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | It's kind of fun to do\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | the impossible. \n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | Walt Disney\n",
  u'From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Golden & Space ages\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 17\n\nPat sez;\n>Oddly, enough,  The smithsonian calls the lindbergh years\n>the golden age of flight.  I would call it the granite years,\n>reflecting the primitive nature of it.  It was  romantic,\n>swashbuckling daredevils,  "those daring young men in their flying\n>machines".  But in reality, it sucked.  Death was a highly likely\n>occurence,  and  the environment blew.\n\nYeah, but a windscreen cut down most of it.  Canopies ended it completely.\n\nOf course, the environment in space continues to suck :-)\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u'From: agr00@ccc.amdahl.com (Anthony G Rose)\nSubject: Re: Who\'s next?  Mormons and Jews?\nReply-To: agr00@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com (Anthony G Rose)\nOrganization: Amdahl Corporation, Sunnyvale CA\nLines: 18\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.142356.456@ra.royalroads.ca> mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee) writes:\n>\n>In article <C5rLps.Fr5@world.std.com>, jhallen@world.std.com (Joseph H Allen) writes:\n>|> In article <1qvk8sINN9vo@clem.handheld.com> jmd@cube.handheld.com (Jim De Arras) writes:\n>|> \n>|> It was interesting to watch the 700 club today.  Pat Robertson said that the\n>|> "Branch Dividians had met the firey end for worshipping their false god." He\n>|> also said that this was a terrible tragedy and that the FBI really blew it.\n>\n>I don\'t necessarily agree with Pat Robertson.  Every one will be placed before\n>the judgement seat eventually and judged on what we have done or failed to do\n>on this earth.  God allows people to choose who and what they want to worship.\n\nI\'m sorry, but He does not!  Ever read the FIRST commandment?\n\n>Worship of money is one of the greatest religions in this country.\n\nYou mean, false religion!\n',
  u"From: tstroup@force.ssd.lmsc.lockheed.com\nSubject: Re: Long Term Space Voyanges and Effect NEwsgroup?\nReply-To: tstroup@force.ssd.lmsc.lockheed.com\nOrganization: LMSC, Sunnyvale, California\nLines: 71\n\nIn article <1rp0ht$g25@hsc.usc.edu>, khayash@hsc.usc.edu (Ken Hayashida) writes:\n>\n>The first item of business is to establish the importance space life\n>sciences in the whole of scheme of humankind.  I mean compared\n>to football and baseball, the average joe schmoe doesn't seem interested\n>or even curious about spaceflight. \n\nI disagree.  It think the average joe is interested/curious about spaceflight\nbut sees it as an elitist activity.  Not one which he is ever going to\nparticipate in.\n\n>All of us, in our own way, can contribute to a comprehensive document\n>which can be released to the general public around the world.  The\n>document would scientifically analyze the technical aspects of long\n>term human habitation in space.\n\nWhy is the general public going to be interested in the technical details\nof long term space habitation?  I like the idea of the study, but it should\nbe released to other scientists and engineers who will be able to use it.\nIf you want a general public document, you'll need a more general publication.\n\n>I believe that if any long-term space exploration program is to \n>succeed we need to basically learn how to engineer our own microworld\n>(i.e. the spacecraft).  Only through the careful analyses of engineering,\n>chemical, biological, and medical factors will a good ecosystem be created\n>to facilitate human life on a long-duration flight.\n\nAs one working on Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems, engineering\nthe microworld isn't the problem.  The problem is understanding the basic\nchemical, biological and medical factors to be able to engineer them\nefficiently.  For example, the only way we know how to produce food is from\nplants and animals.  Food synthesis is not very far advanced.  So we have\nto orbit a farm.  Well that's obviously not very efficient, so we use \ntechnology to reduce the mass and grow plants hydroponically instead of \nusing dirt.  This is where the engineering comes in.  But new technologies\nbring new basic questions that we don't have the answers to.  Like, in \ndirt we can grow tomatoes and lettuce right beside each other, but in \nhydroponics it turns out that you can't do that.  The lettuce growth is \nstunted when it's grown in the same hydroponic solution as tomatoes.  So \nnow you have to consider what other plants are going to have similar\ninteractions.  This means some basic applied scientific research.  And that's\nwhat needs to be done with all technologies that have been developed so far.\nWe also need to find out how they interact together.  That's where we are now.\n\n>So, I would like to see posts of opinions regarding the most objective\n>methods to analyze the accepted scientific literature for technologies\n>which can be applied to long-duration spaceflight. \n\nFirst you need to do the literature search.  There is a lot of information\nout there.  Maybe we should just pick a specific area of long term habitation.\nThis could be useful, especially if we make it available on the net.  Then\nwe can look at methods of analyzing the technologies.\n\n>Such a detailed\n>literature search would be of interest to ourselves as space advocates\n>and clearly important to existing space programs.\n>In essence, we would be dividing the space life science issues into\n>various technical problems which could be solved with various technologies.\n>This database of acceptable solutions to various problems could form the\n>basis of detailed discussions involving people from the bionet, isunet,\n>and any other source!\n\nUnless there is an unbelievable outpouring of interest on this on the net,\nI think we should develop a detailed data base of the literature search \nfirst.  Then if we accomplish that we can go on to real analysis.  The data\nbase itself could be useful for future engineers.\n\nThat's my response Ken, what do you think?\n\nTim\n\n",
  u'From: kreyling@lds.loral.com (Ed Kreyling 6966)\nSubject: Sun-os and 8bit ASCII graphics\nOrganization: Loral Data Systems\nDistribution: comp.graphics\nLines: 7\n\nI would like to know if anyone has had any luck using the upper 128 ASCII\ncharacters on a Sun station.  I am trying to convert a fortran program to run\non a Sun.  When we write character buffers to the Sun which contain char(218)\nor char(196) or char(197) etc.  We get characters on the screen but they are\nnot the characters in the standard ASCII tables.\n\nAny ideas or help will be appreciated.\n',
  u"From: jliddle@rs6000.cmp.ilstu.edu (Jean Liddle)\nSubject: Re: HELP: Need 24 bits viewer\nOrganization: Illinois State University\nKeywords: 24 bit\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <1993Apr29.041601.8884@labtam.labtam.oz.au> graeme@labtam.labtam.oz.a\nu (Graeme Gill) writes:\n>In article <5713@seti.inria.fr>, deniaud@cartoon.inria.fr (Gilles Deniaud) writ\nes:\n>> Hi,\n>>\n>> I'm looking for a program which is able to display 24 bits\n>> images. We are using a Sun Sparc equipped with Parallax\n>> graphics board running X11.\n>\n>    xli, xloadimage or ImageMagick - export.lcs.mit.edu [18.24.0.12] /contrib\n>\n\nxv 3.0 (shareware) supports 24-bit displays, and has lots of other\nimprovements over earlier versions.  Definitely worth checking out\n(also at export)\n\nJean.\n-- \nJean Liddle                                 \nComputer Science, Illinois State University  \ne-mail:  jliddle@ilstu.edu                  \n--------------------------------------------\n",
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: space food sticks\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 9\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\nKeywords: food\n\ndillon comments that Space Food Sticks may have bad digestive properties.\n\nI don't think so.  I think  most NASA food products were designed to\nbe low fiber 'zero-residue' products so as to minimize the difficulties\nof waste disposal.  I'd doubt they'd deploy anything that caused whole sale\nGI distress.  There aren't enough plastic baggies in the world for\na bad case of GI disease.\n\npat\n",
  u'From: teckjoo@iti.gov.sg (Chua Teck Joo)\nSubject: Visuallib (3D graphics for Windows)\nOrganization: Information Technology Institute, National Computer Board, Singapore.\nLines: 17\n\n\nI am currently looking for a 3D graphics library that runs on MS\nWindows 3.1.  Are there any such libraries out there other than\nVisuallib?  (It must run on VGA and should not require any other\nadd-on graphics cards).\n\nFor Visuallib, will it run with Metaware High C compiler v3.0?  Any\nemail contact for the author of Visuallib?\n\nAny help would be much appreciated.  Thanks.\n\n\n-- \n* Chua, Teck Joo\t    | Information Technology Institute *\n* Email: teckjoo@iti.gov.sg | 71 Science Park Drive\t       *\n* Phone: (65) 772-0237 \t    | Singapore (0511)\t\t       *\n* Fax:   (65) 779-1827      |\t\t\t   \t       *\n',
  u'From: acooper@mac.cc.macalstr.edu (Turin Turambar, ME Department of Utter Misery)\nSubject: Re: Societal basis for morality\nOrganization: Macalester College\nLines: 89\n\nIn article <C5sAD7.1DM@news.cso.uiuc.edu>, cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb) writes:\n> In <1993Apr20.004119.6119@cnsvax.uwec.edu> nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu (David Nye) \n> writes:\n> \n>>[reply to cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb)]\n>> \n>>>If morals come from what is societally accepted, why follow that? What\n>>>right do we have to expect others to follow our notion of societally\n>>>mandated morality?  Pardon the extremism, but couldn\'t I murder your\n>>>"brother" and say that I was exercising my rights as I saw them, was\n>>>doing what felt good, didn\'t want anyone forcing their morality on me,\n>>>or I don\'t follow your "morality" ?\n>> \n>>I believe that morality is subjective.  Each person is entitled to his\n>>own moral attitudes.  Mine are not a priori more correct than someone\n>>elses.  This does not mean however that I must judge another on the\n>>basis of his rather than my moral standards.  While he is entitled to\n>>believe what his own moral sense tells him, the rest of society is\n>>entitled to pass laws spelling out punishments for behavior that is\n>>offensive to the majority.\n> \n> Why? How? Might makes right? How can they force their morality on me? Why \n> can\'t I do what I want? Who are they to decide? What if I disagree? \n\n\nWell I agree with you in the sense that they have no "moral" right to inflict\nthese rules, but there is one thing I might add: at the very least, almost\neverybody wants to avoid pain, and if that means sacrificing some stuff for a\nherd morality, then so be it.  \n\n>> \n>>Most criminals do not see their behavior as moral.  The may realize that\n>>it is immoral and not care.  They are thus not following their own moral\n>>system but being immoral.\n> \n> Good point, but it is being immoral in our opinion.  We don\'t let them choose,\n> we make the decision that their actions are wrong for them.\n\nRight, and since they grew up and learned around us, they have some idea of our\nright and wrong, which I think must, in part, be incorporated.  Very rarely do\nyou see criminal behaviour for "philosophical reasons"\n\n\n> \n>   For someone to lay claim to an alternative\n>>moral system, he must be sincere in his belief in it and it must be\n>>internally consistent.  Some sociopaths lack an innate moral sense\n> \n> I admit to lean toward the idea of an innate moral sense, but have little basis\n> for it as of yet.  How far can such a concept be extended?\n> \n\n(stuff deleted)\n\n> Do you mean that we could say it would be wrong for us to do such a thing but \n> not him.  After all, he was behaving morally in his own eyes and doing what he\n> chose.  On what basis do we condemn other societies besides, here\'s the buzz \n> words, on the idea that there are some actions wrong for all humans in all \n> societies?\n> \n>>   Holding that morality is subjective does not mean\n>>that we must excuse the murderer.\n> \n> Why not? Do we have to be objective suddenly?\n>> \n>>David Nye (nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu).  Midelfort Clinic, Eau Claire WI\n>>This is patently absurd; but whoever wishes to become a philosopher\n>>must learn not to be frightened by absurdities. -- Bertrand Russell\n> \n> MAC\n> --\n> ****************************************************************\n>                                                     Michael A. Cobb\n>  "...and I won\'t raise taxes on the middle     University of Illinois\n>     class to pay for my programs."                 Champaign-Urbana\n>           -Bill Clinton 3rd Debate             cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu\n>                                               \n> Nobody can explain everything to anybody.  G.K.Chesterton\n-- \n\nbest regards,\n\n--Adam\n\n********************************************************************************\n* Adam John Cooper\t\t"Verily, often have I laughed at the weaklings *\n* (612) 696-7521\t\t   who thought themselves good simply because  *\n* acooper@macalstr.edu\t\t\t\tthey had no claws."\t       *\n********************************************************************************\n',
  u"From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: >>>>>>Pompous ass\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 14\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nlivesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n\n>>>How long does it [the motto] have to stay around before it becomes the\n>>>default?  ...  Where's the cutoff point? \n>>I don't know where the exact cutoff is, but it is at least after a few\n>>years, and surely after 40 years.\n>Why does the notion of default not take into account changes\n>in population makeup?     \n\nSpecifically, which changes are you talking about?  Are you arguing\nthat the motto is interpreted as offensive by a larger portion of the\npopulation now than 40 years ago?\n\nkeith\n",
  u'From: marshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu (Kevin Marshall)\nSubject: Church o\' Satan (was Re: islamic authority [sic] over women)\nOrganization: Virginia Tech Computer Science Dept, Blacksburg, VA\nLines: 52\nNNTP-Posting-Host: csugrad.cs.vt.edu\n\nDavid.Rice@ofa123.fidonet.org writes:\n \n>who: marshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu (Kevin Marshall)\n>what: <1q7kc3$2dj@csugrad.cs.vt.edu>\n \n>KM> "Yeah, hilarious. Satanists believe Satan is a god, but not\n>KM> the only god. Satan is a part of Christian mythology.\n>KM> Therefore, one cannot reasonably worship Satan without\n>KM> acknowledging the existence of a Christian god. Satanists\n>KM> see Satan as their master, and they see God and Satan as \n>KM> adversaries of similar power. Satanists believe in the\n>KM> eventual overthrow of God and a transfer of all power to\n>KM> their master. Kevin Marshall"\n> \n>A great many Satanists DO NOT believe in Satan. Some do, some\n>don\'t. I\'d go so far as to assert that most "orthodox" Satanists\n>do not worship Satan (Church of Satan, etc.) but rather "worship"\n>self. To hear LaVey say it, only idiots and fools believe in Satan\n>and or Allah. He knew that suckers are born every minute.\n>\n>--- Maximus 2.01wb\n\nAnton LaVey\'s interpretation of Satanism has always puzzled me.  I\nread his "Satanic Bible" a few years ago for a social studies project,\nas well as a book by Arthur Lyons called "The Cult of Devil Worship\nin America."  The latter included a very interesting interview with\nthe Black Pope in which he did indeed say that Satan was merely an\ninstrument for one to realize the self.  \n\nWhen I refer to Satanism, I am referring to the mishmash of rural Satanic\nritualism and witchcraft which existed before the Church of Satan.  I\ndon\'t consider LaVey\'s church to be at all "orthodox," nor do I consider\nits followers "satanists."  LaVey combined the philosophies of Nietzsche,\nCrowley, and Reich, slapped in some religious doctrine, added a little\ntouch of P.T. Barnum, and christened his creation the Church of Satan.\nNo doubt the title was a calculated attempt to attract attention...I\nsuppose he could have just as easily called it the Church of Free Sex.\n\nAt any rate, it worked (for a while).  In its heyday, the Church had a\nhuge following, including such Hollywood celebrities as Sammy Davis, Jr.\nand Jayne Mansfield.  (I have a picture of LaVey with Sammy, by the \nway.)  \n\nI find the idea of a Satanist not believing in Satan about as credible as\na Christian not believing in Christ.  But if you include the Church of\nSatan, then I suppose I need to alter my definition.  Webster\'s Dictionary\nand The American Heritage Dictionary will have to do the same.\n-- \n---                      __  _______                              ---\n||| Kevin Marshall       \\ \\/ /_  _/  Computer Science Department |||\n||| Virginia Tech         \\  / / /     marshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu |||\n--- Blacksburg, Virginia   \\/ /_/                  (703) 232-6529 ---\n',
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: Gospel Dating\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 102\n\nIn article <66020@mimsy.umd.edu>\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate) writes:\n \n>Assuming you are presenting it accurately, I don\'t see how this argument\n>really leads to any firm conclusion.  The material in John (I\'m not sure\n>exactly what is referred to here, but I\'ll take for granted the similarity\n>to the Matt./Luke "Q" material) IS different; hence, one could have almost\n>any relationship between the two, right up to John getting it straight from\n>Jesus\' mouth.\n>\n \nNo, the argument says John has known Q, ie a codified version of the logia,\nand not the original, assuming that there has been one. It has weaknesses,\nof course, like that John might have known the original, yet rather referred\nto Q in his text, or that the logia were given in a codified version in\nthe first place.\n \nThe argument alone does not allow a firm conclusion, but it fits well into\nthe dating usually given for the gospels.\n \n \n>>We are talking date of texts here, not the age of the authors. The usual\n>>explanation for the time order of Mark, Matthew and Luke does not consider\n>>their respective ages. It says Matthew has read the text of Mark, and Luke\n>>that of Matthew (and probably that of Mark).\n>\n>The version of the "usual theory" I have heard has Matthew and Luke\n>independently relying on Mark and "Q".  One would think that if Luke relied\n>on Matthew, we wouldn\'t have the grating inconsistencies in the geneologies,\n>for one thing.\n>\n \nNot necessarily, Luke may have trusted the version he knew better than the\nversion given by Matthew. Improving on Matthew would give a motive, for\ninstance.\n \nAs far as I know, the theory that Luke has known Matthew is based on a\nstatistical analysis of the texts.\n \n \n>>As it is assumed that John knew the content of Luke\'s text. The evidence\n>>for that is not overwhelming, admittedly.\n>\n>This is the part that is particularly new to me.  If it were possible that\n>you could point me to a reference, I\'d be grateful.\n>\n \nYep, but it will take another day or so to get the source. I hope your German\nis good enough. :-)\n \n \n>>>Unfortunately, I haven\'t got the info at hand.  It was (I think) in the late\n>>>\'70s or early \'80s, and it was possibly as old as CE 200.\n>\n>>When they are from about 200, why do they shed doubt on the order on\n>>putting John after the rest of the three?\n>\n>Because it closes up the gap between (supposed) writing and the existing\n>copy quit a bit.  The further away from the original, the more copies can be\n>written, and therefore survival becomes more probable.\n>\n \nI still do not see how copies from 200 allow to change the dating of John.\n \n \n>>That John was a disciple is not generally accepted. The style and language\n>>together with the theology are usually used as counterargument.\n>\n>I\'m not really impressed with the "theology" argument.  But I\'m really\n>pointing this out as an "if".  And as I pointed out earlier, one cannot make\n>these arguments about I Peter; I see no reason not to accept it as an\n>authentic letter.\n>\n \nYes, but an if gives only possibilities and no evidence. The authencity of\nmany letters is still discussed. It looks as if conclusions about them are not\ndrawn because some pet dogmas of the churches would probably fall with them as\nwell.\n \n \n>>One step and one generation removed is bad even in our times. Compare that\n>>to reports of similar events in our century in almost illiterate societies.\n>\n>The best analogy would be reporters talking to the participants, which is\n>not so bad.\n>\n \nWell, rather like some newsletter of a political party reporting from the\nbig meeting. Not necessarily wrong, but certainly bad.\n \n \n>>In other words, one does not know what the original of Mark did look like\n>>and arguments based on Mark are pretty weak.\n>\n>But the statement of divinity is not in that section, and in any case, it\'s\n>agreed that the most important epistles predate Mark.\n \nYes, but the accuracy of their tradition is another problem.\n \nQuestion: Are there letters not from Paul and predating Mark claiming the\ndivinity of Jesus?\n   Benedikt\n',
  u'From: devdjn@space.alcbel.be\nSubject: Re: Statement by NASA Administrator Daniel S. G\nReply-To: devdjn@space.alcbel.be\nOrganization: Alcatel Bell Telephone\nLines: 20\nNntp-Posting-Host: 138.203.8.26\n\nIf this man Clark is a NASA administrator then god save NASA. Of course\nthe Shuttles record is unrivaled !  There is only one Shuttle. Furthermore,\nthere is only likely to be one Shuttle now that Hermes and Boron are \neffectively cancelled.\n\nThese officials should spend more of their time explaining to their\nEuropean and Asian partners how we are expected to believe in them\nwhen their paymasters change their minds on major international\nprojects everytime a new US administration takes office (considering\nthe major impacts this has on the European and Asian (Japanese)\nindustry). It is also appreciated how this affects American\nindustry. I am of course talking about Space Stattion Freedom.\n\n---\nDennis Newport,                  email: devdjn@space.alcbel.be\nAlcatel Bell Telephone,\nBerkenrodelei 33,                phone: (+32) 3/829.5488\n2660 Hoboken,\nBelgium.\n\n',
  u'From: joachim@kih.no (joachim lous)\nSubject: Re: XV for MS-DOS !!!\nOrganization: Kongsberg Ingeniorhogskole\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: samson.kih.no\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\n\nNOE-MAILADDRESS@eicn.etna.ch wrote:\n> I\'m sorry for...\n\n>     1)  The late of the answer but I couldn\'t find xv221 for msdos \'cause \n> \tI forgot the address...but I\'ve retrieve it..\n\n>     2)  Posting this answer here in comp.graphics \'cause I can\'t use e-mail,\n>    ^^^  not yet....\n\n>    2) My bad english \'cause I\'m a Swiss and my language is french....\n    ^^^\nIf french is your language, try counting in french in stead, maybe\nit will work better.... :-)\n\n    _______________________________\n   / _ L*   /  _  / .    /      _  /_  "One thing is for sure: The sheep\n  /  _)    /()(/(/)//)) /_ ()(/_) / /  Is NOT a creature of the earth."\n / \\_)~  (/ Joachim@kih.no       / /     \n/_______________________________/ / -The back-masking on \'Haaden II\'\n /_______________________________/  from \'Exposure\' by Robert Fripp.\n',
  u"From: lilley@v5.cgu.mcc.ac.uk (Chris Lilley)\nSubject: Re: XV problems\nLines: 69\nReply-To: C.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk\nOrganization: Computer Graphics Unit, MCC\nDistribution: inet\n\n\nIn article <1rohjc$avt@cc.tut.fi>, jk87377@lehtori.cc.tut.fi (Kouhia Juhana) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr27.143603.9351@nessie.mcc.ac.uk>\n>C.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk writes:\n\n>> [moved on a bit]\n\n>I wrote something about making color modifications quickly\n>with 8bit quantized images and only at the saving the image to file\n>process we have to make the modifications to the 24bit image.\n>This makes sense, because the main use of XV is only viewing images.\n>\n>Doing many changes to image, we should keep all modifications\n>in a buffer; and then before making the operations to 24bit image,\n>we should simplify the operation list for unnecessary operations.\n>\nThink about what you are saying here. The 24 bit image is quantised down to 8\nbits so many 'similar' colours are mapped onto a single palette colour. This\ncolour gets modified in fairly arbitrary ways. You then want to apply these\nmodifications back to the 24 bit file, so you have to find which colours mapped\nto this one palette colour. Ok you could do this by copying the 24 bit file to a\n32 bit file and using the extra 8 bits to hold the index entry. \nHaving done this, you need to do something to them ... what, exactly?\n\nApply the difference in RGB between the original and modified palette entry to\neach colour in the group? This could generate colours with RGB outside the range\n0...255. It would also lead to discontinuities when different parts of a smooth\ncolour gradient mapped to several different palette entries.\n\nYou could interpolate from full modification to no modification depending how\nfar each colour was from the palette entry. However I suspect this would look\nrather odd.\n\nSo in summary, what I said in my previous posting still holds:\n\n>>How would you suggest doing colour editing on a 24 bit file? How\n>>would you group 'related' colours to edit them together? Only global\n>>changes could be done unless the software were very different and\n>>much more complicated.\n\n>>If you want to do colour editing on a 24 bit image, you need much\n>>more powerfull software - which is readily available commercially.\n\nIn other words, to edit a 24 bit file you need software built for the job.\nTacking mods onto xv is going to create more problems than it solves.\n\nAs to the other bits - you seemed to be claiming that there were bugs in XV. If\nthat was not what you meant, then:\n\n>(You propably misunderstood what I wrote as you have done in many\n>places so far.)\n\nYes, I probably did. I found that the collected digest format of your posting\nmade it a little difficult to understand precisely what your point was. Sorry\nif I misunderstood.\n\n>You also missed what is (were) wrong with XV. However, I did wrote it.\n\nYes again. What *is* (was?) wrong with xv?\n\n--\nChris Lilley\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTechnical Author, ITTI Computer Graphics and Visualisation Training Project\nComputer Graphics Unit, Manchester Computing Centre, Oxford Road, \nManchester, UK.  M13 9PL                        Internet: C.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk \nVoice: +44 (0)61 275 6045  Fax: +44 (0)61 275 6040 Janet: C.C.Lilley@uk.ac.mcc\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u'From: darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice)\nSubject: Re: Islam And Scientific Predictions (was Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism)\nOrganization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.\nLines: 41\n\nIn <16BB4C522.I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de> I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr17.122329.21438@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>\n>darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:\n> \n>>>>"AND IT IS HE (GOD ALMIGHTY) WHO CREATED THE NIGHT AND THE\n>>>>DAY, AND THE SUN AND THE EARTH:  ALL (THE CELETIAL BODIES)\n>>>>SWIM ALONG, EACH IN ITS ROUNDED COURSE."  (Holy Quran 21:33)\n>>\n>>>Hmm. This agrees with the Ptolemic system of the earth at the centre,\n>>>with the planets orbitting round it. So Copernicus and Gallileo were\n>>>wrong after all!\n>>\n>>You haven\'t read very carefully -- if you look again, you will see that\n>>it doesn\'t say anything about what is circling what.\n> \n>Anyway, they are not moving in circles.  \n\nOops, sorry, my words, not the words of the Qur\'an.\n\n>Nor is there any evidence that\n>everything goes around in a rounded course in a general sense. Wishy-\n>washy statements are not scientific.\n\nNote that "(the celestial bodies)" in the above verse is an\ninterpolation (which is why it is in brackets) -- it is the translator\'s \n(incorrect, IMHO) interpretation.\n\nHere is Maurice Bucaille\'s translation (he studied Arabic for his\nresearch into the Qur\'an and science) of this verse:\n\n"(God is) the One Who created the night, the day, the sun and the moon.\nEach is travelling in an orbit with its own motion." (Qur\'an :33)\n\nThe positive aspect of this verse noted by Dr. Maurice Bucaille is that\nwhile geocentrism was the commonly accepted notion at the time (and for\na long time afterwards), there is no notion of geocentrism in this verse\n(or anywhere in the Qur\'an).\n\n Fred Rice\n darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au   \n',
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 27\n\nIn article <1qjfnv$ogt@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>, frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank\nO\'Dwyer) wrote:\n> (1) Does the term "hero-worship" mean anything to you?  \n\nYes, worshipping Jesus as the super-saver is indeed hero-worshipping\nof the grand scale. Worshipping Lenin that will make life pleasant\nfor the working people is, eh, somehow similar, or what.\n \n> (2) I understand that gods are defined to be supernatural, not merely\n>     superhuman.\nThe notion of Lenin was on the borderline of supernatural insights\ninto how to change the world, he wasn\'t a communist God, but he was\nthe man who gave presents to kids during Christmas.\n \n> #Actually, I agree. Things are always relative, and you can\'t have \n> #a direct mapping between a movement and a cause. However, the notion\n> #that communist Russia was somewhat the typical atheist country is \n> #only something that Robertson, Tilton et rest would believe in.\n> \n> Those atheists were not True Unbelievers, huh?   :-)\n\nDon\'t know what they were, but they were fanatics indeed.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u'From: leech@cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech)\nSubject: Space FAQ 11/15 - Upcoming Planetary Probes\nSupersedes: <new_probes_730956574@cs.unc.edu>\nOrganization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill\nLines: 243\nDistribution: world\nExpires: 6 May 1993 20:00:01 GMT\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mahler.cs.unc.edu\nKeywords: Frequently Asked Questions\n\nArchive-name: space/new_probes\nLast-modified: $Date: 93/04/01 14:39:17 $\n\nUPCOMING PLANETARY PROBES - MISSIONS AND SCHEDULES\n\n    Information on upcoming or currently active missions not mentioned below\n    would be welcome. Sources: NASA fact sheets, Cassini Mission Design\n    team, ISAS/NASDA launch schedules, press kits.\n\n\n    ASUKA (ASTRO-D) - ISAS (Japan) X-ray astronomy satellite, launched into\n    Earth orbit on 2/20/93. Equipped with large-area wide-wavelength (1-20\n    Angstrom) X-ray telescope, X-ray CCD cameras, and imaging gas\n    scintillation proportional counters.\n\n\n    CASSINI - Saturn orbiter and Titan atmosphere probe. Cassini is a joint\n    NASA/ESA project designed to accomplish an exploration of the Saturnian\n    system with its Cassini Saturn Orbiter and Huygens Titan Probe. Cassini\n    is scheduled for launch aboard a Titan IV/Centaur in October of 1997.\n    After gravity assists of Venus, Earth and Jupiter in a VVEJGA\n    trajectory, the spacecraft will arrive at Saturn in June of 2004. Upon\n    arrival, the Cassini spacecraft performs several maneuvers to achieve an\n    orbit around Saturn. Near the end of this initial orbit, the Huygens\n    Probe separates from the Orbiter and descends through the atmosphere of\n    Titan. The Orbiter relays the Probe data to Earth for about 3 hours\n    while the Probe enters and traverses the cloudy atmosphere to the\n    surface. After the completion of the Probe mission, the Orbiter\n    continues touring the Saturnian system for three and a half years. Titan\n    synchronous orbit trajectories will allow about 35 flybys of Titan and\n    targeted flybys of Iapetus, Dione and Enceladus. The objectives of the\n    mission are threefold: conduct detailed studies of Saturn\'s atmosphere,\n    rings and magnetosphere; conduct close-up studies of Saturn\'s\n    satellites, and characterize Titan\'s atmosphere and surface.\n\n    One of the most intriguing aspects of Titan is the possibility that its\n    surface may be covered in part with lakes of liquid hydrocarbons that\n    result from photochemical processes in its upper atmosphere. These\n    hydrocarbons condense to form a global smog layer and eventually rain\n    down onto the surface. The Cassini orbiter will use onboard radar to\n    peer through Titan\'s clouds and determine if there is liquid on the\n    surface. Experiments aboard both the orbiter and the entry probe will\n    investigate the chemical processes that produce this unique atmosphere.\n\n    The Cassini mission is named for Jean Dominique Cassini (1625-1712), the\n    first director of the Paris Observatory, who discovered several of\n    Saturn\'s satellites and the major division in its rings. The Titan\n    atmospheric entry probe is named for the Dutch physicist Christiaan\n    Huygens (1629-1695), who discovered Titan and first described the true\n    nature of Saturn\'s rings.\n\n\t Key Scheduled Dates for the Cassini Mission (VVEJGA Trajectory)\n\t -------------------------------------------------------------\n\t   10/06/97 - Titan IV/Centaur Launch\n\t   04/21/98 - Venus 1 Gravity Assist\n\t   06/20/99 - Venus 2 Gravity Assist\n\t   08/16/99 - Earth Gravity Assist\n\t   12/30/00 - Jupiter Gravity Assist\n\t   06/25/04 - Saturn Arrival\n\t   01/09/05 - Titan Probe Release\n\t   01/30/05 - Titan Probe Entry\n\t   06/25/08 - End of Primary Mission\n\t    (Schedule last updated 7/22/92)\n\n\n    GALILEO - Jupiter orbiter and atmosphere probe, in transit. Has returned\n    the first resolved images of an asteroid, Gaspra, while in transit to\n    Jupiter. Efforts to unfurl the stuck High-Gain Antenna (HGA) have\n    essentially been abandoned. JPL has developed a backup plan using data\n    compression (JPEG-like for images, lossless compression for data from\n    the other instruments) which should allow the mission to achieve\n    approximately 70% of its original objectives.\n\n\t   Galileo Schedule\n\t   ----------------\n\t   10/18/89 - Launch from Space Shuttle\n\t   02/09/90 - Venus Flyby\n\t   10/**/90 - Venus Data Playback\n\t   12/08/90 - 1st Earth Flyby\n\t   05/01/91 - High Gain Antenna Unfurled\n\t   07/91 - 06/92 - 1st Asteroid Belt Passage\n\t   10/29/91 - Asteroid Gaspra Flyby\n\t   12/08/92 - 2nd Earth Flyby\n\t   05/93 - 11/93 - 2nd Asteroid Belt Passage\n\t   08/28/93 - Asteroid Ida Flyby\n\t   07/02/95 - Probe Separation\n\t   07/09/95 - Orbiter Deflection Maneuver\n\t   12/95 - 10/97 - Orbital Tour of Jovian Moons\n\t   12/07/95 - Jupiter/Io Encounter\n\t   07/18/96 - Ganymede\n\t   09/28/96 - Ganymede\n\t   12/12/96 - Callisto\n\t   01/23/97 - Europa\n\t   02/28/97 - Ganymede\n\t   04/22/97 - Europa\n\t   05/31/97 - Europa\n\t   10/05/97 - Jupiter Magnetotail Exploration\n\n\n    HITEN - Japanese (ISAS) lunar probe launched 1/24/90. Has made\n    multiple lunar flybys. Released Hagoromo, a smaller satellite,\n    into lunar orbit. This mission made Japan the third nation to\n    orbit a satellite around the Moon.\n\n\n    MAGELLAN - Venus radar mapping mission. Has mapped almost the entire\n    surface at high resolution. Currently (4/93) collecting a global gravity\n    map.\n\n\n    MARS OBSERVER - Mars orbiter including 1.5 m/pixel resolution camera.\n    Launched 9/25/92 on a Titan III/TOS booster. MO is currently (4/93) in\n    transit to Mars, arriving on 8/24/93. Operations will start 11/93 for\n    one martian year (687 days).\n\n\n    TOPEX/Poseidon - Joint US/French Earth observing satellite, launched\n    8/10/92 on an Ariane 4 booster. The primary objective of the\n    TOPEX/POSEIDON project is to make precise and accurate global\n    observations of the sea level for several years, substantially\n    increasing understanding of global ocean dynamics. The satellite also\n    will increase understanding of how heat is transported in the ocean.\n\n\n    ULYSSES- European Space Agency probe to study the Sun from an orbit over\n    its poles. Launched in late 1990, it carries particles-and-fields\n    experiments (such as magnetometer, ion and electron collectors for\n    various energy ranges, plasma wave radio receivers, etc.) but no camera.\n\n    Since no human-built rocket is hefty enough to send Ulysses far out of\n    the ecliptic plane, it went to Jupiter instead, and stole energy from\n    that planet by sliding over Jupiter\'s north pole in a gravity-assist\n    manuver in February 1992. This bent its path into a solar orbit tilted\n    about 85 degrees to the ecliptic. It will pass over the Sun\'s south pole\n    in the summer of 1993. Its aphelion is 5.2 AU, and, surprisingly, its\n    perihelion is about 1.5 AU-- that\'s right, a solar-studies spacecraft\n    that\'s always further from the Sun than the Earth is!\n\n    While in Jupiter\'s neigborhood, Ulysses studied the magnetic and\n    radiation environment. For a short summary of these results, see\n    *Science*, V. 257, p. 1487-1489 (11 September 1992). For gory technical\n    detail, see the many articles in the same issue.\n\n\n    OTHER SPACE SCIENCE MISSIONS (note: this is based on a posting by Ron\n    Baalke in 11/89, with ISAS/NASDA information contributed by Yoshiro\n    Yamada (yamada@yscvax.ysc.go.jp). I\'m attempting to track changes based\n    on updated shuttle manifests; corrections and updates are welcome.\n\n    1993 Missions\n\to ALEXIS [spring, Pegasus]\n\t    ALEXIS (Array of Low-Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors) is to perform\n\t    a wide-field sky survey in the "soft" (low-energy) X-ray\n\t    spectrum. It will scan the entire sky every six months to search\n\t    for variations in soft-X-ray emission from sources such as white\n\t    dwarfs, cataclysmic variable stars and flare stars. It will also\n\t    search nearby space for such exotic objects as isolated neutron\n\t    stars and gamma-ray bursters. ALEXIS is a project of Los Alamos\n\t    National Laboratory and is primarily a technology development\n\t    mission that uses astrophysical sources to demonstrate the\n\t    technology. Contact project investigator Jeffrey J Bloch\n\t    (jjb@beta.lanl.gov) for more information.\n\n\to Wind [Aug, Delta II rocket]\n\t    Satellite to measure solar wind input to magnetosphere.\n\n\to Space Radar Lab [Sep, STS-60 SRL-01]\n\t    Gather radar images of Earth\'s surface.\n\n\to Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer [Dec, Pegasus rocket]\n\t    Study of Stratospheric ozone.\n\n\to SFU (Space Flyer Unit) [ISAS]\n\t    Conducting space experiments and observations and this can be\n\t    recovered after it conducts the various scientific and\n\t    engineering experiments. SFU is to be launched by ISAS and\n\t    retrieved by the U.S. Space Shuttle on STS-68 in 1994.\n\n    1994\n\to Polar Auroral Plasma Physics [May, Delta II rocket]\n\t    June, measure solar wind and ions and gases surrounding the\n\t    Earth.\n\n\to IML-2 (STS) [NASDA, Jul 1994 IML-02]\n\t    International Microgravity Laboratory.\n\n\to ADEOS [NASDA]\n\t    Advanced Earth Observing Satellite.\n\n\to MUSES-B (Mu Space Engineering Satellite-B) [ISAS]\n\t    Conducting research on the precise mechanism of space structure\n\t    and in-space astronomical observations of electromagnetic waves.\n\n    1995\n\tLUNAR-A [ISAS]\n\t    Elucidating the crust structure and thermal construction of the\n\t    moon\'s interior.\n\n\n    Proposed Missions:\n\to Advanced X-ray Astronomy Facility (AXAF)\n\t    Possible launch from shuttle in 1995, AXAF is a space\n\t    observatory with a high resolution telescope. It would orbit for\n\t    15 years and study the mysteries and fate of the universe.\n\n\to Earth Observing System (EOS)\n\t    Possible launch in 1997, 1 of 6 US orbiting space platforms to\n\t    provide long-term data (15 years) of Earth systems science\n\t    including planetary evolution.\n\n\to Mercury Observer\n\t    Possible 1997 launch.\n\n\to Lunar Observer\n\t    Possible 1997 launch, would be sent into a long-term lunar\n\t    orbit. The Observer, from 60 miles above the moon\'s poles, would\n\t    survey characteristics to provide a global context for the\n\t    results from the Apollo program.\n\n\to Space Infrared Telescope Facility\n\t    Possible launch by shuttle in 1999, this is the 4th element of\n\t    the Great Observatories program. A free-flying observatory with\n\t    a lifetime of 5 to 10 years, it would observe new comets and\n\t    other primitive bodies in the outer solar system, study cosmic\n\t    birth formation of galaxies, stars and planets and distant\n\t    infrared-emitting galaxies\n\n\to Mars Rover Sample Return (MRSR)\n\t    Robotics rover would return samples of Mars\' atmosphere and\n\t    surface to Earch for analysis. Possible launch dates: 1996 for\n\t    imaging orbiter, 2001 for rover.\n\n\to Fire and Ice\n\t    Possible launch in 2001, will use a gravity assist flyby of\n\t    Earth in 2003, and use a final gravity assist from Jupiter in\n\t    2005, where the probe will split into its Fire and Ice\n\t    components: The Fire probe will journey into the Sun, taking\n\t    measurements of our star\'s upper atmosphere until it is\n\t    vaporized by the intense heat. The Ice probe will head out\n\t    towards Pluto, reaching the tiny world for study by 2016.\n\n\nNEXT: FAQ #12/15 - Controversial questions\n',
  u'From: carl@SOL1.GPS.CALTECH.EDU (Carl J Lydick)\nSubject: Re: Command Loss Timer (Re: Galileo Update - 04/22/93)\nOrganization: HST Wide Field/Planetary Camera\nLines: 23\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: carl@SOL1.GPS.CALTECH.EDU\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sol1.gps.caltech.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr26.193924.1189@bnr.ca>, jcobban@bnr.ca (Jim Cobban) writes:\n=Having read in the past about the fail-safe mechanisms on spacecraft, I had\n=assumed that the Command Loss Timer had that sort of function.  However I\n=always find disturbing the oxymoron of a "NO-OP" command that does something.\n=If the command changes the behavior or status of the spacecraft it is not\n=a "NO-OP" command.\n\nUsing your argument, the NOOP operation in a computer isn\'t a NOOP, since it\ncauses the PC to be incremented.\n\n=Of course this terminology comes from a Jet Propulsion Laboratory which has\n=nothing to do with jet propulsion.\n\nOf course, the complaint comes from someone who hasn\'t a clue as to what he\'s\ntalking about.\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nCarl J Lydick | INTERnet: CARL@SOL1.GPS.CALTECH.EDU | NSI/HEPnet: SOL1::CARL\n\nDisclaimer:  Hey, I understand VAXen and VMS.  That\'s what I get paid for.  My\nunderstanding of astronomy is purely at the amateur level (or below).  So\nunless what I\'m saying is directly related to VAX/VMS, don\'t hold me or my\norganization responsible for it.  If it IS related to VAX/VMS, you can try to\nhold me responsible for it, but my organization had nothing to do with it.\n',
  u'From: leech@cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech)\nSubject: Space FAQ 04/15 - Calculations\nSupersedes: <math_730956451@cs.unc.edu>\nOrganization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill\nLines: 334\nDistribution: world\nExpires: 6 May 1993 19:56:03 GMT\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mahler.cs.unc.edu\nKeywords: Frequently Asked Questions\n\nArchive-name: space/math\nLast-modified: $Date: 93/04/01 14:39:12 $\n\nPERFORMING CALCULATIONS AND INTERPRETING DATA FORMATS\n\n    COMPUTING SPACECRAFT ORBITS AND TRAJECTORIES\n\n    References that have been frequently recommended on the net are:\n\n    "Fundamentals of Astrodynamics" Roger Bate, Donald Mueller, Jerry White\n    1971, Dover Press, 455pp $8.95 (US) (paperback). ISBN 0-486-60061-0\n\n    NASA Spaceflight handbooks (dating from the 1960s)\n\tSP-33 Orbital Flight Handbook (3 parts)\n\tSP-34 Lunar Flight Handbook   (3 parts)\n\tSP-35 Planetary Flight Handbook (9 parts)\n\n\tThese might be found in university aeronautics libraries or ordered\n\tthrough the US Govt. Printing Office (GPO), although more\n\tinformation would probably be needed to order them.\n\n    M. A. Minovitch, _The Determination and Characteristics of Ballistic\n    Interplanetary Trajectories Under the Influence of Multiple Planetary\n    Attractions_, Technical Report 32-464, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,\n    Pasadena, Calif., Oct, 1963.\n\n\tThe title says all. Starts of with the basics and works its way up.\n\tVery good. It has a companion article:\n\n    M. Minovitch, _Utilizing Large Planetary Perubations for the Design of\n    Deep-Space Solar-Probe and Out of Ecliptic Trajectories_, Technical\n    Report 32-849, JPL, Pasadena, Calif., 1965.\n\n\tYou need to read the first one first to realy understand this one.\n\tIt does include a _short_ summary if you can only find the second.\n\n\tContact JPL for availability of these reports.\n\n    "Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics", Peter C. Hughes 1986, John Wiley and\n\tSons.\n\n    "Celestial Mechanics: a computational guide for the practitioner",\n    Lawrence G. Taff, (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1985).\n\n\tStarts with the basics (2-body problem, coordinates) and works up to\n\torbit determinations, perturbations, and differential corrections.\n\tTaff also briefly discusses stellar dynamics including a short\n\tdiscussion of n-body problems.\n\n\n    COMPUTING PLANETARY POSITIONS\n\n    More net references:\n\n    Van Flandern & Pullinen, _Low-Precision Formulae for Planetary\n    Positions_, Astrophysical J. Supp Series, 41:391-411, 1979. Look in an\n    astronomy or physics library for this; also said to be available from\n    Willmann-Bell.\n\n\tGives series to compute positions accurate to 1 arc minute for a\n\tperiod + or - 300 years from now. Pluto is included but stated to\n\thave an accuracy of only about 15 arc minutes.\n\n    _Multiyear Interactive Computer Almanac_ (MICA), produced by the US\n    Naval Observatory. Valid for years 1990-1999. $55 ($80 outside US).\n    Available for IBM (order #PB93-500163HDV) or Macintosh (order\n    #PB93-500155HDV). From the NTIS sales desk, (703)-487-4650. I believe\n    this is intended to replace the USNO\'s Interactive Computer Ephemeris.\n\n    _Interactive Computer Ephemeris_ (from the US Naval Observatory)\n    distributed on IBM-PC floppy disks, $35 (Willmann-Bell). Covers dates\n    1800-2049.\n\n    "Planetary Programs and Tables from -4000 to +2800", Bretagnon & Simon\n    1986, Willmann-Bell.\n\n\tFloppy disks available separately.\n\n    "Fundamentals of Celestial Mechanics" (2nd ed), J.M.A. Danby 1988,\n    Willmann-Bell.\n\n\tA good fundamental text. Includes BASIC programs; a companion set of\n\tfloppy disks is available separately.\n\n    "Astronomical Formulae for Calculators" (4th ed.), J. Meeus 1988,\n    Willmann-Bell.\n\n    "Astronomical Algorithms", J. Meeus 1991, Willmann-Bell.\n\n\tIf you actively use one of the editions of "Astronomical Formulae\n\tfor Calculators", you will want to replace it with "Astronomical\n\tAlgorithms". This new book is more oriented towards computers than\n\tcalculators and contains formulae for planetary motion based on\n\tmodern work by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the U.S. Naval\n\tObservatory, and the Bureau des Longitudes. The previous books were\n\tall based on formulae mostly developed in the last century.\n\n\tAlgorithms available separately on diskette.\n\n    "Practical Astronomy with your Calculator" (3rd ed.), P. Duffett-Smith\n    1988, Cambridge University Press.\n\n    "Orbits for Amateurs with a Microcomputer", D. Tattersfield 1984,\n    Stanley Thornes, Ltd.\n\n\tIncludes example programs in BASIC.\n\n    "Orbits for Amateurs II", D. Tattersfield 1987, John Wiley & Sons.\n\n    "Astronomy / Scientific Software" - catalog of shareware, public domain,\n    and commercial software for IBM and other PCs. Astronomy software\n    includes planetarium simulations, ephemeris generators, astronomical\n    databases, solar system simulations, satellite tracking programs,\n    celestial mechanics simulators, and more.\n\n\tAndromeda Software, Inc.\n\tP.O. Box 605\n\tAmherst, NY 14226-0605\n\n\n    COMPUTING CRATER DIAMETERS FROM EARTH-IMPACTING ASTEROIDS\n\n    Astrogeologist Gene Shoemaker proposes the following formula, based on\n    studies of cratering caused by nuclear tests.\n\n\t\t     (1/3.4)\n    D = S  S  c  K  W\t    : crater diameter in km\n\t g  p  f  n\n\n\t       (1/6)\n    S = (g /g )\t\t    : gravity correction factor for bodies other than\n     g\t  e  t\t\t      Earth, where g = 9.8 m/s^2 and g\tis the surface\n\t\t\t\t\t    e\t\t      t\n\t\t\t      gravity of the target body. This scaling is\n\t\t\t      cited for lunar craters and may hold true for\n\t\t\t      other bodies.\n\n\t\t(1/3.4)\n    S = (p / p )\t    : correction factor for target density p  ,\n     p\t  a   t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t    t\n\t\t\t      p  = 1.8 g/cm^3 for alluvium at the Jangle U\n\t\t\t       a\n\t\t\t      crater site, p = 2.6 g/cm^3 for average\n\t\t\t      rock on the continental shields.\n\n    C\t\t\t    : crater collapse factor, 1 for craters <= 3 km\n\t\t\t      in diameter, 1.3 for larger craters (on Earth).\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t    (1/3.4)\n    K\t\t\t    : .074 km / (kT TNT equivalent)\n     n\t\t\t      empirically determined from the Jangle U\n\t\t\t      nuclear test crater.\n\n\t      3\t\t   2\t\t       19\n    W = pi * d\t* delta * V  / (12 * 4.185 * 10  )\n\t\t\t    : projectile kinetic energy in kT TNT equivalent\n\t\t\t      given diameter d, velocity v, and projectile\n\t\t\t      density delta in CGS units. delta of around 3\n\t\t\t      g/cm^3 is fairly good for an asteroid.\n\n    An RMS velocity of V = 20 km/sec may be used for Earth-crossing\n    asteroids.\n\n    Under these assumptions, the body which created the Barringer Meteor\n    Crater in Arizona (1.13 km diameter) would have been about 40 meters in\n    diameter.\n\n    More generally, one can use (after Gehrels, 1985):\n\n    Asteroid\t    Number of objects  Impact probability  Impact energy\n    diameter (km)\t\t       (impacts/year)\t   (* 5*10^20 ergs)\n\n     10\t\t\t    10\t\t     10^-8\t\t10^9\n      1\t\t\t 1 000\t\t     10^-6\t\t10^6\n      0.1\t       100 000\t\t     10^-4\t\t10^3\n\n    assuming simple scaling laws. Note that 5*10^20 ergs = 13 000 tons TNT\n    equivalent, or the energy released by the Hiroshima A-bomb.\n\n    References:\n\n    Gehrels, T. 1985 Asteroids and comets. _Physics Today_ 38, 32-41. [an\n\texcellent general overview of the subject for the layman]\n\n    Shoemaker, E.M. 1983 Asteroid and comet bombardment of the earth. _Ann.\n\tRev. Earth Planet. Sci._ 11, 461-494. [very long and fairly\n\ttechnical but a comprehensive examination of the\n\t subject]\n\n    Shoemaker, E.M., J.G. Williams, E.F. Helin & R.F. Wolfe 1979\n\tEarth-crossing asteroids: Orbital classes, collision rates with\n\tEarth, and origin. In _Asteroids_, T. Gehrels, ed., pp. 253-282,\n\tUniversity of Arizona Press, Tucson.\n\n    Cunningham, C.J. 1988 _Introduction to Asteroids: The Next Frontier_\n\t(Richmond: Willman-Bell, Inc.) [covers all aspects of asteroid\n\tstudies and is an excellent introduction to the subject for people\n\tof all experience levels. It also has a very extensive reference\n\tlist covering essentially all of the reference material in the\n\tfield.]\n\n\n    MAP PROJECTIONS AND SPHERICAL TRIGNOMETRY\n\n    Two easy-to-find sources of map projections are the "Encyclopaedia\n    Brittanica", (particularly the older volumes) and a tutorial appearing\n    in _Graphics Gems_ (Academic Press, 1990). The latter was written with\n    simplicity of exposition and suitability of digital computation in mind\n    (spherical trig formulae also appear, as do digitally-plotted examples).\n\n    More than you ever cared to know about map projections is in John\n    Snyder\'s USGS publication "Map Projections--A Working Manual", USGS\n    Professional Paper 1395. This contains detailed descriptions of 32\n    projections, with history, features, projection formulas (for both\n    spherical earth and ellipsoidal earth), and numerical test cases. It\'s a\n    neat book, all 382 pages worth. This one\'s $20.\n\n    You might also want the companion volume, by Snyder and Philip Voxland,\n    "An Album of Map Projections", USGS Professional Paper 1453. This\n    contains less detail on about 130 projections and variants. Formulas are\n    in the back, example plots in the front. $14, 250 pages.\n\n    You can order these 2 ways. The cheap, slow way is direct from USGS:\n    Earth Science Information Center, US Geological Survey, 507 National\n    Center, Reston, VA 22092. (800)-USA-MAPS. They can quote you a price and\n    tell you where to send your money. Expect a 6-8 week turnaround time.\n\n    A much faster way (about 1 week) is through Timely Discount Topos,\n    (303)-469-5022, 9769 W. 119th Drive, Suite 9, Broomfield, CO 80021. Call\n    them and tell them what you want. They\'ll quote a price, you send a\n    check, and then they go to USGS Customer Service Counter and pick it up\n    for you. Add about a $3-4 service charge, plus shipping.\n\n    A (perhaps more accessible) mapping article is:\n\n\tR. Miller and F. Reddy, "Mapping the World in Pascal",\n\tByte V12 #14, December 1987\n\n\tContains Turbo Pascal procedures for five common map projections. A\n\tdemo program, CARTOG.PAS, and a small (6,000 point) coastline data\n\tis available on CompuServe, GEnie, and many BBSs.\n\n    Some references for spherical trignometry are:\n\n\t_Spherical Astronomy_, W.M. Smart, Cambridge U. Press, 1931.\n\n\t_A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy_, S. Newcomb, Dover, 1960.\n\n\t_Spherical Astronomy_, R.M. Green, Cambridge U. Press., 1985 (update\n\tof Smart).\n\n\t_Spherical Astronomy_, E Woolard and G.Clemence, Academic\n\tPress, 1966.\n\n\n    PERFORMING N-BODY SIMULATIONS EFFICIENTLY\n\n\t"Computer Simulation Using Particles"\n\tR. W. Hockney and J. W. Eastwood\n\t(Adam Hilger; Bristol and Philadelphia; 1988)\n\n\t"The rapid evaluation of potential fields in particle systems",\n\tL. Greengard\n\tMIT Press, 1988.\n\n\t    A breakthrough O(N) simulation method. Has been parallelized.\n\n\tL. Greengard and V. Rokhlin, "A fast algorithm for particle\n\tsimulations," Journal of Computational Physics, 73:325-348, 1987.\n\n\t"An O(N) Algorithm for Three-dimensional N-body Simulations", MSEE\n\tthesis, Feng Zhao, MIT AILab Technical Report 995, 1987\n\n\t"Galactic Dynamics"\n\tJ. Binney & S. Tremaine\n\t(Princeton U. Press; Princeton; 1987)\n\n\t    Includes an O(N^2) FORTRAN code written by Aarseth, a pioneer in\n\t    the field.\n\n\tHierarchical (N log N) tree methods are described in these papers:\n\n\tA. W. Appel, "An Efficient Program for Many-body Simulation", SIAM\n\tJournal of Scientific and Statistical Computing, Vol. 6, p. 85,\n\t1985.\n\n\tBarnes & Hut, "A Hierarchical O(N log N) Force-Calculation\n\tAlgorithm", Nature, V324 # 6096, 4-10 Dec 1986.\n\n\tL. Hernquist, "Hierarchical N-body Methods", Computer Physics\n\tCommunications, Vol. 48, p. 107, 1988.\n\n\n    INTERPRETING THE FITS IMAGE FORMAT\n\n    If you just need to examine FITS images, use the ppm package (see the\n    comp.graphics FAQ) to convert them to your preferred format. For more\n    information on the format and other software to read and write it, see\n    the sci.astro.fits FAQ.\n\n\n    SKY (UNIX EPHEMERIS PROGRAM)\n\n    The 6th Edition of the Unix operating system came with several software\n    systems not distributed because of older media capacity limitations.\n    Included were an ephmeris, a satellite track, and speech synthesis\n    software. The ephmeris, sky(6), is available within AT&T and to sites\n    possessing a Unix source code license. The program is regarded as Unix\n    source code. Sky is <0.5MB. Send proof of source code license to\n\n\tE. Miya\n\tMS 258-5\n\tNASA Ames Research Center\n\tMoffett Field, CA 94035-1000\n\teugene@orville.nas.nasa.gov\n\n\n    THREE-DIMENSIONAL STAR/GALAXY COORDINATES\n\n    To generate 3D coordinates of astronomical objects, first obtain an\n    astronomical database which specifies right ascension, declination, and\n    parallax for the objects. Convert parallax into distance using the\n    formula in part 6 of the FAQ, convert RA and declination to coordinates\n    on a unit sphere (see some of the references on planetary positions and\n    spherical trignometry earlier in this section for details on this), and\n    scale this by the distance.\n\n    Two databases useful for this purpose are the Yale Bright Star catalog\n    (sources listed in FAQ section 3) or "The Catalogue of Stars within 25\n    parsecs of the Sun" (in pub/SPACE/FAQ/stars.data and stars.doc on\n    ames.arc.nasa.gov).\n\n\nNEXT: FAQ #5/15 - References on specific areas\n',
  u'From: marshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu (Kevin Marshall)\nSubject: Re: thoughts on christians\nOrganization: Virginia Tech Computer Science Dept, Blacksburg, VA\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: csugrad.cs.vt.edu\n\nbil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes:\n>>Robert Beauchine wrote:\n>: RB>   No, that\'s praying on the young.  Preying on the young comes\n>: RB>   later, when the bright eyed little altar boy finds out what the\n>: RB>   priest really wears under that chasible.\n>Does this statement further the atheist cause in some way, surely it\'s\n>not intended as wit ...\n\n\n\nSurely it was intended as wit.\n\nBy the way, which "atheist cause" were you referring to, Bill?\n\n\n-- \n---                      __  _______                              ---\n||| Kevin Marshall       \\ \\/ /_  _/  Computer Science Department |||\n||| Virginia Tech         \\  / / /     marshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu |||\n--- Blacksburg, Virginia   \\/ /_/                  (703) 232-6529 ---\n',
  u"From: pmy@vivaldi.acc.virginia.edu (Pete Yadlowsky)\nSubject: Re: Who's next?  Mormons and Jews?\nOrganization: University of Virginia\nLines: 19\n\nCOCHRANE,JAMES SHAPLEIGH writes\n\n>it wouldn't be the first time a group has committed suicide to avoid the \n>shame of capture and persecution.\n\nThis group killed itself to fulfill its interpretation of prophecy\nand to book a suite in Paradise, taking innocent kids along for the\nride. I hardly think the feds were motivated by persecution. If they\nwere, all Koresh would have had to do was surrender quietly to the\nauthorities, without firing a shot, to get the American people behind\nhim and put the feds in the hot seat. But no, God told him to play\nthe tough guy. There's great strength in yielding, but few appreciate\nthis. \n\n--\nPeter M. Yadlowsky              |  Wake! The sky is light!\nAcademic Computing Center       | Let us to the Net again...\nUniversity of Virginia          |    Companion keyboard.\npmy@Virginia.EDU                |                      - after Basho\n",
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (USA)\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <1qlfd4INN935@gap.caltech.edu> keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n>livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n>\n>>>Well, chimps must have some system.  They live in social groups\n>>>as we do, so they must have some "laws" dictating undesired behavior.\n>>So, why "must" they have such laws?\n>\n>The quotation marks should enclose "laws," not "must."\n>\n>If there were no such rules, even instinctive ones or unwritten ones,\n>etc., then surely some sort of random chance would lead a chimp society\n>into chaos.\n\t\n\n\tThe "System" refered to a "moral system". You havn\'t shown any \nreason that chimps "must" have a moral system. \n\tExcept if you would like to redefine everything.\n\n\n--- \n\n        " Whatever promises that have been made can than be broken. "\n\n        John Laws, a man without the honor to keep his given word.\n\n\n',
  u'From: grieggs@jpl-devvax.jpl.nasa.gov (John T. Grieggs)\nSubject: (26Apr93) comp.graphics Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\nOriginator: grieggs@cerberus\nNntp-Posting-Host: cerberus\nReply-To: grieggs <grieggs@jpl-devvax.jpl.nasa.gov>\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA\nExpires: Mon, 10 May 1993 16:05:30 GMT\nLines: 956\n\nArchive-name: graphics/faq\n\nThis message is automatically posted once a week or so in an effort to\ncut down on the repetitive junk in comp.graphics.  It was last changed\non 26Apr93.  If you have answers to other frequently asked questions that\nyou would like included in this posting, please send me mail.  If you\ndon\'t want to see this posting every week, please add the subject line\nto your kill file.  Thank you.\n\nIf your copy of the FAQ is more than a couple of weeks old, you may want to\nseek out the most recent version.  The latest version of this FAQ is always\navailable on the archive site pit-manager.mit.edu (alias rtfm.mit.edu) as\npub/usenet/news.answers/graphics/faq.\n\n---\n_john\n\n\tJohn Grieggs grieggs@jpl-devvax.jpl.nasa.gov JohnG@portal.com\n---\nLast update: 26Apr93\n\nSorry I haven\'t posted this for a couple of weeks, but I was called out of\ntown due to a death in the family.  This is reality, folks.\n\nWhat\'s new?\n\nSIGGRAPH Online Bibliography Project (spencer@cgrg.ohio-state.edu).\n\n\t\tgrieggs@jpl-devvax.jpl.nasa.gov\n\n\n\nContents:\n\n    1) General references for graphics questions.\n    2) Drawing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional screen.\n    3) Quantizing 24 bit images down to 8 bits.\n    4) Converting color into grayscale.\n    5) Quantizing grayscale to black&white.\n    6) Rotating a raster image by an arbitrary angle.\n    7) Free image manipulation software.\n    8) Format documents for TIFF, IFF, BIFF, NFF, OFF, FITS, etc.\n    9) Converting between vector formats.\n    10) How to get Pixar films.\n    11) How do I draw a circle as a Bezier (or B-spline) curve?\n    12) How to order standards documents.\n    13) How to FTP by email.\n    14) How to tell whether a point is within a planar polygon.\n    15) How to tessellate a sphere.\n    16) Specific references on ray-tracing and global illumination.\n    17) SIGGRAPH information online\n    18) SIGGRAPH Panels Proceedings available\n    19) Graphics mailing lists\n    20) Specific references on file formats\n    21) What about GIF?\n    22) What is morphing?\n    23) How to ray-trace height fields\n    24) How to find the area of a 3D polygon\n    25) How to join ACM/SIGGRAPH\n    26) Where can I find MRI and CT scan volume data?\n    27) Specific references on spatial data structures including quadtrees\n\tand octrees\n    28) Where can I get a program to plot XY(Z) data or f(x) data?\n    29) Specific references on PEX and PHIGS\n    30) SIGGRAPH Online Bibliography Project\n\n\n1) General references for graphics questions:\n\n    Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (2nd Ed.), J.D. Foley,\n\tA. van Dam, S.K. Feiner, J.F. Hughes, Addison-Wesley 1990, ISBN\n\t0-201-12110-7\n    Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics, David F. Rogers, McGraw\n\tHill 1985, ISBN 0-07-053534-5\n    Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics 2nd Ed., David F. Rogers\n\tand J. Alan Adams, McGraw Hill 1990, ISBN 0-07-053530-2\n    Three Dimensional Computer Graphics, Alan Watt, Addison-Wesley 1990, ISBN\n\t0-201-15442-0\n    An Introduction to Ray Tracing, Andrew Glassner (ed.), Academic Press\n\t1989, ISBN 0-12-286160-4\n    Graphics Gems, Andrew Glassner (ed.), Academic Press 1990, ISBN\n\t0-12-286165-5\n    Graphics Gems II, James Arvo (ed.), Academic Press 1991, ISBN\n\t0-12-64480-0\n    Graphics Gems III, David Kirk (ed.), Academic Press 1992, ISBN\n\t0-12-409670-0 (with IBM disk) or 0-12-409671-9 (with Mac disk)\n    Digital Image Warping, George Wolberg, IEEE Computer Society Press\n\tMonograph 1990, ISBN 0-8186-8944-7\n    Digital Image Processing (2nd Ed.), Rafael C. Gonzalez, Paul Wintz,\n\tAddison-Wesley 1987, ISBN 0-201-11026-1\n    A Programmer\'s Geometry, Adrian Bowyer, John Woodwark, Butterworths 1983,\n\tISBN 0-408-01242-0 Pbk\n\nAn automatic mail handler at Brown University allows users of "Computer\nGraphics: Principles and Practice," by Foley, van Dam, Feiner, and\nHughes, to obtain text errata and information on distribution of the\nsoftware packages described in the book.  Also, users can send the\nauthors feedback, to report text errors and software bugs, make\nsuggestions, and submit exercises.  To receive information describing\nhow you can use the mail handler, simply mail graphtext@cs.brown.edu\nand put the word "Help" in the Subject line.  Use the Subject line\n"Software-Distribution" to receive information specifically concerning\nthe software packages SRGP and SPHIGS.\n\nErrata for "An Introduction to Ray Tracing" is available on\nwuarchive.wustl.edu in graphics/graphics/books/IntroToRT.errata.\n\nErrata for "Digital Image Warping" is in the same directory as\n"Digital-Image-Warping.errata".\n\nAll C code from the "Graphics Gems" series is available via anonymous ftp\nfrom princeton.edu.  Look in the directory pub/Graphics/GraphicsGems for\nthe various volumes (Gems, GemsII, GemsIII), and get the README file first.\n\nErrata to _Graphics Gems_ and _Graphics Gems II is available on\nwuarchive.wustl.edu in graphics/graphics/books.\n\nA list of computer graphics, computational geometry and image processing\njournals is available from Juhana Kouhia, jk87377@cs.tut.fi.\n\n\n2) Drawing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional screen.\n\nThe simple answer is, you divide by the depth.  For a more verbose\nexplanation, see any of the above references, starting with:\n\nThe Foley & Van Dam & Feiner & Hughes "Computer Graphics" book is certainly\na good start.  Chapter 6 is "Viewing in 3D", then read chapter 15,\n"Visible-Surface Determination".  For more information go to chapter 16 for\nshading, chapter 19 for clipping, and branch out from there.\n\n\n3) Quantizing 24 bit images down to 8 bits.\n\nFind a copy of "Color Image Quantization for Frame Buffer Display" by\nPaul Heckbert, SIGGRAPH \'82 Proceedings, page 297.  There are other\nalgorithms, but this one works well and is fairly simple.  Implementations\nare included in most raster toolkits (see item 7 below).\n\nA variant method is described in "Graphics Gems", p. 287-293.  Note that\nthe code from the "Graphics Gems" series is all available from an FTP site,\nas described above.\n\nCheck out John Bradley\'s "Diversity Algorithm", which is incorporated into\nthe xv package and described in the back of the manual.\n\nThe ImageMagick package (see section 7 for where it is) contains another\nquantizing algorithm which is presented as "doing a better job than the\nother algorithms, but slower".\n\nThere\'s also an implementation of:\n\nWan, Wong, and Prusinkiewicz, _An Algorithm for Multidimensional Data\nClustering_, Transactions on Mathematical Software, Vol. 14 #2 (June, 1988),\npp. 153-162.\n\navialable as princeton.edu:pub/Graphics/colorquant.shar.  This code,\nin modified form, appears in the Utah Raster Toolkit as well.\n\n\n4) Converting color into grayscale.\n\nThe NTSC formula is:\n\n    luminosity = .299 red + .587 green + .114 blue\n\n\n5) Quantizing grayscale to black&white.\n\nThe only reference you need for this stuff is:\n\n    Digital Halftoning, Robert Ulichney, MIT Press 1987, ISBN 0-262-21009-6\n\nBut before you go off and start coding, check out the image manipulation\nsoftware mentioned in item 7 below.  All of the packages mentioned can do\nsome form of gray to b&w conversion.\n\n\n6) Rotating a raster image by an arbitrary angle.\n\nThe obvious but wrong method is to loop over the pixels in the source\nimage, transform each coordinate, and copy the pixel to the destination.\nThis is wrong because it leaves holes in the destination.  Instead,\nloop over the pixels in the destination image, apply the *reverse*\ntransformation to the coordinates, and copy that pixel from the source.\nThis method is quite general, and can be used for any one-to-one\n2-D mapping, not just rotation.  You can add anti-aliasing by doing\nsub-pixel sampling.\n\nHowever, there is a much faster method, with antialising included,\nwhich involves doing three shear operations.  The method was originally\ncreated for the IM Raster Toolkit (see below); an implementation is\nalso present in PBMPLUS.  Reference: "A Fast Algorithm for Raster\nRotation", by Alan Paeth (awpaeth@watcgl.waterloo.edu) Graphics\nInterface \'86 (Vancouver).  An article on the IM toolkit appears in\nthe same journal.  An updated version of the rotation paper appears\nin "Graphics Gems" (see section [1]) under the original title.\n\n\n7) Free image manipulation software.\n\nThere are a number of toolkits for converting from one image format to\nanother, doing simple image manipulations such as size scaling, plus\nthe above-mentioned 24 -> 8, color -> gray, gray -> b&w conversions.\nHere are pointers to some of them:\n\n    xv by John Bradley.  X-based image display, manipulation, and format\n    conversion package.  XV displays many image formats and permits editing\n    of GIF files, among others. The program was updated 5/92; see the file\n    contrib/xv-2.21.tar.Z on export.lcs.mit.edu.\n\n    PBMPLUS, by Jef Poskanzer.  Comprehensive format conversion and image\n    manipulation package.  The latest version is always available via\n    anonymous FTP as ftp.ee.lbl.gov:pbmplus*.tar.Z,\n    wuarchive.wustl.edu:graphics/graphics/packages/pbmplus/pbmplus*.tar.Z,\n    and export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/pbmplus*.tar.Z.\n\n    IM Raster Toolkit, by Alan Paeth (awpaeth@watcgl.uwaterloo.ca).\n    Provides a portable and efficient format and related toolkit.  The\n    format is versatile in supporting pixels of arbitrary channels,\n    components, and bit precisions while allowing compression and machine\n    byte-order independence.  The kit contains more than 50 tools with\n    extensive support of image manipulation, digital halftoning and format\n    conversion.  Previously distributed on tape c/o the University of\n    Waterloo, an FTP version will appear someday.\n\n    Utah RLE Toolkit.  Conversion and manipulation package, similar to\n    PBMPLUS.  Available via FTP as cs.utah.edu:pub/urt-*,\n    princeton.edu:pub/Graphics/urt-*, and freebie.engin.umich.edu:pub/urt-*.\n\n    Fuzzy Pixmap Manipulation, by Michael Mauldin <mlm@nl.cs.cmu.edu>.\n    Conversion and manipulation package, similar to PBMPLUS.  Version 1.0\n    available via FTP as nl.cs.cmu.edu:/usr/mlm/ftp/fbm.tar.Z,\n    ftp.uu.net:pub/fbm.tar.Z, and ucsd.edu:graphics/fbm.tar.Z.\n\n    Img Software Set, by Paul Raveling <raveling@venera.isi.edu>.  Reads and\n    writes its own image format, displays on an X11 screen, and does some\n    image manipulations.  Version 1.3 is available via FTP as\n    export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/img_1.3.tar.Z, and\n    venera.isi.edu:pub/img_1.3.tar.Z along with a large collection of color\n    images.\n\n    Xim, X Image Manipulator, by Philip R. Thompson.  It does essential\n    interactive image manipulations and uses x11r4 and the OSF/Motif toolkit\n    for the interface.  It supports images in 1, 8, 24 and 32 bit formats.\n    Reads/writes and converts to/from GIF, xwd, xbm, tiff, rle, xim, and\n    other formats.  Writes level 2 postscript.  Other utilities and image\n    application library are included.  Not a paint package.  Available via\n    ftp from gis.mit.edu.\n\n    xloadimage, by Jim Frost <madd@std.com>.  Reads in images in various\n    formats and displays them on an X11 screen.  Available via FTP as\n    export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/xloadimage*, and in your nearest comp.sources.x\n    archive.\n\n    xli, by Grame Gill, is an updated xloadimage with numerous improvements\n    in both speed and in the number of formats supported.  Available in the\n    same places as xloadimage (contrib tape, comp.sources.x archives).\n\n    TIFF Software, by Sam Leffler <sam@okeeffe.berkeley.edu>.  Nice\n    portable library for reading and writing TIFF files, plus a few tools\n    for manipulating them and reading other formats.  Available via FTP as\n    ucbvax.berkeley.edu:pub/tiff/*.tar.Z or ftp.uu.net:graphics/tiff.tar.Z\n\n    xtiff, an X11 tool for viewing a TIFF file.  It was written to handle\n    as many different kinds of TIFF files as possible while remaining\n    simple, portable and efficient.  xtiff illustrates some common problems\n    with building pixmaps and using different visual classes.  It is\n    distributed as part of Sam Leffler\'s libtiff package and it is also\n    available on export.lcs.mit.edu, ftp.uu.net and comp.sources.x.\n    xtiff 2.0 was announced in 4/91; it includes Xlib and Xt versions.\n\n    ALV, a Sun-specific image toolkit.  Version 2.0.6 posted to\n    comp.sources.sun on 11dec89.  Also available via email to\n    alv-users-request@cs.bris.ac.uk.\n\n    popi, an image manipulation language.  Version 2.1 posted to\n    comp.sources.misc on 12dec89.\n\n    ImageMagick, an X11 package for display and interactive manipulation\n    of images.  Includes tools for image conversion, annotation, compositing,\n    animation, and creating montages.  ImageMagick can read and write many of\n    the more popular image formats.  Available via FTP as\n    export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/ImageMagick.tar.Z.\n\n    Khoros, a huge (~100 meg) graphical development environment based on\n    X11R4.  Khoros components include a visual programming language, code\n    generators for extending the visual language and adding new application\n    packages to the system, an interactive user interface editor, an\n    interactive image display package, an extensive library of image and\n    signal processing routines, and 2D/3D plotting packages.  Available via\n    FTP as pprg.eece.unm.edu:pub/khoros/*.\n\n    LaboImage, a SunView-based image processing and analysis package.  It\n    includes more than 200 image manipulation, processing and measurement\n    routines, on-line help, plus tools such as an image editor, a color\n    table editor and several biomedical utilities.  Available via anonymous\n    FTP as ads.com:pub/VISION-LIST-ARCHIVE/SHAREWARE/LaboImage_3.1.tar.Z\n\n    The San Diego Supercomputer Center Image Tools, software tools for\n    reading, writing, and manipulating raster images.  Binaries for some\n    machines available via anonymous FTP in sdsc.edu:sdscpub.\n\n    The Independent JPEG Group has written a package for reading and\n    writing JPEG files.  FTP to ftp.uu.net:graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v?.tar.Z\n\nDon\'t forget to set binary mode when you FTP tar files.  For you MILNET\nfolks who still don\'t have name servers, the IP addresses are:\n\n    ads.com\t\t\t128.229.30.16\n    cs.utah.edu\t\t\t128.110.4.21\n    coral.cs.jcu.edu.au\t\t137.219.17.4\n    export.lcs.mit.edu\t\t18.24.0.12\n    freebie.engin.umich.edu\t141.212.103.21\n    ftp.ee.lbl.gov\t\t128.3.112.20\n    ftp.uu.net\t\t\t137.39.1.9 or 192.48.96.9\n    gis.mit.edu\t\t\t18.80.1.118\n    gondwana.ecr.mu.oz.au\t128.250.70.62\n    karazm.math.uh.edu\t\t129.7.7.6\n    marsh.cs.curtin.edu.au\t134.7.1.1\n    nic.funet.fir\t\t128.214.6.100\n    ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu\t\t141.142.20.50\n    nl.cs.cmu.edu\t\t128.2.222.56\n    pit-manager.mit.edu\t\t18.172.1.27\n    pprg.eece.unm.edu\t\t129.24.24.10\n    princeton.edu\t\t128.112.128.1\n    sdsc.edu\t\t\t132.249.20.22\n    ucbvax.berkeley.edu\t\t128.32.133.1\n    venera.isi.edu\t\t128.9.0.32\n    weedeater.math.yale.edu\t128.36.23.17\n    wuarchive.wustl.edu\t\t128.252.135.4\n    zamenhof.cs.rice.edu\t128.42.1.75\n\nPlease do *not* post or mail messages saying "I can\'t FTP, could someone\nmail this to me?"  There are a number of automated mail servers that will\nsend you things like this in response to a message.  See item 13 below for\ndetails on some.\n\nAlso, the newsgroup alt.graphics.pixutils is specifically for discussion\nof software like this.  You may find useful information there.\n\n\n8) Format documents for TIFF, IFF, BIFF, NFF, OFF, FITS, etc.\n\nYou almost certainly don\'t need these.  Read the above item 7 on free\nimage manipulation software.  Get one or more of these packages and\nlook through them.  Chances are excellent that the image converter you\nwere going to write is already there.  But if you still want one of the\nformat documents, many such files are available by anonymous ftp from\nzamenhof.cs.rice.edu in directory pub/graphics.formats.\n\nThese files were collected off the net and are believed to be correct.\nThis archive includes pixel formats, and two- and three-dimensional object\nformats.  The future of this archive is uncertain at the moment, as Mark\nHall <foo@cs.rice.edu> will apparently no longer be maintaining it.\n\nA second graphics file format archive is now being actively maintained\nby Quincey Koziol (koziol@ncsa.uiuc.edu).  The latest version exists at\nftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in /misc/file.formats/graphics.formats.  Apparently,\nneither of these is complete, you might want to check both.\n\nFITS stands for Flexible Image Transport System. It\'s a file format most\noften used in astronomy.  Despite the name, it can contain not only images\nbut other things as well.  There is a regular monthly FITS basics and\ninformation posting on sci.astro.fits - read it if you want to know more.\n\n\n\n9) Converting between vector formats.\n\nA lot of people ask about converting from HPGL to PostScript, or MacDraw\nto CGM, or whatever.  It is important to understand that this is a very\ndifferent problem from the image format conversions in item 7.  Converting\none image format to another is a fairly easy problem, since once you\nget past all the file header junk, a pixel is a pixel -- the basic objects\nare the same for all image formats.  This is not so for vector formats.\nThe basic objects -- circles, ellipses, drop-shadowed pattern-filled\nround-cornered rectangles, etc. -- vary from one format to another.\nExcept in extremely restricted cases, it is simply not possible to do\na one-to-one conversion between vector formats.\n\nThere is software for converting to and from CGM files on ftp.psc.edu.  The\ncontributor states that it runs on Unix, MS-Windows, and possibly the Mac.\nA better, more specific blurb would be most welcome.\n\nOn the other hand, it is quite possible to do a close approximation,\nrendering an image from one format using the primitives from another.\nAs far as I know, no one has put together a general toolkit of such\nconverters, but two different HPGL to PostScript converters have been\nposted to comp.sources.misc.  Check the index on your nearest archive\nsite.\n\nA related frequent question is how to convert from some vector format\nto a bitmapped image - from PostScript to Sun raster format, or HPGL to\nX11 bitmap.  For example, some of the commercial PostScript clones for\nPC\'s allow you to render to a disk file as well as a printer.  Also,\nthe PostScript interpreters in the NeXT box and in Sun\'s X11/NeWs can\nbe used to render to a file if you\'re clever.  But in general, the\nanswer is no.  However, if someone were to put together a vector to\nvector conversion toolkit, adding a vector to raster converter would be\ntrivial.\n\nGNU ghostscript (from the FSF - current version 2.5.2) includes\ndrivers for both ppm and gif format files, thus it can be used as\na PostScript to ppm  or a PostScript to GIF filter.  (It implements\nessentially all of PostScript level 1 and alot of Display PostScript\nand level 2).\n\n\n10) How to get Pixar films.\n\nThe various John Lasseter / Pixar computer animated shorts are available\non video tape.  You can order them from Direct Cinema Limited:\n\n    Film                           Individual Price      Institutional Price\n    Luxo, Jr.\t\t\t\t$14.95\t\t\t$50.00\n    Red\'s Dream\t\t\t\t$19.95\t\t\t$75.00\n    Tin Toy\t\t\t\t$24.95\t\t\t$75.00\n    Knickknack\t\t\t\t$24.95\t\t\t$75.00\n    Luxo, Jr./Red\'s Dream/Tin Toy\t$39.95\t\t\t$100.00\n\nAll tapes are on 1/2" VHS NTSC.  Add $10/tape for PAL format.  Also\navailable:\n\n    Tin Toy T-shirt\t\t\t$15.00\n    Knickknack 3D T-shirt\t\t$15.00 (includes glasses)\n\nFor individual orders, add $5 S&H for the first tape or shirt, $2 for\neach additional tape or shirt.  For institutional orders, add $5 S&H\nfor the first tape, $3 for each additional tape.  Foreign shipping, add\n$3/tape or shirt.  Call 800-525-0000 (213-396-4774 international,\n213-396-3233 FAX) to charge to your credit card.  Call first to verify\nprices and availability.  Or, just write to:\n\n    Direct Cinema Limited\n    1749 14th Street\n    Santa Monica, CA 90404-4342\n\nAllan Braunsdorf has this to say:\n\nAt SIGGRAPH they were selling a tape with all four shorts\nfor $25.  That was a sale price.  You can get it for slightly\nmore than that normally.  ($35 maybe.)  I believe it\'s\navailable from RenderMan Retail (at Pixar\'s address).\n\n    Pixar\n    1001 West Cutting Blvd.\n    Richmond, CA. 94804\n    (510) 236-4000 \n    (510) 236-0388 (FAX)\n\nYou can obtain a video directly from Pixar which contains "Luxo, Jr.", "Red\'s\nDream", "Tin Toy" and "Knicknack" for $25.00, plus $2.50 for shipping. They\nwill take your order over the phone or via FAX with a major credit card. I \nordered mine just last week and received it several days later. Don\'t expect \nto be able to rent a copy from your local video store. According to the license\nagreement printed on the back cover of the case, it cannot be rented.\n\n\n11) How do I draw a circle as a Bezier (or B-spline) curve?\n\nThe short answer is, "You can\'t."  Unless you use a rational spline you\ncan only approximate a circle.  The approximation may look acceptable,\nbut it is sensitive to scale.  Magnify the scale and the error of\napproximation magnifies.  Deviations from circularity that were not\nvisible in the small can become glaring in the large.  If you want to\ndo the job right, consult the article:\n\n  "A Menagerie of Rational B-Spline Circles"\n  by Leslie Piegl and Wayne Tiller\n  in IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, volume 9, number 9,\n  September, 1989, pages 48-56.\n\nFor rough, non-rational approximations, consult the book:\n\n  Computational Geometry for Design and Manufacture\n  by I. D. Faux and M. J. Pratt,\n  Ellis Horwood Publishers, Halsted Press, John Wiley 1980.\n\nFor the best known non-rational approximations, consult the article:\n\n  "Good Approximation of Circles by Curvature-continuous Bezier Curves"\n  by Tor Dokken, Morten Daehlen, Tom Lyche, and Knut Morken\n  in Computer Aided Geometric Design, volume 7, numbers 1-4 (combined),\n  June, 1990, pages 33-41 [Elsevier Science Publishers (North-Holland)]\n\n\n12) How to order standards documents.\n\nThe American National Standards Institute sells ANSI standards, and also\nISO (international) standards.  Their sales office is at 1-212-642-4900,\nmailing address is 1430 Broadway, NY NY 10018.  It helps if you have the\ncomplete name and number.\n\nSome useful numbers to know:\n\nCGM (Computer Graphics Metafile) is ISO 8632-4 (1987).  GKS (Graphical\nKernel System) is ANSI X3.124-1985.  PHIGS (Programmer\'s Hierarchical\nInteractive Graphics System) is ANSI X3.144-1988.  IGES is ASME/ANSI\nY14.26M-1987.  Language bindings are often separate but related numbers;\nfor example, the GKS FORTRAN binding is X3.124.1-1985.\n\nStandards-in-progress are made available at key milestones to solicit\ncomments from the graphical public (this includes you!).  ANSI can let\nyou know where to order them; most are available from Global Engineering\nat 1-800-854-7179.\n\n\n13) How to FTP by email.\n\nThere are a number of sites that archive the Usenet sources newsgroups\nand make them available via an email query system.  You send a message\nto an automated server saying something like "send comp.sources.unix/fbm",\nand a few hours or days later you get the file in the mail.\n\nIn addition, there is at least one FTP-by-mail server.  Send mail to\nftpmail@decwrl.dec.com saying "help" and it will tell you how to use\nit.  Note that this service has at times been turned off due to abuse.\n\n\n14) How to tell whether a point is within a planar polygon.\n\nConsider a ray originating at the point of interest and continuing to\ninfinity.  If it crosses an odd number of polygon edges along the way,\nthe point is within the polygon.  If the ray crosses an even number of\nedges, the point is either outside the polygon, or within an interior\nhole formed from intersecting polygon edges.  This idea is known in\nthe trade as the Jordan curve theorem; see Eric Haines\' article in\nGlassner\'s ray tracing book (above) for more information, including\ntreatment of special cases.\n\nAnother method is to sum the absolute angles from the point to all\nthe vertices on the polygon.  If the sum is 2 pi, the point is inside,\nif the sum is 0 the point is outside.  However, this method is about an\norder of magnitude slower than the previous method because evaluating the\ntrigonometric functions is usually quite costly.\n\nCode for both methods (plus barycentric triangle testing) can be found in\nthe Ray Tracing News, Vol. 5, No. 3, available from princeton.edu:\npub/Graphics/RTNews/RTNv5n3.Z.\n\n\n15) How to tessellate a sphere.\n\nOne simple way is to do recursive subdivision into triangles.  The\nbase of the recursion is an octahedron, and then each level divides\neach triangle into four smaller ones.  Jon Leech <leech@cs.unc.edu>\nhas posted a nice routine called sphere.c that generates the coordinates.\nIt\'s available for FTP on ftp.ee.lbl.gov and princeton.edu.\n\n16) Specific references on ray-tracing and global illumination.\n\nRick Speer maintains a cross-indexed ray-tracing bibliography:\n\nHighlights of this edition-\n\n    i) more than 500 citations spanning the period from 1968 through\n       November \'91;\n    ii) papers from all Siggraph, Graphics Interface, Eurographics, CG\n        International and Ausgraph proceedings through December, \'91;\n    iii) all citations keyworded for easy lookup;\n    iv) cross-indices by keyword and author;\n    v)  glossary of the 119 keywords used.\n\nThe bib is in the form of a PostScript file.  The printout is 41 pages long.\nBelow is a list of ftp sites and the dirs that contain the file. It\'s named\n"speer.raytrace.bib.ps.Z" and is compressed at most sites-\n\n             Site                             Dir\n\twuarchive.wustl.edu\tgraphics/graphics/bib/RT.BIB.Speer/\n\tkarazm.math.uh.edu\tpub/Graphics/\n\tgondwana.ecr.mu.oz.au\tpub/papers/\n\tnic.funet.fi\t\tpub/sci/papers/graphics\n\tcoral.cs.jcu.edu.au     graphics/papers/\n\nEric Haines (erich@eye.com) maintains ray tracing and radiosity/global\nillumination bibliographies.  These are in "refer" format, and so can be\nsearched electronically (a simple awk script to search for keywords is\nincluded with each).  The bibliographies are available at most of the\nsites listed above, and the most current versions are maintained at\nprinceton.edu: pub/Graphics/Papers as "RayBib.*" and "RadBib.*".\n\nTom Wilson (wilson@cs.ucf.edu) has collected over 300 abstracts from ray\ntracing related research papers and books.  The information is essentially\nin plaintext, and Latex and troff formatting programs are included.  This\ncollection is available at most of the sites above as "rtabs.*".\n\n17) SIGGRAPH information online\n\n[from Steve Cunningham and Ralph Orlick]\n\nACM-SIGGRAPH announces its online information site at  siggraph.org\n(128.248.245.250).  This site now provides SIGGRAPH information via both\nanonymous ftp and an electronic mail archive server.\n\nThe anonymous ftp service is very standard, and the ftp directory includes\nboth conference and publications subdirectories.\n\nTo retrieve information by electronic mail, send mail to\n     archive-server@siggraph.org\nand in the subject or the body of the message include the message  send\nfollowed by the topic and subtopic you wish.  A good place to start is with\nthe command\n     send index\nwhich will give you an up-to-date list of available information.\n\n\n18) SIGGRAPH Panels Proceedings available\n\n[from Steve Cunningham and Bob Judd]\n\nACM SIGGRAPH announces the availability of the SIGGRAPH \'91 Panels Proceedings\nat the  siggraph.org  site (128.248.245.250).  The proceedings are available\nin three formats:\n     text   (ASCII)\n     rtf    (rich text format, suitable for many word processors)\n     word   (MS Word for the Macintosh)\nThey may be retrieved from siggraph.org in two ways:\n\n(1) by anonymous ftp\n    change to one of the directories\n       publications/s91/panels_proceedings/[text|rtf|word]\n    The text and rtf files may be downloaded in ASCII mode, while the word\n    files are stored in MacBinary format and must be downloaded in binary \n    mode.\n\n    Each directory contains a Table of Contents file (TOC) that describes the\n    contents of each panel file.\n\n(2) by electronic mail\n    send mail to\n       archive-server@siggraph.org\n    You can retrieve either the  text  or  rtf  files.  We suggest that you\n    first retrieve the index files by putting one of the messages\n       send panel91-txt index\n       send panel91-rtf index\n    in the subject or body of the message.  You will get the necessary\n    information to retrieve the actual transcript files.\n\n\n19) Graphics mailing lists\n\nThere are a variety of graphics-related mailing list out there, each\ncovering either a single product or a single topic.  I have been an\nactive participant in one of these for some time now, and find the\nfocus and expertise which can be brought to bear on an isolated topic\nto be nothing short of amazing.\n\nPlease send me the appropriate information if you have any others you\nwould like to see added.\n\nName:\t\tImagine mailing list\nDescription:\tDiscussion forum for users of the Imagine 3D Rendering and\n\t\tAnimation package by Impulse, Inc.\nPlatforms:\tAmiga, IBM\nSubscription:\timagine-request@email.sp.paramax.com\nPosting:\timagine@email.sp.paramax.com\n\nName:\t\tDCTV mailing list\nDescription:\tDiscussion forum for users of the Digital Creations DCTV\n\t\tbox, software, and file formats\nPlatforms:\tAmiga\nSubscription:\tDCTV-request@nova.cc.purdue.edu\nPosting:\tDCTV@nova.cc.purdue.edu\n\nName:\t\tRayshade Users mailing list\nDescription:\tDiscussion forum for users of the Rayshade raytracer\nPlatforms:\tMost UNIX boxes, Amiga, Mac, IBM\nSubscription:\trayshade-request@cs.princeton.edu\nPosting:\trayshade-users@cs.princeton.edu\n\nName:\t\tLightwave 3D software for Toaster mailing list\nDescription:\tDiscussion forum for users of Lightwave, the Video\n\t\tToaster modelling and rendering package\nPlatforms:\tAmiga\nSubscription:\tlightwave-request@bobsbox.rent.com\n\t\twith "subscribe lightwave-l" in your message\nPosting:\tlightwave@bobsbox.rent.com\n\nName:\t\tPOV mailing list\nDescription:\tDiscussion forum for DKBTrace and POV renderers\nPlatforms:\tUnix\nSubscription:\tlistserv@trearn.bitnet\nPosting:\tdkb-l@trearn.bitnet\n\nName:\t\tMailing List For Massive Parallel Rendering\nDescription:\tsame?\nPlatforms:\tUnix\nSubscription:\tmp-render-request@icase.edu\nPosting:\tmp-render@icase.edu\n\n20) Specific references on file formats\n\n    Graphics File Formats, David Kay and John Levine, Windcrest/McGraw-Hill\n      1992, ISBN 0-8306-3059-7 paper, ISBN 0-8306-3060-0 $36.95 hardcover,\n      ISBN 0-8306-3059-7 $24.95 paper.  Comments - 26 formats, no software\n      (this is good, IMHO - I prefer books which are non-platform-dependent).\n      Questions about this book may be sent to gbook@iecc.cambridge.ma.us.\n\n\n21) What about GIF?\n\nGIF stands for Graphics Interchange Format.  It is portable and usable upon\na wide variety of platforms.  It is quite limited in some ways (yes, the\nkeeper of the FAQ has some opinions after all), and in fact, I don\'t like\nit much.  However, it looks to me like the most-Frequently Asked Question\nwhich was not previously covered in this list.  The following is a list\nof newsgroups and the like where one could go to find out about GIF.\n\nSubject: alt.binaries.pictures FAQ - General info\nSubject: alt.binaries.pictures FAQ - OS specific info\nNewsgroups: alt.binaries.pictures.d,alt.binaries.pictures.misc,\n\talt.binaries.pictures.utilities,alt.binaries.pictures.fractals,\n\talt.binaries.pictures.fine-art.d,news.answers\n\nAvailable in the indicated USENET newsgroup(s), or via anonymous ftp from\npit-manager.mit.edu in the files:\n\n/pub/usenet/news.answers/pictures-faq/part1\n/pub/usenet/news.answers/pictures-faq/part2\n\nAlso available from mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu by sending a mail\nmessage containing any or all of:\n\nsend usenet/news.answers/pictures-faq/part1\nsend usenet/news.answers/pictures-faq/part2\n\nSend a message containing "help" to get general information about the\nmail server.\n\nAlso, you could check out the resources described in sections 7, 8, and\n20 above for more information.\n\n\n22) What is morphing?\n\nWarping is the deformation of an image by mapping each pixel to a new\nlocation. Morphing is blending from one image or object to another one.\nValerie Hall has written an excellent introduction to warping and\nmorphing. This is available for anonymous ftp from marsh.cs.curtin.edu.au\nin the directory pub/graphics/bibliography/Morph. There are three files:\n\n        morph_intro.ps.Z     (PostScript version, many pictures - 1.5M)\n        morph_intro.txt.Z    (text version)\n        m_responses.Z        (Responses to morphing questions)\n\nThe files are compressed, so you must use binary transfer and\nuncompress them afterwards.\n\n\n23) How to ray-trace height fields\n\nHeight fields are a special case in ray-tracing.  They have a number of uses,\nsuch as terrain rendering, and some optimization is possible.  Thus, they\nget their own FAQ section.  Note that further references can no doubt be\nlocated via the ray-tracing bibs in section 16 above.\n\nThe following paper seems to be the definitive reference:\n\nF. Kenton Musgrave\nGrid Tracing: Fast Ray Tracing For Height Fields\nJuly, 1988\n<musg88.ps.Z>\n\nThis is available as "Research Report YALEU/DCS/RR-639" from Yale University,\nit\'s also in the SIGGRAPH \'91 Fractal Modeling in 3D Computer Graphics and\nImaging course notes, and (best of all) it\'s available on the net:\n\n    nic.funet.fi\t\tpub/sci/papers/musg88.ps.Z\n    weedeater.math.yale.edu\tpub/Papers/musg88.ms.Z\n    princeton.edu\t\tpub/Graphics/Papers/musg88.ms.Z\n    coral.cs.jcu.edu.au\t\tgraphics/papers/musg88.ps.Z\n    gondwana.ecr.mu.OZ.AU\tpub/papers/musg88.ms.Z and musg88.ps.Z\n\nAn implementation of this paper may be found in Rayshade.\n\nAnother paper exists:\n\n%A David W. Paglieroni\n%A Sidney M. Petersen\n%T Parametric Height Field Ray Tracing\n%J Proceedings of Graphics Interface \'92\n%I Canadian Information Processing Society\n%C Toronto, Ontario\n%D May 1992\n%P 192-200\n\nAnd still one more:\n\nMusgrave, Kolb, and Mace\n"The Synthesis and Rendering of Eroded Fractal Terrains",\nComputer Graphics Vol 23, No. 3 (SIGGRAPH \'89 procedings) p. 41-50\n\n\n\n24) How to find the area of a 3D polygon\n\n\tThe area of a triangle is given by (in C notation),\n\n     area = 0.5 * ( ( x[0] * y[1] ) + ( x[1] * y[2] ) + ( x[2] * y[0] ) -\n\t            ( x[1] * y[0] ) - ( x[2] * y[1] ) - ( x[0] * y[2] ) );\n\nand the area of a planar polygon is given by\n\n     area = 0.0;\n\n     for ( i = 0; i < n - 1; i++ )\n         area += ( x[i] * y[i + 1] ) - ( x[i + 1] * y[i] );\n     area += ( x[n - 1] * y[0] ) - ( x[0] * y[n - 1] );\n     area /= 2.0;\n\nIf the area is a negative number, the polygon or triangle is\nclockwise, if positive, it is counterclockwise.\n\n>From Ronald Golman\'s Gem (in Graphics Gems II - see section 1 above), "Area\n of Planar Polygons and Volume of Polyhedra:"\n\nThe area of a polygon P0, P1, P2, ... Pn, not in the x-y plane, is\ngiven by\n\n     Area(Polygon) = 1/2 * | N . Sigma { Pk x Pk+1 } |\n\nwhere N is the unit vector normal to the plane and P is a polygonal\nvertex.  The . represents the dot product operator and the x\nrepresents the cross product operator.  Sigma represents the summation\noperator.  | | represents the absolute value operator.  Pn+1 is equal\nto P0.\n\n\n25) How to join ACM/SIGGRAPH\n\nProbably the easiest way to join ACM/SIGGRAPH is to trot over to your\nlocal technical library and find a copy of Communications of the ACM.\nSomewhere within the first few pages will be an application blank.\nFill it out and mail it in.  ACM membership for students costs $23.00,\nVoting or Associate Membership $77.00 (yearly)\n\nSIGGRAPH student membership costs an additional $16.00, $26.00 for\nVoting or Associate Members (also yearly).  To get TOG (Transactions\non Graphics) it\'s another $26.00 for students and $31.00 for Voting or\nAssociate Members.\n\nIf you just want to join SIGGRAPH without joining ACM, it\'ll cost you\n$59.00 (no student discount).\n\nThere are surcharges for overseas airmailing of publications.\n\nACM Member services may be contacted via email at acmhelp@acmvm.bitnet. \nTheir phone number is (212) 626-0500.  FAX number (212) 944-1318.\nSnailmail address:\n\n                ACM\n                PO Box 12114\n                Church Street Station\n                New York, New York 10257\n\nSIGGRAPH `93 will be held in Anaheim, California, at the Anaheim\nConvention Center (just up the street from Disneyland) on August 1-6, 1993.\n\n26) Where can I find MRI and CT scan volume data?\n\nVolume data sets are available from the University of North Carolina at\nomicron.cs.unc.edu (152.2.128.159) in /pub/softlab/CHVRTD.  (Commerical\nuse is prohibited.)\n\nHead data - A 109-slice MRI data set of a human head.\n\nKnee data - A 127-slice MRI data set of a human knee.\n\nHIPIP data - The result of a quantum mechanical calculation of a SOD data\nof a one-electron orbital of HIPIP, an iron protein.\n\nSOD data - An electron density map of the active site of SOD (superoxide\ndismutase). \n\nCT Cadaver Head data - A 113-slice MRI data set of a CT study of a cadaver\nhead. \n\nMR Brain data -  A 109-slice MRI data set of a head with skull partially\nremoved to reveal brain.\n\nRNA data - An electron density map for Staphylococcus Aureus Ribonuclease.\n\n\n27) Specific references on spatial data structures including quadtrees\n\tand octrees\n\nH. Samet,\nThe Design and Analysis of Spatial Data Structures,\nAddison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990.\nISBN 0-201-50255-0.\n\nH. Samet,\nApplications of Spatial Data Structures:  Computer Graphics, Image Processing, a\nnd GIS,\nAddison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990.\nISBN 0-201-50300-0.\n\n\n28) Where can I get a program to plot XY(Z) data or f(x) data?\n\nGnuplot is a command-driven interactive data/function  plotting program.  It\nruns on just about any machine, and is very flexible in terms of supported\noutput devices.  The official North American distribution site for the latest\nversion is dartmouth.edu in /pub/gnuplot.  More information is available from\nthe USENET newsgroup comp.graphics.gnuplot and its FAQ, graphics/gnuplot-faq.\n\nACE/gr (xmgr - Motif/xvgr - XView) is a data/function plotting tool for \nworkstations or X-terminals using X.  Available from ftp.ccalmr.ogi.edu\nin /CCALMR/pub/acegr.\n\nrobotx (Robot) is a general purpose plotting and data analysis program.\nRequires XView, X-terminal or workstation.  Available from sunsite.unc.edu\nin /pub/academic/data_analysis.\n\nXgraph is a popular two-dimensional plotting program that accepts data in a\nform similar to the unix program graph and displays line graphs, scatter plots,\nor bar charts on an X11 display.  Available from ic.berkeley.edu in /pub.\n\nDrawplot is a program for drawing 2D plots on X10/X11 windows, SUNVIEW\ndisplays, or HP2648 terminals. Available from xcf.berkeley.edu in /src/local.\n\n29) Specific references on PEX and PHIGS\n\n    PEXlib Programming Manual, Tom Gaskins, 1154 pages, O\'Reilly & Associates,\n\tISBN 1-56592-028-7\n\n    PEXlib Reference Manual, edited by Steve Talbott, 577 pages, O\'Reilly &\n\tAssociates, ISBN 1-56592-029-5\n\n    PHIGS Programming Manual, Tom Gaskins, 908 pages, O\'Reilly & Associates,\n\tISBN 0-93775-85-4 (softcover), ISBN 0-937175-92-7 (casebound)\n\n    PHIGS Reference Manual, edited by Linda Kosko, 1099 pages, O\'Reilly &\n\tAssociates, ISBN 0-937175-91-9\n\n\n30) SIGGRAPH Online Bibliography Project\n\nThe ACM SIGGRAPH Online Bibliography Project is a database of over 15,000\nunique computer graphics and computational geometry references in BibTeX\nformat, available to the computer graphics community as a research and\neducational resource.\n\nThe database is located at "siggraph.org".  Users may download the BibTeX\nfiles via FTP and peruse them offline, or telnet to "siggraph.org" and log\nin as "biblio" and interactively search the database for entries of interest,\nby keyword.\n\nAdditions/corrections/suggestions may be directed to the admin,\n"bibadmin@siggraph.org".\n-- \nJohn T. Grieggs (Telos @ Jet Propulsion Laboratory)\n4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, Ca. 91109 M/S 525-3660    (818) 306-6506\nUucp: {cit-vax,elroy,chas2}!jpl-devvax!grieggs\nArpa: ...jpl-devvax!grieggs@cit-vax.ARPA\n',
  u'From: xrcjd@resolve.gsfc.nasa.gov (Charles J. Divine)\nSubject: Science News article on Federal R&D\nOrganization: NASA/GSFC Greenbelt Maryland\nLines: 8\n\nJust a pointer to the article in the current Science News article\non Federal R&D funding.\n\nVery briefly, all R&D is being shifted to gaining current \ncompetitive advantage from things like military and other work that\ndoes not have as much commercial utility.\n-- \nChuck Divine\n',
  u'From: perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry)\nSubject: Re: Who has read Rushdie\'s _The Satanic Verses_?\nOrganization: Decision Support Inc.\nLines: 34\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bozo.dsinc.com\n\nIn article <37410@optima.cs.arizona.edu> sham@cs.arizona.edu (Shamim Zvonko Mohamed) writes:\n>In article <1r1cl7INNknk@bozo.dsinc.com> perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry) writes:\n>>Anyway, since I seem to be the only one following this particular line\n>>of discussion, I wonder how many of the rest of the readership have\n>>read this book?  What are your thoughts on it?  \n>\n>I read it when it first came out[...]\n>And I *liked* it. [...]\n>At the time I still "sorta-kinda" thought of myself as a muslim, and I\n>couldn\'t see what the flap was all about. [...]\n\nThank you.  I now know at least that though I may be on drugs, at\nleast I\'m not the only one.\n\n>The writing style was a little hard to get used to, but\n>it was well worth the effort. Coming from a similar background (Rushdie\n>grew up in Bombay in a muslim family, and moved to England; I grew up in\n>New Delhi), it made a strong impression on me.  (And he used many of the\n>strange constructions of Indian English: the "yaar" at the end of a\n>sentence, "Butbutbut," the occasional hindi phrase, etc.)\n\nYes, this took some getting used to -- of course not having an Indian\nconnection, no knowledge of hindi, etc., this was not trivial for me.\nI did have, thanks to the wonders of the net, "A Glossary to *Satanic\nVerses*", posted to rec.arts.books by Vijay Raghavan, which explains a\nlot of the Indian English constructions, Indian culture references,\neven the Islamic references ("Jahilia", "Submission", the context of\nthe Satanic Verses incident, etc.) -- what I have only covers the\nfirst couple of hundred pages, but it helped me get into the flow of\nthe novel [I can mail this to anyone interested; if anyone has\nportions after part I, if they exist, I\'d like to get those].\n-- \nJim Perry   perry@dsinc.com   Decision Support, Inc., Matthews NC\nThese are my opinions.  For a nominal fee, they can be yours.\n',
  u"From: S_BRAUN@IRAV19.ira.uka.de (Thomas Braun)\nSubject: sources for shading wanted\nOrganization: University of Karlsruhe, FRG\nLines: 22\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: irav19.ira.uka.de\nX-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.25\n\nI'm looking for shading methods and algorithms.\nPlease let me know if you know where to get source codes for that.\n\nThanks a lot!\n\nThomas\n\n\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n|                   Thomas Braun, Universitaet Karlsruhe                      |\n|                    E-Mail : S_BRAUN@iravcl.ira.uka.de                       |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n \n\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n|  \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ \\_\\_\\_     Thomas Braun                                        |\n|       \\_     \\_   \\_    University Karlsruhe, Germany                      |\n|        \\_     \\_\\_\\_     email:                                            |\n|         \\_     \\_   \\_    - S_Braun@iravcl.ira.uka.de                      |\n|          \\_     \\_\\_\\_     - UKAY@dkauni2.bitnet                           |\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n                         \n",
  u'From: Mehrtens_T@msm.cdx.mot.com\nSubject: Re: How many read sci.space?\nNntp-Posting-Host: tom_mac.prds.cdx.mot.com\nOrganization: Motorola_Codex\nLines: 25\n\nIn article <1qkmkiINNep3@mojo.eng.umd.edu> sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug\nMohney) writes:\n>In article <1993Apr15.204210.26022@mksol.dseg.ti.com>,\npyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com (Dillon Pyron) writes:\n>>\n>>There are actually only two of us.  I do Henry, Fred, Tommy and Mary.  Oh\nyeah,\n>>this isn\'t my real name, I\'m a bald headed space baby.\n>\n>Damn!  So it was YOU who was drinking beer with ROBERT McELWANE in the PARKING\n>LOT of the K-MART!\n>    Software engineering? That\'s like military intelligence, isn\'t it?\n>  -- >                  SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU                        < --\n\nThey just tore down the Kmart near my house (putting in a new suptermarket).  I\nheard that there is a beer drinking ghost who still haunts the place!  8-{)\n\nTom\n\nI liked this one I read a while ago...\n\n"Data sheet: HSN-3000 Nuclear Event Detector. The [NED] senses the gamma\nradiation pulse [from a] nuclear weapon." As if we wouldn\'t notice...\n\n\n',
  u"From: steveq@DIALix.oz.au (Steve Quartly)\nSubject: WANTED: SIRD Alogorythmn\nSummary: WANTED: A Sird Alogorythmn\nKeywords: Sird\nArticle-I.D.: DIALix.1praaa$pqv\nOrganization: DIALix Services, Perth, Western Australia\nLines: 12\nNNTP-Posting-Host: localhost.dialix.oz.au\nX-Newsreader: NN version 6.4.19 #1\n\nHi,\n\nI'm interested in writing a program to generate a SIRD picture, you know\nthe stereogram where you cross your eyes and the picture becomes 3D.\n\nDoes anyone have one or know where I can get one?\n\nPlease e-mail to steveq@sndcrft.DIALix.oz.au with any replies.\n\nMany thanks for your help.\n\nSteve Q.\n",
  u'From: MANDTBACKA@FINABO.ABO.FI (Mats Andtbacka)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Unorganized Usenet Postings UnInc.\nLines: 51\nIn-Reply-To: cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu\'s message of Fri, 16 Apr 1993 15:32:04 GMT\nX-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.24\n\nIn <C5L1tG.K5q@news.cso.uiuc.edu> cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu writes:\n\n> If some society came up with a good reason for why rape and murder are ok I \n> would be consistent with my position and hold that it was still wrong.  My \n> basis of morality is not on societal norms, or on current legalities.  My\n> basis is, surprise surprise, on both the Bible and on inherent moral\n> abhorrences,\n\n      AH! But what, exactly, is "inherently abhorrent" and WHY is it so?\nWhat you\'re saying is, in effect, "I think some things are repulsive,\nand I know a whole bunch of other people who agree with me, so they\nshould be deemed absolutely immoral now and forever, period".\n\n      Which in and of itself is nice enough; to some extent I agree with\nyou. But I do _not_ agree that things are \'inherently\' or \'absolutely\'\nimmoral; they are labeled \'immoral\' each for its own good reason, and if\nthe reason can even theoretically change, then so can the label.\n\n[...]\n> Yes, that\'s vague, and the only way I know off the top of my head to\n> defend it is to say that all humans are similarly made. Yes, that falls\n> into the trap of creation,\n\n      No it doesn\'t. Humans are to some extent similar, because we all\nbelong to the same species; that that species has evolved is another\nstory altogether. To a certain extent evolution can even lend credence\nto moral absolutism (of a flavour).\n\n[...]\n> My arguments are that it is better to exhibit trust, goodness, \n> love, respect, courage, and honesty in any society rather than deceipt,\n> hatred, disrespect, "cowardness", and dishonesty.\n\n      You\'re saying morality is what\'ll keep society alive and kicking.\nIt is, I think, up to a point; but societies are not all alike, and\nneither are their moralities.\n\n> No, I haven\'t been everywhere and \n> seen everyone, but, according to my thesis, I don\'t have to, since I hold that\n> we were all created similarly.\n\n      Similar != identical.\n\n> If that makes an unfalsifiable thesis, just say\n> so, and I\'ll both work out what I can and punt to fellow theists.\n\n      No, it\'s falsifiable through finding someoe who was "created\ndifferent", whatever that might be in the "real" world.\n\n-- \n  Disclaimer?   "It\'s great to be young and insane!"\n',
  u'From: Alan.Olsen@p17.f40.n105.z1.fidonet.org (Alan Olsen)\nSubject: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nLines: 29\n\n\nMC> Theory of Creationism: MY theistic view of the theory of\nMC> creationism, (there  are many others) is stated in Genesis\nMC> 1.  In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.\n\nAnd which order of Creation do you accept?\tThe story of creation is one of the\nmany places in the Bible where the Story contradicts itself.  The following is\nan example...\n\nGEN 1:25  And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle \nafter  their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his\nkind: and God saw that it was good.\nGEN 1:26  And God said, Let us make man in our image,  after  our likeness: \nand  let  them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of\nthe air, and over the cattle, and  over  all the  earth,  and over every\ncreeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.\n\nGEN 2:18  And the LORD God said, It is  not  good  that  the  man should be\nalone; I will make him an help meet for him.\nGEN 2:19  And out of the ground the LORD God formed  every  beast of  the \nfield,  and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he\nwould call them: and whatsoever  Adam  called every living creature, that was\nthe name thereof.\n\nEven your Bible cannot agree on how things were created.  Why should we\nbelieve in it?\n\n                   Alan\n\n',
  u"From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Satellite around Pluto Mission? \nLines: 14\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\n\nBeing wierd again, so be warned:\n\nIs there a plan to put a satellite around each planet in the solar system to\nkeep watch? I help it better to ask questions before I spout an opinion.\n\nHow about a mission (unmanned) to Pluto to stay in orbit and record things\naround and near and on Pluto.. I know it is a strange idea, but why not??\nIt could do some scanning of not only Pluto, but also of the solar system,\nobjects near and aaroundpluto, as well as SETI and looking at the galaxy\nwithout having much of the solar system to worry about..\n\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I'm not high, just jacked\n\n",
  u"From: billosh@netcom.com (William E. O'Shaughnessy)\nSubject: Re: moon image in weather sat image\nOrganization: Netcom - Online Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)\nLines: 6\n\nIf you brighten up the dark part of CV043015.GIF with your viewer you \nwill see two other objects near the upper left part of the moon.\nOne is actually between the weather satellite and the moon.\n\n\t\t\t    Bill O'Shaughnessy\n\n",
  u'From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov\nSubject: Re: Russian Email Contacts.\nOrganization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nLines: 10\n\nI am coordinating the Space Shuttle Program Office\'s e-mail traffic to\nNPO Energia for our on-going Joint Missions.  I have several e-mail\naddresses for NPO Energia folks, but I won\'t post them on the \'Net for\nobvious reasons.  If you need to know, give me a yell.\n\n-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\n      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368\n\n     "The earth is the cradle of humanity, but mankind will not stay in\n     the cradle forever." -- Konstantin Tsiolkvosky\n',
  u'From: richard@cs.arizona.edu (Richard J Shank)\nSubject: Re: Space Marketing would be wonderfull.\nOrganization: U of Arizona CS Dept, Tucson\nLines: 6\n\n\nI can see it now emblazened across the evening sky --\n\n\t\tTHIS SPACE FOR RENT\n\n\n',
  u'From: shafer@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov (Mary Shafer)\nSubject: Re: Crazy? or just Imaginitive?\nIn-Reply-To: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\'s message of Thu, 22 Apr 1993 04:54:03 GMT\nOrganization: NASA Dryden, Edwards, Cal.\nLines: 25\n\nOn Thu, 22 Apr 1993 04:54:03 GMT, nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu said:\n\nnsmca> So some of my ideas are a bit odd, off the wall and such, but\nnsmca> so was Wilbur and Orville Wright, and quite a few others..\n\nThis is a common misconception.  There was nothing "off the wall"\nabout the Wright Brothers.  They were in correspondance with a number\nof other experimenters (Octave Chanute, Lillienthal, etc), they flew\nmodels, they had a wind tunnel.  In short, they were quite mainstream\nand were not regarded as odd or eccentric by the community.\n\nI suggest you read The Bishop\'s Boys or the biography by Harry Gates?\nCombs?  (I can never remember which it is--the guy that had the FBOs\nand owned Learjet for a while).  These are both in print and easily\nobtainable.  The Bishop\'s Boys is in trade paperback, even.\n\nEven better would be the multi-volume set of the Wrights\' writings,\nbut this is out of print, rare, and hideously expensive.\n\n\n\n--\nMary Shafer  DoD #0362 KotFR NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, CA\nshafer@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov                    Of course I don\'t speak for NASA\n "A MiG at your six is better than no MiG at all."  Unknown US fighter pilot\n',
  u"From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: What's a shit shoveler to do? (was Re: Amusing atheists and)\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 20\n\nRobert Beauchaine (bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM) wrote:\n: >\n\n:   Precisely my position.  \n\n:   As a newbie, I tried the point-by-point approach to debate with\n:   these types.  It wasted both my time and my lifespan.  Ignoring\n:   them is not an option, since they don't go away, and doing so\n:   would leave one with large stretches of complete anonymity in this\n:   group.\n\nBob,\n\nI've posted here long enough to see your name a few times, but I\ncan't recall any point by point approach to anything you've\ncontributed. But I'm old (probably senile) and I may have just\nforgotten, if you could post an example of your invincible logic, it\nmight jog my memory.\n\nBill\n",
  u"From: stephens@geod.emr.ca (Dave Stephenson)\nSubject: Re: Clementine Science Team Selected\nNntp-Posting-Host: ngis.geod.emr.ca\nOrganization: Dept. of Energy, Mines, and Resources, Ottawa\nLines: 32\n\nnickh@CS.CMU.EDU (Nick Haines) writes:\n\n>In article <stephens.734792933@ngis> stephens@geod.emr.ca (Dave Stephenson) writes:\n\n>   Remember the first government scientist in the British Empire was\n>   the Astronomer Royal, who was paid [...] from the Department\n>   of Ordinance Budget (i.e. the military). Flamsteed House (the original\n>   RGO) was built out of Army Surplus Scrap ( A gate house at the Tower of\n>   London ?), and paid for by the sale of time expired gunpowder [...]\n\n>At the time, astronomy was vital to the military, in that navigation\n>and cartography were of primary impoortance to the military, and good\n>cartography was impossible without good astronomy.\n\n>The relevance these daysis somewhat less obvious.\n\n>Nick\n\nIt still applies, except the astronomy these days is Very Long Baseline\nRadio Astronomy coupled to GPS and Satellite Laser Ranging. The data\nfrom NASA's and the Naval Observatory's (among others) is a vital \nsource of data for studies into crustal dynamics, Earth rotation, and\npurturbations. Every time there is a leap second added to the New Year,\nremember the military and science are still co-habiting nicely. The\nsame VLBI was used to track Gallileo as it passed the Earth, and used\nso little fuel that it can afford to observe Ida. \n \n--\nDave Stephenson\nGeodetic Survey of Canada\nOttawa, Ontario, Canada\nInternet: stephens@geod.emr.ca\n",
  u'From: clavazzi@nyx.cs.du.edu (The_Doge)\nSubject: What we can learn from the Waco wackos\nOrganization: Nyx, Public Access Unix @ U. of Denver Math/CS dept.\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 34\n\n\n\tThere are actually a few important things we can glean from this mess:\n1)\tWhen they start getting desperate for an answer to the question: "What\'s\nit all about. Mr. Natural?", pinkboys will buy darn near *anything*, which\nmeans:\n2)\tThere\'s still plenty of $$$$ to be made in the False Jesus business\nby enterprising SubGenii.  Just remember that:\n3)\tOnce you\'ve separated the pinks from their green, don\'t blow it all\non automatic weapons from Mexico.  Put it in a Swiss bank account.  Smile a\nlot.  Have your flunkies hand out flowers in airports.  The Con will just\nshrug you off as long as:\n4)\tYou never, never, NEVER start to believe your own bulldada!  If\n"David Koresh" hand\'t started swallowing his own "apocalypso now" crap, he\'d\nbe working crossword puzzles in the Bahamas today instead of contributing to\nthe mulch layer in Waco.  This is because:\n5)\tWhen you start shooting at cops, they\'re likely to shoot back.  And \nmost of \'em are better shots than you are.\n\n\tIn short:\n\t- P.T. Barnum was right \n\t\tand\n\t- Stupidity is self-correcting\nThus endeth the lesson.\n\n\t************************************************************\n\t*  \tThe_Doge of South St. Louis\t\t\t   *\n\t*\t\tDobbs-Approved Media Conspirator(tm)\t   *\n\t*\t"One Step Beyond"  -- Sundays, 3 to 5 pm\t   *\n\t*\t\t88.1 FM\t\tSt. Louis Community Radio  *\n\t*  "You\'ll pay to know what you *really* think!"           *\n\t*\t\t\t-- J.R. "Bob" Dobbs"\t\t   *\n\t************************************************************\n\n\n',
  u'From: ch381@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (James K. Black)\nSubject: NEEDED: algorithms for 2-d & 3-d object recognition\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 23\nReply-To: ch381@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (James K. Black)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nHi,\n         I have a friend who is working on 2-d and 3-d object recognition. He is looking\nfor references describing algorithms on the following subject areas:\n\nThresholding\nEdge Segmentation\nMarr-Hildreth\nSobel Operator\nChain Codes\nThinning - Skeletonising\n\nIf anybody is willing to post an algorithm that they have implemented which demonstrates\nany of the above topics, it would be much appreciated.\n\nPlease post all replies to my e-mail address. If requested I will post a summary to the\nnewsgroup in a couple of weeks.\n\n\nThanks in advance for all replies\n\nJames\neb192@city.ac.uk\n',
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 38\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1qjf31$o7t@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>, frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n|> In article <1qimbe$sp@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> #In article <1qif1g$fp3@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>, frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n|> #|> In article <1qialf$p2m@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> #|> \n|> #|> I forget the origin of the quote, but "I gotta use words when I talk to\n|> #|> you".  An atheist is one who lacks belief in gods, yes?  If so, then\n|> #|> it\'s entirely plausible that an atheist could dig Lenin or Lennon to\n|> #|> such an extent that it might be considered "worship", and still be\n|> #|> an atheist.  Anything else seems to be Newspeak.\n|> #\n|> #Ask yourself the following question.   Would you regard an ardent\n|> #Nazi as a republican, simply because Germany no longer had a Kaiser?\n|> \n|> No, because that\'s based on false dichotomy.   There are more options\n|> than you present me.  \n\nAnd that, of course, is the point.   You can\'t simply divide the\nworld into atheists and non-atheists on the basis of god-belief.\n\nIf all you care about is belief in a supernatural deity, and\nhave nothing to say about behaviour, then belief in a supernatural\nbeing is your criterion.\n\nBut once you start talking about behaviour, then someone\'s suscept-\nibility to be led by bad people into doing bad things is what you \nare - I assume - worried about.\n\nAnd in that area, what you care about is whether someone is sceptical,\ncritical and autonomous on the one hand, or gullible, excitable and\neasily led on the other.\n\nI would say that a tendency to worship tyrants and ideologies indicates\nthat a person is easily led.   Whether they have a worship or belief \nin a supernatural hero rather than an earthly one seems to me to be\nbeside the point.\n\njon.\n',
  u'From: loss@fs7.ECE.CMU.EDU (Doug Loss)\nSubject: Re: Death and Taxes (was Why not give $1 billion to...\nOrganization: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon\nLines: 55\n\nIn article <1993Apr23.000021.1@aurora.alaska.edu> nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu writes:\n>In article <1993Apr22.162501.747@indyvax.iupui.edu>, tffreeba@indyvax.iupui.edu writes:\n>> [...]  Somebody pointed out, quite correctly, that such rights are\n>> not anybody\'s to grant (although I imagine it would be a fait accompli\n>> situation for the winner.)  So how about this?  Give the winning group\n>> (I can\'t see one company or corp doing it) a 10, 20, or 50 year\n>> moratorium on taxes.\n>> \n>> Tom Freebairn \n>\n>\n>Who says there is no mineral rights to be given? Who says? The UN or the US\n>Government? \n\nTom\'s right about this.  It\'s only a grantable right if the granter has\nthe will and the ability to stop anyone from taking it away from you.\nNever mind the legal status.\n\n>Major question is if you decide to mine the moon or Mars, who will stop you?\n>The UN can\'t other than legal tom foolerie.. Can the truly inforce it?\n\nNick\'s right about this.  It\'s always easier to obtain forgiveness than\npermission.  Not many people remember that Britain\'s King George III\nexpressly forbid his american subjects to cross the alleghany/appalachian\nmountains.  Said subjects basically said, "Stop us if you can."  He\ncouldn\'t.\n\n>If you go to the moon as declare that you are now a soverign nation, who will\n>stop you from doing it. Maybe not acknowledge you? \n\nThat\'s how the USA started.  Of course, that\'s also how the Bolivarian\nRepublic started (ca. 1800-1820) in central america.  It didn\'t have\nquite the staying power of the USA.  I\'m sure there are more examples of\ngoing far away and then ignoring authority, but none jump to mind right\nnow.\n\n>What can happen is to find a nation which is acknowledged, and offer your\n>services as a space miner and then go mine the asteroids/mars/moon or what\n>ever.. As long as yur sponsor does not get in trouble..\n\nOr do as some whaling nations do: define whatever activities you want to\ncarry out as "scientific research" which just coincidentally requires\nthe recovery of megatonnes of minerals (or whatever), then go at it.\n\n>Basically find a country who wants to go into space, but can\'t for soem reason\n>or another, but who will give you a "home".. Such as Saudia Arabia or\n>whatever..\n\nLute Keyser had just this sort of arrangement with Libya (I think) in\nthe late \'70\'s for his commercial space launch project (one of the very\nearliest).  It was killed by Soviet propaganda about NATO cruise\nmissiles in Africa, which made Libya renege on the arrangement.\n\n\nDoug Loss\n',
  u'From: cgcad@bart.inescn.pt (Comp. Graphics/CAD)\nSubject: Re: Fonts in POV??\nNntp-Posting-Host: bart\nOrganization: INESC-Porto, Portugal\nLines: 27\n\nHi.\n\nThe RTrace ray tracer supports 3D text as a primitive, not collections of\nspheres, cylinders and so on...\nThe 3D chars are made of lines and splines that are extruded...\n\nPlease have a look at asterix.inescn.pt [192.35.246.17] in directory\npub/RTrace.\nIn pub/RTrace/tmp there are some demo images with high quality text.\nAll of them are called Text?.jpg (JPEG encoded). See them first and then\ntell me what you think.\n\nRegards,\nAntonio.\n.........................................................................\n     O     O\n    /     /                        I N E S C\n   | O   |        Antonio Costa        | E-Mail   acc@asterix.inescn.pt\n   | |\\  |   O                         |          acosta@porto.inescn.pt\n   | | \\ |  /  O  Comp. Graphics & CAD | DECnet   porto::a_costa\n   | |  \\| /  /                        |\n   | |  /  | |    Largo Mompilher 22   | UUCP     {mcvax,...}!...\n   O | |-O | |    4100 Porto PORTUGAL  | Bell     +351+02+321006\n    /   \\ /   \\\n   O     O     O          "Let the good times roll..."\n\n\n',
  u"From: dannyb@panix.com (Daniel Burstein)\nSubject: japanese moon landing?\nOrganization: PANIX Public Access Unix, NYC\nLines: 17\n\nAfraid I can't give any more info on this.. and hoping someone in greter\nNETLAND has some details.\n\nA short story in the newspaper a few days ago made some sort of mention\nabout how the Japanese, using what sounded like a gravity assist, had just\nmanaged to crash (or crash-land) a package on the moon.\n\nthe article was very vague and unclear.  and, to make matters worse, I\ndidn't clip it.\n\ndoes this jog anyone's memory?\n\n\nthanks\ndannyb@panix.com\n\n\n",
  u'From: mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539)\nSubject: Re: Abyss-breathing fluids\nOrganization: Texas Instruments Inc\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 18\n\nIn <1993Apr29.192623.11760@cc.ic.ac.uk> atae@spva.ph.ic.ac.uk (Ata Etemadi) writes:\n\n>"The Forever War", one of my favorite SciFi books, had a passage devoted to \n>breathing fluids. The idea was to protect people from the high accelerations \n>required for interstellar travel by emersing the passengers in dry-cleaning \n>fluid saturated with oxygen. Plenty of very imaginative ideas is this book.\n>I would certainly recommend it (won the Hugo and the Nebula awards).\n\nAnd most definitely read it in conjunction with Heinlein\'s _Starship\nTrooper_.  The two books are radically different viewpoints of the\nsame basic premises.  I\'ve even heard tell of English classes built\naround this.\n\n-- \n"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don\'t have the balls to live\n in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don\'t speak for others and they don\'t speak for me.\n',
  u'From: d91-fad@tekn.hj.se (DANIEL FALK)\nSubject: RE: VESA on the Speedstar 24\nOrganization: H|gskolan i J|nk|ping\nLines: 39\nNntp-Posting-Host: pc5_b109.et.hj.se\n\n>>>kjb/MGL/uvesa32.zip\n>>>\n>>>This is a universal VESA driver.  It supports most video\n>>>boards/chipsets (include the Speedstar-24 and -24X) up to\n>>>24 bit color.\n>>>\n>>>Terry\n>>>\n>>>P.S.  I\'ve tried it on a Speedstar-24 and -24X and it works. :)\n\n>>Not with all software. :( For instance it doesn\'t work at all with\n>>Animator Pro from Autodesk. It can\'t detect ANY SVGA modes when \n>>running UniVESA. This is really a problem as we need a VESA driver\n>>for both AA Pro and some hi-color stuff. :(\n\n>Just out of curiosity... Are you using the latest version (3.2)?  Versions\n>previous to this did not fill in all of the capabilities bits and other\n>information correctly.  I had problems with a lot of software until I got\n>this version.  (I don\'t think the author got around to posting an \n>announcementof it (or at least I missed it), but 3.2 was available in the \n>directory indicated as of 3/29.)\n\nI sure did use version 3.2. It works fine with most software but NOT\nwith Animator Pro and that one is quite important to me. Pretty\nuseless program without that thing working IMHO.\nSo I hope the author can fix that.\n\n/Daniel...\n\n\n\n\n=============================================================================\n!!      Daniel Falk          \\\\  " Don\'t quote me! No comments! "          !! \n!!      ^^^^^^ ^^^^           \\\\               Ebenezum the Great Wizard   !! \n!!      d91-fad@tekn.hj.se     \\\\                                          !!\n!!      d91fad@hjds90.hj.se    //  Also known as the mega-famous musician  !!\n!!      Jkpg, Sweeeeeden...    \\\\         Leinad of The Yellow Ones        !!\n=============================================================================\n',
  u'From: brian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, Tucson AZ.\nLines: 32\n\nIn article <C5yMIr.FnE@blaze.cs.jhu.edu> arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu (Ken Arromdee) writes:\n>You said everyone in the world.  That means *everyone* in the world, including\n>children that are not old enough to speak, let alone tell lies.  If Jesus\n>says "everyone", you cannot support that by referring to a group of people\n>somewhat smaller than "everyone".\n\nThat\'s right.  Everyone.  Even infants who cannot speak as yet.  Even\na little child will rebelliously stick his finger in a light socket.\nEven a little child will not want his diaper changed.  Even a little\nchild will fight nap-time.\n\nSo far as Jesus saying "everyone":  \n\n    A certain ruler asked Jesus, "Good teacher, what must I do to\n    inherit eternal life?"\n\n    "Why do you call me good?"  Jesus answered.  "No one is good--\n    except God alone."\n\nKen, the book of Romans states that we are born sinners.  We do\nnot grow into being a sinner.  We sin because we are sinners.  The\ncommon mistake, even in Christian circles, is to think the reverse\ntrue.    So for as surely as you grew to look like you parents,\nyou not only inherited their appearance, but also their sin nature.\nIt goes with being human.\n \nEven though a new-born is innocent as can be, his sinful nature\nwill surely manifest itself more explicity as he gets older.  For\nas surely as he grows hair on his head and teeth within his mouth,\nhe will show the signs of his innate sin by rebelling\nagainst mommy and daddy with that loud proclamation "No."\n  \n',
  u'From: rjk@world.std.com (Robert J. Kolker)\nSubject: Odds and Ends\nKeywords: Cheap shots a Christianity\nOrganization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA\nLines: 46\n\nJust a few cheap shots a Christianity:\n\nRiddle: What is the shortest street in Jerusalem?\nAnswer: The Street of the Righteous Poles.\n\nLimrick:\n\nThere was an archeologist Thostle\nWho found an amazing fossil\nBy the way it was bent\nAnd the knot it the end\n\'twas the penis of Paul the Apostle.\n\nJingle:\nChristianity hits the spot\nTwelve Apostles thats a lot\nJesus Christ and a Virgin too\nChristianity\'s the faith for you\n(with apologies to Pepsi Cola and its famous jingle)\n\nRiddle:\nHow many Christians does it take to save a light bulb.\nAnswer: None, only Jesus can save.\n\nAphorism:\nJesus Saves\nMoses Invests\n\nProof that Jesus was Jewish:\n1. He lived at home till he was 33\n2. He went into his fathers business\n3. He thought he mother was a virgin\n4. His mother thought he was God.\n\nQED.\n\nSo long you all\n\nBob Kolker\n"I would rather spend eternity in Hell with interesting people \nthan eternity in Heaven with Christians"\n\n\n-- \n"If you can\'t love the Constitution, then at least hate the Government"\n\n',
  u'From: MANDTBACKA@FINABO.ABO.FI (Mats Andtbacka)\nSubject: Re: Burden of Proof\nIn-Reply-To: ray@engr.LaTech.edu\'s message of 21 Apr 1993 20:34:49 GMT\nOrganization: Unorganized Usenet Postings UnInc.\nX-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.24\nLines: 29\n\n[ NOTE: talk.origins removed from crossposting, as this had no business\n  going there in the first place. ]\n\nIn <1r4b59$7hg@aurora.engr.LaTech.edu> ray@engr.LaTech.edu writes:\n\n> If I make a statement, "That God exists, loves me, etc." but in no way\n> insist that you believe it, does that place a burden of proof upon me.\n\n      No, but you\'re not achieving anything either. If you don\'t want to\nargue the point you\'re stating, why do you bother stating it?\n\n> If you insist that God doesn\'t exist, does that place a burden of proof \n> upon you?\n\n      No. Read the (alt.atheism) FAQ to find out why.\n\n> I give no proofs, I only give testimony to my beliefs.\n\n      Well enough; if I feel interested, I might even listen.\n\n> I will respond to proofs that you attempt to disprove my beliefs.\n\n      I won\'t; the task is impossible, and I don\'t have to do it in the\nfirst place. Why should I even bother to change or disprove your beliefs?\n\n      - Mats "Strong apatheist?" Andtbacka\n\n-- \n  Disclaimer?   "It\'s great to be young and insane!"\n',
  u"From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nDistribution: na\nLines: 40\n\ndean.kaflowitz (decay@cbnewsj.cb.att.com) wrote:\n: > \n: > I think you're letting atheist mythology\n\n: Great start.  I realize immediately that you are not interested\n: in discussion and are going to thump your babble at me.  I would\n: much prefer an answer from Ms Healy, who seems to have a\n: reasonable and reasoned approach to things.  Say, aren't you the\n: creationist guy who made a lot of silly statements about\n: evolution some time ago?\n\n: Duh, gee, then we must be talking Christian mythology now.  I\n: was hoping to discuss something with a reasonable, logical\n: person, but all you seem to have for your side is a repetition\n: of the same boring mythology I've seen a thousand times before.\n: I am deleting the rest of your remarks, unless I spot something\n: that approaches an answer, because they are merely a repetition\n: of some uninteresting doctrine or other and contain no thought\n: at all.\n\n: I have to congratulate you, though, Bill.  You wouldn't\n: know a logical argument if it bit you on the balls.  Such\n: a persistent lack of function in the face of repeated\n: attempts to assist you in learning (which I have seen\n: in this forum and others in the past) speaks of a talent\n: that goes well beyond my own, meager abilities.  I just don't\n: seem to have that capacity for ignoring outside influences.\n\n: Dean Kaflowitz\n\nDean,\n\nRe-read your comments, do you think that merely characterizing an\nargument is the same as refuting it? Do you think that ad hominum\nattacks are sufficient to make any point other than you disapproval of\nme? Do you have any contribution to make at all?\n\nBill\n\n\n",
  u'From: jackson@sandman.ece.clarkson.edu (Peter Jackson,CH237A,,)\nSubject: Re: Where did the hacker ethic go?\nNntp-Posting-Host: sandman.ece.clarkson.edu\nOrganization: Clarkson University\nLines: 31\n\nFrom article <1993May1.092058.1@aurora.alaska.edu>, by pstlb@aurora.alaska.edu:\n> \n\n>   I put it to you thus:  Where HAS the hacker ethic gone?  If it still exists,\n> where?  And, if it DOES exist, why are those who call themselves "hackers"\n> allowing this to perpetuate itself?  Why are they not creating new, innovative,\n> interesting ideas to stop the SOS from maintaining its choke hold on the\n> computer industry?\n\nSince this was posted on comp.ai, I assume there is an AI angle to this.  Hacking is\nwhat AI students do when they\'re really supposed to be doing something else, e.g.\nthesis research & write up, getting their supervisors\' pet programs to run properly,\netc.  No-one gets much glory for hacking, and no-one gets any money out of it.\nProducing good free software requires an enormous investment of time & resources that\nnot many people can, or want to, afford - particularly during a recession.\n\nIn addition, over the last 10 years, I think there has been a de-emphasis on producing\nrunning programs in AI research, and a greater emphasis on more formal approaches to\nproblem-solving.  Students have been proving theorems instead of writing programs.\nAt a conference a year or two ago, Johann de Kleer suggested that everyone should\n\'Get back to the keyboard\' and write more programs that demonstrate their ideas -\nand I have to say I\'m inclined to agree.\n\n(I don\'t claim to be a superhacker, but I don\'t think that invalidates my remarks.\nAnd I\'m sure this isn\'t the whole story.)\n\n\n--\nPeter Jackson, Dept of Electrical & Computer Eng, Clarkson University\n"Opinions expressed are not those of my employer or any other organization"\nSecond Violin, Fiddling Firefighters Ensemble (Rome Branch)\n',
  u'Nntp-Posting-Host: dougn.byu.edu\nLines: 24\nFrom: $stephan@sasb.byu.edu (Stephan Fassmann)\nSubject: Re: [lds] Are the Mormons the True Church?\nOrganization: BYU\n\nIn article <C5rr9M.LJ7@acsu.buffalo.edu> psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss) writes:\n>From: psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss)\n>Subject: [lds] Are the Mormons the True Church?\n>Date: 20 Apr 93 06:29:00 GMT\n>\n>            IS THE MORMON CHURCH CHRIST\'S TRUE CHURCH?\n>\n[...lots of stuff about intellectual errors deleted...]\n\nThis is cute, but I see no statement telling me why your church is the true \nchurch. I do presume that you know or at least believe that yours is true. \nAttempting to ream my faith without replacing it with something "better" is \na real good way to loose a person completely from Christ.\n\nThis is the greatest reason I see that these attacks are not motivated by \nlove. They only seek to destroy there is no building or replacing of belief. \nThis is not something Christ did. He guided and instructed He didn\'t \nseek to destroy the faith He found, He redirected it. \n\nThis is what I see when people say they "love" <insert favorite group here>. \nAnd I have to laugh at the irony. \n\nPlease excuse the scarcasm but it was nice to say it. \nOh, BTW Robert don\'t take this personally, your post was merely convinent.\n',
  u"From: deb47099@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Daniel E. Bradley)\nSubject: Fractal terrain generator?\nKeywords: fractal terrain mac\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 10\n\n\tDoes anyone know of a fractal terrain generator for Mac, something\n\tI could hopefully import into a 3D program like Swivel or Stratavision?\n\tI know Infini-D has built in capabilities, but I don't have access to\n\tInfini-D. I downloaded two programs from Umich, in graphics/fractals,\n\tbut both were from 1990-91 and crashed under System 7. I think they\n\twere Black and white anyway. Please, email me if you know of anything,\n\tas I don't check the newsgroups very often.\n\t\tThanks in advance.\n\t\t\tDan Bradley deb47099@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu\n\n",
  u"From: agrino@enkidu.mic.cl (Andres Grino Brandt)\nSubject: Studies on Book of Mormon\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Orden del Lobo Estepario\nReply-To: agrino@enkidu.mic.cl\nLines: 20\n\nHi!\n\nI don't know much about Mormons, and I want to know about serious independent\nstudies about the Book of Mormon.\n\nI don't buy the 'official' story about the gold original taken to heaven,\nbut haven't read the Book of Mormon by myself (I have to much work learning\nBiblical Hebrew), I will appreciate any comment about the results of study\nin style, vocabulary, place-names, internal consistency, and so on.\n\nFor example: There is evidence for one-writer or multiple writers?\nThere are some mention about events, places, or historical persons later\ndiscovered by archeologist?\n\nYours in Collen\n\nAndres Grino Brandt               Casilla 14801 - Santiago 21\nagrino@enkidu.mic.cl                        Chile\n\nNo hay mas realidad que la realidad, y la razon es su profeta\n",
  u'Organization: Penn State University\nFrom: Andrew Newell <TAN102@psuvm.psu.edu>\nSubject: Re: <<Pompous ass\n <1q52q8INN6pi@gap.caltech.edu> <93099.234144MVS104@psuvm.psu.edu>\n <1q8lk3INNitq@gap.caltech.edu> <93102.062908MVS104@psuvm.psu.edu>\n <93105.022621TAN102@psuvm.psu.edu> <1ql71pINN5ef@gap.caltech.edu>\nLines: 36\n\nIn article <1ql71pINN5ef@gap.caltech.edu>, keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan\nSchneider) says:\n>\n>Andrew Newell <TAN102@psuvm.psu.edu> writes:\n>\n>>Sure, they may fall back on other things, but this is one they\n>>should not have available to use.\n>\n>It is worse than others?  The National Anthem?  Should it be changed too?\n>God Bless America?  The list goes on...\n\nWorse?  Maybe not, but it is definately a violation of the\nrules the US govt. supposedly follows.  Maybe the others\nshould be changed to?  But I\'m not personally as concerned\nabout the anthem since I don\'t come across it in daily\nnearly unavoidable routines.\n\n>>every christian.  And I\'d be tempted to rub that motto in the\n>>face of christians when debunking their standard motto slinging\n>>gets boring.\n>\n>Then you\'d be no better than the people you despise.\n\nI don\'t despise the people...just their opinions.  I meant\nwhen chatting with the ones who refuse to listen to any idea\nother than their own...then it just becomes an exercise for\namusement.\n\n>[...]\n>>For the motto to be legitimate, it would have to read:\n>>   "In god, gods, or godlessness we trust"\n>\n>Would you approve of such a motto?\n\nNo.  ...not unless the only way to get rid of the current one\nwas to change it to such as that.\n',
  u'From: dewey@risc.sps.mot.com (Dewey Henize)\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nOrganization: Motorola, Inc. -- Austin,TX\nLines: 48\nNNTP-Posting-Host: rtfm.sps.mot.com\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.212943.15118@bnr.ca> (Rashid) writes:\n[deletions]\n>\n>The fatwa was levelled at the person of Rushdie - any actions of\n>Rushdie that feed the situation contribute to the legitimization of\n>the ruling. The book remains in circulation not by some independant\n>will of its own but by the will of the author and the publishers. The fatwa\n>against the person of Rushdie encompasses his actions as well. The\n>crime was certainly a crime in progress (at many levels) and was being\n>played out (and played up) in the the full view of the media.\n>\n>P.S. I\'m not sure about this but I think the charge of "shatim" also\n>applies to Rushdie and may be encompassed under the umbrella\n>of the "fasad" ruling.\n\nIf this is grounded firmly in Islam, as you claim, then you have just\nexposed Islam as the grounds for terrorism, plain and simple.\n\nWhether you like it or not, whether Rushdie acted like a total jerk or\nnot, there is no acceptable civilized basis for putting someone in fear\nof their life for words.\n\nIt simply does not matter whether his underlying motive was to find the\nworst possible way he could to insult Muslims and their beliefs, got that?\nYou do not threaten the life of someone for words - when you do, you\nquite simply admit the backruptcy of your position.  If you support\nthreatening the life of someone for words, you are not yet civilized.\n\nThis is exactly where I, and many of the people I know, have to depart\nfrom respecting the religions of others.  When those beliefs allow and\nencourage (by interpretation) the killing of non-physical opposition.\n\nYou, or I or anyone, are more than privledged to believe that someone,\nwhether it be Rushdie or Bush or Hussien or whover, is beyond the pale\nof civilized society and you can condemn his/her soul, refuse to allow\nany members of your association to interact with him/her, _peacably_\ndemonstrate to try to convince others to disassociate themselves from\nthe "miscreants", or whatever, short of physical force.\n\nBut once you physically threaten, or support physical threats, you get\nmuch closer to your earlier comparison of rape - with YOU as the rapist\nwho whines "She asked for it, look how she was dressed".\n\nBlaming the victim when you are unable to be civilized doesn\'t fly.\n\nDew\n-- \nDewey Henize Sys/Net admin RISC hardware (512) 891-8637 pager 928-7447 x 9637\n',
  u"From: enf021@cck.coventry.ac.uk (Achurist)\nSubject: Re: Abyss: breathing fluids\nNntp-Posting-Host: cc_sysk\nOrganization: Coventry University\nLines: 31\n\nIn article <93089.204431GRV101@psuvm.psu.edu> Callec Dradja <GRV101@psuvm.psu.edu> writes:\n>I am a bit nervous about posting this beacause it is begining to\n>stray fron the topic of space but then again that doesn't seem to\n>stop alot of other people. :-)\n>\n>With all of this talk about breathing at high pressures, I began\n>to think about the movie Abyss. If you remember, in that movie one\n>of the characters dove to great depths by wearing a suit that used\n>a fluid that carries oxegen as opposed to some sort of gas. Now I\n>have heard that mice can breath this fluid but for some reason, humans\n>are unable to. Does anyone know more details about this?\n>\n>Gregson Vaux\n>\n\nI believe the reason is that the lung diaphram gets too tired to pump\nthe liquid in and out and simply stops breathing after 2-3 minutes.\nSo if your in the vehicle ready to go they better not put you on \nhold, or else!! That's about it. Remember a liquid is several more times\nas dense as a gas by its very nature. ~10 I think, depending on the gas\nand liquid comparision of course!\n\nAcurist\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
  u'From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 23\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\nKeywords: HST\n\n\n\nSOmebody mentioned  a re-boost of HST during this mission,  meaning\nthat Weight is a very tight  margin on this  mission.\n\nHow will said re-boost be done?\n\nGrapple, HST,  stow it in Cargo bay,  do OMS burn to high altitude,  \n\nunstow  HST,   repair  gyros,  costar install,  fix solar arrays,\n\nthen return to earth?\n\nMy guess is  why  bother with  usingthe shuttle to reboost?\n\nwhy not  grapple,  do all said fixes,   bolt a small  liquid  fueled\nthruster module  to  HST,   then let it make the re-boost.  it has to be\ncheaper on mass then usingthe shuttle as a tug.   that way, now that\nthey are going to need at least 5  spacewalks,  then they can carry\nan EDO pallet,  and  sit on station and even  maybe do the  solar array\ntilt  motor  fix.\n\npat\n',
  u'From: jcopelan@nyx.cs.du.edu (The One and Only)\nSubject: Re: Where are they now?\nOrganization: Salvation Army Draft Board\nLines: 31\n\nIn article <1ql0d3$5vo@dr-pepper.East.Sun.COM> geoff@East.Sun.COM writes:\n>Your posting provoked me into checking my save file for memorable\n>posts. The first I captured was by Ken Arromdee on 19 Feb 1990, on the\n>subject "Re: atheist too?". That was article #473 here; your question\n>was article #53766, which is an average of about 48 articles a day for\n>the last three years. As others have noted, the current posting rate is\n>such that my kill file is depressing large...... Among the posting I\n>saved in the early days were articles from the following notables:\n>\n>>From: loren@sunlight.llnl.gov (Loren Petrich)\n>>From: jchrist@nazareth.israel.rel (Jesus Christ of Nazareth)\n>>From: mrc@Tomobiki-Cho.CAC.Washington.EDU (Mark Crispin)\n>>From: perry@apollo.HP.COM (Jim Perry)\n>>From: lippard@uavax0.ccit.arizona.edu (James J. Lippard)\n>>From: minsky@media.mit.edu (Marvin Minsky)\n>\n>An interesting bunch.... I wonder where #2 is?\n\nDidn\'t you hear?  His address has changed.  He can be reached at the \nfollowing address:\n\ndkoresh@branch.davidian.compound.waco.tx.us\n\nI think he was last seen posting to alt.messianic.\n\nJim\n--\nIf God is dead and the actor plays his part                    | -- Sting,\nHis words of fear will find their way to a place in your heart | History\nWithout the voice of reason every faith is its own curse       | Will Teach Us\nWithout freedom from the past things can only get worse        | Nothing\n',
  u'From: dbushong@wang.com (Dave Bushong)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42 (SILLY)\nOrganization: Wang Labs, Lowell MA, USA\nLines: 10\n\nrak@crosfield.co.uk (Richard Kirk) writes:\n\n>It\'s the number of legs on a centipede.\n>So, now you know.\n\nIs that the number of "left" legs, or both left and right?\n-- \nDave Bushong, Wang Laboratories, Inc.   Amateur Radio Callsign KZ1O\nProject Leader, Recognition products    kz1o@n0ary.#noca.ca.na\nInternet: dbushong@wang.com\n',
  u'Subject: Re: POVray : tga -> rle\nFrom: Craig.Humphrey@comp.vuw.ac.nz (Craig Andrew Humphrey)\nReply-To: chumphre@comp.vuw.ac.nz\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Victoria University of Wellington. New Zealand\nNNTP-Posting-Host: depot.comp.vuw.ac.nz\nLines: 33\n\n\nIn article <ltqp28INNpa7@pageboy.cs.utexas.edu>, jhpark@cs.utexas.edu (Jihun Park) writes:\n>Hello,\n>I have some problem in converting tga file(generated by POVray) to\n>rle file. When I convert, I do not get any warning message. But\n>if I use xloadimage/getx11, something is wrong.\n\n[edited]\n\n>I know that I need to install ppmtorle and tgatoppm, but I do not spend\n>time to install them. Even I do not want to generate .rgb from POVray\n>and then convert them to rle, if possible.(.rgb to rle works, but\n>it will mess up my directory with so many files, and it needs 2 more\n>steps to finally convert to rle file. say cat | rawtorle | rleflip )\n>Does any body out there have same experience/problems ?\n\n\nWell for starters, why use rle files?  You might have a specific program that\nneeds them, OK, but I tend to convert straight to jpeg format, thus a 2.4meg\n24bit targa file becomes a ~80k or less 24bit jpeg.\n\nThe latest versions of XV (2.2.1 ?) and xloadimage (3.03) both handle jpeg files.\nAnd the best way to convert to jpeg is with the c/djpeg suit.  Even at 90%\nquality (you can\'t see the difference) the jpeg is way smaller than anything\nelse even an 8bit gif!\n\nLater\'ish\nCraig\n-- \n    |\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/| "I didn\'t do it, nobody saw me do it, \n    | ___  ___ |  you can\'t prove anything."          \n    |/   \\/   \\|   craig.humphrey@stargate.actrix.gen.nz\n__ccc_c_#_|__#_ccc_c____chumphre@comp.vuw.ac.nz______________________________\n',
  u"From: bday@lambda.msfc.nasa.gov (Brian Day)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nOrganization: NASA/MSFC\nLines: 13\n\nrdouglas@stsci.edu (Rob Douglas) writes:\n\n>[...]  But try to land a shuttle with that big huge telescope in the \n>back and you could have problems.  The shuttle just isn't designed to land \n>with that much weight in the payload.\n\nIs HST really _that_ much heavier than a Spacelab ???\n\nbd\n-- \nBrian Day                                       bday@lambda.msfc.nasa.gov\nNew Technology, Inc.                            (205) 461-4584\nMission Software Development Division           Opinions are my own -\n",
  u"From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Space Manuevering Tug (was HST servicing mission_)\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 29\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\nGiven that what i described for the HST  seemed to be the SMT,   and given\nthe mass amrgins on the discovery mission  is tight enough that  spacewalking\nhas to be carefully constrained.....  No EDO pallets,  no spare Suits,\nno extra MMU's.   \n\nWHy not do this?\n\n\tQuick Test  Goldins philosophjy  of faster cheaper, better.\n\nBuild a real fast Space TUg,  to handle the re-boost  of the HST  using\nclean Cryo fuels,  and get it ready before the  HST mission.\n\nIf NASA  could build Mercury in 13 months,  they should be able to make\nan SMT in 9.   \n\nHow much would it need?\n\nGuidance package.  Use a  Voyager spare.   \n\nThruster gear,  Use H2O2,  or LOX/LH.\n\nBus  Use a Commsat.\n\nGrapple fixture.   Use a stripped down Canadarm.\n\nComms package.   SPare  X-band  omni  gear.\n\npat\n",
  u'From: vamwendt@atlas.cs.upei.ca (Michael Wendt)\nSubject: Historic shuttle flights\nOrganization: University of Prince Edward Island\nLines: 7\n\n        Would someone please send me a list of the historic space flights?  I \nam not looking for a list of all flights, just the ones in which something \nmonumental happened.  Or better yet, is there an ftp site with the list of all\nshuttle flights?\n\nThanks (if you helped),\nvamwendt@upei.ca\n',
  u'From: rlennip4@mach1.wlu.ca (robert lennips 9209 U)\nSubject: Re: PLANETS STILL: IMAGES ORBIT BY ETHER TWIST\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nOrganization: Wilfrid Laurier University\nLines: 2\n\nPlease get a REAL life.\n\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Biosphere II\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 22\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <19930419.062802.166@almaden.ibm.com> nicho@vnet.ibm.com writes:\n|In <1q77ku$av6@access.digex.net> Pat writes:\n|>The Work is privately funded,  the DATA belongs to SBV.  I don't see\n|>either george or Fred,  scoriating IBM research division for\n|>not releasing data.\n|   We publish plenty kiddo,you just have to look.\n\n\nNever said you didn't publish, merely that there is data you don't\npublish,  and that no-one scoriates you for those cases.  \n\nIBM research  publishes plenty, it's why you ended up  with 2 Nobel\nprizes in the last 10 years,  but that some projects are deemed\ncompany confidential.  ATT Bell Labs,  keeps lots of stuff private,\nLike Karamankars algorithm.  Private moeny is entitled to do what\nit pleases, within the bounds of Law,  and For all the keepers of the\ntemple of SCience,  should please shove their pointy little heads\nup their Conically shaped Posterior Orifices.   \n\npat\n\n\twho just read the SA article on Karl Fehrabend(sp???)\n",
  u"From: hathaway@stsci.edu\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nLines: 33\nOrganization: Space Telescope Science Institute\nDistribution: na\n\nIn article <1rrjsjINNop7@rave.larc.nasa.gov>, sdd@larc.nasa.gov (Steve Derry) writes:\n> Pat (prb@access.digex.net) wrote:\n> : THe limit on space-walking is a function of suit supplies (MASS)\n> : and Orbiter Duration.   \n> \n.. \n> \n> I haven't seen any specifics on the HST repair mission, but I can't see why\n> the mass margins are tight.  What are they carrying up?  Replacement components\n> (WFPC II, COSTAR, gyros, solar panels, and probably a few others), all sorts of\n> tools, EVA equipment, and as much OMS fuel and consumables as they can.  This\n> should be lighter than the original HST deployment mission, which achieved the\n> highest altitude for a shuttle mission to date.  And HST is now in a lower \n> orbit.  \n> \n> Seems like the limiting factors would be crew fatigue and mission complexity.\n> \n> --\n> Steve Derry\n> <s.d.derry@larc.nasa.gov>\n\n\nOne thing to recall.  Putting a satellite as high as possible is one thing. \nComing back to not only that altitude, but matching the position of it in \nits orbit on a subsequent mission is another thing.  Any misalignment of the \nplane of the orbit during launch or being ahead or behind the target will \nrequire more fuel to adjust.  This was considered in the original deployment. \n\nI agree though that the demands on the crew and complexity are stupendous.  \nOne has to admire how much they are trying to do. \n\nWm. Hathaway \nBaltimore MD \n",
  u"From: jk87377@lehtori.cc.tut.fi (Kouhia Juhana)\nSubject: Re: Oh make up your mind!! (was: Re: XV problems)\nOrganization: Tampere University of Technology\nLines: 40\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cc.tut.fi\n\nIn article <1993Apr30.182605.5999@nessie.mcc.ac.uk>\nC.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk writes:\n>\n>>XV allows this feature, but I don't recommend to use it with the\n>>mentioned type images.\n>\n>Ah! now we see thew problem! First you want to extend xv to allow\n>editing of 8 bit previews of 24 bit images. Then I point out problems\n>with this. Now you are saying there is no problem because you,\n>personally, happen not to use those parts of the program that cause\n>the problem!!\n[ ..see previous article on this debate for the rests.. ]\n\nI can see XV-3.00 agree with my view in cases you don't -- even I say\nmy personal opinion (as above), it doesn't mean that it is not most\nobvious thing.\nPlease, if you use my previous writings as contradicting argument,\nplease do read them -- you have not saw them at all; you just\nrefered to text from which I wrote 'something' -- and you make\nhard decisions from that, without reading what exactly I have written.\n\nIt is really hard read when one writes a reply line by line method\nand don't understand include previously written material with the new\nsentences to give them meaning. You seem to be one such.\n\nYou also start replying to my articles, even you don't understand what\nis going on; you ask me repeatedly to decsribe my views what were\nwrong with XV 2.21 even I posted them within the article you did reply\nto. Believe me, it is not nice to get flamed specially when I know\nthat you have not read my article carefully in the first place.\n\nXV-3.00 and JPEG FAQ and users I have written to agree me with the\nplaces you didn't; I'm sure you just didn't undertand what about I\nwrote. We can blame my writing skills (in English?) for that, or?\n\nBetter stop the discussion and check what new ideas XV-3.00 gives;\nI allready mailed one to Bradley...\n\n\nJuhana Kouhia\n",
  u"From: nickh@CS.CMU.EDU (Nick Haines)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nIn-Reply-To: todd@phad.la.locus.com's message of Wed, 21 Apr 93 16:28:00 GMT\nOriginator: nickh@SNOW.FOX.CS.CMU.EDU\nNntp-Posting-Host: snow.fox.cs.cmu.edu\nOrganization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University\n\t<1993Apr21.162800.168967@locus.com>\nLines: 33\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.162800.168967@locus.com> todd@phad.la.locus.com (Todd Johnson) writes:\n\n   As for advertising -- sure, why not?  A NASA friend and I spent one\n   drunken night figuring out just exactly how much gold mylar we'd need\n   to put the golden arches of a certain American fast food organization\n   on the face of the Moon.  Fortunately, we sobered up in the morning.\n\nHmmm. It actually isn't all that much, is it? Like about 2 million\nkm^2 (if you think that sounds like a lot, it's only a few tens of m^2\nper burger that said organization sold last year). You'd be best off\nwith a reflective substance that could be sprayed thinly by an\nunmanned craft in lunar orbit (or, rather, a large set of such craft).\nIf you can get a reasonable albedo it would be visible even at new\nmoon (since the moon itself is quite dark), and _bright_ at full moon.\nYou might have to abandon the colour, though.\n\nBuy a cheap launch system, design reusable moon -> lunar orbit\nunmanned spraying craft, build 50 said craft, establish a lunar base\nto extract TiO2 (say: for colour you'd be better off with a sulphur\ncompound, I suppose) and some sort of propellant, and Bob's your\nuncle.  I'll do it for, say, 20 billion dollars (plus changes of\nidentity for me and all my loved ones). Delivery date 2010.\n\nCan we get the fast-food chain bidding against the fizzy-drink\nvendors? Who else might be interested?\n\nWould they buy it, given that it's a _lot_ more expensive, and not\nmuch more impressive, than putting a large set of several-km\ninflatable billboards in LEO (or in GEO, visible 24 hours from your\nkey growth market). I'll do _that_ for only $5bn (and the changes of\nidentity).\n\nNick Haines nickh@cmu.edu\n",
  u'From: wmoore@ADS.COM (William Moore)\nSubject: On-line copy of Book of Mormon\nKeywords: BOM, Book of Mormon, Mormon\nOrganization: Advanced Decision Systems, Mtn. View, CA (415) 960-7300\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 7\n\nCan anyone provide me a ftp site where I can obtain a online version\nof the Book of Mormon. Please email the internet address if possible.\n--\nWilliam H. Moore      Advanced Decision Systems, Division of Booz, Allen & Hamilton\nSoftware Engineer                     1500 Plymouth Street\nNet: wmoore@ads.com               Mountain View, CA 94043-1230\n                                         (415) 960-7553\n',
  u"From: kardank@ERE.UMontreal.CA (Kardan Kaveh)\nSubject: Re: Human head modeling software\nOrganization: Universite de Montreal\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <C65wBp.6K4@taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil> adaptive@cs.nps.navy.mil (zyda res acct) writes:\n>>Hi, there!\n>>I am interested in facial animation and want to implement some program about this area.\n>>But I don't have any 3-D information for the face.\n>>I am looking for some 3D images of face.\n>\n>Try getting the Cyberware_demo via ftp which contains 3D images of the\n>face.\n>\n\nWhat is the copyright status of this data?  Are there restrictions regarding the\nuses they can be put to?\n\nKaveh\n\n\n-- \nKaveh Kardan\nkardank@ERE.UMontreal.CA\n",
  u'From: dmd2@Isis.MsState.Edu (David Dumas)\nSubject: Where can I find someone who can digitize Currier & Ives????\nOrganization: J. Random Misconfigured Site\nX-Posted-From: isis.msstate.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sol.ctr.columbia.edu\nLines: 16\n\n\nDoes anyone know if any of Currier and Ives etchings have been digitized for \nuse in desktop publishing?  I am particularly interested in their riverboat\nscenes.  Does anyone know who can get me (for a fee) a good, digitized river-\nboat image?\n\nThank you,\n\nDavid Dumas\n--\nDavid Dumas\ndmd2@Isis.MsState.Edu\n\n--\nDavid Dumas\ndmd2@Isis.MsState.Edu\n',
  u"From: bill@solaria (Bill Neisius)\nSubject: Re: RGB to HVS, and back\nReply-To: bill@solaria.hac.com\nLines: 83\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\n\nRemco Hartog (remcoha@htsa.aha.nl) wrote:\n: I have a little question:\n: \n: I need to convert RGB-coded (Red-Green-Blue) colors into HVS-coded\n: (Hue-Value-Saturnation) colors. Does anyone know which formulas to\n: use?\n\nLets see if I have this right... HSV == HSB == HSL ... and none of those\nare the same as HLS.  Hopefully, HVS is just a transposition of HSV, and\nnot yet another color model... \n\nThe following code should do the HSV (HSL) coding (I haven't tried it yet)\n(Thanks to bultman@dgw.rws.nl)\n\nAnother possibility is /mirrors/msdos/graphics/graphgem.zip on\nwuarchive.wustl.edu.\n\nBill Neisius\nbill@solaria.hac.com\n\n----------------\n\nThe following code is from the starbase (HP) manual:\n(all coordinates noralised at 0-1 interval)\n\n     hsl_to_rgb(hue, saturation, luminosity, red, green, blue)\n     float   hue, saturation, luminosity;    /* input in HSL */\n     float   *red, *green, *blue;            /* output in RGB */\n     {\n         float       frac, lx, ly, lz;       /* temporaries */\n\n         hue = 6 * hue;\n         frac = hue - (int) hue;\n         lx = luminosity * (1 - saturation);\n         ly = luminosity * (1 - saturation * frac);\n         lz = luminosity * (1 - saturation * (1 - frac));\n \n         switch ((int) hue) {\n             case 0: case 6:\n                 *red = luminosity; *green = lz; *blue = lx; break;\n             case 1:\n                 *red = ly; *green = luminosity; *blue = lx; break;\n             case 2:\n                 *red = lx; *green = luminosity; *blue = lz; break;\n             case 3:\n                 *red = lx; *green = ly; *blue = luminosity; break;\n             case 4:\n                 *red = lz; *green = lx; *blue = luminosity; break;\n             case 5:\n                 *red = luminosity; *green = lx; *blue = ly; break;\n         }\n     }\n     /******************************************************************************/\n     rgb_to_hsl(red, green, blue, hue, saturation, luminosity)\n     #define max(a, b, c)    ((a>b?a:b)>c?(a>b?a:b):c)\n     #define min(a, b, c)    ((a<b?a:b)<c?(a<b?a:b):c)\n     float   red, green, blue;               /* input in RGB */\n     float   *hue, *saturation, *luminosity; /* output in HSL */\n     {\n         float       x, tempr, tempg, tempb; /* temporary values */\n\n         *hue = 0.0;\n         *saturation = 1.0;\n         *luminosity = max(red, green, blue);\n         x = min(red, green, blue);\n         if (*luminosity != 0.0) {           /* calculate only if necessary */\n             *saturation = (*luminosity - x) / *luminosity;\n             if (*saturation != 0.0) {       /* calculate only if necessary */\n                 tempr = (*luminosity - red  ) / (*luminosity - x);\n                 tempg = (*luminosity - green) / (*luminosity - x);\n                 tempb = (*luminosity - blue ) / (*luminosity - x);\n                 if (red == *luminosity)\n                     *hue = (green == x ? 5 + tempb : 1 - tempg);\n                 else if (green == *luminosity)\n                     *hue = (blue == x ? 1 + tempr : 3 - tempb);\n                 else\n                     *hue = (red == x ? 3 + tempg : 5 - tempr);\n                 *hue /= 6;\n             }\n         }\n     }\n\n\n",
  u'From: R5321GAB@vm.univie.ac.at\nSubject: Tel.# for 3D scanners needed!\nOrganization: University of Vienna\nLines: 13\nNNTP-Posting-Host: helios.edvz.univie.ac.at\n\nHello all,\n   I need to make  some torso 3D scans and would like the phone numbers of\ncompanies in the midwest that make scans, and the numbers of companies that\nmake the sanners (ie Cyberware). Does anyone have an idea of how much a\nsingle scan costs and the best format to save it in? I am not sure on what\nsoftware platform I will be using it in, probably either Softimage or\nWavefront. So I think a spline based format would be best. Please forward the\nnumbers to me personally as I am having problems accessing USENET lately.\nThanks in advance!\n \nPatrick Maun\nr5321gab@awiuni11.edvz.univie.ac.at\nSt. Paul MN\n',
  u' cs.utexas.edu!uunet!olivea!sgigate!sgiblab!adagio.panasonic.com!nntp-server.caltech.edu!bdunn\nSubject: Re: The wrong and the right.\nFrom: bdunn@cco.caltech.edu (Brendan Dunn)\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\nLines: 25\n\nIn article <93090.141001E62763@TRMETU.BITNET> <E62763@TRMETU.BITNET> writes:\n>Hi.I\'m a Turkish guy who had tried atheism,satenism and buddism at some instant\n>s of hislife.Finally I decided on Islambecause of many facts which I intend to\n> write here.From my point of view,you atheists are people who has dropped to a\n>deep,dark well and thinking the only reality is the dusty walls of the well.But\n> if you had looked a little bit upward you would see the blue skies.You\'dsee t\n>he truth but you close your eyes.Allah is the only GOD and Mohammed is his mess\n> ager.now,let\'s generate some entropy in means of theology and thermodynamics.W\n>hat\'s your point of view to the problem of the \'\'FIRST KISS\'\'?That is,the first\n> spark which was generated for the formation of the universe.Has it formed by i\n>tself?You are bothering yourselves with the Big Bang but where is the first spa\n>rk?Please think a bit.Think and return to the only reality of the universe:ISLA\n>M|\n\nUh oh.  This looks a bit too much like Bobby\'s "Atheism Is False" stuff.  Are\nwe really going to have to go through this again?  Maybe the universe is\ncyclical!  :)  :(\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n--Brendan Dunn\n',
  u"From: mwilson@ncratl.AtlantaGA.NCR.COM (Mark Wilson)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nOrganization: NCR Engineering and Manufacturing Atlanta -- Atlanta, GA\nLines: 58\n\nIn <C5sqyA.F7v@noose.ecn.purdue.edu> tbrent@bank.ecn.purdue.edu (Timothy J Brent) writes:\n\n|Probably not.  But then, I don't pack heavy weaponry with intent to use it.\n\nPlease cite your evidence that he was intending to use it.\n\n|You don't really think he should have been allowed to keep that stuff do \n|you?\n\nWhy not?\n\n|If so, tell me where you live so I can be sure to steer well clear.\n\nCheck the sig.\n\n|The public also has rights, and they should be placed above those of the\n|individual.\n\nSociety does not have rights only individuals have rights.\n\n|Go ahead, call me a commie,\n\nOK, your a commie.\n\n|but you'd be singing a different\n|tune if I exercised my right to rape your daughter.\n\nYou think you have a right to rape anyone? No wonder you don't care about\nthe rightws of others.\n\n|He broke the law,\n\nPlease indicate which law you feel Koresh broke, and when was he convicted of\nsaid crime.\n\n|he was a threat to society,\n\nSo you feel that owning guns makes him a threat to society. When are y ou\ngoing to start going after knives and baseball bats as well.\nOr do you feel that someone who spouts unpopular ideas is by definition a\nthreat to society.\n\n|they did there job - simple.\n\nIt is simple if you think that there job is to assualt civilians.\n\n|>\tSupport your First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth\n|>Amendment rights, lest they be taken away from you just as the FBI did\n|>to the Davidians. Think about it.\n\n|I'll support them all (except no. 2)\n\nIn other words you don't support any of them.\n-- \nMob rule isn't any prettier merely because the mob calls itself a government\nIt ain't charity if you are using someone else's money.\nWilson's theory of relativity: If you go back far enough, we're all related.\nMark.Wilson@AtlantaGA.NCR.com\n",
  u'From: jeffj@yang.earlham.edu (ChaOs)\nSubject: Re: ALT.SEX.STORIES under Literary Critical Analysis :-)\nOrganization: Honest Bob\'s Used Toaster Emporium\nLines: 196\n\nIn article <1qevbh$h7v@agate.berkeley.edu>, dzkriz@ocf.berkeley.edu (Dennis Kriz) writes:\n> Hi all,\n> \n> I\'m going to try to do something here, that perhaps many would\n> not have thought even possible.  I want to begin the process of\n> initiating a literary critical study of the pornography posted on\n> alt.sex.stories, to identify the major themes and motifs present\n> in the stories posted there -- opening up then the possibility of\n> an objective moral evaluation of the material present there.  \n\nFirst off, let me congratulate you for not posting a flame about "You sick\nperverts, you are immoral, you are all going to hell.", which seems to be the\nusual "religious" post found on the alt.sex.* hierarchy.  Hopefully, you won\'t\nget flamed, either.\n\nYou will, however, be argued with.  I personally think that your project is\nbuilt on unsteady ground.\n\nFirst, I do not believe that there is any way to find an "objective morality". \nMorality and value are inherently subjective - they represent the beliefs of a\nperson or a group of people.  They can be widely held, perhaps even\noverwhelmingly held, but they are never and _can_ never be objective.\n\n> Assumptions:\n> \n> (1) A Christian bedrock assumption that all that is True, comes\n> Truly from God. \n> \n> (2) Regarding alt.sex.stories.  While perhaps even from an\n> objective standpoint, the majority of its material is indeed\n> repugnant (you come to this conclusion quite quickly when you\n> start thinking about analyzing its material like this), some of\n> it reflects some fairly profound needs in people as well as some\n> truths -- and deserve to be pointed out.\n\nSecond, I do not accept the assumptions that you make here.  If, as you say,\nyou are trying to be objective, then why accept a morality to begin with by\nusing the Christian Bible?  You\'re defeating your own purpose by doing so.\n \n> In the long run, the advantage of making such a literary/moral\n> analysis is that it will save band-width between Christians and\n> non mutually flaming each other about the moral acceptability of\n> the stuff on these (pornographic) groups.\n\nThird, call me a pessimist, but you won\'t stop the flamage.  There will always\nbe people who pop upin alt.sex.* to tell us how sick and twisted and evil we\nall are.  Just out of curiosity, do alt.sex readers show up unprovoked in the\nreligion groups to tell you all that you are narrow-minded, censoring,\noverbearing totalitarianists?\n \n> Basically, there should not be a dissonance between a "Christian"\n> morality and a "non-Christian" one.  Either there is value in a\n> particular work, or there is not whether one is a Christian or\n> not.\n\nHm.  Let me provide an example.  Four people get together over dinner, to\ndiscuss morality: you, me, a rather conservative Moslem, and a sociopath.  I\nstart off by saying that I think it\'s immoral to force people to have sex with\nyou.  You agree, but also say that it is immoral to have sex with someone of\nyour own gender.  (Just a note: I really don\'t know your views on\nhomosexuality, I am just using this as a common view of morality for the\npurposes of this example.)  The Moslem says that it is immoral for women to\nhave their faces uncovered.\n\nThe sociopath, who has become bored, kills all three of us and eats us, but\nfeels no guilt because he has done nothing wrong morally in his own mind. \n                                                                         \n> In support for the first assumption:\n> \n> The Christian scriptures say this:\n\n\t(Evidence deleted)\n\nI\'m not going to accept your evidence for this.  You ask us to accept "The Word\nof God" that everything good comes from God.  This is only a valid argument for\na person who shares your beliefs.\n\nStill, I must say that cataloging the major themes and motifs in erotica could\nbe interesting for other reasons than yours, so good luck with this next part.\n\n>                                                                        \n>              **************************************\n> \n> NOW THEN what are some of the major themes/motifs in the\n> pornographic literature on places like alt.sex.stories?  These\n> are some that I\'ve been able to identify.  Please add/comment on\n> them.\n> \n> \n> Motif #1 -- THE MALE-CINDERELLA.  \n> \n> In so many of the stories there is expressed a feeling of\n> alienation and worthlessness on the part of the writer or\n> otherwise protagonist of the story with regard to the object (the\n> other person) of his/her desire. Often a story involves a\n> protagonist who (on the surface) is quite average (but underneath\n> usually has an enormous dick), who desires to in some way to gain\n> access (in a definitely sexual way) to the other person who\n> he/she confesses is far more desireable than he/she is and who\n> indeed seems "to walk between the rain-drops."   \n\nHmmm...do I detect just a wee bit of condescence here?\n                                                      \n> \n> Motif #2 -- A CELEBRATION OF (INDEED PREOCCUPATION WITH) BEAUTY.\n                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\t\t\t\tnot very objective. \n\n> The vast majority of pornographic literature deals with beauty,\n> be it innocence (somehow about to be lost), grace, or simply\n> physical beauty.  And generally, most people Christian or non\n> will say that beauty is good. \n\nOne could construe this to mean that beautiful people are better, or "more\ngood" than non-beautiful people.  I would hope that people relize that this is\nnot necessarily true.\n                     \n> \n> Motif #3 -- ONE\'S DICK IS ONE\'S INSTRUMENT OF REDEMPTION.  \n                    ^^^^\n      Might I suggest the word "penis"? It seems more in line with the tone of\nyour post. \n          \n>      Blessed are those who are well-hung, for they shall get\n>      laid. -- from what would thus be a revised Matthew 5 :-).\n> \n\nBravo!  I respect you and your sense of humor, sir. \n\n> \n> Motif #4 -- SEX AS AN EXPRESSION OF SINCERE GIVING.  \n>                                                  \n> There is, often enough, a clear desire on the part of the\n> protagonist, to give (definitely sexual) pleasure to the object\n> (person) of his/her desires.\n                                                 \nYes, and this theme is usually what the better stories are about.  However,\nthey are not always selfish - I could point to examples in the work of Elf\nSternberg, for example.\n\n> \n> Motif #5 -- ALT.SEX.STORIES DESCRIBES A SEX WHICH IS COMPLETELY\n> REMOVED FROM THE REALM OF "TRANSMITTING LIFE"  \n> \n> So removed is sex from its procreative dimension on\n> alt.sex.stories, that one begins to wonder why sex even involves\n> ejaculation, as in the context described in pornography it serves\n> then no real purpose.  \n\nIt serves the same purpose as it does in pornographic movies: it affirms the\nvirility of the male involved, as well as assuring the reader that he (the\ncharacter) has orgasmed.                      \n\n> The Whole Picture [TM] is probably very well described by the\n> Catholic teaching on this: Of the husband and wife, in an act of\n> total mutual self-giving in the sexual union, cooperating with\n> God in opening themselves up for the transmission of new life\n> (cf. Humane Vitae).  \n\nYour Whole Picture [TM] unfortunately only applies to people who accept your\nchurch.\n         \nIn addition, if sex is for procreation, then\n\n1)\tWhy did God make it pleasurable, so that people would want to do it,\nrather than building it in as instinct?\n2)\tWhy did God make it fallible?  Not every sexual encounter results in\npregnancy, even among Catholics.  Does this mean that they have sinned?\n \n> In any case alt.sex.stories and the Catholic teaching will\n> probably not see eye to eye on this for a long time.\n \nGranted.\n\n> \n> Motif #6 -- SEX USED AS AN INSTRUMENT VIOLENCE, POWER AND\n> HUMILIATION.  \n>                                   \n> Why pornography seems to tend in that direction, I really do not\n> know.  Probably volumes could be written on the relationships\n> between sex and power/humiliation.  But this probably gives good\n> reason why traditionally Judeo-Christianity has been so negative\n> with regard to sexuality -- it seems to tend to a great moral\n> morass. \n\nPornography would not tend in those directions if there were not a demand for\nit.  Many people have violent fantasies that they would never act out in real\nlife, but will think about and read about and mull over.\n\nLater,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJeff                                   \n\n-- \nJeffJ@yang.earlham.edu - Official generic .sig.  Under 4 lines, under 80\ncolumns, no Amiga checks, no witty quotes, no maps of Australia, no asterisks,\nno ASCII art, no disclaimers or anti-flame requests, and one spelling errer. \n',
  u"From: clarke@acme.ucf.edu (Thomas Clarke)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: University of Central Florida\nLines: 19\n\nI posted this over in sci.astro, but it didn't make it here.\nThought you all would like my wonderful pithy commentary :-)\n\nWhat? You guys have never seen the Goodyear blimp polluting\nthe daytime and nightime skies?\n\nActually an oribital sign would only be visible near\nsunset and sunrise, I believe.  So pollution at night\nwould be minimal.\n\nIf it pays for space travel, go for it.  Those who don't\nlike spatial billboards can then head for the pristine\nenvironment of Jupiter's moons :-)\n\n---\nThomas Clarke\nInstitute for Simulation and Training, University of Central FL\n12424 Research Parkway, Suite 300, Orlando, FL 32826\n(407)658-5030, FAX: (407)658-5059, clarke@acme.ucf.edu\n",
  u"From: dls@aeg.dsto.gov.au (David Silver)\nSubject: Re: Fractal Generation of Clouds\nOrganization: Defence Science and Technology Organisation\nLines: 14\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kestrel.dsto.gov.au\n\nhaabn@nye.nscee.edu (Frederick J. Haab) writes:\n\n\n>I need to implement an algorithm to fractally generate clouds\n>as sort of a benchmark for some algorithms I'm working on.\n\nJust as a matter of interest, a self-promo computer graphics sequence \nthat one of the local TV stations used to play quite a lot a couple of\nyears ago showed a 3D flyover of Australia from the West coast to the\nEast.  The clouds were quite recognisable as fuzzy, flat, white\nMandlebrot sets!!\n\nDavid Silver\n\n",
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Ontology (was: Benediktine Metaphysics)\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 46\n\nIn article <66019@mimsy.umd.edu>\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate) writes:\n \n>\n>>     IF IT IS CONTRADICTORY IT CANNOT EXIST.\n>\n>"Contradictory" is a property of language.  If I correct this to\n>\n>\n>      THINGS DEFINED BY CONTRADICTORY LANGUAGE DO NOT EXIST\n>\n \nNo need to correct it, it stands as it is said.\n \n \n \n>I will object to definitions as reality.  If you then amend it to\n>\n>      THINGS DESCRIBED BY CONTRADICTORY LANGUAGE DO NOT EXIST\n>\n>then we\'ve come to something which is plainly false.  Failures in\n>description are merely failures in description.\n>\n \nYou miss the point entirely. Things defined by contradictory language\ndo not exist. Though something existing might be meant, conclusions\ndrawn from the description are wrong, unless there is the possibility\nto find the described, and draw conclusions from direct knowledge of\nthe described then. Another possibility is to drop the contradictory\npart, but that implies that one can trust the concept as presented\nand that one has not got to doubt the source of it as well.\n \n>(I\'m not an objectivist, remember.)\n>\n \nNeither am I. But either things are directly sensed (which includes\nsome form of modelling, by the way) or they are used in modelling.\nUsing something contradictive in modelling is not approved of.\nWonder why?\n \nWe remain with the question if something contradictory can be sensed\nas contradictory. An important point is that either one manages to\nresolve the contradictions or one is forced not to use or to refer\nto the contradictory part in drawing conclusions, or one will fall\nin the garbage in garbage out trap.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u"From: system@kalki33.lakes.trenton.sc.us (Kalki Dasa)\nSubject: Bhagavad-Gita 2.44\nOrganization: Kalki's Infoline BBS, Aiken, SC, USA\nLines: 42\n\n                                TEXT 44\n\n                       bhogaisvarya-prasaktanam\n                           tayapahrta-cetasam\n                        vyavasayatmika buddhih\n                          samadhau na vidhiyate\n  \nbhoga--to material enjoyment; aisvarya--and opulence; prasaktanam--for\nthose who are attached; taya--by such things;\napahrta-cetasam--bewildered in mind; vyavasaya-atmika--fixed in\ndetermination; buddhih--devotional service to the Lord; samadhau--in\nthe controlled mind; na--never; vidhiyate--does take place.\n    \n                              TRANSLATION\n\n\tIn the minds of those who are too attached to sense enjoyment and\nmaterial opulence, and who are bewildered by such things, the resolute\ndetermination for devotional service to the Supreme Lord does not take\nplace.\n  \n                                PURPORT\n\n\tSamadhi means ``fixed mind.'' The Vedic dictionary, the Nirukti,\nsays, samyag adhiyate 'sminn atma-tattva-yathatmyam: ``When the mind is\nfixed for understanding the self, it is said to be in samadhi.''\nSamadhi is never possible for persons interested in material sense\nenjoyment, nor for those who are bewildered by such temporary things.\nThey are more or less condemned by the process of material energy.\n\nBhagavad-Gita As It Is\nBooks of A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami\n\n\n       ---------------------------------------------------------\n      |                Don't forget to chant:                   |\n      |                                                         |\n      |  Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna Hare Hare   |\n      |       Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare          |\n      |                                                         |\n      |    Kalki's Infoline BBS Aiken, South Carolina, USA      |\n      |          (system@kalki33.lakes.trenton.sc.us)           |\n       ---------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u"Subject: CHRISTIAN DEVIL REVEALED!\nFrom: pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)\nOrganization: The Duck Pond public unix: +1 408 249 9630, log in as 'guest'.\nLines: 56\n\n>For a while I was puzzled by the the concept of Adam and Eve coming to\n>know good and evil.  This is how I resolved it.  Within God's universe\n>each action evokes an equal and opposite reaction.  There can be no good\n>without evil as an opposite.  So the issue is not what you do but to whom\n>you give your allegiance.  That is why, even in this sinful state, when we\n>perform an evil act while we are submitted to God He does not place that\n>sinful act to our account (Rom 4:8) In the same vein you can perform all \n>the good deeds in the book, if your life is not under God's control you are \n>still sinning (see Rom 14:23).\n\nNow, take a good look at at, an tell me man, there is no Christian\nDevil? There is, is real, is a virus, a meme, infecting and possessing\nthe good people and keep 'em from becoming human beings with emphasis on\nthe being! Is not a matter of good people an evil people, is all good\npeople see, but some good people vexed of the Christian Devil. An it\ncan't be burn out or lynch out or rape out. Only wise up let I rise up.\nChristian Devil is real man, how else can you explain five hundred years\nof history, even more? Can only be explained by Christians invoke\nChristian Devil.\n\nyou keep on knocking but you can't come in, i got to understand you've\nbeen living in sin, but walk right in and sit right down, i'll keep\non loving you, i'll play the clown, but bend down low, let i tell you\nwhat i know yah\n\ni've been 'buked brothers and i've been stoned, woe, woe, woe, now i'm\nhung by a tree in the the ganging on a few, woe, woe, woe, it doesn't\nmatter who the man is who lives the life he loves, it doesn't matter\nwhat the man does or the honest life he loves, i want somewhere, i want\nsomewhere, hallelujah, hallelujah, somewhere to lay my head, woe is me\n\nonly ska beat in 'eaven man\n\nstiff necked fools, you think you're cool, to deny me for simplicity, yes\nyou have gone, for so long with your love for vanity now, yes you have\ngot the wrong interpretation mixed up with vain imagination, so take jah\nsun and jah moon and jah rain and jah stars, and forever yes erase your\nfantasy, yeah, the lips of the righteous teach many, but fools die for\nwant of wisdom, the rich man's wealth is in his city, the righteous\nwealth is in his holy place, so take jah sun and jah moon and jah rain\nand jah stars, and forever yes erase your fantasy, destruction of the\npoor is in their poverty, destruction of the soul is vanity, yeah, but i\ndon't want to rule ya, i don't want to fool ya, i don't want to school\nya, things you, you might never know about, yes you have got the wrong\ninterpretation mixed up with vain, vain imagination, stiff necked fools,\nyou think you're cool, to deny me for, oh simplicity\n\nlove to see, when yah move in the rhythm, love to see when you're\ndancing from within, it gives great joy to feel such sweet togetherness,\neveryone's doing and they're doing their best, it remind i of the days\nin jericho, when we trodden down jericho wall, these are the days when\nwe'll trod true babylon, gonna trod until babylon fall\n\nthen I saw the angel with the seven seals saying, babylon throne going down\n\nwe weeping and we wailing tonight\n",
  u'From: mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539)\nSubject: Re: nuclear waste\nOrganization: Texas Instruments Inc\nLines: 78\n\nIn <1993Apr2.150038.2521@cs.rochester.edu> dietz@cs.rochester.edu (Paul Dietz) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr1.204657.29451@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:\n\n>>>This system would produce enough energy to drive the accelerator,\n>>>perhaps with some left over.  A very high power (100\'s of MW CW or\n>>>quasi CW), very sharp proton beam would be required, but this appears\n>>>achievable using a linear accelerator.  The biggest question mark\n>>>would be the lead target chemistry and the on-line processing of all\n>>>the elements being incinerated.\n>>\n>>Paul, quite frankly I\'ll believe that this is really going to work on\n>>the typical trash one needs to process when I see them put a couple\n>>tons in one end and get (relatively) clean material out the other end,\n>>plus be able to run it off its own residual power.  Sounds almost like\n>>perpetual motion, doesn\'t it?\n\n>Fred, the honest thing to do would be to admit your criticism on\n>scientific grounds was invalid, rather than pretend you were actually\n>talking about engineering feasibility.  Given you postings, I can\'t\n>say I am surprised, though.\n\nWell, pardon me for trying to continue the discussion rather than just\ntugging my forelock in dismay at having not considered actually trying\nto recover the energy from this process (which is at least trying to\ngo the \'right\' way on the energy curve).  Now, where *did* I put those\nsackcloth and ashes?\n\n[I was not and am not \'pretending\' anything; I am *so* pleased you are\nnot surprised, though.]\n\n>No, it is nothing like perpetual motion.  \n\nNote that I didn\'t say it was perpetual motion, or even that it\nsounded like perpetual motion; the phrase was "sounds almost like\nperpetual motion", which I, at least, consider a somewhat different\npropposition than the one you elect to criticize.  Perhaps I should\nbeg your pardon for being *too* precise in my use of language?\n\n>The physics is well\n>understood; the energy comes from fission of actinides in subcritical\n>assemblies.  Folks have talked about spallation reactors since the\n>1950s.  Pulsed spallation neutron sources are in use today as research\n>tools.  Accelerator design has been improving, particularly with\n>superconducting accelerating cavities, which helps feasibility.  Los\n>Alamos has expertise in high current accelerators (LAMPF), so I\n>believe they know what they are talking about.\n\nI will believe that this process comes even close to approaching\ntechnological and economic feasibility (given the mixed nature of the\ntrash that will have to be run through it as opposed to the costs of\nseparating things first and having a different \'run\' for each\nactinide) when I see them dump a few tons in one end and pull\n(relatively) clean material out the other.  Once the costs,\ntechnological risks, etc., are taken into account I still class this\none with the idea of throwing waste into the sun.  Sure, it\'s possible\nand the physics are well understood, but is it really a reasonable\napproach? \n\nAnd I still wonder at what sort of \'burning\' rate you could get with\nsomething like this, as opposed to what kind of energy you would\nreally recover as opposed to what it would cost to build and power\nwith and without the energy recovery.  Are we talking ounces, pounds,\nor tons (grams, kilograms, or metric tons, for you SI fans) of\nmaterial and are we talking days, weeks, months, or years (days,\nweeks, months or years, for you SI fans -- hmmm, still using a\nnon-decimated time scale, I see  ;-))?\n\n>The real reason why accelerator breeders or incinerators are not being\n>built is that there isn\'t any reason to do so.  Natural uranium is\n>still too cheap, and geological disposal of actinides looks\n>technically reasonable.\n\n-- \n"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don\'t have the balls to live\n in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don\'t speak for others and they don\'t speak for me.\n',
  u'From: hudson@athena.cs.uga.edu (Paul Hudson Jr)\nSubject: Re: Part 1 and part 2  (re: Homosexuality)\nOrganization: University of Georgia, Athens\nLines: 80\n\nIn article <m0njXCg-0000VEC@juts.ccc.amdahl.com> rich.bellacera@amail.amdahl.com writes:\n\n>Perhaps you don\'t get it, and maybe you never will.  Many didn\'t get it in the\n>Middle Ages and the proclaimed God\'s will be done as they massacred thousands\n>in witch hunts and inquisitions.\n\nThere were many injustices in the middle ages.  And this is truely sad.\nI would hate to see a day when churches put people to death or torchured\nthem for practicing homosexuality, or any other crime.  The church is not\ncalled to take over the governments of the world.  It may be that homosexuals\ntreated cruelly today, but that does not mean that we should teach \nChristians to practice homosexual immorality.  Do you think that we should\nalso teach Christians to practice divination and channelling because\nthe witches in the middle ages were persecuted.\n\n\n>The major flaw in all this posturing is that in the end, the\n>final effect of posts like that of yours and Mr. Hudson is that YOU have a\n>"conditional" love for gays.  Condition:  Change and we\'ll love you. This is\n>sure strange coming from a group who claim that God has an "unconditional"\n>love, one that calls people "just as they are."\n\nAnd you accuse me of judging?  When did you look into my heart and see\nif I have love.  I have been writing that we should not teach Christians\nto practice homosexual immorality, and you pretend to have divine knowledge\nto look into my heart.  I can\'t say that I love homosexuals as I should-\nI can\'t say that I love my neighbor as I should either.  I don\'t know\nvery many homosexuals as it is.  \n\nBut Jesus loves homosexuals, just as He loves everyone else.  If His love\nwere conditional, I not know Him at all.  Yes.  We should show love to \nhomosexuals, but it is not love to encourage brothers in the church to \nstumble and continue in their sin.  That is a very damaging and dangerous \nthing.\n\n>The results of the passing amendment in\n>Colorado has created an organization who\'s posters are appearing all over\n>Colorado called "S.T.R.A.I.G.H.T." (I forget the whole definition off hand,\n>but the last part was Against Immoral Gross Homosexual Trash) and their motto\n>is "Working for a fag-free America" with an implicit advocation for violence.\n>\n>This is sick, and it seems to be what you and Mr. Hudson, and others are\n>embracing.\n\nThat is slander.   I could just as easily say  that NAMBLA has been able\nto implement legislation to make child molesting easier because of\nthe tearing down of societies morality due to people accepting homosexuality\nas normal, and that this is what you are embracing.  I do believe\nthat homosexual sex is immoral, that does not mean I endorse using violence\nagainst them.  There is a problem of hatred in the church.  But there\nis also the problem of what has been called "unsanctified mercy."\nMany in the conservative churches have seen the moral breakdown in \nthis country and the storm on the horizon, and have gotten militant in \nthe flesh.  This is truely sad.  Yet others in other churches have \nembraced immorality in society, and have pointed to the carnality in the\nconservative churches to justify their actions.  \n\n>Why don\'t we just stick to the positive and find ways to bring people\n>to Jesus istead of taking bullwhips and driving them away?\n\nCertainly we should not use a bullwhip to drive people from Jesus.\nBut we shouldn\'t water down the gospel to draw people in.  Jesus didn\'t\ngo out of His way to show only what might be considered positive aspects\nto draw people in.  He told one man to sell all He had.  He told\nanother not to say good bye to His family.  His words were hard at times.\nWe should present people with the cost of the tower before we allow them\nto begin construction.  many people have already been innoculated to the\ngospel.\n\nLink Hudson.\n\n\n\n\n>\n>Whatever\n>\n>Rich :-(\n\n\n',
  u"From: mjw19@cl.cam.ac.uk (M.J. Williams)\nSubject: Re: Rumours about 3DO ???\nKeywords: 3DO ARM QT Compact Video\nReply-To: mjw19@cl.cam.ac.uk\nOrganization: The National Society for the Inversion of Cuddly Tigers\nLines: 32\nNntp-Posting-Host: earith.cl.cam.ac.uk\n\nIn article <2BD07605.18974@news.service.uci.edu> rbarris@orion.oac.uci.edu (Robert C. Barris) writes:\n>                                                                     We\n>got to see the unit displaying full-screen movies using the CompactVideo codec\n>(which was nice, very little blockiness showing clips from Jaws and Backdraft)\n>... and a very high frame rate to boot (like 30fps).\n\nAcorn Replay running on a 25MHz ARM 3 processor (the ARM 3 is about 20% slower\nthan the ARM 6) does this in software (off a standard CD-ROM). 16 bit colour at\nabout the same resolution (so what if the computer only has 8 bit colour\nsupport, real-time dithering too...). The 3D0/O is supposed to have a couple of\nDSPs - the ARM being used for housekeeping.\n\n>I'm not sure how a Centris/20MHz 040 stacks up against the 25 MHz ARM in\n>the 3DO box. Obviously the ARM is faster, but how much?\n\nA 25MHz ARM 6xx should clock around 20 ARM MIPS, say 18 flat out. Depends\nreally on the surrounding system and whether you are talking ARM6x or ARM6xx\n(the latter has a cache, and so is essential to run at this kind of speed with\nslower memory).\n\nI'll stop saying things there 'cos I'll hopefully be working for ARM after\ngraduation...\n\nMike\n\nPS Don't pay heed to what reps from Philips say; if the 3D0/O doesn't beat the\n   pants off 3DI then I'll eat this postscript.\n--\n____________________________________________________________________________\n\\  /  / Michael Williams                     Part II Computer Science Tripos\n|\\/|\\/\\ MJW19@phx.cam.ac.uk                          University of Cambridge\n|  |(__)Cymdeithas Genedlaethol Traddodiad Troi Teigrod Mwythus Ben I Waered\n",
  u"From: rgc3679@bcstec.ca.boeing.com (Robert G. Carpenter)\nSubject: Re: Please Recommend 3D Graphics Library F\nOrganization: Boeing\nLines: 13\n\nSorry about not mentioning platform... my original post was to mac.programmer,\nand then decided to post here to comp.graphics.\n\nI'd like the 3D software to run on primarily Mac in either C, Object Pascal\n(Think or MPW). But, I'll port to Windows later, so a package that runs on\nMac and has a Windows version would be ideal.\n\nI'm looking for a package that has low upfront costs, and reasonable licensing\ncosts... of course :)\n\nBobC\n\n\n",
  u'From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Re: DC-X: Vehicle Nears Flight Test\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr5.191011.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 53\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nIn article <C4zHKw.3Dn@zoo.toronto.edu>, henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n> In article <2736@snap> paj@uk.co.gec-mrc (Paul Johnson) writes:\n>>This bit interests me.  How much automatic control is there?  Is it\n>>purely autonomous or is there some degree of ground control?\n> \n> The "stick-and-rudder man" is always the onboard computer.  The computer\n> normally gets its orders from a stored program, but they can be overridden\n> from the ground.\n> \n>>How is\n>>the transition from aerodynamic flight (if thats what it is) to hover\n>>accomplished?  This is the really new part...\n> \n> It\'s also one of the tricky parts.  There are four different ideas, and\n> DC-X will probably end up trying all of them.  (This is from talking to\n> Mitch Burnside Clapp, who\'s one of the DC-X test pilots, at Making Orbit.)\n> \n> (1) Pop a drogue chute from the nose, light the engines once the thing\n> \tstabilizes base-first.  Simple and reliable.  Heavy shock loads\n> \ton an area of structure that doesn\'t otherwise carry major loads.\n> \tNeeds a door in the "hot" part of the structure, a door whose\n> \toperation is mission-critical.\n> \n> (2) Switch off pitch stability -- the DC is aerodynamically unstable at\n> \tsubsonic speeds -- wait for it to flip, and catch it at 180\n> \tdegrees, then light engines.  A bit scary.\n> \n> (3) Light the engines and use thrust vectoring to push the tail around.\n> \tProbably the preferred method in the long run.  Tricky because\n> \tof the fuel-feed plumbing:  the fuel will start off in the tops\n> \tof the tanks, then slop down to the bottoms during the flip.\n> \tKeeping the engines properly fed will be complicated.\n> \n> (4) Build up speed in a dive, then pull up hard (losing a lot of speed,\n> \tthis thing\'s L/D is not that great) until it\'s headed up and\n> \tthe vertical velocity drops to zero, at which point it starts\n> \tto fall tail-first.  Light engines.  Also a bit scary, and you\n> \tprobably don\'t have enough altitude left to try again.\n> -- \n> All work is one man\'s work.             | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\n>                     - Kipling           |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n\nSince the DC-X is to take off horizontal, why not land that way??\nWhy do the Martian Landing thing..  Or am I missing something.. Don\'t know to\nmuch about DC-X and such.. (overly obvious?).\n\nWhy not just fall to earth like the russian crafts?? Parachute in then...\n\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n\nPlease enlighten me... Ignorance is easy to correct. make a mistake and\neveryone will let you know you messed up..\n',
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 25\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <115793@bu.edu>, jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n|> In article <1qla0g$afp@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n>|> >I hope an Islamic Bank is something other than BCCI, which\n>|> >ripped off so many small depositors among the Muslim\n>|> >community in the Uk and elsewhere.\n\n>|> Grow up, childish propagandist.\n\n|> \n|> >BBCI was an example of an Islamically owned and operated bank -\n|> >what will someone bet me they weren\'t "real" Islamic owners and\n|> >operators?\n|> \n|> An Islamic bank is a bank which operates according to the rules\n|> of Islam in regard to banking. This is done explicitly by the\n|> bank. This was not the case with BCCI.\n\nSo now you are saying that an Islamic Bank is something other than\nBCCI.\n\nWould you care to explain why it was that when I said  "I hope an \nIslamic Bank is something other than BCCI", you called me a childish \npropagandist.\n\njon.\n',
  u'From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Re: Why not give $1 billion to first year-long moon residents?\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr20.141137.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 33\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.101044.2291@iti.org>, aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer) writes:\n> In article <1qve4kINNpas@sal-sun121.usc.edu> schaefer@sal-sun121.usc.edu (Peter Schaefer) writes:\n> \n>>|> > Announce that a reward of $1 billion would go to the first corporation \n>>|> > who successfully keeps at least 1 person alive on the moon for a year. \n> \n>>Oh gee, a billion dollars!  That\'d be just about enough to cover the cost of the\n>>feasability study!  Happy, Happy, JOY! JOY!\n> \n> Depends. If you assume the existance of a working SSTO like DC, on billion\n> $$ would be enough to put about a quarter million pounds of stuff on the\n> moon. If some of that mass went to send equipment to make LOX for the\n> transfer vehicle, you could send a lot more. Either way, its a lot\n> more than needed.\n> \n> This prize isn\'t big enough to warrent developing a SSTO, but it is\n> enough to do it if the vehicle exists.\n> \n>   Allen\n> \n> -- \n> +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n> | Lady Astor:   "Sir, if you were my husband I would poison your coffee!"   |\n> | W. Churchill: "Madam, if you were my wife, I would drink it."             |\n> +----------------------57 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX-----------------------+\n\nOr have different classes of competetors.. and made the total purse $6billion\nor $7billion (depending on how many different classes there are, as in auto\nracing/motocycle racing and such)..\n\nWe shall see how things go..\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n',
  u"From: dpage@ra.csc.ti.com (Doug Page)\nSubject: Re: Quaint US Archaisms\nNntp-Posting-Host: ra\nOrganization: Texas Instruments\nLines: 41\n\nIn article <C512wC.B0M.1@cs.cmu.edu>, nickh@CS.CMU.EDU (Nick Haines) writes:\n|> In article <1993Apr2.170157.24251@ke4zv.uucp> gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman) writes:\n|> \n<stuff deleted>\n|> Of course the units of force have the same names as those of weight,\n|> but in order to use them you need to keep useful constants like the\n|> omnipresent 32.???? ft/sec^2 around.\n|> \n|> Maybe you'd like to go over again how this system is _so_ natural and\n|> _so_ easy to use, Gary? While you're at it, you can figure out for us\n|> the weight of 17 barrels and a quart of foo (density 17lb 2 3/4 oz per\n|> cubic foot) on the moon (gravity 5 ft 7 3/32 in/sec^2). Let's face it,\n|> even the imperial system uses a basically metric way of relating\n|> quantities (i.e. that would be written as 5.59 ft/sec^2); the only\n|> thing you're hanging on to is the right to express the same quantity\n|> as 1731 inches, 144.25 feet, 48.0833 yards or 2.186 chains. What\n|> everyone else is saying is _why_ do you want to do that?\n|> \n|> Any apparent remaining complexity in the SI system is due to the\n|> multiplicity of the aforesaid prefixes. In fact what's going on (and\n|> the fundamental difference between SI and imperial) is that you have\n|> exactly one unit of each type, and all values of that type are\n|> expressed as some multiple of the unit.\n\nYou mean like: seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years. . .  :-)\n\nRemember,  the Fahrenheit temperature scale is also a centigrade scale.  Some\nrevisionists tell the history something like this:  The coldest point in a\nparticular Russian winter was marked on the thermometer as was the body\ntemperature of a volunteer (turns out he was sick, but you can't win 'em all).\nThen the space in between the marks on the thermometer was then divided into\nhundredths.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t:-)\n\nFWIW,\n\nDoug Page\n\n\n***  The opinions are mine (maybe), and do not necessarily represent those  ***\n***  of my employer (or any other sane person, fot that matter).            ***\n",
  u"From: kai_h@postoffice.utas.edu.au (Kai Howells)\nSubject: Re: Ray tracer for ms-dos?\nOrganization: University of Tasmania\nLines: 33\n\nIn article <1r1cqiINNje8@srvr1.engin.umich.edu>,\ntdawson@llullaillaco.engin.umich.edu (Chris Herringshaw) wrote:\n> \n> \n> Sorry for the repeat of this request, but does anyone know of a good\n> free/shareware program with which I can create ray-traces and save\n> them as bit-mapped files?  (Of course if there is such a thing =)\n> \n> Thanks in advance\n> \n> Daemon\n\nPPPPP    OOOOO  V     V  Persistance Of Vision Raytracer.\nP    P  O     O V     V\nP    P  O     O V     V\nPPPPP   O     O V     V\nP       O     O  V   V\nP       O     O   V V\nP        OOOOO     V\n\nAvailable on archie and wuarchive in graphics type directories.\n\nPS It's freeware.\n\n--\n\n      _/_/_/                         \n    _/                                        Kai Howells.\n   _/         _/_/_/   _/ _/_/   _/  _/_/_/  kai_h@postoffice.utas.edu.au\n    _/_/    _/     _/ _/_/   _/ _/ _/       35 Mortimer Ave\n       _/  _/     _/ _/     _/ _/ _/       New Town TAS 7008\n      _/  _/     _/ _/     _/ _/ _/       Ph. Within Australia 002 286 110\n_/_/_/     _/_/_/  _/     _/ _/   _/_/_/  Elsewhere:        +61 02 286 110\n",
  u'From: dic5340@hertz.njit.edu (David Charlap)\nSubject: Re: Who\'s next?  Mormons and Jews?\nOrganization: New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, N.J.\nLines: 22\nNntp-Posting-Host: hertz.njit.edu\n\nIn article <1r1i41$4t@transfer.stratus.com> cdt@sw.stratus.com (C. D. Tavares) writes:\n>\n>Just maybe you won\'t be home.  Then you can come home to something \n>like this:\n>\n>    "Well, it\'s been a rough month," begins Johnnie Lawmaster.  "I\n> just get laid off, and my divorce became final.  But I just wasn\'t\n> ready for what happened this particular Monday."\n\n[horror story about FBI ruining a guy\'s life for the hell of it omitted]\n\n>So if you don\'t want your tea party to be held in awkward silence, make\n>sure your lawyer isn\'t there, there\'s a good chap.\n\nSo, is this a real story or a work of fiction?  How about some\nsources?  When, where, and in what newspaper did you get all this\nfrom?  Or is it all hypothetical?\n-- \n+------------------------+------------------------------------+\n| David Charlap          | "Apple II forever" - Steve Wozniac |\n| dic5340@hertz.njit.edu | "I drank what?" - Socrates         |\n+------------------------+------------------------------------+\n',
  u'From: d91-hes@tekn.hj.se (STEFAN HERMANSSON)\nSubject: re: Vesa on the Speedstar 24\nOrganization: H|gskolan i J|nk|ping\nLines: 8\nNntp-Posting-Host: pc9_b109.et.hj.se\n\n\n\n\tJust posting to John Cormack.\nI wanted to tell you that there is a "slight" difference between \nSpeedstar 24 and Speedstar 24X\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t/Stefan\n',
  u'From: ab@nova.cc.purdue.edu (Allen B)\nSubject: Re: thining algorithm\nOrganization: Purdue University\nLines: 15\n\nIn article <1q7615INNmi@shelley.u.washington.edu> kshin@stein.u.washington.edu  \n(Kevin Shin) writes:\n> I am trying obtain program to preprocess handwriting characters.\n> Like thining algorithm, graph alogrithm.\n> Do anyone know where I can obtain those?\n\nI usually use "Algorithms for graphics and image processing" by\nTheodosios Pavlidis, but other people here got them same idea and now\n3 of 4 copies in the libraries have been stolen!\n\nAnother reference is "Digital Image Processing" by Gonzalez and\nWintz/Wood, which is widely available but a little expensive ($55\nhere- I just checked today).\n\nab\n',
  u'From: frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer)\nSubject: Re: Societally acceptable behavior\nOrganization: Siemens-Nixdorf AG\nLines: 87\nNNTP-Posting-Host: d012s658.ap.mchp.sni.de\n\nIn article <C5r9At.Asv@news.cso.uiuc.edu> cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb) writes:\n#In <1qvabj$g1j@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) \n#writes:\n#\n#>In article <C5qGM3.DL8@news.cso.uiuc.edu> cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike \n#Cobb) writes:\n#\n#Am I making a wrong assumption for the basis of morals?  Where do they come \n#from?  The question came from the idea that I heard that morals come from\n#whatever is societally mandated.\n\nIt\'s only one aspect of morality.  Societal morality is necessarily\nvery crude and broad-brush stuff which attempts to deal with what\nis necessary to keep that society going  - and often it\'s a little\nover-enthusiastic about doing so.  Individual morality is a different\nthing, it often includes societal mores (or society is in trouble),\nbut is stronger.  For example, some people are vegetarian, though eating\nmeat may be perfectly legal.\n\n#\n#>#Merely a question for the basis of morality\n#>#\n#>#Moral/Ethical behavior = _Societally_ _acceptable_ _behavior_.\n#>#\n#>#1)Who is society\n#\n#>Depends on the society.\n#\n#Doesn\'t help.  Is the point irrelevant?\n\nNo.  Often the answer is "we are".  But if society is those who make\nthe rules, that\'s a different question.  If society is who should\nmake the rules, that\'s yet another.  I don\'t claim to have the answers, either,\nbut I don\'t think we do it very well in Ireland, and I like some things\nabout the US system, at least in principle.\n\n#\n#>#2)How do "they" define what is acceptable?\n#\n#>Depends.\n#On....  Again, this comes from a certain question (see above).\n\nWell, ideally they don\'t, but if they must they should do it by consensus, IMO.\n#\n#>#3)How do we keep from a "whatever is legal is what is "moral" "position?\n#\n#>By adopting a default position that people\'s moral decisions\n#>are none of society\'s business,\n#\n#So how can we put people in jail? How can we condemn other societies?\n\nBecause sometimes that\'s necessary.  The hard trick is to recognise when\nit is, and equally importantly, when it isn\'t.\n\n# and only interfering when it\'s truly\n#>necessary.\n#\n#Why would it be necessary?  What right do we have to interfere?\n\nIMO, it isn\'t often that interference (i.e. jail, and force of various\nkinds and degrees) is both necessary and effective.  Where you derive \nthe right to interfere is a difficult question - it\'s a sort of\nliar\'s paradox: "force is necessary for freedom".   One possible justification\nis that people who wish to take away freedom shouldn\'t object if\ntheir own freedom is taken away - the paradox doesn\'t arise if\nwe don\'t actively wish to take way anyone\'s freedom.\n#\n#  The introduction of permissible interference causes the problem\n#>that it can be either too much or too little - but most people seem\n#>to agree that some level of interference is necessary.\n#\n#They see the need for a "justice" system.  How can we even define that term?\n\nOnly by consensus, I guess.\n\n#  Thus you\n#>get a situation where "The law often allows what honour forbids", which I\'ve\n#>come to believe is as it should be.  \n#\n#I admit I don\'t understand that statement.\n\nWhat I mean is that, while thus-and-such may be legal, thus-and-such may\nalso be seen as immoral.   The law lets you do it, but you don\'t let yourself\ndo it.  Eating meat, for example.\n-- \nFrank O\'Dwyer                                  \'I\'m not hatching That\'\nodwyer@sse.ie                                  from "Hens",  by Evelyn Conlon\n',
  u"From: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nSubject: Re: The Inimitable Rushdie (Re: An Anecdote about Islam\nReply-To: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nLines: 37\n\nIn article <30121@ursa.bear.com>, halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat) writes:\n>In article <115288@bu.edu>, jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n>>\n>>He'd have to be precise about is rejection of God and his leaving Islam.\n>>One is perfectly free to be muslim and to doubt and question the\n>>existence of God, so long as one does not _reject_ God. I am sure that\n>>Rushdie has be now made his atheism clear in front of a sufficient \n>>number of proper witnesses. The question in regard to the legal issue\n>>is his status at the time the crime was committed. \n>\n\nI'll also add that it is impossible to actually tell when one\n_rejects_ god.  Therefore, you choose to punish only those who\n_talk_ about it.  \n\n>\n>-jim halat                             \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n",
  u'From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 13\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nlivesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n\n>>Well, chimps must have some system.  They live in social groups\n>>as we do, so they must have some "laws" dictating undesired behavior.\n>So, why "must" they have such laws?\n\nThe quotation marks should enclose "laws," not "must."\n\nIf there were no such rules, even instinctive ones or unwritten ones,\netc., then surely some sort of random chance would lead a chimp society\ninto chaos.\n\nkeith\n',
  u'From: hrubin@pop.stat.purdue.edu (Herman Rubin)\nSubject: U.S. Government and Science and Technolgy Investment\nOrganization: Purdue University Statistics Department\nLines: 75\n\nIn article <1993Apr30.151033.13776@aio.jsc.nasa.gov> kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov writes:\n>People who criticize "big Government" and its projects rarely seem to\n>have a consistent view of the role of Government in science and\n>technology.  Basically, the U.S. Government has gotten into the role of\n>supporting research which private industry finds too expensive or too\n>long-term.  \n\n>(Historically, this role for the U.S. Gov\'t was forced upon it because\n>of socialism in other countries.  In order for U.S.  industries to\n>compete with government-subsidized foreign competitors, the U.S. Gov\'t\n>has taken on the role of subisizing big-ticket or long-lead R&D.)\n\nThis definitely had nothing to do with the entry of the government into\nthe support of science; some of it is relevant in technology.  There\nwas little involvement of federal funds, or except through support of\nstate universities, of state funds, for scientific research before WWII.\nThe US research position had been growing steadily, and the funding was\nmainly from university and private foundation funds.  There were not that\nmany research universities, but they all provided their researchers with\nlow teaching loads, laboratories, assistants, and equipment, and funds for\ntravel to scientific meetings.  Not that much, but it was provided, and a\nuniversity wishing to get a scholar had to consider research funding as well\nas salary.\n\nDuring WWII, the military and the defense departments found that pure\nscientists could do quite well with their problems, even though they \nwere not exactly in the areas of the scientists\' expertise.  This is\nprobably because of the "research mind" approach, which is not to try\nto find a solution, but to understand the problem and see if a solution\nemerges.  This works in stages, and as research scientists were used to\ndiscussion about their problems, the job got done.\n\nThe military realized the importance of maintaining scientists for the\nfuture, and started funding pure research after WWII.  But Congress was\nunwilling to have military funds diverted into this investment into the\nfuture supply of scientists, and set up other organizations, such as \nNSF, to do the job.  It also set up an elaborate procedure to supposedly\nkeep politics out.  Also, the government did a job on private foundations,\nmaking it more difficult for them to act to support research.\n\nThe worst part of the federal involvement is that in those areas in which\nthe government supports research the university will not provide funding,\nand in fact expects its scholars to bring in net government money.  Suppose,\nas has been the case, I have a project which could use the assistance of\na graduate student for a few months.  What do you think happens if I ask\nfor one?  The answer I will get is, "Get the money from NSF."  Now the\nmoney at the university level is a few thousand, but at the NSF level it\ncomes to about 20 thousand, and is likely to keep a faculty member from\ngetting supported.  So the government is, in effect, deciding which projects\nget supported, and how much.  \n\nAlso, the government decided that the "wealth" should be spread.  So instead\nof having a moderate number of universities which were primarily research\ninstitutions, the idea that more schools should get into the act came into\nbeing.  And instead of evaluating scholars, they had to go to evaluating\nreseach proposals.  As a researcher, I can tell you that any research proposal\nhas to be mainly wishful thinking, or as now happens, the investigator conceals\nalready done work to release it as the results of the research.  What I am\nproposing today I may solve before the funding is granted, I may find \nimpossible, or I may find that it is too difficult.  In addition, tomorrow\nI may get unexpected research results.  Possibly I may bet a bright idea\nwhich solves yesterday\'s too difficult problem, or a whole new approach to\nsomething I had not considered can develop.  This is the nature of the beast, \nand except for really vague statements, if something can be predicted, it\nis not major research, but development or routine activity not requiring \nmore than minimal attention of a good researcher.  \n\nI believe that at this time less quality research is being done than would\nhave happened if the government had never gotten into it, and the government\nis trying to divert researchers from thinkers to plodders.\n-- \nHerman Rubin, Dept. of Statistics, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette IN47907-1399\nPhone: (317)494-6054\nhrubin@snap.stat.purdue.edu (Internet, bitnet)  \n{purdue,pur-ee}!snap.stat!hrubin(UUCP)\n',
  u'From: decay@cbnewsj.cb.att.com (dean.kaflowitz)\nSubject: Re: Spreading Christianity (Re: Christian Extremist Kills Doctor)\nOrganization: AT&T\nDistribution: na\nLines: 40\n\nIn article <Yfk8p=q00WBM47T0sJ@andrew.cmu.edu>, "David R. Sacco" <dsav+@andrew.cmu.edu> writes:\n>    Not to be too snide about it, but I think this Christianity must\n>    be a very convenient religion, very maliable and suitable for\n>    any occassion since it seems one can take it any way one wants\n>    to go with it and follow whichever bits one pleases and\n>    reinterpret the bits that don\'t match with one\'s desires.  It\n>    is, in fact, so convenient that, were I capable of believing\n>    in a god, I might consider going for some brand of Christianity.\n>    The only difficulty left then, of course, is picking which sect\n>    to join.  There are just so many.\n> \n> Yes, Christianity is convenient.  Following the teachings of Jesus\n> Christ and the Ten Commandments is convenient.  Trying to love in a\n> hateful world is convenient.  Turning the other cheek is convenient.  So\n> convenient that it is burdensome at times.\n\nYour last remark is a contradiction, but I\'ll let that pass.\n\nI was addressing the notion of the Great Commission, which\nyou deleted in order to provide us with dull little homilies.\nThank you, Bing Crosby.  Now you go right on back to sleep\nand mommy and daddy will tuck you in later.\n\nOh, and how convenient his bible must have been to Michael\nGriffin, how convenient his Christianity.  "Well, I\'ll just\nskip the bit about not murdering people and loving the sinner\nand hating the sin and all that other stuff for now and\nconcentrate on the part where it says that if someone is doing\nsomething wrong, you should shoot him in the back several times\nas he tries to hobble away on his crutches."\n\nI\'ll leave the "convert or die" program of the missionaries and\ntheir military escorts in the Americas for Nadja to explain as\nshe knows much more about it than I.\n\nMust be awfully convenient, by the way, to offer platitudes\nas you have done, David, rather than addressing the arguments.\n\nDean Kaflowitz\n\n',
  u'From: Wingert@vnet.IBM.COM (Bret Wingert)\nSubject: Re: Level 5?\nOrganization: IBM, Federal Systems Co. Software Services\nDisclaimer: This posting represents the poster\'s views, not those of IBM\nNews-Software: UReply 3.1\n            <1993Apr23.124759.1@fnalf.fnal.gov>\nLines: 29\n\nIn <1993Apr23.124759.1@fnalf.fnal.gov> Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey writes:\n>In article <19930422.121236.246@almaden.ibm.com>, Wingert@vnet.IBM.COM (Bret Wingert) writes:\n>> 3. The Onboard Flight Software project was rated "Level 5" by a NASA team.\n>>    This group generates 20-40 KSLOCs of verified code per year for NASA.\n>\n>Will someone tell an ignorant physicist where the term "Level 5" comes\n>from? It sounds like the RISKS Digest  equivalent of Large, Extra\n>Large, Jumbo... Or maybe it\'s like "Defcon 5..."\n>\n>I gather it means that Shuttle software was developed with extreme\n>care to have reliablility and safety, and almost everything else in\n>the computing world is Level 1, or cheesy dime-store software.  Not\n>surprising.  But who is it that invents this standard, and how come\n>everyone but me seems to be familiar with it?\n\nLevel 5 refers to the Carnegie-Mellon Software Engineering Institute\'s\nCapability Maturity Model.  This model rates software development\norg\'s from1-5.  with 1 being Chaotic and 5 being Optimizing.  DoD is\nbeginning to use this rating system as a discriminator in contracts.  I\nhave more data on thifrom 1 page to 1000.  I have a 20-30 page\npresentation that summarizes it wethat I could FAX to you if you\'re\ninterested...\nBret Wingert\nWingert@VNET.IBM.COM\n\n(713)-282-7534\nFAX: (713)-282-8077\n\n\n',
  u'From: tkelso@afit.af.mil (TS Kelso)\nSubject: Two-Line Orbital Element Set:  Space Shuttle\nKeywords: Space Shuttle, Orbital Elements, Keplerian\nNntp-Posting-Host: scgraph.afit.af.mil\nOrganization: Air Force Institute of Technology\nLines: 18\n\nThe most current orbital elements from the NORAD two-line element sets are\ncarried on the Celestial BBS, (513) 427-0674, and are updated daily (when\npossible).  Documentation and tracking software are also available on this\nsystem.  As a service to the satellite user community, the most current\nelements for the current shuttle mission are provided below.  The Celestial\nBBS may be accessed 24 hours/day at 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 bps using\n8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity.\n\nElement sets (also updated daily), shuttle elements, and some documentation\nand software are also available via anonymous ftp from archive.afit.af.mil\n(129.92.1.66) in the directory pub/space.\n\nSTS 55     \n1 22640U 93 27  A 93117.91666666  .00044808  00000-0  13489-3 0    63\n2 22640  28.4614 259.3429 0005169 259.6342  61.8074 15.90673799   201\n-- \nDr TS Kelso                           Assistant Professor of Space Operations\ntkelso@afit.af.mil                    Air Force Institute of Technology\n',
  u'From: daveb@pogo.wv.tek.com (Dave Butler)\nSubject: Re: NEW BIBLICAL CONTRADICTIONS [Fallaciously] ANSWERED (Judas)\nOrganization: Tektronix, Inc., Wilsonville,  OR.\nLines: 82\n\nI produced an error last week about CHORION:\n\n>> (By the way Mr DeCenso, you really should have looked in the index of your\n>> Bauer-Arndt-Gingrich Greek lexicon.  You would have found that the word in\n>> Acts for "lot" is "kleros," not "CHORION" as stated by Mr Archer, and nowhere\n>> in the very large discussion of kleros in done the to "Theological Dictionary\n>> of the New Testament" by Bromley, is the meaning "burial plot" discussed.  It\n>> discusses the forms of "kleros" (eg: kleros, kleroo, etc), and the various\n>> meanings of "kleros" (eg: "plot of land," and "inheritance"), but mentions\n>> nothing about CHORION or "burial plot." (Why does this not surprise me?) Thus\n>> it would seem to be a very good thing you dumped Archer as a reference).\n> \n> I was wrong. I admit that I do not have a handle on Greek grammar, and thus\n> confused "kleros", the second to last word in Acts 1:17 as being the plot of\n> land discussed.  In actuality it is "chorion", which is the last word Acts\n> 1:18.  Unfortunately my Greek dictionary does not discuss "chorion" so I\n> cannot report as to the nuances of the word.\n\nI abhor publishing trash (I abhor it of myself even more than I do from\nothers, but since I do not present myself as an authority on the subject, I do\nnot feel dishonest, though I do openly admit ignorance and incompetence in\nthis example).  Thus I felt honor bound to do a better set of research\nspecifically on the word.  First it should be noted that Greek grammar is not\nas tough as I first assumed (it is not nontrivial by any means, and I still am\nnot competent with it, but it is not as opaque as I had thought).  It turns\nout that while the Index for the Bauer-Arndt-Gingrich "Greek Lexicon" renders\neach verse in order, each word within a verse is put in greek alphabetical\norder.  Thus while the the meaning of the verse is decipherable, the syntax is\nfar from clear.  On the other hand, a Greek-English Intralinear Bible makes\nthings a lot more comprehendable.  And yes, the word for field in Acts 1:18 is\nindeed "chorion." \n\nNow I\'ve checked several Greek-English lexicons:\n\n\t"Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament," Louw and Nida\n\t"Robinson\'s Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament"\n\t"Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament," Grimm\n\t"Word study Concordance," Tynsdale\n\t"A Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament and other \n\t early Christian Writings," Bauer-Arndt-Gingrich\n\t"The New Analytical Greek Lexicon," Perschbacher\n\nIn each case the meaning of the word Chorion was given variously as:\n\n\tA space, place, region, district, field, area, "country place," \n\tland, farm, estate, "a bit of tillage", and similar meanings.\n\nNowhere do any of these books mention anything about "grave." As some of these \nbooks go into great detail, I would be very surprised to find that these books \nare all inadequate and Mr Archer is the only competent scholar in Greek.  I \nthink it more likely that Mr Archer\'s investigations into "contradictions" to \nbe once again, as your friend said it, "lacking in substance," and thus Archer \nis again shown worthless as an expert witness (By the way Mr DeCenso, I would \nhave honorably presented my results on this matter, even if I had found them\nto support Mr Archer\'s contentions). \n\nBy the way, among these lexicons, (eg: Robinson\'s) is the definition of\n"agros," the word used in Matthew 27 to describe the field bought.  The word\n"agros" is defined as "a field in the country." Chorion is specifically noted\nas a synonym to agros.  This is significant, as it is evidence of how silly\nBullinger\'s exegisis was, which stated that the word for "field" in Matthew\n(ie: agros) is different from the word for "field" in Acts (ie: chorion), and\nthus we must be talking about two different fields (Of course you already\nadmit how stupid Bullinger\'s exegisis is, but this was a small serendipity\nwhich drives the point home). \n\nSo as of now, unless Mr DeCenso show compelling reasons to believe otherwise\n(eg: a reputable scholar with reputable references), I consider this \nparticular issue closed.  See Mr DeCenso, now you can go on to answer\nquestions about the denials of Peter, the day of the Crucifixion, Tyre, and \nthe fact that the author of Matthew quoted from the wrong prophet in\ndiscussing the "Potter\'s Field."\n \n\t\t\t\tLater,\n\n\t\t\t\tDave Butler\n\n    Precise knowledge is the only true knowledge, and he who does not teach\n    exactly, does not teach at all.\n\t\t\t\tHenry Ward Beecher\n\t\t\t\tAmerican Clergyman\n\t\t\t\tas recorded by George Seldes\n',
  u'From: jmeritt@mental.MITRE.ORG (Jim Meritt - System Admin)\nSubject: An invisible God!\nOrganization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway\nLines: 14\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu\n\n God CAN be seen:\n        "And I will take away my hand, and thou shalt see my backparts."\n        (Ex. 33:23)\n        "And the Lord spake to Moses face to face, as a man speaketh to his\n        friend." (Ex. 33:11)\n        "For I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved."\n        (Gen. 32:30)\nGod CANNOT be seen:\n        "No man hath seen God at any time." (John 1:18)\n        "And he said, Thou canst not see my face; for there shall no man\n        see me and live." (Ex. 33:20)\n        "Whom no man hath seen nor can see." (1 Tim. 6:16)\n\nPick what you want!\n',
  u"From: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nX-Newsreader: rusnews v1.01\nLines: 11\n\nmccullou@snake2.cs.wisc.edu (Mark McCullough) writes:\n> I think you mean circular, not recursive, but that is semantics.\n> Recursiveness has no problems, it is just horribly inefficient (just ask\n> any assembly programmer.)\n\nTail-recursive functions in Scheme are at least as efficient as iterative\nloops.  Anyone who doesn't program in assembler will have heard of optimizing\ncompilers.\n\n\nmathew\n",
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: Where are they now?\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 34\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <1ql0d3$5vo@dr-pepper.East.Sun.COM> geoff@East.Sun.COM (Geoff Arnold @ Sun BOS - R.H. coast near the top) writes:\n\n>Your posting provoked me into checking my save file for memorable\n>posts. The first I captured was by Ken Arromdee on 19 Feb 1990, on the\n>subject "Re: atheist too?". That was article #473 here; your question\n>was article #53766, which is an average of about 48 articles a day for\n>the last three years. As others have noted, the current posting rate is\n>such that my kill file is depressing large...... Among the posting I\n>saved in the early days were articles from the following notables:\n\n\tHey, it might to interesting to read some of these posts...\nEspecially from ones who still regularly posts on alt.atheism!\n\n\n>>From: loren@sunlight.llnl.gov (Loren Petrich)\n>>From: jchrist@nazareth.israel.rel (Jesus Christ of Nazareth)\n>>From: mrc@Tomobiki-Cho.CAC.Washington.EDU (Mark Crispin)\n>>From: perry@apollo.HP.COM (Jim Perry)\n>>From: lippard@uavax0.ccit.arizona.edu (James J. Lippard)\n>>From: minsky@media.mit.edu (Marvin Minsky)\n>\n>An interesting bunch.... I wonder where #2 is?\n\n\tHee hee hee.\n\n\t*I* ain\'t going to say....\n\n--- \n\n        " Whatever promises that have been made can than be broken. "\n\n        John Laws, a man without the honor to keep his given word.\n\n\n',
  u"From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 27\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1993Apr19.112008.26198@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>, darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:\n|> In <1qi3fc$jkj@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> \n|> >In article <1993Apr14.110209.7703@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>, darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:\n|> >>\n|> >> Some here on alt.atheism think that by condemning the actions \n|> >> of some of those who call themselves Muslims, they are condemning \n|> >> Islam.\n|> \n|> >Do you read minds, Mr Rice?   You know what posters think now,\n|> >not just what they write?\n|> \n|> >For myself, I only have what people are posting here to go on,\n|> >and that's what I am commenting on.\n|> \n|> I think you may have misunderstood me.\n|> \n|> I mean that one does not really criticize _Islam_ necessarily by\n|> bringing Khomeini etc. into the argument, for whether he is or is not\n|> following Islam has to be determined by examining his actions against\n|> Islamic teachings.  Islamic teachings are contained in the Qur'an and\n|> hadiths (reported sayings and doings of the Prophet).\n\nThat's funny, I thought you were making a statement about what\npeople think.    In fact, I see it quoted up there.\n\njon.\n",
  u"From: sean@aries.scs.uiuc.edu (Sean Murphy)\nSubject: Hallusion info??\nSummary: Hallusion info?\nKeywords: hallusion, 3d\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 5\n\nHas anyone seen hallusions?  You can buy a poster of them and it looks like a simple dot pattern\nwhen you first look at it but if you focus behind it you see a 3d picture.  I'm looking for\na program that generates these pictures.  There's a company in Texas that makes them but I \ndoubt if they're giving the program away.  Any help would be appreciated. \n\n",
  u'From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Re: Eco-Freaks forcing Space Mining.\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr23.123433.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 43\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nIn article <1r96hb$kbi@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n> In article <1993Apr23.001718.1@aurora.alaska.edu> nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu writes:\n>>In article <1r6b7v$ec5@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n>>>  Besides this was the same line of horse puckey the mining companies claimed\n>>> when they were told to pay for  restoring land  after strip mining.\n>>===\n>>I aint talking the large or even the "mining companies" I am talking the small\n>>miners, the people who have themselves and a few employees (if at all).The\n>>people who go out every year and set up thier sluice box, and such and do\n>>mining the semi-old fashion way.. (okay they use modern methods toa point).\n> \n> \n> Lot\'s of these small miners  are no longer miners.  THey are people living\n> rent free on Federal land,  under the claim of being a miner.  The facts are\n> many of these people do not sustaint heir income from mining,  do not\n> often even live their full time,  and do fotentimes do a fair bit\n> of environmental damage.\n> \n> These minign statutes were created inthe 1830\'s-1870\'s  when the west was\n> uninhabited  and were designed to bring people into the frontier.  Times change\n> people change.  DEAL.  you don\'t have a constitutional right to live off\n> the same industry forever.  Anyone who claims the have a right to their\n> job in particular,  is spouting nonsense.   THis has been a long term\n> federal welfare program,  that has outlived it\'s usefulness.\n> \n> pat\n> \n\nHum, do you enjoy putting words in my mouth? \nCome to Nome and meet some of these miners.. I am not sure how things go down\nsouth in the lower 48 (I used to visit, but), of course to believe the\nmedia/news its going to heck (or just plain crazy). \nWell it seems that alot of Unionist types seem to think that having a job is a\nright, and not a priviledge. Right to the same job as your forbearers, SEE:\nKennedy\'s and tel me what you see (and the families they have married into).\nThere is a reason why many historians and poli-sci types use unionist and\nsocialist in the same breath.\nThe miners that I know, are just your average hardworking people who pay there\ntaxes and earn a living.. But taxes are not the answer. But maybe we could move\nthis discussion to some more appropriate newsgroup..\n\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n',
  u'From: scharle@lukasiewicz.cc.nd.edu (scharle)\nSubject: Re: Rawlins debunks creationism\nReply-To: scharle@lukasiewicz.cc.nd.edu (scharle)\nOrganization: Univ. of Notre Dame\nLines: 31\n\nIn article <1r4dglINNkv2@ctron-news.ctron.com>, king@ctron.com (John E. King) writes:\n|> \n|> \n|> kv07@IASTATE.EDU (Warren Vonroeschlaub) writes:\n|> \n|> \n|> \n|> >  Neither I, nor Webster\'s has ever heard of Francis Hitchings.  Who is he? \n|> >Please do not answer with "A well known evolutionist" or some other such\n|> >informationless phrase.\n|> \n|> He is a paleontologist and author of "The Neck of the Giraffe".  The\n|> quote was taken from pg. 103.\n|> \n|> Jack\n\n    For your information, I checked the Library of Congress catalog,\nand they list the following books by Francis Hitching:\n\n    Earth Magic\n\n    The Neck of the Giraffe, or Where Darwin Went Wrong\n\n    Pendulum: the Psi Connection\n\n    The World Atlas of Mysteries\n\n-- \nTom Scharle                |scharle@irishmvs\nRoom G003 Computing Center |scharle@lukasiewicz.cc.nd.edu\nUniversity of Notre Dame  Notre Dame, IN 46556-0539 USA\n',
  u'From: rsc@altair.csustan.edu (Steve Cunningham)\nSubject: Re: ACM SIGGRAPH Registration Problem\nSummary: It\'s fixed...\nOrganization: CSU Stanislaus\nLines: 29\n\nzyda@cs.nps.navy.mil (Michael Zyda) notes:\n\n> A word of warning for those of you registering for SIGGRAPH \'93.\n> I just received my registration form back in the mail with the\n> envelope marked "Return to sender. Moved - Left No Address.\n> Closed PO Box". The address I used to register for SIGGRAPH \'93\n> is the one printed on the registration form:\n> \n>      ACM SIGGRAPH \'93\n>      PO Box 95316,\n>      Chicago, IL 60694-5316\n> \n> I printed the envelope in my best printing, honest but evidently\n> SIGGRAPH \'93 has skipped town or moved?\n> \n> I ended up faxing my registration to: 312-321-6876. I hope that\n> number is real!\n> \n>      Michael Zyda\n\nI had the same problem and called the people who handle the box; the\nproblem happened some time ago and was caught almost instantly.  All\nregistrations going to that address are now fixed.  See what trouble\nyou get into when you don\'t procrastinate, Mike?\n\nAnd no, SIGGRAPH 93 has not skipped town -- we\'re preparing the best\nSIGGRAPH conference yet!\n\n-- Steve Cunningham \n',
  u"From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Ignorance is BLISS, was Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <f1682Ap@quack.kfu.com>, pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)\nwrote:\n> In article <sandvik-170493104859@sandvik-kent.apple.com> \n> sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n> >Ignorance is not bliss!\n \n> Ignorance is STRENGTH!\n> Help spread the TRUTH of IGNORANCE!\n\nHuh, if ignorance is strength, then I won't distribute this piece\nof information if I want to follow your advice (contradiction above).\n\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n",
  u"From: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nSubject: Re: A silly question on x-tianity\nReply-To: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <1993Apr14.175557.20296@daffy.cs.wisc.edu>, mccullou@snake2.cs.wisc.edu (Mark McCullough) writes:\n\n>Sorry to insult your homestate, but coming from where I do, Wisconsin\n>is _very_ backwards.  I was never able to understand that people actually\n>held such bigoted and backwards views until I came here.\n\nI have never been to Wisconsin, though I have been to\nneighbor Minnesota. Being a child of the Middle Atlantic (NY, NJ, PA)\nI found that there were few states in the provences that stood\nout in this youngster's mind: California, Texas, and Florida to \nname the most obvious three.  However, both Minnesota and Wisconsin\nstuck out, solely on the basis of their politics.  Both have \nalways translated to extremely liberal and progressive states.\nAnd my recent trip to Minnestoa last summer served to support that\nstate's reputation.  My guess is that Wisconsin is probably the\nsame.  At least that was the impression the people of Minnesota left\nwith me about their neighbors.\n\nThe only question in my head about Wisconsin, though, is \nwhether or not there is a cause-effect relationship between\ncheese and serial killers :)\n\n-jim halat\n",
  u"From: rgc3679@bcstec.ca.boeing.com (Robert G. Carpenter)\nSubject: Re: Please Recommend 3D Graphics Library For Mac.\nOrganization: Boeing\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <1993Apr17.092051.19814@kth.se> d88-jwa@hemul.nada.kth.se (Jon Wtte) writes:\n>In <Z2442B4w164w@cellar.org> tsa@cellar.org (The Silent Assassin) writes:\n>\n>>> I'm building a CAD package and need a 3D graphics library that can handle\n>>> some rudimentry tasks, such as hidden line removal, shading, animation, etc.\n>>> \n>>> Can you please offer some recommendations?\n>\n>I think APDA has something called MacWireFrame which is a full\n>wire-frame (and supposedly hidden-line removal) library.\n>I think it weighs in at $99 (but I've been wrong on an order\n>of magnitude before)\n>\n\n I spoke with the author of MacWireFrame earlier today. The cost is $299, but there\n are no license royalties. His name is Eric Johnson in Sacramento, CA phone\n 916/737-1550. He doesn't have email. Very nice guy... very knowledgeable about\n graphics. Seems like he may have a decent package. It's an Object Pascal Framework\n that supposedly has a fairly complete set of geometry creation classes. \n I'm going to check it out and see if it's got what I need for my CAD package.\n\n I also found another package: 3D Graphic Tools by Micro System Options in Seattle.\n The number is: 206/868-5418, also no email. The package is strong at ray tracing,\n I'm not too sure about its geometry creation tools. I also need to look into this\n package some more. I also spoke with the author, Mark Owens, another nice\n guy that seems to know his business. The price is $249, no royalties.\n\nBobC\n\n\n",
  u'From: edm@twisto.compaq.com (Ed McCreary)\nSubject: Re: Where are they now?\nIn-Reply-To: acooper@mac.cc.macalstr.edu\'s message of 15 Apr 93 11: 17:13 -0600\nOrganization: Compaq Computer Corp\n\t<1993Apr15.111713.4726@mac.cc.macalstr.edu>\nLines: 18\n\na> In article <1qi156INNf9n@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU>, tcbruno@athena.mit.edu (Tom Bruno) writes:\n> \n..stuff deleted...\n> \n> Which brings me to the point of my posting.  How many people out there have \n> been around alt.atheism since 1990?  I\'ve done my damnedest to stay on top of\n...more stuff deleted...\n\nHmm, USENET got it\'s collective hooks into me around 1987 or so right after I\nswitched to engineering.  I\'d say I started reading alt.atheism around 1988-89.\nI\'ve probably not posted more than 50 messages in the time since then though.\nI\'ll never understand how people can find the time to write so much.  I\ncan barely keep up as it is.\n\n--\nEd McCreary                                               ,__o\nedm@twisto.compaq.com                                   _-\\_<, \n"If it were not for laughter, there would be no Tao."  (*)/\'(*)\n',
  u"From: graeme@labtam.labtam.oz.au (Graeme Gill)\nSubject: Re: HELP: Need 24 bits viewer\nKeywords: 24 bit\nOrganization: Labtam Australia Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Australia\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <5713@seti.inria.fr>, deniaud@cartoon.inria.fr (Gilles Deniaud) writes:\n> Hi,\n> \n> I'm looking for a program which is able to display 24 bits\n> images. We are using a Sun Sparc equipped with Parallax\n> graphics board running X11.\n\n\txli, xloadimage or ImageMagick - export.lcs.mit.edu [18.24.0.12] /contrib\n\n\tGraeme Gill\n",
  u'From: dpw@sei.cmu.edu (David Wood)\nSubject: Re: And Another THing:\nIn-Reply-To: mangoe@cs.umd.edu\'s message of 3 Apr 93 00:46:07 GMT\nOrganization: Software Engineering Institute\nLines: 39\n\n\n\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate) writes:\n\n>Keith Ryan writes:\n>>\n>>You will ignore any criticism of your logic, or any possible incongruenties\n>>in your stance?  You will not answer any questions on the validity of any\n>>opinion and/or facts you state?\n\n>When I have to start saying "that\'s not what I said", and the response is\n>"did so!", there\'s no reason to continue.  If someone is not going to argue\n>with MY version of MY position, then they cannot be argued with.\n\nBut of course YOUR version of YOUR position has been included in the\nCharley Challenges, so your claim above is a flat-out lie.  Further,\nonly last week you claimed that you "might not" answer the Challenges\nbecause you were turned off by "included text".  So which is it, do\nyou want your context included in my articles or not?  Come to think\nof it, this contradiction has the makings of a new entry in the next\nChallenges post.\n\nBy the way, I\'ve kept every bloody thing that you\'ve written related\nto this thread, and will be only too pleased to re-post any of it to\nback my position.  You seem to have forgotten that you leave an\nelectronic paper trail on the net.\n\n>>This is the usual theist approach.  No matter how many times a certain\n>>argument has been disproven, shown to be non-applicable or non-sequitur;\n>>they keep cropping up- time after time.\n\n>Speaking of non-sequiturs, this has little to do with what I just said.  And\n>have some sauce for the goose: some of the "disproof" is fallacies repeated\n>over and over (such as the "law of nature" argument someone posted recently).\n\nNow, now, let\'s not change the subject.  Wouldn\'t it be best to finish\nup the thread in question before you begin new ones?\n\n--Dave Wood\n',
  u"From: jaskew@spam.maths.adelaide.edu.au (Joseph Askew)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nOrganization: Statistics, Pure & Applied Mathematics, University of Adelaide\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <bskendigC5qyJ2.GEw@netcom.com> bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig) writes:\n>b645zaw@utarlg.uta.edu (Stephen Tice) writes:\n\n>>One way or another -- so much for patience. Too bad you couldn't just\n>>wait. Was the prospect of God's Message just too much to take?\n\n>So you believe that David Koresh really is Jesus Christ?\n\nWell lets see - a long haired nut case with sexual hangups surrounded\nby a lot of gulible losers without a brain between them with a miserable\nand meaningless death to boot\n\nSounds like he fits the bill to me!\n\nJoseph 'Remember David Koresh fried for you' Askew\n\n-- \nJoseph Askew, Gauche and Proud  In the autumn stillness, see the Pleiades,\njaskew@spam.maths.adelaide.edu  Remote in thorny deserts, fell the grief.\nDisclaimer? Sue, see if I care  North of our tents, the sky must end somwhere,\nActually, I rather like Brenda  Beyond the pale, the River murmurs on.\n",
  u'From: brian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, Tucson AZ.\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <bskendigC5wrsM.Gyx@netcom.com> bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig) writes:\n\n>As long as we\'re trading secrets, let me tell y\'all one: I got a\n>really bad feeling in my heart back when I was a Christian.  I\n>couldn\'t really pinpoint it, but something felt dreadfully cheap and\n>wrong about the whole affair.  I had been a devout follower, even a\n>Bible-banger, but eventually it started ringing terribly hollow to me.\n>\n>And I felt torn when I began to disagree with a lot of what the Bible\n>(and my priests) told me; this was what made me finally realize that\n>either I was very wrong, or else the Bible was very wrong.  And since\n>I felt reasonably sure of myself, I decided to start analyzing the\n>Bible very closely.  That was the catalyst to my break with my faith,\n>though it was a long and difficult effort.\n\nBrian, have you checked out what your priests told you in the\nBible to see whether they were telling you the truth?  Did you know\nthat according to the Bible, there shouldn\'t even be such things as\n"priests" anymore?  Do you know why the preisthood was established in\nthe Old Testament to begin with and the reasons why after Jesus,\nthere were no priests--that is until the Roman Catholic Church \n300 years later devised the doctrine of transubstantiation by ignoring\nthe whole concept beyond the book of Hebrews?\n\nYou said you analyzed the Bible very closely.  I think you are\nlying.  For if you had, I would think you would have at least\ngot the doctrine of hell straight.\n\nSo what is your beef against Jesus?  Be specific and point on\nverses.\n',
  u'From: brian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, Tucson AZ.\nLines: 120\n\nBrian Ceccarelli wrote (that\'s me):\n\n> Kent, I am not accusing you of evil things.  Jesus is accusing you.\n> And it is not only you that He is accusing.  He is accusing everyone.\n> Me, you and everyone in the world is guilty.  Whether one\n> sees the light or does not seen the light has nothing to do with \n> whether we do evil things.  We do them regardless.  \n\nKent Sandvik responds:\n\n> Hmm, it seems that this is the core of Christianity then, you \n> have to feel guilty . . . \n\nI think I see where you are coming from Kent.  Jesus doesn\'t view\nguilt like our modern venacular colors it.   \n\n"Feelings" have nothing to do with guilt.  Feelings arise from the state of \nbeing guilty.  Feeling and guilt are mutally exclusive.  Feelings are a \nreaction from guilt.  Jesus is talking about the guilt state, not the \nreaction.   Let me give you an example:\n\nHave you ever made a mistake?  Have you ever lied to someone?  Even a\nlittle white lie?   Have you ever claimed to know something that you really \ndidn\'t know?  Have you ever hated someone?  Have you ever been selfish?\nAre you guilty of any one of these?   The answer is of course, YES.  You\nare guilty.  Period.  That is it what Jesus is getting at.  No big surprise.  \nFeelings do not even enter the picture.   Consider Jesus\'s use of the word\n"guilt" as how a court uses it.\n\nJesus is concerned that everyone should admit that they are guilty of being\nimperfect.  The Bible calls it the state that we are all sinners.  We all do\nbad things.  Even the most insignficant thing that we do wrong is proof of our \nguilt that we are all sinners.     It is it in our nature to do bad things. \nWe are sinners, therefore we do bad things.  Being a sinner is fact.  It is\nnot a pleasant fact.  But it is just a fact.  We are not perfect.   Calling us\nsinners should have no more emotional charge to you than calling you a\nhuman being.  Guilty as charged.\n\n> and then there\'s this single personality that will save you from this\n> universal guilt feeling.\n\nYou can handle your guilt in one of two ways:  Acknowledge you\nmade a mistake, learn from it, and try to not do it again--in\nthe meantime, not punishing yourself for it:  which is the\nway Jesus wants you to handle or it.  This is the healthy way.\n\nOr two, the destructive way:  put yourself down, slap yourself\nand feel like crap, never forgive yourself, force yourself to\nsay a thousand Hail Marys . . . even to suicide.  This the way \nJesus does NOT want us to deal with it.   All people fall into this \ncategory to some extent in their lives.\n\nJesus is not in the business of saving us from this guilt\nfeeling.  Jesus is in the business of showing us how much he\nloves us despite our guilt.  Jesus knows we are guilty.  That\nisn\'t new to him.  It is no big deal to him. He just wants you to realize \nthat this sinful nature destroys the relationship between you and him.\nThat is what he wants you to know.  Why, because he wants to \nhave your company.  You are immensely valuable to him.\nJesus wants a relationship with you, however, in our present\nsinful nature, we are incapable of having this relationship.  \n\nGod is perfect.  We are not.  You cannot fit a square peg into\na round hole.  However, God has provided a way for us to\nchange our nature so that we can have a relationship with him.\nGod has provided Jesus, so that whosoever just believes in\nJesus, will have their nature changed.  The Holy Spirit will\nmove it.  And now divine nature is now within lives our very\nbeing--and us and God communicate with each through his\nunifying Holy Spirit.  The benefits of this are endless.  For\nwith the divine nature living within us, we can now see\nour imperfections better.  We can now head them off at the pass.  With\nthe power of the Holy Spirit living in us, we now have his power\nto help us overcome our shortcomings.   Because the divine nature lives \nwithin us, we can now understand profound Bible passages that never before\nwe could understand.  Because the divine nature now lives within us, we now \nhave authority over demonic forces.  And lastly, because the divine \nnature now lives within us, we have eternal life--for the Holy Spirit\nis eternal.\n\nThe relationship with Jesus is of the utmost importance.  Because\nit is not what you do in life that qualifies you to belong to\nheavenly kingdom, it is your relationship to the living God.\nRemember what Jesus said at the tail end of Matthew when he\nseparated the "goats from the sheep".   Many people in the\nlast day will ask him, "Didn\'t I prophesy in your name and do\nmiracles, and do good things in your name?"   And what did Jesus say?\n"Depart from me, for I never *knew* you."  That is the cornerstone of \nChristianity, Kent.  Jesus must know you as his friend.  It is your \nrelationship to Jesus.  If he is your friend and you are his, you will\nbe counted among those who will share in his inheritance in heaven.  \n\n> Brian, I will tell you a secret, I don\'t feel guilty at all,\n> I do mistakes, and I regret them, however I\'ve never had this\n> huge guilt feeling hanging over my shoulder.\n\nGood.  It shows that you have a strong self-image--that you\nlove yourself.  That is the second greatest commandment Jesus\ntaught.  If only more people could do as you do.   As I said before, \nin the common english venacular, "feeling guilty" has a\ndifferent meaning than the state of guilt.\n\n> This all is a very clear indication that you need a certain\n> personality type in order to believe and adjust to certain\n> religious doctrines. And if your personality type is \n> opposite, then you are not that easily attached to a certain\n> world view system.\n\nI believe what we all need in our personalities is a lot less ego,\na lot less self-centeredness, and a lot more unconditional love.\n\n> There are humans that subscribe to the same notion. The nice\n> thing is that when you finally shake off this huge burden,\n> the shoulders feel far more relaxed!\n\nYes.  You have stated what Jesus said.  Remember?  "Come to me,\ntake my yoke upon your shoulders, for my burden is light."  A yoke\nis used to direct oxen to do work.  Once you have a relationship with \nJesus, you and him share the yoke and the burdens of life.  Having \nGod at your side is of great advantage.\n',
  u'From: jmeritt@mental.mitre.org\nSubject: Rawlins has been listening to the Devil\nOrganization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway\nLines: 5\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu\n\nGod ItSelf appeared to me and spoke to me, saying "Rawlins has been listening to\na deamon, and has been taken in by its satanic words!"\n\nNow, how we tell which divine inspiration comes from the One True God and which\ncomes from a satanic trickster?\n',
  u'Organization: City University of New York\nFrom: <KEVXU@CUNYVM.BITNET>\nSubject:    re: ABORTION and private health insurance\nLines: 22\n\n>In <1qid8s$ik0@agate.berkeley.edu> dzkriz@ocf.berkeley.edu (Dennis Kriz)\nwrites:\n\n  >I recently have become aware that my health insurance includes\n  >coverage for abortion.  I strongly oppose abortion for reasons of\n  >conscience.  It disturbs me deeply to know that my premiums may\n  >be being used to pay for that which I sincerely believe is\n  >murder.  I would like to request that I be exempted from abortion\n  >coverage with my health premiums reduced accordingly.\n\nI share Dennis\'s outrage over a similar manner.  I have recently become aware\nthat my health insurance includes coverage for illness and injuries\nsuffered by Christians.  It disturbs me deeply to know that my premiums\nmay be used to pay for that which I sincerely believe is divine\npunishment for their sinful conduct.  In addition these folks are able to\navail themselves of such alternative therapies as Lourdes, Fatima,\nMorris Cerullo, Benny Hinn, etc.  In any case as "Jesus Saves\' I feel\nthat there is no reason for them to be covering their bets at my\nexpense.  I would like to request that I be exempted from Christian\ncoverage with my health premiums reduced accordingly.\n\nJack Carroll\n',
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 30\nDistribution: na\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <C5uzpE.18p@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu> bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes:\n\n>What offends you is that I have exposed the distortions and\n>misrepresentations of Christianity you contrive and then rail against,\n>(which seems more like the classical strawman dodge than what I said)\n>This leaves you with nothing but to attack but me. As usual, you\n>avoid the larger issues by picking away at the insignificant stuff, why not\n>find one particular thing in my post that we can discuss, or can you\n>even tell me what the issues are?\n\n\tLet me guess: you\'re not a psycho-analyst in real life, but you play \none on alt.atheism. Right?\n\n\n\tIs ESP something you have been given by God?\n---\n\nPrivate note to Jennifer Fakult.\n\n        "This post may contain one or more of the following:\n         sarcasm, cycnicism, irony, or humor. Please be aware \n         of this possibility and do not allow yourself to be \n         confused and/or thrown for a loop. If in doubt, assume\n         all of the above.\n         \n         The owners of this account do not take any responsiblity\n         for your own confusion which may result from your inability\n         to recognize any of the above. Read at your own risk, Jennifer."\n\n\n',
  u'Subject: Re: Virtual Reality for X on the CHEAP!\nFrom: tpot@ironbark (Tim Potter)\nDistribution: inet\nOrganization: University College of Northern Victoria (Bendigo)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ironbark.ucnv.edu.au\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL3\nLines: 27\n\npeter@gort.trl.OZ.AU (Peter K. Campbell) writes:\n: ridout@bink.plk.af.mil (Brian S.  Ridout) writes:\n: \n: >In article <1993Apr15.134802.21995@mfltd.co.uk>, sts@mfltd.co.uk (Steve Sherwood (x5543)) writes:\n: >|> Has anyone got multiverse to work ?\n: >|>          Extn 5543, sts@mfltd.co.uk, !uunet!mfocus!sts\n: \n: I\'ve tried compiling it on several SPARCstations with gcc 2.22.  After\n: fixing up a few bugs (3 missing constant definitions plus a couple of\n: other things) I got it to compile & link, but after starting client\n: & server I just get a black window; sometimes the client core dumps,\n: sometimes the server, sometimes I get a broken pipe, sometimes it\n: just sits there doing nothing although I occassionally get the\n: cursor to become a cross-hair in dog-fight, but that\'s it.  I\'ve\n: sent word to the author plus what I did to fix it last week, but\n: no reply as yet.\n: \n: Peter K. Campbell\n: p.campbell@trl.oz.au\n\nI\'ve discovered a bug in the libraries/parser/parser.c loadcolour function where it was generating a segmentation fault.  It appears the colourList[] is geting corrupted somehow.  I had it return random colours instead and everything worked great (except for a few colour problems) so I know its the only thing wrong.\n\nThe colour table somehow gets a couple of nulls placed in it so when the "name" of the colours are compared it crashes.  I haven\'t found the problem yet maybe someone else can.\n--\nAdrian Turner\nUniversity College of Northern Victoria\nturner@ironbark.ucnv.edu.au\n',
  u"From: pww@spacsun.rice.edu (Peter Walker)\nSubject: Re: Christian Morality is\nOrganization: I didn't do it, nobody saw me, you can't prove a thing.\nLines: 47\n\nIn article <4963@eastman.UUCP>, dps@nasa.kodak.com (Dan Schaertel,,,)\nwrote:\n> \n> \n> The life , death, and resurection of Christ is documented historical fact. \n\nNot by any standard of history I've seen. Care to back this up, sans the\nlies apologists are so fond of?\n\n> However all the major events of the life\n> of Jesus Christ were fortold hundreds of years before him.  Neat trick uh?\n\nNot really. Most of the prophesies aren't even prophesies. They're prayers\nand comments taken from the Torah quite out of context. Seems Xians started\nlying right from the beginning.\n\n> \n> There is no way to get into a sceptical heart.  You can not say you have given a \n> sincere effort with the attitude you seem to have.\n\nMy we're an arrogant ass, aren't we?\n\n> You must TRUST, not just go \n> to church and participate in it's activities. \n\nYou're wrong to think we haven't. The trust was in something that doesn't\nexist.\n\n> Were you ever willing to die for what\n> you believed?  \n\nI'm still willing to die for what I believe and don't believe. So were the\nloonies in Waco. So what? \n\nBesides, the point's not to die for what one believes in. The point's to\nmake that other sorry son-of-a-bitch to die for what *he* believes in!   :)\n\nDoesn't anyone else here get tired of these cretins' tirades?\n\nPeter the Damed, and damned proud of it!\n\nDon't forget to sing:\n            They say there's a heaven for those who will wait\n                Some say it's better, but I say it ain't\n        I'd rather laugh with the sinners than cry with the saints\n                     The sinners are much more fun\n                         Only the good die young!\n",
  u"From: daviss@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov (S.F. Davis)\nSubject: Re: Conference on Manned Lunar Exploration.  May 7  Crystal City\nOrganization: NSPC\nDistribution: na\nLines: 107\n\nIn article <1quule$5re@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n|> \n|> AW&ST  had a brief blurb on a Manned Lunar Exploration confernce\n|> May 7th  at Crystal City Virginia, under the auspices of AIAA.\n|> \n|> Does anyone know more about this?  How much, to attend????\n|> \n|> Anyone want to go?\n|> \n|> pat\n\nHere are some selected excerpts of the invitation/registration form they\nsent me. Retyped without permission, all typo's are mine.\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\nLow-Cost Lunar Access: A one-day conference to explore the means and \nbenefits of a rejuvenated human lunar program.\n\nFriday, May 7, 1993\nHyatt Regency - Crystal City Hotel\nArlington, VA\n\nABOUT THE CONFERENCE\nThe Low-Cost Lunar Access conference will be a forum for the exchange of\nideas on how to initiate and structure an affordable human lunar program.\nInherent in such low-cost programs is the principle that they be \nimplemented rapidly and meet their objectives within a short time\nframe.\n\n[more deleted]\n\nCONFERENCE PROGRAM (Preliminary)\n\nIn the Washington Room:\n\n  9:00 - 9:10 a.m.     Opening Remarks\n    Dr. Alan M. Lovelace\n\n  9:10 - 9:30 a.m.     Keynote Address\n    Mr. Brian Dailey\n\n  9:30 - 10:00 a.m.    U.S. Policy Outlook\n    John Pike, American Federation of Scientists\n\n  A discussion of the prospects for the introduction of a new low-cost\n  lunar initiative in view of the uncertain direction the space\n  program is taking.\n\n  10:00 - 12:00 noon   Morning Plenary Sessions\n\n  Presentations on architectures, systems, and operational concepts.\n  Emphasis will be on mission approaches that produce significant\n  advancements beyond Apollo yet are judged to be affordable in the\n  present era of severely constrained budgets\n\n\nIn the Potomac Room\n\n  12:00 - 1:30 p.m.    Lunch\n    Guest Speaker: Mr. John W. Young,\n    NASA Special Assistant and former astronaut\n\nIn the Washington Room\n\n  1:30 - 2:00 p.m.     International Policy Outlook\n    Ian Pryke (invited)\n    ESA, Washington Office\n\n  The prevailing situation with respect to international space \n  commitments, with insights into preconditions for European \n  entry into new agreements, as would be required for a cooperative\n  lunar program.\n\n  2:00 - 3:30 p.m.     Afternoon Plenary Sessions\n\n  Presentations on scientific objectives, benefits, and applications.\n  Emphasis will be placed on the scientific and technological value\n  of a lunar program and its timeliness.\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThere is a registration form and the fee is US$75.00. The mail address\nis \n\n     American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics\n     Dept. No. 0018\n     Washington, DC 20073-0018\n\nand the FAX No. is: \n\n     (202) 646-7508\n\nor it says you can register on-site during the AIAA annual meeting \nand on Friday morning, May 7, from 7:30-10:30\n\n\nSounds interesting. Too bad I can't go.\n\n|--------------------------------- ******** -------------------------|\n|                                 * _!!!!_ *                         |\n| Steven Davis                   * /  \\   \\ *                        |\n| daviss@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov  *  (<o><o>)  *                       |  \n|                               *  \\>_db_</  *  McDonnell Douglas    |\n|  - I don't represent           *   |vv|   *   Space Systems Company| \n|    anybody but myself. -        *  (__)  *    Houston Division     |\n|--------------------------------- ******** -------------------------|\n",
  u'From: jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger)\nSubject: Re: An Anecdote about Islam\nOrganization: Boston University Physics Department\nLines: 117\n\nIn article <16BB112949.I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de> I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau) writes:\n>In article <115287@bu.edu> jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n\n \n>>>>>A brutal system filtered through "leniency" is not lenient.\n\n\n>>>>Huh?\n\n\n>>>How do you rate public floggings or floggings at all? Chopping off the\n>>>hands, heads, or other body  parts? What about stoning?\n\n\n>>I don\'t have a problem with floggings, particularly, when the offenders\n>>have been given a chance to change their behavior before floggings are\n>>given. I do have a problem with maiming in general, by whatever means.\n>>In my opinion no-one who has not maimed another should be maimed. In\n>>the case of rape the victim _is_ maimed, physically and emotionally,\n>>so I wouldn\'t have a problem with maiming rapists. Obviously I wouldn\'t\n>>have a problem with maiming murderers either.\n\n\n>May I ask if you had the same opinion before you became a Muslim?\n\n\n\nSure. Yes, I did. You see I don\'t think that rape and murder should\nbe dealt with lightly. You, being so interested in leniency for\nleniency\'s sake, apparently think that people should simply be\ntold the "did a _bad_ thing."\n\n\n>And what about the simple chance of misjudgements?\n\nMisjudgments should be avoided as much as possible.\nI suspect that it\'s pretty unlikely that, given my requirement\nof repeated offenses, that misjudgments are very likely.\n\n \n>>>>>>"Orient" is not a place having a single character. Your ignorance\n>>>>>>exposes itself nicely here.\n\n\n>>>>>Read carefully, I have not said all the Orient shows primitive machism.\n\n\n>>>>Well then, why not use more specific words than "Orient"? Probably\n>>>>because in your mind there is no need to (it\'s all the same).\n\n\n>>>Because it contains sufficient information. While more detail is possible,\n>>>it is not necessary.\n\n\n>>And Europe shows civilized bullshit. This is bullshit. Time to put out\n>>or shut up. You\'ve substantiated nothing and are blabbering on like\n>>"Islamists" who talk about the West as the "Great Satan." You\'re both\n>>guilty of stupidities.\n\n\n>I just love to compare such lines to the common plea of your fellow believers\n>not to call each others names. In this case, to substantiate it: The Quran\n>allows that one beATs one\'s wife into submission. \n\n\nReally? Care to give chapter and verse? We could discuss it.\n\n\n>Primitive Machism refers to\n>that. (I have misspelt that before, my fault).\n \n\nAgain, not all of the Orient follows the Qur\'an. So you\'ll have to do\nbetter than that.\n\n\nSorry, you haven\'t "put out" enough.\n\n \n>>>Islam expresses extramarital sex. Extramarital sex is a subset of sex. It is\n>>>suppressedin Islam. That marial sexis  allowed or encouraged in Islam, as\n>>>it is in many branches of Christianity, too, misses the point.\n\n>>>Read the part about the urge for sex again. Religions that run around telling\n>>>people how to have sex are not my piece of cake for two reasons: Suppressing\n>>>a strong urge needs  strong measures, and it is not their business anyway.\n\n>>Believe what you wish. I thought you were trying to make an argument.\n>>All I am reading are opinions.\n \n>It is an argument. That you doubt the validity of the premises does not change\n>it. If you want to criticize it, do so. Time for you to put up or shut up.\n\n\n\nThis is an argument for why _you_ don\'t like religions that suppress\nsex. A such it\'s an irrelevant argument.\n\nIf you\'d like to generalize it to an objective statement then \nfine. My response is then: you have given no reason for your statement\nthat sex is not the business of religion (one of your "arguments").\n\nThe urge for sex in adolescents is not so strong that any overly strong\nmeasures are required to suppress it. If the urge to have sex is so\nstrong in an adult then that adult can make a commensurate effort to\nfind a marriage partner.\n\n\n\nGregg\n\n\n\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: Biblical Rape\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 14\n\nIn article <1993Apr05.174537.14962@watson.ibm.com>\nstrom@Watson.Ibm.Com (Rob Strom) writes:\n \n>\n>In article <16BA7F16C.I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de>, I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau) writes:\n>\n>I didn\'t have time to read the rest of the posting, but\n>I had to respond to this.\n>\n>I am absolutely NOT a "Messianic Jew".\n>\n \nAnother mistake. Sorry, I should have read alt.,messianic more carefully.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u' zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!wupost!uunet!olivea!sgigate!odin!fido!solntze.wpd.sgi.com!livesey\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nFrom: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nOrganization: sgi\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\nLines: 28\n\nIn article <1pi8h5INNq40@gap.caltech.edu>, keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n|> (reference line trimmed)\n|> \n|> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> \n|> [...]\n|> \n|> >There is a good deal more confusion here.   You started off with the \n|> >assertion that there was some "objective" morality, and as you admit\n|> >here, you finished up with a recursive definition.   Murder is \n|> >"objectively" immoral, but eactly what is murder and what is not itself\n|> >requires an appeal to morality.\n|> \n|> Yes.\n|> \n|> >Now you have switch targets a little, but only a little.   Now you are\n|> >asking what is the "goal"?   What do you mean by "goal?".   Are you\n|> >suggesting that there is some "objective" "goal" out there somewhere,\n|> >and we form our morals to achieve it?\n|> \n|> Well, for example, the goal of "natural" morality is the survival and\n|> propogation of the species. \n\n\nI got just this far.   What do you mean by "goal"?    I hope you\ndon\'t mean to imply that evolution has a conscious "goal".\n\njon.\n',
  u'From: weston@ucssun1.sdsu.edu (weston t)\nSubject: graphical representation of vector-valued functions\nOrganization: SDSU Computing Services\nLines: 13\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ucssun1.sdsu.edu\n\ngnuplot, etc. make it easy to plot real valued functions of 2 variables\nbut I want to plot functions whose values are 2-vectors. I have been \ndoing this by plotting arrays of arrows (complete with arrowheads) but\nbefore going further, I thought I would ask whether someone has already\ndone the work. Any pointers??\n\nthanx in advance\n\n\nTom Weston                    | USENET: weston@ucssun1.sdsu.edu\nDepartment of Philosophy      | (619) 594-6218 (office)\nSan Diego State Univ.         | (619) 575-7477 (home)\nSan Diego, CA 92182-0303      | \n',
  u"From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Lunar Colony Race! By 2005 or 2010?\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr20.234427.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 27\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nOkay here is what I have so far:\n\nHave a group (any size, preferibly small, but?) send a human being to the moon,\nset up a habitate and have the human(s) spend one earth year on the moon. Does\nthat mean no resupply or ?? \n\nNeed to find atleast $1billion for prize money.\n\nContest open to different classes of participants.\n\nNew Mexico State has semi-challenged University of Alaska (any branch) to put a\nteam together and to do it..\nAny other University/College/Institute of Higher Learning wish to make a\ncounter challenge or challenge another school? Say it here.\n\nI like the idea of having atleast a russian team.\n\n\nSome prefer using new technology, others old or ..\n\nThe basic idea of the New Moon Race is like the Solar Car Race acrossed\nAustralia.. Atleast in that basic vein of endevour..\n\nAny other suggestions?\n\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I'm not high, just jacked\n",
  u'From: lovall@bohr.physics.purdue.edu (Daniel L. Lovall)\nSubject: Re: Cannibalism was Albert Sabin\nOrganization: Purdue University Physics Department\nLines: 49\n\nIn article <zxmkr08.733955549@studserv> zxmkr08@studserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de (C\nornelius Krasel) writes:\n>In <f1q4yUc@quack.kfu.com> pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey) writes:\n>\n>>In article <1pk2d0$7q1@access.digex.net>\n>>huston@access.digex.com (Herb Huston) writes:\n>>>In article <f1n#0EP@quack.kfu.com> pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey) writes\n:\n>>>}Do you have any examples of ritual cannibalism, particulary amongst the\n>>>}primates?\n>>>Why the "ritual" qualifier?\n>\n>>I was thinking of instances were a particular food or foods or drinks\n>>are used to symbolize or ritualize cannibalism. Do you know of any human\n>>cultures that have this type of mythology? For example, where one might\n>>eat a food as representative of the body of a god, thus ritualized\n>>cannibalism in the absence of the original.\n>\n>I know of ritual cannibalism among tribes in Papua-Neuguinea (?).\n>They used to eat the brain of killed opponents. Sometimes these brains\n>contained infectious agents which lead to a disease called "Kuru".\n>Since cannibalism was banished by the government, the number of Kuru\n>cases has dropped sharply.\n>\nOh, yeah?  Well---*I* know of ....\n\nAnyways, cannibalism is much more commmon than those who feel that it is wrong\n(and then point out that the fact that western civilisation doesn\'t do it is\nPROOF positive that we are more advanced) would have us believe.  Cannibalism\nis often used in funeral ceremonies as a way of keeping the deceased loved one\nalive.  Many other cultures (including many American Indian cultures) eat/ate\nthe flesh of slain enemies, often as a way of showing respect for the valor of\nthe departed.  Hearts are often favored for this, as it contains the spirit.\n\nHave you ever read or seen "Alive", which is the story of the Argentinian boys\nsoccer team that crashed in the Andes and then ate the bodies of those who died\nin order to survive?  Finger lickin good.  How about the Twighlight Zone\nepisode "To Serve Man"?\n\nIf you want more info on this, a good place to start is on sci.anthropology\n\nNow send me $20 and eat my flesh,\n\nDan\nlovall@physics.purdue.edu\n\n\n\n\n',
  u"From: goldm@rpi.edu (Mitchell E. Gold)\nSubject: Re: New Religion Forming -- Sign Up\nIn-Reply-To: weinss@rs6101.ecs.rpi.edu's message of Thu, 22 Apr 1993 00:08:06 GMT\nNntp-Posting-Host: sage4a.its.rpi.edu\nOrganization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute\nLines: 1\n\n*yawn* The Church of Kibology did it first and better.\n",
  u'From: abdkw@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov (David Ward)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1  \nOrganization: Goddard Space Flight Center - Robotics Lab\nLines: 38\n\nIn article <1rs8hlINN8he@gap.caltech.edu>, palmer@cco.caltech.edu (David M. Palmer) writes...\n>  \n>You may want to put Hubble back in the payload bay for a reboost,\n>and you don\'t want to clip off the panels each time.\n\nThe "artist renderings" that I\'ve seen of the HST reboost still have\nthe arrays fully extended, with a cradle holding HST at a ~30 degree\nangle to the Shuttle.  I think the rendering was conceived before the\narray replacemnet was approved, so I\'m not sure if the current reboost\nwill occur with the arrays deployed or not.  However, it doesn\'t \nappear that an array retraction was necessary for reboost.\n> \n>For the Gamma-Ray Observatory, one of the design requirements was that\n>there be no stored-energy mecahnisms (springs, explosive squibs, gas shocks,\n>etc.) used for deployment.  This was partially so that everything could\n>be reeled back in to put it back in the payload bay, and partially for\n>safety considerations.  (I\'ve heard that the wings on a cruise missile\n>would cut you in half if you were standing in their swath when they opened.)\n> \n\nThanks for the input on GRO\'s S/A design constraints.  That would \nexplain the similar design on UARS.\n\n>Back when the shuttle would be going up every other day with a cost to\n>orbit of $3.95 per pound :-), everybody designed things for easy servicing.\n> \n\nHeck, the MMS project used to design _missions_ with servicing in mind.\nThe XTE spacecraft was originally designed as an on-orbit replacement\nfor the instrument module on EUVE.  That way, you get two instruments\nfor the price of one spacecraft bus (the Explorer Platform).  A \nsecond on-orbit replacement was also considered, with the FUSE telescope.\n\n>-- \n>\t\tDavid M. Palmer\t\tpalmer@alumni.caltech.edu\n>\t\t\t\t\tpalmer@tgrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\n\nDavid W. @ GSFC\n',
  u'From: lazio@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu (T. Joseph Lazio)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters.  WHere  are they.\nOrganization: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University\nLines: 29\n\t<1rgvjsINNbhq@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU>\nReply-To: lazio@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: seti.tn.cornell.edu\nSummary: Galaxy is transparent.\nKeywords: Galaxy - gamma rays\nIn-reply-to: jfc@athena.mit.edu\'s message of 26 Apr 1993 15:37:32 GMT\n\n>>>>> On 26 Apr 1993 15:37:32 GMT, jfc@athena.mit.edu (John F Carr) said:\n\njfc> If gamma ray bursters are extragalactic, would absorption from the\njfc> galaxy be expected?  How transparent is the galactic core to gamma\njfc> rays?\n\nand later...\n>>>>> Jim Batka ( JBATKA@DESIRE.WRIGHT.EDU ) said\n\nJB> So, if the 1/r^2 law is incorrect (assume\nJB> some unknown material [dark matter??] inhibits Gamma Ray propagation),\nJB> could it be possible that we are actually seeing much less energetic\nJB> events happening much closer to us?  The even distribution could\nJB> be caused by the characteristic propagation distance of gamma rays \nJB> being shorter then 1/2 the thickness of the disk of the galaxy.\n\n\n 0.\n\n Well, maybe not zero, but very little.  At the typical energies for \n gamma rays, the Galaxy is effectively transparent. \n\n Hans Bloemen had a review article in Ann. Rev. Astr. Astrophys. a few \n years back in which he discusses this in more depth.\n--\n                         | e-mail: lazio@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu\n   T. Joseph Lazio       | phone:  (607) 255-6420\n                         | ICBM:   42 deg. 20\' 08" N  76 deg. 28\' 48" W\nCornell knows I exist?!? |       STOP RAPE\n',
  u"From: mmadsen@bonnie.ics.uci.edu (Matt Madsen)\nSubject: Re: Please Recommend 3D Graphics Library For Mac.\nNntp-Posting-Host: bonnie.ics.uci.edu\nReply-To: mmadsen@ics.uci.edu (Matt Madsen)\nOrganization: Univ. of Calif., Irvine, Info. & Computer Sci. Dept.\nLines: 27\n\nRobert G. Carpenter writes:\n\n>Hi Netters,\n>\n>I'm building a CAD package and need a 3D graphics library that can handle\n>some rudimentry tasks, such as hidden line removal, shading, animation, etc.\n>\n>Can you please offer some recommendations?\n>\n>I'll also need contact info (name, address, email...) if you can find it.\n>\n>Thanks\n>\n>(Please Post Your Responses, in case others have same need)\n>\n>Bob Carpenter\n>\n\nI too would like a 3D graphics library!  How much do C libraries cost\nanyway?  Can you get the tools used by, say, RenderMan, and can you get\nthem at a reasonable cost?\n\nSorry that I don't have any answers, just questions...\n\nMatt Madsen\nmmadsen@ics.uci.edu\n\n",
  u"From: sloan@cis.uab.edu (Kenneth Sloan)\nSubject: Re: More gray levels out of the screen\nOrganization: CIS, University of Alabama at Birmingham\nLines: 22\n\nIn article <C51C4r.BtG@csc.ti.com> rowlands@hc.ti.com (Jon Rowlands) writes:\n>\n>A few years ago a friend and I took some 256 grey-level photos from\n>a 1 bit Mac Plus screen using this method. Displaying all 256 levels\n>synchronized to the 60Hz display took about 10 seconds.\n\nWhy didn't you create 8 grey-level images, and display them for\n1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128... time slices?\n\nThis requires the same total exposure time, and the same precision in\ntiming, but drastically reduces the image-preparation time, no?\n\n\n\n\n\n\n-- \nKenneth Sloan                   Computer and Information Sciences\nsloan@cis.uab.edu               University of Alabama at Birmingham\n(205) 934-2213                  115A Campbell Hall, UAB Station \n(205) 934-5473 FAX              Birmingham, AL 35294-1170\n",
  u'From: healta@saturn.wwc.edu (Tammy R Healy)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nLines: 34\nOrganization: Walla Walla College\nDistribution: na\nLines: 34\n\nIn article <11810@vice.ICO.TEK.COM> bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n>From: bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine)\n>Subject: Re: free moral agency\n>Date: 14 Apr 93 21:41:31 GMT\n>In article <healta.133.734810202@saturn.wwc.edu> healta@saturn.wwc.edu (TAMMY R HEALY) writes:\n>>>\n>>In the Old testement, Satan is RARELY mentioned, if at all. \n>\n>\n>  Huh?  Doesn\'t the SDA Bible contain the book of Job?\n>\n>>This is why there is suffering in the world, we are caught inthe crossfire. \n>>and sometimes, innocents as well as teh guilty get hurt.\n>>That\'s my opinion and I hope I cleared up a few things.\n>>\n>\n>  Seems like your omnipotent and omniscient god has "got some\n>  \'splainin\' to do" then.  Or did he just create Satan for shits and\n>  giggles?\n>\n>/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\ \n>\n>Bob Beauchaine bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM \n>\n>They said that Queens could stay, they blew the Bronx away,\n>and sank Manhattan out at sea.\n>\n>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nI didn\'t say it NEVER mentioned Satan, I said it RARELY, if at all.  Please \nexcuse me for my lack of perfect memory or omnipotence.\n\nTammy\nP.S I\'m soory if I sound cranky.  I apoplogize now before anyone\'s feelings \nget hurt.\n',
  u"Organization: Penn State University\nFrom: Andrew Newell <TAN102@psuvm.psu.edu>\nSubject: Re: Christian Morality is\n <C5prCA.590@news.cso.uiuc.edu>\nLines: 32\n\nIn article <C5prCA.590@news.cso.uiuc.edu>, cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb)\nsays:\n>\n>In <11836@vice.ICO.TEK.COM> bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n>\n>>In article <C5L1Ey.Jts@news.cso.uiuc.edu> cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike\n>Cobb) writes:\n>\n>>  If I'm wrong, god is free at any time to correct my mistake.  That\n>>  he continues not to do so, while supposedly proclaiming his\n>>  undying love for my eternal soul, speaks volumes.\n>\n>What are the volumes that it speaks besides the fact that he leaves your\n>choices up to you?\n\nLeaves the choices up to us but gives us no better reason\nto believe than an odd story of his alleged son getting\nkilled for us?  And little new in the past few thousand\nyears, leaving us with only the texts passed down through\ncenturies of meddling with the meaning and even wording.\n...most of this passing down and interpretation of course\ncoming from those who have a vested interest in not allowing\nthe possibility that it might not be the ultimate truth.\nWhat about maybe talking to us directly, eh?\nHe's a big god, right?  He ought to be able to make time\nfor the creations he loves so much...at least enough to\ngive us each a few words of direct conversation.\nWhat, he's too busy to get around to all of us?\nOr maybe a few unquestionably-miraculous works here and\nthere?\n...speaks volumes upon volumes to me that I've never\ngotten a chance to meet the guy and chat with him.\n",
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 29\n\nIn article <C5qt5p.Mvo@blaze.cs.jhu.edu>, arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu\n(Ken Arromdee) wrote:\n> \n> In article <115694@bu.edu> jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n> >I think many reading this group would also benefit by knowing how\n> >deviant the view _as I\'ve articulated it above_ (which may not be\n> >the true view of Khomeini) is from the basic principles of Islam. \n> \n> From the point ov view of an atheist, I see you claim Khomeini wasn\'t\n> practicing true Islam.  But I\'m sure that he would have said the same about\n> you.  How am I, a member of neither group, supposed to be able to tell which\n> one of you two is really a true Muslim?\n\nFred Rice answered this already in an early posting:\n"The problem with your argument is that you do not _know_ who is a _real_\nbeliever and who may be "faking it".  This is something known only by\nthe person him/herself (and God).  Your assumption that anyone who\n_claims_ to be a "believer" _is_ a "believer" is not necessarily true."\n\nIn other words it seems that nobody could define who is a true and\nfalse Muslim. We are back to square one, Khomeini and Hussein are \nstill innocent and can\'t be defined as evil or good Islamic \nworshippers.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u'From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Moon Colony Prize Race! $6 billion total?\nLines: 26\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\n\nI think if there is to be a prize and such.. There should be "classes"\nsuch as the following:\n\nLarge Corp.\nSmall Corp/Company (based on reported earnings?)\nLarge Government (GNP and such)\nSmall Governemtn (or political clout or GNP?)\nLarge Organization (Planetary Society? and such?)\nSmall Organization (Alot of small orgs..)\n\nThe organization things would probably have to be non-profit or liek ??\n\nOf course this means the prize might go up. Larger get more or ??\nBasically make the prize (total purse) $6 billion, divided amngst the class\nwinners..\nMore fair?\n\nThere would have to be a seperate organization set up to monitor the events,\numpire and such and watch for safety violations (or maybe not, if peopel want\nto risk thier own lives let them do it?).\n\nAny other ideas??\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n\n\n',
  u"From: bernard@cs.su.oz.au (Bernard Gardner)\nSubject: Re: Fast polygon routine needed\nOrganization: Basser Department of Computer Science\nKeywords: polygon, needed\nLines: 10\n\nFor some reason I never saw the original post on this thread, but if you are\nlooking for fast polygon routines on vga on a PC, you really can't go past\nthe mode X stuff from Dr Dobbs. This code is all p.domain (as far as I know),\nand in the original articles, the routines were all presented as dumb vga\nroutines, and then optimised to modeX with some interesting discussion along\nthe way.\nIf you are interested, I could find out more details of the issues in question,\n(I have them at home).\n\nBernard.\n",
  u"From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Level 5?\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 13\n\n\nNick Haines sez;\n>(given that I've heard the Shuttle software rated as Level 5 in\n>maturity, I strongly doubt that this [having lots of bugs] is the case).\n\nLevel 5?  Out of how many?  What are the different levels?  I've never\nheard of this rating system.  Anyone care to clue me in?\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u"From: katkere@krusty.eecs.umich.edu (Arun Katkere)\nSubject: Re: cylinder and ray\nReply-To: katkere@engin.umich.edu\nOrganization: University of Michigan EECS Dept., Ann Arbor, MI\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <1qc1fgINNbv4@darkstar.UCSC.EDU>, koehler@secs.ucsc.edu writes:\n|> I would be most thrilled if some kind person could help me with the following\n|> Given a cylinder in 3D -defined as a line segment between two points and\n|> a radius (e.g. Sx,Sy,Sz to Ex,Ey,Ez and r), what is the easiest (and not\n|> too expensive) way to find if a ray -defined as another line through two\n|> points -cuts through this cylinder and if so where? \n\n|> I think the test for touching is rather simple: if the closest approach\n|> of the two lines is less than r, then the ray does penetrate the cylinder.\n\nNope, this won't work for a cylinder. You can have a line arbitrarily close\nto the the cylinder backbone, and yet not intersect it. The test works for a\npillbox, though. (a cylinder with two hemispheres attached at the ends.)\n\n|> Thanks,\n|> \tRyan \t(koehler@secs.ucsc.edu)\n\n-arun\n-- \n",
  u'From: bcash@crchh410.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Brian Cash)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nNntp-Posting-Host: crchh410\nOrganization: BNR, Inc.\nLines: 24\n\nIn article <house.734841689@helios>, house@helios.usq.EDU.AU (ron house) writes:\n|> marshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu (Kevin Marshall) writes:\n|> \n|> >healta@saturn.wwc.edu (TAMMY R HEALY) writes:\n|> \n|> >>     you might think "oh yeah. then why didn\'t god destroy it in the bud \n|> >>before it got to the point it is now--with millions through the \n|> >>ages suffering along in life?"\n|> >>      the only answer i know is that satan made the claim that his way was \n|> >>better than God\'s.  God is allowing satan the chance to prove that his way \n|> >>is better than God\'s.  we all know what that has brought.     \n|> \n|> >Come on!  God is allowing the wishes of one individual to supercede the\n|> >well-being of billions?  I seriously doubt it.  Having read the Bible\n|> >twice, I never got the impression that God and Satan were working in some\n|> >sort of cooperative arrangement.\n|> \n|> Read the book of Job.\n|> \n\nOh, that was just a bet.\n\n\nBrian /-|-\\  \n',
  u'From: rmalayte@grumpy.helios.nd.edu (ryan malayter)\nSubject: GeoSphere Image\nOrganization: University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame\nLines: 29\n\nArticle 31 of alt.graphics:\nNewsgroups: alt.graphics\nPath: news.nd.edu!moliere!rmalayte\nFrom: rmalayte@moliere.helios.nd.edu (ryan malayter)\nSubject: GeoSphere images via ftp?\nMessage-ID: <1993Apr26.213648.26856@news.nd.edu>\nSender: news@news.nd.edu (USENET News System)\nOrganization: University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame\nDate: Mon, 26 Apr 1993 21:36:48 GMT\n\nDoes anyone know if a digitized version of the GeoSphere image is\navailable via ftp?  For those of you who don\'t know, it is a composite\nphotograph of the entire earth, with cloudcover removed.  I just think\nit\'s really cool.  It was created with government funds and sattelites\nas a research project, so I would assume it\'s in the public domain.\n\nThanks for any info,\n\tRyan\n\n\n||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n||"College men get smashed and break something,           ||   --     ---   ||\n|| College women get smashed and get broken."             ||    |\\     |    ||\n||       -Robin Wilson              ======================|| ------------\\  ||\n||        President,                ||Ryan P. Malayter    ||  | |   \\  |  | ||\n||        Chico State University    ||332 Stanford Hall   || ------------/  ||\n||==================================||Notre Dame, IN 46556||    |     \\|    ||\n|| N.D. Dept. of Physics/Comp. Sci. ||>>>malayter@nd.edu<<||   ---     --   ||\n||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n',
  u"From: tw2@irz.inf.tu-dresden.de (Thomas Wolf)\nSubject: Q: TIFF description\nOrganization: Dept. of Computer Science, TU Dresden, Germany\nLines: 13\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: irz205.inf.tu-dresden.de\nKeywords: TIFF\n\nSorry for wasting your time with a probably simple question, but I'm not\nan computer graphic expert. I want to read TIFF-Files with a PASCAL-program.\nThe problem is, that the files I want to read are in compressed form \n( code 1, e.g. Huffman ). All books & articles I found describe only the\nplain (uncompressed) format. I don't know where to get the original\nTIFF specification, furthermore I haven't any access to a realy complete\nlibrary. Can anybody direct me to a good book or (even better) to an \nspecification available via ftp ?\n\nThanks in advance - Thomas Wolf\n\nps: direct mail would be prefered\n\n",
  u'From: jtk@s1.gov (Jordin Kare)\nSubject: Re: Inflatable Mile-Long Space Billboards (was Re: Vandalizing the sky.)\nOrganization: LLNL\nLines: 96\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: s1.gov\n\nyamauchi@ces.cwru.edu (Brian Yamauchi) writes:\n>enzo@research.canon.oz.au (Enzo Liguori) writes:\n>>WHAT\'S NEW (in my opinion), Friday, 16 April 1993  Washington, DC\n>\n>>Now, Space Marketing\n>>is working with University of Colorado and Livermore engineers on\n>>a plan to place a mile-long inflatable billboard in low-earth\n>>orbit.\n>\n>This sounds like something Lowell Wood would think of.  Does anyone\n>know if he\'s involved?\n\nNo.  The idea was suggested around here during discussions of possible\nnear-term commercial space activities.  One of the folks involved in those\ndiscussions, a\nspacecraft engineer named Preston Carter, passed the suggestion on to \nsome entreprenurial types, and Mike Lawson is apparently going ahead with\nit.  Preston is now at LLNL, and is working with Space Marketing on \nthe sensors that might be carried.\n>\n>>NASA would provide contractual launch services. However,\n>>since NASA bases its charge on seriously flawed cost estimates\n>>(WN 26 Mar 93) the taxpayers would bear most of the expense. \n\nActually, that sounds unlikely.  I don\'t know what the launch vehicle\nwould be, but I would expect it to go on a commercial launcher --\ncertainly not on the Shuttle -- and the fraction of the cost paid to NASA\nfor, e.g.,  launch support would probably \ncover NASA\'s incremental costs pretty well.\n\n>>This\n>>may look like environmental vandalism, but Mike Lawson, CEO of\n>>Space Marketing, told us yesterday that the real purpose of the\n>>project is to help the environment! The platform will carry ozone\n>>monitors he explained--advertising is just to help defray costs.\n>\n>This may be the purpose for the University of Colorado people.  My\n>guess is that the purpose for the Livermore people is to learn how to\n>build large, inflatable space structures.\n\nNo, as noted, LLNL is involved in lightweight sensor design, per \nClementine and related programs.  I\'m sure folks around here would like to \nsee a demonstration of a modern inflatable structure, but after all, \nthe U.S. did the Echo satellites long ago, and an advertising structure\nwould not be much closer to an inflatable space station than Echo was\n(or a parade balloon, for that matter).\n>\n>>..........\n>>What do you think of this revolting and hideous attempt to vandalize\n>>the night sky? It is not even April 1 anymore.\n\nWhile I happen to personally dislike the idea, mostly because I\'ve got\na background in astronomy, it\'s hardly vandalism -- it would be a short-lived\nintrusion on the night sky, doing no permanent damage and actually hurting\nonly a small subset of astronomers.  On the other hand, it would certainly\ndraw attention to space.   \n>\n>If this is true, I think it\'s a great idea.\n>\n>Learning how to build structures in space in an essential\n>step towards space development...\n\nWhich, unfortunately, this is not likely to contribute much to.\n\n>If such a project also monitors ozone depletion and demonstrates\n>creative use of (partial) private sector funding in the process -- so\n>much the better.\n>\n>>Is NASA really supporting this junk?\n\nAs far as I know, it\'s a purely commercial venture.\n>\n>And does anyone have any more details other than what was in the WN\n>news blip?  How serious is this project?  Is this just in the "wild\n>idea" stage or does it have real funding?\n\nI gather it is being very seriously discussed with possible advertisers.\nCommercial projects, however, generally don\'t get "funding" -- they\nget "customers" -- whether it will have customers remains to be seen.\n>\n>>Are protesting groups being organized in the States?\n>\n>Not yet.  Though, if this project goes through, I suppose The Return\n>of Jeremy Rifkin is inevitable...\n\nNahh.  He\'s too busy watching for mutant bacteria to notice anything in\nthe sky :-)\n\n>\n>Brian Yamauchi\t\t\tCase Western Reserve University\n>yamauchi@alpha.ces.cwru.edu\tDepartment of Computer Engineering and Science\n\nJordin Kare\tjtk@s1.gov\tLawrence Livermore National Laboratory\n\n[These are my personal views only and do not represent official statements\nor positions of LLNL, the University of California, or the U.S. DOE.]\n',
  u'From: mls@panix.com (Michael Siemon)\nSubject: commandments I (the basics)\nOrganization: PANIX Public Access Unix, NYC\nLines: 205\n\nWhy should anyone (check: let\'s restrict this to Christians, why do *we*)\nwant to find "commandments" in the books regarded as scripture?  What\'s\ngoing on? I will pass on psychologizing answers (whether dismissive or more\nopen) as not the kind of issue to deal with here -- the question is what is\nthe *theological* point involved?  And it has been quoted "at" me often\nenough by those who don\'t believe I take it seriously, that Jesus (is said\nto have) said, "If you love me, you will obey my commands."  [John 14:15]\n\nI am, like any Christian, the slave of Christ, and it is my will that I\nshould do as He wills me to do.  I am (also, or instead) His younger brother,\nbut still under His direction, though we both call God "Abba."  Christians,\ntherefore, will try to find what it is that their Lord commands them, and\ndiscovering it will feel obligated to do it, or to confess their failure.\nReaders here may set aside the theologizing jargon (such as "slaves of\nChrist") -- the point is that adherents of a religion *will* read the texts\n(whether classified as "inspired" or not) that are held up as models, in an\neffort to find application to their own situations.  This practice ranges\nfrom "devotional" reading of sermons and the like to the exegesis of canon-\nical scripture as "the Word of God."  And at the highest pitch, this leads\nto a question of whether we *can* find in inspired scripture something that\ncan act as "absolute" guidance for our actions.\n\nThe problem is in finding out just *what* it is our Lord commands.  I am\ngoing to set aside for this essay one major direction in which Christians\nhave looked for these commands, namely Christian tradition.  That is not\nbecause *I* reject tradition, but because my primary audience in this essay\nis Protestants, who deny tradition a determinative value, in favor of the\nwitness of Scripture.  The question I want to deal with is, WHAT commandments\ncan we find from our Lord in Scripture?  And that turns out to be a hard\nquestion.  [ If any of my Protestant Inquisitors would *like* to turn the\ndiscussion to the authority of tradition, I can accomodate them :-), unlike\n*most* Protestants, Episcopalians admit claims from a) Scripture b) Reason\nand c) Tradition on roughly equal standing. ]\n\nEarlier in John than my quote above, we read [John 13:34] "I give you a new \ncommandment: love one another."  This is the ONLY place in the NT where\nChristians are given an explicit commandment, with the context commenting\non its imperative mode pronouncement by Jesus.  At the same meal [so we\n*readers* infer, since it is *not* in John, but in the Synoptics] Jesus\nsays, "Take this [bread]; this is my body."  [Mark 14:22, cf. Matthew 26:26,\nLuke 22:19, 1 Corinthians 11:24]  The mode is imperative (Greek _labete_),\nand hence this, too, is a "commandment."\n\nIn *both* cases we have to *infer* that the command is directed to a wider\ncircle than the immediate collocation of disciples -- because we judge the\nevangelist\'s point in mentioning it (with the disciples by then mostly or\nentirely dead) is that *we* are expected to follow this as a commandment\nfrom our Lord.  In the case of communion, Paul\'s mention (at least; this\nis probably true of the evangelists also) implies an ongoing ritual liturgy\nin which these words operate to "bind" Christians to the original command\nto his disciples, as a continuing commandment to the Christian community.\n\nI am entirely comfortable with this inference, but I *must* point out that\nit is THERE, between us and the occasion on which Jesus spoke the command.\nI take it as a clear inference, at the very least the EVANGELIST\'S notion,\nthat *all* Christians are called to love one another, in Jesus\' command\ndirected at the disciples.  But I have to call attention to the inference.\nThe command CANNOT apply to me without the generalization from the specific\ncontext of its statement to my own context as a "disciple" of Christ.\n\nAll reading of scripture has to make such inferences, to get any sense out\nof the text whatsoever.  This is a general problem in reading these texts\n-- we cannot read them at all without our *own* understanding of our native\nlanguages in which we (normally) read the (translated) texts, and without\n*some* appreciation of the original context (and at points, the original\nlanguages, when English misleads us.) I am going to presume, in what follows,\nthat we have the *general* problem of how to read scripture under control\n[ I don\'t *really* think this is true, but it will suffice for my current\npurposes. ]  I will address ONLY the issues that arise when we have already\ncoped with the understanding of a 2000 year old text from another world\nthan the one we live in.  Questions at THAT level only introduce MORE reser-\nvations about the commandments issue than will be found stipulating that we\ncan read the texts as the original audience might have done.\n\nAmong the reasons we have for seeing John\'s _agapate allelou_ as a *general*\ncommandment (not merely an instruction by Jesus to this disciples on that\none occasion), and one linking it to the Synoptic "Great Commandment" is\nthat we have criticism, from Jesus, about limiting our love to those whom\nwe congenially associate with.  In Matthew 5:43ff we read, "You have learnt\nhow it was said: \'You must love your neighbor\' and hate your enemy.  But I\nsay to you: love your enemies."  In fact, the Leviticus context quoted\ndoes NOT say \'hate your enemy\' -- it is merely the common human presumption.\n(And Leviticus is at pains to say that the "love" should extend to strangers\namongst the people of Israel.)  Luke, in expanding on this same Q context,\ngoes on to have Jesus say. "Even sinners love those who love them." [6:27]\nAll of this suggests [quite strongly, I\'d say :-)] that *limiting* the\nscope of the "new commandment" is not quite what Jesus has in mind.  In\nshort, inference *leads me* to generalizing the actual text to a command\nthat is "in force" on Christians, and with objects not limited to other\nChristians.\n\nTrickier than the _agapate allelou_ or Institution of communion, there is\nthe case of the "Great Commission" where (Matthew 10, Mark 6) the Twelve\nare sent out to evangelize, "Proclaim that the kingdom of heaven is close\nat hand."  The verb is imperative (_ke:russete_), but the context is rather\nspecific to the Twelve, and there are further specifiers (as in "Do not\nturn your steps to pagan territory, and do not enter any Samaritan town"\n-- the Lukan parallels are even more specific to Jesus\' final journey to\nJerusalem) which make it harder to see this generalizing to all Christians\nthan the previous examples.  That hasn\'t prevented Christians from MAKING\nsuch an inference; what I have to call attention to is that such inference\nis NOT justified in the text, nor (unlike the first two cases I cite) by\nthe rhetoric of the evangelist urged on the reader.  Still, Paul seems to\nhave felt obliged to "proclaim that the kingdom of heaven is close at hand"\neven (contrary to Jesus\' instructions to the 12 :-)) to the gentiles, to\nthe ends of the earth.  So, Christians after him have also taken this as\na "commandment" in the sense of John 14:15.  Do I "accept" this?  I don\'t\nknow.  It is surely rather speculative.  But you see how the ripples of\ninference spread out from the text that is the pretext -- Christians (may)\ninfer a general commandment, applicable to all, from what is presented in\nthe gospels as a specific occasion.  I do not (necessarily) object to this\nkind of generalization -- but I *insist* that people who make it *must*\nhave an understanding that they are *reasoning* (at some considerable\nlength) from what we actually *have* in scripture.  There are *assumptions*\ninvolved in this reasoning, and *these* are *not* themselves scriptural\n(though people will do their best to "justify" their assumptions by OTHER\nreferences to scripture -- which simply adds MORE inference into the mix!)\n\nLet\'s move on to the "Great Commandment" -- that we should love God with\nour whole hearts and minds and souls.  This is, perhaps, the Synoptic\n"equivalent" of John\'s _agapate allelou_.  And yet,  it is not PRESENTED\nas a commandment, in our texts.  Rather, the context is controversy with\nthe Pharisees.  To cite Matthew [22:34ff]\n\n\t"But when the Pharisees heard that he had silenced the Sadducees\n\tthey got together and, to disconcert him, one of them put a question,\n\t"Master, which is the greatest commandment of the Law?"\n\nIt is by no means obvious here (though I accept it as such) that Jesus\'\nanswer is meant to be a commandment *to Christians*.  He is answering a\npolemic from his enemies.  [ Mark\'s account, in  12:28-34 casts the answer\nin a far more positive light as (so the "scribe" in this version says)\n"far more important than any holocaust (I need to point out that this word\noriginates in the context of animal sacrifice; forget the Nazis for this)\nor sacrifice."  Luke is intermediate -- he has a lawyer posing the question\n"to disconcert" Jesus, and gets the Good Samarian parable for his pains\n[ Luke 10:25-37 ].  The contexts here are so confusingly various that one\ncould be forgiven for drawing *no* inferences :-)  In *no* account is this\nsaid as if it were obviously to be taken as a commandment binding on\nChristians -- though I think it an entirely reasonable conclusion in each\ncase that Jesus thinks it to be so.  The point is that our mental gears\nHAVE to grind a cycle or so to get to any conclusion from all of this about\nwhat WE are commanded to do, by Jesus.  And all of this is contingent on\nour understanding the point of Jesus\' use of the Torah in the (all quite\ndifferent) gospel accounts, and the application of such a context to *us*.\n\nThe different contexts among the Synoptics are curious.  It should be noted\nthat ONLY in Luke do we get the "fixing" of this command by the parable of\nthe Good Samaritan.  We may look for an analogous *intent* in Matthew, where\n7:12 gives the "Golden Rule" as "the meaning of the Law and the Prophets"\n(and where we may also hear an echo of Hillel saying the same, a generation\nbefore Jesus.)  If we make these associations (which I think are entirely\nreasonable), we are -- again -- indulging in inference.  The texts do not\n*explicitly* support us; rather, we *read* the texts as having this kind of\ninter-relationship.  Current literary theory calls this "intertextuality."\n\nMy discussion of why the _agapate allelou_ "has" to apply beyond the \ncommunity of the disciples, and beyound the circle of Christian believers,\napplies again here, to buttress a conclusion that this *is* (despite the\npresentation not saying so explicitly) a "commandment" to Christians.\nFew Christians would disagree with my conclusions -- but I *must* point\nout that they *are* conclusions, they *depend* on rather elaborate chains\nof reasoning that are simply NOT present in the texts, themselves.\n\nThe contextual problem keeps coming up, more and more severely as we look at\nthose sayings of Jesus that are NOT so universally taken by Christians as \ncommandments.  And we get some really hard cases.  Take divorce.  Mark is \npretty clear, "The man who divorces his wife and marries another is guilty\nof adultery against her."  [ 10:11, cf. Luke 16:18 ] -- except that Matthew\nhas an escape clause [ "except in the case of fornication", 5:31 ]. This\nseems to be a rather clear "commandment" (whether or not we take Matthew\'s\nreservation); and some Christians, to this day, take it so.  But some don\'t,\nat least in practice.  This is rather peculiar; it is not as if Jesus were\nnot explicit about this (whereas He says nothing at all about some of the\nthings people gnash their teeth over.)  How is it possible, if the commands\nof Christ are clear, that Matthew can so disagree with the other evangelists\nof the synoptic tradition?\n\nI\'m going to continue this examination, into ever-murkier waters, but this\nis enough to start with.  The theme is: "finding commandments in scripture\nis an exercise in inference; our inferences are informed by OUR assumptions,\nthat is, our own cultural biases."  I have, so far, identified a very few\n"commandments" that are generally accepted by all Christians -- and yet in\nthese, already, some of the difficulties start to surface.  It is these\ndifficulties I want to discuss in my next essay on this topic.  The divorce\ncommandment already strikes at some of the difficulties: I see almost no\nevidence that the people who are so eager to find commandments to condemn\n*me* with, spend any time at all writing nasty screeds to soc.couples or\nmisc.legal about the horrors or viciousness of divorce, or demanding that\nUS law refuse to allow it, or refuse "unrepentant divorcees" places in\ntheir churches.  [ That is not to say that divorce *doesn\'t* enter into \nconsideration in general -- it is most definitely a matter of concern, in\neven the most "liberal" church circles.  For example, a (wildly) liberal\nEpiscopalian priest of my aqauintence, in a (wildly) liberal diocese, has\nrecommended to a couple who approached him to marry them that they have a\n"private" secular ceremony before a judge, so that the "public" ceremony\nhe celebrated need not go through an agonizing "examination" by officials\nwho would just as soon NOT take on this role of interpreting the commands\nwe are faced with as Christians.  This, in a church that was effectively\nCREATED by a famous divorce! ]\n-- \nMichael L. Siemon\t\tI say "You are gods, sons of the\nmls@panix.com\t\t\tMost High, all of you; nevertheless\n    - or -\t\t\tyou shall die like men, and fall\nmls@ulysses.att..com\t\tlike any prince."   Psalm 82:6-7\n',
  u"From: jejones@microware.com (James Jones)\nSubject: Re: Rumours about 3DO ???\nNntp-Posting-Host: snake\nOrganization: Microware Systems Corp., Des Moines, Iowa\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.164940.11632@mercury.unt.edu> Sean McMains <mcmains@unt.edu> writes:\n>In article <1993Apr15.144843.19549@rchland.ibm.com> Ricardo Hernandez\n>Muchado, ricardo@rchland.vnet.ibm.com writes:\n>>   And CD-I's CPU doesn't help much either.  I understand it is\n>>a 68070 (supposedly a variation of a 68000/68010) running at something\n>>like 7Mhz.  With this speed, you *truly* need sprites.\n>\n>Wow! A 68070! I'd be very interested to get my hands on one of these,\n>especially considering the fact that Motorola has not yet released the\n>68060, which is supposedly the next in the 680x0 lineup. 8-D\n\nDon't get too excited; Signetics, not Motorola, gave the 68070 its number.\nThe 68070, if I understand rightly, uses the 68000 instruction set, and has\nan on-chip serial port and DMA.  (It will run at up to 15 MHz--I'm typing\nat a computer using a 68070 running at that rate, so I know that it can\ndo so--so I seriously doubt the clock rate that ricardo@rchland.vnet.ibm.com\nclaims.)\n\n\tJames Jones\n",
  u'From: agc@bmdhh286.bnr.ca (Alan Carter)\nSubject: Command Loss Timer (Re: Galileo Update - 04/22/93)\nKeywords: Galileo, JPL\nNntp-Posting-Host: bmdhh286\nOrganization: BNR-Europe-Limited, Maidenhead, England\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <22APR199323003578@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov>, baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke) writes:\n|> 3.  On April 19, a NO-OP command was sent to reset the command loss timer to\n|> 264 hours, its planned value during this mission phase.\n\nThis activity is regularly reported in Ron\'s interesting posts. Could\nsomeone explain what the Command Loss Timer is?\n\nThanks, Alan\n\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n1 Belle Vue Court    |"They\'re unfriendly, which    | Home: 0684 564438\n32 Belle Vue Terrace | is fortunate, really. They\'d | Away: 0628 784351\nGreat Malvern        | be difficult to like."       | Work: 0628 794137\nWorcestershire       |                              |\nWR14 4PZ             | Kerr Avon, Blake\'s Seven     | Temporary: agc@bnr.ca\nEngland              |                              | Permanent: alan@gid.co.uk\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n',
  u"From: pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)\nSubject: Re: Hitler - pagan or Christian? (Was: Martin Luther...)\n\t<93074.033230KEVXU@CUNYVM.BITNET> <9c9e02703ak901@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com>\nOrganization: The Duck Pond public unix: +1 408 249 9630, log in as 'guest'.\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <9c9e02703ak901@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com> \nczl30@DUTS.ccc.amdahl.com (Chris Lee) writes:\n>In article <93074.033230KEVXU@CUNYVM.BITNET> KEVXU@CUNYVM.BITNET writes:\n>>The Irish have their version of the swastica called St. Brigid's cross.\n>There's also the three-legged symbol of the Isle of Man.\n\nThe three-legged symbol is a bit different, there is a word for them but\nI can't recall it, tri something, trieskalon?, don't know. These have\nmore to do with the triple goddess in her three phases as reflected in\nfemales: girl-woman-crone.\n",
  u'From: darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice)\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nOrganization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.\nLines: 131\n\nIn <2942956021.3.p00261@psilink.com> "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com> writes:\n\n>>DATE:   Sat, 3 Apr 1993 10:00:39 GMT\n>>FROM:   Fred Rice <darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au>\n>>\n>>In <1p8ivt$cfj@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n>>\n>>>Should we British go around blowing up skyscrapers next?\n>>\n>>I don\'t know if you are doing so, but it seems you are implying \n>>(1) that the person accused of blowing up the WTC in NY actually did it,\n>>and\n>>(2) that Islamic teachings have something to do with blowing up the WTC.\n>>\n>>[WTC = World Trade Centre, which was the building that was blown up, I\n>>think.]\n>>\n>>Okay... to make some comments...\n>>\n>>(1) The person has only been accused -- innocent until proven guilty,\n>>remember?  Secondly, there seem to be some holes in his accusation that\n>>I read about.  For instance, if they guy used that particular van to\n>>blow up the building, and then to go back and claim his deposit back\n>>afterwards, he must be incredibly stupid.  \n\n>Perhaps Salamen was one of those "uneducated" Muslims we hear so much about.\n\n>>Nevertheless, he was\n>>apparently smart enough to put together a very sophisticated bomb.  It\n>>doesn\'t seem to fit together, somehow.  \n\n>Actually, Salameh was not the ONLY person involved.  The other fellow was\n>a chemical engineer working for Allied Signal who had specifically studied\n>explosive devices in school (believe it or not - we actually allow radical\n>Muslim types to study things like this in our universities - so much for\n>the price of freedom)\n\nFrom what I read, the other fellow told Salameh how to put it together\nover the phone.  The bomb was supposedly some sort of sophisticated\ntype, so to put a (I assume complicated) sophisticated bomb together\nfrom instructions _over the phone_ (!) one must need some brains I would\nexpect.\n\n>>Despite this, there have\n>>already been many attacks and threats against mosques and Muslims in the\n>>United States as a consequence of his accusation, I have read.\n>>\n\n>O.K., now please tell us where this is happening.  I live in the U.S. and\n>I have heard very little about these mosque attacks.  There are many mosques\n>in Houston, Texas and I would like to know what is going on so I can verify\n>this.  Or is the Great Jewish Media Conspiracy keeping us from knowing about\n>this in the U.S.  We heard about the mosque attacks during the Desert Storm\n>venture, so why is it so quiet now?  Maybe it is localized to New Jersey?\n\nI read this in an article in "The Australian Muslim Times", the\nnewspaper (weekly) of the Australian Muslim community.  \n\nIf this is true, perhaps one of the Muslims based in North America (if\nthey see this posting) can elaborate.\n\n>>(2) Islamic teachings teach against harming the innocent.  In the Qur\'an\n>>it explicitly teaches against harming innocents even in times of war.\n>>The blowing up of the WTC and harming innocents is therefore in blatant\n>>contradiction to Islamic teachings.\n\n>This means absolutely nothing.  Plenty of people commit violence while \n>following what they think are valid religious principles.  I have seen\n>people post many things here from the Koran which could be "misinterpreted"\n>(if that is the explanation you wish to use) by an "uneducated" Muslim to\n>allow them to harm idolators and unbelievers.  The first thing every Muslim\n>says is that no Muslim could have done that because Islam teaches against\n>harming innocents.  And we are supposed to take you WORD that it NEVER\n>happens.   What do you think is the consequence?  Does Allah strike them\n>down before the "alleged" violence occurs?  Of course not.  Muslims commit\n>the violent act and then everyone hides behind verses in the Koran.  We\'re\n>pretty hip to that trick.  And I even doubt that it will come up in the\n>trials.  \n\n>"My defense is that I am Muslim and Islam teaches me not to harm the innocent.\n>Therefore, the people who were killed must not have been innocent.  Sure we\n>set off the bomb, your honor, but you must remember, sir, I am a Muslim.\n>Allah is all-powerful.  Allah would not have allowed this.  Are you insulting\n>my religion?"\n\n>Great defense, eh?\n\n>Just admit that there are some incredibly stupid, violent Muslims in the \n>world and stop hiding from that fact.  It does no one any good to deny it.\n>It only makes the more reasonable Muslims look like they are protecting the\n>bad ones.  Can you see that?\n\nI don\'t deny this fact.\n\nThe thrust of my argument here is that \n\n(a) Salameh is, according to US law, innocent as he has not been found\nguilty in a court of law.  As his guilt has not been established, it is\nwrong for people to make postings based on this assumption.\n\n(b) Islam teaches us _not_ to harm innocents.  If Muslims -- who perhaps\nhave not realized that Islam teaches this -- perform such actions, it is\n_not_ _because_ of the teachings of Islam, but rather _in spite of_ and\n_in contradiction to_ the  teachings of Islam.  This is an important \ndistinction.\n\nI should clarify what Muslims usually mean when they say "Muslim".  In\ngeneral, anyone who calls themselves a "Muslim" and does not do or \noutwardly profess\nsomething in clear contradiction with the essential teachings of Islam\nis considered to be a Muslim.  Thus, one who might do things contrary to\nIslam (through ignorance, for example) does not suddenly _not_ become a\nMuslim.  If one knowingly transgresses Islamic teachings and essential\nprinciples, though, then one does leave Islam.\n\nThe term "Muslim" is to be contrasted with "Mu\'min", which means "true\nbeliever".  However, whether a Muslim is in reality a Mu\'min is\nsomething known only by God (and perhaps that person himself).  So you\nwill not find the term Mu\'min used very much by Muslims in alt.atheism,\nbecause it is not known to anybody (except myself and God), whether I,\nfor example, am a "true believer" or not.  For example, I could just be\nputting on a show here, and in reality believe something opposite to\nwhat I write here, without anyone knowing.  Thus, when we say "Muslims"\nwe mean all those who outwardly profess to follow Islam, whether in\npractice they might, in ignorance, transgress Islamic teachings.  By\n"Muslim" we do not necessarily mean "Mu\'min", or "true believer" in\nIslam.\n\n Fred Rice\n darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au   \n\n',
  u'From: bcash@crchh410.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Brian Cash)\nSubject: Re: New Member\nNntp-Posting-Host: crchh410\nOrganization: BNR, Inc.\nLines: 47\n\nIn article <C5HIEw.7s1@portal.hq.videocart.com>, dfuller@portal.hq.videocart.com (Dave Fuller) writes:\n|>   Hello. I just started reading this group today, and I think I am going\n|> to be a large participant in its daily postings. I liked the section of\n|> the FAQ about constructing logical arguments - well done. I am an atheist,\n|> but I do not try to turn other people into atheists. I only try to figure\n|> why people believe the way they do - I don\'t much care if they have a \n|> different view than I do. When it comes down to it . . . I could be wrong.\n|> I am willing to admit the possibility - something religious followers \n|> dont seem to have the capability to do.\n\nWelcome aboard!\n\n|> \n|>   I notice alot of posts from Bobby. Why does anybody ever respond to \n|> his posts ? He always falls back on the same argument:\n\n(I think you just answered your own question, there)\n\n|> \n|> "If the religion is followed it will cause no bad"\n|> \n|>   He is right. Just because an event was explained by a human to have been\n|> done "in the name of religion", does not mean that it actually followed\n|> the religion. He will always point to the "ideal" and say that it wasn\'t\n|> followed so it can\'t be the reason for the event. There really is no way\n|> to argue with him, so why bother. Sure, you may get upset because his \n|> answer is blind and not supported factually - but he will win every time\n|> with his little argument. I don\'t think there will be any postings from\n|> me in direct response to one of his.\n\nMost responses were against his postings that spouted the fact that\nall atheists are fools/evil for not seeing how peachy Islam is.\nI would leave the pro/con arguments of Islam to Fred Rice, who is more\nlevel headed and seems to know more on the subject, anyway.\n\n|> \n|>   Happy to be aboard !\n\nHow did you know I was going to welcome you abord?!?\n\n|> \n|> Dave Fuller\n|> dfuller@portal.hq.videocart.com\n|> \n|> \n\nBrian /-|-\\\n',
  u'From: agr00@ccc.amdahl.com (Anthony G Rose)\nSubject: Re: [rw] Is Robert Weiss the only orthodox Christian?\nReply-To: agr00@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com (Anthony G Rose)\nOrganization: Amdahl Corporation, Sunnyvale CA\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <93111.074840LIBRBA@BYUVM.BITNET> LIBRBA@BYUVM.BITNET writes:\n>\n>  Robert, you keep making references to "orthodox" belief, and saying things\n>like "it is held that..." (cf. "Kermit" thread).  On what exact body of\n>theology are you drawing for what you call "orthodox?"  Who is that "holds\n>that" Luke meant what you said he meant?  Whenever your personal interpretation\n>of Biblical passages is challenged, your only response seems\n>to be that one needs merely to "look at the Bible" in order to see the truth,\n>but what of those who see Biblical things differently from you?  Are we to\n>simply assume that you are the only one who really understands it?\n>  Just curious,\n>--\n>Rick Anderson  librba@BYUVM.BITNET\n\n\nWhen Robert refers to the "orthodox", he is talking about the Historical\nposition of the Christian Faith. Such things are derived from Biblcal\ntexts through the centuries by the apocolic fathers of the faith.\n\nYou are right that people read things differently in the Bible, and this\nis alright in parts like parables and such forth. However, when it comes\nto the essential doctrines of the Historical Orthodox Christan Beliefs,\nthere is only one correct way to read it. For example, either the\ndoctrine of the Trinity is true, or it is false. Yes, people read the\ntexts differently, but only one position is true. They both cannot be.\nAccording to the text, the doctrine is true and has always existed.\n\nTherefore, when people like Joseph Smith come along with a vision and\nthinks he can undo centuries of a doctrine that is supported by the\nBible, people consider him a cult.\n',
  u"From: collins@well.sf.ca.us (Steve Collins)\nSubject: Re: Orbital RepairStation\nNntp-Posting-Host: well.sf.ca.us\nOrganization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link\nLines: 29\n\n\nThe difficulties of a high Isp OTV include:\nLong transfer times (radiation damage from VanAllen belts for both\n the spacecraft and OTV\nArcjets or Xenon thrusters require huge amounts of power so you have\nto have either nuclear power source (messy, dangerous and source of\nradiation damage) or BIG solar arrays (sensitive to radiation, or heavy)\nthat make attitude control and docking a big pain.\n\nIf you go solar, you have to replace the arrays every trip, with\ncurrent technology. Nuclear power sources are strongly restricted\nby international treaty.\n\nRefueling (even for very high Isp like xenon) is still required and]\nturn out to be a pain.\n\nYou either have to develop autonomous rendezvous or long range teleoperation\nto do docking or    ( and refueling) .\n\nYou still can't do much plane change because the deltaV required is so high!\n\nThe Air Force continues to look at doing things this way though. I suppose\nthey are biding their time till the technology becomes available and\nthe problems get solved.  Not impossible in principle, but hard to\ndo and marginally cheaper than one shot rockets, at least today.\n\nJust a few random thoughts on high Isp OTV's. I designed one once...\n\n                          Steve Collins\n",
  u"From: merlin@neuro.usc.edu (merlin)\nSubject: Tom Gaskins Pexlib vs Phigs Programming Manuals (O'Reilly)\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 24\nNNTP-Posting-Host: neuro.usc.edu\n\nCould someone explain the difference between Tom Gaskins' two books:\n\n  o  PEXLIB Programming Manual\n  o  PHIGS Programming Manual\n\nWhy would I want to buy one book vs the other book?  I have an 80386\nrunning SCO UNIX (X11R4) on my desktop, a SUN IV/360 in my lab, and \naccess to a variety of other systems (Alliant FX/2800, Cray Y/MP) on\nthe network.  Mostly, we would like to do 3D modeling/visualization\nof rat, rabbit, monkey, and human brain structure.\n\nThanks, AJ\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nAlexander-James Annala\nPrincipal Investigator\nNeuroscience Image Analysis Network\nHEDCO Neuroscience Building, Fifth Floor\nUniversity of Southern California\nUniversity Park\nLos Angeles, CA 90089-2520\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n",
  u"From: nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu (David Nye)\nSubject: Re: He has risen!\nOrganization: University of Wisconsin Eau Claire\nLines: 16\n\n[reply to kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)]\n \n>Our Lord and Savior David Keresh has risen!\n \n>He has been seen alive!\n \n>Spread the word!\n \nJeez, can't he get anything straight.  I told him to wait for three\ndays.\n \nGOD\n \nDavid Nye (nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu).  Midelfort Clinic, Eau Claire WI\nThis is patently absurd; but whoever wishes to become a philosopher\nmust learn not to be frightened by absurdities. -- Bertrand Russell\n",
  u'From: emarsh@hernes-sun.Eng.Sun.COM (Eric Marsh)\nSubject: Magick and parallel universes (was: The Universe and Black Holes)\nOrganization: Sun\nLines: 45\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hernes-sun\n\nIn article <IfpMCx600VB986FZFR@andrew.cmu.edu> nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu (Nanci Ann Miller) writes:\n>emarsh@hernes-sun.Eng.Sun.COM (Eric Marsh) writes:\n>> BTW, the parallel universe approach implys an element of mind in the\n>> very physical reality of the universe. \n\n>This sounds interesting... but what exactly do you mean?  \n\nWell, the best thing to do is to read the book "Parallel Universes"\nby Dr. Fred Wolf. \n\nIn essence, Dr. Wolf says that one interpretation of the sub-atomic\nparticle/wave duality is that what we perceive as a wave is actually\nan infinate number of parallel universes overlaid, and in each of\nthese universes there is a particle in a different location. When we\ndo something to make a particle "appear," we are actually causing\nall the parallel universes to collapse into one. Apparently this is\none line of thought on the nature of QM, that is going through some\nof the scientific community.\n\nDr. Wolf (and many others) claim that somehow the collapse is caused\nby the mental effort of observing the particle. This implys that\nmind is more than merely a biological phenomenon. He then extrapolates\nthat if mind is an integral part of the universe, then perhaps consciousness\nis the element that gives order and form to the universe(s) it/themself(s).\n\nIt all gets rather interesting, but what I find facinating is that\nthis would explain the phenomenon of "magick" as practiced in my\nreligion. Dr. Wolf speculates that the ordering functionality of mind\ncould be caused by the selection of a future from an infinite number of\npossible futures; he says that this might be done by some sort of\ncommunication between ones current, and possible future selves. \nI have long speculated that if magick is not merely a form of self\ndelusion then perhaps it could be caused by some sort of a selection\nof one of many possible futures.\n\nI realize that this gets pretty bizarre, but it never hurts to keep \nan open mind and at least file it all away as another possibile \nexplaination of the world in which we find ourselves. After all, the\nmore we learn about the universe in which we live, the more we learn\nthat it is truly a very strange place.\n\n>Nanci\n\neric\n\n',
  u"From: kohut1@urz.unibas.ch\nSubject: Help ! Miro Crystal or ATI GUP ?\nOrganization: University of Basel, Switzerland\nLines: 21\n\n\n\nI'm planning to buy a new VLB/EISA system with a good graphic performance.\nSo far I looked at the ATI GUP VLB as my favorite graphics-card. But \nrecently I heard something about a new card from  Miro. It was the Miro\nCrystal 24s with 3 MB and True Color support up to 1024x768. It costs just a\nlittle more than the ATI. So, can't decide which one matches better my needs.\nAny technical references and performance comparisons (especially from the\nMiro card) would be greatly appreciated.\n\n-Peter-\n\nE-Mail : kohut1@urz.unibas.ch\n\n                     ******************************\n                    **** Universitas Basiliensis *****\n                    ****      Switzerland        *****\n                     ********************************\n\n\n\n",
  u'From: cab@col.hp.com (Chris Best)\nSubject: Re: Space Marketing -- Boycott\nOrganization: your service\nLines: 14\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hpctdkz.col.hp.com\n\n> According to the person I talked to, the proposed "billboard"\n> will be too small to resolve with the naked eye -- so small\n> and visually unimportant... \n> \n>   Anyway, he suggested that the\n> visual impact would approximate that of a jumbo jet\n> at 45k feet (12km) altitude.\n\n----------\n\nAre you sure he didn\'t tailor his comments according to what he guessed\nyou wanted to hear?  In other words, LIE?  Think about it - what good \nwould a billboard do for an advertiser if nobody can see it?  Who would\nadvertise, telescope companies?  Pretty narrow audience here.\n',
  u'From: bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, Or.\nLines: 33\n\nIn article <C5L1Ey.Jts@news.cso.uiuc.edu> cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb) writes:\n>In <11825@vice.ICO.TEK.COM> bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n>\n>\n>>  Actually, my atheism is based on ignorance.  Ignorance of the\n>>  existence of any god.  Don\'t fall into the "atheists don\'t believe\n>>  because of their pride" mistake.\n>\n>How do you know it\'s based on ignorance, couldn\'t that be wrong? Why would it\n>be wrong \n>to fall into the trap that you mentioned? \n>\n\n  If I\'m wrong, god is free at any time to correct my mistake.  That\n  he continues not to do so, while supposedly proclaiming his\n  undying love for my eternal soul, speaks volumes.\n\n  As for the trap, you are not in a position to tell me that I don\'t\n  believe in god because I do not wish to.  Unless you can know my\n  motivations better than I do myself, you should believe me when I\n  say that I earnestly searched for god for years and never found\n  him.\n\n\n/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\ \n\nBob Beauchaine bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM \n\nThey said that Queens could stay, they blew the Bronx away,\nand sank Manhattan out at sea.\n\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\n',
  u"From: rick@trystro.uucp (Richard Nickle)\nSubject: Re: How to read sci.space without netnews\nOrganization: The Trystro System (617) 625-7155 v.32/v.42bis\nLines: 27\n\nIn article <C5LJG5.17n.1@cs.cmu.edu> mwm+@cs.cmu.edu (Mark Maimone) writes:\n>In article <734975852.F00001@permanet.org> Mark.Prado@p2.f349.n109.z1.permanet.org (Mark Prado) writes:\n>>If anyone knows anyone else who would like to get sci.space,\n>>but doesn't have an Internet feed (or has a cryptic Internet\n>>feed), I would be willing to feed it to them.\t\n>\n>\tKudos to Mark for his generous offer, but there already exists a\n>large (email-based) forwarding system for sci.space posts:  Space Digest.\n>It mirrors sci.space exactly, and provides simple two-way communication.\n>\nI think Mark was talking about making it available to people who didn't\nhave email in the first place.\n\nIf anybody in the Boston area wants a sci.space feed by honest-to-gosh UUCP\n(no weird offline malreaders), let me know.  I'll also hand out logins to\nanyone who wants one, especially the Boston Chapter of NSS (which I keep forgetting\nto re-attend).\n\n>Questions, comments to space-request@isu.isunet.edu\n>-- \n>Mark Maimone\t\t\t\tphone: +1 (412) 268 - 7698\n>Carnegie Mellon Computer Science\temail: mwm@cmu.edu\n\n\n-- \nrichard nickle\t\trick@trystro.uucp\t617-625-7155 v.32/v.42bis\n\t\t\tthink!trystro!rick\tsomerville massachusetts\n",
  u'From: djf@cck.coventry.ac.uk (Marvin Batty)\nSubject: Re: Moon Colony Prize Race! $6 billion total?\nNntp-Posting-Host: cc_sysk\nOrganization: Starfleet, Coventry, UK\nLines: 49\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.020259.1@aurora.alaska.edu> nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu writes:\n>I think if there is to be a prize and such.. There should be "classes"\n>such as the following:\n>\n>Large Corp.\n>Small Corp/Company (based on reported earnings?)\n>Large Government (GNP and such)\n>Small Governemtn (or political clout or GNP?)\n>Large Organization (Planetary Society? and such?)\n>Small Organization (Alot of small orgs..)\n\nWhatabout, Schools, Universities, Rich Individuals (around 250 people \nin the UK have more than 10 million dollars each). I reecieved mail\nfrom people who claimed they might get a person into space for $500\nper pound. Send a skinny person into space and split the rest of the money\namong the ground crew!\n>\n>The organization things would probably have to be non-profit or liek ??\n>\n>Of course this means the prize might go up. Larger get more or ??\n>Basically make the prize (total purse) $6 billion, divided amngst the class\n>winners..\n>More fair?\n>\n>There would have to be a seperate organization set up to monitor the events,\n>umpire and such and watch for safety violations (or maybe not, if peopel want\n>to risk thier own lives let them do it?).\n>\nAgreed. I volunteer for any UK attempts. But one clause: No launch methods\nwhich are clearly dangerous to the environment (ours or someone else\'s). No\nusage of materials from areas of planetary importance.\n\n>Any other ideas??\n\nYes: We should *do* this rather than talk about it. Lobby people!\nThe major problem with the space programmes is all talk/paperwork and\nno action!\n\n>==\n>Michael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n>\n>\n\n\n-- \n****************************************************************************  \n                  Marvin Batty - djf@uk.ac.cov.cck\n"And they shall not find those things, with a sort of rafia like base,\nthat their fathers put there just the night before. At about 8 O\'clock!"\n',
  u'From: nyikos@math.scarolina.edu (Peter Nyikos)\nSubject: Re: Spreading Christianity (Re: Christian Extremist Kills Doctor)\nOrganization: USC  Department of Computer Science\nLines: 24\n\nI addressed most of the key issues in this very long (284 lines) post\nby Dean Kaflowitz in two posts yesterday.  The first was made into the\ntitle post of a new thread, "Is Dean Kaflowitz terminally irony-impaired?"\nand the second, more serious one appeared along the thread\n\n"A Chaney Post, and a Challenge, reissued and revised"\n\nboth only in talk.abortion, but I am posting its contents into\ntalk.religion.misc as soon as I exit here.\n\nThis should be enough for us to thrash out for the next week or so.  The\nsecond post really grapples with the main bones of contention between us.\nThe first is more lighthearted and tells about such things as \nKaflowitzDebatingPoints [tm], which he continues to rack up on both\ntalk.abortion and talk.religion.misc, while setting follow-ups to \ntalk.abortion alone.  His lame excuse for the latter policy is that\nhe gets a prompt as to where to set follow-ups, and does not follow\ntalk.religion.misc much; this suggests that he is being hypocritical in not\nalso setting his Newsgroups line to talk.abortion alone.\n\nPeter Nyikos\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: palmer@cco.caltech.edu (David M. Palmer)\nSubject: Re: Political banner in space\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 15\nNNTP-Posting-Host: alumni.caltech.edu\n\nu1452@penelope.sdsc.edu (Jeff Bytof - SIO) writes:\n\n>I propose that PepsiCo, Mcdonalds and other companies could put \n>into orbit banners that have timely political messages, such as,\n\n>     "Stop the slaughter in Bosnia!"\n\nOr how about:\n    "End light pollution now!!"\n\nYour banner would have no effect on its subject, but my banner would.\n\n-- \n\t\tDavid M. Palmer\t\tpalmer@alumni.caltech.edu\n\t\t\t\t\tpalmer@tgrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\n',
  u'From: bgarwood@heineken.tuc.nrao.edu (Bob Garwood)\nSubject: Re: Who\'s next?  Mormons and Jews?\nOrganization: nrao\nLines: 110\n\nIn article <1r7os6$hil@agate.berkeley.edu>, isaackuo@spam.berkeley.edu (Isaac Kuo) writes:\n|> In article <C5wIA1.4Hr@apollo.hp.com> goykhman@apollo.hp.com (Red Herring) writes:\n|> >    The FBI claims, on the basis of their intelligence reports,\n|> >    that BD\'s had no plans to commit suecide.  They, btw, had bugged the \n|> >    place and were listening to BD\'s conversations till the very end.\n|> >\n|> >    Koresh\'s attorney claims that, based on some 30 hours he spent\n|> >    talking to his client and others in the compound, he saw no\n|> >    indication that BD\'s were contemplating suecide.\n|> >\n|> >    The survivors claim it was not a suecide.\n|> \n|> It\'s not clear that more than one of the survivors made this claim.  It is\n|> clear that at least one of the survivors made the contradictory claim that\n|> BD members had started the fire.\n\nNo, this is far from clear.  We only have the word of the FBI spokepeople that\na survivor made this claim.  We have the contradictory word of the lawyers who\nspoke with the survivors individually that ALL of them agreed that they did\nNOT have a suicide pact and did not intentionally start the fire.  In the absense\nof any more evidence, I don\'t see how we can decide who to believe.\nFurthermore, its quite possible that there was no general suicide pact and that\nsome small inner circle took it upon themselves to kill everyone else.\nWith the state of the area now, we may never know what happened.\n\n|> \n|> >    BD\'s were not contemplating suecide, and there is no reason \n|> >    to believe they committed one.\n|> \n|> No reason?  How about these two:\n|> \n|> 1.  Some of the survivors claimed that BD members poured fuel along the\n|> \tcorridors and set fire to it.  The speed at which the fire spread\n|> \tis not inconsistent with this claim.\n\nAgain, we have only the word of the FBI on this claim.  The lawyers who\nhave also talked to the survors deny that any of them are making that claim.\n\n|> \n|> 2.  There was certainly a fire which killed most of the people in the compound.\n|> \tThere is a very very good possibility that the FBI did not start this\n|> \tfire.  This is a good reason to believe that the BD\'s did.\n\nI will agree on your assessment as to the relative probabilities.  Its more likely\nthat the BD\'s started the fire than did the FBI.  But there is currently NO\nway to decide what actually happened based on the publically available evidence\n(which is nearly none).\n\n|> \n|> 3.  Even if the BD\'s were not contemplating suicide, it is very possible that\n|> \tDavid Koresh was convinced (and thus convinced the others) that this\n|> \twas not suicide.  It was the fulfilment of a profecy of some sort.\n|> \n|> There are three possibilities other than the BD\'s self destruction:\n|> \n|> A.  They are not dead, but escaped via bunker,etc.  From reports of the\n|> \tinadequacies of the tunnels and the bodies found, I would rate this\n|> \tas highly unlikely.\n|> \n|> B.  The fire was started by an FBI accident.  This is possible, but it would be\n|> \tfoolish of us to declare this outright until more evidence can back it.\n|> \tSure, it\'s possible that the armored vehicle knocked down a lantern\n|> \twhich started the fire (why was there a lit lantern in the middle of\n|> \tthe day near the edge of the complex?).  It\'s anecdotal evidence that\n|> \thas been contradicted by other escapees.\n|> \n|> C.  The fire was started on purpose by the FBI.  This has been suggested by\n|> \tsome on the NET, and I would rate this possibility as utterly\n|> \tludicrous.  This is what we in "sci.skeptic" would call an\n|> \t"extraordinary claim" and won\'t bother refuting unless someone gives\n|> \tany good evidence to back it up.\n\n   D.   The fire was an started accidentally by the BDs.  I am truely amazed that\n        I have heard (or read) of no one suggesting this possibility.\n        With all the tear gas and the lack of electical power in the compound and\n        the adults wearing gas masks, it had to have been chaotic inside.\n        I can easily image someone leaving a lamp too close to something or\n        accidentally dropping a lamp or knocking one over.  With the winds, it\n        would have quickly gotten out of control.\n\n|> \n|> So we are left with two reasonable possibilities.  That the fire was an FBI\n|> accident and that the fire was started by the BD.  I find the latter more\n|> likely based on the evidence I\'ve seen so far.\n\n   No, I think that D is also quite reasonable.  I personally can\'t really\nasses any relative probablities to either of these 3 probabilities although if\nforced to bet on the issue, I would probably take an accident (either FBI or\nBD) over intential setting of the fire).\n\n   I would also like to add a comment related to the reports that bodies recovered\nhad gunshot wounds.  The coroner was on the Today Show this morning and categorically\ndenied that they\'ve reach any such conclusions.  He pointed out that under intense\nheat, sufficient pressure builds up in the head that can cause it to explode and\nthat this can look very much like a massive gunshot wound to the head which is\nquite consisted with te reports I\'ve read and heard.\n\n   In short, there\'s been almost no evidence corroborating any of the many\nscenarios as to what happened on Monday.  We should remain skeptical until\nmore information is available.  \n\n|> -- \n|> *Isaac Kuo (isaackuo@math.berkeley.edu)\t*       ___\n|> *\t\t\t\t\t* _____/_o_\\_____\n|> *\tTwinkle, twinkle, little .sig,\t*(==(/_______\\)==)\n|> *\tKeep it less than 5 lines big.\t* \\==\\/     \\/==/\n\n-- \n\nBob Garwood\n',
  u'From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Re: Why not give $1 billion to first year-long moon residents?\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr19.130503.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 21\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nIn article <6ZV82B2w165w@theporch.raider.net>, gene@theporch.raider.net (Gene Wright) writes:\n> With the continuin talk about the "End of the Space Age" and complaints \n> by government over the large cost, why not try something I read about \n> that might just work.\n> \n> Announce that a reward of $1 billion would go to the first corporation \n> who successfully keeps at least 1 person alive on the moon for a year. \n> Then you\'d see some of the inexpensive but not popular technologies begin \n> to be developed. THere\'d be a different kind of space race then!\n> \n> --\n>   gene@theporch.raider.net (Gene Wright)\n> theporch.raider.net  615/297-7951 The MacInteresteds of Nashville\n====\nIf that were true, I\'d go for it.. I have a few friends who we could pool our\nresources and do it.. Maybe make it a prize kind of liek the "Solar Car Race"\nin Australia..\nAnybody game for a contest!\n\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n',
  u"From: asecchia@cs.uct.ac.za (Adrian Secchia)\nSubject: Raytracing Colours?\nKeywords: raytracer colours realism vectors\nOrganization: Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town\nLines: 25\n\nI have a question about recursive, backward raytracing.\n\nWhen an incident ray (I) strikes an object at point P, first\nthe normal (N) is calculated. Light rays are calculated (L1 to Ln \nwhere n is the number of light sources) - these being the light\nrays that do not intersect with anything. The reflected ray (R) and\nthe transmitted ray (T) is calculated from the formulae.\n\nCalling the routine recursively on R and T will return the colours \nalong the rays (R and T) as rCol and tCol. Each object has its own\ncolour oCol and each light source has liCol (1 <= i <= n).\n\nThe question is: \n  How do you combine rCol, tCol, oCol and all the liCol's to get\n  the correct resulting colour to return along the I ray?\n\nAll colours are defined as strucures (records) having r, g, b components\nbetween 0 and 1.\n\nIf anyone has done this before could you give me a few hints?\n\n--\nAdrian Secchia\n\nasecchia@cs.uct.ac.za\n",
  u"From: bobc@sed.stel.com (Bob Combs)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters.  WHere  are they.\nOrganization: SED, Stanford Telecom, Reston, VA 22090\nLines: 28\n\nPicture our universe floating like a log\nin a river.  As the log floats down the\nriver, it occasionally strikes rocks, the\nbank, the bottom, other logs.  When this collission\noccurs, kinetic energy is translated into heat, the\nlog degrades, gets scraped up, and other energy \ntranslaions occur.  The distribution of damage to\nthe log depends on the shape of the log.\n\nHowever, to a very small virus in a mite on the head of a\ntermite in the center of the log, the shock waves from the\ncollissions would appear uniformly random in direction.\n\nThis is my theory for GRB.  They are evidence of our universe\ninteracting with other universes!  Why not!  Makes\njust as much sense as the GRB coming from the Oort cloud!\n\nThe log theory of universes can't be ruled out!\n\nOf course, I'm a layman in the physics world.  You \nphysicists out there, Tell me about this !!!!\n\n\nBob Combs\nAstronautical Engineer,  \nStanford Telecom\n.\n \n",
  u'From: mathew@mantis.co.uk (mathew)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nLines: 31\nX-Newsreader: rusnews v1.01\n\nfrank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n> In article <1qg8bu$kl5@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon\n> Livesey) writes:\n> #And this "objective morality" is........?\n> \n> And here, children, we have a person playing the "objective morality doesn\'t \n> exist, show me one" game.  You can play this with just about anything:\n> \n> And this "objective medicine" is.....?\n> And this "objective physics" is.....?\n> And this "objective reality" is.....?\n\nPrecisely.\n\nThere\'s no objective medicine; some people get marvellous results from\nalternative therapy, others only respond to traditional medicine.\n\nThere\'s no objective physics; Einstein and Bohr have told us that.\n\nThere\'s no objective reality.  LSD should be sufficient to prove that.\n\n> One wonders just what people who ask such questions understand by the term \n> "objective", if anything.\n\nI consider it to be a useful fiction; an abstract ideal we can strive\ntowards.  Like an ideal gas or a light inextensible string, it doesn\'t\nactually exist; but we can talk about things as if they were like it, and not\nbe too far wrong.\n\n\nmathew\n',
  u"From: HOLFELTZ@LSTC2VM.stortek.com\nSubject: Re: Merlin, Mithras and Magick\nNntp-Posting-Host: lstc2vm.stortek.com\nOrganization: StorageTek SW Engineering\nX-Newsreader: NNR/VM S_1.3.2\nLines: 31\n\nIn article <yag12B3w165w@anarky.tch.org>\nmelchar@anarky.tch.org (Melchar) writes:\n \n>\n>> [I've read many things like this in the past, yet not quite so\n>> blatant a comparison of Christian and Pagan, Roman myth/practice.\n>> Is it all historical?  How often has Merlin/Myrddin been associated\n>> with Roman gods?  How often has he been associated with Mithras?\n>> Does anyone know where Mithras originated?  In Asia?  What part?]\n>>\n>> Thyagi@HouseofKAos.Abyss.com\n>\n>      Mithraic worship predates Xianity but in many ways is similar.  It\n>was a mystery cult, (worship in which not all the information was\n>available to all members:  tests had to be passed & at each stage, new\n>info was offered to the worshipper [similar to the Masons......in more\n>than one way]) -- of Mithras, a sun deity.  He was cyclic (went down to\n>darkness, was reborn), inspired hope; fought against the darkness; was\n>popular and charismatic.......\n>      The worship originated in Persia & was linked to the Ahura-Mazda\n \nWow, this is news to me---it started in Tarsus--you know, where Paul\nof NT fame was from.  Not to be nasty, but get a clue, read\n_The Orgins of the Mithraic Mysteries_ by DUlansey!\n \nHey hasn't anyone read Manly P Hall's works?  Perhaps it might be\nworth a try....\n \n>cults.  For a while it threatened to eclipse Xianity -- however it\n>suffered from ONE fatal flaw:  it only accepted free men as members.\n>       Xianity took women and slaves and......anyone it could get\n",
  u"From: sichase@csa2.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory - Berkeley, CA, USA\nLines: 22\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: 128.3.254.197\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nIn article <pgf.735606045@srl02.cacs.usl.edu>, pgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering) writes...\n>Jeff.Cook@FtCollinsCO.NCR.COM (Jeff Cook) writes:\n>....\n>>people in primitive tribes out in the middle of nowhere as they look up\n>>and see a can of Budweiser flying across the sky... :-D\n> \n>Seen that movie already. Or one just like it.\n>Come to think of it, they might send someone on\n>a quest to get rid of the dang thing...\n\nActually, the idea, like most good ideas, comes from Jules Verne, not\n_The Gods Must Be Crazy._  In one of his lesser known books (I can't\nremember which one right now), the protagonists are in a balloon gondola,\ntravelling over Africa on their way around the world in the balloon, when\none of them drops a fob watch.  They then speculate about the reaction\nof the natives to finding such a thing, dropped straight down from heaven.\nBut the notion is not pursued further than that.\n\n-Scott\n--------------------                          New .sig under construction\nScott I. Chase                                     Please be patient\nSICHASE@CSA2.LBL.GOV                                   Thank you \n",
  u'From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov\nSubject: Re: Deployable Space Dock..\nOrganization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nX-Posted-From: algol.jsc.nasa.gov\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sol.ctr.columbia.edu\nLines: 42\n\n: In article <1993Apr30.000050.1@aurora.alaska.edu> nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu writes:\n: >Why not build a inflatable space dock.\n\nHenry Spencer (henry@zoo.toronto.edu) wrote:\n: If you\'re doing large-scale satellite servicing, being able to do it in\n: a pressurized hangar makes considerable sense.  The question is whether\n: anyone is going to be doing large-scale satellite servicing in the near\n: future, to the point of justifying development of such a thing.\n\nThat\'s a mighty fine idea.  But since you asked "Why not," I\'ll\nrespond.\n\nPutting aside the application of such a space dock, there are other\nfactors to consider than just pressurized volume.  Temperature control\nis difficult in space, and your inflatable hangar will have to \nincorporate thermal insulation (maybe a double-walled inflatable).\nMicrometeoroid protection and radiation protection are also required.\nDon\'t think this will be a clear plastic bubble; it\'s more likely\nto look like a big white ball made out of the same kind of multi-layer\nfabric that soft-torso space suits are made out of today.\n\nBecause almost all manned space vessels (Skylab, Mir, Salyut) used\ntheir pressurization for increased structural rigidity, even though\nthey had (have) metal skins, they still kind of qualify as inflatable.\n\nThe inflation process would have to be carefully controlled.  The\nspace environment reduces ductility in exposed materials (due to\ntemperature extremes, monotomic Oxygen impingement, and radiation\neffects on materials), so your "fabric" may not retain any flexibility\nfor long.  (This may not matter.)  Even after inflation, pressure\nchanges in the hangar may cause flexing in the fabric, which could\nlead to holes and tears as ductility decreases.\n\nThese are some of the technical difficulties which the LLNL proposal\nfor an inflatable space station dealt with to varying degrees of\nsuccess.\n\n-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\n      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368\n\n     "Good ideas are common -- what\'s uncommon are people who\'ll\n      work hard enough to bring them about." -- Ashleigh Brilliant\n',
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: Theism and Fanatism (was: Islamic Genocide)\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 125\n\nIn article <1r0sn0$3r@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>\nfrank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n \n>|>#>#Theism is strongly correlated with irrational belief in absolutes. Irrational\n>|>#>#belief in absolutes is strongly correlated with fanatism.\n \n(deletion)\n \n>|Theism is correlated with fanaticism. I have neither said that all fanatism\n>|is caused by theism nor that all theism leads to fanatism. The point is,\n>|theism increases the chance of becoming a fanatic. One could of course\n>|argue that would be fanatics tend towards theism (for example), but I just\n>|have to loook at the times in history when theism was the dominant ideology\n>|to invalidate that conclusion that that is the basic mechanism behind it.\n>\n>IMO, the influence of Stalin, or for that matter, Ayn Rand, invalidates your\n>assumption that theism is the factor to be considered.\n \nBogus. I just said that theism is not the only factor for fanatism.\nThe point is that theism is *a* factor.\n \n \n>Gullibility,\n>blind obedience to authority, lack of scepticism, and so on, are all more\n>reliable indicators.  And the really dangerous people - the sources of\n>fanaticism - are often none of these things.  They are cynical manipulators\n>of the gullible, who know precisely what they are doing.\n \nThat\'s a claim you have to support. Please note that especially in the\nfield of theism, the leaders believe what they say.\n \n \n>Now, *some*\n>brands of theism, and more precisely *some* theists, do tend to fanaticism,\n>I grant you.  To tar all theists with this brush is bigotry, not a reasoned\n>argument - and it reads to me like a warm-up for censorship and restriction\n>of religious freedom.  Ever read Animal Farm?\n>\n \nThat\'s a straw man. And as usually in discussions with you one has to\nrepeat it: Read what I have written above: not every theism leads to\nfanatism, and not all fanatism is caused by theism. The point is,\nthere is a correlation, and it comes from innate features of theism.\n \nGullibility, by the way, is one of them.\n \n \nAnd to say that I am going to forbid religion is another of your straw\nmen. Interesting that you have nothing better to offer.\n \n \n>|>(2)  Define "irrational belief".  e.g., is it rational to believe that\n>|>     reason is always useful?\n>|>\n>|\n>|Irrational belief is belief that is not based upon reason. The latter has\n>|been discussed for a long time with Charley Wingate. One point is that\n>|the beliefs violate reason often, and another that a process that does\n>|not lend itself to rational analysis does not contain reliable information.\n>\n>Well, there is a glaring paradox here:  an argument that reason is useful\n>based on reason would be circular, and argument not based on reason would\n>be irrational.  Which is it?\n>\n \nThat\'s bogus. Self reference is not circular. And since the evaluation of\nusefulness is possible within rational systems, it is allowed.\n \nYour argument is as silly as proving mathematical statements needs mathematics\nand mathematics are therfore circular.\n \n \n>The first part of the second statement contains no information, because\n>you don\'t say what "the beliefs" are.  If "the beliefs" are strong theism\n>and/or strong atheism, then your statement is not in general true.  The\n>second part of your sentence is patently false - counterexample: an\n>axiomatic datum does not lend itself to rational analysis, but is\n>assumed to contain reliable information regardless of what process is\n>used to obtain it.\n>\n \nI\'ve been speaking of religious systems with contradictory definitions\nof god here.\n \nAn axiomatic datum lends itself to rational analysis, what you say here\nis a an often refuted fallacy. Have a look at the discussion of the\naxiom of choice. And further, one can evaluate axioms in larger systems\nout of which they are usually derived. "I exist" is derived, if you want\nit that way.\n \nFurther, one can test the consistency and so on of a set of axioms.\n \nwhat is it you are trying to say?\n \n \n>|Compared the evidence theists have for their claims to the strength of\n>|their demands makes the whole thing not only irrational but antirational.\n>\n>I can\'t agree with this until you are specific - *which* theism?  To\n>say that all theism is necessarily antirational requires a proof which\n>I suspect you do not have.\n>\n \nUsing the traditonal definition of gods. Personal, supernatural entities\nwith objective effects on this world. Usually connected to morals and/or\nthe way the world works.\n \n \n>|The affinity to fanatism is easily seen. It has to be true because I believe\n>|it is nothing more than a work hypothesis. However, the beliefs say they are\n>|more than a work hypothesis.\n>\n>I don\'t understand this.  Can you formalise your argument?\n \nPerson A believes system B becuase it sounds so nice. That does not make\nB true, it is at best a work hypothesis. However, the content of B is that\nit is true AND that it is more than a work hypothesis. Testing or evaluating\nevidence for or against it  therefore dismissed because B (already believed)\nsays it is wronG/ a waste  of time/ not possible. Depending on the further\ncontents of B Amalekites/Idolaters/Protestants are to be killed, this can\nhave interesting effects.\n \nAnswer the question what the absolute set of morals is people agree on like\nthey would agree on a football being a football.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u'From: jk87377@lehtori.cc.tut.fi (Kouhia Juhana)\nSubject: comp.graphics.research??\nOrganization: Tampere University of Technology\nLines: 13\nDistribution: inet\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cc.tut.fi\n\n\nI have not seen articles in comp.graphics.research for a long time.\nDoes it/he work anymore?\n\nI have seen many conference related postings in comp.graphics,\nand it is hard to believe that people have not tried to post them to\nc.g.research.\n\nIf somebody has not got his article to comp.graphics.research, then\nwrite to me or post here.\n\n\nJuhana Kouhia\n',
  u'From: jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 13\n\nI\'m wondering if "vandalize" is the proper word to use in this situation.  My\ndictionary defines "vandalism" as "the willful or malicious destructuion of \npublic or private property, especially of anything beautiful or artisitc." I\nwould agree the sky is beautiful, but not that it is public or private property.\n\nI personally prefer natural skies, far from city lights and sans aircraft.  \nHowever, there is also something to be said for being able to look up into the\nsky and see a satellite.  Many people get a real kick out of it, especially if\nthey haven\'t seen one before.   \n-- \nJosh Hopkins                                          jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu\n\t\t    "Find a way or make one."\n\t             -attributed to Hannibal\n',
  u"From: dgempey@ucscb.UCSC.EDU (David Gordon Empey)\nSubject: Re: PLANETS STILL: IMAGES ORBIT BY ETHER TWIST\nOrganization: University of California, Santa Cruz\nLines: 22\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ucscb.ucsc.edu\n\n\nIn <1993Apr23.165459.3323@coe.montana.edu> uphrrmk@gemini.oscs.montana.edu (Jack Coyote) writes:\n\n>In sci.astro, dmcaloon@tuba.calpoly.edu (David McAloon) writes:\n\n>[ a nearly perfect parody  -- needed more random CAPS]\n\n\n>Thanks for the chuckle.  (I loved the bit about relevance to people starving\n>in Somalia!)\n\n>To those who've taken this seriously, READ THE NAME! (aloud)\n\nWell, I thought it must have been a joke, but I don't get the \njoke in the name. Read it aloud? David MACaloon. David MacALLoon.\nDavid macalOON. I don't geddit.\n\n-Dave Empey (speaking for himself)\n>-- \n>Thank you, thank you, I'll be here all week.  Enjoy the buffet! \n\n\n",
  u'From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Near Miss Asteroids (Q)\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt, MD USA\nLines: 4\nDistribution: sci\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\nTRry the SKywatch project in  Arizona.\n\npat\n',
  u'From: dant@techbook.techbook.com (Dan Tilque)\nSubject: Teflon (Re: Long term Human Missions\nOrganization: TECHbooks Public Access\nLines: 25\nNNTP-Posting-Host: techbook.techbook.com\n\nhausner@qucis.queensu.ca (Alejo Hausner) writes:\n>rek@siss81 (Robert Kaye) writes:\n>>\n>>Just a few contributions from the space program to "regular" society:\n>>\n>>2.\tTeflon (So your eggs don\'t stick in the pan)\n>\n>Sorry to split hairs, but I just read in "The making of the atomic\n>bomb"(*) that teflon was developed during world war 2.  A sealant was\n>needed for the tubing in which uranium hexafluoride passed as it was\n>gradually enriched by difussion.  UF6 is very corrosive, and some very\n>inert yet flexible material was needed for the seals.\n\nI think you\'re both right.  Teflon was actually discovered by accident\nbefore WWII.  From what I\'ve heard, they had some chemical (I assume it\nwas tetrafluoroethylene) in a tank and but the valve got gummed up.\nCutting it open revealed that it had polymerized.\n\nThe material was useful for seals, but it had a major problem for, say\nthe linings of vessels: it wouldn\'t stick to metal.  What the space\nprogram did was to find a way to get it to stick.  Thus we had no-stick\nfrypans on the market in the late \'60s.\n\n---\nDan Tilque    --     dant@techbook.com\n',
  u"From: ari@tahko.lpr.carel.fi (Ari Suutari)\nSubject: Any graphics packages available for AIX ?\nOrganization: Carelcomp Oy\nLines: 24\nNNTP-Posting-Host: tahko.lpr.carel.fi\nKeywords: gks graphics\n\n\n\tDoes anybody know if there are any good 2d-graphics packages\n\tavailable for IBM RS/6000 & AIX ? I'm looking for something\n\tlike DEC's GKS or Hewlett-Packards Starbase, both of which\n\thave reasonably good support for different output devices\n\tlike plotters, terminals, X etc.\n\n\tI have tried also xgks from X11 distribution and IBM's implementation\n\tof Phigs. Both of them work but we require more output devices\n\tthan just X-windows.\n\n\tOur salesman at IBM was not very familiar with graphics and\n\tI am not expecting for any good solutions from there.\n\n\n\t\tAri\n\n---\n\n\tAri Suutari\t\t\tari@carel.fi\n\tCarelcomp Oy\n\tLappeenranta\n\tFINLAND\n\n",
  u'From: "james kewageshig" <james.kewageshig@canrem.com>\nSubject: articles on flocking?\nReply-To: "james kewageshig" <james.kewageshig@canrem.com>\nOrganization: Canada Remote Systems\nDistribution: comp\nLines: 17\n\nHI All,\nCan someone point me towards some articles on \'boids\' or\nflocking algorithms... ?\n\nAlso, articles on particle animation formulas would be nice...\n ________________________________________________________________________\n|0 ___ ___  ____  ____  ____                                            0|\\\n|   \\ \\//    ||    ||    ||                James Kewageshig              |\\|\n|   _\\//_   _||_  _||_  _||_      UUCP: james.kewageshig@canrem.com      |\\|\n|   N E T W O R K    V I I I    FIDONET:   James Kewageshig - 1:229/15   |\\|\n|0______________________________________________________________________0|\\|\n \\________________________________________________________________________\\|\n---\n \xfe DeLuxe\xfd 1.25 #8086 \xfe Head of Co*& XV$# Hi This is a signature virus. Co\n--\nCanada Remote Systems - Toronto, Ontario\n416-629-7000/629-7044\n',
  u'Subject: Re: Albert Sabin\nFrom: rfox@charlie.usd.edu (Rich Fox, Univ of South Dakota)\nReply-To: rfox@charlie.usd.edu\n <1993Apr7.073926.9874@engage.pko.dec.com> \n <1993Apr10.213547.17644@rambo.atlanta.dg.com> \n <1993Apr11.162936.18734@zeus.franklin.edu>,<1993Apr15.225657.17804@rambo.atlanta.dg.com>\nOrganization: The University of South Dakota Computer Science Dept.\nNntp-Posting-Host: charlie\nLines: 71\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.225657.17804@rambo.atlanta.dg.com>, wpr@atlanta.dg.com (Bill Rawlins) writes:\n>|> >|> \n>|> However, one highly biased account (as well as possibly internally \n>|> inconsistent) written over 2 mellenia ago, in a dead language, by fanatic\n>|> devotees of the creature in question which is not supported by other more \n>|> objective sources and isnt  even accepted by those who\'s messiah this creature \n>|> was supposed to be, doesn\'t convince me in the slightest, especially when many\n>|> of the current day devotees appear brainwashed into believing this pile of \n>|> guano...\n>\n>       Since you have referred to the Messiah, I assume you are referring\n>        to the New Testament.  Please detail your complaints or e-mail if\n>        you don\'t want to post.  First-century Greek is well-known and\n>        well-understood.  Have you considered Josephus, the Jewish Historian,\n>        who also wrote of Jesus?  In addition, the four gospel accounts\n>        are very much in harmony.  \n\nBill, I have taken the time to explain that biblical scholars consider the\nJosephus reference to be an early Christian insert.  By biblical scholar I mean\nan expert who, in the course of his or her research, is willing to let the\nchips fall where they may.  This excludes literalists, who may otherwise be\ndefined as biblical apologists.  They find what they want to find.  They are\nnot trustworthy by scholarly standards (and others).\n\nWhy an insert?  Read it - I have, a number of times.  The passage is glaringly\nout of context, and Josephus, a superb writer, had no such problem elsewhere \nin his work.  The passage has *nothing* to do with the subject matter in which \nit lies.  It suddenly appears and then just as quickly disappears.\n\nUntil you can demonstrate how and why the scholarly community is wrong about\nthe Josephus insert, your "proof" is meaningless and it should not be repeated\nhere.  What\'s more, even if Josephus happened to be legitimate, it would "prove"\nnothing.  Scholars speak of the "weight of evidence."  Far more independent\nevidence would be required to validate your claim.  Until forthcoming, your\nbelief is based on faith.  That\'s OK, but you exceed your rights when you pass\nfaith off as fact.\n\nAs for the gospels, there are parallels, but there are also glaring\ninconsistencies and contradictions.  Shouldn\'t a perfect canon be perfect? \nShouldn\'t there be absolutely no room for debate?  I suggest you read _Gospel \nFictions_ by Randel Helms, and _The Unauthorized Version_ by Robin Fox (for \nHerb Huston, no known kinship or familial relationship, but we do indeed share \nan evolutionary ancestry).\n\nThe fact that there are inconsistencies, gaps and contradictions does not deny\nyour position.  On the other hand, neither do the gospels "prove" your faith. \nIndependent evidence is necessary, and I know of none (which we have already\ndiscussed, and so far you have not provided any).  Until then, its faith. \nMoreover, you have committed a fundamental error in logic.  You have attempted\nto "prove" your claim with that which you want to prove.  Its no different than\nsaying "I am right because I say so."  \n\nYour logic is full of circles.  It reminds me a bit of the 1910 Presbyterian \nGeneral Assembly.  The assembly defined five fundamentals (this is where\n"fundamentalist" came from) of orthodox Protestant Christianity, to wit: 1)\nJesus performed miracles, 2) Jesus was born of a virgin, 3) Jesus was bodily\nresurrected, 4) Jesus\' crucifixion atoned for human sin, and - here is the\nclincher - 5) the bible is the inerrant word of God.  Presbyterians construe\n"inerrant" broadly as spritually inerrant.  Fundamentalists take the\nfirst four as literally true, and then validate them with a literally inerrant\nbible, which contains the first four, and which is the only thing known to \ncontain the first four.  \n\nSmoke and mirrors and wands and hand waving if ever there was!\n\nIts faith, Bill.  You don\'t have any more or better truths than anyone else. \nWhatever works for you.  Just don\'t foist it on others. \n\nRegards,\n\nRich Fox, Anthro, Usouthdakota\n',
  u'From: wmiler@nyx.cs.du.edu (Wyatt Miler)\nSubject: Diaspar Virtual Reality Network Announcement\nOrganization: Nyx, Public Access Unix @ U. of Denver Math/CS dept.\nLines: 185\n\n\nPosted to the Internet by wmiler@nyx.cs.du.edu\n \n000062David42      041493003715\n \n             The Lunar Tele-operation Model One (LTM1)\n             =========================================\n                        By David H. Mitchell\n                          March 23, 1993\n \nINTRODUCTION:\n \nIn order to increase public interest in space-based and lunar operations, a\nreal miniature lunar-like environment is being constructed on which to test\ntele-operated models. These models are remotely-controlled by individuals\nlocated world-wide using their personal computers, for EduTainment\npurposes.\nNot only does this provide a test-bed for simple tele-operation and\ntele-presence activities but it also provides for the sharing of\ninformation\non methods of operating in space, including, but not limited to, layout of\na\nlunar colony, tele-operating machines for work and play, disseminating\neducational information, providing contests and awards for creativity and\nachievement and provides a new way for students worldwide to participate in\nTwenty-First century remote learning methods.\n \nBecause of the nature of the LTM1 project, people of all ages, interests\nand\nskills can contribute scenery and murals, models and structures,\ninterfacing\nand electronics, software and graphics. In operation LTM1 is an evolving\nplayground and laboratory that can be used by children, students and\nprofessionals worldwide. Using a personal computer at home or a terminal at\na participating institution a user is able to tele-operate real models at\nthe\nLTM1 base for experimental or recreational purposes. Because a real\nfacility\nexists, ample opportunity is provided for media coverage of the\nconstruction\nof the lunar model, its operation and new features to be added as suggested\nby the users themselves.\n \nThis has broad inherent interest for a wide range of groups:\n - tele-operations and virtual reality research\n - radio control, model railroad and ham radio operation\n - astronomy and space planetariums and science centers\n - art and theater\n - bbs and online network users\n - software and game developers\n - manufacturers and retailers of model rockets, cars and trains\n - children\n - the child in all of us\n \nLTM1 OVERALL DESIGN:\n \nA room 14 feet by 8 feet contains the base lunar layout. The walls are used\nfor murals of distant moon mountains, star fields and a view of the earth.\nThe "floor" is the simulated lunar surface. A global call for contributions\nis hereby made for material for the lunar surface, and for the design and\ncreation of scale models of lunar colony elements, scenery, and\nmachine-lets.\n \n The LTM1 initial design has 3 tele-operated machinelets:\n 1. An SSTO scale model which will be able to lift off, hover and land;\n 2. A bulldozerlet which will be able to move about in a quarry area; and\n 3. A moon-train which will traverse most of the simulated lunar surface.\n \n Each machinelet has a small TV camera utilizing a CCD TV chip mounted on\n it. A personal computer digitizes the image (including reducing picture\n content and doing data-compression to allow for minimal images to be sent\n to the operator for control purposes) and also return control signals.\n \nThe first machinelet to be set up will be the moon-train since model trains\nwith TV cameras built in are almost off-the-shelf items and control\nelectronics for starting and stopping a train are minimal. The user will\nreceive an image once every 1 to 4 seconds depending on the speed of their\ndata link to LTM1.\n \nNext, an SSTO scale model with a CCD TV chip will be suspended from a\nservo-motor operated wire frame mounted on the ceiling allowing for the\nSSTO\nto be controlled by the operator to take off, hover over the entire lunar\nlandscape and land.\n \nFinally, some tank models will be modified to be CCD TV chip equipped\nbulldozerlets. The entire initial LTM1 will allow remote operators\nworldwide\nto receive minimal images while actually operating models for landing and\ntakeoff, traveling and doing work. The entire system is based on\ncommercially\navailable items and parts that can be easily obtained except for the\ninterface electronics which is well within the capability of many advanced\nham radio operator and computer hardware/software developers.\n \nBy taking a graphically oriented communications program (Dmodem) and adding\na tele-operations screen and controls, the necessary user interface can be\nprovided in under 80 man hours.\n \nPLAN OF ACTION:\n \nThe Diaspar Virtual Reality Network has agreed to sponsor this project by\nproviding a host computer network and Internet access to that network.\nDiaspar is providing the 14 foot by 8 foot facility for actual construction\nof the lunar model. Diaspar has, in stock, the electronic tanks that can be\nmodified and one CCD TV chip. Diaspar also agrees to provide "rail stock"\nfor the lunar train model. Diaspar will make available the Dmodem graphical\ncommunications package and modify it for control of the machines-lets.\nAn initial "ground breaking" with miniature shovels will be performed for\na live photo-session and news conference on April 30, 1993. The initial\nmodels will be put in place. A time-lapse record will be started for\nhistorical purposes. It is not expected that this event will be completely\nserious or solemn. The lunar colony will be declared open for additional\nbuilding, operations and experiments. A photographer will be present and\nthe photographs taken will be converted to .gif images for distribution\nworld-wide to major online networks and bbs\'s. A press release will be\nissued\ncalling for contributions of ideas, time, talent, materials and scale\nmodels\nfor the simulated lunar colony.\n \nA contest for new designs and techniques for working on the moon will then\nbe\nannounced. Universities will be invited to participate, the goal being to\nfind instructors who wish to have class participation in various aspects of\nthe lunar colony model. Field trips to LTM1 can be arranged and at that\ntime\nthe results of the class work will be added to the model. Contributors will\nthen be able to tele-operate any contributed machine-lets once they return\nto\ntheir campus.\n \nA monthly LTM1 newsletter will be issued both electronically online and via\nconventional means to the media. Any major new tele-operated equipment\naddition will be marked with an invitation to the television news media.\nHaving a large, real model space colony will be a very attractive photo\nopportunity for the television community. Especially since the "action"\nwill\nbe controlled by people all over the world. Science fiction writers will be\ninvited to issue "challenges" to engineering and human factors students at\nuniversities to build and operate the tele-operated equipment to perform\nlunar tasks. Using counter-weight and pulley systems, 1/6 gravity may be\nsimulated to some extent to try various traction challenges.\n \nThe long term goal is creating world-wide interest, education,\nexperimentation\nand remote operation of a lunar colony. LTM1 has the potential of being a\nlong\nterm global EduTainment method for space activities and may be the generic\nexample of how to teach and explore in many other subject areas not limited\nto space EduTainment. All of this facilitates the kind of spirit which can\nlead to a generation of people who are ready for the leap to the stars!\n \nCONCLUSION:\n \nEduTainment is the blending of education and entertainment. Anyone who has\never enjoyed seeing miniatures will probably see the potential impact of a\nglobally available layout for recreation, education and experimentation\npurposes. By creating a tele-operated model lunar colony we not only create\nworld-wide publicity, but also a method of trying new ideas that require\nreal\n(not virtual) skills and open a new method for putting people\'s minds in\nspace.\n \n \nMOONLIGHTERS:\n \n"Illuminating the path of knowledge about space and lunar development."\nThe following people are already engaged in various parts of this work:\nDavid42, Rob47, Dash, Hyson, Jzer0, Vril, Wyatt, The Dark One, Tiggertoo,\nThe Mad Hatter, Sir Robin, Jogden.\n \nCome join the discussion any Friday night from 10:30 to midnight PST in\n \nDiaspar Virtual Reality Network. Ideas welcome!\n \nInternet telnet to: 192.215.11.1 or diaspar.com\n \n(voice)  714-376-1776\n(2400bd) 714-376-1200\n(9600bd) 714-376-1234\n \nEmail inquiries to LTM1 project leader Jzer@Hydra.unm.edu\nor directly to Jzer0 on Diaspar.\n\n',
  u'From: pgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering)\nSubject: Re: PLANETS STILL: IMAGES ORBIT BY ETHER TWIST\nOrganization: Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana\nLines: 8\n\nThe only ether I see here is the stuff you must\nhave been breathing before you posted...\n\n--\nPhil Fraering         |"Seems like every day we find out all sorts of stuff.\npgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu|Like how the ancient Mayans had televison." Repo Man\n\n\n',
  u'From: kcochran@nyx.cs.du.edu (Keith "Justified And Ancient" Cochran)\nSubject: Re: Flaming Nazis\nX-Disclaimer: Nyx is a public access Unix system run by the University\n\tof Denver for the Denver community.  The University has neither\n\tcontrol over nor responsibility for the opinions of users.\nOrganization: Nyx, Public Access Unix at U. of Denver Math/CS dept.\nLines: 38\n\nIn article <1993Apr18.020655.14233@news.cs.brandeis.edu> deane@binah.cc.brandeis.edu writes:\n>Okay, I\'ll bite. I should probably leave this alone, but what the heck...\n>\n>In article <1993Apr14.124301.422@sun0.urz.uni-heidelberg.de>, \n>gsmith@lauren.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de (Gene W. Smith) writes:\n>>In article <TT3R2B5w165w@brewich.hou.tx.us> popec@brewich.hou.tx.us\n>>(Pope Charles) writes:\n>>\n>>>Rhoemer was the name of the guy responsible for much of the uniforms, \n>>>and props used by the early Nazis in their rallies and such.\n>>\n>>The name is Roehm, not Rhoemer.  And Hitler does claim that he came up\n>>with the Swastika business.\n>\n>But didn\'t he credit the actual flag design to a party member - some dentist or\n>other? I believe he gives such credit in Mein Kampf.\n>\n>>>He was killed in an early Nazi purge. He and many of his associates\n>>>were flaming homosexuals well know also for their flamboyant orgies.\n>>\n>>I have been trying to find if there is any actual evidence for this\n>>common assertion recently.  Postings to such groups as soc.history and\n>>soc.culture.german has not uncovered any net.experts who could provide\n>>any. \n>\n>Well, I\'m no expert, but all of the histories of Nazi Germany assert this. They\n>make reference to several scandals that occurred long before "the night of the\n>long knives". The impression that I got was that homosexuality in portions of\n>the SA was common knowledge. Also, a book (by a homosexual author whose name\n>escapes me at the moment) called "Homosexuals in History" asserts that Roehm\n>and Heines were homosexuals, as well as others in Roehm\'s SA circle.\n\n[Rest deleted.  Can anybody out in a.p.h help out?]\n\nFind out about "the night of the brown shirts".\n--\n=kcochran@nyx.cs.du.edu | B(0-4) c- d- e++ f- g++ k(+) m r(-) s++(+) t | TSAKC=\n=My thoughts, my posts, my ideas, my responsibility, my beer, my pizza.  OK???=\n',
  u'From: tk@dcs.ed.ac.uk (Tommy Kelly)\nSubject: Objective Values \'v\' Scientific Accuracy (was Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is)\nReply-To: tk@dcs.ed.ac.uk (Tommy Kelly)\nOrganization: Laboratory for the Foundations of Computer Science, Edinburgh U\nLines: 54\n\nFrank, I tried to mail this but it bounced.  It is fast moving out\nof t.a scope, but I didn\'t know if t.a was the only group of the three\nthat you subscribed to.\nApologies to regular t.a folks.\n\nIn article <1qjahh$mrs@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n\n>Science ("the real world") has its basis in values, not the other way round, \n>as you would wish it.  \n\nYou must be using \'values\' to mean something different from the way I\nsee it used normally.\n\nAnd you are certainly using \'Science\' like that if you equate it to\n"the real world".\n\nScience is the recognition of patterns in our perceptions of the Universe\nand the making of qualitative and quantitative predictions concerning\nthose perceptions.\n\nIt has nothing to do with values as far as I can see.\nValues are ... well they are what I value.\nThey are what I would have rather than not have - what I would experience\nrather than not, and so on.\n\nObjective values are a set of values which the proposer believes are\napplicable to everyone.\n\n>If there is no such thing as objective value, then science can not \n>objectively be said to be more useful than a kick in the head.\n\nI don\'t agree.\nScience is useful insofar as it the predictions mentioned above are\naccurate.  That is insofar as what I think *will be* the effect on\nmy perceptions of a time lapse (with or without my input to the Universe)\nversus what my perceptions actually turn out to be.\n\nBut values are about whether I like (in the loosest sense of the word) the \nperceptions :-)\n\n>Simple theories with accurate predictions could not objectively be said\n>to be more useful than a set of tarot cards.  \n\nI don\'t see why.\n\'Usefulness\' in science is synonomous with \'accuracy\' - period.\nTarot predictions are not useful because they are not accurate - or\ncan\'t be shown to be accurate.\nScience is useful because it is apparently accurate.\n\nValues - objective or otherwise - are beside the point.\n\nNo?\n\ntommy\n',
  u"From: keithh@tplrd.tpl.oz.au (Keith Harwood)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters. WHere are they.\nOriginator: keithh@sydrd14\nLines: 20\nNntp-Posting-Host: sydrd14\nOrganization: Telectronics Pacing Systems\n\n\nIn article <1rbl0eINNip4@gap.caltech.edu>, palmer@cco.caltech.edu (David M. Palmer) writes:\n> prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n> \n> >  What  evidence  indicates that Gamma Ray bursters are very far away?\n> \n> >Given the enormous  power,  i was just wondering,  what if they are\n> >quantum  black holes or something  like that  fairly close by?\n> \n> >Why would they have to be at  galactic ranges?   \n> \n. . . David gives good explaination of the deductions from the isotropic,\n'edged' distribution, to whit, they are either part of the Universe or\npart of the Oort cloud.\n\nWhy couldn't they be Earth centred, with the edge occuring at the edge\nof the gravisphere? I know there isn't any mechanism for them, but there\nisn't a mechanism for the others either.\n\nKeith Harwood.\n",
  u'From: ednobles@sacam.OREN.ORTN.EDU (Edward d Nobles)\nSubject: windows imagine??!!\nOrganization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 10\n\n\nI sent off for my copy today...   Snail Mail.   Hope to get it back in\nabout ten days.  (Impulse said "a week".)\n\nI hope it\'s as good as they claim...\n\nJim Nobles\n\n(Hope I have what it takes to use it...  :>)\n\n',
  u'From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: "Cruel" (was Re: <Political Atheists?)\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 23\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nkmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan) writes:\n\n>>They spent quite a bit of time on the wording of the Constitution.  They\n>>picked words whose meanings implied the intent.  We have already looked\n>>in the dictionary to define the word.  Isn\'t this sufficient?\n>We only need to ask the question: what did the founding fathers \n>consider cruel and unusual punishment?\n\n>Hanging? Hanging there slowing being strangled would be very \n>painful, both physically and psychologicall, I imagine.\n\nWell, most hangings are very quick and, I imagine, painless.\n\n>Firing squad ? [ note: not a clean way to die back in those \n>days ], etc. \n>All would be considered cruel under your definition.\n>All were allowed under the constitution by the founding fathers.\n\nAnd, hangings and firing squads are allowed today, too.  And, if these\nthings were not considered cruel, then surely a medical execution\n(painless) would not be, either.\n\nkeith\n',
  u'From: hoover@mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de (Uwe Schuerkamp)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nNntp-Posting-Host: math30.mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de\nOrganization: Math Madhouse Bielefeld, Germany\nLines: 26\n\nIn article <C5t05K.DB6@research.canon.oz.au> enzo@research.canon.oz.au \n(Enzo Liguori) writes:\n\n> hideous vision of the future.  Observers were\n>startled this spring when a NASA launch vehicle arrived at the\n>pad with "SCHWARZENEGGER" painted in huge block letters on the\n\nThis is ok in my opinion as long as the stuff *returns to earth*.\n\n>What do you think of this revolting and hideous attempt to vandalize\n>the night sky? It is not even April 1 anymore.\n\nIf this turns out to be true, it\'s time to get seriously active in\nterrorism. This is unbelievable! Who do those people think they are,\nselling every bit that promises to make money? I guess we really\ndeserve being wiped out by uv radiation, folks. "Stupidity wins". I\nguess that\'s true, and if only by pure numbers.\n\n\tAnother depressed planetary citizen,\n\thoover\n\n\n\n-- \nUwe "Hoover" Schuerkamp \t\t     hoover@mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de\n\t\tClear Skies --- Fight light pollution!\n',
  u'From: aleahy@cch.coventry.ac.uk (ODD FROG)\nSubject: Re: Photoshop for Windows\nNntp-Posting-Host: cc_sysh\nOrganization: ODD FROGS BALLOON SHOP\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <C5uHIM.JFq@rot.qc.ca> beaver@rot.qc.ca (Andre Boivert) writes:\n>\n>\n>I am looking for comments from people who have used/heard about PhotoShop\n>for Windows. Is it good? How does it compare to the Mac version? Is there\n>a lot of bugs (I heard the Windows version needs "fine-tuning)?\n>\n\nAlso photoshopII is out soon, has anyone got a date and any cofmments?\nAndy\n\n        _______________________________________________________\n        | Andrew Leahy | aleahy@cch.coventry.ac.uk | Odd FROG |\n        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n \n"What a piece of work is man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculties! \n in form and moving, how express and admirable! in action how like an angel!\n   in apprehension how like a god! the beauty of the world, the paragon of\n        animals! And yet to me what is the quintessence if dust? \n                      Man delights not me....... "\n                                                  Shakespeare, Hamlet\n',
  u'From: ray@engr.LaTech.edu (Bill Ray)\nSubject: Re: Who Says the Apostles Were Tortured?\nOrganization: Louisiana Tech University\nLines: 20\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ee02.engr.latech.edu\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\n\n: The willingness of true believers\n: to die for their belief, be it in Jesus or Jim Jones, is\n: well-documented, so martyrdom in and of itself says little.\n\nIt does say something about the depth of their belief.  Religion has\nboth deluded believers and con men.  The difference is often how far\nthey will follow their beliefs.\n\nI have no first hand, or even second hand, knowledge of how the \noriginal apostles died.  If they began a myth in hopes of exploiting\nit for profit, and followed that myth to the death, that would be\ninconsistent.  Real con men would bail out when it was obvious it would \nlead to discomfort, pain and death.\n\nThe story in 1 Kings regarding the 450 prophets of Baal is of no\nhelp in this debate.  One can easily assume that they believed that\nno overwhelming vindication of Elijah would be forthcoming.  He was\nsimply a fool, who would be shown to be so.  The fire from heaven was\nswift and their seizure and deaths were equally swift.\n\n',
  u'From: ven@bohr.physics.purdue.edu (Van E. Neie)\nSubject: Re: Sunrise/ sunset times\nOrganization: Purdue University Physics Department\nLines: 29\n\nIn article <1993Apr22.180630.18313@titan.tsd.arlut.utexas.edu> pearson@tsd.arlut.utexas.edu (N. Shirlene Pearson) writes:\n>jpw@cbis.ece.drexel.edu (Joseph Wetstein) writes:\n>\n>\n>>Hello. I am looking for a program (or algorithm) that can be used\n>>to compute sunrise and sunset times.\n>\n>Would you mind posting the responses you get?\n>I am also interested, and there may be others.\n>\n>Thanks,\n>\n>N. Shirlene Pearson\n>pearson@titan.tsd.arlut.utexas.edu\n\nThere is an excellent software program called Astro.calc that does that and\nmuch more.  The latest address I have is\n\n\tMMI Corporation\n\tPO Box 19907\n\tBaltimore, MD  21211\n\tPhone (301) 366-1222\n\n\n-- \n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nVan E. Neie                                      ven@maxwell.physics.purdue.edu\nPurdue University                                neie@purccvm.bitnet\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u"From: carl@SOL1.GPS.CALTECH.EDU (Carl J Lydick)\nSubject: Re: Who's next?  Mormons and Jews?\nOrganization: HST Wide Field/Planetary Camera\nLines: 18\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: carl@SOL1.GPS.CALTECH.EDU\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sol1.gps.caltech.edu\n\nIn article <204l02tO40sf01@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com>, agr00@ccc.amdahl.com (Anthony G Rose) writes:\n=>I don't necessarily agree with Pat Robertson.  Every one will be placed before\n=>the judgement seat eventually and judged on what we have done or failed to do\n=>on this earth.  God allows people to choose who and what they want to worship.\n=\n=I'm sorry, but He does not!  Ever read the FIRST commandment?\n\nI have.  Apparently you haven't.  The first commandment doesn't appear to\nforbid worshipping other gods.  Yahweh's got to be at the top of the totem\npole, though.\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nCarl J Lydick | INTERnet: CARL@SOL1.GPS.CALTECH.EDU | NSI/HEPnet: SOL1::CARL\n\nDisclaimer:  Hey, I understand VAXen and VMS.  That's what I get paid for.  My\nunderstanding of astronomy is purely at the amateur level (or below).  So\nunless what I'm saying is directly related to VAX/VMS, don't hold me or my\norganization responsible for it.  If it IS related to VAX/VMS, you can try to\nhold me responsible for it, but my organization had nothing to do with it.\n",
  u'From: jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu (James Thomas Green)\nSubject: Keeping Spacecraft on after Funding Cuts.\nOrganization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo\nLines: 51\n\nWhy do spacecraft have to be shut off after funding cuts.  For\nexample, Why couldn\'t Magellan just be told to go into a "safe"\nmode and stay bobbing about Venus in a low-power-use mode and if\nmaybe in a few years if funding gets restored after the economy\ngets better (hopefully), it could be turned on again.  \n\nFor that matter, why exactly were the Apollo lunar experiments\n"turned off" rather than just "safed".  Was it political (i.e.\nas along as they could be used, someone would keep bugging\ncongress for funds)?  Turning them off keeps them pesky\nscientists out of the bureaucrat\'s hair....  \n\nI\'ve heard the argument that an active but "uncontrolled"\nspacecraft causes "radio noise."  I find that hard to believe\nthat this could be a problem in a properly designed "safe" mode.\nThis safe mode could be a program routine which causes the\nspacecraft to go to least fuel using orientation, and once a\n(week, month, year, whatever) attempts a signal lock on Earth.\nAt that time, if funding has been restored, the mission can\ncontinue.  If no signal is recieved, the spacecraft goes back to\nthe safe mode for another time period. As we would know when the\nspacecraft is going to try to contact Earth, we could be\nprepared if necessary.  \n\nAs another a spacecraft could do at the attempted contact is\nbeam stored data towards Earth.  If someone can receive it,\ngreat, if not, so it\'s lost and no big deal.\nBy making the time and signal location generally known, perhaps\nsomeone in the world might be able and willing to intercept the\ndata even if they\'re not willing to contact the spacecraft.\n\nI see this as being particularly useful for spacecraft which\ncould have an otherwise long life and are in or are going to\nplaces which are otherwise unaccessible (Jupiter/Saturn Orbit,\nexiting the solar system, etc).   \n\nPerhaps those designing future spacecraft (Cassini, Pluto Flyby,\netc) should consider designing in a "pause" mode in case their\nspacecraft gets the ax sometime in the future after completion of\nthe primary mission. Perhaps Mars Observer and Galilleo could\nhave some kind of routine written in for the post mission\n"drift" phase.\n\nSo any holes in all this?\n\n\n/~~~(-: James T. Green :-)~~~~(-: jgreen@oboe.calpoly.edu :-)~~~\\ \n| "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving\t| \n| the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the \t|\n| Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."    \t\t|\n|                  <John F. Kennedy; May 25, 1961> \t\t|\n',
  u'From: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney)\nSubject: Re: I want that Billion\nOrganization: Computer Aided Design Lab, U. of Maryland College Park\nLines: 54\nReply-To: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: queen.eng.umd.edu\n\nIn article <C63vvG.4J9@zoo.toronto.edu>, henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n\n>Only if he doesn\'t spend more than a billion dollars doing it, since the\n>prize is not going to be scaled up to match the level of effort.  You can\n>spend a billion pretty quickly buying Titan launches.\n\nFine. I\'ll buy from George. GEORGEEE!!!!\n\nThat assumes I can\'t weasel out a cooperative venture of some sort (cut me a\nbreak on the launcher, I\'ll cut you in on the proceeds if it works).  Only the\ngovernment pays higher-than-list price. \n\n>What\'s more, if you buy Titans, the prize money is your entire return on\n>investment.  If you develop a new launch system, it has other uses, and\n>the prize is just the icing on the cake.\n\nUnless you\'re Martin Marietta, since (as I recall) they bought out the GD line\nof aerospace products. \n\nIf MM/GD does it as an in-house project, their costs would look much better\nthan buying at "list price."  Does anyone REALLY know the profit margins built\nin to the Titan?  C\'mon. Allen is telling us how cheap we can get improved this\nor that... \n\n>I doubt very much that a billion-dollar prize is going to show enough\n>return to justify the investment if you are constrained to use current\n>US launchers.  \n\nOh please.  How much of a profit do you want?  Pulling $100-150 million after\nall is said and done wouldn\'t be too shabby.  Not to mention the other goodies\nI\'ll collect in:\n\n\ta)  Movie & TV rights (say $100-150 million conservatively)\n\tb)  Advertising       ("Look Mommie, they\'re drinking Coke!")\n\tc)  Intangibles\t      (Name recognization, experience & data \n\t\t\t\tacculumated)\n\n>You\'re going to *have* to invest your front money in building a new launch\n>system rather than pissing it away on existing ones.  Being there first is\n>of no importance if you go bankrupt doing it.\n\nIf you want lean, fine.  A $500 million prize would be more than adequate for a\nprize.\n\nMaybe Wales would be kind enough to define what a company would consider\na decent profit.\n\nIf you want R&D done, you\'ll have to write in R&D clauses.  I suppose you could\nmake it a SBIR set-aside :)  \n\n\n\n    Software engineering? That\'s like military intelligence, isn\'t it?\n  -- >                  SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU                        < --\n',
  u'From: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nSubject: Re: Rosicrucian Order(s) ?!\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 22\nReply-To: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nIn a previous article, ba@mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu (B.A. Davis-Howe) says:\n\n>\n>ON the subject of how many competing RC orders there are, let me point out the\n>Golden Dawn is only the *outer* order of that tradition.  The inner order is\n>the Roseae Rubeae et Aurae Crucis.  \n>\n\n\tJust wondering, do you mean the "Lectorium Rosicrucianum"?\nWarning: There is no point in arguing who\'s "legit" and who\'s not. *WHICH*\nGolden Dawn are you talking about?\n\n\tJust for the sake of argument, (reflecting NO affiliation)\nI am going to say that the TRUE Rosicrucian Order is the Fraternitas\nRosae Crucis in Quakertown, Penn.,\n\n\tAny takers? :-)\n\nFraternally,\n\nTony\n',
  u'From: hyder@cs.utexas.edu (Syed Irfan Hyder)\nSubject: Re: The Qur\'an and atheists (was Re: Jewish Settlers Demolish a Mosque in Gaza)\nOrganization: CS Dept, University of Texas at Austin\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: pageboy.cs.utexas.edu\n\nIn article <2944846190.2.p00261@psilink.com> "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com> writes:\n::DATE:   Sun, 25 Apr 1993 10:13:30 GMT\n::FROM:   Fred Rice <darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au:\n::\n::\n::The Qur\'an talks about those who take their lusts and worldly desires for \n::their "god".\n::\n::I think this probably encompasses most atheists.\n::\n:: Fred Rice\n:: darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au   \n:\n:As well as all the Muslim men screwing fourteen year old prostitutes in\n:Thailand.  Got a better quote?\n:\n\nI wonder if the above quote forms  the justification for athiesm, and\nthe equanimity with which their belief is arrived at!!!!!\n\n',
  u"From: jbreed@doink.b23b.ingr.com (James B. Reed)\nSubject: Re: space news from Feb 15 AW&ST\nNntp-Posting-Host: doink\nReply-To: jbreed@ingr.com\nOrganization: Intergraph Electronics\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <C5ros0.uy@zoo.toronto.edu>, henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n|> [Pluto's] atmosphere will start to freeze out around 2010, and after about\n|> 2005 increasing areas of both Pluto and Charon will be in permanent\n|> shadow that will make imaging and geochemical mapping impossible.\n\nWhere does the shadow come from?  There's nothing close enough to block\nsunlight from hitting them.  I wouldn't expect there to be anything block\nour view of them either.  What am I missing?\n\n\tJim\n",
  u'From: ket01@rrz.Uni-Koeln.DE (Dr. Reinhard Moeller)\nSubject: Real Time Visualization\nOrganization: Regional Computing Center, University of Cologne\nLines: 19\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: rs1.rrz.uni-koeln.de\nKeywords: graphics, simulation\nCc: ket01\n\nHello,\n\nI am interested to hear from people working in the field of visual\nsimulation, ie driving simulation, flight simulation etc.\nWould be very pleased to see, what is going on in the field of research\nand industrial development.\n\nFor those of you interested as well: There is a workshop (preferedly \nheld in German), situated in Wuppertal, November 18/19 1993, specially\nrelated to the above topic.\nThe title:\n\n"Sichtsysteme - Visualisierung in der Simulationstechnik"\n\nComplete details are available. Please contact me.\n\nR. Moeller\nrmoe@welfag.elektro.uni-wuppertal.de \n\n',
  u"From: neideck@nestvx.enet.dec.com (Burkhard Neidecker-Lutz)\nSubject: Re: Rumours about 3DO ???\nOrganization: CEC Karlsruhe\nLines: 17\nNNTP-Posting-Host: NESTVX\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.164940.11632@mercury.unt.edu> Sean McMains <mcmains@unt.edu> writes:\n>Wow! A 68070! I'd be very interested to get my hands on one of these,\n>especially considering the fact that Motorola has not yet released the\n>68060, which is supposedly the next in the 680x0 lineup. 8-D\n\nThe 68070 is a variation of the 68010 that was done a few years ago by\nthe European partners of Motorola. It has some integrated I/O controllers\nand half a MMU, but otherwise it's a 68010. Think of it the same as\nthe 8086 and 80186 were.\n\n\t\tBurkhard Neidecker-Lutz\n\nDistributed Multimedia Group, CEC Karlsruhe          EERP Portfolio Manager\nSoftware Motion Pictures & BERKOM II Project         Multimedia Base Technology\nDigital Equipment Corporation\nneidecker@nestvx.enet.dec.com\n\n",
  u'From: halat@panther.bears (Jim Halat)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nReply-To: halat@panther.bears (Jim Halat)\nLines: 129\n\nIn article <930419.104739.2t8.rusnews.w165w@mantis.co.uk>, mathew@mantis.co.uk (mathew) writes:\n>mccullou@snake2.cs.wisc.edu (Mark McCullough) writes:\n>>In article <30136@ursa.bear.com> halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat) writes:\n>>>Atoms are not objective.  They aren\'t even real.  What scientists call\n>>>an atom is nothing more than a mathematical model that describes \n>>>certain physical, observable properties of our surroundings.  All\n>>>of which is subjective.  \n>> \n>> This deserves framing.  It really does.  "[Atoms] aren\'t even real."\n>> \n>> Tell me then, those atoms we have seen with electron microscopes are\n>> atoms now, so what are they?  Figments of our imaginations?  The\n>> evidence that atoms are real is overwhelming, but I won\'t bother with\n>> most evidence at the moment.\n>\n>HA HA HA!\n>\n>Sorry, but having studied cell biology, I have to say that "I can see it\n>through an electron microscope, THEREFORE it is real" is a laughable\n>statement.\n>\n[...stuff deleted...]\n\nThank you.  I thought I was in the twilight zone for a moment.\nIt still amazes me that many people with science backgrounds \nstill confuse the models and observables with what even they\nwould call the real world.\n\n-jim halat\n\n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n                                                                             \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn article <30142@ursa.bear.com>, halat@panther.bears (Jim Halat) writes:\n>In article <1993Apr17.153653.26206@Princeton.EDU>, datepper@phoenix.Princeton.EDU (David Aaron Tepper) writes:\n>\n>>You were a liberal arts major, weren\'tcha?\n>>\n>>Guess you never saw that photo of the smallest logo in the world--\n>>"IBM" made with noble gas atoms (krypton? xenon? I forget the\n>>specifics).\n>>\n>>Atoms, trees, electrons are all independently observable and\n>>verifiable. Morals aren\'t. See the difference?\n>\n>\n>Just for the record ( not that any kind of information would be\n>likely to affect your thinking ) I have an MSEE -- focus in\n>Electromagnetics -- from Penn.\n>\n>A photo of the smallest logo in the world does not an atom make.\n>What was observed is something we can measure that matches what \n>the mathematical model we call an atom had predicted.  \n>\n>Much in the same way that we need BOTH a particle model and a\n>wave model for light, the atomic model is a mathematical\n>representation of physical phenomena.  A model that can and\n>probably will continue to change over time.  That makes it \n>subjective (the model that is).  However, the model gives us an\n>objective way to talk about the physical world.\n>\n>To put it another way, the Quantum Mechanical model of the atom\n>allows for discussion of the atom that will give repeatable and\n>unambiguous results, which is objective.  However, as Bohr and\n>Einstein duked it out mid-century, the interpretation of\n>those reapeatable, observable measurements is quite subjective.\n>Bohr said that the observable randomness of atomic motion was\n>inherent in the nature of the universe.  Einstein said particle\n>motion was deterministic, but it was our measurement shortcomings\n>that introduced the randomness.  They were talking about the\n>EXACT same results, though.\n>\n>-jim halat\n',
  u"From: palmer@cco.caltech.edu (David M. Palmer)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters How energetic could they be?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 17\nNNTP-Posting-Host: alumni.caltech.edu\n\nprb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr26.200406.1@vax1.mankato.msus.edu> belgarath@vax1.mankato.msus.edu writes:\n>|energetic for close by.  for the coronal model, we found around 10^43 erg/sec.\n>|And lastly, for the cosmological model an L=10^53. That's what you'd call\n>|moderately energetic, I'd say.  Any suggestions about what could put out that\n>|much energy in one second? \n>>                                                -jeremy\n\n>big Capacitor :-)   Real Big  capacitor.\n\nIt's been suggested.  (Specifically, lightning strikes between clouds\nin the interstellar medium.)\n\n-- \n\t\tDavid M. Palmer\t\tpalmer@alumni.caltech.edu\n\t\t\t\t\tpalmer@tgrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\n",
  u"From: rdouglas@stsci.edu (Rob Douglas)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nOriginator: rdouglas@phaedrus.stsci.edu\nOrganization: Space Telescope Science Institute\nLines: 52\n\n\nIn article <1993Apr27.094238.7682@samba.oit.unc.edu>, Bruce.Scott@launchpad.unc.edu (Bruce Scott) writes:\n|> If re-boosting the HST by carrying it with a shuttle would not damage it,\n|> then why couldn't HST be brought back to earth and the repair job done\n|> here?\n|> \n\nReboost may not be a problem, if they have enough fuel.  If they don't do a \nreboost this time, they will definitely have to do one on the next servicing\nmission.  But try to land a shuttle with that big huge telescope in the \nback and you could have problems.  The shuttle just isn't designed to land \nwith that much weight in the payload.\n\n|> Is it because two shuttle flights would be required, adding to the alredy\n|> horrendous expense?\n|> \n\nof course that is a concern too, and the loss of science during the time\nthat it is on the ground.  plus a fear that if it comes down, some\nbig-wig might not allow it to go back up.  but the main concern, I\nbelieve is the danger of the landing.  Just to add another bad vibe,\nthey also increase the risk of damaging an instrument.  Finally, \nthis is a chance for NASA astronanuts to prove they could build and\nservice a space station.  Hubble was designed for in flight servicing.\n\nbringing the telescope down, to my understanding, was considered\neven very recently, but all these factors contribute to the \ndecision to do it the way it was planned in the beginning.\n\n|> Gruss,\n|> Dr Bruce Scott                             The deadliest bullshit is\n|> Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik       odorless and transparent\n|> bds at spl6n1.aug.ipp-garching.mpg.de                 -- W Gibson\n\nROB\n-- \n===========================================================================\n| Rob Douglas                     | SPACE     | 3700 San Martin Drive     |\n| AI Software Engineer            | TELESCOPE | Baltimore, MD  21218, USA |\n| Advance Planning Systems Branch | SCIENCE   | Phone: (410) 338-4497     |\n| Internet: rdouglas@stsci.edu    | INSTITUTE | Fax:   (410) 338-1592     |\n===========================================================================\n\nDisclaimer-type-thingie>>>>>  These opinions are mine!  Unless of course \n\tthey fall under the standard intellectual property guidelines. \n\tBut with my intellect, I doubt it.  Besides, if it was useful\n\tintellectual property, do you think I would type it in here?\n-- \n===========================================================================\n| Rob Douglas                     | SPACE     | 3700 San Martin Drive     |\n| AI Software Engineer            | TELESCOPE | Baltimore, MD  21218, USA |\n| Advance Planning Systems Branch | SCIENCE   | Phone: (410) 338-4497     |\n",
  u'From: mdpyssc@fs1.mcc.ac.uk (Sue Cunningham)\nSubject: Fractals? What good are they ?\nOrganization: Manchester Computing Centre\nLines: 5\n\nWe have been using Iterated Systems compression board to compress \npathology images and are getting ratios of 40:1 to 70:1 without too\nmuch loss in quality. It is taking about 4 mins per image to compress,\non a 25Mhz 486 but decompression is almost real time on a 386 in software \nalone.\n',
  u'From: fiddler@concertina.Eng.Sun.COM (steve hix)\nSubject: Re: TRUE "GLOBE", Who makes it?\nOrganization: Sun\nLines: 18\nNNTP-Posting-Host: concertina\n\nIn article <bill.047m@xpresso.UUCP> bill@xpresso.UUCP (Bill Vance) writes:\n>It has been known for quite a while that the earth is actually more pear\n>shaped than globular/spherical.  Does anyone make a "globe" that is accurate\n>as to actual shape, landmass configuration/Long/Lat lines etc.?\n\nThe variance from perfect sphericity in a model of the earth small enough\nto fit into your home would probably be imperceptible.\n\nAny globe you can buy will be close enough.\n\n\n\n\n-- \n-------------------------------------------------------\n| Some things are too important not to give away      |\n| to everybody else and have none left for yourself.  |\n|------------------------ Dieter the car salesman-----|\n',
  u"From: bryanw@rahul.net (Bryan Woodworth)\nSubject: Re: CView answers\nOrganization: a2i network\nLines: 13\nNntp-Posting-Host: bolero\n\nIn <1993Apr17.113223.12092@imag.fr> schaefer@imag.imag.fr (Arno Schaefer) writes:\n\n>Sorry, Bryan, this is not quite correct. Remember the VGALIB package that comes\n>with Linux/SLS? It will switch to VGA 320x200x256 mode *without* Xwindows.\n>So at least it is *possible* to write a GIF viewer under Linux. However I don't\n>think that there exists a similar SVGA package, and viewing GIFs in 320x200 is\n>not very nice.\n\nNo, VGALIB?  Amazing..  I guess it was lost in all those subdirs :-)\nThanks for correcting me.  It doesn't sound very appealing though, only\n320x200?  I'm glad it wasn't something major I missed.\n\nThanks,\n",
  u'From: bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig)\nSubject: Re: 14 Apr 93   God\'s Promise in 1 John 1: 7\nOrganization: Starfleet Headquarters: San Francisco\nLines: 33\n\nbrian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615) writes:\n>\n>Be warned, it is not my job to convert you.  That is the job of\n>the Holy Spirit.  And I, frankly, make a lousy one.  I am only\n>here to testify.  Your conversion is between you and God.  I am\n>"out of the loop".  If you decide to follow Jesus, of which I\n>indeed would be estatic, then all the glory be to God.\n\nI\'ve asked your god several times with all my heart to come to me.  I\nreally wish I could believe in him, \'cos no matter how much confidence\nI build up on my own, the universe *is* a big place, and it would be\nso nice to know I have someone watching over me in it...\n\nI\'ve gone into this with an open mind.  I\'ve layed my beliefs aside\nfrom time to time when I\'ve had doubt, and I\'ve prayed to see what\ngood that would do.  I don\'t see what more I can do to open myself to\nyour god, short of just deciding to believe for no good reason.  And\nif I decide to believe for no good reason, why not believe in some\nother god?  Zeus seems like a pretty cool candidate...\n\nAll I know is that in all my searching, even though I\'ve set aside my\npride and decided that I want to know the truth no matter how\ndifficult it may be to accept, I have never had any encounter with any\ndeity, Christian or otherwise.\n\nPlease tell me what more I can do while still remaining true to myself.\n\n-- \n_/_/_/  Brian Kendig                             Je ne suis fait comme aucun\n/_/_/  bskendig@netcom.com                de ceux que j\'ai vus; j\'ose croire\n_/_/                            n\'etre fait comme aucun de ceux qui existent.\n  /  The meaning of life     Si je ne vaux pas mieux, au moins je suis autre.\n /    is that it ends.                                           -- Rousseau\n',
  u'From: tffreeba@indyvax.iupui.edu\nSubject: Re: Death and Taxes (was Why not give $1 billion to...\nLines: 31\n\nIn article <1993Apr27.072512.439@bby.com.au>, gnb@baby.bby.com.au (Gregory N. Bond) writes:\n> In article <1993Apr22.162501.747@indyvax.iupui.edu> tffreeba@indyvax.iupui.edu writes:\n> \n>    ...  So how about this?  Give the winning group\n>    (I can\'t see one company or corp doing it) a 10, 20, or 50 year\n>    moratorium on taxes.\n> \n> You are talking about the bozos who can\'t even manage in November to\n> keep promises about taxes made in October, and you expect them to make\n> (and keep!) a 50-year promise like that?  \n\nWe want to give lawyers something to do in the 21st cen., don\'t we?\n\n>Your faith in the political\n> system is much higher than mine.  I wouldn\'t even begin to expect that\n> in Australia, and we don\'t have institutionalised corruption like you\n> do.\n\nOh I bet you do.  They are probably just better at it than our crooks. :-)\n\n> --\n> Gregory Bond <gnb@bby.com.au> Burdett Buckeridge & Young Ltd Melbourne Australia\n>    Knox\'s 386 is slick.            Fox in Sox, on Knox\'s Box\n>    Knox\'s box is very quick.       Plays lots of LSL. He\'s sick!\n> (Apologies to John "Iron Bar" Mackin.)\n\nTom Freebairn | We came.\n\t      | We saw.\n\t      | We went home.\n\t\tSome early 20th cen. baseball player\n\t\tAnybody know who or why? (definitly e-mail stuff.)\t\t\n',
  u'From: jburrill@boi.hp.com (Jim Burrill)\nSubject: Re: Disillusioned Protestant Finds Christ\nOrganization: Idaho River Country, The Salmon, Payette, Clearwater, Boise, Selway, Priest.\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1.8 PL6]\nLines: 31\n\nJohn W. Redelfs (cj195@cleveland.Freenet.Edu) wrote:\n: \n: I am a Mormon.  I believe in Christ, that he is alive.  He raised himself\n: [Text deleted]\n:\n: I learned that the concept of the Holy Trinity was never taught by Jesus\n: Christ, that it was "agreed to" by a council of clergymen long after Christ\n: was ascended, men who had no authority to speak for him.\n:\nIf Jesus never taught the concept of the Trinity, how do you deal with the \nfollowing:   \n\n   Mat 28 18 Then Jesus came to them and said, "All authority in heaven\n   and on earth has been given to me.\n\n   Mat 28 19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing\n   them in\xb9 the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,\n\n   Mat 28 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.\n   And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age." \n\nAlso Jesus speaking:\n\n   Act 1 5 For John baptized with\xb9 water, but in a few days you will\n   be baptized with the Holy Spirit."\n\nI believe that you may have overlooked some key verses, that are crucial to\nthe Christian faith. \n\nJim Burrill\njburrill@boi.hp.com\n',
  u'From: spl@ivem.ucsd.edu (Steve Lamont)\nSubject: Re: Point within a polygon\nOrganization: University of Calif., San Diego/Microscopy and Imaging Resource\nLines: 15\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ivem.ucsd.edu\nKeywords: point, polygon\n\nIn article <1993Apr14.102007.20664@uk03.bull.co.uk> scrowe@hemel.bull.co.uk (Simon Crowe) writes:\n>I am looking for an algorithm to determine if a given point is bound by a \n>polygon. Does anyone have any such code or a reference to book containing\n>information on the subject ?\n\nSee the article "An Efficient Ray-Polygon Intersection," p. 390 in\nGraphics Gems (ISBN 0-12-286165-5).  The second step, intersecting the\npolygon, does what you want.  There is sample code in the book.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspl\n-- \nSteve Lamont, SciViGuy -- (619) 534-7968 -- spl@szechuan.ucsd.edu\nSan Diego Microscopy and Imaging Resource/UC San Diego/La Jolla, CA 92093-0608\n"They are not Bolsheviks,\n        just bullshitviks."  - Yevgeny Yevtechenko, "Again a meeting..."\n',
  u'From: Cohen@ssdgwy.mdc.com (Andy Cohen)\nSubject: Re: Single Launch Space Station\nOrganization: MDA-W\nLines: 14\nDistribution: sci\nNNTP-Posting-Host: q5022531.mdc.com\n\nIn article <C69qA6.J4w.1@cs.cmu.edu>, 0004244402@mcimail.com (Karl Dishaw)\nwrote:\n> \n> Andy Cohen <Cohen@ssdgwy.mdc.com> writes:\n> >the Single Launch Core Station concept.  A Shuttle external tank and solid\n> >rocket boosters would be used  to launch the station into orbit.  Shuttle\n> >main engines would be mounted to the tail of the station module for launch\n> >and jettisoned after ET separation.\n> \n> Why jettison the SSMEs?  Why not hold on to them and have a shuttle \n> bring them down to use as spares?\n\nGood question....I asked that myself....However, since this option is as\nexpensive as the Freedom derivative, the issue will likely be moot.\n',
  u'From: leech@cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech)\nSubject: Space FAQ 08/15 - Addresses\nSupersedes: <addresses_730956515@cs.unc.edu>\nOrganization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill\nLines: 230\nDistribution: world\nExpires: 6 May 1993 19:58:29 GMT\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mahler.cs.unc.edu\nKeywords: Frequently Asked Questions\n\nArchive-name: space/addresses\nLast-modified: $Date: 93/04/01 14:38:55 $\n\nCONTACTING NASA, ESA, AND OTHER SPACE AGENCIES/COMPANIES\n\nMany space activities center around large Government or International\nBureaucracies.\tIn the US that means NASA.  If you have basic information\nrequests: (e.g., general PR info, research grants, data, limited tours, and\nESPECIALLY SUMMER EMPLOYMENT (typically resumes should be ready by Jan.  1),\netc.), consider contacting the nearest NASA Center to answer your questions.\n\nEMail typically will not get you any where, computers are used by\ninvestigators, not PR people. The typical volume of mail per Center is a\nmultiple of 10,000 letters a day. Seek the Public Information Office at one\nof the below, this is their job:\n\nNASA (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is the\ncivilian space agency of of the United States Federal Government.\nIt reports directly to the White House and is not a Cabinet\npost such as the military Department of Defense.  Its 20K+ employees\nare civil servants and hence US citizens.  Another 100K+ contractors\nalso work for NASA.\n\nNASA CENTERS\n\n    NASA Headquarters (NASA HQ)\n    Washington DC 20546\n    (202)-358-1600\n\n\tAsk them questions about policy, money, and things of political\n\tnature. Direct specific questions to the appropriate center.\n\n    NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)\n    Moffett Field, CA 94035\n    (415)-694-5091\n\n\tSome aeronautical research, atmosphere reentry, Mars and Venus\n\tplanetary atmospheres. "Lead center" for Helicopter research,\n\tV/STOL, etc. Runs Pioneer series of space probes.\n\n    NASA Ames Research Center\n    Dryden Flight Research Facility [DFRF]\n    P. O. Box 273\n    Edwards, CA  93523\n    (805)-258-8381\n\n\tAircraft, mostly. Tested the shuttle orbiter landing\n\tcharacteristics. Developed X-1, D-558, X-3, X-4, X-5, XB-70, and of\n\tcourse, the X-15.\n\n    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)\n    Greenbelt, MD 20771\n    [Outside of Washington DC]\n    (301)-344-6255\n\n\tEarth orbiting unmanned satellites and sounding rockets. Developed\n\tLANDSAT.\n\n    Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)\n    California Institute of Technology\n    4800 Oak Grove Dr.\n    Pasadena, CA 91109\n    (818)-354-5011\n\n\tThe "heavies" in planetary research probes and other unmanned\n\tprojects (they also had a lot to do with IRAS). They run Voyager,\n\tMagellan, Galileo, and will run Cassini, CRAF, etc. etc.. For\n\timages, probe navigation, and other info about unmanned exploration,\n\tthis is the place to go.\n\n\tJPL is run under contract for NASA by the nearby California\n\tInstitute of Technology, unlike the NASA centers above. This\n\tdistinction is subtle but critical. JPL has different requirements\n\tfor unsolicited research proposals and summer hires. For instance in\n\tthe latter, an SF 171 is useless. Employees are Caltech employees,\n\tcontractors, and for the most part have similar responsibilities.\n\tThey offer an alternative to funding after other NASA Centers.\n\n\tA fact sheet and description of JPL is available by anonymous\n\tFTP in\n\n\t    ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/FAQ/JPLDescription\n\n    NASA Johnson Manned Space Center (JSC)\n    Houston, TX 77058\n    (713)-483-5111\n\n\tJSC manages Space Shuttle, ground control of manned missions.\n\tAstronaut training. Manned mission simulators.\n\n    NASA Kennedy Space Flight Center (KSC)\n    Titusville, FL 32899\n    (407)-867-2468\n\n\tSpace launch center. You know this one.\n\n    NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC)\n    Hampton, VA 23665\n    [Near Newport News, VA]\n    (804)-865-2935\n\n\tOriginal NASA site. Specializes in theoretical and experimental\n\tflight dynamics. Viking. Long Duration Exposure Facility.\n\n    NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC)\n    21000 Brookpark Rd.\n    Cleveland, OH 44135\n    (216)-433-4000\n\n\tAircraft/Rocket propulsion. Space power generation. Materials\n\tresearch.\n\n    NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)\n    Huntsville, AL 35812\n    (205)-453-0034\n\n\tDevelopment, production, delivery of Solid Rocket Boosters, External\n\tTank, Orbiter main engines. Propulsion and launchers.\n\n    Michoud Assembly Facility\n    Orleans Parish\n    New Orleans, LA 70129\n    (504)-255-2601\n\n\tShuttle external tanks are produced here; formerly Michoud produced\n\tfirst stages for the Saturn V.\n\n    Stennis Space Center\n    Bay St. Louis, Mississippi 39529\n    (601)-688-3341\n\n\tSpace Shuttle main engines are tested here, as were Saturn V first\n\tand second stages. The center also does remote-sensing and\n\ttechnology-transfer research.\n\n    Wallops Flight Center\n    Wallops Island, VA 23337\n    (804)824-3411\n\t    Aeronautical research, sounding rockets, Scout launcher.\n\n    Manager, Technology Utilization Office\n    NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility\n    Post Office Box 8757\n    Baltimore, Maryland 21240\n\n    Specific requests for software must go thru COSMIC at the Univ. of\n    Georgia, NASA\'s contracted software redistribution service. You can\n    reach them at cosmic@uga.bitnet.\n\n    NOTE: Foreign nationals requesting information must go through their\n    Embassies in Washington DC. These are facilities of the US Government\n    and are regarded with some degree of economic sensitivity. Centers\n    cannot directly return information without high Center approval. Allow\n    at least 1 month for clearance. This includes COSMIC.\n\nThe US Air Force Space Command can be contacted thru the Pentagon along with\n    other Department of Defense offices. They have unacknowledged offices in\n    Los Angeles, Sunnyvale, Colorado Springs, and other locations. They have\n    a budget which rivals NASA in size.\n\nARIANESPACE HEADQUARTERS\n    Boulevard de l\'Europe\n    B.P. 177\n    91006 Evry Cedex\n    France\n\nARIANESPACE, INC.\n    1747 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Suite 875\n    Washington, DC 20006\n    (202)-728-9075\n\nEUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA)\n    955 L\'Enfant Plaza S.W.\n    Washington, D.C. 20024\n    (202)-488-4158\n\nNATIONAL SPACE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (NASDA)\n    4-1 Hamamatsu-Cho, 2 Chome\n    Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, JAPAN\n\nSOYUZKARTA\n    45 Vologradsij Pr.\n    Moscow 109125\n    USSR\n\nSPACE CAMP\n    Alabama Space and Rocket Center\tU.S. SPACE CAMP\n    1 Tranquility Base\t\t\t6225 Vectorspace Blvd\n    Huntsville, AL 35805\t\tTitusville FL  32780\n    (205)-837-3400\t\t\t(407)267-3184\n\n    Registration and mailing list are handled through Huntsville -- both\n    camps are described in the same brochure.\n\n    Programs offered at Space Camp are:\n\n\tSpace Camp - one week, youngsters completing grades 4-6\n\tSpace Academy I - one week, grades 7-9\n\tAviation Challenge - one week high school program, grades 9-11\n\tSpace Academy II - 8 days, college accredited, grades 10-12\n\tAdult Program - 3 days (editorial comment: it\'s great!)\n\tTeachers Program - 5 days\n\nSPACE COMMERCE CORPORATION (U.S. agent for Soviet launch services)\n    504 Pluto Drive\t\t    69th flr, Texas Commerce Tower\n    Colorado Springs, CO 80906\t    Houston, TX 77002\n    (719)-578-5490\t\t    (713)-227-9000\n\nSPACEHAB\n    600 Maryland Avenue, SW\n    Suite 201 West\n    Washington, DC 20004\n    (202)-488-3483\n\nSPOT IMAGE CORPORATION\n    1857 Preston White Drive,\n    Reston, VA 22091\n    (FAX) (703)-648-1813    (703)-620-2200\n\n\nOTHER COMMERCIAL SPACE BUSINESSES\n\n    Vincent Cate maintains a list with addresses and some info for a variety\nof companies in space-related businesses. This is mailed out on the\nspace-investors list he runs (see the "Network Resources" FAQ) and is also\navailable by anonymous ftp from furmint.nectar.cs.cmu.edu (128.2.209.111) in\n/usr/vac/ftp/space-companies.\n\n\nNEXT: FAQ #9/15 - Schedules for space missions, and how to see them\n',
  u"From: rytg7@fel.tno.nl (Q. van Rijt)\nSubject: Re: Sphere from 4 points?\nOrganization: TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory\nLines: 26\n\nThere is another useful method based on Least Sqyares Estimation of the sphere equation parameters.\n\nThe points (x,y,z) on a spherical surface with radius R and center (a,b,c) can be written as \n\n   (x-a)^2 + (y-b)^2 + (z-c)^2 = R^2\n\nThis equation can be rewritten into the following form:  \n\n   2ax + 2by + 2cz + R^2 - a^2 - b^2 -c^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2\n\nApproximate the left hand part by   F(x,y,z) = p1.x + p2.x + p3.z + p4.1\n\nFor all datapoints, i.c. 4, determine the 4 parameters p1..p4 which minimise the average error |F(x,y,z) - x^2 - y^2 - z^2|^2.\n\nIn 'Numerical Recipes in C' can be found algorithms to solve these parameters.\n\nThe best fitting sphere will have \n- center (a,b,c) = (p1/2, p2/2, p3/2)\n- radius R = sqrt(p4 + a.a + b.b + c.c).\n\nSo, at last, will this solve you sphere estination problem, at least for the most situations I think ?.\n\nQuick van Rijt, rytg7@fel.tno.nl\n\n\n\n",
  u'From: darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice)\nSubject: Re: Islam & Dress Code for women\nOrganization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.\nLines: 120\n\nIn <16BA7103C3.I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de> I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr5.091258.11830@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>\n>darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:\n> \n>(Deletion)\n>>>>Of course people say what they think to be the religion, and that this\n>>>>is not exactly the same coming from different people within the\n>>>>religion.  There is nothing with there existing different perspectives\n>>>>within the religion -- perhaps one can say that they tend to converge on\n>>>>the truth.\n>>\n>>>My point is that they are doing a lot of harm on the way in the meantime.\n>>>\n>>>And that they converge is counterfactual, religions appear to split and\n>>>diverge. Even when there might be a \'True Religion\' at the core, the layers\n>>>above determine what happens in practise, and they are quite inhumane\n>>>usually.\n>>>\n> \n>What you post then is supposed to be an answer, but I don\'t see what is has\n>got to do with what I say.\n> \n>I will repeat it. Religions as are harm people. And religions don\'t\n>converge, they split. Giving more to disagree upon. And there is a lot\n>of disagreement to whom one should be tolerant or if one should be\n>tolerant at all.\n\nIdeologies also split, giving more to disagree upon, and may also lead\nto intolerance.  So do you also oppose all ideologies?\n\nI don\'t think your argument is an argument against religion at all, but\njust points out the weaknesses of human nature.\n\n>(Big deletion)\n>>(2) Do women have souls in Islam?\n>>\n>>People have said here that some Muslims say that women do not have\n>>souls.  I must admit I have never heard of such a view being held by\n>>Muslims of any era.  I have heard of some Christians of some eras\n>>holding this viewpoint, but not Muslims.  Are you sure you might not be\n>>confusing Christian history with Islamic history?\n> \n>Yes, it is supposed to have been a predominant view in the Turkish\n>Caliphate.\n\nI would like a reference if you have got one, for this is news to me.\n\n>>Anyhow, that women are the spiritual equals of men can be clearly shown\n>>from many verses of the Qur\'an.  For example, the Qur\'an says:\n>>\n>>"For Muslim men and women, --\n>>for believing men and women,\n>>for devout men and women,\n>>for true men and women,\n>>for men and women who are patient and constant,\n>>for men and women who humble themselves,\n>>for men and women who give in charity,\n>>for men and women who fast (and deny themselves),\n>>for men and women who guard their chastity,\n>>and for men and women who engage much in God\'s praise --\n>>For them has God prepared forgiveness and a great reward."\n>>\n>>[Qur\'an 33:35, Abdullah Yusuf Ali\'s translation]\n>>\n>>There are other quotes too, but I think the above quote shows that men\n>>and women are spiritual equals (and thus, that women have souls just as\n>>men do) very clearly.\n>>\n> \n>No, it does not. It implies that they have souls, but it does not say they\n>have souls. And it is not given that the quote above is given a high\n>priority in all interpretations.\n\nOne must approach the Qur\'an with intelligence.  Any thinking approach\nto the Qur\'an cannot but interpret the above verse and others like it\nthat women and men are spiritual equals.\n\nI think that the above verse does clearly imply that women have\nsouls.  Does it make any sense for something without a soul to be\nforgiven?  Or to have a great reward (understood to be in the\nafter-life)?  I think the usual answer would be no -- in which case, the\npart saying "For them has God prepared forgiveness and a great reward"\nsays they have souls.  \n\n(If it makes sense to say that things without souls can be forgiven, then \nI have no idea _what_ a soul is.)\n\nAs for your saying that the quote above may not be given a high priority\nin all interpretations, any thinking approach to the Qur\'an has to give\nall verses of the Qur\'an equal priority.  That is because, according to\nMuslim belief, the _whole_ Qur\'an is the revelation of God -- in fact,\ndenying the truth of any part of the Qur\'an is sufficient to be\nconsidered a disbeliever in Islam.\n\n>Quite similar to you other post, even when the Quran does not encourage\n>slavery, it is not justified to say that iit forbids or puts an end to\n>slavery. It is a non sequitur.\n\nLook, any approach to the Qur\'an must be done with intelligence and\nthought.  It is in this fashion that one can try to understand the\nQuran\'s message.  In a book of finite length, it cannot explicitly\nanswer every question you want to put to it, but through its teachings\nit can guide you.  I think, however, that women are the spiritual equals\nof men is clearly and unambiguously implied in the above verse, and that\nsince women can clearly be "forgiven" and "rewarded" they _must_ have\nsouls (from the above verse).\n\nLet\'s try to understand what the Qur\'an is trying to teach, rather than\ntry to see how many ways it can be misinterpreted by ignoring this\npassage or that passage.  The misinterpretations of the Qur\'an based on\nignoring this verse or that verse are infinite, but the interpretations \nfully consistent are more limited.  Let\'s try to discuss these\ninterpretations consistent with the text rather than how people can\nignore this bit or that bit, for that is just showing how people can try\nto twist Islam for their own ends -- something I do not deny -- but\nprovides no reflection on the true teachings of Islam whatsoever.\n\n Fred Rice\n darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au   \n',
  u'From: todd@phad.la.locus.com (Todd Johnson)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: Locus Computing Corporation, Los Angeles, California\nLines: 28\n\nIn article <C5t05K.DB6@research.canon.oz.au> enzo@research.canon.oz.au (Enzo Liguori) writes:\n;From the article "What\'s New" Apr-16-93 in sci.physics.research:\n;\n;........\n;WHAT\'S NEW (in my opinion), Friday, 16 April 1993  Washington, DC\n;\n;1. SPACE BILLBOARDS! IS THIS ONE THE "SPINOFFS" WE WERE PROMISED?\n;What about light pollution in observations? (I read somewhere else that\n;it might even be visible during the day, leave alone at night).\n;Is NASA really supporting this junk?\n;Are protesting groups being organized in the States?\n;Really, really depressed.\n;\n;             Enzo\n\nI wouldn\'t worry about it.  There\'s enough space debris up there that\na mile-long inflatable would probably deflate in some very short\nperiod of time (less than a year) while cleaning up LEO somewhat.\nSort of a giant fly-paper in orbit.\n\nHmm, that could actually be useful.\n\nAs for advertising -- sure, why not?  A NASA friend and I spent one\ndrunken night figuring out just exactly how much gold mylar we\'d need\nto put the golden arches of a certain American fast food organization\non the face of the Moon.  Fortunately, we sobered up in the morning.\n\n<todd>\n',
  u"From: stefan@lis.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de (Stefan Eckart)\nSubject: dmpeg10.zip info: Another DOS MPEG decoder/player posted\nKeywords: MPEG, DOS\nReply-To: stefan@lis.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de\nOrganization: Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Germany\nLines: 74\n\n\nI have posted a DOS MPEG decoder/player to alt.binaries.pictures.utilities.\n\nHere is a short description and some technical information, taken from the\naccompanying documentation:\n\n\n                              DMPEG V1.0\n\n                       Public Domain MPEG decoder\n\n                           by Stefan Eckart\n\n\n0. Features\n===========\n\nDMPEG/DMPLAY is another MPEG decoder/player for the PC:\n\n\n - decodes (nearly) the full MPEG video standard\n   (I,P,B frames, frame size up to at least 352x240 supported)\n\n - saves decoded sequence in 8 or 24bit raw file for later display\n\n - optional on-screen display during decoding (requires VGA)\n\n - several dithering options: ordered dither, Floyd-Steinberg, grayscale\n\n - color-space selection\n\n - runs under DOS, 640KB RAM, no MS-Windows required\n\n - very compact (small code / small data models, 16 bit arithmetic)\n\n - real time display of the raw file by a separate player for\n   VGA and many Super-VGAs\n\n...\n\n4. Technical information\n========================\n\nThe player is a rather straightforward implementation of the MPEG spec [1].\nThe IDCT is based on the Chen-Wang 13 multiplication algorithm [2]\n(not quite the optimum, I know). Blocks with not more than eight non-zero\ncoefficients use a non-separated direct multiply-accumulate 2D-IDCT\n(sounds great, doesn't it?), which turned out to be faster than a 'fast'\nalgorithm in this (quite common) case. Dithering is pretty standard. Main\ndifference to the Berkeley decoder (except for the fewer number of supported\nalgorithms) is the use of 256 instead of 128 colors, the (default) option to\nuse a restricted color-space and the implementation of a color saturation\ndominant ordered dither. This leads to a significantly superior quality of\nthe dithered image (I claim, judge yourself).\n\nRestricted color-space means that the U and V components are clipped to\n+/-0.25 (instead of +/-0.5) and the display color-space points are distributed\nover this restricted space. Since the distance between color-space points\nis thus reduced by a factor of two, the color resolution is doubled at the\nexpense of not being able to represent fully saturated colors.\n\nSaturation dominant ordered dither is a method by which a color, lying\nsomewhere between the points of the display color space, is approximated\nby primarily alternating between two points of constant hue instead of\nconstant saturation. This yields subjectivly better quality due to the\nlower sensitivity of the human viewing system to saturation changes than\nto hue changes (the same reasoning as used by the PAL TV standard to improve\non NTSC). The improvement is particularly visible in dark brown or redish\nareas.\n\n...\n\n--\nStefan Eckart, stefan@lis.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de\n",
  u'From: fcrary@ucsu.Colorado.EDU (Frank Crary)\nSubject: Re: No. Re: Space Marketing would be wonderfull.\nNntp-Posting-Host: ucsu.colorado.edu\nOrganization: University of Colorado, Boulder\nLines: 50\n\nIn article <1t4pkc$ovf@almaak.usc.edu> ajayshah@almaak.usc.edu (Ajay Shah) writes:\n>If this idea goes through, it\'s the thin end of the wedge.  Soon\n>companies will be doing larger, and more permanant, billboards in the\n>sky.  I wouldn\'t want a world a few decades from now when the sky\n>looks like Las Vegas.  That would _really_ make me sad.\n\nThink for a moment about the technology required to do that.  By \nthe time they could make the Earth\'s sky look like Las Vegas, \nthe people could afford to go backpacking on the Moon. Round\ntrip costs for 500 kg to the Moon would be about the same as\n5000 kg in a Low Earth "advertising" orbit: Very roughly the\nsame cost as a smallish billboard, therefore. If such ads were\nto become common place, that would have to be a very low price...\n\nThe night sky on a Lunar backpacking trip would still be very \npristine... \n\nThere\'s always been a problem of having to get \naway from civilization before you can really find "natural"\nscenery. 100 years ago, this usually didn\'t take a trip\nof over 5 miles. Today, most people would have to go 100 miles\nor more. If we ever get to the point where we have billboards\non orbit, that essentially means that no place on Earth is still\n"wild." While that may or may not be a good thing, the orbital\nbillboards aren\'t the problem: They are just a symptom of \ngrowing, densely-populated civilization. Banning such ads will\nnot save your view of the night sky, because by the time \nsuch ads could become widespread you will probably have trouble\nfinding a place without street lights, where you can _see_\nthe stars...\n\n>Coca Cola company will want to paint the moon red and white.  (Well,\n>if not this moon, then a moon of Jupiter)...\n \nAn ad on a moon of Jupiter would be rather pointless, since you need\na telescope to see them. However, I\'d love to see them get all\nthe publicity they could from underwritting the "Coca Cola Io\nOrbital Mapping Probe."  \n\n>...Microscum will want to\n>name a galaxy `Microscum Galaxy\'.\n\nThey already can, to some extent: The IAU allows names derived from\nsponsors or patrons of scientific research. If Microscum donates\nmoney to a university astronomy program, one of the galactic \nastronomers could easily get a newly discovered galaxy named after\nthem.\n  \n                                              Frank Crary\n                                              CU Boulder\n',
  u'From: ins559n@aurora.cc.monash.edu.au (Andrew Bulhak)\nSubject: Re: 666 - MARK OF THE BEAST - NEED INFO\nOrganization: Monash University\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 14\n\n (U28698@uicvm.uic.edu) wrote:\n: Marian CATHOLIC high school, outside of chicago:\n: \n: 666 south ASHLAND avenue.\n: \nActually, Satanism is technically inverted Catholicism.\n\n\n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n|  Andrew Bulhak\t     | :plonk: n. The sound of Richard Depew        |\n|  acb@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au |   hitting the ground after being             | \n|  Monash Uni, Clayton,      |   defenestrated by a posse of angry Usenet   |\n|  Victoria, Australia       |   posters.                                   |\n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n',
  u'From: zyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh)\nSubject: Ellipse Again\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 39\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: caspian.usc.edu\nKeywords: ellipse\n\n\nHi! Everyone,\n\nBecause no one has touched the problem I posted last week, I guess\nmy question was not so clear. Now I\'d like to describe it in detail:\n\nThe offset of an ellipse is the locus of the center of a circle which\nrolls on the ellipse. In other words, the distance between the ellipse\nand its offset is same everywhere.\n\nThis problem comes from the geometric measurement when a probe is used.\nThe tip of the probe is a ball and the computer just outputs the\npositions of the ball\'s center. Is the offset of an ellipse still\nan ellipse? The answer is no! Ironically, DMIS - an American Indutrial\nStandard says it is ellipse. So almost all the software which was\nimplemented on the base of DMIS was wrong. The software was also sold\ninternationaly. Imagine, how many people have or will suffer from this bug!!!\nHow many qualified parts with ellipse were/will be discarded? And most\nimportantly, how many defective parts with ellipse are/will be used?\n\nI was employed as a consultant by a company in Los Angeles last year\nto specially solve this problem. I spent two months on analysis of this\nproblem and six months on programming. Now my solution (nonlinear)\nis not ideal because I can only reconstruct an ellipse from its entire\nor half offset. It is very difficult to find the original ellipse from\na quarter or a segment of its offset because the method I used is not\nanalytical. I am now wondering if I didn\'t touch the base and make things\ncomplicated. Please give me a hint.\n\nI know you may argue this is not a CG problem. You are right, it is not.\nHowever, so many people involved in the problem "sphere from 4 poits".\nWhy not an ellipse? And why not its offset?\n\nPlease post here and let the others share our interests \n(I got several emails from our netters, they said they need the\nsummary of the answers).\n\nYeh\nUSC\n',
  u'Subject: Re: Age of Reason Was: Who has read Rushdie\'s\nFrom: SSAUYET@eagle.wesleyan.edu (Scott D. Sauyet)\n <EDM.93Apr20145436@gocart.twisto.compaq.com> <11867@vice.ICO.TEK.COM> <sandvik-200493233434@sandvik-kent.apple.com>\nDistribution: world\nNntp-Posting-Host: wesleyan.edu\nX-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.20In-Reply-To: sandvik@newton.apple.com\'s message of Wed, 21 Apr 1993 06:38:30 GMTLines: 29\nLines: 29\n\nsandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n\n> This is the story of Kent, the archetype Finn, that lives in the \n> Bay Area, and tried to purchase Thomas Paine\'s "Age of Reason". This\n> man was driving around, to Staceys, to Books Inc, to "Well, Cleanlighted\n> Place", to Daltons, to various other places.\n> \n> When he asked for this book, the well educated American book store\n> assistants in most placed asked him to check out the thriller section,\n> or then they said that his book has not been published yet, but they\n> should receive the book soon. In some places the assistants bluntly\n> said that they don\'t know of such an author, or that he is not \n> a well known living author, so they don\'t keep copies of his books.\n> \n> Such is the life and times of America, 200+ years after the revolution.\n\nOn a similar note, a good friend of mine worked as a clerk in a\nchain bookstore.  Several of his peers were amazing, one woman in\nparticular:\n\nA customer asked her if they had _The Autobiography of Benjamin\nFranklin_.  "Who\'s it by?" was her first question.  Then, "Is he\nstill alive?"  Then, "Is it fiction or non-fiction?" \n\nFinally my friend intervened, and showed the guy where it was.\n \nIt makes one wonder what the standards of employment are.\n\n -- Scott Sauyet            ssauyet@eagle.wesleyan.edu\n',
  u"From: zyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh)\nSubject: Delaunay Triangulation\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 9\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: caspian.usc.edu\n\n\nDoes anybody know what Delaunay Triangulation is?\nIs there any reference to it? \nIs it useful for creating 3-D objects? If yes, what's the advantage?\n\nThanks in advance.\n\nYeh\nUSC\n",
  u'From: mangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate)\nSubject: Re: A visit from the Jehovah\'s Witnesses (good grief!)\nLines: 7\n\nThe amount of energy being spent on ONE LOUSY SYLLOGISM says volumes for the\ntrue position of reason in this group.\n-- \nC. Wingate        + "The peace of God, it is no peace,\n                  +    but strife closed in the sod.\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu +  Yet, brothers, pray for but one thing:\ntove!mangoe       +    the marv\'lous peace of God."\n',
  u'From: pww@spacsun.rice.edu (Peter Walker)\nSubject: Re: Cults Vs. Religions?\nOrganization: I didn\'t do it, nobody saw me, you can\'t prove a thing.\nLines: 25\n\nIn article <1r4bfe$7hg@aurora.engr.LaTech.edu>, ray@engr.LaTech.edu (Bill\nRay) wrote:\n> \n> James Thomas Green (jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu) wrote:\n> \n> :  \n> : So in conclusion it can be shown that there is essentially no\n> : logical argument which clearly differentiates a "cult" from a\n> : "religion".  I challenge anyone to produce a distinction which\n> : is clear and can\'t be easily knocked down.  \n> \n> How about this one: a religion is a cult which has stood the test\n> of time.\n\nOr a religion is a cult that got co-opted by people who are better at\ncompartmentalizing their irrationality.\n\nPeter\n\nDon\'t forget to sing:\n            They say there\'s a heaven for those who will wait\n                Some say it\'s better, but I say it ain\'t\n        I\'d rather laugh with the sinners than cry with the saints\n                     The sinners are much more fun\n                         Only the good die young!\n',
  u"From: khayash@hsc.usc.edu (Ken Hayashida)\nSubject: Re: What planets are habitable\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 53\nDistribution: sci\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hsc.usc.edu\n\nIn article <JPG.93Apr27135219@holly.bnr.co.uk> jpg@bnr.co.uk (Jonathan P. Gibbons) writes:\n>I would appreciate any thoughts on what makes a planet habitable for Humans.\n>I am making asumptions that life and a similar atmosphere evolve given a range\n>of physical aspects of the planet.  The question is what physical aspects\n>simply disallow earth like conditions.\n>\n>eg Temperature range of 280K to 315K (where temp is purely dependant on dist\n>     from the sun and the suns temperature..)\n>   Atmospheric presure ? - I know nothing of human tolerance\n>   Planetary Mass ? - again gravity at surface is important, how much\n>     can human bodies take day after day.  Also how does the mass effect\n>     atmosphere.  I thinking of planets between .3 and 3 times mass of the\n>     earth.  I suppose density should be important as well.\n>\n>Climate etc does not concern me, nor does axial tilt etc etc.  Just the above\n>three factors and how they relate to one another.\n>\n>Jonathan\n\nJonathan, interesting questions.  Some wonder whether or not the moon could\nhave ever supported an atmosphere.  I'd be interested in knowing what\nour geology/environmental sciences friends think.\n\nAs for human tolerances, the best example of human endurance in terms\nof altitude (i.e. low atmospheric pressure and lower oxygen partial pressure)\nis in my opinion to the scaling of Mt. Everest without oxygen assistance.\nThis was accomplished by a team of mountaineers who trained at high\naltitudes for quite awhile (I think a few months) and then were flown by\nhelicopter from that training altitude to the equivalent altitude on\nMount Everest, where they began the ascent of our planet's highest peak\nwithout oxygen tanks.  This is quite a feat of physiological endurance, because\nif you or I tried to go to 20,000 feet and exert ourselves, we would probably\npass out, get altitude sick, and could even die from cerebral edema. So\nthis is the limit of low pressure.  High pressure situations would be\nlimited by the duration of time which it takes to slowly acclimate to a higher\npressure.  Skin divers would know alot about high pressure situations and\ncould tell you about how they safely make deep dives without getting the\nbends.  Some military experiments have put people under several atmospheres of\npressure (not sure what the high limit was because the papers aren't in\nfront of me).  Usually at a certain point, the nitrogen in the air becomes\ntoxic to the body and you start acting idiotic.  Divers call this nitrogen\nnarcosis.  Those afflicted can do very dangerous and irrational things, like\ntaking off a diving mask and oxygen tank in order to talk to fish at 100 feet\nunder water.  (Hope any diving folk can elaborate on this matter, as I\nam not a diving expert).\n\nMars cannot support human life without pressurization because the atmosphere\nis too thin (1/100 th  our Earth's atmospheric density).  In addition,\nthe Mars atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide.  Basically, you would need a \npressure suit there, or you'd die from the low pressure.  Interesting huh?\n\nken\nkhayash@hsc.usc.edu\n",
  u'From: nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu (David Nye)\nSubject: Re: Radical Agnostic... NOT!\nOrganization: University of Wisconsin Eau Claire\nLines: 51\n\n[reply to zazen@austin.ibm.com (E. H. Welbon)]\n \n>>>     There is no means that i can possibly think of to prove beyond doubt\n>>>that a god does not exist (but if anyone has one, by all means, tell me\n>>>what it is).  Therefore, lacking this ability of absolute proof, being an\n>>>atheist becomes an act of faith in and of itself, and this I cannot accept.\n>>> I accept nothing on blind faith.\n \n>>Invisible Pink Flying Unicorns!  Need I say more?\n \n>...I harbor no beliefs at all, there is no good evidence for god\n>existing or not.  Some folks call this agnosticism.  It does not suffer\n>from "blind faith" at all.  I think of it as "Don\'t worry, be happy".\n \nFor many atheists, the lack of belief in gods is secondary to an\nepistemological consideration:  what do we accept as a reliable way of\nknowing?  There are no known valid logical arguments for the existence\nof gods, nor is there any empirical evidence that they exist.  Most\nphilosophers and theologians agree that the idea of a god is one that\nmust be accepted on faith.  Faith is belief without a sound logical\nbasis or empirical evidence.  It is a reliable way of knowing?\n \nThere is probably nothing else most people would accept in the absence\nof any possibility of proof.  Even when we agree to take someone elses\nword "on faith", we just mean that having found this person to be\nreliable in the past, we judge him likely to be a reliable source now.\nIf we find faith less reliable than logic and empirical evidence\neverywhere else, why assume it will provide reliable knowledge about\ngods?\n \nThe difference between the atheist and the theist is fundamentally then\none of whether or not faith is held to be a reliable way of knowing,\nrather than, as some agnostic posters would have it, whether ones faith\nis in gods or no gods.  The theist believes that faith is an acceptable\nbasis for a belief in gods, even if he rejects faith as reliable at\nother times, for example in his work as a scientist.  The atheist\nbelieves that only logic and empirical evidence lead to reliable\nknowledge.  Agnosticism seems to me a less defensible position than\ntheism or atheism, unless one is a sceptic in regards to all other\nknowledge.  Without evidence, why should we believe in gods rather than\nSanta Claus or the Easter Bunny?\n \nI would also like to point out as others have that the atheist doesn\'t\nrequire absolute knowledge of the lack of gods.  I don\'t believe that\nthere is any such thing as absolute knowledge.  Atheism is the best and\nsimplest theory to fit the (lack of) facts and so should be held until\ncontrary evidence is found.\n \nDavid Nye (nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu).  Midelfort Clinic, Eau Claire WI\nThis is patently absurd; but whoever wishes to become a philosopher\nmust learn not to be frightened by absurdities. -- Bertrand Russell\n',
  u'From:  Club@spektr.msk.su (Koltovoy Nikolay Alexeevich)\nSubject: [NEWS]Re:List or image processing systems?\nDistribution: eunet\nReply-To: Club@spektr.msk.su\nOrganization: Moscow Scientific Industrial Ass. Spectrum\nLines: 137\n\n\n       Moscow Scientific Inductrial Association "Spectrum" offer\n       VIDEOSCAN vision system for PC/AT,wich include software and set of\n       controllers.\n\n                     SOFTWARE\n\n            For support VIDEOSCAN family program kit was developed. Kit\n       includes more then 200 different functions for image processing.\n            Kit works in the interactive regime, and has include Help for\n       non professional users.\n            There are next possibility:\n       - input frame by any board of VIDEOSCAN family;\n       - read - white image to - from disk;\n       - print image on the printer;\n       - makes arithmetic with 2 frames;\n       - filter image;\n       - work with gistogramme;\n       - edit image.\n       - include users exe modules.\n\n                     CONTROLLER VS9\n\n       The function of VS-9 controller is to load TV-images into  PC/AT.\n       VS-9 controller allows one to load a fragment of the TV-frame from\n       a field of 724x600 pixels.\n       The clock rate is 14,7 MHz when loading an image with 512 pixel in\n       the line and 7,4 MHz when loading a 256 pixels image. This\n       provides the equal pixel size of input image in both horizontal\n       and vertical directions.\n       The number of gray levels in any input modes is 256.\n       Video signal capture time - 2.5s.\n\n                     CONTROLLER VS52\n\n       The purpose of the controller is to enter the TV images into a IBM\n       PC AT or any other machine of that type. The controller was\n       created on the base of modern elements, including user\n       programmable gate arrays.\n       The controller allows to digitize a input signal with different\n       resolutions. Its flexible architecture makes possible to change\n       technical parameters. Instead of TV signal one can process any\n       other analog signal (including signals from slow-speed scanning\n       devices).\n       The controller has the following technical characteristics:\n       - memory volume - from 256 K to 2 Mb ;\n       - resolution when working with standard video signal - from 64x64\n       to 1024x512 pixels ;\n       - resolution when working in slow input regime - up to 2048x1024\n       pixels;\n       - video signal capture time - 40 ms.\n       - maximum size of a screen when memory volume is 2Mb - 2048x1024\n       pixels ;\n       - number of gray level - 256 ;\n       - clock rate for input - up to 30 MHz ;\n       - 4 input video multiplexer ;\n       - input/output lookup table (LUT);\n       - possibility to realize "scroll" and "zoom";\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n       - 8 lines for external synchronization (an input using external\n       controlling signal) ;\n       - electronic adjustment of black and white reference for analog -\n       digital converter;\n       - possibility output image to the color RGB monitor.\n       One can change all listed above functions and parameters of the\n       controller by reprogramming it.\n\n\n              IMAGE PROCESSOR VS100\n\n\n            Image processor VS100 allows to digitize and process TV\n       signal in real time. It is possible digitize TV signal with\n       512*512*8 resolution and realize arithmetic and logic operation\n       with two images.\n            Processor was created on the base of modern elements\n       including user programmable gate arrays and designed as a board\n       for PC.\n            Memory volume allows write to the 256 frames with 512*512*8\n       format. It is possible to accumulate until 16 images.\n            The processor has the following technical characteristics:\n       - memory volume to 64 Mb;\n       - number of the gray level - 256;\n       - 4 input video multiplexer;\n       - input/output lookup table;\n       - electronic adjustment for black and white ADC reference;\n       - image size from 256*256 to 8192*8192;\n       - possibility color and black / white output;\n       - possibility input from slow-scan video sources.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: mpdillon@halcyon.com (Michael Dillon)\nSubject: Re: MGR NAPLPS & GUI BBS Frontends\nOrganization: "A World of Information at your Fingertips"\nLines: 46\nNNTP-Posting-Host: nwfocus.wa.com\n\n>Hi all,\n>I am looking into methods I can use to turn my Linux based BBS into a full color\n>Graphical BBS that supports PC, Mac, Linux, and Amiga callers. \n>Originally I was inspired by the NAPLPS graphics standard (a summary of \n>which hit this group about 2 weeks ago). \n\nI posted that document (forgot part 1/6 etc) but it was more than a summary,\nit was a complete technical description of the protocol. It can be ftped\nfrom simtel or from wuarchive.wustl.edu in mirrors/msdos/naplps\n\n>Following up on software availability of NAPLPS supporting software I find\n>that most terminal programs are commercial the only resonable shareware one being\n>PP3 which runs soley on MSDOS machines leaving Mac and Amiga users to buy full\n>commercial software if they want to try out the BBS (I know I wouldn\'t)\n>\n>Next most interesting possibility is to port MGR to PC, Mac, Amiga. I\n\nWhy not write a NAPLPS decoder for your choice of platform and release the\ncode to the net? Then other willing souls can help port it to other platforms.\nNAPLPS was designed for this type of online interactive graphics much the\nsame as X, but while X is intended for high-bandwidth network connections,\nNAPLPS was optimized for low bandwidth modem connections.\n>\n>Is there a color version of MGR for Linux? \n>\n>Does anyone have any other suggestions for a Linux based GUI BBS ?\n\nI\'m sure you will receive other suggestions but look at it this way. If you\nwanted to provide a full network connection to Linux over a modem would you\nuse SLIP/PPP or would you invent some new way? Most people would say that\nSLIP/PPP exist and are reasonably well designed protocols, so lets just\nimplement them. I see it the same way with NAPLPS. It is an existing, well\nthought out, extensible protocol for online graphics, so why not implement\nit.\n\nIf you need any advice on implementation, just e-mail me. I am currently\ngetting a beta version of my CorelDraw to NAPLPS converter working well\nenough to release it by May 15. If you or someone else does not get going\non a freely available NAPLPS decoder, then I intend to do it after I get\na my conversion program out of beta, and get a couple of other things done.\n\n-- \nMichael Dillon                 Internet: mpdillon@halcyon.halcyon.com\nC-4 Powerhouse                  Fidonet: 1:353/350\nRR #2 Armstrong, BC  V0E 1B0      Voice: +1-604-546-8022\nCanada                              BBS: +1-604-546-2705\n',
  u"From: zyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh)\nSubject: Re: RGB/HLS/HSV conversion routines wanted\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 12\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: caspian.usc.edu\n\n\nIn article <9304280923.AA26702@sun4nl.nluug.nl>, bultman@dgw.rws.nl (G.W.Bultman) writes:\n|> Hi,\n|> \n|> I'm looking for RGB (cube) --> HLS (double hexcone) --> HSV (cylinder) \n|> conversion routines. I have RGB <--> HSV, but miss the HLS <--> RGB/HSV.\n|> \n\tHave you checked Foley's book? The solutions are in chapter 13.\n\n\tYeh\n\tUSC\n\n",
  u'From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Nasa (dis)incentives\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 23\n\n[questions and issues WRT congress raised and discussed}\n\nDennis Replies;\n>Now black when it is white is just white. Except that when black is called\n>white money is put into the system in a study to find out just when it is\n>justified to call black, white.  It is also apparant that when white is called\n>black, just the opposite occurs. Now white is a color, but when white is\n>called black, it calls into question the validity of the color spectrum.\n...\n>It is a given however that NASA nor the military, whose competence in\n>differentating black from white is well known (remember the black and\n>white paint on the Saturn V rocket?) That nothing will occur here either.\n>When black and white are used by congress, who cares nothing for results,\n>just more money for pork barrel jobs brought about by the black/white\n>controversy....\n\nDennis, why must you always see things in black and white terms? :-)\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u'From: f_gautjw@ccsvax.sfasu.edu\nSubject: Re: Koresh Doctrine -- 4 of 4\nOrganization: Stephen F. Austin State University\nLines: 75\n\nIn article <watson.735759766@mariner.sce.carleton.ca>, watson@sce.carleton.ca (Stephen Watson) writes:\n> Question for those of you who seem to be fundamentalists (Stephen\n> Tice, the Cotera, Joe Gaut, et al)(apologies if I\'ve mislabelled any\n> of you, I\'ve only started reading t.r.m since the BD disaster.  But I\n> know the Cotera is a fundy) and are defending Koresh and his beliefs\n> as an example of True Christianity under persecution from the the Big\n> Bad Secular State: what is your opinion of his reported sexual habits?\n> If the reports are accurate, what IYO does this say about the quality of\n> his Christianity?  Or are the allegations just part of the Big\n> Cover-Up?\n\nThank you, Steve.  It is refreshing to have someone accuse me of being\na Christian.  I only hope enough evidence can be garnered to get a\nconviction.  I am not certain what you mean by the "fundy" part as the\nterm fundamentalist has a wide variety of uses.  If you refer to\nthose who actually believe Jesus is the Messiah and Son of God and\nwish to follow in his way, then I plead guilty.  But what does it\nmatter what I think.  The Roman circus is over.  The lions have been\nsatisfied -- for now.  The Emperor, after the long and gruelling\nstruggle, sensed the crowd was tiring and gave thumbs down.\n\nWith respect to my previous comments about David Koresh, I urge you\nto re-examine my previous posts.  I believe you mistakenly assume\nthat defense of Koresh\' right to his own personal beliefs and his\nright to express them to others implies agreement with Koresh\'\ntheology.  Actually I understand little about the details of Branch-\nDavidian teachings and regret so many are hung-up on that aspect\nof the tragic events of the past few days.\n\nNor do I think Koresh\' sex life should be of any interest to the\nfederal government.  Of course Hillary says he had been molesting\ninfants so it must be true even though such allegations do not\nfall under the jurisdiction of the federal government; they are\nstate and local matters and have been thoroughly reviewed at the\nlocal level by proper authorities with no successful charge having\never been levied against him.  Under American law, he was innocent\nas Americans are presumed innocent until proven guilty.  At least\nthat\'s how it is suppposed to be.  But he was demonized and propa-\ngandized against by a powerful machine to have him appear as a\nlustful beast and therefore deserving of every ill the fates might\nbring upon him.  \n\nBut evidence trickles in that the twenty-one children, who left the\nbuilding in the early days of the siege,  were carefully examined\nby qualified authorities for evidence of physical or sexual abuse\nand none was found.  DeGuerin, one of the attorneys who met with\nDavidians several times before the conflagration, reported that\nthe children seemed well adjusted and showed no sign of abuse.\n\nUltimately, Steve, what I think about the heart of David Koresh\nis quite unimportant.  Today he is in the benevolent hands of a\nmost wise and merciful judge who will one day surely judge us all.\nSo I withhold any judgment of David Koresh and defer to the One\nwho has all knowledge.  Meanwhile, let\'s clean up the mess left\non earth and keep this from happening again by sending a strong\nmessage to the government to respect the inalienable rights of the\npeople it serves.\n\n--Joe Gaut\n\n> \n> (I remain deliberately neutral on the cause of the fire: I wouldn\'t\n> put it past Koresh to have torched the place himself.  On the other\n> hand, if the propane-tank-accident story is correct, I wouldn\'t put it\n> past the FBI to try to cover its ass by claiming Koresh did it.  I\n> hope your government does a VERY thorough investigation of the whole\n> debacle, and I\'ll be disappointed if a few heads don\'t roll.  The\n> authorities seem to have botched the original raid, and in the matter\n> of the fire, are guilty of either serious misjudgement, or reckless\n> endangerment.)\n> --\n> | Steve Watson a.k.a. watson@sce.carleton.ca === Carleton University, Ontario |\n> |  this->opinion = My.opinion;  assert (this->opinion != CarletonU.opinion);  |\n> "Somebody touched me / Making everything new / Burned through my life / Like a\n>  bolt from the blue / Somebody touched me / I know it was you" - Bruce Cockburn\n',
  u'From: ldaddari@polaris.cv.nrao.edu (Larry D\'Addario)\nSubject: Re: Russian Email Contacts.\nIn-Reply-To: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\'s message of Sat, 17 Apr 1993 12: 52:09 GMT\nOrganization: National Radio Astronomy Observatory\nLines: 32\n\nIt is usually possible to reach people at IKI (Institute for Space\nResearch) in Moscow by writing to\n\n\tIKIMAIL@esoc1.bitnet\n\nThis is a machine at ESA in Darmstadt, Germany; IKI has a dedicated\nphone line to this machine and someone there logs in regularly to\nretrieve mail.\n\nIn addition, there are several user accounts belonging to Russian\nscientific institutions on\n\n\t<user>@sovam.com\n\nwhich is a commercial enterprise based in San Francisco that provides\nemail services to the former USSR.  For example, fian@sovam.com is the\n"PHysics Institute of the Academy of Sciences" (initials transliterated\nfrom Russian, of course).  These connections cost the Russians real\ndollars, even for *received* messages, so please don\'t send anything\nvoluminous or frivilous.\n\n=====================================================================\nLarry R. D\'Addario\nNational Radio Astronomy Observatory\n\nAddresses   (INTERNET) LDADDARI@NRAO.EDU\n\t    (FAX)      +1/804/296-0324 Charlottesville\n\t\t       +1/304/456-2200 Green Bank\n\t    (MAIL)     2015 Ivy Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA\n\t    (PHONE)    +1/804/296-0245 office, 804/973-4983 home  CHO\n\t\t       +1/304/456-2226 off., -2106 lab, -2256 apt. GB\n=====================================================================\n',
  u'From: ab@nova.cc.purdue.edu (Allen B)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42\nOrganization: Purdue University\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1993Apr10.160929.696@galki.toppoint.de> ulrich@galki.toppoint.de  \nwrites:\n> According to the TIFF 5.0 Specification, the TIFF "version number"\n> (bytes 2-3) 42 has been chosen for its "deep philosophical \n> significance".\n> Last week, I read the Hitchhikers Guide To The Galaxy,\n> Is this actually how they picked the number 42?\n\nI\'m sure it is, and I am not amused.  Every time I read that part of the\nTIFF spec, it infuriates me- and I\'m none too happy about the\ncomplexity of the spec anyway- because I think their "arbitrary but\ncarefully chosen number" is neither.  Additionally, I find their\nchoice of 4 bytes to begin a file with meaningless of themselves- why\nnot just use the letters "TIFF"?\n\n(And no, I don\'t think they should have bothered to support both word\norders either- and I\'ve found that many TIFF readers actually\ndon\'t.)\n\nab\n',
  u'From: MUNIZB%RWTMS2.decnet@rockwell.com ("RWTMS2::MUNIZB")\nSubject: Space Event near Los Angeles, CA\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 55\n\nApologies if this gets posted twice, but I don\'t think the first one\nmade it.\n--------------------------------------------------------------------\n   FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE           Contact:  OASIS (310) 364-2290\n\n   15 April 1993                                Los Angeles, CA\n\n     LOCAL NATIONAL SPACE SOCIETY CHAPTERS SPONSOR TALK BY L.A.\n  ADVOCATE OF LUNAR POWER SYSTEM AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THE WORLD\n\n   On April 21, the OASIS and Ventura County chapters of the National \nSpace Society will sponsor a talk by Lunar Power System (LPS) co-\ninventor and vice-president of the LPS Coalition, Dr. Robert D.\nWaldron.  It will be held at 7:30 p.m. at the Rockwell Science\nCenter in Thousand Oaks, CA.\n\n   Dr. Waldron is currently a Technical Specialist in Space\nMaterials Processing with the Space Systems Division of Rockwell\nInternational in Downey, California.  He is a recognized world\nauthority on lunar materials refinement.  He has written or\ncoauthored more than 15 articles or reports on nonterrestrial\nmaterials processing or utilization.  Along with Dr. David\nCriswell, Waldron invented the lunar/solar power system concept.\n\n   Momentum is building for a coalition of entrepreneurs, legal\nexperts, and Soviet and U.S. scientists and engineers to build\nthe Lunar Power System, a pollution-free, energy source with a\npotential to power the globe.\n\n   For the past three years members of the coalition, nearly half\nfrom California, have rejuvenated the commercial and scientific\nconcept of a solar power system based on the Moon.\n\n   The LPS concept entails collecting solar energy on the lunar\nsurface and beaming the power to Earth as microwaves transmitted\nthrough orbiting antennae.  A mature LPS offers an enormous\nsource of clean, sustainable power to meet the Earth\'s ever\nincreasing demand using proven, basic technology.\n\n   OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Space\nIndustrialization) is the Greater Los Angeles chapter of the\nNational Space Society, which is an international non-profit\norganization that promotes development of the space frontier.\nThe Ventura County chapter is based in Oxnard, CA.\n\n       WHERE:  Rockwell Science Center Auditorium, 1049 Camino\n               Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA.\n\n   DIRECTIONS: Ventura Freeway 101 to Thousand Oaks, exit onto\n               Lynn Road heading North (right turn from 101\n               North, Left turn from 101 South), after about 1/2\n               mile turn Left on Camino Dos Rios, after about 1/2\n               mile make First Right into Rockwell after Camino\n               Colindo, Parking at Top of Hill to the Left\n\n',
  u'From: lwv26@cas.org (Larry W. Virden)\nSubject: Looking for patches to xv to better support TIFF output\nReply-To: lvirden@cas.org (Larry W. Virden)\nOrganization: Nedriv Software and Shoe Shiners, Uninc.\nLines: 16\n\n\nRecently we have found TIFF manipulation packages which do not recognize\nTIFF files output by xv.  This is due to a missing XRESOLUTION and YRESOLUTION\ntag which apparently is required (or at least believed to be required) for\nvalid TIFF.  I have checked both xv 2.x and xv 3.x and neither of these\ndo indeed copy these tags.\n\nHas anyone out there hacked in the fixes for xv to support these tags?\nI have been told that I could find some code in tiff/tools/tiffcp.c, but\nthat directory is one of many of the tiff group not distributed with xv.  I\nhope to obtain the original tiff src and look at it, but would prefer\nto find code already known to work in xv.\n-- \n:s \n:s Larry W. Virden                 INET: lvirden@cas.org\n:s Personal: 674 Falls Place,   Reynoldsburg, OH 43068-1614\n',
  u"From: eapu207@orion.oac.uci.edu (John Peter Kondis)\nSubject: I need to make my VGA do shades.\nNntp-Posting-Host: orion.oac.uci.edu\nLines: 12\n\nI have a routine that changes the color (RGB) attributes on my\nVGA adapter, but it doesn't work in the mode that I need.  \nSpecifically 68 hex.  An obscure mode, of course, but I need to\nchange the zillions of colors to 64 shade greyscale, but I do\nnot have the correct memory address for the pointer I need.\n\nPLEASE, someone, I need the starting address, or maybe somewhere \nI can find it.  Thank you.\n\nJohn Kondis\neapu207@orion.oac.uci.edu\n\n",
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: [soc.motss, et al.] "Princeton axes matching funds for Boy Scouts"\nArticle-I.D.: po.kmr4.1447.734101641\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 28\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr6.041343.24997@cbnewsl.cb.att.com> stank@cbnewsl.cb.att.com (Stan Krieger) writes:\n\n>The point has been raised and has been answered.  Roger and I have\n>clearly stated our support of the BSA position on the issue;\n>specifically, that homosexual behavior constitutes a violation of\n>the Scout Oath (specifically, the promise to live "morally straight").\n\n\tPlease define "morally straight". \n\n\t\n\t\n\tAnd, don\'t even try saying that "straight", as it is used here, \nimplies only hetersexual behavior. [ eg: "straight" as in the slang word \nopposite to "gay" ]\n\n\n\tThis is alot like "family values". Everyone is talking about them, \nbut misteriously, no one knows what they are.\n---\n\n        "One thing that relates is among Navy men that get tatoos that \n        say "Mom", because of the love of their mom.  It makes for more \n        virile men."\n\n        Bobby Mozumder  ( snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu )\n        April 4, 1993\n\n        The one TRUE Muslim left in the world. \n',
  u'From: zyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh)\nSubject: Ellipse from Its Offset\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 17\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: caspian.usc.edu\nKeywords: ellipse\n\n\nHi! Everyone,\n\nSince some people quickly solved the problem of determining a sphere from\n4 points, I suddenly recalled a problem which is how to find the ellipse\nfrom its offset. For example, given 5 points on the offset, can you find\nthe original ellipse analytically?\n\nI spent two months solving this problem by using analytical method last year,\nbut I failed. Under the pressure, I had to use other method - nonlinear\nprogramming technique to deal with this problem approximately.\n\nAny ideas will be greatly appreciated. Please post here, let the others\nshare our interests.\n\nYeh\nUSC\n',
  u"From: jwmorris@netcom.com (John W. Morris)\nSubject: Re: What RIGHT ?\nOrganization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 48\n\n\nstuff deleted - but message is:\n: \n \n: \n: >He is God.\n: \n: In other words, the right of might.\n: \n: >He is God.\n: \n: In other words, the right of might.\n: \n: \n: \n: >God granted you the gift of life whether you were sinner or saint.\n: \n: In other words, he can do it, he did it, and your in no position to\n: argue about it.\n:  \n: >one that must be killed by Him.  Note:  I say that God and God alone is\n: >worthy to be Judge, Jury and Executioner.  We are not called to carry out\n: >such duties because we are not worthy.\n:  \n: In other words, you better do what this God wants you to do, or else!\n: \n: >|> Who is god to impose its rules on us ? Who can tell if god is REALLY so\n: \n: \n: >God is God.  Who are we to question the Creator?  If you doubt God's doing\n: >in certain situations, do you claim to know a better solution?  Would you\n: >be playing the role of God?\n: \n: In other words, its his game, he made the rules, and if you know whats\n: good for you you'll play his game his way.\n: \n\n Careful there, you make God out to be some spoiled little deity that when\nhe can't have his way takes his ball and goes home.\n\nNow that you mention it....\n\nNaw... Can't be right, makes sense. \n-- \n+--------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| John Morris                                    jwmorris@netcom.com |\n| San Diego, CA                    I have no opinion, but if I did...|\n+--------------------------------------------------------------------+\n",
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: A visit from the Jehovah\'s Witnesses\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 114\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.091139.823@batman.bmd.trw.com>\njbrown@batman.bmd.trw.com writes:\n \n>> Didn\'t you say Lucifer was created with a perfect nature?\n>\n>Yes.\n>\n \nDefine perfect then.\n \n \n>> I think you\n>> are playing the usual game here, make sweeping statements like omni-,\n>> holy, or perfect, and don\'t note that they mean exactly what they say.\n>> And that says that you must not use this terms when it leads to\n>> contradictions.\n>\n>I\'m not trying to play games here.  But I understand how it might seem\n>that way especially when one is coming from a completely different point\n>of view such as atheism.\n>\n \nTake your foot out of your mouth, I wondered about that already when I\nwas a Catholic Christian. The fact that the contradiction is unresolvable\nis one of the reasons why I am an atheist.\n \nBelieve me, I believed similar sentences for a long time. But that shows\nthe power of religion and not anything about its claims.\n \n \n>>>Now God could have prevented Lucifer\'s fall by taking away his ability\n>>>to choose between moral alternatives (worship God or worship himself),\n>>>but that would mean that God was in error to have make Lucifer or any\n>>>being with free will in the first place.\n>>\n>> Exactly. God allows evil, an evil if there ever was one.\n>>\n>\n>Now that\'s an opinion, or at best a premise.  But from my point of view,\n>it is not a premise which is necessary true, specifically, that it is\n>an evil to allow evil to occur.\n>\n \nIt follows from a definition of evil as ordinarily used. Letting evil\nhappen or allowing evil to take place, in this place even causing evil,\nis another evil.\n \n \n>> But could you give a definition of free will? Especially in the\n>> presence of an omniscient being?\n>>\n>"Will" is "self-determination".  In other words, God created conscious\n>beings who have the ability to choose between moral choices independently\n>of God.  All "will", therefore, is "free will".\n>\n \nThe omniscient attribute of god will know what the creatures will do even\nbefore the omnipotent has created them. There is no choice left. All is known,\nthe course of events is fixed.\n \nNot even for the omniscient itself, to extend an argument by James Tims.\n \n \n>>>If God is omniscient, then\n>>>clearly, creating beings with free moral choice is a greater good than\n>>>the emergence of ungodliness (evil/sin) since He created them knowing\n>>>the outcome in advance.\n>>\n>> Why is it the greater good to allow evil with the knowledge that it\n>> will happen? Why not make a unipolar system with the possibility of\n>> doing good or not doing good, but that does not necessarily imply\n>> doing evil. It is logically possible, but your god has not done it.\n>\n>I do not know that such is logically possible.  If God restrains a\n>free being\'s choice to choose to do evil and simply do "not good",\n>then can it be said that the being truly has a free moral choice?\n>And if "good" is defined as loving and obeying God, and avoiding\n>those behaviors which God prohibits, then how can you say that one\n>who is "not good" is not evil as well?  Like I said, I am not sure\n>that doing "not good" without doing evil is logically possible.\n \nAnd when I am not omnipotent, how can I have free will? You have said\nsomething about choices and the scenario gives them. Therefore we have\nwhat you define as free will.\n \nImagine the following. I can do good to other beings, but I cannot harm them.\nEasily implemented by making everyone appreciate being the object of good\ndeeds, but don\'t make them long for them, so they can not feel the absence\nof good as evil.\n \nBut whose case am I arguing? It is conceivable, so the omnipotent can do it.\nOr it would not be omnipotent. If you want logically consistent as well, you\nhave to give up the pet idea of an omnipotent first.\n \n(Deletion)\n>\n>Perhaps it is weak, in a way.  If I were just speculating about the\n>ubiquitous pink unicorns, then there would be no basis for such\n>speculation.  But this idea of God didn\'t just fall on me out of the\n>blue :), or while reading science fiction or fantasy.  (I know that\n>some will disagree)  :)  The Bible describes a God who is omniscient,\n>and nevertheless created beings with free moral choice, from which\n>the definitional logic follows.  But that\'s not all there is to it.\n>There seems to be (at least in my mind) a certain amount of evidence\n>which indicates that God exists and that the Biblical description\n>of Him may be a fair one.  It is that evidence which bolsters the\n>argument in my view.\n \nThat the bible describes an omniscient and omnipotent god destroys\nthe credibility of the bible, nothing less.\n \nAnd a lot of people would be interested in evidence for a god,\nunfortunately, there can\'t be any with these definitions.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u"From: stjohn@math1.kaist.ac.kr (Ryou Seong Joon)\nSubject: WANTED: Multi-page GIF!!\nOrganization: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL3\nLines:       12\n\nHi!... \n\nI am searching for packages that could handle Multi-page GIF\nfiles...    \n\nAre there any on some ftp servers?\n\nI'll appreciate one which works on PC (either on DOS or Windows 3.0/3.1).\nBut any package works on Unix will be OK..\n\nThanks in advance...\n",
  u'From: wdm@world.std.com (Wayne Michael)\nSubject: Adobe Photo Shop type software for Unix/X/Motif platforms?\nSummary: Searching for Adobe Photo Shop type software for Unix/X/Motif platforms\nKeywords: Image Enhancement\nOrganization: n/a\nLines: 19\n\nHello,\n\n    I have been searching for a quality image enhancement and\n    manipulation package for Unix/X/Motif platforms that is comparable\n    to Adobe Photo Shop for the Mac.\n\n    I have not been able to find any, and would appreciate any\n    information about such products you could provide.\n\n    I would be particularly interested in software that runs on HP or\n    Sun workstations, and does not require special add-in hardware, but\n    would also be interested in other solutions.\n\n\nThank You.\nWayne\n-- \nWayne Michael\nwdm@world.std.com\n',
  u'From: lcd@umcc.umcc.umich.edu (Leon Dent)\nSubject: Re: MPEG for x-windows MONO needed.\nOrganization: UMCC, Ann Arbor, MI\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: umcc.umcc.umich.edu\n\nOn sunsite.unc.edu in pub/multimedia/utilities/unix find \n mpeg_play-2.0.tar.Z.\n\nI find for mono it works best as mpeg_play -dither threshold \n   though you can use            mpeg_play -dither mono\n\nFace it, this is not be the best viewing situation.\n\nAlso someone has made a patch for mpeg_play that gives two more mono\nmodes  (mono2 and halftone).\n\nThey are by jan@pandonia.canberra.edu.au (Jan Newmarch).\nAnd the patch can be found on csc.canberra.edu.au (137.92.1.1) under\n/pub/motif/mpeg2.0.mono.patch.\n\n\nLeon Dent\nlcd@umcc.umich.edu\n \n\n',
  u"Subject: Re: Rawlins debunks creationism\nFrom: rfox@charlie.usd.edu (Rich Fox, Univ of South Dakota)\nReply-To: rfox@charlie.usd.edu\nOrganization: The University of South Dakota Computer Science Dept.\nNntp-Posting-Host: charlie\nLines: 36\n\nIn article <30151@ursa.bear.com>, halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat) writes:\n>In article <C5snCL.J8o@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu>, adpeters@sunflower.bio.indiana.edu (Andy Peters) writes:\n>\n>>Evolution, as I have said before, is theory _and_ fact.  It is exactly\n>>the same amount of each as the existence of atoms and the existence of\n>>gravity.  If you accept the existence of atoms and gravity as fact,\n>>then you should also accept the existence of evolution as fact.\n>>\n>>-- \n>>--Andy\n>\n>I don't accept atoms or gravity as fact either.  They are extremely useful\n>mathematical models to describe physical observations we can make.\n>Other posters have aptly explained the atomic model.  Gravity, too, is\n>very much a theory; no gravity waves have even been detected, but we\n>have a very useful model that describes much of the behavior on\n>objects by this thing we _call_ gravity.  Gravity, however, is _not_ \n>a fact.  It is a theoretical model used to talk about how objects \n>behave in our physical environment.  Newton thought gravity was a\n>simple vector force; Einstein a wave. Both are very useful models that \n>have no religious overtones or requirements of faith, unless of course you \n>want to demand that it is a factual physical entity described exactly \n>the way the theory now formulated talks about it.  That takes a great \n>leap of faith, which, of course, is what religion takes.  Evolution\n>is no different.\n>\n>-- \n> jim halat         halat@bear.com     \n\nAre you serious?!!!  Here's an exercise next time you are in the barnyard. \nTake *your* model and hold it directly above a fresh cowpie.  Then release the\nmodel.  You will observe that on its own *your* model will assume a trajectory\nearthward and come to rest exactly where it belongs.  Watch out for splatters,\nparticularly if you are wearing shorts when you perform this experiment.\n\nRich Fox, Anthro, Usouthdakota\n",
  u"From: ednclark@kraken.itc.gu.edu.au (Jeffrey Clark)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nNntp-Posting-Host: kraken.itc.gu.edu.au\nOrganization: ITC, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia\nLines: 31\n\nkeith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n\n>mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk> writes:\n\n>>>Perhaps we shouldn't imprision people if we could watch them closely\n>>>instead.  The cost would probably be similar, especially if we just\n>>>implanted some sort of electronic device.\n>>Why wait until they commit the crime?  Why not implant such devices in\n>>potential criminals like Communists and atheists?\n\n>Sorry, I don't follow your reasoning.  You are proposing to punish people\n>*before* they commit a crime?  What justification do you have for this?\n\nNo, Mathew is proposing a public defence mechanism, not treating the\nelectronic device as an impropriety on the wearer. What he is saying is that\nthe next step beyond what you propose is the permanent bugging of potential\ncriminals.  This may not, on the surface, sound like a bad thing, but who\ndefines what a potential criminal is? If the government of the day decides\nthat being a member of an opposition party makes you a potential criminal\nthen openly defying the government becomes a lethal practice, this is not\nconducive to a free society.\n\nMathew is saying that implanting electronic surveillance devices upon people\nis an impropriety upon that person, regardless of what type of crime or\nwhat chance of recidivism there is. Basically you see the criminal justice\nsystem as a punishment for the offender and possibly, therefore, a deterrant\nto future offenders. Mathew sees it, most probably, as a means of\nrehabilitation for the offender. So he was being cynical at you, okay?\n\nJeff.\n\n",
  u'From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Re: Moonbase race, NASA resources, why?\nLines: 32\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\n\nIn article <1r46o9INN14j@mojo.eng.umd.edu>, sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney) writes:\n> In article <C5tEIK.7z9@zoo.toronto.edu>, henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n> \n>>Apollo was done the hard way, in a big hurry, from a very limited\n>>technology base... and on government contracts.  Just doing it privately,\n>>rather than as a government project, cuts costs by a factor of several.\n> \n> So how much would it cost as a private venture, assuming you could talk the\n> U.S. government into leasing you a couple of pads in Florida? \n> \n> \n> \n>     Software engineering? That\'s like military intelligence, isn\'t it?\n>   -- >                  SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU                        < --\n\n\nWhy must it be a US Government Space Launch Pad? Directly I mean..\nI know of a few that could launch a small package into space.\nNot including Ariadne, and the Russian Sites.. I know "Poker Flats" here in\nAlaska, thou used to be only sounding rockets for Auroral Borealous(sp and\nother northern atmospheric items, is at last I heard being upgraded to be able\nto put sattelites into orbit. \n\nWhy must people in the US be fixed on using NASAs direct resources (Poker Flats\nis runin part by NASA, but also by the Univesity of Alaska, and the Geophysical\nInstitute). Sounds like typical US cultural centralism and protectionism..\nAnd people wonder why we have the multi-trillion dollar deficite(sp).\nYes, I am working on a spell checker..\n\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n\n',
  u'From: kilroy@gboro.rowan.edu (Dr Nancy\'s Sweetie)\nSubject: Re: Food For Thought On Tyre\nSummary: Another Inerrantist rewrites the Bible.\nKeywords: Scripture, implication, prophesy, `Woof!\'\nOrganization: Rowan College of New Jersey\nDisclaimer: Brandy the WonderDog hopes his doghouse will be rebuilt.\nLines: 93\n\n\nThere has been a lot of discussion about Tyre.  In sum, Ezekiel prophesied\nthat the place would be mashed and never rebuilt; as there are a lot of\npeople living there, it would appear that Ezekiel was not literally correct.\n\nThis doesn\'t bother me at all, because I understand the language Ezekiel used\ndifferently than do so-called Biblical literalists.  For example, it sometimes\nhappens that someone says "My grandson is the cutest baby!" and then turns\naround and sees the granddaughter and says "Oh!  Isn\'t she the cutest thing!?"\n\nThis person is not literally claiming to have lined up all the babies in the\nworld according to cuteness and discovered his own grandchildren tied for\nfirst.  Rather, he is trying to express his emotions using words that are very\nobject-oriented.  Because this example is one that is common to many people,\nnobody misunderstands the intent of the statements; the Bible, however, is\noften at the mercy of people who assume that everything within must be exactly\nliterally true.  For those people, the existence of Tyre is a problem; for me,\nit is not.\n\n\nTurning to the latest person trying to defend Ezekiel, we read this from\nJohn E King:\n\n> The prophesy clearly implies that people would still be living in the\n> area[.]\n\nNo, it implies nothing of the kind.  If you had nothing but the prophecy from\nEzekiel, and you were told you interpret it literally, you would never say\n"Oh, he means that there will be houses and businesses and plants and stuff\nlike that."  You would read "I will make you a bare rock" and "You will never\nbe rebuilt", and you\'d conclude that Tyre would be a bare rock.  The only way\nto get from `fishing nets\' to `houses and buildings and a medium-large\npopulation\' is if you KNOW that all that latter stuff is there.\n\nIn other words, your answer means that Ezekiel misled everybody who read the\nprophecy at the time it was written.  There is no way that, given a literal\nreading, they could read this passage and conclude "medium-size city".\n\nYou seem to feel that "Never be rebuilt" means "be rebuilt" -- maybe so, but\nit is hardly a `clear implication\'.\n\n\nMr King also writes:\n\n> So far I\'ve seen stated figurers ranging from 15,000 to 22,000.\n> Let\'s assume the latter one is correct.  By modern standards\n> we are talking about a one-horse town.\n\nWell, no.  That\'s only a bit less than the population of Annapolis, where I\'m\nfrom.  You know, the Naval Acadamy, the state capital, George Washington\nresigned his commission in the statehouse?  Annapolis may not be New York, but\nit\'s at least a two-horse town.\n\nBut supposing 22,000 people is a "small town" -- it\'s still 22,000 people\nMORE than Ezekiel predicted.\n\n\nAnd you\'ve said nothing about the other problem.  In chapter 26, Ezekiel\npredicts that Nebuchadnezzar will will destroy Tyre and loot all their\nvaluables.  However, Nebuchadnezzar did NOT destroy Tyre, and in chapter 29\nEzekiel even quotes God as saying "he and his army got no reward from the\ncampaign he led against Tyre."\n\nLet\'s ignore Alexander for a moment, and just pay attention to chapter 26.\nEzekiel says N. would destroy Tyre, and N. did NOT destroy Tyre.  Ezekiel says\nthat N. would plunder their valuables, but N. did NOT plunder their valuables.\n\nRegardless of what you think about Tyre _now_, the fact is that N. died before\nthe place was destroyed.  Ezekiel said N. was going to do it, and N. did not.\n\n *\n\nThis post is, of course, pointless.  Inerrantists have an amazing ability\nto rewrite the Bible as needed to fit whatever they want it to say.\n\nFor example, I expect Mr King to respond to the comments about Ezekiel 26\nby pulling some "clear implications" out of hat.\n\nWhen Ezekiel said that N. would "demolish your towers", that clearly implied\nthat the walls would still be standing so people would know where the towers\nused to be.  And when Ezekiel said that N. would "demolish your fine houses\nand throw your stones, timber and rubble into the sea", that clearly implied\nthat N. would never set foot on the island.  And when Ezekiel wrote that N.\nwould "build a ramp up to your walls", that clearly implies that N. would\nspend 13 years stomping around on the mainland and never get close to the\nwalls.\n\nSee?  A few "clear implications" that are totally contrary to the text, and\nyou can reconcile anything you want.\n\n\nDarren F Provine / kilroy@gboro.rowan.edu\n"[Do] You know why I\'m the enabler?  Because you demand it!" -- Cliff Claven\n',
  u'From: ingles@engin.umich.edu (Ray Ingles)\nSubject: Re: Concerning God\'s Morality (long)\nOrganization: University of Michigan Engineering, Ann Arbor\nLines: 32\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: syndicoot.engin.umich.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.084042.822@batman.bmd.trw.com> jbrown@batman.bmd.trw.com writes:\n>In article <1993Apr3.095220.24632@leland.Stanford.EDU>, galahad@leland.Stanford.EDU (Scott Compton) writes:\n[deletions]\n>> Now, back to your post.  You have done a fine job at using \n>> your seventh grade \'life science\' course to explain why\n>> bad diseases are caused by Satan and good things are a \n>> result of God.  But I want to let you in on a little secret.\n>> "We can create an amino acid sequence in lab! -- And guess\n>> what, the sequence curls into a helix!  Wow!  That\'s right,\n>> it can happen without a supernatural force." \n>\n>Wow!  All it takes is a few advanced science degrees and millions\n>of dollars of state of the art equipment.  And I thought it took\n>*intelligence* to create the building blocks of life.  Foolish me!\n\n People with advanced science degrees use state of the art equipment\nand spend millions of dollars to simulate tornadoes. But tornadoes\ndo not require intelligence to exist.\n Not only that, the equipment needed is not really \'state of the art.\'\nTo study the *products*, yes, but not to generate them.\n\n>If you want to be sure that I read your post and to provide a\n>response, send a copy to Jim_Brown@oz.bmd.trw.com.  I can\'t read\n>a.a. every day, and some posts slip by.  Thanks.\n \n Oh, I will. :->\n\nSincerely,\n\nRay Ingles                  || The above opinions are probably\n                            || not those of the University of\ningles@engin.umich.edu      || Michigan. Yet.\n',
  u'From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Eco-Freaks forcing Space Mining.\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 25\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <1993Apr23.001718.1@aurora.alaska.edu> nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu writes:\n>In article <1r6b7v$ec5@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n>>  Besides this was the same line of horse puckey the mining companies claimed\n>> when they were told to pay for  restoring land  after strip mining.\n>===\n>I aint talking the large or even the "mining companies" I am talking the small\n>miners, the people who have themselves and a few employees (if at all).The\n>people who go out every year and set up thier sluice box, and such and do\n>mining the semi-old fashion way.. (okay they use modern methods toa point).\n\n\nLot\'s of these small miners  are no longer miners.  THey are people living\nrent free on Federal land,  under the claim of being a miner.  The facts are\nmany of these people do not sustaint heir income from mining,  do not\noften even live their full time,  and do fotentimes do a fair bit\nof environmental damage.\n\nThese minign statutes were created inthe 1830\'s-1870\'s  when the west was\nuninhabited  and were designed to bring people into the frontier.  Times change\npeople change.  DEAL.  you don\'t have a constitutional right to live off\nthe same industry forever.  Anyone who claims the have a right to their\njob in particular,  is spouting nonsense.   THis has been a long term\nfederal welfare program,  that has outlived it\'s usefulness.\n\npat\n',
  u"From: fishkin@parc.xerox.com (Ken Fishkin)\nSubject: Re: Oh make up your mind!! (was: Re: XV problems)\nOrganization: Xerox PARC\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1993Apr30.182605.5999@nessie.mcc.ac.uk>, lilley@v5.cgu.mcc.ac.uk (Chris Lilley) writes:\n    [re a true 24 bit XV]\n\n> If you would come up with a solid, logical, well argued and lucid description of\n> precisely how these proposed extensions would work, feel free to post them\n\nDon't mind if I do.\nAs someone who would _love_ to see XV go to 24 bit, this\nwould be plenty for me.\n\n    a) XV can Load a 24 bit image, and display it in all it's\n24 bit glory on 24 bit X displays.\n    b) All other operations (Crop, Dither, Smooth, etc.) are not\nsupported on 24 bit images.\n\nhow hard would this be?\n\n\n-- \nKen Fishkin\tfishkin@xerox.com\n",
  u"From: eder@hsvaic.boeing.com (Dani Eder)\nSubject: Re: Guns for Space\nKeywords: Sopa Gun, Space Launcer\nOrganization: Boeing AI Center, Huntsville, AL\nLines: 22\n\nIn reference to the limits of acceleration with guns launching solid\nrockets as payloads.  Thiokol provided me with samples and data on\na reinforcement to solid motor grains for high accelerations.  Solid\nmotor propellants usually have a substantial percentage of \naluminum in the mix.  For example, the Space Shuttle SRBs are 16 percent\nAluminum.  The technique is to use a 'foamed aluminum' structure.\nThe structure looks like the inverse of a set of bubbles (an I suspect\nsome bubbling process is used to form it).  In other words, if you made\na bunch of bubbles in molten aluminum, then froze it, this is what\nyou get.  It forms a strong network of effectively aluminum wires in\nall directions.  The remaining solid fuel mix is infiltrated into\nthe voids, and you get aluminum-reinforced solid propellant.  The\nfoamed-aluminum makes up about 6 percent of the total propellant,\nso there is still aluminum particles in the bulk grain.  The major\nimprovement is the higher resistance to grain cracking, which is the\nprincipal failure mode for solid propellant.\n\nDani Eder\n\n-- \nDani Eder/Meridian Investment Company/(205)464-2697(w)/232-7467(h)/\nRt.1, Box 188-2, Athens AL 35611/Location: 34deg 37' N 86deg 43' W +100m alt.\n",
  u'From: jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu (James Thomas Green)\nSubject: Logic of Jesus?\nOrganization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo\nLines: 12\n\ndps@nasa.kodak.com Pontificated: \n>Simple logic arguments are folly.  If you read the Bible you will see\n>that Jesus made fools of those who tried to trick him with "logic".\n\nCan you cite an example of this.  Please post an answer as I\ndon\'t want to receive e-mail.  \n\n\n/~~~(-: James T. Green :-)~~~~(-: jgreen@oboe.calpoly.edu :-)~~~\\ \n|  "At all times and in all nations,                            |\n|     the priest has been hostile to liberty."                  |\n|                               <Thomas Jefferson>              |\n',
  u'From: ednclark@kraken.itc.gu.edu.au (Jeffrey Clark)\nSubject: Re: Societally acceptable behavior\nNntp-Posting-Host: kraken.itc.gu.edu.au\nOrganization: ITC, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia\nLines: 49\n\ncobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb) writes:\n\n>Merely a question for the basis of morality\n\n>Moral/Ethical behavior = _Societally_ _acceptable_ _behavior_.\n\n>1)Who is society\n\nSociety is the collection of individuals which will fall under self-defined\nrules.  In terms of UN decisions all the sets of peoples who are represented\nat the UN are considered part of that society. If we then look at US federal\nlaws provided by representatives of purely US citizens then the society for\nthat case would be the citizens of the US and so on.\n\n>2)How do "they" define what is acceptable?\n\n"Acceptable" are those behaviours which are either legislated for the\nsociety by representatives of that society or those behaviours which are\nnon-verbally and, in effect, non-consciously, such as picking your nose on\nthe Oprah Winfrey show, no-one does it, but there is no explicit law against\ndoing it. In many cases there are is no definition of whether or not a\nbehaviour is "acceptable", but one can deduce these behaviours by\nobservation.\n\n\n>3)How do we keep from a "whatever is legal is what is "moral" "position?\n\nIn an increasingly litigation mad society, this trap is becoming exceedingly\ndifficult to avoid. With the infusion and strengthening of ethnic cultures\nin American (and Australian, to bring in my local perspective) culture the\nboundaries of acceptable behaviour are ever widening and legislation may\neventually become the definition of moral behaviour. For instance, some\ncultures\' dominant religion call for live sacrifice of domesticated animals.\nMost fundamental christians would find this practice abhorrent. However, is\nit moral, according to the multicultural american society? This kind of\nproblem may only be definable by legislation. \n\nObviously within any society there will be differences in opinion in what is\nacceptable behaviour or not, and much of this will be due to different\nenvironmental circumstances rather than merely different opinions.  \n\nOne thing is for sure, there is no universal moral code which will suit all\ncultures in all situations.  There may, however, be some globally accepted\nmores which can be agreed upon and instantiated as a globally enforcable\nconcept. The majority of mores will not be common until all peoples upon\nthis earth are living in a similar environment (if that ever happens).\n\nJeff \'Nonickname\' Clark.\n\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Why we like DC-X (was Re: Shuttle 0-Defects & Bizarre? DC-X?)\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 11\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <C6zyuE.CGC@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n>(However, I do agree with Richard that if you're planning short missions,\n>it may not be worth the trouble of providing anything more than a urine-\n>disposal rig and a few baggies.)\n\nI don't know about C-5's,  but on C-130's  which are regularly used\nfor Medium  haul  Personnel transport by the Army,  only have a\nfunnel and a garden hose  in the aft.  The female personnel\nhate long trips in the box cars.\n\npat\n",
  u"From: bittrolff@evans.enet.dec.com ()\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\nLines: 12\nReply-To: bittrolff@evans.enet.dec.com ()\nOrganization: Digital Equipment Corporation\n\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.143754.643@ra.royalroads.ca>, mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee) writes:\n\n|>BTW, David Koresh was NOT\n|>Jesus Christ as he claimed.\n\nHow can you tell for sure? Three days haven't passed yet. \n\n--\nSteve Bittrolff\n\nThe previous is my opinion, and is shared by any reasonably intelligent person.\n",
  u'From: pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering)\nSubject: japanese moon landing/temporary orbit\nOrganization: Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana\nLines: 25\n\nrls@uihepa.hep.uiuc.edu (Ray Swartz (Oh, that guy again)) writes:\n\n>The gravity maneuvering that was used was to exploit \'fuzzy regions\'.  These\n>are described by the inventor as exploiting the second-order perturbations in a\n>three body system.  The probe was launched into this region for the\n>earth-moon-sun system, where the perturbations affected it in such a way as to\n>allow it to go into lunar orbit without large expenditures of fuel to slow\n>down. The idea is that \'natural objects sometimes get captured without\n>expending fuel, we\'ll just find the trajectory that makes it possible". The\n>originator of the technique said that NASA wasn\'t interested, but that Japan\n>was because their probe was small and couldn\'t hold a lot of fuel for\n>deceleration.\n\n\nI should probably re-post this with another title, so that\nthe guys on the other thread would see that this is a practical\nuse of "temporary orbits..."\n\nAnother possible temporary orbit:\n\n--\nPhil Fraering         |"Seems like every day we find out all sorts of stuff.\npgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu|Like how the ancient Mayans had televison." Repo Man\n\n\n',
  u'From: eder@hsvaic.boeing.com (Dani Eder)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: Boeing AI Center, Huntsville, AL\nLines: 18\n\nRe: Space billboards\n\nEven easier to implement than writing messages on the Moon, once upon\na time a group of space activists I belonged to in Seattle considered\na "Goodyear Blimp in orbit".  The idea was to use a large structure\nthat could carry an array of lights like the Goodyear Blimp has.\nPlaced in a low Earth orbit of high inclination, it could eventually\nbe seen by almost everyone on Earth.  Only our collective disapproval\nof cluttering up space with such a thing stopped us from pursuing\nit.  It had quite feasible economics, which I will not post here\nbecause I don\'t want to encourage the idea (if you want to do such\na thing, go figure it out for yourself).\n\nDani Eder\n\n-- \nDani Eder/Meridian Investment Company/(205)464-2697(w)/232-7467(h)/\nRt.1, Box 188-2, Athens AL 35611/Location: 34deg 37\' N 86deg 43\' W +100m alt.\n',
  u'From: ldawes@uahcs2.cs.uah.edu (Lisa Dawes)\nSubject: gif aerial maps?\nReply-To: ldawes@uahcs2.cs.uah.edu (Lisa Dawes)\nOrganization: Computer Science Dept. - Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville\nLines: 5\n\nIs there an ftp site for maps of the US.  Preferably aerial\nphotographs?\n\nThanks\n\n',
  u"From: roland@sics.se (Roland Karlsson)\nSubject: Re: Magellan Venus Maps (Thanks)\nIn-Reply-To: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov's message of 30 Mar 1993 00:34 UT\nLines: 14\nOrganization: Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Kista\n\n\nThanks Ron and Peter for some very nice maps.\n\nI have an advice though.  You wrote that the maps were reduced to 256\ncolors.  As far ad I understand JPEG pictures gets much better (and\nthe compressed files smaller) if you use the original 3 color 24 bit\ndata when converting to JPEG.\n\nThanks again,\n\n--\nRoland Karlsson             SICS, PO Box 1263, S-164 28 KISTA, SWEDEN\nInternet: roland@sics.se    Tel: +46 8 752 15 40          Fax: +46 8 751 72 30\nTelex: 812 6154 7011 SICS   Ttx: 2401-812 6154 7011=SICS\n",
  u'From: pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)\nSubject: The Magi of Matthew was The Jewish Discomfort With Jesus\nOrganization: The Duck Pond public unix: +1 408 249 9630, log in as \'guest\'.\nLines: 238\n\nIn article <1746.2BD37A66@paranet.FIDONET.ORG> \nBill.Carlson@p0.f18.n104.z1.FIDONET.ORG (Bill Carlson) writes:\n> Since everywhere I look, Zoroaster is suggested as being a probable\n> descendant of Daniel; suppose you prove he wasn\'t.\n\nRef: Encyclopedia of Religion, Mircea Eliade\n\nMAGI: \n\n[Sneak Preview: Later still, eschatology and apocalyptics were a fertile meeting\n ground for Iranian and Judeo-Christian religions, as can be seen in the famous\n _Oracles of Hystaspes_, a work whose Iranian roots are undeniable and which\n most likely dates from the beginning of the Christian era, probably the\n second century CE (Widengren, 1968). The Zoroastrian doctrine of the Savior of\n the Future (Saoshyant) was the basis for the story of the coming of the Magi\n to Bethlehem in the _Gospel of Matthew_ (2:1-12).]\n\n  The Old Persian word magu, rendered in Greek by magos, is of uncertain \netymology. It may originally have meant "member of the tribe," as in the\nAvestan compound mogu-tbish ("hostile to a member of the tribe"). This meaning\nwould have been further resticted, among the Medes, to "member of the priestly\ntribe" and perhaps to "priest" (Benveniste, 1938; Boyce, 1982). The term is\nprobably of Median origin, given that Herodotus mentions the "Magoi" as one of\nthe six tribes of the Medes.\n  For a variety of reasons we can consider the Magi to have been members of a\npriestly tribe of Median origin in western Iran. Among the Persians, they were\nresponsible for liturgical functions, as well as for maintaining their\nknowledge of the holy and the occult. Most likely, the supremacy of the Median\npriesthood in western Iran became established during the time of the Median\nmonarchy that dominated the Persians from the end of the eighth century\nthrough the first half of the sixth century BCE until the revolt of Cyrus the\nGreat (550 BCE). The Persians were indebted to the Medes for their political\nand civil institutions as well. Even if hypotheses have been advanced\nconcerning the existence of Magi of Persian origin in the Achaemenid period\n(Boyce, 1982), we must still maintain that they were of Median origin. This is\ndemonstrated by the eposide of the revolt of Gaumata the Magian, mentioned by\nDarius I (522-486 BCE) in the inscription at Bisutun (Iran), as well as by\nGreek sources. Indeed, Herodotus insists on the idea of the usurpatory power of\nthe Medes against the Persians through the conspiracy of the Magi.\n  The fact that the Magi may have been members of a tribe that handed down the\nsacerdotal arts in a hereditary fashion naturally did not exclude the\npossibility that some of them undertook secular prefessions. This seems to be\nattested by the Elamite tablets at Persepolis.\n  There is a theses, put forth by Giuseppe Messina, that denies that the Magi\nare members of an ethnic group by suggesting that they are simply members of\nthe priesthood - a priesthood of purely Zoroastrian origin. This thesis is\nuntenable; on the other hand, the hypothesis that their name is related to the\nAvestan term magavan, derived from the Gathic maga (Vedic, magha, "gift"), is\nnot without foundation (Mole, 1963). The meaning of maga can probably be found,\nin conformity with the Pahlavi tradition, within the context of the concept of\npurity, or separation of the "mixture" of the two opposed principles of spirit\nand matter. The maga, which has been erroneously interpreted as "chorus," from\nthe root mangh, which is said to mean "sing the magic song" (Nyberg, 1966) and\nhas been rendered simply by an expression like unio mystica, seems to be an\necstatic condition that opens the mind to spiritual vision. In any case, though\nthere may be a relation between the Old Persian term magu and the Avestan terms\nmagavan and maga, we must maintain a clear distinction between the Magi and the\nAvestan priesthood. The Avesta ignores the Median or Old Persian term, despite\na recent hypothesis proposed by H.W. Bailey; Old Persian inscriptions ignore\nthe Avestan term for "priest," athravan (Vedic, athravan), even if this is \nperhaps present in an Achaeminid setting in the Elamite tablets of Persepolis \n(Gershevitch, 1964).\n  The term magu has been present in Zoroastrianism throughout its history; the\nPahlavi terms mogh-mard and mobad represent its continuation. The latter in\nparticular derives from an older form, magupati ("head of the Magi"). During\nthe Sasanid period (third to seventh centuries CE), which saw the formation of\na hierarchically organized church, the title mobadan mobad ("the high priest of\nhigh priests") came to be used to designate the summit of the ecclesiastical\nhierarchy.\n  The Magi practiced consanguineous marriage, or khvaetvadatha (Av.; Pahl.,\nkhwedodah). They also performed a characteristic funeral rite: the exposure of\nthe corpse to animals and vultures to remove the flesh and thereby cleanse it.\nThe corpse was not supposed to decompose, lest it be contaminated by the demons\nof putrefaction. This practice later became typical of the entire Zoroastrian\ncommunity and led to the rise of a complex funeral ritual in Iran and among the\nParsis in India. Stone towers, known as dakhmas, were built especially for this\nrite. During the time of Herodotus the practice of exposure of the corpse was\nin vogue only among the Magi; the Persians generally sprinkled the corpse with\nwax, then buried it. The practice was widespread, however, among the peoples\nof Central Asia.\n  The Magi were the technicians of and experts on worship: it was impossible to\noffer sacrifices without the presence of a Magus. During the performance of a\nritual sacrifice, the Magus sang of the theogony (the Magi were possibly the\ncustodians of a tradition of sacred poetry, but we know nothing about the\nrelationship of this tradition to the various parts of the Avesta) and was\ncalled upon to interpret dreams and to divine the future. The Magi were also\nknown for the practice of killing harmful, or "Ahrimanical," animals (khrafstra)\nsuch as snakes and ants. They dressed in the Median style, wearing pants,\ntunics, and coats with sleeves. They wore a characteristic head covering of\nfelt (Gr. tiara) with strips on the sides that could be used to cover the nose\nand mouth during rituals to avoid contaminating consecrated objects with their\nbreath (Boyce, 1982). The color of these caps, in conformity with a tradition\nthat is probably of Indo-European origin, according to Georges Dumezil, was\nthat of the priesthood: white.\n  In all likelihood, during the Achaemenid period the Magi were not in\npossession of a well-defined body of doctrine, and it is probable that they\ngradually adopted Zoroastrianism; they were most likely a clergy consisting of\nprofessional priests who were not tied to a rigid orthodoxy but were naturally\ninclined to eclecticism and syncretism. Nonetheless, they must have been\njealous guardians of the patrimony of Zorastrian traditions. By virtue of this\nthey were the educators of the royal princes. The wisest of them was responsible\nfor teaching the prince the "magic of Zarathushtra, son of Horomazes" and thus\nthe "cult of the gods." Magi who excelled in other virtues were entrusted with\nthe education of the prince so that he would learn to be just, courageous, and\nmaster of himself.\n  During the Achaemenid period the Magi maintained a position of great\ninfluence, although they were certainly subordinate to the emperor. Despite\nseveral dramatic events such as the massacre they suffered after the death of\nGaumata the Magian - in which, according to Herodotus (who calls himself\nSmerdis), the Persians killed a large number of Magi to avenge the usurpation -\nthe Magi nevertheless managed to maintain their influence at court in Media,\nin Persia, and in the various regions of the empire where they were stationed\nas a consequence of the Persian civilian and military administration.\n  No priesthood of antiquity was more famous than that of the Magi. They were\nrenowned as followers of Zarathushtra (Zoroaster); as the teachers of some of\nthe greatest Greek thinkers (Pythagoras, Democritus, Plato); as the wise men\nwho arrived, guided by a star, at the manger of the newborn savior in\nBethlehem; and as the propagators of a cult of the sun in India. But they were\nalso known as the Chaldeans, the priesthood of Babylon, known for its occultism;\nthis was perhaps the reason that the term magos had a pejorative sense in Greek,\nlike "goes," "expert in the magic arts" (Bidez and Cumont, 1938). Indeed, the\nChaldeans were experts in all types of magical arts, especially astrology, and\nhad a reputation for wisdom as well as knowledge.\n  To understand the reasons for such various and sometimes discordant views, it\nis necessary to distinguish between the Magi of Iran proper and the so-called\nwestern Magi, who were later hellenized. In the Achaemenid period both must\nhave been at least in part Zoroastrian, but the western Magi (those of the\nIranian diaspora in Asia Minor, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Armenia), who came in\ncontact with diverse religious traditions, must have, sooner or later and in\nvarying degrees, been influenced by syncretic concepts.\n  The Greeks were familiar with both kinds of Magi and, depending on their\nvarying concerns, would emphasize one or the other aspect of them. Classical\nhistorians and geographers, including Herodotus and Strabo, document their\ncustoms, while the philosophers dwell above all on their doctrines: dualism,\nbelief in the hereafter, Magian cosmology and cosmogony, and their theology\nand eschatology. Those sources most interested in the doctrines of the Magi\neven speak of Zarathushtra as a Magus. In doing so they are repeating what the\nMagi themselves said from the Median and Achaemenid periods, when they adopted\nZoroastrianism. At that time they embraced Zarathushtra as one of their own and\nplaced themselves under his venerable name.\n  Zoroastrianism had already undergone several profound transformations in the\neastern community by the time of the Acheamenids and was already adapting those\nelements of the archaic religion that refused to die. It has been said quite\noften, in an attempt to characterize the precise role of the Magi in the\nZoroastrian tradition, that the Vendidad (from vi-daevo-data, "the law-abjuring\ndaivas"), part of the Avesta, should be attributed to them. (This collection of\ntexts from various periods is primarily concerned with purificatory rules and\npractices.) Nonetheless, the hypothesis is hardly plausible, since the first\nchapter of the Vendidad - a list of sixteen lands created by Ahura Mazda, the\nsupreme god of Zoroastrianism, but contaminated by an attack by Ahriman (Pahl.;\nGathic-Avestan, Angra Mainyu), the other supreme god and the ultimate source of\nall evil and suffering - does not mention western Iran, Persia, or Media (the\nland of Ragha mentioned in the text cannot be Median Raghiana). Furthermore, it\nhas been noted (Gershevitch, 1964) that if the authors had been Magi the\nabsence of any reference to western Iranian institutions, including their own\npriesthood, would be very strange.\n  The Magi were above all the means by which the Zoroastrian tradition and the\ncorpus of the Avesta have been transmitted to us, from the second half of the\nfirst millennium BCE on. This has been their principal merit. We can attribute\ndirectly to the Magi the new formulation that Iranian dualism assumed, known to\nus especially from Greek sources and, in part, from the Pahlavi literature of\nthe ninth and tenth centuries CE. According to this formulation, the two poles\nof the dualism are no longer, as in the Gathas, Spenta Mainyu ("beneficent\nspirit") and Angra Mainyu ("hostile spirit") but Ahura Mazda himself and Angra\nMainyu (Gershevitch, 1964). [See Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu.] This trans-\nformation was of immense consequence for the historical development of Zoro-\nastrianism and was most likely determined by the contact of the Magi with the\nMesopotamian religious world. In this new dualism - which was that later known\nto the Greeks (Aristotle, Eudemus of Rhodes, Theopompus, and others) - we can\nsee the affirmation of a new current of thought within Zoroastrianism, to which\nwe give the name Zurvanism. [See Zurvanism.]\n  Thanks to their adherence to Zoroastrianism, the Magi played an enormously\nimportant role in the transmission of Zarathushtra\'s treachings, as well as in\nthe definition of the new forms that these would assume historically. Their\nnatural propensity to eclecticism and syncretism also helped the diffusion of\nZoroastrian ideas in the communities of the Iranian diaspora. The Greeks began\nto study their doctrines and to take an interest in them (Xanthus of Lydia,\nHermodorus, Aristotle, Theopompus, Hermippus, Dinon), even writing treatises\non the Persian religion, of which only the titles and a few fragments have\nsurvived. In the Hellenistic period, the Magi were seen as a secular school of\nwisdom, and writings on magic, astrology, and alchemy were lent the authority\nof such prestigious names as Zarathushtra, Ostanes, and Hystaspes, forming an\nabundant apocryphal literature. (Bidez and Cumont, 1938).\n  Later still, eschatology and apocalyptics were a fertile meeting\nground for Iranian and Judeo-Christian religions, as can be seen in the famous\n_Oracles of Hystaspes_, a work whose Iranian roots are undeniable and which\nmost likely dates from the beginning of the Christian era, probably the\nsecond century CE (Widengren, 1968). The Zoroastrian doctrine of the Savior of\nthe Future (Saoshyant) was the basis for the story of the coming of the Magi\nto Bethlehem in the _Gospel of Matthew_ (2:1-12). [See Saoshyant.]\n  The Sasanid period saw the Magi once again play a determining role in the\nreligious history of Iran. Concerned to win back the western Magi (de Menasce,\n1956), and eager to consolidate Zoroastrianism as the national religion of\nIran, the priests of Iranian sanctuaries in Media and Persia were able to\nestablish a true state church, strongly hierarchical and endowed with an\northodoxy based on the formation of a canon of scriptures. The leading figures\nin the development of a state religion and of Zoroastrian orthodoxy were Tosar\nand Kerder, the persecutors of Mani in the third century.\n\nSAOSHYANT:\n  The Avestan term saoshyant ("future benefactor"; MPers., soshans) designates\nthe savior of the world, who will arrive at a future time to redeem humankind.\nThe concept of the future savior is one of the fundamental notions of Zoro-\nastrianism, together with that of dualism; it appears as early as in the Gathas.\nZarathushtra (Zoroaster), as the prophet of the religion, is himself a Sao-\nshyant, one who performs his works for the Frashokereti, the end of the present\nstate of the world, when existence will be "rehabilitated" and "made splendid."\n[See Frashokereti]\n  Later Zoroastrian doctrine developed this notion into a true eschatological\nmyth and expanded the number of Saoshyants from one to three. All the saviors\nare born from the seed of Zarathushtra, which is preserved through the ages in\nLake Kansaoya (identified with present-day Lake Helmand, in Seistan, Iran),\nprotected by 99,999 fravashis, or guardian spirits. The greatest of the awaited\nSaoshyants, the victorious Astvatereta ("he who embodies truth"), the son of\nthe Vispataurvairi ("she who conquers all"), is the third, who will make\nexistence splendid; he appears in Yashts 19. Upon his arrival humankind will\nno longer be subject to old age, death, or corruption, and will be granted\nunlimited power. At that time the dead will be resurrected, and the living will\nbe immortal and indestructable. Brandishing the weapon with which he kills the\npowerful enemies of the world of truth (that is, the world of the spirit, and\nof asha), Astvatereta will look upon the whole of corporeal existence and\nrender it imperishable. He and his comrades will engage in a great battle with\nthe forces of evil, which will be destroyed.\n  The name Astvatereta is clearly the result of theological speculation\n(Kellens, 1974), as are those of his two brothers, Ukhshyatereta, "he who makes\ntruth grow," and Ukhshyatnemah, "he who makes reverence grow"; the names of the\nthree virgins (Yashts 13) who are impregnated with the seed of Zarathushtra\nwhen they bathe in Lake Kansaoya and give birth to the Saoshyants, are equally\nspeculative. Each of these Saoshyants will arrive at the beginning of a\nmillennium, initiating a new age and a new cycle of existence; Astvatereta will\nappear in the third and final millennium to save mankind.\n  The doctrine of the future savior had already taken shape in the Archaemenid\nperiod (sixth to fourth century BCE). It was not, perhaps the principal element\nin the formation of the messianic idea, but it was certainly a determining\nfactor, one that enjoyed great success in the Hellenistic period beyond the\nconfines of the Iranian world. A similar concept, that of the future Buddha,\nMaitreya, was most likely indebted to it, and Christian messianism can trace\nits roots to the same source.\n',
  u'From: asiivo@cs.joensuu.fi (Antti Siivonen)\nSubject: Re: Part 1 and part 2 (re: Homosexuality)\nOrganization: University of Joensuu\nLines: 9\n\n\tLong time, no see.\n\n\t\t\tAndreas\n\n-- \n\n\t\tAndreas - Siperian Sirri   Siberian Stint\n\n\tNo ITU, love, evolution.           Tuusniemi ! Siis imein suut !\n',
  u'From: skinner@sp94.csrd.uiuc.edu (Gregg Skinner)\nSubject: Re: Davidians and compassion\nReply-To: g-skinner@uiuc.edu\nOrganization: UIUC Center for Supercomputing Research and Development\nLines: 26\n\nsandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr20.143400.569@ra.royalroads.ca>, mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca\n>(Malcolm Lee) wrote:\n>> Do you judge all Christians by the acts of those who would call\n>> themselves Christian and yet are not?  The BD\'s contradicted scripture\n>> in their actions.  They were NOT Christian.  Simple as that.  Perhaps\n>> you have read too much into what the media has portrayed.  Ask any\n>> true-believing Christian and you will find that they will deny any\n>> association with the BD\'s.  Even the 7th Day Adventists have denied any\n>> further ties with this cult, which was what they were.\n\n>Well, if they were Satanists, or followers of an obscure religion,\n>then I would be sure that Christians would in unison condemn and \n>make this to a show case.\n\nYou might be sure, but you would also be wrong.\n\n>And does not this show the dangers with religion -- in order \n>word a mind virus that will make mothers capable of letting\n>their small children burn to ashes while they scream?\n\nI suspect the answer to this question is the same as the answer to,\n"Do not the actions of the likes of Stalin show the dangers of\natheism?"\n\n',
  u'From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Successful Balloon Flight Measures Ozone Layer\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 96\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nKeywords: JPL\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nForwarded from:\nPUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE\nJET PROPULSION LABORATORY\nCALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY\nNATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION\nPASADENA, CALIF. 91109. (818) 354-5011\n\nContact:  Mary A. Hardin\n\nFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE                              April 15, 1993\n#1506\n\n     Scientists at NASA\'s Jet Propulsion Laboratory report the\nsuccessful flight of a balloon carrying instruments designed to\nmeasure and study chemicals in the Earth\'s ozone layer.\n\n     The April 3 flight from California\'s Barstow/Daggett Airport\nreached an altitude of 37 kilometers (121,000 feet) and took\nmeasurements as part of a program established to correlate data\nwith the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).  \n\n     The data from the balloon flight will also be compared to\nreadings from the Atmospheric Trace Molecular Spectroscopy\n(ATMOS) experiment which is currently flying onboard the shuttle\nDiscovery.\n\n     "We launch these balloons several times a year as part of an\nongoing ozone research program.  In fact, JPL is actively\ninvolved in the study of ozone and the atmosphere in three\nimportant ways," said Dr. Jim Margitan, principal investigator on\nthe balloon research campaign.  \n\n     "There are two JPL instruments on the UARS satellite," he\ncontinued.  "The ATMOS experiment is conducted by JPL scientists,\nand the JPL balloon research provides collaborative ground truth\nfor those activities, as well as data that is useful in its own\nright."\n\n     The measurements taken by the balloon payload will add more\npieces to the complex puzzle of the atmosphere, specifically the\nmid-latitude stratosphere during winter and spring. \nUnderstanding the chemistry occurring in this region helps\nscientists construct more accurate computer models which are\ninstrumental in predicting future ozone conditions.\n\n     The scientific balloon payload consisted of three JPL\ninstruments:  an ultraviolet ozone photometer which measures\nozone as the balloon ascends and descends through the atmosphere;\na submillimeterwave limb sounder which looks at microwave\nradiation emitted by molecules in the atmosphere; and a Fourier\ntransform infrared interferometer which monitors how the\natmosphere absorbs sunlight. \n\n     Launch occurred at about noontime, and following a three-\nhour ascent, the balloon floated eastward at approximately 130\nkilometers per hour (70 knots).  Data was radioed to ground\nstations and recorded onboard.  The flight ended at 10 p.m.\nPacific time in eastern New Mexico when the payload was commanded\nto separate from the balloon.\n\n     "We needed to fly through sunset to make the infrared\nmeasurements," Margitan explained, "and we also needed to fly in\ndarkness to watch how quickly some of the molecules disappear."\n\n     It will be several weeks before scientists will have the\ncompleted results of their experiments.  They will then forward\ntheir data to the UARS central data facility at the Goddard Space\nFlight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland for use by the UARS\nscientists.    \n\n     The balloon was launched by the National Scientific Balloon\nFacility, normally based in Palestine, Tex., operating under a\ncontract from NASA\'s Wallops Flight Facility.  The balloon was\nlaunched in California because of the west-to-east wind direction\nand the desire to keep the operation in the southwest.\n\n     The balloons are made of 20-micron (0.8 mil, or less than\none-thousandth of an inch) thick plastic, and are 790,000 cubic\nmeters (28 million cubic feet) in volume when fully inflated with\nhelium (120 meters (400 feet) in diameter).  The balloons weigh\nbetween 1,300 and 1,800 kilograms (3,000 and 4,000 pounds).  The\nscientific payload weighs about 1,300 kilograms (3,000) pounds\nand is 1.8 meters (six feet) square by 4.6 meters (15 feet) high.\n\n     The JPL balloon research is sponsored by NASA\'s Upper\nAtmosphere Research Program and the UARS Correlative Measurements\nProgram.                        \n\n                              #####\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | Being cynical never helps \n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | to correct the situation \n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | and causes more aggravation\n                                                  | instead.\n',
  u'From: nrp@st-andrews.ac.uk (Norman R. Paterson)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: St. Andrews University, Scotland.\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <1r59na$e81@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n>In article <1993Apr21.141259.12012@st-andrews.ac.uk>, nrp@st-andrews.ac.uk (Norman R. Paterson) writes:\n>|> In article <1r2m21$8mo@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n...\n>> Ok, so you don\'t claim to have an absolute moral system.  Do you claim\n>> to have an objective one?  I\'ll assume your answer is "yes," apologies\n>> if not.\n>\n>I\'ve just spent two solid months arguing that no such thing as an\n>objective moral system exists.\n>\n>jon.\n\nApologies, I\'ve not been paying attention.\n\n-Norman\n',
  u"From: kv07@IASTATE.EDU (Warren Vonroeschlaub)\nSubject: Re: Albert Sabin\nReply-To: kv07@IASTATE.EDU (Warren Vonroeschlaub)\nOrganization: Ministry of Silly Walks\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.225657.17804@rambo.atlanta.dg.com>, wpr@atlanta.dg.com\n(Bill Rawlins) writes:\n>       Since you have referred to the Messiah, I assume you are referring\n>        to the New Testament.  Please detail your complaints or e-mail if\n>        you don't want to post.  First-century Greek is well-known and\n>        well-understood.  Have you considered Josephus, the Jewish Historian,\n>        who also wrote of Jesus?  In addition, the four gospel accounts\n>        are very much in harmony.  \n\n  Bill, I find it rather remarkable that you managed to zero in on what is\nprobably the weakest evidence.\n\n  What is probably the most convincing is the anti-Christian literature put out\nby the Jewish councils in the second century.  There are enormous quantities of\ndetailed arguments against Christianity, many of the arguments still being used\ntoday.  Despite volumes of tracts attacking Christianity, not one denies the\nexistance of Jesus, only of his activities.\n\n  I find this considerably more compelling than Josephus or the harmony of the\ngospels (especially considering that Matthew and Luke probably used Mark as a\nsource).\n\n |  __L__\n-|-  ___  Warren Kurt vonRoeschlaub\n |  | o | kv07@iastate.edu\n |/ `---' Iowa State University\n/|   ___  Math Department\n |  |___| 400 Carver Hall\n |  |___| Ames, IA  50011\n J  _____\n",
  u"From: psyrobtw@ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss)\nSubject: 25 Apr 93   God's Promise in Psalm 56:4\nOrganization: University at Buffalo\nLines: 9\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41\nNntp-Posting-Host: ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu\n\n\n\n\tIn God,\n\twhose word I praise,\n\tin God I trust;\n\tI will not be afraid.\n\tWhat can mortal man do to me?\n\n\tPsalm 56:4 (NIV)\n",
  u"From: Charlie Fulton <charlie@isis.mit.edu>\nSubject: Re: Abortion\nOrganization: Ctr for Advanced Rsrch in Oppressive Binarisms\nLines: 16\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: barabajagal-too.mit.edu\nX-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1\n\nIn article <C5n2xM.vsD@watson.ibm.com> Larry Margolis, \nmargoli@watson.ibm.com writes:\n>In <17858.459.uupcb@ozonehole.com> anthony.landreneau@ozonehole.com \n(Anthony \n>Landreneau)  writes:\n>>\n>>The rape has passed, there is nothing that will ever take that away.\n>\n>True.  But forcing her to remain pregnant continues the violation of\n>her body for another 9 months.  I see this as being unbelievably cruel.\n\nIf she doesn't welcome the excruciating pain of labor, the\nselfish bitch deserves to die in childbirth.  She was probably\nlying about the rape anyway.\n\nCharlie\n",
  u'From: king@ctron.com (John E. King)\nSubject: Re: Albert Sabin\nOrganization: Cabletron Systems Inc.\nLines: 9\nNNTP-Posting-Host: saturn.ctron.com\nTo: rfox@charlie.usd.edu\n\n\nrfox@charlie.usd.edu writes:\n\n[Discussion on Josephus inserts]\n\nThanks.  Am I correct, then, in assuming that that Josephus\ndid in fact write about Jesus, but Christian copists embellished it?\n\nJack\n',
  u'From: sgoldste@aludra.usc.edu (Fogbound Child)\nSubject: Re: "Fake" virtual reality\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 31\nNNTP-Posting-Host: aludra.usc.edu\n\nMike_Peredo@mindlink.bc.ca (Mike Peredo) writes:\n\n>The most ridiculous example of VR-exploitation I\'ve seen so far is the\n>"Virtual Reality Clothing Company" which recently opened up in Vancouver. As\n>far as I can tell it\'s just another "chic" clothes spot. Although it would be\n>interesting if they were selling "virtual clothing"....\n\n>E-mail me if you want me to dig up their phone # and you can probably get\n>some promotional lit.\n\nI understand there have been a couple of raves in LA billing themselves as\n"Virtual Reality" parties. What I hear they do is project .GIF images around\non the walls, as well as run animations through a Newtek Toaster.\n\nSeems like we need to adopt the term Really Virtual Reality or something, except\nfor the non-immersive stuff which is Virtually Really Virtual Reality.\n\n\netc.\n\n\n\n>MP\n>(8^)-\n\n___Samuel___\n-- \n_________Pratice Safe .Signature! Prevent Dangerous Signature Virii!_______\nGuildenstern: Our names shouted in a certain dawn ... a message ... a\n              summons ... There must have been a moment, at the beginning,\n              where we could have said -- no. But somehow we missed it.\n',
  u'From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: IF ONLY HE KNEW\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 20\n\nprudenti@juncol.juniata.edu wrote:\n\n: Upon arriving at home, Joseph probably took advantage of Mary...had his way\n: with her so to speak.  Of course, word of this couldn\'t get around so Mary,\n: being the highly-religious follower that she was decided "Hey, I\'ll just say\n: that GOD impregnated me...no one will ever know!"\n: \n: Thus, seen as a trustworthy and honorable soul, she was believed...\n:     \n: And then came Jesus, the child born from violence.\n: \n: \n: \n\nDave,\n\nCan you explain the purpose of your post, I can\'t imagine what you\nmust have thougt it meant. \n\nBill\n',
  u'From: maverick@wpi.WPI.EDU (T. Giaquinto)\nSubject: General Information Request\nOrganization: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609-2280\nLines: 11\nNNTP-Posting-Host: wpi.wpi.edu\n\n\n\tI am looking for any information about the space program.\nThis includes NASA, the shuttles, history, anything!  I would like to\nknow if anyone could suggest books, periodicals, even ftp sites for a\nnovice who is interested in the space program.\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\tTodd Giaquinto\n\t\t\t\t\tmaverick@wpi.WPI.EDU\n\t\t\t\t\t\n',
  u'From: brian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, Tucson AZ.\nLines: 71\n\nIn article <bskendigC5L782.JM5@netcom.com> bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig) writes:\n\n>John 12:24-26: "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat\n>falls onto the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it\n>produces much grain.\n>  "He who loves his life will lose it, and he who hates his life in\n>this world will keep it for eternal life.\n>  "If anyone serves Me, let him follow Me; and where I am, there My\n>servant will be also.  If anyone serves Me, him My Father will honor."\n>\n>Why would I want an eternal life if I hate this one?\n\nAgain, you missed Jesus\'s point.  If you read the surrounding passages\nyou would understand what Jesus means by "life in the world."  But\nas is, you bumbled around, asserted your standard axiom that the Bible is bunk,\nand came up with the wrong idea.  Also, you do not know exactly\nwhat Jesus means by eternal life.  \n\nBrian K., do you expect to jump in the middle of the quantum mechanics\nbook and understand Hermite polynomials having not read the surrounding\nmaterial?  Why do you such with the Bible?  For an idea what Jesus\nmeans by the world, look up references to it in your concordance.  For\na good description, the whole Book of Ecclesiastes is game.  For \neternal life, check out John 17:3, John 3:15-16.  You will find that\neternal life is quite different than what you think.  Eternal life\nstarts NOW--an infinitely high quality of life living in fellowship\nwith God.\n\n\n>In short: even if your deity *does* exist, that doesn\'t automatically\n>mean that I would worship it.  I am content to live my own life, and\n>fend for myself, so when I die, I can be proud of the fact that no\n>matter where I end up, it will be because of *my* actions and *my* choices.\n>\n>If your god decides to toss me into a flaming pit for this, then so be\n>it.  I would much rather just cease to exist.  But if your god wants\n>my respect and my obedience, then it had better earn these; and if it\n>does, then they will be very strong and true.\n\nIf my diety exists, you would not just cease to exist.  Jesus talks of\nhell in Luke 16:19-31.  \n\n\n>You\'ve got to understand my point-of-view: I see Christians spouting\n>Bible verse all the time as if it were some sort of magic spell that\n>will level all opposition.  Truth is, it\'s not.  Robert has never\n>demonstrated that he actually understands what the verses imply; he\n>just rattles them off day by day.  Some brazenly fly in the face of\n>common sense and reality, and I point these out where I can.\n\n\nThe truth is, is that it is not some sort of magic spell.  The truth\nis is that you do not understand it, and enjoy not understanding it.\n\n>Christanity is a very nice belief set around a very nice book. \n\n\nWrong again.  Christianity is supposed to be relationship.  You\ndo not even know what Christianity is and you are arguing against\nit.\n\n>And in my opinion, you\'re bumbling about blindly making up entities\n>where there aren\'t any, and depriving yourself of a true understanding\n>and enjoyment of your life.  As long as you keep your beliefs to\n>yourself, I\'ll keep my beliefs to myself -- but as soon as you start\n>waving them around, expect me to toss in my opinions, too.\n\nJust as I make up such places as Jericho, Jerusalem, Babylon, Corinth,\nEphesus, Susa, and such kings as Nebuchanezzar, David, Solomon,\nSennacherib, Herod, Pontius Pilate . . . .   But I guess then\nthat you treat Abraham Lincoln as a myth like you do Odin and Zeus.\n',
  u'From: jaskew@spam.maths.adelaide.edu.au (Joseph Askew)\nSubject: Re: Small Astronaut (was: Budget Astronaut)\nOrganization: Statistics, Pure & Applied Mathematics, University of Adelaide\nLines: 25\n\nIn article <1pfkf5$7ab@access.digex.com> prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n\n>Only one problem with sending a corp of Small astronauts.\n>THey may want to start a galactic empire:-)   Napoleon\n>complex you know.  Genghis Khan was a little guy too.  I\'d bet\n>Julius caesar never broke 5\'1".\n\nI think you would lose your money. Julius was actually rather tall\nfor a Roman. He did go on record as favouring small soldiers though.\nThought they were tougher and had more guts. He was probably right\nif you think about it. As for Napoleon remember that the French\navergae was just about 5 feet and that height is relative! Did he\nreally have a complex?\n\nObSpace :  We have all seen the burning candle from High School that goes\nout and relights. If there is a large hot body placed in space but in an\natmosphere, exactly how does it heat the surroundings? Diffusion only?\n\nJoseph Askew\n\n-- \nJoseph Askew, Gauche and Proud  In the autumn stillness, see the Pleiades,\njaskew@spam.maths.adelaide.edu  Remote in thorny deserts, fell the grief.\nDisclaimer? Sue, see if I care  North of our tents, the sky must end somwhere,\nActually, I rather like Brenda  Beyond the pale, the River murmurs on.\n',
  u'Subject: Re: "lds" Rick\'s reply\nFrom: <ISSCCK@BYUVM.BITNET>\nOrganization: Brigham Young University\nLines: 159\n\n\nRobert Weiss (psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu) writes:\n\n#Rick Anderson replied to my letter with...\n#\n#ra> In article <C5ELp2.L0C@acsu.buffalo.edu>,\n#ra> psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss) says:\n#ra>\n\n(...)\n\n# Just briefly, on something that you mentioned in passing. You refer to\n# differing interpretations of "create," and say that many Christians may\n# not agree. So what? That is really irrelevant. We do not base our faith\n# on how many people think one way or another, do we? The bottom line is\n# truth, regardless of popularity of opinions.\n\nIt may be "irrelevant" to you and *your* personal beliefs (or should I say\n"bias"?), but it is relevant to me and many others.  You\'re right, "the\nbottom line IS truth," independant from you or anyone else.  Since you\nproclaim "truths" as a self-proclaimed appointee, may I ask you by what\nauthority you do this?  Because "it says so in the Bible?"  --Does the\nBible "say so," or is it YOU, or someone else, who interprets whether a\nscripture or doctrine conforms to your particular liking or "disapproval"?\n\nExcuse moi, but your line of "truths" haven\'t moved me one bit to persuade\nme that my beliefs are erroneous.  Of all the "preachers" of "truth" on\nthis net, you have struck me as a self-righteous member of the wrecking\ncrew, with no positive message to me or any other Latter-day Saint...\nBTW, this entire discussion reminds me a lot of the things said by Jesus\nto the pharisees: "ye hypocrite(s) . . . ye preach about me with your lips,\nbut your hearts are far removed from me..."\n\n# Also, I find it rather strange that in trying to persuade that created\n# and eternally existent are equivalent, you say "granted the Mormon\n# belief..." You can\'t grant your conclusion and then expect the point to\n# have been addressed. In order to reply to the issue, you have to address\n# and answer the point that was raised, and not just jump to the\n# conclusion that you grant.\n\nSophistry.  Look who\'s talking: "jumping to conclusions?"  You wouldn\'t do\nthat yourself, right?  All YOU address is your own convictions, regardless\nwhether we come up with any Biblical scriptures which supports our points\nof view, because you reject such interpretations without any consideration\nwhatsoever.\n\n#\n# The Bible states that Lucifer was created.  The Bible states that Jesus\n# is the creator of all. The contradiction that we have is that the LDS\n# belief is that Jesus and Lucifer were the same.\n\nA beautiful example of disinformation and a deliberate misrepresentation\nof lds doctrine.  The former KGB would have loved to employ you.\nJesus and lucifer are not "the same," silly, and you know it.\n\n(...)\n\n# The Mormon belief is that all are children of God. Literally. There is\n# nothing symbolic about it. This however, contradicts what the Bible\n# says. The Bible teaches that not everyone is a child of God:\n\nCorrection: it may contradict would YOU think the Bible says.  The Bible\nindeed does teach that not all are children of God in the sense that they\n"belong to" or follow God in His footsteps.  Satan and his followers have\nrebelled against God, and are not "children (=followers/redeemed) of God,"\nbut it doesn\'t mean that they were not once created by God, but chose to\nseparate themselves from those who chose to follow God and His plan of\nsalvation.\n\n#\n#        The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the\n#        kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked "one";\n#        (Matthew 13:38)\n\nSo?  --This illustrates nicely what I just said: the children of the\nkingdom are those who have remained valiant in their testimony of Jesus\n(and have shown "works of repentance, etc.), and the children of the\nwicked one are those who rebelled against God and the lamb.  The issue\nof satan\'s spirit-origin (and of those who followed him) has not been\naddressed in this and other verses you copied from your Bible.  You\npurposefully obscured the subject by swamping your "right" with non-\nrelated scriptures.\n\n(...lots of nice scriptures deleted (NOT Robert W. copyrighted) though...)\n\n#ra> > We are told that, "And this is life eternal, that they might know\n#ra> > thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent."\n#ra> > (John 17:3). Life eternal is to know the only true God. Yet the\n#ra> > doctrines of the LDS that I have mentioned portray a vastly\n#ra> > different Jesus, a Jesus that cannot be reconciled with the Jesus of\n#ra> > the Bible. They are so far removed from each other that to proclaim\n\nCorrection: "my" Jesus is indeed different than your Jesus, and CAN be\nreconciled with the Jesus in the Bible.  --Not your interpretation of Him,\nI concur, but I honestly couldn\'t care less.\n\n#ra> > one as being true denies the other from being true. According to the\n#ra> > Bible, eternal life is dependent on knowing the only true God, and\n#ra> > not the construct of imagination.\n\nIn this single posting of yours, I\'ve seen more "constructs of imagination"\nthan in all of the pro-lds mails combined I have read so far in this news\ngroup.  First get your lds-facts straight before you dare preaching to us\nabout "the only true God," whom you interpret according to your own likes\nand dislikes, but whose image I cannot reconcile with what I know about\nHim myself.  I guess your grandiose self-image does not allow for other\nfaiths, believing in the divinity of Jesus Christ, but in a different\nway or fashion than your own.  Not that it really matters, the mission\nand progress of the lds church will go on, boldly and nobly, and no mob\nor opponent can stop the work from progressing, until it has visited\nevery continent, swept every clime, and sounded in every ear.\n\n#  This is really a red herring. It doesn\'t address any issue raised, but\n#  rather, it seeks to obfuscate. The fact that some groups try to read\n#  something into the Bible, doesn\'t change what the Bible teaches.\n\nSigh.  "What the Bible teaches"?  Or: "what the bible teaches according to\nRobert Weiss and co.?"  I respect the former, I reject the latter without\nthe remotest feeling that I have rejected Jesus.  On the contrary.  And by\nthe way, I do respect your interpretations of the Bible, I even grant you\nbeing a Christian (following your own image of Him), as much as I am a\nChristian (following my own image of Him in my heart).\n\n(...)\n\n#  Most of the other replies have instead hop-scotched to the issue of\n#  Bruce McConkie and whether his views were \'official doctrine.\' I don\'t\n#  think that it matters if McConkie\'s views were canon. That is not the\n#  issue.  Were McConkie\'s writings indicative of Mormon belief on this\n#  subject is the real issue. The indication from Rick is that they may\n#  certainly be.\n\nThe issue is, of course, that you love to use anything to either mis-\nrepresent or ridicule the lds church.  The issue of "official doctrine"\nis obviously very important.  McConkie\'s views have been controversial\n(e.g. "The Seven Deadly Heresies" has made me a heretic!  ;-) at best,\nor erroneous at worst ("blacks not to receive the priesthood in this\ndispensation").  I respect him as someone who has made his valuable\ncontribution to the church, but I personally do NOT rely on his personal\ninterpretations (his book "Mormon Doctrine" is oftentimes referred to\nas "McConkie\'s Bible" in mormon circles) on mormon doctrine.  I rather\nlook to official (doctrinal) sources, and... to Hugh Nibley\'s books!\n(The last comment is an lds-insider reference.)  Summarizing: McConkie\nwas a wise man who contributed undoubtedly far more to the kingdom of\nGod than I have, but whose views are by no means dogma or accepted\ndoctrine, some of it clearly belongs to personal interpretation and\nspeculation.  But having said this, I find McConkie (even in his most\nbiased and speculative moments) far more thought-provoking than the\ntrash coming from your proverbial pen.  I\'m somewhat appalled that I have\nallowed myself to sink as low as you in this posting...\n\n=============================\nRobert Weiss\npsyrobtw@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu\n\n\nCasper C. Knies              isscck@byuvm.bitnet\nBrigham Young University     isscck@vm.byu.edu\nUCS Computer Facilities\n',
  u"Organization: Penn State University\nFrom: <JER114@psuvm.psu.edu>\nSubject: scanned grey to color equations?\nLines: 7\n\nA while back someone had several equations which could be used for changing 3 f\niltered grey scale images into one true color image.  This is possible because\nit's the same theory used by most color scanners.  I am not looking for the obv\nious solution which is to buy a color scanner but what I do need is those equat\nions becasue I am starting to write software which will automate the conversion\n process.  I would really appreciate it if someone would repost the 3 equations\n/3 unknowns.   Thanks for the help!!!\n",
  u'From: frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Theism : Evidence?\nOrganization: Siemens-Nixdorf AG\nLines: 181\nNNTP-Posting-Host: d012s658.ap.mchp.sni.de\n\n[to Benedikt Roseneau ]\n\n#In article <1qv6at$fb4@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>\n#frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n# \n#>#The information of that is invariant under your child being a son or\n#>#a daughter and singing about Santa Claus. Wasn\'t your argument that\n#>#"there has to be more"?\n#>More than what?\n#More than we assume.\n\nWhich is what, exactly?\n\n#>(a) Most of the people I debate disagree with my premises.  Hardly debate\n#>    otherwise.\n# \n#Your favorite point that we sense so it hs to be there has been challenged\n#more than once. When I did it, you said, "good question", and did not\n#address it.\n\nI\'ve addressed "it" (your caricature is not my "favourite point", needless\nto say) at length in a previous outing, and am currently discussing it with \nEric Rescorla.  \n\n#>(b) There\'s little point in responding the same points everywhere; I do\n#>    my best to give everyone the courtesy of a reply.\n# \n#You still repeat that point.\n\nI do? Curious, since I believe that was the first time I\'ve ever made it.\nNot that repetition would imply much more than your seeming inability\nto understand; you ask me the same question, I\'ll give you the same\nanswer, especially when in this case, I know the answer to be true.  I\ndo my best to give everyone the courtesy of a reply, but if everyone is\nmaking the same points, and I\'m pushed for time, then I try to respond what I \nbelieve are the strongest formulations of those points.  If that doesn\'t\ninclude your post, tough; this is USENET, and life is tough all over.\n\n#>(c) Since there\'s a great deal of responses this isn\'t always feasible;  I\n#>    do my best to honestly answer questions put to me.\n# \n#You drop out of debates with some posters and continue with others. You appear\n#with the same issue every n months, and start the dicussion at the beginning\n#again.\n\nI\'ve only debated this issue twice in a.a, and occasionally in t.a.  The\nfirst was in response to Simon Clippingdale\'s positive assertion that\ndisagreement about moral values inexorably acknowledges that morals\nare relative.  It doesn\'t.   Now, Simon has dropped out of the debate\nfor some time; I take that to mean that he is either busy, or bored\nwith the topic.  I certainly do not accuse him of dishonesty.  Do you? \n\n#>(d) I can\'t always understand what you say\n# \n#Neither can\'t I understand you all the time. Usually, one asks what the other\n#side means.\n\nUsually, one does.  Usually you\'re clear, but sometimes you aren\'t \nand I ask you what you mean; other times you seem to get extremely uptight \nand I feel that I\'m debating against line noise.  Sometimes I get tired, and \nsometimes I have other things I\'d rather do.  Again, this is USENET, and\nlife is tough all over.  You\'re going to have to deal with it.\n\n#>(e) You\'re starting to get personally insulting; I may not even put your name\n#>    in the hat in future.\n#\n#That\'s supposed to be a threat?\n\nNo, that\'s a simple statement, and an assertion that I am not answerable\nto those who offer me baseless insults.  For example, those who accuse me \nof lying about my personal beliefs, while also complaining that I don\'t answer\ntheir questions.  \n\n#>#Like that you what you sense is evidence for the sensed to be there.\n#>#If only everything would be so easy.\n#>\n#>What almost everyone senses is evidence for the sensed to be there.\n#>Because to all intents and purposes, it *is* there.\n#> #We had that argument. For one, your claim that everyone senses it\n#is not founded, and you have been asked to give evidence for it often.\n#And then, the correct statement would be it is reason to assume that it\n#is there unless evidence against it has been found.\n\nI have no problem with the second statement.  I have provided an\nargument that almost everyone senses that Freedom is valuable - the\nonly cogent objection to this came from jon livesey, and was offered\nby some other people too: essentially, that people disagree about\nfuzzy concepts such as Freedom.  It\'s a good point, and I\'m thinking\nabout it.\n# \n#Your trick is to say, I feel A is not right, and so do many I know,\n#therefore A is absolutely right. It neglects the possibility that\n#these people consider A to be right as an effect of the same process,\n#restricting the claim of its absoluteness to those who have been subject\n#of that process. In other words, refutes it. You make the ontological\n#claim, you have to prove it.\n\nNonsense.  My "trick" is to say:  I feel that A is better than B and so \ndoes almost any disinterested person I ask.  Best evidence is therefore \nthat A really is better than B, subject to the assumption that we\ncan establish to our mutual satisfaction what we mean by A and B, and\nthat the resulting system of values is self-consistent.\n\nNow get this:  "really is better" is an idealisation, a fictional model,\nin the same sense that "real material existence" is a fictional model. It\nmay or may not correspond to something true.  It is nonetheless a useful\n_assumption_.  Far more useful than the equally assumed relativist \n"trick", to wit:\n\nI feel that A is better than B, and so does almost any disinterested person\nI ask.  However, if even one person disagrees that A is better than B,\nor if even one person dissents from mutually agreed definitions of A and B,\nthen it is the case that B is better than A for that person, and nothing\nmore can be said.  \n\nI say this is useless because it inexorably implies that a supermajority\nseeking to maximise A cannot morally take action against someone seeking to\nmaximise B (e.g. a terrorist).  To do that would be to claim that \na supermajority\'s carefully considered morality would be better than the \nterrorist\'s - which would, of course, be true, but a no-no for an ethical\nrelativist.  To claim that ethical relativism implies anything else is\nsimply weasel words, and an example of compartmentalisation to rival\nanything in the world of religion.\n\n#>#For a similar argument, I sense morality is subjective, it does not\n#>#hurt me to do things that are considered to be objectively wrong by\n#>#others.\n#>\n#>If you mean that you do things that some others consider objectively\n#>wrong, and it turns out not to be the case for you - of course this\n#>is possible.  It is neither evidence for subjectivism, nor evidence\n#>against objectivism (except sometimes, in a pragmatic sense).\n#>\n#It serves as a counterexample for that everything that is subject to\n#judgements is absolute. And as long as you don\'t provide evidence for\n#that there is something universally agreed upon there is no reason to\n#believe your hypothesis.\n\nI\'ve done this: freedom, with the proviso that I still have to \nanswer jon\'s objection that fuzzy concepts like freedom have no\nobjective meaning.\n\n#Further, in order to make morality absolute, universal, or objective,\n#you would have to show that it is independent of humans, or the attributes\n#above look quite misleading.\n\nNot really.  What evidence is there that _anything_ exists independently\nof humans?  You\'ll be hard pressed to find any that isn\'t logically\nequivalent when applied to values.\n\n#>An analogous set of premises would be:\n#>\n#>Premise 1:  Some people believe that objectively speaking the shortest\n#>            route  from my house to a bar is through the main entrance\n#>            of the estate, and down the Malahide road.\n#>\n#>Premise 2:  I checked it out, and found that the shortest route from my\n#>            which is much closer.\n#>\n#>You would never deduce from these that there is no shortest route from my\n#>house to a bar; yet that is seemingly how you derive your relativist claim,\n#>using premises which are logically no different.\n#>\n# \n#No. Morals are a matter of belief so far. The people still believe that the\n#shortest way is through the main entrance. No agreement on *belief* here.\n#And in order to have an analogy you would have to show that there is a\n#shortest way and that there is a method to convince everyone of that it\n#is the shortest way indeed. In other words,  your analogy works only when\n#one assumes that your  premises are right in the first place. If not, it is\n#a fallacy.\n\nAnd if this were an argument for objectivism, you\'d be right.  It isn\'t,\nthough, it\'s a demonstration that the argument you gave me is neither argument\n*against* objectivism, nor argument *for* relativism.  Your gimmick is to\nassume in the first place that values aren\'t real, and to use this to "prove"\nthat values aren\'t real.  In other words, you beg the question against me.\n\n-- \nFrank O\'Dwyer                                  \'I\'m not hatching That\'\nodwyer@sse.ie                                  from "Hens",  by Evelyn Conlon\n',
  u"From: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nSubject: Re: The nonexistance of Atheists?!\nReply-To: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nLines: 38\n\n>In article <kutluk.734797558@ccl.umist.ac.uk> kutluk@ccl.umist.ac.uk (Kutluk Ozguven) writes:\n>>Atheists are not\n>>mentioned in the Quran because from a Quranic point of view, and a\n>>minute's reasoning, one can see that there is no such thing.\n\n\nI guess that's why scientists probably aren't mentioned either.  Or\nstock brokers.  Or television repairmen.  \n\nIt's precious to know just how deep the brainwashing from childhood\n( that it takes to progress a religion ) cleans away a very substantial\npart of the reasoning neurons.\n\nBut don't mind me;  I don't exist.\n\n-jim halat\n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n                                                                            \n\n",
  u"From: ccgwt@trentu.ca (Grant Totten)\nSubject: MS-Windows graphics viewer?\nKeywords: ms windows jpeg gif tiff \nLines: 31\nReply-To: ccgwt@trentu.ca (Grant Totten)\nOrganization: Trent University\n\n\nHowdy all,\n\n\tI was wondering if people could e-mail me their opinions on\nthe various graphics viewers available for MS-Windows 3.x...  I'm\nworking on a project to set up our scanner and write documentation on\nhow to use it and it would be nice to have a snazzy image viewer \nto look at (and maybe even edit?) the image you just scanned.\n\nThe file formats I'm looking for:\n\nGIF\nJPEG\nTIFF\nPCX\nwhatever other 'major' file formats there are.\n\nThanks a lot for your help\n\nGrant\n\n--\nGrant Totten, Programmer/Analyst, Trent University, Peterborough Ontario\nGTotten@TrentU.CA            Phone: (705) 748-1653   FAX: (705) 748-1246\n========================================================================\nIn the days of old,\nWhen Knights were bold,\n\tAnd women were too cautious;\nOh, those gallant days,\nWhen women were women,\n\tAnd men were really obnoxious ...\n",
  u'From: full_gl@pts.mot.com (Glen Fullmer)\nSubject: Needed: Plotting package that does...\nNntp-Posting-Host: dolphin\nReply-To: glen_fullmer@pts.mot.com\nOrganization: Paging and Wireless Data Group, Motorola, Inc.\nComments: Hyperbole mail buttons accepted, v3.07.\nLines: 27\n\nLooking for a graphics/CAD/or-whatever package on a X-Unix box that will\ntake a file with records like:\n\nn  a  b  p\n\nwhere n = a count  - integer \n      a = entity a - string\n      b = entity b - string\n      p = type     - string\n\nand produce a networked graph with nodes represented with boxes or circles\nand the vertices represented by lines and the width of the line determined by\nn.  There would be a different line type for each type of vertice. The boxes\nneed to be identified with the entity\'s name.  The number of entities < 1000\nand vertices < 100000.  It would be nice if the tool minimized line\ncross-overs and did a good job of layout.  ;-)\n\n  I have looked in the FAQ for comp.graphics and gnuplot without success. Any\nideas would be appreciated?\n\nThanks,\n--\nGlen Fullmer,          glen_fullmer@pts.mot.com,                  (407)364-3296\n*******************************************************************************\n*  "For a successful technology, reality must take precedence                 *\n*   over public relations, for Nature cannot be fooled." - Richard P. Feynman *\n*******************************************************************************\n',
  u'From: pinky@tamu.edu (The Man behind The Curtain)\nSubject: Views on isomorphic perspectives?\nOrganization: Texas A&M University\nLines: 87\nNNTP-Posting-Host: tamsun.tamu.edu\nKeywords: isomorphic perspectives\n\n                             \nI\'m working upon a game using an isometric perspective, similar to\nthat used in Populous.  Basically, you look into a room that looks\nsimilar to the following:\n\n                             xxxx\n                         xxxxx   xxxx\n                     xxxx    x       xxxx\n                 xxxx        x           xxxx\n             xxxx     2      xxxx     1      xxxx\n             x           xxxx    xxxx           x\n             x       xxxx            xxxx       x\n             x   xxxx             o      xxxx   x\n             xxxx              3 /|\\         xxxx\n                 xxxx            /~\\     xxxx\n                     xxxx            xxxx\n                         xxxx    xxxx\n                             xxxx\n\nThe good thing about this perspective is that you can look and move\naround in three dimensions and still maintain your peripheral vision. [*]\n\nSince your viewpoint is always the same, the routines can be hard-coded\nfor a particular vantage.  In my case, wall two\'s rising edge has a slope\nof 1/4. (I\'m also using Mode X, 320x240).\n\nI\'ve run into two problems; I\'m sure that other readers have tried this\nbefore, and have perhaps formulated their own opinions:\n\n1) The routines for drawing walls 1 & 2 were trivial, but when I ran a\npacked->planar image through them, I was dismayed by the "jaggies."  I\'m\nnow considered some anti-aliasing routines (speed is not really necessary).\nIs it worth the effort to have the artist draw the wall already skewed,\nthus being assured of nice image, or is this too much of a burden?\n\n2) Wall 3 presents a problem; the algorithm I used tends to overly distort\nthe original.  I tried to decide on paper what pixels go where, and failed.\nHas anyone come up with method for mapping a planar to crosswise sheared\nshape?\n\nCurrently I take:\n\n  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16\n 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32\n 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48\n 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64\n\nand produce:\n            \n             1  2  3  4\n33 34 35 36 17 18 19 20  5  6  7  8\n49 50 51 52 37 38 39 40 21 22 23 24  9 10 11 12\n            53 54 55 56 41 42 43 44 25 26 27 28 13 14 15 16\n                        57 58 59 60 45 46 47 48 29 30 31 32\n                                    61 62 63 64\n\nLine 1 follows the slope.  Line 2 is directly under line 1.\nLine 3 moves up a line and left 4 pixels.  Line 4 is under line 3.\nThis fills the shape exactly without any unfilled pixels.  But\nit causes distortions.  Has anyone come up with a better way?\nPerhaps it is necessary to simply draw the original bitmap\nalready skewed?\n\nAre there any other particularly sticky problems with this perspective?\nI was planning on having hidden plane removal by using z-buffering.\nLocations are stored in (x,y,z) form.\n\n[*] For those of you who noticed, the top lines of wall 2 (and wall 1)\n*are* parallel with its bottom lines.  This is why there appears to\nbe an optical illusion (ie. it appears to be either the inside or outside\nof a cube, depending on your mood).  There are no vanishing points.\nThis simplifies the drawing code for objects (which don\'t have to\nchange size as they move about in the room).  I\'ve decided that this\napproximation is alright, since small displacements at a large enough\ndistance cause very little change in the apparent size of an object in\na real perspective drawing.\n\nHopefully the "context" of the picture (ie. chairs on the floor, torches\nhanging on the walls) will dispell any visual ambiguity.\n\nThanks in advance for any help.\n\n-- \nTill next time,                \\o/   \\o/\n                                V \\o/ V     email:pinky@tamu.edu\n<>  Sam  Inala  <>                 V\n\n',
  u'From: nfotis@ntua.gr (Nick C. Fotis)\nSubject: (27 Apr 93) Computer Graphics Resource Listing : WEEKLY [part 3/3]\nLines: 1529\nReply-To: nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr (Nick (Nikolaos) Fotis)\nOrganization: National Technical Univ. of Athens\n\nArchive-name: graphics/resources-list/part3\nLast-modified: 1993/04/27\n\n\nComputer Graphics Resource Listing : WEEKLY POSTING [ PART 3/3 ]\n===================================================\nLast Change : 27 April 1993\n\n\n11. Scene generators/geographical data/Maps/Data files\n======================================================\n\nDEMs (Digital Elevation Models)\n-------------------------------\n  DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) as well as other cartographic data\n  [huge] is available from spectrum.xerox.com [192.70.225.78], /pub/map.\n\n  Contact:\n  Lee Moore -- Webster Research Center, Xerox Corp. --\n  Voice: +1 (716) 422 2496\n  Arpa, Internet:  Moore.Wbst128@Xerox.Com\n[ Check also on ncgia.ucsb.edu (128.111.254.105), /pub/dems -- nfotis ]\n\n  Many of these files are also available on CD-ROM selled by USGS:\n  "1:2,000,000 scale  Digital Line Graph (DLG) Data". Contains datas\n  for all 50 states. Price is about $28, call to or visit in offices\n  in Menlo Park, in Reston, Virginia (800-USA-MAPS).\n\n  The Data User Services Division of the Bureau of the Census also has\n  data on CD-ROM (TSO standard format) that is derived from USGS\n  1:100,000 map data. Call (301) 763-4100 for more info or they have\n  a BBS at (301) 763-1568.\n\n[ From Dr.Dobbs #198 March 1993: ]\n\n      "The U.S. Defense Mapping Agency, in cooperation with their counterpart\nagencies in CANADA, the U.K., and Australia, have released the Digital Chart\nof the World (DCW). This chart consists of over 1.5 gigabytes of reasonable\nquality vector data distributed on four CD-ROMS. .... includes coastlines,\nrivers, roads, railrays, airports,cities, towns, spot elevations, and depths,\nand over 100,000 place names."\n\nIt is ISO9660 compatible and only $200.00 available from:\n\nU.S. Geological Survey\nP.O. Box 25286\nDenver Federal Center\nDenver, CO 80225\n\nDigital Distribution Services\nEnergy, Mines, and Resources Canada\n615 Booth Street\nOttawa, ON\nK1A 0E9 Canada\n\nDirector General of Military Survey\n(Survey 3)\nElmwood Avenue\nFeltham, Middlesex\nTW13 7AH United Kingdom\n\nDirector of Survey, Australian Army\nDepartment of Defense\nCampbell Park Offices (CP2-4-24)\nCampbell ACT 2601 Australia\n\n\nFractal Landscape Generators\n----------------------------\n\nPublic Domain:\n\n  Many people have written fractal landscape generators. for example\n  for the Mac some of these generators were written by\n  pdbourke@ccu1.aukuni.ac.nz (Paul D. Bourke).\n  Many of the programs are available from the FTP sites and mail\n  archive servers. Check with Archie.\n\nCommercial:\n\n  Vista Pro 3.0 for the Amiga from Virtual Reality Labs -- list price\n  is about $100. Their address is:\n\tVRL\n\t2341 Ganador court\n\tSan Luis Obispo,\n\tCA 93401\n\tTelephone or FAX (805) 545-8515\n\n  Scenery Animator (also for the Amiga) is of the same caliber with Vista Pro 2.\n  Check with:\n\tNatural Graphics\n\tP.O. Box 1963\n\tRaklin, CA 95677\n\tPhone (916) 624-1436\n\n  Don\'t forget to ask about companion programs and data disks/tapes.\n\n  Vista Pro 3 has been ported to the PCs.\n\n\nCIA World Map II\n----------------\n[  NOTE: this database is quite out of date, and not topologically structured.\n  If you need a standard for world cartographic data, wait for the\n  Digital Chart of the World. This 1:1M database has been produced from\n  the Defense Mapping Agency\'s ONCs and will be available, together with\n  searching and viewing software, on a number of CD-ROMs later this summer. ]\n\n  Check into HANAUMA.STANFORD.EDU and UCSD.EDU (see ftp list above)\n  The CIA database consists of coastlines, rivers and political boundaries\n  in the form of line strokes. Also on hanauma.stanford.edu is a 720x360\n  array of elevation data, containing one ieee floating point number for\n  every half degree longitude and latitude.\n \n  A program for decoding the database, mfil, can be found on the machine\n  pi1.arc.umn.edu (137.66.130.11).\n  There\'s another program, which reads a compressed CIA Data Bank file and\n  builds a PHIGS hierachical structure. It uses a PHIGS extension known as\n  polyline sets for performance, but you can use regular polylines. Ask\n  Joe Stewart <joes@lpi.liant.com>.\n  The raw data at Stanford require the vplot package to be able to view it.\n  (was posted in comp.sources.unix). To be more exact, you\'ll have to\n  compile just the libvplot routines, not the whole package.\n\nNCAR data\n---------\n  NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) has many types of\n  terrain  data, ranging from elevation datasets at\n  various resolutions, to information about soil types, vegetation, etc.\n  This data is not free -- they charge from $40 to $90 or more, depending\n  on the data volume and media (exabyte tape, 3480 cartridge, 9-track tape,\n  IBM PC floppy, and FTP transfer are all available).  Their data archive\n  is mostly research oriented, not hobbyist oriented.  For more information,\n  email to ilana@ncar.ucar.edu.\n\nUNC data tapes with voxel data\n--------------\n  There are 2 "public domain" tapes with data for the comparison and\n  testing of various volume rendering algorithms (mainly MRI and CT\n  scans). These tapes are distributed by the SoftLab of UNC @ Chapel Hill.\n  (softlab@cs.unc.edu)\n\n  The data sets (volume I and II) are also available via anonymous FTP from\n  omicron.cs.unc.edu [128.109.136.159] in pub/softlab/CHVRTD\n\nNASA\n----\n  Many US agencies such as NASA publish CD-ROMs with many altimetry data\n  from various space missions, eg. Viking for Mars, Magellan for Venus,\n  etc. Especially for NASA, I would suggest to call the following\n  address for more info:\n\n     National Space Science Date Center\n     Goddard Space Flight Center\n     Greenbelt, Maryland 20771\n     Telephone: (301) 286-6695\n     Email address:  request@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov\n\n  The data catalog (*not* the data itself) is available online.\n  Internet users can telnet to nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov (128.183.10.4) and log\n  in as \'NODIS\' (no password).\n\n  You can also dial in at (301)-286-9000 (300, 1200, or 2400 baud, 8 bits,\n  no parity, one stop). At the "Enter Number:" prompt, enter MD and\n  carriage return. When the system responds "Call Complete," enter a few\n  more carriage returns to get the "Username:" and log in as \'NODIS\' (no\n  password).\n\n  NSSDCA is also an anonymous FTP site, but no comprehensive list of\n  what\'s there is available at present.\n\nEarth Sciences Data\n-------------------\n\n  There\'s a listing of anonymous FTP sites for earth science data, including\n  imagery. This listing is called "Earth Sciences Resources on Internet",\n  and you can get it via anonymous FTP from csn.org [128.138.213.21]\n  in the directory COGS under the name "internet.resources.earth.sci"\n\n  Some sites include:\n  aurelie.soest.hawaii.edu [128.171.151.121]: pub/avhrr/images - AVHRR images\n  ames.arc.nasa.gov [128.102.18.3]: pub/SPACE/CDROM  - images from\n        Magellan and Viking missions etc.\n        pub/SPACE/Index contains a listing of files available in the whole\n        archive (the index is about 200K by itself). There\'s also an\n        e-mail server for the people without Internet access: send a letter\n        to archive-server@ames.arc.nasa.gov (or ames!archive-server). In the\n        subject of your letter (or in the body), use commands like:\n\n        send SPACE Index\n        send SPACE SHUTTLE/ss01.23.91\n\n        (Capitalization is important! Only text files are handled by the\n        email server at present)\n\n  vab02.larc.nasa.gov [128.155.23.47]: pub/gifs/misc/landsat -\n\tLandsat photos in GIF and JPEG format\n[ It was shut down - nfotis; anyone has a copy of this archive?? ]\n\nOthers\n------\n  Daily values of river discharge, streamflow, and daily weather data is\n  available from EarthInfo, 5541 Central Ave., Boulder CO  80301.  These\n  disks are expensive, around $500, but there are quantity discounts.\n  (303) 938-1788.\n\n  Check vmd.cso.uiuc.edu [128.174.5.98], the wx directory carries\n  data regarding surface analysis, weather radar, and sat view pics in\n  GIF format (updated hourly)\n\n  pioneer.unm.edu [129.24.9.217] is the Space and Planetary Image Facility\n  (located on the University of New Mexico campus) FTP server. It provides\n  Anonymous FTP access to >150 CD-ROMS  with data/images.\n\n  A disk with earthquake data, topography, gravity, geopolitical info\n  is available from NGDC (National Geophysical Data Center), 325 Broadway,\n  Boulder, CO  80303.  (303) 497-6958.\n\n  EOSAT (at least in the US) now sells Landsat MSS data older than two years\n  old for $200 per scene, and they have been talking about a similar deal\n  for Landsat TM data. The MSS data are 4 bands, 80 meter resolution.\n\n  Check out anonymous FTP to ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in\n  UNIX/PolyView/alpha-shape for a tool that creates convex hulls\n  alpha-shapes (a generalization of the convex hull) from 3D point sets.\n\n  The GRIPS II (Gov. Raster Image Processing Software) CD-ROM\n  is available from CD-ROM Inc. at 1-800-821-5245 for $49.\n  Code for viewing ADRG (Arc Digitised Raster Graphics) files is\n  available on the GRIPS II CD-ROM. The U.S. Army Engineer \n  Topographic Labs (Juan Perez) code is also available via FTP\n  ( adrg.zip archive in  spectrum.xerox.com )\n\nNRCC range data\n---------------\n  Rioux M., Cournoyer L. "The NRCC Three-Dimensional Image Data Files",\n  Tech. Report, CNRC 29077, National Research Council Canada,\n  Ottawa, Canada, 1988\n  [ From what I understand, these data are from a laser range finder,\n   and you can a copy for research purposes ]\n\n==========================================================================\n\n12. 3D scanners - Digitized 3D Data\n===================================\n\na. Cyberware Labs, Monterey, CA, manufactures a 3D color laser digitizer\n  which can be used to model parts of, or a complete, human body.\n  They run a service bureau also, so they can digitize models for you.\n\n  Address:\n    Cyberware Labs, Inc\n    8 Harris Ct, Suite 3D\n    Monterey, CA 93940\n  Phone: (408)373-1441, Fax: (408)373-3582\n\nb. Polhemus makes a 6D input device (actually a couple of models)\n  that senses position (3D) and *orientation* (+3D) based on electromagnetic\n  field interference.  This equipment is also incorporated in the\n  VPL Dataglove.\n  This hardware is also called ISOTRACK, from Keiser Aerospace.\n\nAscension Technology makes a similar 3D input device.\nThere is a company, Applied Sciences(?), that makes a 3D input\ndevice (position only) based on speed of sound triangulation.\n\nc. A company that specializes in digitizing is Viewpoint. You can ask\n   for Viewpoint\'s _free_ 100 page catalog full of ready to \n   ship datasets from categories such as cars, anatomy, aircraft,sports,\n   boats, trains, animals and others. Though these objects are\n   quite expensive, the cataloge is nevertheless of interest for it\n   has pictures of all the available objects in wireframe , polygon mesh.\n\n  Contact:\n\n  Viewpoint,\n  870 West Center,\n  Orem, Utah 84057\n  ph# 801-224-2222\n  fax# 801-224-2272\n  1-800-DATASET\n\n------\n\n  Some addresses for companies that make digitizers:\n\n  Ascension Technology\n  Bird, Flock of Birds, Big Bird: 6d trackers\n  P.O. Box 527,\n  Burlington, VT 05402\n  Phone: (802) 655-7879, Fax: (802) 655-5904\n\n  Polhemus Incorporated\n  Digitizer: 6d trackers\n  P.O. Box 560, Hercules Dr.\n  Colchester, Vt. 05446\n  Tel: (802) 655-3159\n\n  Logitech Inc.\n  Red Baron, ultrasonic 6D mouse\n  6506 Kaiser Dr.\n  Freemont, CA 94555\n  Tel: (415) 795-8500w\n\n  Shooting Star Technology\n  Mechanical Headtracker\n  1921 Holdom Ave.\n  Burnaby, B.C. Canada V5B 3W4\n  Tel: (604) 298-8574\n  Fax: (604) 298-8580\n\n  Spaceball Technologies, Inc.\n  Spaceball: 6d stationary input device\n  600 Suffolk Street\n  Lowell, MA, 01854\n  Tel: (508) 970-0330 \n  Fax: (508) 970-0199\n  Tel in Mountain View: (415) 966-8123 \n\n  Transfinite Systems \n  Gold Brick: PowerGlove for Macintosh\n  P.O. Box N\n  MIT Branch Post Office\n  Cambridge, MA 02139-0903\n  Tel: (617) 969-9570\n  email: D2002@AppleLink.Apple.com\n\n  VPL Research, Inc.\n  EyePhone: head-mounted display\n  DataGlove: glove/hand input device\n  VPL Research Inc.\n  950 Tower Lane\n  14th Floor\n  Foster City, CA 94404\n  Tel: (415) 312-0200\n  Fax: (415) 312-9356\n\n  SimGraphics Engineering\n  Flying Mouse: 6d input device\n  1137 Huntington Rd. Suite A-1\n  South Pasadena, CA 91030-4563\n  (213) 255-0900\n\n========================================================================\n\n13. Background imagery/textures/datafiles\n=========================================\n\n First, check in the FTP places that are mentioned in the FAQ or in the FTP\nlist above.\n\n24-bit scanning:\n----------------\n  Get a good 24-bit scanner, like Epson\'s. Suggested is an SCSI port for\n  speed. Eric Haines had a suggestion in RT News, Volume 4, #3 :\n  scan textures for wallpapers and floor coverings, etc. from doll\n  house supplies.\n  So you have a rather cheap way to scan patterns that don\'t have\n  scaling troubles associated with real materials and scanning area.\n\nBooks with textures:\n--------------------\n  Find some houses/books/magazines that carry photographic material.\n  Educorp, 1-619-536-9999, sells CD-ROMS with various imagery - also\n  a wide variety of stock art is available.\n  Stock art from big-name stock art houses, such as Comstock,\n  UNIPHOTO, and Metro Image Base, is available.\n\n  In Italy, there\'s a company called Belvedere that makes such books\n  for the purpose of clipping their pages for inclusion in your\n  graphics work. Their address is:\n\tEdition Belvedere Co. Ltd.,\n\t00196 Rome Italy,\n\tPiazzale Flaminio, 19\n\tTel. (06) 360-44-88, Fax (06)  360-29-60\n\nTexture Libraries:\n------------------\na. Mannikin Sceptre Graphics announced TexTiles, a set of 256x256 24-bit\n   textures. Initial shipments in 24-bit IFF (for Amigas), soon in 24-bit\n   TIFF format. Algorithmically built for tiled surfaces. SRP is $40 / volume\n   (each volume = 40 images @ 10 disks). Demo disks for $5 are available.\n\n   Contact:\n   Mannikin Sceptre Graphics\n   1600 Indiana Ave.\n   Winter Park, FL 32789\n   Phone: (407) 384-9484\n   FAX: (407) 647-7242\n\nb. ESSENCE is a library of 65 (sixty-five) new algoritmic textures for Imagine\n   by Impulse, Inc. These textures are FULLY compatible with the floating point\n   versions of Imagine 2.0, Imagine 1.1, and even Turbo Silver.\n   Written by Steve Worley.\n\n   For more info contact:\n   Essence Info\n   Apex Software Publishing\n   405 El Camino Real Suite 121\n   Menlo Park CA 94025 USA\n\n[ What about Texture City ?? ]\n\n==========================================================================\n\n14. Introduction to rendering algorithms\n========================================\n\na. Ray-Tracing:\n---------------\n\n  I assume you have a general understanding of Computer Graphics. No? Then read\n  some of the books that the FAQ contains. For Ray-Tracing, I would\n  suggest:\n   An Introduction to Ray Tracing, Andrew Glassner (ed.), Academic Press\n     1989, ISBN 0-12-286160-4\n  Note that I have not read the book, but I feel that you can\'t be wrong\n  using his book. An errata list was posted in comp.graphics by Eric Haines\n  (erich@eye.com)\n\nThere\'s a more concise reference also:\n\n  Roman Kuchkuda , UNC @ Chapel Hill: "An Introduction to Ray Tracing", in\n  "Theoretical Foundations for Computer Graphics and CAD", ed. R.A.E.Earnshaw,\n  NATO AS, Vol. F-40., pp. 1039-1060. Printed by Springer-Verlag, 1988.\n\nIt contains code for a small, but fundamentally complete ray-tracer.\n\nb. Z-buffer (depth-buffer)\n--------------------------\n\nA good reference is:\n\n        _Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics_, David F. Rogers,\n        McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985, pages 265-272 and 280-284.\n\nc. Others:\n----------\n???\n[ More info is needed -- nfotis ]\n\n========================================================================\n\n15. Where can I find the geometric data for the:\n================================================\n\na. Teapot ?\n-----------\n\n"Displays on Display" column of IEEE CG&A Jan \'87 has the whole\nstory about origin of the Martin Newell\'s teapot. The article also has\nthe bezier patch model and a Pascal program to display the wireframe\nmodel of the teapot.\n\nIEEE CG&A Sep \'87 in Jim Blinn\'s column "Jim Blinn\'s Corner" describes\nan another way to model the teapot; Bezier curves with rotations for\nexample are used.\n\nThe OFF and SPD packages have these objects, so you\'re advised to get\nthem to avoid typing the data yourself.  The OFF data is triangles at\na specific resolution (around 8x8[x4 triangles] meshing per patch).\nThe SPD package provides the spline patch descriptions and performs a\ntessellation at any specified resolution.\n\nb. Space Shuttle ?\n------------------\n\nTolis Lerios <tolis@nova.stanford.edu> has built a list of Space Shuttle\ndatafiles. Here\'s a summary (From his sci.space list):\n\nmodel1:\nA modified version of the newsgroup model (model2)\n\n406 vertices (296 useful, i.e. referred to in the polygon descriptions.)\n389 polygons (233 3-vertex, 146 4-vertex, 7 5-vertex, 3 6-vertex).\nPayload doors non-existent.\nUnits: unknown.\n\nSimon Marshall (S.Marshall@sequent.cc.hull.ac.uk) has a copy. He\nsaid there is no proprietary information associated with it.\n\nmodel2:\nThe newsgroup model, in OFF format. You can find it in\n\ngondwana.ecr.mu.oz.au , file pub/off/objects/shuttle.geo\nhanauma.stanford.edu ,  /pub/graphics/Comp.graphics/objects/shuttle.data\n\nmodel3:\nThe triangles\' model.\n\nThis model is stored in several files, each defining portions of the model.\n\nGreg Henderson (henders@infonode.ingr.com) has a copy.  He did\nnot mention any restriction on the model\'s distribution.\n\nmodel4:\nThe NASA model.\n\nThe file starts off with a header line containing three real numbers,\ndefining the offsets used by Lockheed in their simulations:\n\n<x offset> <y offset> <z offset>\n\nFrom then on, the file consists of a sequence of polygon descriptions\n\n3473 vertices.\n2748 polygons (407 3-vertex, 2268 4-vertex, 33 5-vertex, 14 6-vertex,\n 10 7-vertex, 8 8-vertex, 8 12-vertex, 2 13-vertex, 2 15-vertex,\n 17 16-vertex, 2 17-vertex, 2 18-vertex, 3 19-vertex, 8 24-vertex).\nPayload doors closed.\nUnits: inches.\n\nJon Berndt (jon@l14h11.jsc.nasa.gov) seems to be responsible for the model\nProprietary info: unknown\n\nmodel5:\nThe old shuttle model.\n\nThe file consists of a sequence of polygon descriptions.\n\n104 vertices.\n452 polygons (11 3-vertex, 41 4-vertex).\nPayload doors open.\nUnits: meters.\n\nWe have been using this model at STAR Labs, Stanford University, for\nsome years now. Contact me (tolis@nova.stanford.edu) or my supervisor\nScott Williams (scott@star5.stanford.edu) if you want a copy.\n\n========================================================================\n\n16. Image annotation software\n=============================\n\na. Touchup runs in Sunview and is pretty good.  It reads in\n  rasterfiles, but even if your image isn\'t normally stored\n  in rasterfile format you could use screendump to make it a\n  rasterfile.\n\nb. Idraw (part of Stanford\'s InterViews distribution) can handle some\n  image formats in addition to being a MacDraw like tool.  I\'m not\n  sure exactly what they are.\n  You can ftp the idraw\'s binary from interviews.stanford.edu.\n\nc. Tgif is another MacDraw like tool that can handle X11 bitmap (xbm)\n  and X11 pixmap (xpm) formats.  If the image you have is in formats\n  other than xbm or xpm, you can get the pbmplus toolkit to convert\n  things like gif or even some Macintosh formats to xpm.\n  Tgif\'s sources are available in the pub directory on cs.ucla.edu\n  (Version 2.12 of tgif at patchlevel 7 plus patch8 and patch9)\n\nd. Use the editimage facility of KHOROS (see below).\n  This is just one utility in the overall system- you can essentially do all\n  your image processing and macdraw-type graphics using this package.\n\ne. You might be able to get by with PBMPlus.  pbmtext gives you text output\n  bitmaps which can be overlaid on top of your image.\n\nf. \'ice\' requires Sun hardware running OpenWindows 3.It\'s a PostScript-based\n  graphical editor,and it\'s available for anonymous ftp from Internet host\n  eo.soest.hawaii.edu (128.171.151.12). Requires Sun C++ 2.0 and\n  two other locally developed packages, the LXT library (an Xlib-based\n  toolkit) and a small C++ class library. All files (pub/ice.tar.Z,\n  pub/lxt.tar.Z and pub/ldgoc++.tar.Z) are available in compressed\n  tar format. pub/ice.tar.Z contains a README that gives installation\n  instructions, as well as an extensive man page (ice.1).\n  A statically-linked compressed executable pub/ice-sun4.Z for\n  SPARC systems is also available for ftp.\n\n  All software is the property of Columbia University and may not\n  be redistributed without permission.\n\n  ice means Image Composition Environment and it\'s an imaging tool that\n  allows raster images to be combined with a wide variety of\n  PostScript annotations in WYSIWYG fashion via X11 imaging\n  routines and NeWS PostScript rasterizing.\n\ng. Use ImageMagick to annotate an image from your X server.  Pick the \n  position of your text with the cursor and choose your font and pen \n  color from a pull-down menu.  ImageMagick can read and write many\n  of the more popular image formats.  ImageMagick is available as\n  export.lcs.mit.edu: contrib/ImageMagick.tar.Z or at your nearest\n  X11 archive.\n\n========================================================================\n\n17. Scientific visualization stuff\n==================================\n\nX Data Slice (xds)\n-------------------\n  Bundled with the X11 distribution from MIT,\n  in the contrib directory. Available at ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu [141.142.20.50]\n  (either as a source or binaries for various platforms).\n\nNational Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) Tool Suite\n-----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nPlatforms: Unix Workstations (DEC, IBM, SGI, Sun)\n           Apple MacIntosh\n           Cray supercomputers\n\nAvailability: Now available.  Source code in the public domain.\n              FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu.\n\nContact: National Center for Supercomputing Applications\n         Computing Applications Building\n         605 E. Springfield Ave.\n         Champaign, IL 61820\n\nCost: Free (zero dollars).\n\nThe suite includes tools for 2D image and 3D scene analysis and visualization.\nThe code is actively maintained and updated.\n\nSpyglass\n--------\n  They sell commercial versions of the NCSA tools. Examples are:\n\n\tSpyglass Dicer (3D volumetric data analysis package)\n\t\tPlatform: Mac\n\n\tSpyglass Transform (2D data analysis package)\n\t\tPlatforms: Mac, SGI, Sun, DEC, HP, IBM\n\n  Contact:\n  Spyglass, Inc.\n  P.O. Box 6388\n  Champaign, IL  61826\n  (217) 355-6000\n\nKHOROS 1.0 Patch 5\n------------------\n  Available via anonymous ftp at pprg.eece.unm.edu (129.24.24.10).\n  cd to /pub/khoros to see what is available. It is HUGE (> 100 MB), but good.\n  Needs Unix and X11R4. Freely copied (NOT PD), complete with sources\n  and docs. Very extensive and at its heart is visual programming.\n  Khoros components include a visual programming language, code\n  generators for extending the visual language and adding new application\n  packages to the system, an interactive user interface editor, an\n  interactive image display package, an extensive library of image and\n  signal processing routines, and 2D/3D plotting packages.\n\n  See comp.soft-sys.khoros on Usenet and the relative FAQ for more info....\n\n  Contact:\n\n  The Khoros Group\n  Room 110 EECE Dept.\n  University of New Mexico\n  Albuquerque, NM 87131\n\n  Email: khoros-request@chama.eece.unm.edu\n\n\nMacPhase\n--------\n  Analysis & Visualization Application for the Macintosh.\n  Operates on 1D and 2D data arrays. Import/Export several different file\n  formats.  Several different plotting options such as gray scale,\n  color raster, 3D Wire frame, 3D surface, contour, vector, line, and\n  combinations.  FFTs, filtering, and other math functions, color look up\n  editor, array calculator, etc. Shareware, available via anonymous ftp from\n  sumex-aim.stanford.edu in the info-mac/app directory.\n  For other information contact Doug Norton (e-mail: 74017.461@@compuserve.com)\n\n\nIRIS Explorer\n-------------\n  It\'s an application creation system developed by Silicon\n  Graphics that provides visualisation and analysis functionality for\n  computational scientists, engineers and other scientists. The Explorer\n  GUI allows users to build custom applications without having to write\n  any, or a minimal amount of, traditonal code. Also, existing code can\n  be easily integrated into the Explorer environment. Explorer currently\n  is available now on SGI and Cray machines, but will become available on\n  other platforms in time. [ Bundled with every new SGI machine, as far as\n  I know]\n\n  See comp.graphics.explorer or comp.sys.sgi for discussion of the package.\n\n  There are also two FTP servers for related stuff, modules etc.:\n\n  ftp.epcc.ed.ac.uk [129.215.56.29]\n  swedishchef.lerc.nasa.gov [139.88.54.33] - mirror of the UK site\n\napE\n---\n  Back in the \'old good days\', you could get apE for nearly free.\n  Now has gone commercial and the following vendor supplies it:\n\n  TaraVisual Corporation\n  929 Harrison Avenue\n  Columbus, Ohio 43215\n  Tel: 1-800-458-8731 and (614) 291-2912\n  Fax: (614) 291-2867\n\n        Cost:\n  $895 (plus tax); runtime version with a site-license for a single user\n  (at a time), no limit on the number of machines in a cluster.\n  $895 includes support/maintenance and upgrades.\n  Source code more.  Additional user licenses $360.\n\n  The name of the package has become apE III (TM).\n  Khoros is very similar to apE on philosophy, as are AVS and Explorer.\n\nAVS\n---\nSee also:\n        comp.graphics.avs\n\nPlatforms: CONVEX, CRAY, DEC, Evans & Sutherland, HP, IBM, Kubota,\nSet Technologies, SGI, Stardent, SUN, Wavetracer\nAvailability: AVS4 available on all the above:\n  For all UNIX workstations.\n\nContact:\n  Advanced Visual Systems Inc.\n  300 Fifth Ave.\n  Waltham, MA    02154\n\n  (617)-890-4300   Telephone\n  (617)-890-8287   Fax\n  avs@avs.com      Email\n\n  Advanced Visual Systems Inc. for: CRAY, HP, IBM, SGI, Stardent, SUN\n  CONVEX for CONVEX\n  Advanced Visual Systems Inc. or CRAY for CRAY\n  DEC for DEC\n  Evans & Sutherland for Evans & Sutherland\n  Advanced Visual Systems Inc. or IBM for IBM\n  Kubota Pacific Inc. for Kubota\n  Set Technologies for Set Technologies\n  Wavetracer for Wavetracer\n\n  FTP Site: for modules, data sets, other info:\n\tavs.ncsc.org (128.109.178.23)\n\nWIT\n---\n  In a nutshell it\'s a package of the same genre as AVS,Explorer,etc.\n  It seems more a image processing system than a generic SciVi system (IMHO)\n  Major elements are:\n\n  - a visual programming language, which automatically exploits the inherent\n        parallelism\n  - a code generator which converts the graph to a standalone program\n\n  Iconified libraries present a rich set of point, filter, io, transform,\n  morphological, segmentation, and measurement operations.\n  A flow library allows graphs to employ broadcast, merge,\n  synchronization, conditional, and sequencing control strategies.\n\n  WIT delivers an object-oriented, distributed, visual programming\n  environment which allows users to rapidly design solutions to their\n  imaging problems. Users can consolidate both software and hardware\n  developments within a complete CAD-like workspace by adding their\n  own operators (C functions), objects (data structures), and servers\n  (specialized hardware). WIT runs on Sun, HP9000/7xx, SGI and supports\n  Datacube MV-20/200 hardware allowing you to run your graphs in real-time.\n\n  For a free WIT demo disk, call, FAX, or e-mail (poon@ee.ubc.ca)\n  us stating your complete name, address, voice, FAX, e-mail info.\n  and desired platform.\n\n  Pricing: WIT for Sparc, one yr. free upgrades, 30 days\n  technical support....................$5000 US\n\n  Academic institutions: discounts available\n\n\n  Contact:\n  Logical Vision Ltd.\n  Suite 108-3700 Gilmore Way\n  Burnaby, B.C., CANADA\n  V5G 4M1\n  Tel: 604-435-2587\n  Fax: 604-435-8840\n\n  Terry Arden <poon@ee.ubc.ca>\n\nVIS-5D\n------\n  A system for visually exploring the output of 5-D gridded data sets\n  such as those made by weather models. Platforms:\n\n    SGI IRIS with VGX, GTX, TG, or G graphics,\n    SGI Crimson or Indigo (R4000, Elan graphics suggested), IRIX 4.0.x\n    IBM RS/6000 with GL graphics, AIX version 3 or later;\n    Stardent GS-1000 and GS-2000 (with TrueColor display)\n\n  In any case, 32 (or more) MB of RAM are suggested.\n\n  You can get it freely (thanks to NASA support) via anonymous ftp:\n\n ftp iris.ssec.wisc.edu  (or ftp 144.92.108.63), then\n\n  ftp> cd pub/vis5d\n  ftp> ascii\n  ftp> get README\n  ftp> bye\n\n NOTE: You can find the package also on wuarchive.wustl.edu in the\n graphics/graphics/packages directory.\n\n  Read section 2 of the README file for full instructions\n  on how to get and install VIS-5D.\n\n  Contact:\n  Bill Hibbard (whibbard@vms.macc.wisc.edu)\n  Brian Paul (bpaul@vms.macc.wisc.edu)\n\nDATAexplorer (IBM)\n------------------\n  Platforms : IBM Risc System 6000, IBM POWER Visualization Server\n        (SIMD mesh 32 i860s, 40 MHz)\n\n  Working on (announced) : SGI, HP, Sun\n\n  Contact:\n  Your local IBM Rep.  For a trial package ask your rep to contact :\n\n  David Kilgore\n  Data Explorer Product Marketing\n  YKTVMH(KILCORE), (708) 981-4510\n\nWavefront\n---------\n  Data Visualizer, Personal Visualizer, Advanced Visualizer.\n  Platforms: SGI, SUN, IBM RS6000, HP, DEC\n\n  Availability:\n    Available on all the above platforms from Wavefront\n    Technologies.  Educational programs and site licenses are\n    available.\n\n  Contacts:\n    Mike Wilson (mike@wti.com)\n\n    Wavefront Technologies, Inc.\n    530 East Montecito Street\n    Santa Barbara, CA 93103\n    805-962-8117\n    FAX: 805-963-0410\n\n    Wavefront Europe\n    Guldenspoorstraat 21-23\n    B-9000 Gent, Belgium\n    32-91-25-45-55\n    FAX: 32-91-23-44-56\n\n    Wavefront Technologies Japan\n    17F Shinjuku-sumitomo Bldg\n    2-6-1  Nishi-shinjuku, Shunjuku-Ku\n    Tokyo 168 Japan\n    81-3-3342-7330\n   FAX 81-3-3342-7353\n\n\nPLOT3D and FAST from NASA Ames\n------------------------------\n  These packages are distributed from COSMIC at least\n  (for FAST ask Pat Elson <pelson@nas.nasa.gov> for\n  distribution information). In general, these codes are for US\n  citizens only :-(\n\nXGRAPH\n------\n  On the contrib tape of X11R5. Its specialty is display of up\n  to 64 data sets (2D).\n\nNCAR\n----\n  National Center for Atmospheric Research. One of the original graphics\n  packages. Runs on Sun, RS6000, SGI, VAX, Cray Y-MP, DecStations, and more.\n\n  Contact:\n\tGraphics Information\n\tNCAR Scientific Computing Division\n\tP.O. Box 3000\n\tBoulder, CO   80307-3000\n\t(303)-497-1201\n\tscdinfo@ncar.ucar.edu\n\n  Cost:\n\t.edu\n\t$750 Unlimited users\n\n\t.gov\n\t$750 1 user\n\t$1500 5 users\n\t$3000 25 users\n\n\t.com users multiply .gov * 2.0\n\nIDL\n---\n  An environment for scientific computing and visualization.\n  Based on an array oriented language, IDL includes 2D and 3D\n  graphics, matrix manupulation, signal and image processing,\n  basic statistics, gridding, mapping, and a widget based system\n  for building GUI for IDL applications (Open Look, Motif, or\n  MS-Windows).\n\n  Environments:  DEC (VMS and Ultrix), HP, IBM RS6000, SGI, Sun,\n          Microsoft Windows.  (Mac version in progress)\n  Cost:  $1500 to $3750, Educational and quantity discounts\n          available.\n  See also:   comp.lang.idl-pvwave (the IDL-PVWAVE bundle)\n  Contact:    Research Systems Inc.\n              777 29th Street, Suite 302\n              Boulder, CO  80303\n              Phone:  303-786-9900\n              FAX:    303-786-9909\n              E-mail: info@rsinc.com\n  Demo available via FTP.  Call or E-mail for details.\n\nIDL/SIPS\n--------\n  "A lot of people are using IDL with a package called SIPS. This was\n  developed at the University of Colorado (Boulder) by some people working\n  for Alex Goetz.  You might try contacting them if you already have IDL\n  or would be willing to buy it.  It\'s a few thousand dollars (American) I\n  expect for IDL and the other should be free.  Those are the general\n  purpose packages I\'ve heard of, besides what TerraMar has.\n  SIPS _was_ written for AVIRIS imagery.  I\'m not sure how general purpose\n  it is.  You would have to contact Goetz or one of his people and ask.  I\n  have another piece of software (PCW) that does PC and Walsh\n  transformations with pseudocoloring and clustering and limited image\n  modification (you can compute an image using selected components).  I\'ve\n  used it on 70 megabyte AVIRIS images without problems, but for the best\n  speed you need an external DSP card.  It will work without it, but large\n  images take quite a while (50-70 times as long) to process.  That\'s a\n  freebie if you want it"\n\n  "My  favorite is IDL (Interactive Data Language) from Research Systems,\n  Inc.  IDL is in my opinion, much better and infinitely easier. Its\n  programming language is very strong and easy -- very Pascal-like. It\n  handles the number-crunching very well, also. Personally, I like doing\n  the number-crunching with IDL on the VAX (or Mathematica, Igor, or even\n  Excel on the Mac if it\'s not too hairy), then bringing it over to NIH\n  Image for the imaging part. I have yet to encounter any situation which\n  that combination couldn\'t handle, and the speed and ease of use\n  (compared to IRAF) was incredible. By the way, it\'s mostly astronomical\n  image processing which I\'ve been doing. This means image enhancement,\n  cleaning up bad lines/pixels, and some other traditional image\n  processing routines. Then, for example, taking a graph of intensity\n  versus position along a line I choose with the mouse, then doing a curve\n  fit to that line (which I might do like in KaleidaGraph.) "\n\n[ For IDL call Research Systems , for PV-WAVE call Precision Visuals and\n for SIPS call University of Colorado @ Boulder . From what I can\n understand, you can get packaged programs from Research Systems, though\n -- nfotis ]\n\nVisual3\n-------\n  contact Robert Haimes, MIT\n\nFieldView\n---------\n An interactive program designed to assist an engineer in\n investigating fluid dynamics data sets.          \n\n Platforms:  SGI, IBM, HP, SUN, X-terminals\n\n Availability:  Currently available on all of the above\n       platforms.  Educational programs and volume \n       discounts are available.\n\n Contact:\n\n Intelligent Light \n P.O. Box 65\n Fair Lawn, NJ 07410\n (201)794-7550\n        \n Steve Kramer (kramer@ilight.com)\n\n\nSciAn\n------\n  SciAn is primarily intended to do 3-D visualizations of data in an \n  interactive environment with the ability to generate animations using\n  frame-accurate video recording devices.  A user manual, on-line help, and\n  technical notes will help you use the program.\n\n  Cost : 0 (Free), source code provided via ftp.\n  Platforms : SGI 4D machines and IBM RS/6000 with the GL card + Z-buffer\n\n  Where to find it:\n  ftp.scri.fsu.edu [144.174.128.34] : /pub/SciAn\n\tA mirror is monu1.cc.monash.edu.au [130.194.1.101] : /pub/SciAn\n\nSCRY\n----\n[ From the README : ]\n\n      Scry is a distributed image handling system  that  pro-\n vides image transport and compression on local and wide area\n networks, image viewing on workstations, recording on  video\n equipment,  and  storage on disk.  The system can be distri-\n buted among workstations, between supercomputers and  works-\n tations,  and between supercomputers, workstations and video\n animation controllers.  The system is most commonly used  to\n produce  video based movie displays of images resulting from\n visualization of time dependent data, complex 3D data  sets,\n and  image  processing  operations.   Both  the  clients and\n servers run on a variety of systems that provide UNIX-like C\n run-time environments, and 4BSD sockets.\n \n The source is available for anonymous ftp:\n \n csam.lbl.gov [128.3.254.6] : pub/scry.tar.Z\n \n Contact:\n \n Bill Johnston, (wejohnston@lbl.gov, ...ucbvax!csam.lbl.gov!johnston)\n\n       or\n\n David Robertson (dwrobertson@lbl.gov, ...ucbvax!csam.lbl.gov!davidr)\n \n Imaging Technologies Group\n MS 50B/2239\n Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory\n 1 Cyclotron Road\n Berkeley, CA  94720\n\n\nSVLIB / FVS\n-----------\n  SVLIB is an X-Windows widget set based on the OSF (Open Software \n  Foundation) Motif widget set. SVLIB widgets are macro-widgets \n  comprising lower level Motif widgets such as buttons, scrollbars, \n  menus, and drawing areas. It is designed to address the reusability \n  of 2D visualization routines and each widget in the library is an \n  encapsulation of a specific visualization technique such as colormap \n  manipulation, image display, and contour plotting. It is targetted\n  to run on UNIX workstations supporting OSF/Motif. Currently, only \n  color monitors are supported. Since SVLIB is a collection of widgets \n  developed in the same spirit as the OSF/Motif user interface widget \n  set, it integrates seamlessly with the Motif widgets. Programmers \n  using SVLIB widgets see the same interface and design as other \n  Motif widgets.\n\n  FVS is a visualization software for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) \n  simulations.  FVS is designed to accept data generated from these\n  simulations and apply various visualization techniques to present these\n  data graphically. \n  FVS accepts three-dimensional multi-block data recorded in NCSA HDF format.\n\n iti.gov.sg [192.122.132.130] : /pub/svlib (Scientific Visualization)\n      /pu/fvs; These directories contain demo binaries for Sun4/SGI\n\n  Cost : US$200 for academic and US$300 for non-academic institutions.\n  (For each of the above items). You\'re getting the source for the licence.\n\n  Contact\n  -------\n  Miss Quek Lee Hian\n  Member of Technical Staff\n  Information Technology Institute\n  National Computer Board\n  NCB Building\n  71, Sicence Park Drive\n  Singapore 0511\n  Republic of Singapore\n  Tel : (65)7720435\n  Fax : (65)7795966\n  Email : leehian@iti.gov.sg\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------\nGVLware Distribution:\n        Bob  - An interactive volume renderer for the SGI\n        Raz  - A disk based movie player for the SGI\n        Icol - Motif color editor\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe Army High Performance Computing Research Center (AHPCRC) has been\ndeveloping a set of tools to work with large time dependent 2D and 3D\ndata sets.  In the Graphics and Visualization Lab (GVL) we are using\nthese tools along side standard packages, such as SGI Explorer and the\nUtah Raster Toolkit, to render 3D volumes and create digital movies.\nA couple of the more general purpose programs have been bundled into a\npackage called "GVLware".\n\nGVLware, currently consisting of Bob, Raz and Icol, is now available\nvia ftp.  The most interesting program is probably Bob, an interactive\nvolume renderer for the SGI.  Raz streams raster images from disk to\nan SGI screen, enabling movies larger than memory to be played.  Icol\nis a color map editor that works with Bob and Raz.  Source and\npre-built binaries for IRIX 4.0.5 are included.\n\nTo acquire GVLware, anonymous ftp to:\n        machine - ftp.arc.umn.edu\n        file    - /pub/gvl.tar.Z\n\nTo use GVLware:\n        mkdir gvl ; cd gvl\n        zcat gvl.tar.Z | tar xvf -\n        more README\n\nSome Bob features:\n        Motif interface, SGI GL rendering\n        Renders 64 cubed data set in 0.1 to 1.0 seconds on a VGX\n        Alpha Compositing and Maximum Value rendering, in perspective\n            (only Maximum Value rendering on Personal Iris)\n        Data must be a "Brick of Bytes", on a regularly spaced grid\n        Animation, subvolumes, subsampling, stereo\n\nSome Raz features:\n        Motif interface, SGI GL rendering\n        Loads files to a raw disk partition, then streams to screen\n            (requires an empty disk partition to be set aside)\n        Script interface available for movie sequences\n        Can stream from memory, like NCSA XImage\n        \nSome Icol features:\n        Motif interface\n        Easy to create interpolated color maps between key points\n        RGB, HSV and YUV color spaces, multiple file formats\n        Communicates changes automatically to Bob and Raz\n        Has been tested on SGI, Sun, DEC and Cray systems\n\nBTW:    Bob  == Brick of Bytes\n        Icol == Interpolated Color\n        Raz  == ? (just a name)\n\nPlease send any comments to\n        gvlware@ahpcrc.umn.edu\n\nThis software collection is supported by the Army Research Office\ncontract number DAALO3-89-C-0038 with the University of Minnesota Army\nHigh Performance Computing Research Center.\n\n\nIAP\n---\n  Imaging Applications Platform is a commercial package for medical and\n  scientific visualization. It does volume rendering, binary surface\n  rendering, multiplanar reformating, image manipulation, cine sequencing,\n  intermixes geometry and text with images and provides measurement and\n  coordinate transform abilities.\n\n  It can provide hardcopy on most medical film printers, image database\n  functionality and interconnection to most medical (CT/MRI/etc) scanners.\n\n  It is client/server based and provides an object oriented interface. It\n  runs on most high performance workstations and takes full advantage of\n  parallelism where it is available. It is robust, efficient and\n  will be submitted for FDA approval for use in medical applications.\n\n  Cost: $20K for OEM developer, $10K for educational developer\n  and run times starting at $8900 and going down based on quantity.\n\n  The developer packages include two days training for two people in Toronto.\n\n  Available from:\n\n  ISG Technologies\n  6509 Airport Road\n  Mississauga, Ontario,\n  Canada, L4V-1S7\n\n  (416) 672-2100\n  e-mail: Rod Gilchrist <rod@isgtec.com>\n\n========================================================================\n\n18. Molecular visualization stuff\n=================================\n\n[ Based on a list from cristy@dupont.com < Cristy > , which asked for\n systems for displaying Molecular Dynamics, MD for short ]\n\nFlex\n----\n  It is a public domain package written by Michael Pique, at The Scripps\n  Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Flex is stored as a compressed,\n  tar\'ed archive (about 3.4MB) at perutz.scripps.edu [137.131.152.27], in\n  pub/flex. It displays molecular models and MD trajectories.\n\nMacMolecule\n-----------\n  (for Macintosh). I searched with Archie, and the most\n  promising place is sumex-aim.stanford.edu (info-mac/app, and\n  info-mac/art/qt for a demo)\n\nMD-DISPLAY\n----------\n  Runs on SGI machines. Call Terry Lybrand (lybrand@milton.u.washington.edu).\n\nXtalView\n--------\n  It is a crystallography package that does visualize molecules and much more.\n  It uses the XView toolkit.\n  Call Duncan McRee <dem@scripps.edu>\n\nlandman@hal.physics.wayne.edu:\n-----------------------------\n  I am writing my own visualization code right now.  I look at MD output\n  (a specific format, easy to alter for the subroutine) on PC\'s.  My\n  program has hooks into GKS.  If your friend has access to Phigs for X\n  (PEX) and fortran bindings, I would be happy to share my evolving code\n  (free of charge).  Right now it can display supercells of up to 65\n  atoms (easy to change), and up to 100 time steps, drawing nearest\n  neighbor bonds between 2 defining nn radii.  It works acceptably fast\n  on a 10Mhz 286.\n\nicsg0001@caesar.cs.montana.edu:\n------------------------------\n  I did a project on Molecular Visualization for my Master\'s Thesis, using\n  UNIX/X11/Motif which generates a simple point and space-filling model.\n\nKGNGRAF\n-------\n\nKGNGRAF is part of MOTECC-91. Look on malena.crs4.it (156.148.7.12),\nin pub/motecc.\n\nmotecc.info.txt          Information about MOTECC-91 in plain ascii format.\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nmotecc.info.troff        Information about MOTECC-91 in troff format.\nmotecc.form.troff        MOTECC-91 order form in troff format.\nmotecc.license.troff     MOTECC-91 license agreement in troff format.\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nmotecc.info.ps           Information about MOTECC-91 in PostScript format.\nmotecc.form.ps           MOTECC-91 order form in PostScript format.\nmotecc.license.ps        MOTECC-91 license agreement in PostScript format.\n\n\nditolla@itnsg1.cineca.it:\n------------------------\n  I\'m working on molecular dynamic too.  A friend of mine and I have\n\n  developed a program to display an MD run dynamically on Silicon\n  Graphics.  We are working to improve it, but it doesn\'t work under X,\n  we are using the graphi. lib. of the Silicon Gr. because they are much\n  faster then X.  When we\'ll end it we\'ll post on the news info about\n  where to get it with ftp. (Will be free software).\n\nXBall V2.0\n----------\n  Written by David Nedde. Call daven@maxine.wpi.edu.\n\nXMol\n----\n  An X Window System program that uses OSF/Motif  for  the\n  display and  analysis  of  molecular  model data.  Data from several\n  common file formats can be read and written; current formats include:\n  Alchemy, CHEMLAB-II, Gaussian, MOLSIM, MOPAC, PDB, and MSCI\'s XYZ\n  format (which has been designed  for  simplicity  in  translating to\n  and from other formats). XMol also allows for conversion between\n  several of these formats.\n  Xmol is available at ftp.msc.edu. Read pub/xmol/README for\n  further details.\n\nINSIGHT II\n----------\n  from BIOSYM Technologies Inc.\n\nSCARECROW\n---------\n  The program has been published in J. Molecular Graphics 10\n  (1992) 33. The program can analyze and display CHARMM, DISCOVER, YASP\n  and MUMOD trajectories. The program package contains also software for\n  the generation of probe surfaces, proton affinity\n  surfaces and molecular orbitals from an extended Huckel program.\n  It works on Silicon Graphics machines.\n  Contact Leif Laaksonen <Leif.Laaksonen@csc.fi or laaksone@csc.fi>\n\nMULTI\n-----\nns.niehs.nih.gov [157.98.8.8] : /pub - MULTI 3.0 (Multi-Process\n\t\tMolecular Modeling Suite)\n\nMindTool\n--------\n  It runs under SunView, and requires a fortran compiler and Sun\'s CGI\n  libraries. MindTool is a tool  provided  for  the  interactive  graphic\n  manipulation  of  molecules  and  atoms. Currently, up to 10,000\n  atoms may be input.\n  Available via anonymous FTP, at rani.chem.yale.edu, directory\n  /pub/MindTool ( Check with Archie for other  sites if that\'s too far )\n\n[ I would also suggest looking at least in SGI\'s Applications Directory.\n It contains many more packages - nfotis ]\n\n===========================================================================\n\n19. GIS (Geographical Information Systems software)\n===================================================\n\nGRASS\n-----\n  (Geographic Resource Analysis Support System) of the US Army\n  Construction Engineering Research Lab (CERL). It is a popular geographic and\n  remote sensing image processing package. Many may think of GRASS as a\n  Geographic Information System rather than an Image Processing package,\n  although it is reported to have significant image processing\n  capabilities.\n\n  Feature Descriptions\n\n  I use GRASS  because it\'s public domain and can be obtained through the\n  internet for free.  GRASS runs in Unix and is written in C.  The source\n  code can be obtained through an anonymous ftp from the Office of Grass\n  Integration.  You then compile the source code for your machine, using\n  scripts provided with GRASS.  I would recommend GRASS for someone who\n  already has a workstation and is on a limited budget. GRASS is not very\n  user-friendly, compared to Macintosh software." A first review  of\n  overview documentation indicates that it looks useful and has some pixel\n  resampling functions not in other packages plus good general purpose\n  image enhancement routines (fft). Kelly Maurice at Vexcel Corp. in\n  Boulder, CO is a primary user of GRASS .  This gentleman has used the\n  GRASS software and developed multi-spectral (238 bands ??) volumetric\n  rendering, full color, on Suns and Stardents. It was a really effective\n  interface.  Vexcel Corp. currently has a contract to map part of Venus\n  and convert the Magellan radar data into contour maps. You can call them\n  at (303) 444-0094 or email care of greg@vexcel.com 192.92.90.68\n\n  Host Configuration Requirements\n\n  If you are willing to run A/UX you could install GRASS   on a Macintosh\n  which has significant image analysis and import capabilities for\n  satellite data. GRASS  is public-domain, and can run on a high-end PC\n  under UNIX. It is raster-based, has some image-processing capability,\n  and can display vector data (but analysis must be done in the raster\n  environment). I have used GRASS V.3 on a SUN workstation and found it\n  easy to use. It is best, of course, for data that are well represented\n  in raster (grid-cell) form.\n\n  Availability\n\n  CERL\'s Office of Grass Integration (OGI)  maintains an ftp server:\n  moon.cecer.army.mil (129.229.20.254).\n\n  Mail regarding this site should be addressed to\n  grass-ftp-admin@moon.cecer.army.mil.\n\n  This location will be the new "canonical" source for GRASS software, as\n  well as bug fixes, contributed sources, documentation, and other files.\n  This FTP server also supports dynamic compression and uncompression and\n  "tar" archiving of files.  A feature attraction of the server is John\n  Parks\' GRASS tutorial.  Because the manual is still in beta-test stage,\n  John requests that people only acquire it if they are willing to review\n  it and mail him comments/corrections. The OGI is not currently\n  maintaining this document, so all correspondence about it should be\n  directed to grassx@tang.uark.edu\n\n  Support\n\n  Listserv mailing lists:\n\n  grassu-list@amber.cecer.army.mil (for GRASS users; application-level\n  questions, support concerns, miscellaneous questions, etc) Send\n  subscribe commands to grassu-request@amber.cecer.army.mil.\n\n  grassp-list@amber.cecer.army.mil (for GRASS programmers; system-level\n  questions and tips, tricks, and techniques of design and implementation\n  of GRASS applications) Send subscribe commands to\n  grassp-request@amber.cecer.army.mil.\n\n  Both lists are maintained by the Office of Grass Integration (subset of\n  the Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Lab in\n  Champaign, IL). The OGI is providing the lists as a service to the\n  community; while OGI and CERL employees will participate in the lists,\n  we can make no claim as to content or veracity of messages that pass\n  through the list.  If you have questions, problems, or comments, send\n  E-mail to lists-owner@amber.cecer.army.mil and a human will respond.\n\nMicrostation Imager\n-------------------\n  Intergraph (based in Huntsville Alabama) sells a wide range of GIS\n  software/hardware. Microstation is a base  graphics package that Imager\n  sits on top of. Imager is basically an  image processing package with a\n  heavy GIS/remote sensing flavor.\n\n  Feature Description\n\n  Basic geometry manipulations: flip, mirror, rotate, generalized affine.\n  Rectification: Affine, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th order models as well as a\n  projective model (warp an image to a vector map or to another image).\n  RGB to IHS and IHS to RGB conversion.  Principal component analysis.\n  Classification: K-means and isodata.  Fourier Xforms: Forward, filtering\n  and reverse.  Filters: High pass, low pass, edge enhancing, median,\n  generic.  Complex Histogram/Contrast control.  Layer Controller: manages\n  up to 64 images at a time -- user can extract single bands from a 3 band\n  image or create color images by combining various individual bands, etc.\n\n  The package is designed for a remote sensing application (it can handle\n  VERY LARGE images) and there is all kinds of other software available\n  for GIS applications.\n  Host Configuration Requirements\n\n  It runs on Intergraph Workstations (a Unix machine similar to a Sun)\n  though there  were rumors (there are always rumors) that the software\n  would be  ported to PC and possibly a Sun environment.\n\nPCI\n---\n  A company called PCI, Inc., out of Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, makes\n  an array of software utilities for processing, manipulation, and use of\n  remote sensing data in eight or ten different "industry standard"\n  formats: LGSOWG, BSQ, LANDSAT, and a couple of others whose titles I\n  forget.  The software is available in versions for MS-DOS, Unix\n  workstations (among them HP, Sun, and IBM), and VMS, and quite possibly\n  other platforms by now.  I use the VMS version.\n\n  The "PCI software" consists of several classes/groups/packages of\n  utilities, grouped by function but all operating on a common "PCI\n  database" disk file.  The "Tape I/O" package is a set of utility\n  programs which read from the various remote-sensing industry tape\n  formats INTO, or write those formats out FROM, the "PCI database" file;\n  this is the only package I use or know much about.  Other packages can\n  display data from the PCI database to one or another of several\n  PCI-supported third-party color displays, output numeric or bitmap\n  representation of image data to an attached printer, e.g. an Epson-type\n  dot-matrix graphics printer.  You might be more spe- cifically\n  interested in the mathematical operations package: histo- gram and\n  Fourier analysis, equalization, user-specified operations (e.g.\n  "multiply channel 1 by 3, add channel 2, and store as channel 5"), and\n  God only knows what all else -- there\'s a LOT.  I don\'t have and don\'t\n  use these, so can\'t say much about them; you only buy the packages your\n  particular application/interest calls for.\n\n  Each utility is controlled by from one to eight "parameters," read from\n  a common "parameter file" which must be (in VMS anyway) in your "default\n  directory."  Some utilities will share parameters and use the same\n  parameter for a different purpose, so it can get a bit confusing setting\n  up a series of operations.  The standard PCI environment contains a\n  scripting language very similar to IBM-PC BASIC, but which allows you to\n  automate the process of setting up parameters for a common, complicated,\n  lengthy or difficult series of utility executions.  (In VMS I can also\n  invoke utilities independently from a DCL command procedure.)  There\'s\n  also an optional programming library which allows you to write compiled\n  language programs which can interface with (read from/write to) the PCI\n  data structures (database file, parameter file).\n\n  The PCI software is designed specifically for remote-sensing images, but\n  requires such a level of operator expertise that, once you reach the\n  level where you can handle r-s images, you can figure out ways to handle\n  a few other things as well.  For instance, the Tape I/O package offers a\n  utility for reading headerless multi-band (what Adobe PhotoShop on the\n  Macintosh calls "raw") data from tape, in a number of different\n  "interleave" orders. This turns out to be ideal for manipulating the\n  graphic-arts industry\'s "CT2T" format, would probably (I haven\'t tried)\n  handle Targa, and so on. Above all, however, you HAVE TO KNOW WHAT\n  YOU\'RE DOING or you can screw up to the Nth degree and have to start\n  over.  It\'s worth noting that the PCI "database" file is designed to\n  contain not only "raster" (image) data, but vectors (for overlaying map\n  information entered via digitizing table), land-use, and all manner of\n  other information (I observe that a remote-sensing image tape often\n  contains all manner of information about the spectral bands, latitude,\n  longitude, time, date, etc. of the original satellite pass; all of this\n  can go into the PCI "database").\n\n  I _believe_ that on workstations the built-in display is used.  On VAX\n  systems OTHER than workstations PCI supports only a couple of specific\n  third-party display systems (the name Gould/Deanza seems to come to\n  mind).  One of MY personal workarounds was a display program which would\n  display directly from a PCI "database" file to a Peritek VCT-Q (Q-bus\n  24-bit DirectColor) display subsystem.  PCI software COULD be "overkill"\n  in your case; it seems designed for the very "high end"\n  applications/users, i.e. those for whom a Mac/PC largely doesn\'t suffice\n  (although as you know the gap is getting smaller all the time).  It\'s\n  probably no coincidence that PCI is located in Canada, a country which\n  does a LOT of its land/resource management via remote sensing; I believe\n  the Canadian government uses PCI software for some of its work in these\n  areas.\n\nSPAM (Spectral Analysis Manager)\n--------------------------------\n  Back in 1985 JPL developed something called SPAM (Spectral Analysis\n  Manager) which got a fair amount of use at the time.  That was designed\n  for Airborne Imaging Spectrometer imagery (byte data, <= 256 pixels\n  across by <= 512 lines by <= 256 bands); a modified version has since\n  been developed for AVIRIS (Airborne VIsual and InfraRed Imaging\n  Spectrometer) which uses much larger images.\n\n  Spam does none of these things (rectification, classification, PC and\n  IHS transformations, filtering, contrast enhancement, overlays).\n  Actually, it does limited filtering and contrast enhancement\n  (stretching).  Spam is aimed at spectral identification and clustering.\n\n  The original Spam uses X or SunView to display.  The AVIRIS version may\n  require VICAR, an executive based on TAE, and may also require a frame\n  buffer.  I can refer you to people if you\'re interested.  PCW requires X\n  for display.\n\nMAP II\n------\n  Among the Mac GIS systems, MAP II is distributed by John Wiley.\n\nCLRview\n-------\n  CLRview is a 3-dimensional visualization program designed to exploit\n  the real-time capabilities of Silicon Graphics IRIS computers.\n\n  This program is designed to provide a core set of tools to aid in the\n  visualization of information from CAD and GIS sources.  It supports\n  the integration of many common but disperate data sources such as DXF,\n  TIN, DEM, Lattices, and Arc/Info Coverages among others.\n\n  CLRview can be obtained from explorer.dgp.utoronto.ca (128.100.1.129) \n  in the directory pub/sgi/clrview.\n\n  Contact:\n  Rodney Hoinkes\n  Head of Design Applications\n  Centre for Landscape Research\n  University of Toronto\n  Tel:   (416) 978-7197\n  Email: rodney@dgp.utoronto.ca\n\n==========================================================================\n\nEnd of Resource Listing\n-- \nNick (Nikolaos) Fotis         National Technical Univ. of Athens, Greece\nHOME: 16 Esperidon St.,       InterNet : nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr\n      Halandri, GR - 152 32   UUCP:    mcsun!ariadne!theseas!nfotis\n      Athens, GREECE          FAX: (+30 1) 77 84 578\n',
  u'From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 49\nNNTP-Posting-Host: lloyd.caltech.edu\n\nkcochran@nyx.cs.du.edu (Keith "Justified And Ancient" Cochran) writes:\n\n>>Natural morality may specifically be thought of as a code of ethics that\n>>a certain species has developed in order to survive.\n>Wait.  Are we talking about ethics or morals here?\n\nIs the distinction important?\n\n>>We see this countless\n>>times in the animal kingdom, and such a "natural" system is the basis for\n>>our own system as well.\n>Huh?\n\nWell, our moral system seems to mimic the natural one, in a number of ways.\n\n>>In order for humans to thrive, we seem to need\n>>to live in groups,\n>Here\'s your problem.  "we *SEEM* to need".  What\'s wrong with the highlighted\n>word?\n\nI don\'t know.  What is wrong?  Is it possible for humans to survive for\na long time in the wild?  Yes, it\'s possible, but it is difficult.  Humans\nare a social animal, and that is a cause of our success.\n\n>>and in order for a group to function effectively, it\n>>needs some sort of ethical code.\n>This statement is not correct.\n\nIsn\'t it?  Why don\'t you think so?\n\n>>And, by pointing out that a species\' conduct serves to propogate itself,\n>>I am not trying to give you your tautology, but I am trying to show that\n>>such are examples of moral systems with a goal.  Propogation of the species\n>>is a goal of a natural system of morality.\n>So anybody who lives in a monagamous relationship is not moral?  After all,\n>in order to ensure propogation of the species, every man should impregnate\n>as many women as possible.\n\nNo.  As noted earlier, lack of mating (such as abstinence or homosexuality)\nisn\'t really destructive to the system.  It is a worst neutral.\n\n>For that matter, in herds of horses, only the dominate stallion mates.  When\n>he dies/is killed/whatever, the new dominate stallion is the only one who\n>mates.  These seems to be a case of your "natural system of morality" trying\n>to shoot itself in the figurative foot.\n\nAgain, the mating practices are something to be reexamined...\n\nkeith\n',
  u"From: matmcinn@nuscc.nus.sg (Matthew MacIntyre at the National University of Senegal)\nSubject: Re: Gilligan's island, den of iniquity\nOrganization: National University of Singapore\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4\nLines: 21\n\nbeb@pt.com (Bruce Buck) writes:\n: In article <1993Apr13.011033.23123@nuscc.nus.sg> matmcinn@nuscc.nus.sg (Matthew MacIntyre at the National University of Senegal) writes:\n: >: >> Gilligan = Sloth\n: >: >> Skipper = Anger\n: >: >> Thurston Howell III = Greed\n: >: >> Lovey Howell = Gluttony\n: >: >> Ginger = Lust\n: >: >> Professor = Pride\n: >: >> Mary Ann = Envy\n: >\n: >Assorted Monkeys= Secular Humanism\n: \n: Assorted Headhunters - Godless, Heathen Savagery\n: Russian Agent who looks like Gilligan - Godless Communism\n: Japanese Sailor - Godless Barbarism\n: Walter Pigeon - Godless Bird Turd\n: The Mosquitos (Bingo, Bango, Bongo, Irving) - Godless Rock'n'Roll\n: Harold Heckuba (Phil Silvers) - Hollywood Hedonism\n: John McGiver - Butterfly flicking\n: Tonga, the Fake Apeman - Deceit, Lust\n: Eva Grubb - Deceit, lust\n",
  u'From: "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com>\nSubject: Re: Death Penalty (was Re: Political Athei\nIn-Reply-To: <930420.104819.5W1.rusnews.w165w@mantis.co.uk>\nNntp-Posting-Host: 127.0.0.1\nOrganization: Performance Systems Int\'l\nX-Mailer: PSILink-DOS (3.3)\nLines: 17\n\n>DATE:   Tue, 20 Apr 1993 10:48:19 +0100\n>FROM:   mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\n>\n>\n>There\'s a great film called "Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the\n>Media".  It\'s a Canadian film; I saw it at the Berlin Film Festival this\n>year.  If you get a chance, go and see it.\n>\n>I can\'t really recommend any books from having read them...  I\'m thinking of\n>ordering a book which a reviewer claimed gives a good introduction to his\n>political activism.  I could dig up the title.\n>\n>mathew\n\nCould it be _The Chomsky Reader_ edited by James Peck, published by Pantheon?\n\n\n',
  u'From: iharkest@Lise.Unit.NO (Inge Harkestad)\nSubject: Tangent vectors of Kochanek-Bartels splines\nOrganization: University of Trondheim\nLines: 33\n\nI\'m working on a system which uses a given set of 3D key frame\npositions (x,y,z) to control an imaginary camera movement.  I\'m\nusing Kochanek-Bartels splines (as described in the SIGGRAPH \'84\nproceedings) to create a variable number of inbetweens between\nthe key frames.  I want the inbetweens to be given in the form\n(x,y,z,dx,dy,dz) where the last three argumentsa are the x, y and\nz component of the viewing direction vector of the camera when\npositioned at (x,y,z).\n\nThe method presented by Kochanek and Bartels only deals with the\npositions of the inbetween view points to be generated.  I\'ve\ntried to set the viewing direction at a view point equal to the\nchord between the two adjacent view points (which in general are\nnot key frames), but this causes a sligt discontinuity of the\nviewing direction vector at the key frame positions (although\nthe spatial movement seems to work fine; and I\'m quite certain\n- I think :) - that I\'ve not simply made an implementation\nerror...)\n\nNow I wonder if anyone out there has used this spline form for\nsimilar purposes and how they decided the viewing vectors.\nI\'d appreciate replies to be emailed to me at\n  iharkest@lise.unit.no\nAnyone else interested in the answer will be sent a summary of\nthe replies if they contact me.\n\n-- \n _________     __________________\n\\\\        \\\\  \\\\\n \\\\ N G E  \\\\==\\\\ A R K E S T A D     iharkest@lise.unit.no         Comp. Sc.\n  \\\\________\\\\  \\\\_______________     NTH (Norwegian Institute of Technology)\n\n          "Some people play hard to get, I play hard to want" (Ford Fairlane)\n',
  u'From: steinly@topaz.ucsc.edu (Steinn Sigurdsson)\nSubject: Re: Commercial mining activities on the moon\n\t<1993Apr20.152819.28186@ke4zv.uucp>\n\t<1993Apr20.204838.13217@cs.rochester.edu>\nOrganization: Lick Observatory/UCO\nLines: 53\nNNTP-Posting-Host: topaz.ucsc.edu\nIn-reply-to: dietz@cs.rochester.edu\'s message of 20 Apr 93 20:48:38 GMT\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.204838.13217@cs.rochester.edu> dietz@cs.rochester.edu (Paul Dietz) writes:\n\n   In article <1993Apr20.152819.28186@ke4zv.uucp> gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman) writes:\n\n    > be the site of major commercial activity. As far as we know it has no\n    > materials we can\'t get cheaper right here on Earth or from asteroids\n    > and comets, aside from the semi-mythic He3 that *might* be useful in low\n    > grade fusion reactors.\n\n   problem with 3He (aside from the difficulty in making any fusion\n   reactor work) is that its concentration in lunar regolith is just so\n   small -- on the order of 5 ppb or so, on average (more in some\n\n   This thread reminds me of Wingo\'s claims some time ago about the moon\n   as a source of titanium for use on earth.  As I recall, Wingo wasn\'t\n ...\n   even 1% of the basalts are 5% TiO2, this is trillions of tons of TiO2\n   at concentrations only a factor of 2-3 less than in lunar high-Ti\n   basalts.  It is difficult to see how the disadvantages of the moon\n   could be overcome by such a small increase the concentration of the\n   ore (never mind the richer, but less common, terrestrial ores being\n   mined today).\n\nWhy Paul, it\'s obvious.\nOnce chlorine chemistry has been banned on Earth,\nas is being advocated by some groups, Ti prices will\nsharply increase (we are of course not allowed to\nassume any developments in Ti processing).\nLunar Ti will then be eminently competitive for\nthe trendy jewelry market and certain applications\nof National Importance \n\n:-) :-) :-) \n\n\n(oops, this is sci.space... wrong rules of debate ;-)\n\n\nSeriously, I\'d say there is a flaw in Gary\'s analysis\nin that he assumes an export oriented economy, maybe\nthe lunatics will just want some native Ti for local\nuse... as to why Lunar natives are cost effective, \nanalysis has shown they will be critical in providing\na sheltered manufacturing base, technological innovation,\ncritical materials and manpower in the war between\nthe Allies and Central Powers in about two hundred years...\n\n;-)\n\n|  Steinn Sigurdsson\t|I saw two shooting stars last night\t\t|\n|  Lick Observatory\t|I wished on them but they were only satellites\t|\n| steinly@lick.ucsc.edu |Is it wrong to wish on space hardware?\t\t|\n| "standard disclaimer"\t|I wish, I wish, I wish you\'d care - B.B. 1983\t|\n',
  u'From: bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig)\nSubject: Re: 14 Apr 93   God\'s Promise in 1 John 1: 7\nOrganization: Starfleet Headquarters: San Francisco\nLines: 47\n\nbrian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615) writes:\n>\n>Brian Kendig contorts . . .\n>\n>>\tIt can not be a light which cleanses\n>>\tif it is tainted with the blood\n>>\tof an innocent man.\n>\n>. . . now showing how Brian Kendig is in the dark of the \n>most fundamental basic of the Old Testament.  Concepts like\n>santification and Lev. 17:11 must be foreign to you.  Too bad\n>you are not interested in understanding.  Too bad you prefer\n>blurting folly even to your own shame.\n\n  Lev 17:11: For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given\n  it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is\n  the blood that makes atonement for the soul.\n\nThe Old Testament was very big on the "eye for an eye" business.  It\nmakes sense that Leviticus would support physical injury to "repay"\nmoral wrongdoing.\n\nI know about sanctification.  I\'ve been taught all about it in Sunday\nschool, catechism class, and theology classes.  But even after all\nthat, I still can\'t accept it.  Maybe I\'m still not understanding it,\nor maybe I\'m just understanding it all too well.\n\nFrom the bottom of my heart I know that the punishment of an innocent\nman is wrong.  I\'ve tried repeatedly over the course of several years\nto accept it, but I just can\'t.  If this means that I can\'t accept the\npremise that a god who would allow this is \'perfectly good\', then so\nbe it.\n\n>     What ignorance you can show us next?  I guess I\'ll wait\n>till tomorrow.\n\nIf you can explain to me why the death of Jesus was a *good* thing,\nthen I would be very glad to hear it, and you might even convert me.\nBe warned, however, that I\'ve heard all the most common arguments\nbefore, and they just don\'t convince me.\n\n-- \n_/_/_/  Brian Kendig                             Je ne suis fait comme aucun\n/_/_/  bskendig@netcom.com                de ceux que j\'ai vus; j\'ose croire\n_/_/                            n\'etre fait comme aucun de ceux qui existent.\n  /  The meaning of life     Si je ne vaux pas mieux, au moins je suis autre.\n /    is that it ends.                                           -- Rousseau\n',
  u'From: kellyb@ccsua.ctstateu.edu\nSubject: Re: Bible Quiz\nLines: 12\nNntp-Posting-Host: ccsua.ctstateu.edu\nOrganization: Yale University, Department of Computer Science, New Haven, CT\n\nIn article <kmr4.1563.734805744@po.CWRU.edu>, kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan) writes:\n> In article <1qgbmt$c4f@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> cr866@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Frank D. Kirschner) writes:\n> \n>> ---\n> \n>    Only when the Sun starts to orbit the Earth will I accept the Bible. \n>         \n> \n     Since when does atheism mean trashing other religions?There must be a God\n     of inbreeding to which you are his only son.\n\n                                                  Pope John Paul\n',
  u'From: jhpark@cs.utexas.edu (Jihun Park)\nSubject: POVray : tga -> rle\nOrganization: CS Dept, University of Texas at Austin\nLines: 25\nNNTP-Posting-Host: pageboy.cs.utexas.edu\n\nHello,\nI have some problem in converting tga file(generated by POVray) to\nrle file. When I convert, I do not get any warning message. But\nif I use xloadimage/getx11, something is wrong.\n\nError messages are,\n% targatorle -o o.rle data.tga\n% xloadimage o.rle\no.rle is a 0x0 24 bit RLE image with no map (will dither to 8 bits), with gamma of 1.00\n  Dithering image...done\n  Building XImage...done\nxloadimage: X Error: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation) on 0x0\nxloadimage: X Error: BadWindow (invalid Window parameter) on 0xb00003\n......\n\nI know that I need to install ppmtorle and tgatoppm, but I do not spend\ntime to install them. Even I do not want to generate .rgb from POVray\nand then convert them to rle, if possible.(.rgb to rle works, but\nit will mess up my directory with so many files, and it needs 2 more\nsteps to finally convert to rle file. say cat | rawtorle | rleflip )\nDoes any body out there have same experience/problems ?\n\nThanks in advance,\n---\nJ. Park\n',
  u'From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Kupier Object: Smiley\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 25\n\nJames Nicholl sez;\n>>       If the  new  Kuiper belt object *is*  called \'Karla\', the next\n>>one  should be called \'Smiley\'.\n\nJeff responds;\n>Unless I\'m imaging things, (always a possibility =) 1992 QB1, the Kuiper Belt\n>object discovered last year, is known as Smiley.\n\n>--\n>Jeff Foust              [49 days!]      "You\'re from outer space."\n>Senior, Planetary Science, Caltech      "No, I\'m from Iowa.  I only work in\n>jafoust@cco.caltech.edu                  outer space."\n>jeff@scn1.jpl.nasa.gov                  -- from Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\n\nI wouldn\'t worry too much about it, Jeff.  If you work for JPL, then your\njob IS imaging things :-)\n\n(I know, it was a just a typo, but I couldn\'t resist.  At least, I hope it\nwas a typo, or my stupid joke is stupider than I intended :-)\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u'From: rjl+@pitt.edu (Richard J. Loether)\nSubject: Re: Who\'s next?  Mormons and Jews?\nDistribution: usa\nOrganization: University of Pittsburgh\nLines: 38\n\nIn article <1r1et6INNh8p@ctron-news.ctron.com> king@ctron.com (John E. King) writes:\n:\n: pmy@vivaldi.acc.Virginia.EDU (Pete Yadlowsky) writes:\n:\n:::Didn\'t Christ tell his disciples to arm them selves, shortly \n:::before his crusifiction? (I believe the exact quote was along the\n:::lines of, "If you have [something] sell it and buy a sword.")\n:\n::This from a guy who preached love, deference of power to God and\n::renunciation of worldly life in exchange for a life of the spirit? If\n::Jesus did in fact command his disciples to arm themselves, I would\n::take that as yet another reason to reject Christian doctrine, for\n::whatever it\'s worth.\n\nLike most religions, the doctrine has good and bad in it.  I would \ncertainly reject the current implementations of the doctrine.\n:\n:No.  The above is a classic example of taking a scripture out of context.\n:It\'s taken from Luke 22:36.  But note vs 37; "For I tell you that this\n:which is written must be accomplished in me, namely, \'and he will be reckoned\n:with lawless ones\'...".  He then stated that two swords were enough\n:for the group to carry to be counted as lawless.  \n\nSo having more than the politically correct number of weapons was\ncause to be arresed and killed even then, huh?\n\n:Jesus\' overiding message was one of peace (turn other cheek; live by \n:sword die by sword; etc).\n\nYes, of course, as in Matthew 10:34-35 "Do not suppose that I have come to \nbring peace to the earth; it is not peace I have come to bring but a sword..."\n:\nRJL\n-- \nRich Loether          Snail mail: University of Pittsburgh     The Ideas:\nEMail: rjl+@pitt.edu              Computing and Info Services      Mine,\nVoice: (412) 624-6429             600 Epsilon Drive                   all\nFAX  : (412) 624-6426             Pittsburgh, PA 15238                  Mine.\n',
  u'From: olson@anchor.esd.sgi.com (Dave Olson)\nSubject: Re: SGI sales practices (Was: Crimson (Was: Kubota Announcement?))\nOrganization:  Silicon Graphics, Inc.  Mountain View, CA\nLines: 90\n\nIn <1qjrec$qem@network.ucsd.edu> spl@ivem.ucsd.edu (Steve Lamont) writes:\n| What I *am* annoyed about is the fact that we were led to believe that\n| we *would* be able to upgrade to a multiprocessor version of the\n| Crimson without the assistance of a fork lift truck.\n\nIt should have been made fairly clear that the *most* Crimson would\never get was a 150 (75 old style) MHz CPU upgrade.  Certainly this\nwas mentioned on comp.sys.sgi on more than one occasion as being\nlikely.  If our sales folks were saying otherwise, they were either\nconfused, or less than honest/ethical, or somebody further up the\nchain inside SGI was misleading them.\n\n| I\'m also annoyed about being sold *several* Personal IRISes at a\n| previous site on the understanding *that* architecture would be around\n| for a while, rather than being flushed.\n\nThere were 4 versions (20, 25, 30, 35), although admittedly the 30 came\nout at the same time as the 35, over a period of 2 1/2 years.  The\nchassis simply couldn\'t be pushed any further.  I\'d say 4 years was\na pretty good lifespan, myself, for a system design in this day and\nage.  Getting the 35 to work caused a lot of gray hairs in both the\nhardware and product design groups; we would have been out of our\nminds to push it further, and I *know* that was made clear, almost\nfrom the day the 35 started shipping.  We had one last kicker in\nthe form of the Elan graphics, which made 3 graphics versions over\nits lifespan, which I also think is pretty good.\n\n| Now I understand that SGI is responsible to its investors and has to\n| keep showing a positive quarterly bottom line (odd that I found myself\n| pressured on at least two occasions to get the business on the books\n| just before the end of the quarter), but I\'m just a little tired of\n| getting boned in the process.\n\nPlease, by all means send a complaint letter through SGI support\nor sales on your concerns.  There should be no reason for sales folks\nto misrepresent future upgrades to customers (sure, sometimes there\nwill be confusion for a while, over whether an upgrade will be available,\nbut that shouldn\'t last too long, and doesn\'t seem to be what you\nare referring to).\n\nYes, the sales folks *do* get bonus\'s at the end of some (all?) quarters,\nbut that is pretty common industry wide, and sometimes that can result\nin good deals for customers (sometimes it probably pushes folks into\nsystems that aren\'t what they need, I\'m sure, but nobody is *forcing*\nyou to buy at end of quarter, after all...)\n\n| Maybe it\'s because my lab buys SGIs in onesies and twosies, so we\n| aren\'t entitled to a "peek under the covers" as the Big Kids (NASA,\n| for instance) are.  This lab, and I suspect that a lot of other labs\n\nThey don\'t get all that long a lead time either; although certainly\nthey get presentations on possible new products, and their opinions\nmay well influence the end product, but that also is life in the\nindustry.  We can\'t design systems that meet just their needs, or we\nwon\'t sell too many systems, after all (which is not to say that we\ndon\'t have some niche products, like Reality Engine).\n\n| and organizations, doesn\'t have a load of money to spend on computers\n| every year, so we can\'t be out buying new systems on a regular basis.\n| The boxes that we buy now will have to last us pretty much through the\n| entire grant period of five years and, in some case, beyond.  That\n| means that I need to buy the best piece of equipment that I can when I\n| have the money, not some product that was built, to paraphrase one\n| previous poster\'s words, \'to fill a niche\' to compete with some other\n| vendor.  I\'m going to be looking at this box for the next five years.\n| And every time I look at it, I\'m going to think about SGI and how I\n| could have better spent my money (actually *your* money, since we\'re\n| supported almost entirely by Federal tax dollars).\n\nBut surely you don\'t expect a system you buy now for a five year\nperiod to be constantly upgradable over that entire five year\nperiod?  That\'s a rather unreasonable expectation, in my experience\n(with workstations/microcomputers).  Supported, and parts available,\nyes, but certainly not upgradable to the latest and greatest!\n\n| Now you\'ll have to pardon me while I go off and hiss and fume in a\n| corner somewhere and think dark, libelous thoughts.\n\nI missed your first posting, but as I say, by all means share your\nfrustation with somebody at a level inside SGI where it might\nhave an effect (not immediate, I\'m sure, but complaints aren\'t\ngoing to be ignored, and *may* affect future plans, if we \nhear similar things from more than one person/site).\n\nAll of the above is, as usual, my personal opinion, not SGI\'s.\n--\nLet no one tell me that silence gives consent,  |   Dave Olson\nbecause whoever is silent dissents.             |   Silicon Graphics, Inc.\n    Maria Isabel Barreno                        |   olson@sgi.com\nPS: I start my sabbatical 29 May, ask those questions now ;)\n',
  u'From: geb@cs.pitt.edu (Gordon Banks)\nSubject: Re: [lds] Gordon\'s Objections\nReply-To: geb@cs.pitt.edu (Gordon Banks)\nOrganization: Univ. of Pittsburgh Computer Science\nLines: 38\n\nIn article <C5rp8K.Kw2@acsu.buffalo.edu> psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss) writes:\n>Gordon Banks quoted and added...\n>\n>gb> In article <C53L1s.D61@acsu.buffalo.edu>\n>gb>  psyrobtw@ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss) writes:\n>gb>\n>gb> >The Mormon Jesus is the spirit brother of Lucifer. That Jesus is God\n>gb> >the Father\'s first born spirit child. That Jesus was begotten on earth\n>gb> >through natural means, not by the Holy Ghost. That He sweat His blood\n>gb> >for our sins in the Garden of Gethsemane. That His blood cannot\n>gb> >cleanse from all sin. That He is now among many millions of other\n>gb> >gods. That Jesus is Jehovah and the Father is Elohim (in the OT\n>gb> >Jehovah and Elohim are the same). That He needed to be saved.\n>gb>\n\n\nIt is true that Mormons believe that all spirits (including Jesus,\nLucifer, Robert Weiss) are in the same family.  It does not mean\nthat Jesus was created, but rather that Lucifer and Robert Weiss\nwere not.  I agree that this is a "heresy".  So what?  \nThe sweating of blood in Gethsemene is\nnot a basic Mormon doctrine.  Jesus did not perform the atonement\nin Getheseme alone, as some anti-Mormons are trying to teach.  \nAs far as the "unpardonable sin" whatever that is, it is Biblical,\nand not specifically Mormon.  It is also called the sin against\nthe Holy Ghost.  Most Bible scholars (other than conservative\nones) do not believe Jehovah and Elohim were always the same.\nI\'m sure you\'ve heard of the J and the E texts?  I don\'t\nknow what you mean by "That He needed to be saved".  Jesus?\nJehovah?  Elohim?  In Mormon doctrine, Jesus was sinless,\nand thus did not "need to be saved".  \n\n\n-- \n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nGordon Banks  N3JXP      | "Skepticism is the chastity of the intellect, and\ngeb@cadre.dsl.pitt.edu   |  it is shameful to surrender it too soon." \n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Why DC-1 will be the way of the future.\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt MD USA\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\n\nI once read an article on  Computer technology  which stated that \nevery new computer technology was actually lower and slower then what it\nreplaced.  Silicon was less  effective then the germanium  products\nthen available.   GaAs  was less capable then Silicon.  Multi-processors\nwere slower then  existent single processors.\n\nWhat the argument was, though was that these new technologies promised either\ntheoretically future higher performance  or lower cost or higher densities.\n\nI think that the DC-1  may g=fit into this same model.\n\nELV's can certainly launch more weight  then  a SSRT,  but \nan SSRT offers the prospect of  greater cycle times and  lower costs.\n\nThis is kind of a speculative posting,  but I thought i'd throw it out as\na hjistorical framework  for those interested in the project.\n\npat\n",
  u"From: leech@cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech)\nSubject: Weekly reminder for Frequently Asked Questions list\nSupersedes: <reminder_734971619@cs.unc.edu>\nOrganization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill\nLines: 36\nDistribution: world\nExpires: 7 May 1993 17:25:40 GMT\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mahler.cs.unc.edu\n\n    This notice will be posted weekly in sci.space, sci.astro, and\nsci.space.shuttle.\n\n    The Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) list for sci.space and sci.astro is\nposted approximately monthly. It also covers many questions that come up on\nsci.space.shuttle (for shuttle launch dates, see below).\n\n    The FAQ is posted with a long expiration date, so a copy may be in your\nnews spool directory (look at old articles in sci.space). If not, here are\ntwo ways to get a copy without waiting for the next posting:\n\n    (1) If your machine is on the Internet, it can be obtained by anonymous\nFTP from the SPACE archive at ames.arc.nasa.gov (128.102.18.3) in directory\npub/SPACE/FAQ.\n\n    (2) Otherwise, send email to 'archive-server@ames.arc.nasa.gov'\ncontaining the single line:\n\nhelp\n\n    The archive server will return directions on how to use it. To get an\nindex of files in the FAQ directory, send email containing the lines:\n\nsend space FAQ/Index\nsend space FAQ/faq1\n\n    Use these files as a guide to which other files to retrieve to answer\nyour questions.\n\n    Shuttle launch dates are posted by Ken Hollis periodically in\nsci.space.shuttle. A copy of his manifest is now available in the Ames\narchive in pub/SPACE/FAQ/manifest and may be requested from the email\narchive-server with 'send space FAQ/manifest'. Please get this document\ninstead of posting requests for information on launches and landings.\n\n    Do not post followups to this article; respond to the author.\n",
  u'From: hedrick@athos.rutgers.edu (Charles Hedrick)\nSubject: Re: Clarification of personal position (Jesus and the Law)\nOrganization: Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.\nLines: 98\n\nsandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n\n>My online Bible is on a CD, but I don\'t own a CD-ROM system for the\n>time being, so I can\'t search for the famous cite where Jesus explicitly\n>states that he didn\'t want to break existing (Jewish) laws. In other\n>words technically speaking Christians should use Saturday and not Sunday\n>as their holy day, if they want to conform to the teachings of Jesus.\n\nI think the passage you\'re looking for is the following.\n\nMatthew 5:17    "Think not that I have come to abolish the law and the \nprophets; I have come not to abolish them but to fulfil them. \nMatthew 5:18   For truly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, \nnot an iota, not a dot, will pass from the law until all is accomplished. \nMatthew 5:19   Whoever then relaxes one of the least of these commandments \nand teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but he \nwho does them and teaches them shall be called great in the kingdom of \nheaven. \nMatthew 5:20   For I tell you, unless your righteousness exceeds that of \nthe scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. \n\nThere are several problems with this.  The most serious is that the\nLaw was regarded by Jews at the time (and now) as binding on Jews, but\nnot on Gentiles.  There are rules that were binding on all human\nbeings (the so-called Noachic laws), but they are quite minimal.  The\nissue that the Church had to face after Jesus\' death was what to do\nabout Gentiles who wanted to follow Christ.  The decision not to\nimpose the Law on them didn\'t say that the Law was abolished.  It\nsimply acknowledged that fact that it didn\'t apply to Gentiles.  This\nis a simple answer, which I think just about everyone can agree to.\n(A discussion of the issue in more or less these terms is recorded\nin Acts 15.)\n\nHowever there\'s more involved.  In order to get a full picture of the\nrole of the Law, we have to come to grips with Paul\'s apparent\nrejection of the Law, and how that relates to Jesus\' commendation of\nthe Law.  At least as I read Paul, he says that the Law serves a\npurpose that has been in a certain sense superceded.  Again, this\nissue isn\'t one of the abolition of the Law.  In the middle of his\ndiscussion, Paul notes that he might be understood this way, and\nassures us that that\'s not what he intends to say.  Rather, he sees\nthe Law as primarily being present to convict people of their\nsinfulness.  But ultimately it\'s an impossible standard, and one that\nhas been superceded by Christ.  Paul\'s comments are not the world\'s\nclearest here, and not everyone agrees with my reading.  But the\ninteresting thing to notice is that even this radical position does\nnot entail an abolition of the Law.  It still remains as an\nuncompromising standard, from which not an iota or dot may be removed.\nFor its purpose of convicting of sin, it\'s important that it not be\nrelaxed.  However for Christians, it\'s not the end -- ultimately we\nlive in faith, not Law.\n\nWhile the theoretical categories they use are rather different, in the\nend I think Jesus and Paul come to a rather similar conclusion.  The\nquoted passage from Mat 5 should be taken in the context of the rest\nof the Sermon on the Mount, where Jesus shows us how he interprets the\nLaw.  The "not an iota or dot" would suggest a rather literal reading,\nbut in fact that\'s not Jesus\' approach.  Jesus\' interpretations\nemphasize the intent of the Law, and stay away from the ceremonial\ndetails.  Indeed he is well known for taking a rather free attitude\ntowards the Sabbath and kosher laws.  Some scholars claim that Mat\n5:17-20 needs to be taken in the context of 1st Cent. Jewish\ndiscussions.  Jesus accuses his opponents of caring about giving a\ntenth of even the most minor herbs, but neglecting the things that\nreally matter: justice, mercy and faith, and caring about how cups and\nplates are cleaned, but not about the fact that inside the people who\nuse them are full of extortion and rapacity.  (Mat 23:23-25) This, and\nthe discussion later in Mat 5, suggest that Jesus has a very specific\nview of the Law in mind, and that when he talks about maintaining the\nLaw in its full strength, he is thinking of these aspects of it.\nPaul\'s conclusion is similar.  While he talks about the Law being\nsuperceded, all of the specific examples he gives involve the\n"ceremonial law", such as circumcision and the Sabbath.  He is quite\nconcerned about maintaining moral standards.\n\nThe net result of this is that when Paul talks about the Law being\nsuperceded, and Jesus talks about the Law being maintained, I believe\nthey are talking about different aspects of the Law.  Paul is\nembroiled in arguments about circumcision.  As is natural in letters\nresponding to specific situations, he\'s looking at the aspect of the\nLaw that is currently causing trouble: the Law as specifically Jewish\nceremonies.  He certainly does not intend to abolish divine standards\nof conduct.  On the other hand, when Jesus commends the Law, he seems\nto be talking the Law in its broadest implications for morals and\nhuman relationships, and deemphasizing those aspects that were later\nto give Paul so much trouble.\n\nIt\'s unfortunate that people use the same terms in different ways, but\nwe should be familiar with that from current conflicts.  Look at the\nway terms like "family values" take on special meaning from the\ncurrent context.  Imagine some poor historian of the future trying to\nfigure out why "family values" should be used as a code word for\nopposition to homosexuality in one specific period in the U.S.  I\nthink Law had taken on a similar role in the arguments Paul was\ninvolved in.  Paul was clearly not rejecting all of the Jewish values\nthat go along with the term "Law", any more than people who concerned\nabout the "family values" movement are really opposed to family\nvalues.\n',
  u"From: mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee)\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\nOrganization: Royal Roads Military College, Victoria, B.C.\nLines: 32\n\n\nIn article <sandvik-200493235610@sandvik-kent.apple.com>, sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n|> In article <1993Apr20.143754.643@ra.royalroads.ca>, mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca\n|> (Malcolm Lee) wrote:\n|> > I understand and sympathize with your pain.  What happened in Waco was a very\n|> > sad tradgedy.  Don't take it out on us Christians though.  The Branch\n|> > Davidians were not an organized religion.  They were a cult led by a ego-maniac\n|> > cult leader.  The Christian faith stands only on the shoulders of one man,\n|> > the Lord of Lords and King of Kings, Jesus Christ.   BTW, David Koresh was NOT\n|> > Jesus Christ as he claimed.\n|> \n|> The interesting notion is that (I watched TV tonight) Koresh never\n|> claimed officially to be Jesus Christ. His believers hoped that \n|> he would be, but he never took this standpoint himself.\n|> \n|> He was more interested in breaking the seven seals of Revelation,\n|> and make sure that Armageddon would start. Well it did, and 19\n|> children died, and no God saved them.\n|> \n|> Kent\n|> ---\n|> sandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n\nAnd does it not say in scripture that no man knows the hour of His coming, not\neven the angels in Heaven but only the Father Himself?  DK was trying to play\nGod by breaking the seals himself.  DK killed himself and as many of his\nfollowers as he could.  BTW, God did save the children.  They are in Heaven,\na far better place.  How do I know?  By faith.\n\nGod be with you,\n\nMalcolm Lee  :)\n",
  u'From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov\nSubject: Re: ASTRONAUTS---What does weightlessness feel like?\nOrganization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nX-Posted-From: algol.jsc.nasa.gov\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sol.ctr.columbia.edu\nLines: 81\n\n: In article <1993Apr29.121501@is.morgan.com>, jlieb@is.morgan.com (Jerry Liebelson) writes...\n: > I want to know what weightlessness actually FEELS like. For example, is\n: >there a constant sensation of falling? \n\nRon Baalke (baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov) replied:\n: Yes, weightlessness does feel like falling.  It may feel strange at first,\n: but the body does adjust.  The feeling is not too different from that\n: of sky diving.\n\nI\'m no astronaut, but I\'ve flown in the KC-135 several times.  I\'ll\ntell you about my first flight.\n\nAt the on-set of weightlessness, my shoulders lifted and my spine\nstraightened.  I felt a momentary panic, and my hands tried to grab\nonto something (like the strap keeping me firmly against the floor)\nto prevent me from falling; I remember conciously over-ruling my\ninvoluntary motions.  My ears felt (not heard) a rush and I could\nfeel fluid moving in my head (like when you get up from bed while\nyou have a cold).\n\nAt that point, I ceased to concentrate on my physiological response,\nsince I had some science to do.  I was busy keeping my experiment\ngoing and keeping track of all the parts during the "return" of\ngravity and subsequent 1.8-G pull-out, so I didn\'t really pay\nattention to physiology at that time.\n\nAfter about 5 parabolas, I discovered that I was performing one\nof the tricks I\'ve discovered to keep myself from getting motion\nsickness; I was keeping my head very still and moving very slowly\n-- all except my hands and arms, which needed to be in rapid,\nconcious motion for my experiment.  During the pull-out to\nparabola 5, my queasiness finally started to get to me, and I\nhad to use one of those air-sickness bags.  I was basically\nuseless for the rest of that flight, so I went to the seats in\nthe back of the plane while my partner (whom I drafted for just\nthis purpose) kept working on the experiment while I was ill.\n(He was a vetran Vomit Comet rider, one of those anomalous\npeople who don\'t get sick on the thing.)\n\nI didn\'t think of it as a "constant sensation of falling" so\nmuch as like swimming in air.  It\'s very close to the sensations\nI feel when I\'m scuba diving and I turn my head down and fins up.\n\nJerry:\n: >And what is the motion sickness\n: >that some astronauts occasionally experience? \n\nRon:\n: It is the body\'s reaction to a strange environment.  It appears to be\n: induced partly to physical discomfort and part to mental distress.\n: Some people are more prone to it than others, like some people are more\n: prone to get sick on a roller coaster ride than others.  The mental\n: part is usually induced by a lack of clear indication of which way is\n: up or down, ie: the Shuttle is normally oriented with its cargo bay\n: pointed towards Earth, so the Earth (or ground) is "above" the head of\n: the astronauts.  About 50% of the astronauts experience some form of\n: motion sickness, and NASA has done numerous tests in space to try to\n: see how to keep the number of occurances down.\n\nI\'m a volunteer in JSC\'s Space Biomedical Laboratory where they do,\namong other things, some of the tests Ron mentions.  I was in one\ncalled the Pre-flight Adaptation Trainer, which consisted of a chair on\na several-degree-of-freedom motion base with moving geometric visual\naids.  The goal was to measure the victim\'s^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H subject\'s\nresponses and subjective physiological descriptions and see if repeated\nexposure to this environment could reduce future motion sickness\nsymptoms.\n\nJerry --\n\nI don\'t know of any former or active-duty astronauts who personally\nread this group.  I know that Bruce McCandless\'s office had been\nwaiting anxiously for the Space Station Redesign option I posted\nlast week, but I don\'t think Bruce reads the group himself.\n\n-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\n      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368\n\n     "The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make\n      anything."\n        -- Edward John Phelps, American Diplomat/Lawyer (1825-1895)\n',
  u"From: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nSubject: Rosicrucian Order(s) ?!\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 22\nReply-To: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nKent:\n\n     You say that\n\n>There are about 4-10 competing Rosicrucian orders existing today,\n                      ^^^^^^^^^\n>most of them are spin-offs from OTO and other competing organizations\n>from the 19th century France/Germany. Maybe I should write an article\n                        Please don't!  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n>about all this, I spent some time investigating these organizations\n>and their conceptual world view systems.\n\n     Name just three *really* competing Rosicrucian Orders. I have\nprobably spent more time than you doing the same. \n\n     None of them are spin-offs from O.T.O. The opposite may be the\ncase. \n\nStudy Harder,\n\nTony\n",
  u'Subject: Re: [lds] Rick\'s reply\nFrom: <LIBRBA@BYUVM.BITNET>\nOrganization: Brigham Young University\nLines: 95\n\nIn article <C5KDzK.497@acsu.buffalo.edu>, psyrobtw@ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert\nWeiss) says:\n>     Just briefly, on something that you mentioned in passing. You refer to\n>     differing interpretations of "create," and say that many Christians may\n>     not agree. So what? That is really irrelevant. We do not base our faith\n>     on how many people think one way or another, do we? The bottom line is\n>     truth, regardless of popularity of opinions.\n\n   I\'m sorry, I thought we were discussing heresy.  I assumed that heresy\nmeant a departure from orthodoxy, in which case generally accepted belief is\nindeed an important issue.  In this case, the definition of the word "create"\nis of great importance, since creation is the issue being discussed.\n\n>\n>     Also, I find it rather strange that in trying to persuade that created\n>     and eternally existent are equivalent, you say "granted the Mormon\n>     belief..." You can\'t grant your conclusion and then expect the point to\n>     have been addressed. In order to reply to the issue, you have to address\n>     and answer the point that was raised, and not just jump to the\n>     conclusion that you grant.\n\n  I should have said "given the Mormon belief."  If you disagree with the\nMormon belief that creation is more a function of organization of eternally\nexistent substance than one of ex nihilo creation, then that is the important\npoint.\n\n>     The Bible states that Lucifer was created.  The Bible states that Jesus\n>     is the creator of all. The contradiction that we have is that the LDS\n>     belief is that Jesus and Lucifer were the same.\n\n  Correction: you interpret the Bible to mean something very specific by\nsuch terms.\n\n>     The Mormon belief is that all are children of God. Literally. There is\n>     nothing symbolic about it. This however, contradicts what the Bible\n>     says. The Bible teaches that not everyone is a child of God:\n>\n   It always cracks me up when anti-Mormons presume to tell Mormons what they\nbelieve.  Mormons do, in fact, believe that all people, including Christ and\nLucifer, are children of God in the sense that we were all created (or\norganized or whatever) by Him.  We also believe that being "offspring" of\nGod has a symbolic sense when applied to being spiritually "born again" of\nHim.  Thus the same word can be used to convey different meanings.  This is\nhow language works, Robert, and it\'s why making someone an offender for a\nword is dangerous.\n\n\n>     This is really a red herring. It doesn\'t address any issue raised, but\n>     rather, it seeks to obfuscate. The fact that some groups try to read\n>     something into the Bible, doesn\'t change what the Bible teaches. For\n<...>\n>     We first look to the Bible to see what it teaches. To discount, or not\n>     even address, what the Bible teaches because there are some groups that\n>     have differing views is self-defeating. To see what the Bible teaches,\n>     you have to look at the Bible.\n\n   On the contrary, Robert, it is not a red herring at all to show that those\nwho rely wholly on the Bible cannot seem to agree on what it says.  You say\nthat one must simply "look at the Bible" to see what it teaches, but centuries\nof people doing just that have sho0wn that no one is really sure what it says.\nAre we to believe that you are the only one who really understands the\nscriptures?\n\n>     I find this rather curious. When I mentioned that the Mormon belief is\n>     that Jesus needed to be saved, I put forward some quotes from the late\n>     apostle, Bruce McConkie. The curious part is that no one addressed the\n>     issue of `Jesus needing to be saved.\' Rick comes the closest with his "I\n>     have my own conclusions" to addressing the point.\n\n  Let me clarify this one more time.  You did not refer to the Mormon belief\nthat Jesus needed to be saved, but rather to McConkie\'s belief in same.  We\nkeep trying to point out to you that Bruce McConkie is not the source of\nMormon doctrine, and you keep ignoring it. (see below)\n\n>\n>     Most of the other replies have instead hop-scotched to the issue of\n>     Bruce McConkie and whether his views were \'official doctrine.\' I don\'t\n>     think that it matters if McConkie\'s views were canon. That is not the\n>     issue.  Were McConkie\'s writings indicative of Mormon belief on this\n>     subject is the real issue. The indication from Rick is that they may\n>     certainly be.\n\n  On the contrary, Robert, if you are quoting McConkie\'s words as Mormon\ncanon then the question of whether they are canon or not is of *great*\nimportance.  The fact is that they are not.  Whether or not they indicate\ngeneral Mormon belief would only be ascertainable by interviewing a large\nnumber of Mormons.\n>\n>\n>=============================\n>Robert Weiss\n>psyrobtw@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu\n--\nRick Anderson  librba@BYUVM.BITNET\n\n',
  u'From: perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry)\nSubject: Re: Is Morality Constant (was Re: Biblical Rape)\nOrganization: Decision Support Inc.\nLines: 87\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bozo.dsinc.com\n\nThis response originally fell into a bit bucket.  I\'m reposting it\njust so Bill doesn\'t think I\'m ignoring him.\n\nIn article <C4w5pv.JxD@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu> bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes:\n>Jim Perry (perry@dsinc.com) wrote:\n>\n>[Some stuff about Biblical morality, though Bill\'s quote of me had little\n> to do with what he goes on to say]\n\nBill,\n\nI\'m sorry to have been busy lately and only just be getting around to\nthis.\n\nApparently you have some fundamental confusions about atheism; I think\nmany of these are well addressed in the famous FAQ.  Your generalisms\nare then misplaced -- atheism needn\'t imply materialism, or the lack\nof an absolute moral system.  However, I do tend to materialism and\ndon\'t believe in absolute morality, so I\'ll answer your questions.\n\n>How then can an atheist judge value? \n\nAn atheist judges value in the same way that a theist does: according\nto a personal understanding of morality.  That I don\'t believe in an\nabsolute one doesn\'t mean that I don\'t have one.  I\'m just explicit,\nas in the line of postings you followed up, that when I express\njudgment on a moral issue I am basing my judgment on my own code\nrather than claiming that it is in some absolute sense good or bad.\nMy moral code is not particular different from that of others around\nme, be they Christians, Muslims, or atheists.  So when I say that I\nobject to genocide, I\'m not expressing anything particularly out of\nline with what my society holds.\n\nIf your were to ask why I think morality exists and has the form it\ndoes, my answer would be mechanistic to your taste -- that a moral\ncode is a prerequisite for a functioning society, and that humanity\nprobably evolved morality as we know it as part of the evolution of\nour ability to exist in large societies, thereby achieving\nconsiderable survival advantages.  You\'d probably say that God just\nmade the rules.  Neither of us can convince the other, but we share a\ncommon understanding about many moral issues.  You think you get it\nfrom your religion, I think I get it (and you get it) from early\nchildhood teaching.\n\n>That you don\'t like what God told people to do says nothing about God\n>or God\'s commands, it says only that there was an electrical event in your\n>nervous system that created an emotional state that your mind coupled\n>with a pre-existing thought-set to form that reaction. \n\nI think you\'ve been reading the wrong sort of comic books, but in\nprying through the gobbledygook I basically agree with what you\'re\nsaying.  I do believe that my mental reactions to stimuli such as "God\ncommanded the genocide of the Canaanites" is mechanistic, but of\ncourse I think that\'s true of you as well.  My reaction has little to\ndo with whether God exists or even with whether I think he does, but\nif a god existed who commanded genocide, I could not consider him\ngood, which is supposedly an attribute of God.\n\n>All of this being so, you have excluded\n>yourself from any discussion of values, right, wrong, goood, evil,\n>etc. and cannot participate. Your opinion about the Bible can have no\n>weight whatsoever.\n\nHmm.  Yes, I think some heavy FAQ-reading would do you some good.  I\nhave as much place discussing values etc. as any other person.  In\nfact, I can actually accomplish something in such a discussion, by\nframing the questions in terms of reason: for instance, it is clear\nthat in an environment where neighboring tribes periodically attempt\nto wipe each other out based on imagined divine commands, then the\nquality of life will be generally poor, so a system that fosters\ncoexistence is superior, if quality of life is an agreed goal.  An\nabsolutist, on the other hand, can only thump those portions of a\nBible they happen to agree with, and say "this is good", even if the\nact in question is unequivocally bad by the standards of everyone in\nthe discussion.  The attempt to define someone or a group of people as\n"excluded from discussion", such that they "cannot participate", and\ntheir opinions given "no weight whatsoever" is the lowest form or\nreasoning (ad hominem/poisoning the well), and presumably the resort\nof someone who can\'t rationally defend their own ideas of right,\nwrong, and the Bible.\n-- \nJim Perry   perry@dsinc.com   Decision Support, Inc., Matthews NC\nThese are my opinions.  For a nominal fee, they can be yours.\n\n-- \nJim Perry   perry@dsinc.com   Decision Support, Inc., Matthews NC\nThese are my opinions.  For a nominal fee, they can be yours.\n',
  u'From: Peter.vanderveen@visser.el.wau.nl  (Peter van der Veen)\nSubject: Re: Fonts in POV??\nLines: 30\nOrganization: Wageningen Agricultural University\nX-Newsreader: FTPNuz (DOS) v1.0\n\nIn Article <1qg9fc$et9@wampyr.cc.uow.edu.au> "g9134255@wampyr.cc.uow.edu.au (Coronado Emmanuel Abad)" says:\n> \n> \n> \tI have seen several ray-traced scenes (from MTV or was it \n> RayShade??) with stroked fonts appearing as objects in the image.\n> The fonts/chars had color, depth and even textures associated with\n> them.  Now I was wondering, is it possible to do the same in POV??\n> \n> \n> Thanks,\n> \n> Noel\n> \nYes, there are serveral programs which can convert font files (eq the Borland\nfonts) to objects consisting of spheres, cones etc. \nI\'ve used a program (forgot its name/place, but i can look for it) which\nconverted these Borland fonts to three different raytracers. Vivid, POV and\nPolyray (which i like more (more flexibel/faster/use of expressions etc).\nThe program has a lot nice features.\nSo if interested give me a mail.\n\n /*---------*\\*/*-------------------------------------------*\\\n *|  ____/|  *|*    PETER.VANDERVEEN@VISSER.EL.WAU.NL       |*\n *|  \\ o.O|  *|*    Department of Genetics                  |*\n *|   =(_)=  *|*    Agricultural University                 |*\n *|     U    *|*    Wageningen, The Netherlands             |*\n \\*---------*/*\\*-------------------------------------------*/\n',
  u'Subject: [rw] Is Robert Weiss the only orthodox Christian?\nFrom: <LIBRBA@BYUVM.BITNET>\nOrganization: Brigham Young University\nLines: 12\n\n\n  Robert, you keep making references to "orthodox" belief, and saying things\nlike "it is held that..." (cf. "Kermit" thread).  On what exact body of\ntheology are you drawing for what you call "orthodox?"  Who is that "holds\nthat" Luke meant what you said he meant?  Whenever your personal interpretation\nof Biblical passages is challenged, your only response seems\nto be that one needs merely to "look at the Bible" in order to see the truth,\nbut what of those who see Biblical things differently from you?  Are we to\nsimply assume that you are the only one who really understands it?\n  Just curious,\n--\nRick Anderson  librba@BYUVM.BITNET\n',
  u'From: osprey@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu (Lucas Adamski)\nSubject: Re: Fast polygon routine needed\nKeywords: polygon, needed\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <7306@pdxgate.UUCP> idr@rigel.cs.pdx.edu (Ian D Romanick) writes:\n>What kind of polygons?  Shaded?  Texturemapped?  Hm?  More comes into play with\n>fast routines than just "polygons".  It would be nice to know exaclty what\n>system (VGA is a start, but what processor?) and a few of the specifics of the\n>implementation.  You need to give  more info if you want to get any answers! :P\n\nI don\'t want texture mapped, cause if I did I\'d asked for them. :)  Just\na simple and fast routine to do filled polygons.  As for the processor, it\'d\nbe for a minimum of a 286... maybe 386 if I can\'t find a good one for 286s.\nIdeally, I want a polyn function that can clip to a user-defined viewport,\nand write to an arbitrary location in memory.  Of course the chances of\nfinding something like that are pretty remote, so I guess I\'d need the source\nwith it.  Oh, and I guess it would need to be in ASM otherwise it\'d be too\nslow.  I\'ve seen some polygon routines in C, and they\'ve all been waaay too\nslow.  Its for a 3D vector graphics program.  I\'ve been hunting high and low\nfor a polyn function in ASM, and I can\'t find one anywhere that I can use.\nI\'ve found one or two polyn functions, but my ASM is pretty bad, so I won\'t\neven try to rewrite them. :)\n\t\t//Lucas.\n',
  u'From: graeme@labtam.labtam.oz.au (Graeme Gill)\nSubject: Re: gamma correction\nOrganization: Labtam Australia Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Australia\nSummary: Here is a FAQ contribution on gamma:\nLines: 184\n\nIn article <1t31meINNrc8@gap.caltech.edu>, madler@cco.caltech.edu (Mark Adler) writes:\n> \n> Can someone who knows what they\'re talking about add a FAQ entry\n> on gamma correction?  Thanks.\n\nI get regular questions about gamma correction since I go to great pains to\ndeal with it properly in xli (the image loader program I maintain).\n\nHere is an explanation I often use to answer these questions.\n\nThis might be suitable for inclusion in the FAQ.\n\n\tGraeme Gill.\n\n###########################################################################\n"A note on gamma correction and images"\n\nAuthor: Graeme W. Gill\n        graeme@labtam.oz.au\n\nDate: 93/5/16\n\n\n"What is all this gamma stuff anyway ?"\n--------------------------------------\n\nAlthough it would be nice to think that "an image is an image",\nthere are a lot of complications. Not only are there a whole bunch of\ndifferent image formats (gif, jpeg, tiff etc etc), there is a whole\nlot of other technical stuff that makes dealing with images a bit\ncomplicated. Gamma is one of those things. If you\'ve ever downloaded\nimages from BBS or the net, you\'ve probably noticed (with most image\nviewing programs) that some images look ok, some look too dark, and some\nlook too light. "Why is this ?" you may ask. This, is gamma correction\n(or the lack of it).\n\nWhy do we need gamma correction at all ?\n--------------------------------------\n\nGamma correction is needed because of the nature of CRTs (cathode\nray tubes - the monitors usually used for viewing images). If you\nhave some sort of real live scene and turn it into a computer\nimage by measuring the amount of light coming from each point of\nthe scene, then you have created a "linear" or un-gamma-corrected\nimage. This is a good thing in many ways because you can manipulate\nthe image as if the values in the image file were light (ie. adding\nand multiplying will work just like real light in the real world).\nNow if you take the image file and turn each pixel value into a voltage\nand feed it into a CRT, you find that the CRT _doesn\'t_ give you\nan amount of light proportional to the voltage. The amount of light\ncoming from the phosphor in the screen depends on the the voltage\nsomething like this:\n\nLight_out = voltage ^ crt_gamma\n\nSo if you just dump your nice linear image out to a CRT, the image\nwill look much too dark. To fix this up you have to "gamma correct"\nthe image first. You need to do the opposite of what the CRT\nwill do to the image, so that things cancel out, and you get\nwhat you want. So you have to do this to your image:\n\ngamma_corrected_image = image ^ (1/crt_gamma)\n\nFor most CRTs, the crt_gamma is somewhere between 1.0 and 3.0.\n\nIf that is all it is, why does it seem so complicated ?\n-----------------------------------------------------\n\nThe problem is that not all display programs do gamma correction.\nAlso not all sources of images give you linear images (Video cameras\nor video signals in general). Because of this, a lot of images\nalready have some gamma correction done to them, and you are \nrarely sure how much. If you try and display one of those images\nwith a program that does gamma correction for you, the image gets\ncorrected twice and looks way to light. If you display one of those\nimages with a program that doesn\'t do gamma correction, then it will\nlook vaguely right, but not perfect, because the gamma correction is\nnot exactly right for you particular CRT.\n\nWhose fault is all this ?\n-----------------------\n\nIt is really three things. One is all those display programs\nout there that don\'t do gamma correction properly. Another is\nthat most image formats don\'t specify a standard gamma, or\ndon\'t have some way or recording what their gamma correction is.\nThe third thing is that not many people understand what gamma\ncorrection is all about, and create a lot of images with varying\ngamma\'s.\n\nAt least two file formats do the right thing.\nThe Utah Graphics Toolkit .rle format has a semi-standard way of recording\nthe gamma of an image. The JFIF file standard (that uses JPEG compression)\nspecifies that the image to be encoded must have a gamma of 1.0 (ie. a\nlinear image - but not everyone obeys the rules).\n\nSome image loaders (for instance xli - an X11 image utility)\nallow you to specify not only the gamma of the monitor you\nare using, but the individual gamma values of image you are trying to\nview. Other image viewers (eg. xv another X11 image program) and\nutilities (eg. the pbm toolkit) provide ways of changing the gamma\nof an image, but you have to figure out the overall gamma correction\nyourself, allowing for undoing any gamma correction the image has,\nand then the gamma correction you need to suite your CRT monitor.\n\n[ Note that xv 2.21 doesn\'t provide an easy way of modifying the\ngamma of an image. You need to adjust the R, G and B curves to the\nappropriate gamma in the ColEdit controls. Altering the Intensity\nin the HSV controls doesn\'t do the right thing, as it fails to\ntake account of the effect gamma has on H and S. This tends\nto give a tint to the image. ]\n\nHow can I figure out what my viewer does, or what gamma my screen has ?\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe simplest way to do that is to try loading the file chkgamma.jpg\n(provided with xli distribution), which is a JFIF jpeg format file\ncontaining two grayscale ramps. The ramps are chosen to look linear\nto the human eye, one using continuous tones, and the other using\ndithering.  If your viewer does the right thing and gamma corrects\nimages, then the two ramps should look symmetrical, and the point\nat which they look equally bright should be almost exactly half\nway from the top to the bottom. (To find this point it helps if\nyou move away a little from the screen, and de-focus your eyes a\nbit.)\n\nIf your viewer doesn\'t do gamma correction, then left hand ramp will have\na long dark part and a short white part, and the point of equal brightness\nwill be above the center.\n\nIf your viewer does have a way of setting the right amount of gamma correction\nfor a display, then if the equal brightness point is above center increase the\ngamma, and decrease it if it is below the center. The value will usually be\naround 2.2 \n\n[with xli for instance, you can adjust the display gamma with the\n-dispgamma flag, and once you\'ve got it right, you can set the DISPLAY_GAMMA\nenvironment variable in your .profile]\n\nHow do I figure out what the gamma of an image is ?\n-------------------------------------------------\n\nThis is the most tricky bit. As a general rule it seems that a lot of\ntrue color (ie. 24 bit, .ppm .jpg) images have a gamma of\n1.0 (linear), although there are many about that have some gamma\ncorrection. It seems that the majority of pseudo color images\n(ie. 8 bit images with color maps - .gif etc.) are gamma corrected\nto some degree or other.\n\nIf your viewer does gamma correction then linear images will\nlook good, and gamma corrected images will look too light.\n\nIf your viewer doesn\'t do gamma correction, then linear images will\nlook too dark, and gamma corrected images will ok.\n\nWhy Linear images are sometimes not such a good thing\n-----------------------------------------------------\n\nOne of the reason that many high quality formats (such as\nVideo) use gamma correction is that it actually makes better\nuse of the storage medium. This is because the human\neye has a logarithmic response to light, and gamma correction\nhas a similar compression characteristic. This means images \ncould make better use of 8 bits per color (for instance),\nif they used gamma correction. The implication though, is that\nevery time you want to do any image processing you should\nconvert the 8 bit image to 12 or so linear bits to retain\nthe same accuracy. Since little popular software does this, and\nnone of the popular image formats can agree on a standard\ngamma correction factor, it is difficult to justify gamma corrected\nimages at the popular level.\n\nIf some image formats can standardize on a particular gamma,\nand if image manipulation software takes care to use\nextra precision when dealing with linearized internal data,\nthen gamma corrected distribution of images would be a good thing.\n\n(I am told that the Kodak PhotoCD format for instance, has a\nstandard gamma correction factor that enables it to get the\nhighest quality out of the bits used to hold the image).\n\n###########################################################################\n\n\n',
  u'From: agae@palm.lle.rochester.edu (Andres C. Gaeris)\nSubject: Re: Orion drive in vacuum -- how?\nReply-To: agae@palm.lle.rochester.edu (Andres C. Gaeris)\nOrganization: UofR Laboratory for Laser Energetics\nLines: 17\nNntp-Posting-Host: palm.lle.rochester.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.164655.11048@head-cfa.harvard.edu>, willner@head-cfa.harvard.edu (Steve Willner) writes:\n> \n> The NASM photo archives are open to the public.  All (or almost all)\n> still pictures in the collection are available for viewing, but I\n> don\'t know about films.  At least it might be worth a try.  I\'m not\n> sure if appointments are necessary, but I think not.\n>\nIs posible to make copies of these photographs (or any other aerospace\nphotographs at NASM) if you pay a copyright fee?\n\n===============================================================================\nAndres C. Gaeris\t   || "Living example of the application of Newton\'s\nJunior laser fusioneer\t   ||  Zeroth Law:\nagae@lle.rochester.edu\t   ||  `Every body in rest wants to remain in bed\'"\n===============================================================================\n\n \n',
  u'From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Re: France spied on by the U.S.\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 5\nDistribution: sci\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\nYou mena in the same way french intelliegence agents steal\ndocuments from US corporate executives?\n\npat\n',
  u'From: brian@quake.sylmar.ca.us\nSubject: Re: U.S. Government and Science and Technolgy Investment\nOrganization: Quake Public Access, San Fernando Valley, CA (818)362-6092\nLines: 46\n\nIn article <pgf.737329707@srl03.cacs.usl.edu> pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering) writes:\n>mccolm@darwin.math.usf.edu. (Gregory McColm) writes:\n>>In article <C6z3sw.1As@rice.edu> conor@owlnet.rice.edu (Conor Frederick Prischmann) writes:\n>>>In article <1srfii$79k@suntan.eng.usf.edu> mccolm@darwin.math.usf.edu. (Gregory McColm) writes:\n\n>>>Huh?  Please state your criteria for selecting the "greatest philosopher"\n>>>title.  P.S. Ever read any Nietzsche?\n\n>>Greatest = most likely to be remembered five hundred years hence.\n>>I must admit that that makes many of my personal favorites not \n>>that great.  I make no comment on Nietzche except to remark that \n>>he was no Immanuel Kant.  Interpret that cryptic remark as you \n>>please.\n\n>Some people have appended that remark, that Nietzche was no Kant,\n>with "thankfully." I haven\'t read enough of either to comment, although\n>everyone tells me I should read Nietzche.\n\nI would have to say that the "greatest philosopher" title would have to\ngo to Plato since the whole enterprise of philosophy was essentially\ndefined by him.  Although he got most of his answers wrong, he did \ndefinitively identify what the important questions are.  I think it\nwas Descartes who said that "All philosophy is just a footnote to Plato."\n\nIf I were to choose which philosopher made the most important advances\nin human knowledge over his lifetime, that\'s simple...it is Aristotle.\nThis is so much the case that many simply refer to him as "the philosopher".\n\nRegarding Nietzsche, he\'s one of the most entertaining, although since his\nideas were so fragmented (and since his life was cut short) it is doubtful\nthat his influence as a philosopher is likely to be very extensive 500 years\nfrom now.  They\'ll probably still be reading him in 500 years though.\n\nAs for "modern" philosophers, I would have to say that Kant was the most\ninfluential since he had such a strong influence on almost everyone who\ncame after him (and unfortunately, they maintained his errors and \namplified them over time).\n\nI would say that the most influential "american" philosopher would have to\nbe Dewey.\n\nBut as to the question of what philosopher will be most highly regarded in\n500 years, it may very well be Ayn Rand (who in every important respect\nwas "American", but was born in Russia).  But I guess that remains to be seen.\n\n--Brian\n',
  u'From: emarsh@hernes-sun.Eng.Sun.COM (Eric Marsh)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Sun\nLines: 27\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hernes-sun\n\nIn article <C5HqxJ.JDG@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu> lis450bw@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (lis450 Student) writes:\n>Hmmmm.  Define objective morality.  Well, depends upon who you talk to.\n>Some say it means you can\'t have your hair over your ears, and others say\n>it means Stryper is acceptable.  _I_ would say that general principles\n>of objective morality would be listed in one or two places.\n\n>Ten Commandments\n\n>Sayings of Jesus\n\n>the first depends on whether you trust the Bible, \n\n>the second depends on both whether you think Jesus is God, and whether\n>  you think we have accurate copies of the NT.\n\nGong!\n\nTake a moment and look at what you just wrote. First you defined\nan "objective" morality and then you qualified this "objective" morality\nwith subjective justifications. Do you see the error in this?\n\nSorry, you have just disqualified yourself, but please play again.\n\n>MAC\n>\n\neric\n',
  u"From: schmidt@PrakInf.TH-Ilmenau.DE (Schmidt)\nSubject: Re: POV file constructor for Unix/X11\nNntp-Posting-Host: merkur.prakinf.tu-ilmenau.de\nReply-To: schmidt@PrakInf.TH-Ilmenau.DE (Schmidt)\nOrganization: Technische Hochschule Ilmenau\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <1r7hl1$csc@st-james.comp.vuw.ac.nz>, Craig.Humphrey@comp.vuw.ac.nz (chumphre) writes:\n|> \n|> Hi, I'm just getting into PoVRay and I was wondering if there is a graphic\n|> package that outputs .POV files.  Any help would be appreciated.\n|> Thanks.\n|> \n\nA very good modeling package I found is `irit' (look for irit.tar.Z).\nHowever there is no converter from it's format to POV format. I postet \na request for such a converter in this group but got no response,\nso I'm considering to write such a program myself.\n\n\n-- \nSebastian Schmidt\t\t\t\nTU Ilmenau Institut f. praktische Informatik \n\n",
  u'From: nfotis@ntua.gr (Nick C. Fotis)\nSubject: (17 Apr 93) Computer Graphics Resource Listing : WEEKLY [part 2/3]\nLines: 1023\nReply-To: nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr (Nick (Nikolaos) Fotis)\nOrganization: National Technical Univ. of Athens\n\nArchive-name: graphics/resources-list/part2\nLast-modified: 1993/04/17\n\n\nComputer Graphics Resource Listing : WEEKLY POSTING [ PART 2/3 ]\n===================================================\nLast Change : 17 April 1993\n\n\n14. Plotting packages\n=====================\n\nGnuplot 3.2\n-----------\n  It is one of the best 2- and 3-D plotting packages, with\n  online help.It\'s a command-line driven interactive function plotting utility\n  for UNIX, MSDOS, Amiga, Archimedes, and VMS platforms (at least!).\n  Freely distributed, it supports many terminals, plotters, and printers\n  and is easily extensible to include new devices.\n  It was posted to comp.sources.misc in version 3.0, plus 2 patches.\n  You can practically find it everywhere (use Archie to find a site near you!).\n  The comp.graphics.gnuplot newsgroup is devoted to discussion of Gnuplot.\n\nXvgr and Xmgr (ACE/gr)\n-----------------------\n  Xmgr is an XY-plotting tool for UNIX workstations using\n  X or OpenWindows. There is an XView version called xvgr for\n  Suns. Collectively, these 2 tools are known as ACE/gr.\n  Compiling xmgr requires the Motif toolkit version 1.1\n  and X11R4 - xmgr will not compile under X11R3/Motif 1.0x.\n\n  Check at ftp.ccalmr.ogi.edu [129.95.72.34} in\n  /CCALMR/pub/acegr/xmgr-2.09.tar.Z (Motif version)\n  /CCALMR/pub/acegr/xvgr-2.09.tar.Z (XView version)\n\n  Comments, suggestions, bug reports to Paul J Turner\n  <pturner@amb4.ese.ogi.edu> (if mail fails, try pturner@ese.ogi.edu).\n  Due to time constraints, replies will be few and far between.\n\nRobot\n-----\n  Release 0.45 : 2-D and limited 3-D. Based on XView 3, written\n  in C / Fortran (so you need a Fortran compiler or the f2c translator).\n  Mainly tested on Sun4, less on DECstations. Check at\n  ftp.astro.psu.edu (128.118.147.28),  pub/astrod.\n\nVG plotting library\n-------------------\n  This is a library of Fortran callable routines at sunspot.ceee.nist.gov\n  [129.6.64.151]\n\nXgobi\n-----\n  It\'s being developed at Bellcore, and its speciality are\n  multidimensional data sets analysis and exploration. You can call it\n  from the S language also, and it works as an X11 client using the Athena\n  widget set (or with an ASCII terminal). It\'s distributed free of charge\n  from STATLIB at CMU.\n  To get it via e-mail, send email to statlib@temper.stat.cmu.edu and\n  in the body area of the message, put the line\n\n  send xgobi from general\n\n  If you want to pick it via ftp, connect to lib.stat.cmu.edu. Log in as\n  "statlib" and use your e-mail address as your password. Then type\n\n  cd general\n  mget xgobi.*\n\n  Warning: It\'s about 2 MB sources + large Postscript manual. Read the\n  relevant README to decide whether you need it or not.\n\nPGPLOT\n------\n  Runs on VAX/VMS and supposedly on UNIX. It\'s a set of fortran routines freely\n  available (though copyrighted and requiring a nominal fee of $50 or so)\n  that includes contour plots and support for various devices, including ps.\n  Contact tjp@deimos.caltech.edu\n\nGGRAPH\n------\n  Host shorty.cs.wisc.edu [128.105.2.8] : /pub/ggraph.tar.Z\n  Unknown more details.\n\nepiGRAPH\n--------\n  For PCs. Call dvj@lab2.phys.lgu.spb.su (Vladimir J. Dmitriev) for details.\n  You can get the program demo or (and) play version, if sent 10 $ to\n\n        1251 Budapest posta fiok 60\n        Hungary\n        ph/fax 1753696  Budapest\n        ph     2017760\n\nMultiplot XLN\n-------------\n  For Amigas, shareware ($30 USD, #20 UK or $40 Aust.). Advanced 2D package\n  that has a big list of features. Contact:\n\n  Dr. Alan Baxter <agb16@mbuc.bio.cam.ac.uk>,\n  Cambridge University\n  Department of Pathology,\n  Tennis Court Road,\n  Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK\n\n\n+Athena Plotter Widget set\n+-------------------------\n+  \n+  This version V6.0 is based on Gregory Bond\'s version V5-beta. Added\n+  some stuff for scientific graphs, i.e. log axes, free scalable axes,\n+  XY-lineplots and some more, and re-added plotter callbacks from V4, e.g.\n+  to request the current pointer position, or to cut off a rectangle from the\n+  plotting area for zooming-in. Version V6.0 has a log of bugs fixed and a\n+  log of improvements against V6-beta. Additionally I did some other\n+  changes/extensions, besides \n+  \n+      -     Origin and frame lines for axes.\n+      -     Subgrid lines on subtic positions.\n+      -     Line plots in different line types (lines, points, lines+points,\n+       impulses, lines+impulses, steps, bars), line styles (solid, dotted,\n+       dashed, dot-dashed) and marker types for data points.\n+      -     Legend at the right or left hand side of the plot.\n+      -     Optional drawing to a pixmap instead of a window.\n+      -     Layout callback for aligning axis positions when using\n+       multiple plotters in one application.\n+  \n+  Available at export.lcs.mit.edu, directory contrib/plotter\n+\n+SciPlot\n+-------\n+  SciPlot is a scientific 2D plotting and manipulation program. \n+  For the NeXT (requires NeXTStep 3.0), and it\'s shareware.\n+\n+  Features:\n+  ASCII import and export;  EPS export; copy, cut, paste with data buffer;\n+  free number of data points, data buffer, and document window;\n+  selective open and save ; plotting in many styles; automatic legend;\n+  subviews; linear and logarithmic axes; two different axes; text and graphic;\n+  color support; zoom; normalizing and moving; axis conversions;\n+  free hand data manipulations (cut, edit, move, etc.); data editor; sorting\n+  of data; absolute,relative, and free defined error bars;\n+  calculating with buffers (+, -, *, / ); background subtractions\n+  (linear,shirley,tougaard, bezier); integration and relative integration;\n+  fitting of one or more free defined functions; linear regression;\n+  calculations (+, -, *, /, sin, cos, log, etc.); function generator;\n+  spline interpolation; least square smooth and FFT smooth; differentiation;\n+  FFT; ESCA calculations and database; .. and something more \n+\n+  You can find it on:\n+  ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de [130.149.17.7] : /pub/NeXT/science/SciPlot3.1.tar.Z\n+\n+  Author:\n+  Michael Wesemann\n+  Scillerstr. 73,1000 Berlin 12, Germany   \n+  mike@fiasko.rz-berlin.mpg.de\n+\n+PLPLOT\n+------\n+  PLPLOT is a scientific plotting package for many systems, small (micro)\n+  and large (super) alike.  Despite its small size and quickness,\n+  it has enough power to satisfy most users, including:\n+  standard x-y plots, semilog plots, log-log plots, contour plots, 3D plots,\n+  mesh plots, bar charts and pie charts.  Multiple graphs (of the same or\n+  different sizes) may be placed on a single page with multiple lines in each\n+  graph.  Different line styles, widths and colors are supported.  A virtually\n+  infinite number of distinct area fill patterns may be used.  There are\n+  almost 1000 characters in the extended character set.  This includes four\n+  different fonts, the Greek alphabet and a host of mathematical, musical, and\n+  other symbols.  The fonts can be scaled to any size for various effects.\n+  Many different output device drivers are available (system dependent),\n+  including a portable metafile format and renderer.\n+  \n+  Freely available (but copyrighted) via anonymous FTP on\n+  hagar.ph.utexas.edu, directory pub/plplot\n+  \n+  At present (v. 4.13), PLPLOT is known to work on the following systems:\n+  \n+  Unix:   SunOS, A/IX, HP-UX, Unicos, DG/UX, Ultrix\n+  Other platforms: VMS, Amiga/Exec, MS-DOS, OS/2, NeXT\n+  \n+  Authors: Many. The main supporters are:\n+  \n+  Maurice LeBrun <mjl@fusion.ph.utexas.edu>: PLPLOT kernel and the metafile,\n+     xterm, xwindow, tektronix, and Amiga drivers.\n+  Geoff Furnish <furnish@fusion.ph.utexas.edu>: MS-DOS and OS/2 drivers\n+  Tony Richardson <amr@egr.duke.edu>: PLPLOT on the NeXT\n+\n+SuperMongo\n+----------\n+  2-D plotting package at CMU, filename ~re00/tmp/SM.2.1.0.tar.Z\n+  (probably under the ftp.cmu.edu or andrew.cmu.edu machines?)\n+\n+GLE\n+---\n+  GLE is a high quality graphics package for scientists.  It runs on a\n+  variety of platforms (PCs, VAXes, and Unix) with drivers for XWindows,\n+  REGIS, TEK4010, PC graphics cards, VT100s, HP plotters, Postscript\n+  printers, Epson-compatible printers and Laserjet/Paintjet printers.  It\n+  provides LaTEX quality fonts, as well as full support for Postscript\n+  fonts.  The graphing module provides full control over all features of\n+  graphs.  The graphics primitives include user-defined subroutines for\n+  complex pictures and diagrams.\n+\n+  Accompanying utilities include Surface (for hidden line surface\n+  plotting), Contour (for contour plots), Manip (for manipulation of\n+  columnar data files), and Fitls (for fitting arbitrary equations to\n+  data).\n+\n+  Mailing list: GLEList. Send a message to\n+\n+  listserver@tbone.biol.scarolina.edu, with a message boyd containing\n+\n+  sub glelist "Your Name"\n+  \n+ maintainer: Dean Pentcheff <dean2@tbone.biol.scarolina.edu>\n\n==========================================================================\n\n15. Image analysis software - Image processing and display\n==========================================================\n\nPC and Mac-based tools (multi-platform software)\n======================\n\nIMDISP\n------\n  IMDISP Written at JPL and other NASA sites. Can do simple display,\n  enhancing, smoothing and so on. Works with the FITS and VICAR/PDS\n  data formats of NASA. Can read TIFF images, if you know their dimensions\n  [PC and Macs]\n\nLabVIEW 2\n---------\n  LabVIEW is used as a framework for image processing tools. It provides a\n  graphical programming environment using block diagram sketch is the\n  "program" with graphical elements representing the programming elements.\n  Hundreds of functions are already available and are connected using a\n  wiring tool to create the block diagram (program).  Functions that the\n  block diagrams represent include digital signal processing and\n  filtering, numerical analysis, statistics, etc.  The tool allows any\n  Virtual Instrument (VI, a software file that looks and acts like a real\n  laboratory instrument) to be used as a part of any other virtual\n  instrument.\n\n  National Instruments markets plug-in digital signal processing (DSP)\n  boards for Macintoshs and PC compatables that allow real-time\n  acquisition and analysis at a personal computer.  New software tools for\n  DSP are allowing engineers to harness the power of this technology. The\n  tools range from low-level debugging software to high-level block\n  diagram development software.  There are three levels of DSP programming\n  associated with the NB-DSP2300 board and LabVIEW:\n  Use of the NB-DSP2300 Analysis Library: FFTs, power spectra, filters\n  routines callable from THINK C and Macintosh Programers Workshop (MPW) C\n  that execute on the NB-DSP2300 board. There is an analysis Virtual\n  Interface Library of ready-to-use VIs optimized for the NB-DSP2300.\n\n  Use of the National Instruments Developers Toolkit that includes an\n  optimizing C compiler, an assembler and a linker for low-level\n  programming of the DSP hardware.  This approach offers the highest level\n  of performance but is the must difficult in terms of ease of use.\n\n  Use of the National Instruments Interface Kit software package which has\n  utility functions for memory management data communications and\n  downloading code to the NB-DSP2300 board. (This is the easiest route for\n  the development of custom code.)\n\nUltimage Concept VI\n-------------------\n  Concept VI  by Graftek-France is a family of image processing Virtual\n  Instruments (VIs) that give LabVIEW 2 (described above) users high-end\n  tools for designing, integrating and monitoring imaging control systems.\n  A VI is a software file that looks and acts like a real laboratory\n  instrument. Typical applications for Concept VI include thermography,\n  surveillance, machine vision, production testing, biomedical imaging,\n  electronic microscopy and remote sensing.\n\n  Ultimage Concept VI addresses applications which require further\n  qualitative and quantitative analysis.  It includes a complete set of\n  functions for image enhancement, histogram equalization, spatial and\n  frequency filtering, isolation of features, thresholding, mathematical\n  morphology analysis, density measurement, object counting, sizing and\n  characterization.\n\n  The program loads images with a minimum resolution of 64 by 64, a pixel\n  depth of 8, 16, or 32 bits, and one image plane.  Standard input and\n  output formats include PICT, TIFF, SATIE, and AIPD.  Other formats can\n  be imported.\n\n  Image enhancement features include lookup table transformations, spatial\n  linear and non-linear filters, frequency filtering, arithmetic and logic\n  operations, and geometric transformations, among others.  Morphological\n  transformations include erosion, dilation, opening, closing, hole\n  removal, object separation, and extraction of skeletons, among others.\n  Quantitative analysis provides for objects\' detection, measurement, and\n  morphological distribution.  Measures include area, perimeter, center of\n  gravity, moment of inertia, orientation, length of relevant chords, and\n  shape factors and equivalence.  Measures are saved in ASCII format.  The\n  program also provides for macro scripting and integration of custom\n  modules.\n\n  A 3-D view command plots a perspective data graph where image intensity\n  is depicted as mountains or valleys in the plot.  The histogram tool can\n  be plotted with either a linear or logarithmic scale. The twenty-eight\n  arithmetic and logical operations provide for: masking and averaging\n  sections of images, noise removal, making comparisons, etc.  There are\n  13 spatial filters that alter pixel intensities based on local\n  intensity.  These include high-pass filters for contrast and outlines.\n  The frequency data resulting from FFT analysis can be displayed as\n  either the (real , imaginary ) components or the (phase, magnitude)\n  data.  The morphological transformations are useful for data sharpening\n  and defining objects or for removing artifacts.\n\n  The transformations include: thresholding, eroding, dilating and even\n  hole filling.\n\n  The program\'s quantitative analysis measurements include: area,\n  perimeter, center of mass, object counts, and angle between points.\n\n  GTFS, Inc. 2455 Bennett Valley Road #100C Santa Rosa, CA 95494\n  707-579-1733\n\nIPLab Spectrum\n--------------\n  IPLAB Spectrum supports image processing and analysis but lacks the\n  morphology and quantitative analysis features provided by\n  Graftek-FranceUs Ultimage Concept VI.  Using scripting tools, the user\n  tells the system the operations to be performed. The problem is that far\n  too many basic operations require manual intervention. The tool\n  supports: FFTs, 16 arithmetic operations for pixel alteration, and a\n  movie command for cycling through windows.\n\n\nMacintosh-based tools\n=====================\n\nNCSA Image, NCSA PalEdit and more\n---------------------------------\n  NCSA provides a whole suite of public-domain visualization tools for the\n  Macintosh, primarily aimed at researchers wanting to visualize results\n  from numerical modelling calculations.  These applications,\n  documentation, and source code are available for anonymous ftp from\n  ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu. Commercial versions of the NCSA programs have been\n  developed by Spyglass.\n\n  Spyglass, Inc. 701 Devonshire Drive Champaign, IL  61820 (217) 355-6000\n  fax: 217 355 8925\n\nNIH IMAGE\n---------\n  Available at alw.nih.gov (128.231.128.7) or (preferably)\n  zippy.nimh.nih.gov [128.231.98.32], directory:/pub/image.\n  It has painting and image manipulation tools, a macro language,\n  tools for measuring areas, distances and angles, and for counting\n  things. Using a frame grabber card, it can record sequences of\n  images to be played back as a movie. It can invoke user-defined\n  convolution matrix filters, such as Gaussian. It can import raw\n  data in tab-delimited ASCII, or as 1 or 2-byte quantities. It also\n  does histograms and even 3-D plots. It is limited to 8-bits/pixel,\n  though the 8 bits map into a color lookup table. It runs on any Mac\n  that has a 256-color screen and a FPU (or get the NonFPU version\n  from zippy.nimh.nih.gov)\n\nPhotoMac\n--------\n  Data Translation, Inc. 100 Locke Dr. Marlboro, MA 01752 508-481-3700\n\nPhotoPress\n----------\n  Blue Solutions 3039 Marigold Place Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 805-492-9973\n\nPixelTools and TCL-Image\n------------------------\n  "Complete family of PixelTools (hardware accelerator and applications\n  software) for scientific image processing and analysis.  Video-rate\n  capture, display, processing, and analysis of high-resolution\n  monochromatic and color images.  Includes C source code."\n\nTCL-Image:\n  "Software package for scientific, quantitative image processing and\n  analysis. It provides a complete language for the capture, enhancement,\n  and extraction of quantitative information from gray-scale images.\n  TCL_Image has over 200 functions for image processing, and contains the\n  other elements needed in a full programming language for algorithm\n  development -- variables and control structures.  It is easily\n  extensible through "script" (or indirect command) files. These script\n  files are simply text files that contain TCL-Image commands.  They are\n  executed as normal commands and include the ability to pass parameters.\n  The direct capture of video images is supported via popular frame\n  grabber boards.  TCL-Image comes with the I-View utility that provides\n  conversion between common image file types, such as PICT2 and TIFF."\n\n  Perceptics 725 Pellissippi Parkway Knoxville, TN 37933 615-966-9200\n\nSatellite Image Workshop\n------------------------\n  It comes with a number of satellite pictures (raw data) and does all\n  sorts of image enhancing on it. You\'ll need at least a Mac II with co-\n  processor; a 256 color display and a large harddisk. The program doesn\'t\n  run under system 7.x.ATE1 V1\n\n  In the documentation the contact address is given as:  Liz Smith, Jet\n  Propulsion Laboratory, MS 300-323, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,.Pasadena, CA 91109\n  (818) 354-6980\n\nVisualization Workbench\n-----------------------\n  "An electronic imaging software system that performs interactive image\n  analysis and scientific 2D and 3D plotting."\n\n  Paragon Imagine 171 Lincoln St. Lowell, MA 01852 508-441-2112\n\nAdobe Photoshop\n---------------\n\n  The tool supports Rtrue colorS with 24-bit images or 256 levels of grey\n  scale.  Once an image has been imported it can be Rre-touchedS with\n  various editing tools typical of those used in Macintosh-based RpaintS\n  applications.  These include an eraser, pencil, brush and air brush.\n  Advanced RpasteS tools that control the interaction between a pasted\n  selection and the receiving site have also been incorporated.  For\n  example, all red pixels in a selection can easily be preventing from\n  being pasted. Photoshop has transparencies ranging from 0 to 100%,\n  allowing you to create ghost overlays.  RPhoto-editingS tools include\n  control of the brightness and contrast, color balancing, hue/saturation\n  modification and spectrum equalization.  Images can be subjected to\n  various signal processing algorithms to smooth or sharpen the image,\n  blur edges, or locate edges.  Image scaling is also supported.\n\n  For storage savings, the images can be compressed using standard\n  algorithms, including externally supplied compression such as JPEG,\n  availlable from Storm Technologies. The latest version of Adobe\n  Photoshop supports the import of numerous image formats including: EPSF,\n  EPSF, TIFF, PICT resource, Amiga IFF/ILBM, CompuServe GIF, MacPaint,\n  PIXAR, PixelPaint, Scitex CT, TGA and ThunderScan..\n\n  Adobe Systems, Inc. 1585 Charlestown Road PO Box 7900 Mountain View, CA\n  94039-7900 415-961-4400\n\nColorStudio and ImageStudio\n---------------------------\n  ColorStudio is an image-editing and paint package from Letraset that has\n  more features than Adobe Photoshop but is decidedly more complex and\n  therefore more difficult to use.  Several steps are often required to\n  accomplish that which can be done in a single step using Photoshop.  The\n  application requires a great deal of available disk space as one can\n  easily end up with images in the 30 MB range.  The program provides a\n  variety of powerful selection tools including the "auto selection tool"\n  which lets the user choose image areas on the basis of color, close\n  hues, color range and mask.\n\nImageStudio: Don\'t know...\n\n  Letraset USA 40 Eisenhower Drive Paramus, NJ 07653 201-845-6100\n\nDapple Systems\n--------------\n  "High resolution image analysis software provides processing tools to\n  work with multiple images, enhance and edit, and measure a variety of\n  global or feature parameters, and interpret the data."\n\n  Dapple Systems, 355 W. Olive Ave, #100 Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-733-3283\n\nDigital Darkroom\n----------------\n  The latest release of Digital Darkroom has five new selection and\n  editing tools for enhancing images. One such feature allows the user to\n  select part of an image simply by "painting" it. A new polyline\n  selection tool creates a selection tool for single pixel wide\n  selections.  A brush lets the operator "paint" with a selected portion\n  of the image. Note that this is not a true color image enhancement tool.\n  This tool should be used when the user intends to operate in grey-scale\n  images only.  It should be noted that Digital Darkroom is not as\n  powerful as either Adobe Photoshop or ColorStudio.\n\n  Silicon Beach Software 9770 Carroll Ctr. Rd., Suite J San Diego, CA\n  92126 619-695-6956\n\nDimple\n------\n  It  is compatible with system 6.05 and system 7.0 , requires Mac LC or\n  II series with 256 colours, with a recommended min of 6Mb of ram. It has\n  the capability of reading Erdas files. Functions include; image\n  enhancement, 3D and contour plots, image statistics, supervised and\n  unsupervised classification, PCA and other image transformations. There\n  is also a means (Image Operation Language or IOL) by which you can write\n  your own transformations. There is no image rectification, however\n  Dimple is compatable with MAPII. The latest version is 1.4 and it is in\n  the beta stage of testing. Dimple was initially developed as a teaching\n  tool and it is very good for this purpose."\n\n  "Dimple  runs on a colour Macintosh.  It is a product still in its\n  development phase.. i.e. it doesn\'t have all the inbuilt features of\n  other packages, but is coming along nicely.  It has its own inbuilt\n  language for writing "programs" for processing an image, defining\n  convolution filters etc. Dimple is a full mac application with pull down\n  menus etc... It is unprotected software."\n\n  Process Software Solutions, PO Box 2110, Wollongong, New South Wales,\n  Australia. 2500. Phone 61 42 261757  Fax 61 42 264190.\n\nEnhance\n-------\n  Enhance has a RrulerS tool that supports measurements and additionally\n  provides angle data. The tool has over 80 mathematical filter\n  variations: "Laplacian, medium noise filter", etc.  Files can be saved\n  as either TIFF, PICT, EPSF or text (however EPSF files can\'t be imported).\n\n  MicroFrontier 7650 Hickman Road Des Moines, IA  50322 515-270-8109\n\nImage Analyst\n-------------\n  An image processing product for users who need to extract quantitative\n  data from video images.  Image Analyst lets users configure\n  sophisticated image processing and measurement routines without the\n  necessity of knowing a programming language.  It is designed for such\n  tasks at computing number and size of cells in images projected by video\n  cameras attached to microscopes, or enhancing and measuring distances in\n  radiographs.\n\n  Image Analyst provides users with an array of field-proven video\n  analysis techniques that enable them to easily assemble a sequence of\n  instructions to enhance feature appearance; count objects; determine\n  density, shape, size, position, or movement; perform object feature\n  extraction; and conduct textural analysis automatically.  Image Analyst\n  works with either a framegrabber board and any standard video camera, or\n  a disk-stored image.\n\n  Within minutes, without the need for programming, the Image Analyst user\n  can set up a process to identify and analyze any element of a image.\n  Measurements and statistics can be automatically or semi-automatically\n  generated from TIFF or PICT files or from captured video tape images.\n  Image Analyst recognizes items in images based on their size, shape and\n  position.  The tool provides direct support for the Data Translation and\n  Scion frame grabbers. A menu command allows for image capture from a VCR\n  video camera or other NTSC or PAL devices.\n\n  There are 2 types of files, the image itself and the related Sequence\n  file that holds the processing, measurements and analysis that the user\n  defines.  Automated sequences are set up in Regions Of Interest (ROI)\n  represented by movable, sizable boxes atop the image.  Inside a ROI, the\n  program can find the distance between two edges, the area of a shape,\n  the thickness of a wall, etc.  Image Analyst finds the center, edge and\n  other positions automatically. The application also provides tools so\n  that the user can work interactively to find the edge of object. It also\n  supports histograms and a color look-up table (CLUT) tool.\n\n  Automatix, Inc. 775 Middlesex Turnpike Billerica, MA 01821 508-667-7900\n\nIPLab\n-----\n  Signal Analytics Corp. 374 Maple Ave. E Vienna, VA  22180 703-281-3277\n  FAX 703-281-2509\n\n  "Menu-driven image processing software that supports 24-bit color or\n  pseudocolor/grayscale image display and manipulation."\n\nMAP II\n------\n  Among the Mac GIS systems, MAP II distributed by John Wiley has\n  integrated image analysis.\n\nIMAGE\n-----\n  from Stanford : Try anonymous ftp from sumex-aim.stanford.edu\n  It has pd source for image v2, and ready to run code for a mac under\n  image v3.\n\n\n\nWindows/DOS PC-based tools\n==========================\n\nCCD\n---\n  Richard Berry\'s CCD imaging book for Willamon-Bell contains (optional?)\n  disks with image manipulating software.  Source code is included.\n\nERDAS\n-----\n  "ERDAS will do all of the things you want:  rectification,\n  classification, transformations (canned & user-defined), overlays,\n  filters, contrast enhancement, etc. ... I was using it on my thesis &\n  then changed the topic a bit & that work became secondary."\n\n  ERDAS, Inc. 2801 Buford Highway Suite 300 Atlanta, GA 30329 404-248-9000\n  FAX   404-248-9400\n\nRSVGA\n-----\n  "I have been getting up to speed on a program called RSVGA available from\n  Eidetic Digital Image Ltd. in British Columbia.  Its for IBM PC\'s or\n  clones, cheap (about $400) and does all the stuff Erdas does but is not\n  as fast or as powerful, though I have had only limited experience with\n  Erdas.  I have used RSVGA with 6 of 7 Landsat bands and it is a good\n  starter program except for the obtuse manual"\n\nIMAGINE-32\n----------\n  It\'s a 32 bit package [I suppose for PCs] called "Imagine32"\n  or "Image32" The program does a modest amount of image processing --add,\n  subtract, multiply, divide, display, and plot an x or y cut across the image.\n  It can also display a number of images simultaneously.\n  The company is CompuScope, in Santa Barbara, CA. \n\nPC Vista\n--------\n  It was announced in the 1989 August edition of PASP.  It is known to\n  be available from Mike Richmond, whose email addresses have been\n\n\trichmond@bllac.berkeley.edu\n\trichmond@bkyast.berkeley.edu\n\n  and his s-mail address is:\n\n  Michael Richmond,Astronomy Department, Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720\n\n  The latest version of PC-Vista, version 1.7, includes not only the source\n  code and help files, but also a complete set of executable programs and\n  a number of sample FITS images. If you do wish to use the source code,\n  you will need Microsoft C, version 5.0 or later; other compilers may work,\n  but will require substantial modifications.\n\n  To receive the documentation and nine double-density (360K) floppies\n  (or three quad-density 3-1/2 inch floppies (1.44M) with everything on them,\n  just send a request for PC-Vista, together with your name and a US-Mail\n  address, to \n\n\tOffice of Technology Licensing\n\t2150 Shattuck Ave., Suite 510\n\tBerkeley, Ca. 94704\n\n  Include a check (Traveller\'s Checks are fine) or purchase order for $150.00\n  in U.S. dollars, if your address is inside the continental U.S., or $165.00\n  otherwise, made out to Regents of the University of California\n  to cover duplication and mailing costs.\n\n\nSOFTWARE TOOLS\n--------------\n  It\'s a set of software "tools" put out by Canyon State\n  Systems and Software. They are not free, but rather cheap at about $30 I\n  heard. It will handle most all of the formats used by frame grabber\n  software. \n\nMIRAGE\n------\n  It\'s image processing software written by Jim Gunn at the\n  Astrophysics Dept at Princeton. It will run on a PC among other platforms.\n  It is a Forth based system - i.e. a Forth language with many image\n  processing displaying functions built in. \n\nDATA TRANSLATION SOURCE BOOK\n----------------------------\n  The Data Translation company in Massachusetts publishes a free book\n  containing vendors of data analysis hardware and software which is\n  compatible with Data Translation and other frame grabbers.\n  Surely you can find much more PC-related stuff in it.\n\nMAXEN386\n--------\n  A couple of Canadians have written a program named MAXEN386 which does\n  maximum entropy image deconvolution. Their company is named Digital\n  Signal Processing Software, or something like that, and the software is\n  mentioned in an article in Astronomy Magazine, either Jan or Feb 92\n  (an article on CCD\'s vs film). \n\nJANDEL SCIENTIFIC (JAVA)\n------------------------\n  Another software package (JAVA) is put out by Jandel Scientific. \n  Jandel Scientific, 65 Koch Road, Corte Madera, CA 94925, (415) 924-8640,\n  (800) 874-1888.\n\nMicrobrian\n----------\n  Runs on an MS dos platform and uses a 32 bit graphics card\n  (Vista), or an about to be released version will support a number of\n  super VGA cards.  Its a full blown remote sensed data processing\n  system.. It is menu driven (character based screen), but is does not use\n  a windowed user interface. Its is hardware protected with a dongle.\n  Mbrian = micro Barrier reef Image Anaysis System. It was developed by\n  CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Organization) and is\n  marketed/ supported by:\n\n  MPA Australia (51 Lusher Road, Croydon, Victoria\n  tel + 61 3 724 4488     fax  +61 3 724 4455)\n\n  There are educational and commercial prices, but be prepared to set\n  aside $A10k for the first educational licence.  Subsequent ones come\n  cheaper (they need to!) It has installed sites worldwide.  It is widely\n  used at ANU.\n\nMicroImage\n----------\n  The remote sensing lab here at Dartmouth currently uses Terra-Mar\'s\n  MicroImage, on 486 PCs with some fancy display hardware.\n\n  Terra-Mar Resource Information Services, Inc.\n\n  1937 Landings Drive Mountain View, CA  94043 415-964-6900   FAX\n  415-964-5430\n\nUnix-based tools\n================\n\nIRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility)\n--------------------------------------------\n  Developed in the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Kitt Peak AZ\n  It is free, you can ftp it from tucana.noao.edu [140.252.1.1]\n  and complement it with STSDAS from stsci.edu [130.167.1.2].\n  Email to iraf@noao.edu for more details.\n  Apparently this is one of the _de facto_ standards in the astronomical\n  image community. They issue a newsletter also.\n  They seem to support very well their users. Works with VMS also last\n  I heard, and practically has its own shell on top of the VMS/Unix shells.\n\n  It\'s suggested that you get a copy of saoimage for display under X windows.\n  Very flexible/extendable  -- tons (literally 3 linear feet) of\n  documentation for the general user, skilled user, and programmer.\n\nALV\n---\n  A Sun-specific image toolkit.  Version 2.0.6 posted to\n  comp.sources.sun on 11dec89.  Also available via email to\n  alv-users-request@cs.bris.ac.uk.\n\nAIPS\n----\n  Astronomical Image Processing System.  Contact: aipsmail@nrao.edu\n  (also see the UseNet Newsgroups alt.sci.astro.aips and sci.astro.fits)\n  Built by NRAO (National Radio Astronomy Observatory, HQ in Charlottesville,\n  VA, sites in NM, AZ, WV).  Software distributed by 9-track, Exabyte, DAT,\n  or (non-anonymous) internet ftp.  Documentation (PostScript mostly)\n  available via anonymous ftp to baboon.cv.nrao.edu (192.33.115.103),\n  directory pub/aips and pub/aips/TEXT/PUBL.  Installation requires building\n  the system and thus a Fortran and C compiler.\n     This package can read and write FITS data (see sci.astro.fits), and is\n  primarily for reduction, analysis, and image enhancement of Radio Astronomy\n  data from radio telescopes, particularly the Very Large Array (VLA), a\n  synthesis instrument.  It consists of almost 300 programs that do everything\n  from copying data to sophisticated deconvolution, e.g. via maximum entropy.\n  There is an X11-based Image tool (XAS) and a tek-compatible xterm-based\n  graphics tool built into AIPS.  The XAS tool is modelled after the hardware\n  functionality of the International Imaging Systems model 70 display unit and\n  can do image arithmetic, etc.\n    The code is mostly Fortran 77 with some system C language modules, and is\n  available for Suns, IBM RS/6000, Dec/Ultrix, Convex, Cray (Unicos), and\n  Alliant with support planned for HP-9000/7xx, Solaris 2.1, and maybe SGI.\n     There is currently a project - "AIPS++" - underway to rewrite the\n  algorithmic functionality of AIPS in a modern setting, using C++ and an\n  object oriented approach.  Whereas AIPS is proprietary code (licensed for\n  free to non-profit institutions) owner by NRAO and the NSF, AIPS++ will be\n  in the public domain at some level, as it is an international effort with\n  contributions from the US, Canada, England, the Netherlands, India, and\n  Australia to name a few. \n\nLABOimage\n---------\n  (version 4.0 is out for X11) It\'s written in C, and currently\n  runs on Sun 3/xxx, Sun 4/xxx (OS3.5, 4.0 and 4.0.3) under SunView.\n  The expert system for image segmentation is written in Allegro Common Lisp.\n  It was used on the following domains: computer science (image analysis), \n  medicine, biology, physics. It is distributed free of charge (source code).\n  Available via anonymous FTP at ftp.ads.com (128.229.30.16), in\n  pub/VISION-LIST-ARCHIVE/SHAREWARE/LaboImage_*\n\n  Contact: Prof. Thierry Pun, Computer Vision Group Computing Science Center,\n  U-Geneva 12, rue du Lac, CH-1207 Geneva SWITZERLAND\n  Phone : +41(22) 787 65 82; fax: +41(22) 735 39 05\n  E-mail: pun@cui.unige.ch  or pun@cgeuge51.bitnet\n\n\nFigaro\n------\n  It was originally made for VMS, and can be obtained from\n  Keith Shortridge in Australia (ks@aaoepp.aao.gov.au)\n  and for Unix from Sam Southard at Caltech (sns@deimos.caltech.edu).\n  It\'s about 110Mbytes on a Sun.\n\nKHOROS\n------\n  Moved to the Scientific  Visualization category below\n\nVista\n-----\n  The "real thing" is available via anonymous ftp from lowell.edu. Email to\n  vista@lowell.edu for more details. Total size less than 20Mbytes.\n\nDISIMP\n------\n  (Device Independent Software for Image Processing) is a powerful\n  system providing both user friendliness and high functionality in\n  interactive times.\n\n  Feature Description\n\n  DISIMP incorporates a rich library of image processing utilities and\n  spatial data options. All functions can be easily accessed via the\n  DISIMP executive. This menu is modular in design and groups image\n  processes by their function. Such a logical structure means that\n  complicated processes are simply a progression through a series of\n  modules.\n\n  Processes include image rectification, classification (unsupervised and\n  supervised), intensity transformations, three dimensional display and\n  Principal Component Analysis. DISIMP also supports the more simple and\n  effective enhancement techniques of filtering, band subtraction and\n  ratioing.\n\n  Host Configuration Requirements\n\n  Running on UNIX workstations, DISIMP is capable of processing the more\n  computational intensive techniques in interactive processing times.\n  DISIMP is available in both Runtime and Programmer\'s environments. Using\n  the Programmers environment, utilities can be developed for specific\n  applications programs.\n\n  Graphics are governed by an icon-based Display Panel which allows quick\n  enhancments of a displayed image. Manipulations of Look Up Tables,\n  colour stretches, changes to histograms, zooming and panning can be\n  interactively driven through this control.\n\n  A range of geographic projections enables DISIMP to integrate data of\n  image, graphic and textual types. Images can be rectified by a number of\n  coordinate systems, providing the true geographic knowledge essential\n  for ground truthing. Overlays of grids, text and vector data can be\n  added to further enhance referenced imagery.\n\n  The system is a flexible package allowing users of various skill levels\n  to determine their own working environment, including the amount of help\n  required. DISIMP comes fully configured with no optional extras. The\n  purchase price includes all functionality required for professional\n  processing of remote sensed data.\n\n  For further information, please contact:\n\n  The Business Manager, CLOUGH Engineering Group Systems Division, 627\n  Chapel Street, South Yarra, Australia 3141. Telephone:  +61 3 825 5555\n  Fax:  +61 3 826 6463\n\nGlobal Imaging Software\n-----------------------\n  "We use Global Imaging Software to process AVHRR data, from the dish to\n  the final display. Select a chunk of five band data from a pass,\n  automatic navigation, calibrate it to Albedo and Temp, convert that to\n  byte, register it to predesigned window, all relatively automatically\n  and carefree.\n\n  It has no classification routines to speak of, but it isn\'t that\n  difficult to write your own with their programmer\'s module.\n\n  Very small operation: one designs, one codes, one sells. Been around for\n  a number of years, sold to Weather Service and Navy.  Runs on HP9000\n  with HP-UX.  Supports 24-bit display"\n\nHIPS\n----\n(Human   Information   Processing Laboratory\'s Image Processing System)\n\n  Michael Landy co-wrote and sell a general-purpose package for image\n  processing which has been used for basically all the usual image\n  processing applications (robotics, medical, satellite, engineering, oil\n  exploration, etc.).  It is called HIPS, and deals with sequences of\n  multiband images in the same way it deals with single images.  It has\n  been growing since we first wrote it, both by additions from us as well\n  as a huge user-contributed library.\n\n  Feature description\n\n  HIPS  is  a  set  of  image  processing  modules  which together provide\n  a  powerful  suite  of  tools  for  those interested in research,\n  system  development  and  teaching. It  handles  sequences  of  images\n  (movies)  in precisely the same manner as single frames.\n\n  Programs and subroutines have been developed  for simple image\n  transformations, filtering, convolution, Fourier and other transform\n  processing, edge detection  and line  drawing   manipulation, digital\n  image compression and transmission  methods, noise generation, and image\n  statistics computation. Over 150 such  image transformation programs\n  have been developed.  As a result, almost any image processing  task\n  can be performed quickly and conveniently. Additionally, HIPS allows\n  users to easily integrate  their  own custom  routines.   New users\n  become effective using HIPS on their first day.\n\n  HIPS features images that are  self-documenting.   Each image stored  in\n  the  system  contains  a  history  of the transformations that have been\n  applied to that image.   HIPS includes  a  small  set of subroutines\n  which primarily deals with a standardized  image sequence  header,  and\n  a  large library  of  image  transformation tools in the form of UNIX\n  ``filters\'\'.  It comes complete with source  code,  on-line manual\n  pages, and on-line documentation.\n\n  Host Configuration Requirements\n\n  Originally  developed at  New  York  University,  HIPS  now represents\n  one of the most extensive and flexible vision and image  processing\n  environments currently available.  It runs under the UNIX operating\n  system.  It is modular  and  flexible, provides automatic documentation\n  of its actions, and is almost entirely independent of special equipment.\n  HIPS is now in use on a variety of computers including Vax and\n  Microvax, Sun, Apollo,  Masscomp,  NCR Tower, Iris, IBM AT, etc.\n  For image display and input, drivers are supplied for the Grinnell and\n  Adage (Ikonas) image processors, and the Sun-2, Sun-3, Sun- 4, and\n  Sun-386i consoles.  We also  supply  user-contributed drivers  for  a\n  number of  other framestores and windowing packages (Sun gfx, Sun\n  console, Matrox VIP-1024, ITI IP-512, Lexidata,  Macintosh II, X\n  windowing system, and Iris).  The Hipsaddon package includes an\n  interface  for the  CRS-4000. It  is  a  simple matter to interface HIPS\n  with other frame- stores, and we can put interested users in touch with\n  users who  have interfaced HIPS with the Arlunya and Datacube Max-\n  Video. HIPS can be easily adapted for other  image  display devices\n  because 98% of HIPS is machine independent.\n\n  Availability\n\n  HIPS has proven itself a highly flexible  system,  both as  an\n  interactive  research tool, and for more production- oriented tasks. It\n  is both easy to use, and quickly adapted and extended to new uses. HIPS\n  is supplied on magnetic tape in UNIX tar format (either reel- to-reel or\n  Sun  cartridge), and comes with source code, libraries, a library of\n  convolu- tion masks, and on-line documentation and manual pages.\n\n  Michael Landy SharpImage Software P.O. Box 373, Prince Street Station\n  New York, NY   10012-0007 Voice:  (212) 998-7857 Fax: (212) 995-4011\n  msl@cns.nyu.edu\n\n\nMIRA\n----\n[ Please DON\'T confuse that with the Thalmanns animation system from\n  Montreal. These are altogether different beasts! - nfotis ]\n\n  MIRA stands for Microcomputer Image Reduction and Analysis.  MIRA gives\n  workstation level performance on 386/486 DOS computers using SVGA cards in\n  256 color modes up to 1024x768. MIRA contains a very handsome/functional\n  GUI which is mouse and keystroke operated. MIRA reads/writes TIFF and FITS\n  formats, native formats of a number of CCD cameras, and uncompressed binary\n  images in byte, short integer, and 4-byte real pixel format in 1- or 2-\n  dimensions. The result of an image processing operation can be short integer\n  or real pixels, or the same as that of the input image. MIRA does the\n  operation using short or floating point arithmetic to maintain the precision\n  and accuracy of the pixel format. Over 100 functions are hand-coded in\n  assembly language for maximum speed on the Intel hardware.  The entire\n  graphical interface is also written in assembly language to maximize\n  the speed of windowing operations.  Windows for 2-d image and 1-d image/data\n  display and analysis have dedicated cursors which read position and value\n  value in real time as you move the mouse.  There are also smooth, real time\n  contrast and brightness stretch and panning of a magnified portion of\n  the displayed image(s), all operated by the mouse. A wide selection of\n  grayscale, pseudocolor, and random palettes is provided, and other \n  palettes can be generated.\n\n\nSupported functions include such niceties as the following:\n\no  image & image: + - / * interpolation\no  image & constant: + - / *\no  unary operations: abs value, polynomial of pixel value, chs, 1/x, log,\n   byteswap, clip values at upper/lower limits, short->real or real->short.\no  combine images by mean, median, mode, or sum of pixel values, with or\n   without autoscaling to mean, median, or mode of an image section.\no  convolutions/filters: Laplacian, Sobel edge operator, directional gradient,\n   line, Gaussian, elliptical and rectangular equal weight filters, unsharp\n   masking, median filters, user defined filter kernel.  Ellipse, rectangle,\n   line, gradient, Gaussian, and user defined filters can be rotated to\n   any specified angle.\no  CCD data reduction: flat fielding, dark subtraction, column over/underscan\n   bias removal, remove bad pixels and column defects, normalize to\n   region target mean, median, or modal value.\no  create subimage, mosaic m x n 1-d or 2-d images to get larger image,\n   collapse 2-d image into 1-d image.\no  plot 1-d section or collapsed section of 2-d image, plot histogram of\n   region of an image.\no  review/change image information/header data, rename keywords, plot\n   keyword values for a set of images.\no  luminance/photometry: elliptical or circular aperture photometry,\n   brightness profile, isophotal photometry between set of upper & lower\n   luminances, area and luminance inside traced polygon. Interactive\n   background fitting and removal from part or all of image, fit elliptical\n   aperture shape to image isophotes. \no  interactive with 2-d image: contrast/brightness, x- y- or diagonal plot\n   of pixel values, distance between two points, compute region stats,`\n   centroid, pan to x,y location or image center, zoom 1/16 to 10 times,\n   change cursor to rectangle crosshair, full image crosshair, or off, and\n   adjust cursor size on image. Select linear, log or gamma transfer function\n   or histogram equalization.\no  interactive or specified image offset computation and re-sampling for\n   registration.\no  interactive with 1-d image: zoom in x- y- or both in steps of 1/2 or\n   2 times current, re-center plot, or enlarge a framed area. 4 plot buffers\n   can be cycled through. Interactive data analysis: polynomial fitting,\n   point deletion, undelete, change value, point weighting, linear and\n   quadratic loess and binomial smoothing, revert to unit point weights\n   or original data buffer, substitute results into data buffer for pass\n   back to calling function. Dump data buffer (+ overlays and error bars)\n   to file or printer.  Change to user specified coordinate system.\no  Tricolor image combination and display, hardcopy halftone printout to\n   HP-PCL compatible printers (Laserjet, deskjet, etc.)\no  Documentation is over 300 pages in custom vinyl binder.\n\n  Cost: 995 $USD/copy\n\n  Available from:\n\n  Axiom Research, Inc.\n  Box 44162\n  Tucson, AZ  85733\n  (602) 791-2864  phone/fax.\n\n  international marketing rep: Saguaro Scientific Corporation, Tucson, Arizona.\n\n==========================================================================\n\nEnd of Part 2 of the Resource Listing\n-- \nNick (Nikolaos) Fotis         National Technical Univ. of Athens, Greece\nHOME: 16 Esperidon St.,       InterNet : nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr\n      Halandri, GR - 152 32   UUCP:    mcsun!ariadne!theseas!nfotis\n      Athens, GREECE          FAX: (+30 1) 77 84 578\n',
  u"From: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney)\nSubject: Re: Commercial mining activities on the moon\nOrganization: Computer Aided Design Lab, U. of Maryland College Park\nLines: 10\nReply-To: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: queen.eng.umd.edu\n\nIn article <STEINLY.93Apr20160116@topaz.ucsc.edu>, steinly@topaz.ucsc.edu (Steinn Sigurdsson) writes:\n\n>Very cost effective if you use the right accounting method :-)\n\nSherzer Methodology!!!!!!\n\n\n\n    Software engineering? That's like military intelligence, isn't it?\n  -- >                  SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU                        < --\n",
  u"Subject: So what is Maddi?\nFrom: madhaus@netcom.com (Maddi Hausmann)\nOrganization: Society for Putting Things on Top of Other Things\nLines: 12\n\nAs I was created in the image of Gaea, therefore I must\nbe the pinnacle of creation, She which Creates, She which\nBirths, She which Continues.\n\nOr, to cut all the religious crap, I'm a woman, thanks.\nAnd it's sexism that started me on the road to atheism.\n\n-- \nMaddi Hausmann                       madhaus@netcom.com\nCentigram Communications Corp        San Jose California  408/428-3553\n\nKids, please don't try this at home.  Remember, I post professionally.\n",
  u'From: a137490@lehtori.cc.tut.fi (Aario Sami)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: Tampere University of Technology, Computing Centre\nLines: 37\nDistribution: sfnet\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cc.tut.fi\n\n[deletions...]\n\nIn <1993Apr13.184227.1191@ultb.isc.rit.edu> snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu (S.N. Mozumder ) writes:\n\n>I really don\'t think you can imagine what it is like to be infinite.\n\nFirst of all, infinity is a mathematical concept created by humans\nto explain certain things in a certain way. We don\'t know if it actually\napplies to reality, we don\'t know if anything in the world is infinite.\n\n>It wouldn\'t be able to\n>comprehend what reality is like for the programmer, because that would\n>require an infinite memory or whatever because reality is continuous and\n>based on infinietely small units- no units.\n\nYou don\'t know if the universe is actually continuous. Continuum is another\nmathematical concept (based on infinity) used to explain things in a certain\nway.\n\n>Because humans do not know what infinite is.  We call it something\n>beyond numbers.  We call it endless, but we do not know what it is.\n\nI have a pretty good idea of what infinity is. It\'s a man-made concept, and\nlike many man-made concepts, it has evolved through time. Ancient Greeks had\na different understanding of it.\n\n>So, we can call Allah infinitely powerful, knowledgeable, etc.., yet we\n>cannot imagine what Allah actually is, because we just cannot imagine\n>what it is like to be infinite.\n\nPrecicely. We don\'t even know if infinity applies to reality.\n\n-- \nSami Aario         |  "Can you see or measure an atom? Yet you can explode\na137490@cc.tut.fi  |   one. Sunlight is comprised of many atoms."\n-------------------\'  "Your stupid minds! Stupid, stupid!"\nEros in "Plan 9 From Outer Space"     DISCLAIMER: I don\'t agree with Eros.\n',
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: The Inimitable Rushdie (Re: An Anecdote about Islam\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 19\nDistribution: world,public\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <115847@bu.edu> jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n\n>Well, in 1984 one was not allowed to leave the domain of authority. One\n>_is_ free to leave Islam. If one regards Islamic law as a curse one\n>should consider leaving Islam.\n\n\tThe only way out seems to be death.\n\n---  \n\n  " I\'d Cheat on Hillary Too."\n\n   John Laws\n   Local GOP Reprehensitive\n   Extolling "Traditional Family Values."\n\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: sbuckley@fraser.sfu.ca (Stephen Buckley)\nSubject: Re: Religion and marriage\nOrganization: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada\nDistribution: na\nLines: 37\n\npboxrud@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Paul D Boxrud) writes:\n\n>     I wasn\'t sure if this was the right newsgroup to post this to, but I guess\n>the misc is there for a reason.  Here goes...  I am getting married in June to \n>a devout (Wisconsin Synod) Lutheran.  I would classify myself as a strong \n>agnostic/weak athiest.  This has been a a subject of many discussions between\n>us and is really our only real obstacle.  We don\'t have any real difficulties \n>with the religious differences yet, but I expect they will pop up when we have \n>children.  I have agreed to raise the\n>children "nominally" Lutheran.  That is, Lutheran traditions, but trying to\n>keep an open mind.  I am not sure if this is even possible though.  I feel that\n>that the worst quality of being devoutly religous is the lack of an open mind.\n\n  just a point, i suppose, if open mind means believing anything can be true\nor we can\'t for sure know what is definitely true, i\'m happy to not be open\nminded.  if, however, open mindedness means being respectful and tolerant\ntowards other beliefs, respecting the rights and intelligence and wisdom\nof people of other beliefs and giving equal time to alternative ideas, i\ntry my very best to be open minded.  just a thot in passing.... :)\n\n>     Anyway, I guess I\'ll get on with my question.  Is anyone in the same \n>situation and can give some suggestions as to how to deal with this?  We\'ve \n>taken the attitude so far of just talking about it a lot and not letting \n>anything get bottled up inside.  Sometimes I get the feeling we\'re making this \n>much bigger than it actually is.  Any comments would be greatly appreciated.  \n>Also, please e-mail responses since I don\'t get a chance to read this group\n>often.  :-(\n\n  not being married, i cannot say too much to you, but from my perspective\nhaving mutually exclusive faiths would be a big enough roadblock for me in\nconsidering marrying someone.  making it much bigger than it is?  i suppose\nthat depends on how serious each of you is in your beliefs.  lukewarm atheists\nand christians for whom religion is of nominal importance probly would feel\nthe issue isn\'t very big.  i suppose the more important your beliefs are to\neach of you, the more important the issue is.\n\n>Paul\n',
  u"From: khayash@hsc.usc.edu (Ken Hayashida)\nSubject: Re: Long Term Space Voyanges and Effect NEwsgroup?\nKeywords: Mars and Lunar missions\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 42\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hsc.usc.edu\n\nIn article <C65FIE.4ty@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nwrites in response to Michael Adams post:\n>>I vote for a later on sci.space.medicine or similar newsgroup fro the\n>>discussion of long term missions into space and there affects on humans and\n>>such..- Adams\n>\n>Why bother with a new newsgroup?  If you want to discuss the subject,\n>*start discussing it*.  If there is enough traffic to annoy the rest of\n>us, we will let you know... and *then* it will be time for a new newsgroup.\n\nWell, here goes.\n\nThe first item of business is to establish the importance space life\nsciences in the whole of scheme of humankind.  I mean compared\nto football and baseball, the average joe schmoe doesn't seem interested\nor even curious about spaceflight.  I think that this forum can\nmake a major change in that lack of insight and education.\n\nAll of us, in our own way, can contribute to a comprehensive document\nwhich can be released to the general public around the world.  The\ndocument would scientifically analyze the technical aspects of long\nterm human habitation in space.\n\nI believe that if any long-term space exploration program is to \nsucceed we need to basically learn how to engineer our own microworld\n(i.e. the spacecraft).  Only through the careful analyses of engineering,\nchemical, biological, and medical factors will a good ecosystem be created\nto facilitate human life on a long-duration flight.\n\nSo, I would like to see posts of opinions regarding the most objective\nmethods to analyze the accepted scientific literature for technologies\nwhich can be applied to long-duration spaceflight.  Such a detailed\nliterature search would be of interest to ourselves as space advocates\nand clearly important to existing space programs.\n\nIn essence, we would be dividing the space life science issues into\nvarious technical problems which could be solved with various technologies.\nThis database of acceptable solutions to various problems could form the\nbasis of detailed discussions involving people from the bionet, isunet,\nand any other source!\n\nI'm eager to hear your comments and see posts on this thread.\n",
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: Gospel Dating\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 93\n\nIn article <65974@mimsy.umd.edu>\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate) writes:\n \n>>Well, John has a quite different, not necessarily more elaborated theology.\n>>There is some evidence that he must have known Luke, and that the content\n>>of Q was known to him, but not in a \'canonized\' form.\n>\n>This is a new argument to me.  Could you elaborate a little?\n>\n \nThe argument goes as follows: Q-oid quotes appear in John, but not in\nthe almost codified way they were in Matthew or Luke. However, they are\nconsidered to be similar enough to point to knowledge of Q as such, and\nnot an entirely different source.\n \n \n>>Assuming that he knew Luke would obviously put him after Luke, and would\n>>give evidence for the latter assumption.\n>\n>I don\'t think this follows.  If you take the most traditional attributions,\n>then Luke might have known John, but John is an elder figure in either case.\n>We\'re talking spans of time here which are well within the range of\n>lifetimes.\n \nWe are talking date of texts here, not the age of the authors. The usual\nexplanation for the time order of Mark, Matthew and Luke does not consider\ntheir respective ages. It says Matthew has read the text of Mark, and Luke\nthat of Matthew (and probably that of Mark).\n \nAs it is assumed that John knew the content of Luke\'s text. The evidence\nfor that is not overwhelming, admittedly.\n \n \n>>>(1)  Earlier manuscripts of John have been discovered.\n>\n>>Interesting, where and which? How are they dated? How old are they?\n>\n>Unfortunately, I haven\'t got the info at hand.  It was (I think) in the late\n>\'70s or early \'80s, and it was possibly as old as CE 200.\n>\n \nWhen they are from about 200, why do they shed doubt on the order on\nputting John after the rest of the three?\n \n \n>>I don\'t see your point, it is exactly what James Felder said.  They had no\n>>first hand knowledge of the events, and it obvious that at least two of them\n>>used older texts as the base of their account.  And even the association of\n>>Luke to Paul or Mark to Peter are not generally accepted.\n>\n>Well, a genuine letter of Peter would be close enough, wouldn\'t it?\n>\n \nSure, an original together with Id card of sender and receiver would be\nfine. So what\'s that supposed to say? Am I missing something?\n \n \n>And I don\'t think a "one step removed" source is that bad.  If Luke and Mark\n>and Matthew learned their stories directly from diciples, then I really\n>cannot believe in the sort of "big transformation from Jesus to gospel" that\n>some people posit.  In news reports, one generally gets no better\n>information than this.\n>\n>And if John IS a diciple, then there\'s nothing more to be said.\n>\n \nThat John was a disciple is not generally accepted. The style and language\ntogether with the theology are usually used as counterargument.\n \nThe argument that John was a disciple relies on the claim in the gospel\nof John itself. Is there any other evidence for it?\n \nOne step and one generation removed is bad even in our times. Compare that\nto reports of similar events in our century in almost illiterate societies.\nNot even to speak off that believers are not necessarily the best sources.\n \n \n>>It is also obvious that Mark has been edited. How old are the oldest\n>>manuscripts? To my knowledge (which can be antiquated) the oldest is\n>>quite after any of these estimates, and it is not even complete.\n>\n>The only clear "editing" is problem of the ending, and it\'s basically a\n>hopeless mess.  The oldest versions give a strong sense of incompleteness,\n>to the point where the shortest versions seem to break off in midsentence.\n>The most obvious solution is that at some point part of the text was lost.\n>The material from verse 9 on is pretty clearly later and seems to represent\n>a synopsys of the end of Luke.\n>\nIn other words, one does not know what the original of Mark did look like\nand arguments based on Mark are pretty weak.\n \nBut how is that connected to a redating of John?\n   Benedikt\n',
  u"From: palmer@cco.caltech.edu (David M. Palmer)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters. WHere are they.\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 27\nNNTP-Posting-Host: alumni.caltech.edu\n\nprb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n>...\n>4)  we know it's not real close,  like  slightly extra solar,  because\n>we have no parallax measurements on the bursts.\n\nWe can only say that they are beyond about 25 AU, due to the low\naccuracy of position determination by single detectors.\n\n>what i am wondering,  is this in people's opinion,  A NEW Physics problem.\n>Einstein got well known for solvingthe photoelectric effect.   \n>Copernicus,  started looking at  irregularities in planetary motion.\n>Is this a big enough problem, to create a new area of physics?\n>just a little speculative thinking folks.\n\nIt may be a NEW Physics problem (i.e. a problem involving new\nphysics).  However, the data is not good enough to rule out the >100\nmodels which use old physics.  New physics is a big step, and is only\ntolerated when there is no alternative.  For example , the Dark Matter\nProblem (there's more to the universe than meets the eye) is a question\nof comparable mystery to GRBs, but we have much better data regarding\nit.  Theoreticians postulate new particles all the time to explain it,\nbut no one will actually believe that these particles are real until an\nexperimentalist (or several) detects them in the lab.\n\n-- \n\t\tDavid M. Palmer\t\tpalmer@alumni.caltech.edu\n\t\t\t\t\tpalmer@tgrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\n",
  u'From: remcoha@htsa.aha.nl (Remco Hartog)\nSubject: RGB to HVS, and back\nOrganization: Hogeschool van Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E.E. & C.S. Dept.\nLines: 9\n\nI have a little question:\n\nI need to convert RGB-coded (Red-Green-Blue) colors into HVS-coded\n(Hue-Value-Saturnation) colors. Does anyone know which formulas to\nuse?\n\nThanks!\n\nR.W.Hartog  remcoha@solist.htsa.aha.nl\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: How many read sci.space?\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 9\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <1993Apr22.184650.4833@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:\n>isn't my real name, either.  I'm actually Elvis.  Or maybe a lemur; I\n>sometimes have difficulty telling which is which.\n\ndefinitely a lemur.\n\nElvis couldn't spell,  just listen to any of his songs.\n\npat\n",
  u'From: alex@falcon.demon.co.uk (Alex Kiernan)\nSubject: Re: .SCI files and .SCO files \nDistribution: world\nOrganization: DIS(organised)\nReply-To: alex@falcon.demon.co.uk\nX-Newsreader: Simple NEWS 1.90 (ka9q DIS 1.21)\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <1993Apr30.094937.14281@daimi.aau.dk> rued@daimi.aau.dk writes:\n\n>Hello there!\n>\n>A week ago a guy asked what a .SCO file was.SC(character).\n>\n>regards \n>rued\n>\n>\n\nYes me, why?\n\n-- \nAlex Kiernan\nakiernan@falcon.demon.co.uk\n',
  u'From: frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer)\nSubject: Re: Bayesian Statistics, theism and atheism\nOrganization: Siemens-Nixdorf AG\nLines: 192\nNNTP-Posting-Host: d012s658.ap.mchp.sni.de\n\nIn article <1993Apr24.165301.8321@dcs.warwick.ac.uk> simon@dcs.warwick.ac.uk (Simon Clippingdale) writes:\n#In article <1quei1$8mb@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n#>In article <1993Apr15.181924.21026@dcs.warwick.ac.uk> simon@dcs.warwick.ac.uk (Simon Clippingdale) writes:\n[I write:]\n#>>> Imagine that 1000000 Alterian dollars turn up in your bank account every\n#>>> month. Suppose further that this money is being paid to you by (a) your \n#>>> big-hearted Alterian benefactor, or (b) a bug in an Alterian ATM.  Let\'s\n#>>> suppose that this is a true dichotomy, so P(a)+P(b)=1. Trouble is, Alterius \n#>>> is in a different universe, so that no observations of Alterius are possible\n#>>> (except for the banks - you couldn\'t possibly afford it ;-)\n#>>> \n#>>> Now let\'s examine the case for (a).  There is no evidence whatsoever that\n#>>> there is any such thing as a big-hearted Alterian benefactor. However,\n#>>> P(exists(b-h A b)) + P(not(exists(b-h A b)) = 1. On the grounds that \n#>>> lack_of_evidence_for is evidence_against when we have a partition like\n#>>> that, we dismiss hypothesis (a).\n#>>>\n#>>> Turning, therefore, to (b), we also find no evidence to support that\n#>>> hypothesis.  On the same grounds as before, we dismiss hypothesis (b).\n#>>>\n#>>> The problem with this is that we have dismissed *all* of the possible\n#>>> hypotheses, and even though we know by construction that the money \n#>>> arrives every month, we have proven that it can\'t, because we\n#>>> have dismissed all of its potential causes.\n#\n#>> That\'s an *extremely* poor argument, and here\'s why.\n#>>\n#>> Premise 1: "...this money is being paid to you by [either] (a) your big-\n#>>             hearted Alterian benefactor, or (b) a bug in an Alterian ATM".\n#>> \n#>> Thus each monthly appearance of the bucks, should it happen, is an\n#>> observation on Alterius, and by construction, is evidence for the\n#>> existence of [either the benefactor or the bug in the ATM].\n#>> \n#>> Premise 2: no observations on Alterius are possible.\n#\n#>     #> (except for the banks - you couldn\'t possibly afford it ;-)\n#>\n#> You forgot to include this.  My premise is actually:\n#>\n#> Premise 2:  The cardinality of the set of possible observations on Alterius\n#>             is one.\n#\n#>> This is clearly contradictory to the first.\n#\n#> Not if you state it properly.\n#\n#>> Trouble is, on the basis of premise 2, you say that there can be no evidence\n#>> of [either the benefactor or the bug], but the first premise leads to the\n#>> conclusion that the appearance of the bucks, should it happen, is evidence\n#>> for the existence of [either the benefactor or the bug].\n#>> \n#>> Voila, a screaming contradiction.\n#\n#[with my highlights - SC]\n#> But in a strawman argument. There is only evidence for OneOf(Benefactor,Bug).\n#> No observation to distinguish Benefactor from Bug is possible. That is\n#> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n#> not evidence for Bug, and neither is it evidence for Benefactor. Nor\n#> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n#> is true to say that this hypothetical universe appears exactly as\n#> if there were no Benefactor/Bug (two statements, both would be false).\n#\n#This is still contradictory. It reduces to\n#\n#  (1): Alterian dosh arriving in my account is due to [benefactor or bug].\n#\n#  (2): this is not evidence for [benefactor], neither is it evidence for\n#       [bug] (meaning that it doesn\'t lend more weight to one than to the\n#       other)\n#\n#  (3): therefore no evidence can exist for [benefactor] and no evidence\n#       can exist for [bug].\n#\n#But (3) relies on a shift in meaning from (2). When you say (paraphrased)\n#in (2) that this is not "evidence for [benefactor]", for example, what you\n#mean is that it\'s no *more* evidence for [benefactor] than it is for [bug].\n\nYes, that\'s what I mean.\n\n#In (3), however, you\'ve shifted the meaning of "evidence for [benefactor]"\n#so that it now means `absolute\' "evidence for [benefactor]" rather than\n#`relative\' "evidence for [benefactor]" w.r.t. [bug].\n\nNot really, I meant evidence that would tend to one over the other.  I\nthink this is just a communications problem.   What I am trying to say,\nin my clumsy way, is that while I buy your theory as far as it relates\nto theism making predictions (prayer, your \'Rapture\' example), I don\'t\nbuy your use of Occam\'s razor in all cases where A=0.\n\nIn my example, one couldn\'t dismiss\n[benefactor] or [bug] on the grounds of simplicity - one of these is necessary\nto explain the dosh.  I brought up the \'one-by-one dismissal\' process to\nshow that it would be wrong to do so.  From what you\'re saying in this\npost, it seems you agree, and we\'re talking at cross-purposes.\n\n#(3) is still in contradiction to (1).\n#\n#Some sums may help. With B = benefactor, b = bug, d = dosh arrives in account:\n#\n#  (1) implies  P(B+b | d) = 1\n#\n#Assuming that P(Bb | d) = 0, so it\'s either the benefactor *or* a bug\n#which is responsible if the bucks arrive, but not both, then\n#\n#   P(B+b | d)   =   P(B | d) + P(b | d)\n#\n#so\n#\n#   P(B | d) + P(b | d)  =  1\n#\n#but (3) implies that\n#\n#   P(B | d)  =  0  and  P(b | d)  =  0.\n\nNo, this isn\'t what I meant.  P(B | d) = 0.5 and P(b | d) = 0.5, with\nnecessarily no new observation (we\'ve already seen the dosh) to change\nthose estimates.  I was trying to say (again, in my clumsy way) that\nit would be _wrong_ to assign 0 probability to either of these.  And that\'s\nprecisely what use of the Razor does in the case of gods - gods are\none class of hypothesis (there are many others) belonging to a set of\nhypotheses _one_of_which_ is necessary to explain something which otherwise \nwould _not_ be satisfactorily explained.  It can be thrown out or\nretained on grounds of non-rational preference, not of science or statistics.   \nAlternatively, one could chuck out or retain the lot, on the grounds\nthat the answer can\'t be known, or that the notional probability estimates\nare effectively useless, being equal (agnosticism/weak atheism).\n\n#> As they do when the set M is filled by "the universe is caused by x",\n#> where x is gods, pink unicorns, nothing, etc.  - and no observation\n#> tends to one conclusion over the other.\n#\n#Exactly the point I was making, I think. So we don\'t "throw out" any of\n#these, contrary to your assertion above that we do.\n\nSome people do, Simon, and they think they are doing excellent science.\nMy sole point was that they aren\'t.\n\n#>> Only observations which directly contradict the hypothesis H[i] (i.e. x\n#>> where P(x | H[i]) = 0) can cause P(H[i]) to go to zero after a finite\n#>> number of observations. Only in this case do we get to throw any of the\n#>> hypotheses out.\n#\n#> Exactly my point, though I may have been unclear.\n#\n#You said the diametric opposite, which I guess is the source of my confusion.\n\nI was merely trying to illustrate the incorrectness of doing so.\n\n#> What I\'m trying to say is that while you are correct to say that absence of\n#> evidence can sometimes be evidence of absence, this does not hold true for\n#> all, or perhaps any, versions of theism - and it isn\'t true that those for\n#> which it does not hold can be discarded using the razor.\n#\n#On the contrary, those for which it does not hold are *exactly* those which\n#can be discarded using the Razor. See my post on the other branch of this\n#thread.\n\nThen you seem to be guilty of the contradiction you accuse me of.  If\nthe razor holds for gods, then it holds for all like hypotheses.  Which\nmeans that you\'re assigning P(x | H[i]) =0 for all i, though we\'ve already\nestablished that it\'s not correct to do so when SUM(P(x|H[i]))=1 over\nall i.\n\n#> Simply put, anyone who claims to have a viable proof of the existence or\n#> non-existence of gods, whether inductive or no, is at best mistaken, and\n#> at worst barking mad.\n#\n#Luckily I make no such claim, and have specifically said as much on numerous\n#occasions. You wouldn\'t be constructing a strawman here, would you Frank?\n#Although that doesn\'t, of course, rule out my being barking mad in any case\n#(I could be barking mad in my spare time, with apologies to Cleese et al).\n#\n#But I think you miss the point once again. When I say that something is\n#"evidence against" an hypothesis, that doesn\'t imply that observation of\n#the said something necessarily *falsifies* the hypothesis, reducing the\n#estimate of P(H | data) to zero. If it *reduces* this quantity, it\'s still\n#evidence against H.\n\nNo, I got that.  I\'m talking about the case when A=0.  You\'re clearly\ncorrect when A!=0.   And I\'m not constructing a strawman (though it\'s\ncertainly possible that I\'ve misunderstood what you\'re saying).  However,\nby any standards, a system that says when A=0, gods are highly unlikely,\nand when A!=0 gods can be dismissed using the Razor, is a system purporting\nto be an inductive proof that gods either don\'t exist, or are unnecessary\nto explain any or all phenomena.  In my experience, systems such as this\n(including those which purport to prove that gods exist) always contain\na fallacy upon close examination.  If that\'s not what you\'re saying, then\nplease put me straight.\n-- \nFrank O\'Dwyer                                  \'I\'m not hatching That\'\nodwyer@sse.ie                                  from "Hens",  by Evelyn Conlon\n',
  u'From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: The Area Rule\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 20\nDistribution: sci\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\n\nI am sure  Mary or Henry can describe this more aptly then me.\nBut here is how i understand it.\n\nAt Speed,  Near supersonic.  The wind behaves like a fluid pipe.\nIt becomes incompressible.  So wind has to bend away from the\nwing edges.   AS the wing thickens,  the more the pipes bend.\n\nIf they have no place to go,  they begin to stall,  and force\ncompression, stealing power from the vehicle (High Drag).\n\nIf you squeeze the fuselage,  so that these pipes  have aplace to bend\ninto,  then drag is reduced.   \n\nEssentially,  teh cross sectional area of the aircraft shoulf\nremain constant for all areas of the fuselage.  That is where the wings are\nsubtract, teh cross sectional area of the wings from the fuselage.\n\npat\n',
  u'From: mscrap@halcyon.com (Marta Lyall)\nSubject: Re: Video in/out\nOrganization: Northwest Nexus Inc. (206) 455-3505\nLines: 29\n\nOrganization: "A World of Information at your Fingertips"\nKeywords: \n\nIn article <628@toontown.columbiasc.ncr.com> craig@toontown.ColumbiaSC.NCR.COM (Craig S. Williamson) writes:\n>\n>I\'m getting ready to buy a multimedia workstation and would like a little\n>advice.  I need a graphics card that will do video in and out under windows.\n>I was originally thinking of a Targa+ but that doesn\'t work under Windows.\n>What cards should I be looking into?\n>\n>Thanks,\n>Craig\n>\n>-- \n>                                             "To forgive is divine, to be\n>-Craig Williamson                              an airhead is human."\n> Craig.Williamson@ColumbiaSC.NCR.COM                -Balki Bartokomas\n> craig@toontown.ColumbiaSC.NCR.COM (home)                  Perfect Strangers\n\n\nCraig,\n\nYou should still consider the Targa+. I run windows 3.1 on it all the\ntime at work and it works fine. I think all you need is the right\ndriver. \n\nJosh West  \nemail: mscrap@halcyon.com\n\n',
  u'From: newsdesk@jplpost.jpl.nasa.gov (JPL Public Information)\nSubject: JPL Info Summary/"Our Solar System at a Glance"\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 1160\nNNTP-Posting-Host: aremorica.jpl.nasa.gov\n\nThis file and other text and image files from JPL missions are\navailable from the JPL Info public access computer site,\nreachable by Internet via anonymous ftp to pubinfo.jpl.nasa.gov\n(128.149.6.2); or by dialup modem to +1 (818) 354-1333, up to\n9600 bits per second, parameters N-8-1.\n-----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nOur Solar System at a Glance\n\nInformation Summary \nPMS 010-A (JPL)\nJune 1991\n\nJPL 410-34-1  6/91\n\nNASA\nNational Aeronautics and Space Administration\n\nJet Propulsion Laboratory\nCalifornia Institue of Technology\nPasadena, California\n\n\nFor a printed copy of this publication contact the public mail\noffice at the NASA center in your geographic region.\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\n     From our small world we have gazed upon the cosmic ocean for\nuntold thousands of years. Ancient astronomers observed points of\nlight that appeared to move among the stars. They called these\nobjects planets, meaning wanderers, and named them after Roman\ndeities -- Jupiter, king of the gods; Mars, the god of war;\nMercury, messenger of the gods; Venus, the god of love and\nbeauty, and Saturn, father of Jupiter and god of agriculture. The\nstargazers also observed comets with sparkling tails, and meteors\nor shooting stars apparently falling from the sky.\n\n     Science flourished during the European Renaissance.\nFundamental physical laws governing planetary motion were\ndiscovered, and the orbits of the planets around the Sun were\ncalculated. In the 17th century, astronomers pointed a new device\ncalled the telescope at the heavens and made startling\ndiscoveries.\n\n     But the years since 1959 have amounted to a golden age of\nsolar system exploration. Advancements in rocketry after World\nWar II enabled our machines to break the grip of Earth\'s gravity\nand travel to the Moon and to other planets.\n\n     The United States has sent automated spacecraft, then\nhuman-crewed expeditions, to explore the Moon. Our automated\nmachines have orbited and landed on Venus and Mars; explored the\nSun\'s environment; observed comets, and made close-range surveys\nwhile flying past Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.\n\n     These travelers brought a quantum leap in our knowledge and\nunderstanding of the solar system. Through the electronic sight\nand other "senses" of our automated spacecraft, color and\ncomplexion have been given to worlds that for centuries appeared\nto Earth-bound eyes as fuzzy disks or indistinct points of light.\nAnd dozens of previously unknown objects have been discovered.\n\n     Future historians will likely view these pioneering flights\nthrough the solar system as some of the most remarkable\nachievements of the 20th century.\n     \n\nAUTOMATED SPACECRAFT\n\n     The National Aeronautics and Space Administration\'s (NASA\'s)\nautomated spacecraft for solar system exploration come in many\nshapes and sizes. While they are designed to fulfill separate and\nspecific mission objectives, the craft share much in common.\n\n     Each spacecraft consists of various scientific instruments\nselected for a particular mission, supported by basic subsystems\nfor electrical power, trajectory and orientation control, as well\nas for processing data and communicating with Earth.\n\n     Electrical power is required to operate the spacecraft\ninstruments and systems. NASA uses both solar energy from arrays\nof photovoltaic cells and small nuclear generators to power its\nsolar system missions. Rechargeable batteries are employed for\nbackup and supplemental power.\n\n     Imagine that a spacecraft has successfully journeyed\nmillions of miles through space to fly but one time near a\nplanet, only to have its cameras and other sensing instruments\npointed the wrong way as it speeds past the target! To help\nprevent such a mishap, a subsystem of small thrusters is used to\ncontrol spacecraft.\n\n     The thrusters are linked with devices that maintain a\nconstant gaze at selected stars. Just as Earth\'s early seafarers\nused the stars to navigate the oceans, spacecraft use stars to\nmaintain their bearings in space. With the subsystem locked onto\nfixed points of reference, flight controllers can keep a\nspacecraft\'s scientific instruments pointed at the target body\nand the craft\'s communications antennas pointed toward Earth. The\nthrusters can also be used to fine-tune the flight path and speed\nof the spacecraft to ensure that a target body is encountered at\nthe planned distance and on the proper trajectory.\n\n     Between 1959 and 1971, NASA spacecraft were dispatched to\nstudy the Moon and the solar environment; they also scanned the\ninner planets other than Earth -- Mercury, Venus and Mars. These\nthree worlds, and our own, are known as the terrestrial planets\nbecause they share a solid-rock composition.\n\n     For the early planetary reconnaissance missions, NASA\nemployed a highly successful series of spacecraft called the\nMariners. Their flights helped shape the planning of later\nmissions. Between 1962 and 1975, seven Mariner missions conducted\nthe first surveys of our planetary neighbors in space.\n\n     All of the Mariners used solar panels as their primary power\nsource. The first and the final versions of the spacecraft had\ntwo wings covered with photovoltaic cells. Other Mariners were\nequipped with four solar panels extending from their octagonal\nbodies.\n\n     Although the Mariners ranged from the Mariner 2 Venus\nspacecraft, weighing in at 203 kilograms (447 pounds), to the\nMariner 9 Mars Orbiter, weighing in at 974 kilograms (2,147\npounds), their basic design remained quite similar throughout the\nprogram. The Mariner 5 Venus spacecraft, for example, had\noriginally been a backup for the Mariner 4 Mars flyby. The\nMariner 10 spacecraft sent to Venus and Mercury used components\nleft over from the Mariner 9 Mars Orbiter program.\n\n     In 1972, NASA launched Pioneer 10, a Jupiter spacecraft.\nInterest was shifting to four of the outer planets -- Jupiter,\nSaturn, Uranus and Neptune -- giant balls of dense gas quite\ndifferent from the terrestrial worlds we had already surveyed.\n\n     Four NASA spacecraft in all -- two Pioneers and two Voyagers\n-- were sent in the 1970s to tour the outer regions of our solar\nsystem. Because of the distances involved, these travelers took\nanywhere from 20 months to 12 years to reach their destinations.\nBarring faster spacecraft, they will eventually become the first\nhuman artifacts to journey to distant stars. Because the Sun\'s\nlight becomes so faint in the outer solar system, these travelers\ndo not use solar power but instead operate on electricity\ngenerated by heat from the decay of radioisotopes.\n\n     NASA also developed highly specialized spacecraft to revisit\nour neighbors Mars and Venus in the middle and late 1970s. Twin\nViking Landers were equipped to serve as seismic and weather\nstations and as biology laboratories. Two advanced orbiters --\ndescendants of the Mariner craft -- carried the Viking Landers\nfrom Earth and then studied martian features from above.\n\n     Two drum-shaped Pioneer spacecraft visited Venus in 1978.\nThe Pioneer Venus Orbiter was equipped with a radar instrument\nthat allowed it to "see" through the planet\'s dense cloud cover\nto study surface features. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe carried\nfour probes that were dropped through the clouds. The probes and\nthe main body -- all of which contained scientific instruments --\nradioed information about the planet\'s atmosphere during their\ndescent toward the surface.\n\n     A new generation of automated spacecraft -- including\nMagellan, Galileo, Ulysses, Mars Observer, the Comet\nRendezvous/Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) and Cassini -- is being\ndeveloped and sent out into the solar system to make detailed\nexaminations that will increase our understanding of our\nneighborhood and our own planet.\n     \n\nThe Sun\n\n     A discussion of the objects in the solar system must start\nwith the Sun. The Sun dwarfs the other bodies, representing\napproximately 99.86 percent of all the mass in the solar system;\nall of the planets, moons, asteroids, comets, dust and gas add up\nto only about 0.14 percent. This 0.14 percent represents the\nmaterial left over from the Sun\'s formation. One hundred and nine\nEarths would be required to fit across the Sun\'s disk, and its\ninterior could hold over 1.3 million Earths.\n\n     As a star, the Sun generates energy through the process of\nfusion. The temperature at the Sun\'s core is 15 million degrees\nCelsius (27 million degrees Fahrenheit), and the pressure there\nis 340 billion times Earth\'s air pressure at sea level. The Sun\'s\nsurface temperature of 5,500 degrees Celsius (10,000 degrees\nFahrenheit) seems almost chilly compared to its core-temperature.\nAt the solar core, hydrogen can fuse into helium, producing\nenergy. The Sun also produces a strong magnetic field and streams\nof charged particles, both extending far beyond the planets.\n\n     The Sun appears to have been active for 4.6 billion years\nand has enough fuel to go on for another five billion years or\nso. At the end of its life, the Sun will start to fuse helium\ninto heavier elements and begin to swell up, ultimately growing\nso large that it will swallow Earth. After a billion years as a\n"red giant," it will suddenly collapse into a "white dwarf" --\nthe final end product of a star like ours. It may take a trillion\nyears to cool off completely.\n\n     Many spacecraft have explored the Sun\'s environment, but\nnone have gotten any closer to its surface than approximately\ntwo-thirds of the distance from Earth to the Sun. Pioneers 5-11,\nthe Pioneer Venus Orbiter, Voyagers 1 and 2 and other spacecraft\nhave all sampled the solar environment. The Ulysses spacecraft,\nlaunched on October 6, 1990, is a joint solar mission of NASA and\nthe European Space Agency. After using Jupiter\'s gravity to\nchange its trajectory, Ulysses will fly over the Sun\'s polar\nregions during 1994 and 1995 and will perform a wide range of\nstudies using nine onboard scientific instruments.\n\n     We are fortunate that the Sun is exactly the way it is. If\nit were different in almost any way, life would almost certainly\nnever have developed on Earth.\n     \n\nMercury\n\n     Obtaining the first close-up views of Mercury was the\nprimary objective of the Mariner 10 spacecraft, launched on\nNovember 3, 1973, from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. After a\njourney of nearly five months, which included a flyby of Venus,\nthe spacecraft passed within 703 kilometers (437 miles) of the\nsolar system\'s innermost planet on March 29, 1974.\n\n     Until Mariner 10, little was known about Mercury. Even the\nbest telescopic views from Earth showed Mercury as an indistinct\nobject lacking any surface detail. The planet is so close to the\nSun that it is usually lost in solar glare. When the planet is\nvisible on Earth\'s horizon just after sunset or before dawn, it\nis obscured by the haze and dust in our atmosphere. Only radar\ntelescopes gave any hint of Mercury\'s surface conditions prior to\nthe voyage of Mariner 10.\n\n     The photographs Mariner 10 radioed back to Earth revealed an\nancient, heavily cratered surface, closely resembling our own\nMoon. The pictures also showed huge cliffs crisscrossing the\nplanet. These apparently were created when Mercury\'s interior\ncooled and shrank, buckling the planet\'s crust. The cliffs are as\nhigh as 3 kilometers (2 miles) and as long as 500 kilometers (310\nmiles).\n\n     Instruments on Mariner 10 discovered that Mercury has a weak\nmagnetic field and a trace of atmosphere -- a trillionth the\ndensity of Earth\'s atmosphere and composed chiefly of argon, neon\nand helium. When the planet\'s orbit takes it closest to the Sun,\nsurface temperatures range from 467 degrees Celsius (872 degrees\nFahrenheit) on Mercury\'s sunlit side to -183 degrees Celsius\n(-298 degrees Fahrenheit) on the dark side. This range in surface\ntemperature -- 650 degrees Celsius (1,170 degrees Fahrenheit) --\nis the largest for a single body in the solar system. Mercury\nliterally bakes and freezes at the same time.\n\n     Days and nights are long on Mercury. The combination of a\nslow rotation relative to the stars (59 Earth days) and a rapid\nrevolution around the Sun (88 Earth days) means that one Mercury\nsolar day takes 176 Earth days or two Mercury years -- the time\nit takes the innermost planet to complete two orbits around the\nSun! \n\n     Mercury appears to have a crust of light silicate rock like\nthat of Earth. Scientists believe Mercury has a heavy iron-rich\ncore making up slightly less than half of its volume. That would\nmake Mercury\'s core larger, proportionally, than the Moon\'s core\nor those of any of the planets.\n\n     After the initial Mercury encounter, Mariner 10 made two\nadditional flybys -- on September 21, 1974, and March 16, 1975 --\nbefore control gas used to orient the spacecraft was exhausted\nand the mission was concluded. Each flyby took place at the same\nlocal Mercury time when the identical half of the planet was\nilluminated; as a result, we still have not seen one-half of the\nplanet\'s surface.\n     \n\nVenus\n\n     Veiled by dense cloud cover, Venus -- our nearest planetary\nneighbor -- was the first planet to be explored. The Mariner 2\nspacecraft, launched on August 27, 1962, was the first of more\nthan a dozen successful American and Soviet missions to study the\nmysterious planet. As spacecraft flew by or orbited Venus,\nplunged into the atmosphere or gently landed on Venus\' surface,\nromantic myths and speculations about our neighbor were laid to\nrest.\n\n     On December 14, 1962, Mariner 2 passed within 34,839\nkilometers (21,648 miles) of Venus and became the first\nspacecraft to scan another planet; onboard instruments measured\nVenus for 42 minutes. Mariner 5, launched in June 1967, flew much\ncloser to the planet. Passing within 4,094 kilometers (2,544\nmiles) of Venus on the second American flyby, Mariner 5\'s\ninstruments measured the planet\'s magnetic field, ionosphere,\nradiation belts and temperatures. On its way to Mercury, Mariner\n10 flew by Venus and transmitted ultraviolet pictures to Earth\nshowing cloud circulation patterns in the Venusian atmosphere.\n\n     In the spring and summer of 1978, two spacecraft were\nlaunched to further unravel the mysteries of Venus. On December 4\nof the same year, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter became the first\nspacecraft placed in orbit around the planet.\n\n     Five days later, the five separate components making up the\nsecond spacecraft -- the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe -- entered the\nVenusian atmosphere at different locations above the planet. The\nfour small, independent probes and the main body radioed\natmospheric data back to Earth during their descent toward the\nsurface. Although designed to examine the atmosphere, one of the\nprobes survived its impact with the surface and continued to\ntransmit data for another hour.\n\n     Venus resembles Earth in size, physical composition and\ndensity more closely than any other known planet. However,\nspacecraft have discovered significant differences as well. For\nexample, Venus\' rotation (west to east) is retrograde (backward)\ncompared to the east-to-west spin of Earth and most of the other\nplanets.\n\n     Approximately 96.5 percent of Venus\' atmosphere (95 times as\ndense as Earth\'s) is carbon dioxide. The principal constituent of\nEarth\'s atmosphere is nitrogen. Venus\' atmosphere acts like a\ngreenhouse, permitting solar radiation to reach the surface but\ntrapping the heat that would ordinarily be radiated back into\nspace. As a result, the planet\'s average surface temperature is\n482 degrees Celsius (900 degrees Fahrenheit), hot enough to melt\nlead.\n\n     A radio altimeter on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter provided the\nfirst means of seeing through the planet\'s dense cloud cover and\ndetermining surface features over almost the entire planet.\nNASA\'s Magellan spacecraft, launched on May 5, 1989, has been in\norbit around Venus since August 10, 1990. The spacecraft uses\nradar-mapping techniques to provide ultrahigh-resolution images\nof the surface.\n\n     Magellan has revealed a landscape dominated by volcanic\nfeatures, faults and impact craters. Huge areas of the surface\nshow evidence of multiple periods of lava flooding with flows\nlying on top of previous ones. An elevated region named Ishtar\nTerra is a lava-filled basin as large as the United States. At\none end of this plateau sits Maxwell Montes, a mountain the size\nof Mount Everest. Scarring the mountain\'s flank is a\n100-kilometer (62-mile) wide, 2.5-kilometer (1.5-mile) deep\nimpact crater named Cleopatra. (Almost all features on Venus are\nnamed for women; Maxwell Montes, Alpha Regio and Beta Regio are\nthe exceptions.) Craters survive on Venus for perhaps 400 million\nyears because there is no water and very little wind erosion.\n\n     Extensive fault-line networks cover the planet, probably the\nresult of the same crustal flexing that produces plate tectonics\non Earth. But on Venus the surface temperature is sufficient to\nweaken the rock, which cracks just about everywhere, preventing\nthe formation of major plates and large earthquake faults like\nthe San Andreas Fault in California.\n\n     Venus\' predominant weather pattern is a high-altitude,\nhigh-speed circulation of clouds that contain sulfuric acid. At\nspeeds reaching as high as 360 kilometers (225 miles) per hour,\nthe clouds circle the planet in only four Earth days. The\ncirculation is in the same direction -- west to east -- as Venus\'\nslow rotation of 243 Earth days, whereas Earth\'s winds blow in\nboth directions -- west to east and east to west -- in six\nalternating bands. Venus\' atmosphere serves as a simplified\nlaboratory for the study of our weather.\n     \n\nEarth\n\n     As viewed from space, our world\'s distinguishing\ncharacteristics are its blue waters, brown and green land masses\nand white clouds. We are enveloped by an ocean of air consisting\nof 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other\nconstituents. The only planet in the solar system known to harbor\nlife, Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 150 million\nkilometers (93 million miles). Earth is the third planet from the\nSun and the fifth largest in the solar system, with a diameter\njust a few hundred kilometers larger than that of Venus.\n\n     Our planet\'s rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give\nrise to an extensive magnetic field, which, along with the\natmosphere, shields us from nearly all of the harmful radiation\ncoming from the Sun and other stars. Earth\'s atmosphere protects\nus from meteors as well, most of which burn up before they can\nstrike the surface. Active geological processes have left no\nevidence of the pelting Earth almost certainly received soon\nafter it formed -- about 4.6 billion years ago. Along with the\nother newly formed planets, it was showered by space debris in\nthe early days of the solar system.\n\n     From our journeys into space, we have learned much about our\nhome planet. The first American satellite -- Explorer 1 -- was\nlaunched from Cape Canaveral in Florida on January 31, 1958, and\ndiscovered an intense radiation zone, now called the Van Allen\nradiation belts, surrounding Earth.\n\n     Since then, other research satellites have revealed that our\nplanet\'s magnetic field is distorted into a tear-drop shape by\nthe solar wind -- the stream of charged particles continuously\nejected from the Sun. We\'ve learned that the magnetic field does\nnot fade off into space but has definite boundaries. And we now\nknow that our wispy upper atmosphere, once believed calm and\nuneventful, seethes with activity -- swelling by day and\ncontracting by night. Affected by changes in solar activity, the\nupper atmosphere contributes to weather and climate on Earth.\n\n     Besides affecting Earth\'s weather, solar activity gives rise\nto a dramatic visual phenomenon in our atmosphere. When charged\nparticles from the solar wind become trapped in Earth\'s magnetic\nfield, they collide with air molecules above our planet\'s\nmagnetic poles. These air molecules then begin to glow and are\nknown as the auroras or the northern and southern lights.\n\n     Satellites about 35,789 kilometers (22,238 miles) out in\nspace play a major role in daily local weather forecasting. These\nwatchful electronic eyes warn us of dangerous storms. Continuous\nglobal monitoring provides a vast amount of useful data and\ncontributes to a better understanding of Earth\'s complex weather\nsystems.\n\n     From their unique vantage points, satellites can survey\nEarth\'s oceans, land use and resources, and monitor the planet\'s\nhealth. These eyes in space have saved countless lives, provided\ntremendous conveniences and shown us that we may be altering our\nplanet in dangerous ways.\n     \n\nThe Moon\n\n     The Moon is Earth\'s single natural satellite. The first\nhuman footsteps on an alien world were made by American\nastronauts on the dusty surface of our airless, lifeless\ncompanion. In preparation for the human-crewed Apollo\nexpeditions, NASA dispatched the automated Ranger, Surveyor and\nLunar Orbiter spacecraft to study the Moon between 1964 and 1968.\n\n     NASA\'s Apollo program left a large legacy of lunar materials\nand data. Six two-astronaut crews landed on and explored the\nlunar surface between 1969 and 1972, carrying back a collection\nof rocks and soil weighing a total of 382 kilograms (842 pounds)\nand consisting of more than 2,000 separate samples.\n\n     From this material and other studies, scientists have\nconstructed a history of the Moon that includes its infancy.\nRocks collected from the lunar highlands date to about 4.0-4.3\nbillion years old. The first few million years of the Moon\'s\nexistence were so violent that few traces of this period remain.\nAs a molten outer layer gradually cooled and solidified into\ndifferent kinds of rock, the Moon was bombarded by huge asteroids\nand smaller objects. Some of the asteroids were as large as Rhode\nIsland or Delaware, and their collisions with the Moon created\nbasins hundreds of kilometers across.\n\n     This catastrophic bombardment tapered off approximately four\nbillion years ago, leaving the lunar highlands covered with huge,\noverlapping craters and a deep layer of shattered and broken\nrock. Heat produced by the decay of radioactive elements began to\nmelt the interior of the Moon at depths of about 200 kilometers\n(125 miles) below the surface. Then, for the next 700 million\nyears -- from about 3.8 to 3.1 billion years ago -- lava rose\nfrom inside the Moon. The lava gradually spread out over the\nsurface, flooding the large impact basins to form the dark areas\nthat Galileo Galilei, an astronomer of the Italian Renaissance,\ncalled maria, meaning seas.\n\n     As far as we can tell, there has been no significant\nvolcanic activity on the Moon for more than three billion years.\nSince then, the lunar surface has been altered only by\nmicrometeorites, by the atomic particles from the Sun and stars,\nby the rare impacts of large meteorites and by spacecraft and\nastronauts. If our astronauts had landed on the Moon a billion\nyears ago, they would have seen a landscape very similar to the\none today. Thousands of years from now, the footsteps left by the\nApollo crews will remain sharp and clear.\n\n     The origin of the Moon is still a mystery. Four theories\nattempt an explanation: the Moon formed near Earth as a separate\nbody; it was torn from Earth; it formed somewhere else and was\ncaptured by our planet\'s gravity, or it was the result of a\ncollision between Earth and an asteroid about the size of Mars.\nThe last theory has some good support but is far from certain.\n     \n\nMars\n\n     Of all the planets, Mars has long been considered the solar\nsystem\'s prime candidate for harboring extraterrestrial life.\nAstronomers studying the red planet through telescopes saw what\nappeared to be straight lines crisscrossing its surface. These\nobservations -- later determined to be optical illusions -- led\nto the popular notion that intelligent beings had constructed a\nsystem of irrigation canals on the planet. In 1938, when Orson\nWelles broadcast a radio drama based on the science fiction\nclassic War of the Worlds  by H.G. Wells, enough people believed\nin the tale of invading martians to cause a near panic.\n\n     Another reason for scientists to expect life on Mars had to\ndo with the apparent seasonal color changes on the planet\'s\nsurface. This phenomenon led to speculation that conditions might\nsupport a bloom of martian vegetation during the warmer months\nand cause plant life to become dormant during colder periods.\n\n     So far, six American missions to Mars have been carried out.\nFour Mariner spacecraft -- three flying by the planet and one\nplaced into martian orbit -- surveyed the planet extensively\nbefore the Viking Orbiters and Landers arrived.\n\n     Mariner 4, launched in late 1964, flew past Mars on July 14,\n1965, coming within 9,846 kilometers (6,118 miles) of the\nsurface. Transmitting to Earth 22 close-up pictures of the\nplanet, the spacecraft found many craters and naturally occurring\nchannels but no evidence of artificial canals or flowing water.\nMariners 6 and 7 followed with their flybys during the summer of\n1969 and returned 201 pictures. Mariners 4, 6 and 7 showed a\ndiversity of surface conditions as well as a thin, cold, dry\natmosphere of carbon dioxide.\n\n     On May 30, 1971, the Mariner 9 Orbiter was launched on a\nmission to make a year-long study of the martian surface. The\nspacecraft arrived five and a half months after lift-off, only to\nfind Mars in the midst of a planet-wide dust storm that made\nsurface photography impossible for several weeks. But after the\nstorm cleared, Mariner 9 began returning the first of 7,329\npictures; these revealed previously unknown martian features,\nincluding evidence that large amounts of water once flowed across\nthe surface, etching river valleys and flood plains.\n\n     In August and September 1975, the Viking 1 and 2 spacecraft\n-- each consisting of an orbiter and a lander -- lifted off from\nKennedy Space Center. The mission was designed to answer several\nquestions about the red planet, including, Is there life there?\nNobody expected the spacecraft to spot martian cities, but it was\nhoped that the biology experiments on the Viking Landers would at\nleast find evidence of primitive life -- past or present.\n\n     Viking Lander 1 became the first spacecraft to successfully\ntouch down on another planet when it landed on July 20, 1976,\nwhile the United States was celebrating its Bicentennial. Photos\nsent back from the Chryse Planitia ("Plains of Gold") showed a\nbleak, rusty-red landscape. Panoramic images returned by the\nlander revealed a rolling plain, littered with rocks and marked\nby rippled sand dunes. Fine red dust from the martian soil gives\nthe sky a salmon hue. When Viking Lander 2 touched down on Utopia\nPlanitia on September 3, 1976, it viewed a more rolling landscape\nthan the one seen by its predecessor -- one without visible\ndunes.\n\n     The results sent back by the laboratory on each Viking\nLander were inconclusive. Small samples of the red martian soil\nwere tested in three different experiments designed to detect\nbiological processes. While some of the test results seemed to\nindicate biological activity, later analysis confirmed that this\nactivity was inorganic in nature and related to the planet\'s soil\nchemistry. Is there life on Mars? No one knows for sure, but the\nViking mission found no evidence that organic molecules exist\nthere.\n\n     The Viking Landers became weather stations, recording wind\nvelocity and direction as well as atmospheric temperature and\npressure. Few weather changes were observed. The highest\ntemperature recorded by either craft was -14 degrees Celsius (7\ndegrees Fahrenheit) at the Viking Lander 1 site in midsummer.\n\n     The lowest temperature, -120 degrees Celsius (-184 degrees\nFahrenheit), was recorded at the more northerly Viking Lander 2\nsite during winter. Near-hurricane wind speeds were measured at\nthe two martian weather stations during global dust storms, but\nbecause the atmosphere is so thin, wind force is minimal. Viking\nLander 2 photographed light patches of frost -- probably\nwater-ice -- during its second winter on the planet.\n\n     The martian atmosphere, like that of Venus, is primarily\ncarbon dioxide. Nitrogen and oxygen are present only in small\npercentages. Martian air contains only about 1/1,000 as much\nwater as our air, but even this small amount can condense out,\nforming clouds that ride high in the atmosphere or swirl around\nthe slopes of towering volcanoes. Local patches of early morning\nfog can form in valleys.\n\n     There is evidence that in the past a denser martian\natmosphere may have allowed water to flow on the planet. Physical\nfeatures closely resembling shorelines, gorges, riverbeds and\nislands suggest that great rivers once marked the planet.\n\n     Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. They are small and\nirregularly shaped and possess ancient, cratered surfaces. It is\npossible the moons were originally asteroids that ventured too\nclose to Mars and were captured by its gravity.\n\n     The Viking Orbiters and Landers exceeded by large margins\ntheir design lifetimes of 120 and 90 days, respectively. The\nfirst to fail was Viking Orbiter 2, which stopped operating on\nJuly 24, 1978, when a leak depleted its attitude-control gas.\nViking Lander 2 operated until April 12, 1980, when it was shut\ndown because of battery degeneration. Viking Orbiter 1 quit on\nAugust 7, 1980, when the last of its attitude-control gas was\nused up. Viking Lander 1 ceased functioning on November 13, 1983.\n\n     Despite the inconclusive results of the Viking biology\nexperiments, we know more about Mars than any other planet except\nEarth. NASA\'s Mars Observer spacecraft, to be launched in\nSeptember 1992, will expand our knowledge of the martian\nenvironment and lead to human exploration of the red planet. \n     \n\nAsteroids\n\n     The solar system has a large number of rocky and metallic\nobjects that are in orbit around the Sun but are too small to be\nconsidered full-fledged planets. These objects are known as\nasteroids or minor planets. Most, but not all, are found in a\nband or belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Some have\norbits that cross Earth\'s path, and there is evidence that Earth\nhas been hit by asteroids in the past. One of the least eroded,\nbest preserved examples is the Barringer Meteor Crater near\nWinslow, Arizona.\n\n     Asteroids are material left over from the formation of the\nsolar system. One theory suggests that they are the remains of a\nplanet that was destroyed in a massive collision long ago. More\nlikely, asteroids are material that never coalesced into a\nplanet. In fact, if the estimated total mass of all asteroids was\ngathered into a single object, the object would be only about\n1,500 kilometers (932 miles) across -- less than half the\ndiameter of our Moon. \n\n     Thousands of asteroids have been identified from Earth. It\nis estimated that 100,000 are bright enough to eventually be\nphotographed through Earth-based telescopes.\n\n     Much of our understanding about asteroids comes from\nexamining pieces of space debris that fall to the surface of\nEarth. Asteroids that are on a collision course with Earth are\ncalled meteoroids. When a meteoroid strikes our atmosphere at\nhigh velocity, friction causes this chunk of space matter to\nincinerate in a streak of light known as a meteor. If the\nmeteoroid does not burn up completely, what\'s left strikes\nEarth\'s surface and is called a meteorite. One of the best places\nto look for meteorites is the ice cap of Antarctica.\n\n     Of all the meteorites examined, 92.8 percent are composed of\nsilicate (stone), and 5.7 percent are composed of iron and\nnickel; the rest are a mixture of the three materials. Stony\nmeteorites are the hardest to identify since they look very much\nlike terrestrial rocks.\n\n     Since asteroids are material from the very early solar\nsystem, scientists are interested in their composition.\nSpacecraft that have flown through the asteroid belt have found\nthat the belt is really quite empty and that asteroids are\nseparated by very large distances.\n\n     Current and future missions will fly by selected asteroids\nfor closer examination. The Galileo Orbiter, launched by NASA in\nOctober 1989, will investigate main-belt asteroids on its way to\nJupiter. The Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) and Cassini\nmissions will also study these far-flung objects. Scheduled for\nlaunch in the latter part of the 1990s, the CRAF and Cassini\nmissions are a collaborative project of NASA, the European Space\nAgency and the federal space agencies of Germany and Italy, as\nwell as the United States Air Force and the Department of Energy.\nOne day, space factories will mine the asteroids for raw\nmaterials.\n     \n\nJupiter\n\n     Beyond Mars and the asteroid belt, in the outer regions of\nour solar system, lie the giant planets of Jupiter, Saturn,\nUranus and Neptune. In 1972, NASA dispatched the first of four\nspacecraft slated to conduct the initial surveys of these\ncolossal worlds of gas and their moons of ice and rock. Jupiter\nwas the first port of call.\n\n     Pioneer 10, which lifted off from Kennedy Space Center in\nMarch 1972, was the first spacecraft to penetrate the asteroid\nbelt and travel to the outer regions of the solar system. In\nDecember 1973, it returned the first close-up images of Jupiter,\nflying within 132,252 kilometers (82,178 miles) of the planet\'s\nbanded cloud tops. Pioneer 11 followed a year later. Voyagers 1\nand 2 were launched in the summer of 1977 and returned\nspectacular photographs of Jupiter and its family of satellites\nduring flybys in 1979.\n\n     These travelers found Jupiter to be a whirling ball of\nliquid hydrogen and helium, topped with a colorful atmosphere\ncomposed mostly of gaseous hydrogen and helium. Ammonia ice\ncrystals form white Jovian clouds. Sulfur compounds (and perhaps\nphosphorus) may produce the brown and orange hues that\ncharacterize Jupiter\'s atmosphere.\n\n     It is likely that methane, ammonia, water and other gases\nreact to form organic molecules in the regions between the\nplanet\'s frigid cloud tops and the warmer hydrogen ocean lying\nbelow. Because of Jupiter\'s atmospheric dynamics, however, these\norganic compounds -- if they exist -- are probably short-lived.\n\n     The Great Red Spot has been observed for centuries through\ntelescopes on Earth. This hurricane-like storm in Jupiter\'s\natmosphere is more than twice the size of our planet. As a\nhigh-pressure region, the Great Red Spot spins in a direction\nopposite to that of low-pressure storms on Jupiter; it is\nsurrounded by swirling currents that rotate around the spot and\nare sometimes consumed by it. The Great Red Spot might be a\nmillion years old.\n\n     Our spacecraft detected lightning in Jupiter\'s upper\natmosphere and observed auroral emissions similar to Earth\'s\nnorthern lights at the Jovian polar regions. Voyager 1 returned\nthe first images of a faint, narrow ring encircling Jupiter.\n\n     Largest of the solar system\'s planets, Jupiter rotates at a\ndizzying pace -- once every 9 hours 55 minutes 30 seconds. The\nmassive planet takes almost 12 Earth years to complete a journey\naround the Sun. With 16 known moons, Jupiter is something of a\nminiature solar system.\n\n     A new mission to Jupiter -- the Galileo Project -- is under\nway. After a six- year cruise that takes the Galileo Orbiter once\npast Venus, twice past Earth and the Moon and once past two\nasteroids, the spacecraft will drop an atmospheric probe into\nJupiter\'s cloud layers and relay data back to Earth. The Galileo\nOrbiter will spend two years circling the planet and flying close\nto Jupiter\'s large moons, exploring in detail what the two\nPioneers and two Voyagers revealed.\n     \n\nGalilean Satellites\n\n     In 1610, Galileo Galilei aimed his telescope at Jupiter and\nspotted four points of light orbiting the planet. For the first\ntime, humans had seen the moons of another world. In honor of\ntheir discoverer, these four bodies would become known as the\nGalilean satellites or moons. But Galileo might have happily\ntraded this honor for one look at the dazzling photographs\nreturned by the Voyager spacecraft as they flew past these\nplanet-sized satellites.\n\n     One of the most remarkable findings of the Voyager mission\nwas the presence of active volcanoes on the Galilean moon Io.\nVolcanic eruptions had never before been observed on a world\nother than Earth. The Voyager cameras identified at least nine\nactive volcanoes on Io, with plumes of ejected material extending\nas far as 280 kilometers (175 miles) above the moon\'s surface.\n\n     Io\'s pizza-colored terrain, marked by orange and yellow\nhues, is probably the result of sulfur-rich materials brought to\nthe surface by volcanic activity. Volcanic activity on this\nsatellite is the result of tidal flexing caused by the\ngravitational tug-of-war between Io, Jupiter and the other three\nGalilean moons.\n\n     Europa, approximately the same size as our Moon, is the\nbrightest Galilean satellite. The moon\'s surface displays a\ncomplex array of streaks, indicating the crust has been\nfractured. Caught in a gravitational tug-of-war like Io, Europa\nhas been heated enough to cause its interior ice to melt --\napparently producing a liquid-water ocean. This ocean is covered\nby an ice crust that has formed where water is exposed to the\ncold of space. Europa\'s core is made of rock that sank to its\ncenter.\n\n     Like Europa, the other two Galilean moons -- Ganymede and\nCallisto -- are worlds of ice and rock. Ganymede is the largest\nsatellite in the solar system -- larger than the planets Mercury\nand Pluto. The satellite is composed of about 50 percent water or\nice and the rest rock. Ganymede\'s surface has areas of different\nbrightness, indicating that, in the past, material oozed out of\nthe moon\'s interior and was deposited at various locations on the\nsurface.\n\n     Callisto, only slightly smaller than Ganymede, has the\nlowest density of any Galilean satellite, suggesting that large\namounts of water are part of its composition. Callisto is the\nmost heavily cratered object in the solar system; no activity\nduring its history has erased old craters except more impacts.\n\n     Detailed studies of all the Galilean satellites will be\nperformed by the Galileo Orbiter.\n     \n\nSaturn\n\n     No planet in the solar system is adorned like Saturn. Its\nexquisite ring system is unrivaled. Like Jupiter, Saturn is\ncomposed mostly of hydrogen. But in contrast to the vivid colors\nand wild turbulence found in Jovian clouds, Saturn\'s atmosphere\nhas a more subtle, butterscotch hue, and its markings are muted\nby high-altitude haze. Given Saturn\'s somewhat placid-looking\nappearance, scientists were surprised at the high-velocity\nequatorial jet stream that blows some 1,770 kilometers (1,100\nmiles) per hour.\n\n     Three American spacecraft have visited Saturn. Pioneer 11\nsped by the planet and its moon Titan in September 1979,\nreturning the first close-up images. Voyager 1 followed in\nNovember 1980, sending back breathtaking photographs that\nrevealed for the first time the complexities of Saturn\'s ring\nsystem and moons. Voyager 2 flew by the planet and its moons in\nAugust 1981.\n\n     The rings are composed of countless low-density particles\norbiting individually around Saturn\'s equator at progressive\ndistances from the cloud tops. Analysis of spacecraft radio waves\npassing through the rings showed that the particles vary widely\nin size, ranging from dust to house-sized boulders. The rings are\nbright because they are mostly ice and frosted rock.\n\n     The rings might have resulted when a moon or a passing body\nventured too close to Saturn. The unlucky object would have been\ntorn apart by great tidal forces on its surface and in its\ninterior. Or the object may not have been fully formed to begin\nwith and disintegrated under the influence of Saturn\'s gravity. A\nthird possibility is that the object was shattered by collisions\nwith larger objects orbiting the planet.\n\n     Unable either to form into a moon or to drift away from each\nother, individual ring particles appear to be held in place by\nthe gravitational pull of Saturn and its satellites. These\ncomplex gravitational interactions form the thousands of ringlets\nthat make up the major rings.\n\n     Radio emissions quite similar to the static heard on an AM\ncar radio during an electrical storm were detected by the Voyager\nspacecraft. These emissions are typical of lightning but are\nbelieved to be coming from Saturn\'s ring system rather than its\natmosphere, where no lightning was observed. As they had at\nJupiter, the Voyagers saw a version of Earth\'s auroras near\nSaturn\'s poles.\n\n     The Voyagers discovered new moons and found several\nsatellites that share the same orbit. We learned that some moons\nshepherd ring particles, maintaining Saturn\'s rings and the gaps\nin the rings. Saturn\'s 18th moon was discovered in 1990 from\nimages taken by Voyager 2 in 1981. \n\n     Voyager 1 determined that Titan has a nitrogen-based\natmosphere with methane and argon -- one more like Earth\'s in\ncomposition than the carbon dioxide atmospheres of Mars and\nVenus. Titan\'s surface temperature of -179 degrees Celsius (-290\ndegrees Fahrenheit) implies that there might be water-ice islands\nrising above oceans of ethane-methane liquid or sludge.\nUnfortunately, Voyager\'s cameras could not penetrate the moon\'s\ndense clouds.\n\n     Continuing photochemistry from solar radiation may be\nconverting Titan\'s methane to ethane, acetylene and -- in\ncombination with nitrogen -- hydrogen cyanide. The latter\ncompound is a building block of amino acids. These conditions may\nbe similar to the atmospheric conditions of primeval Earth\nbetween three and four billion years ago. However, Titan\'s\natmospheric temperature is believed to be too low to permit\nprogress beyond this stage of organic chemistry.\n\n     The exploration of Saturn will continue with the Cassini\nmission. The Cassini spacecraft will orbit the planet and will\nalso deploy a probe called Huygens, which will be dropped into\nTitan\'s atmosphere and fall to the surface. Cassini will use the\nprobe as well as radar to peer through Titan\'s clouds and will\nspend years examining the Saturnian system.\n     \n\nUranus\n\n     In January 1986, four and a half years after visiting\nSaturn, Voyager 2 completed the first close-up survey of the\nUranian system. The brief flyby revealed more information about\nUranus and its retinue of icy moons than had been gleaned from\nground observations since the planet\'s discovery over two\ncenturies ago by the English astronomer William Herschel.\n\n     Uranus, third largest of the planets, is an oddball of the\nsolar system. Unlike the other planets (with the exception of\nPluto), this giant lies tipped on its side with its north and\nsouth poles alternately facing the sun during an 84-year swing\naround the solar system. During Voyager 2\'s flyby, the south pole\nfaced the Sun. Uranus might have been knocked over when an\nEarth-sized object collided with it early in the life of the\nsolar system.\n\n     Voyager 2 found that Uranus\' magnetic field does not follow\nthe usual north-south axis found on the other planets. Instead,\nthe field is tilted 60 degrees and offset from the planet\'s\ncenter, a phenomenon that on Earth would be like having one\nmagnetic pole in New York City and the other in the city of\nDjakarta, on the island of Java in Indonesia.\n\n     Uranus\' atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen, with some 12\npercent helium and small amounts of ammonia, methane and water\nvapor. The planet\'s blue color occurs because methane in its\natmosphere absorbs all other colors. Wind speeds range up to 580\nkilometers (360 miles) per hour, and temperatures near the cloud\ntops average -221 degrees Celsius (-366 degrees Fahrenheit).\n\n     Uranus\' sunlit south pole is shrouded in a kind of\nphotochemical "smog" believed to be a combination of acetylene,\nethane and other sunlight-generated chemicals. Surrounding the\nplanet\'s atmosphere and extending thousands of kilometers into\nspace is a mysterious ultraviolet sheen known as "electroglow."\n\n     Approximately 8,000 kilometers (5,000 miles) below Uranus\'\ncloud tops, there is thought to be a scalding ocean of water and\ndissolved ammonia some 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) deep.\nBeneath this ocean is an Earth-sized core of heavier materials.\n\n     Voyager 2 discovered 10 new moons, 16-169 kilometers (10-105\nmiles) in diameter, orbiting Uranus. The five previously known --\nMiranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon -- range in size from\n520 to 1,610 kilometers (323 to 1,000 miles) across. Representing\na geological showcase, these five moons are half-ice, half-rock\nspheres that are cold and dark and show evidence of past\nactivity, including faulting and ice flows.\n\n     The most remarkable of Uranus\' moons is Miranda. Its surface\nfeatures high cliffs as well as canyons, crater-pocked plains and\nwinding valleys. The sharp variations in terrain suggest that,\nafter the moon formed, it was smashed apart by a collision with\nanother body -- an event not unusual in our solar system, which\ncontains many objects that have impact craters or are fragments\nfrom large impacts. What is extraordinary is that Miranda\napparently reformed with some of the material that had been in\nits interior exposed on its surface.\n\n     Uranus was thought to have nine dark rings; Voyager 2 imaged\n11. In contrast to Saturn\'s rings, which are composed of bright\nparticles, Uranus\' rings are primarily made up of dark,\nboulder-sized chunks.\n     \n\nNeptune\n\n     Voyager 2 completed its 12-year tour of the solar system\nwith an investigation of Neptune and the planet\'s moons. On\nAugust 25, 1989, the spacecraft swept to within 4,850 kilometers\n(3,010 miles) of Neptune and then flew on to the moon Triton.\nDuring the Neptune encounter it became clear that the planet\'s\natmosphere was more active than Uranus\'. \n\n     Voyager 2 observed the Great Dark Spot, a circular storm the\nsize of Earth, in Neptune\'s atmosphere. Resembling Jupiter\'s\nGreat Red Spot, the storm spins counterclockwise and moves\nwestward at almost 1,200 kilometers (745 miles) per hour. Voyager\n2 also noted a smaller dark spot and a fast-moving cloud dubbed\nthe "Scooter," as well as high-altitude clouds over the main\nhydrogen and helium cloud deck. The highest wind speeds of any\nplanet were observed, up to 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles) per\nhour.\n\n     Like the other giant planets, Neptune has a gaseous hydrogen\nand helium upper layer over a liquid interior. The planet\'s core\ncontains a higher percentage of rock and metal than those of the\nother gas giants. Neptune\'s distinctive blue appearance, like\nUranus\' blue color, is due to atmospheric methane.\n\n     Neptune\'s magnetic field is tilted relative to the planet\'s\nspin axis and is not centered at the core. This phenomenon is\nsimilar to Uranus\' magnetic field and suggests that the fields of\nthe two giants are being generated in an area above the cores,\nwhere the pressure is so great that liquid hydrogen assumes the\nelectrical properties of a metal. Earth\'s magnetic field, on the\nother hand, is produced by its spinning metallic core and is only\nslightly tilted and offset relative to its center.\n\n     Voyager 2 also shed light on the mystery of Neptune\'s rings.\nObservations from Earth indicated that there were arcs of\nmaterial in orbit around the giant planet. It was not clear how\nNeptune could have arcs and how these could be kept from\nspreading out into even, unclumped rings. Voyager 2 detected\nthese arcs, but they were, in fact, part of thin, complete rings.\nA number of small moons could explain the arcs, but such bodies\nwere not spotted.\n\n     Astronomers had identified the Neptunian moons Triton in\n1846 and Nereid in 1949. Voyager 2 found six more. One of the new\nmoons -- Proteus -- is actually larger than Nereid, but since\nProteus orbits close to Neptune, it was lost in the planet\'s\nglare for observers on Earth.\n\n      Triton circles Neptune in a retrograde orbit in under six\ndays. Tidal forces on Triton are causing it to spiral slowly\ntowards the planet. In 10 to 100 million years (a short time in\nastronomical terms), the moon will be so close that Neptunian\ngravity will tear it apart, forming a spectacular ring to\naccompany the planet\'s modest current rings.\n\n     Triton\'s landscape is as strange and unexpected as those of\nIo and Miranda. The moon has more rock than its counterparts at\nSaturn and Uranus. Triton\'s mantle is probably composed of\nwater-ice, but the moon\'s crust is a thin veneer of nitrogen and\nmethane. The moon shows two dramatically different types of\nterrain: the so-called "cantaloupe" terrain and a receding ice\ncap. \n\n     Dark streaks appear on the ice cap. These streaks are the\nfallout from geyser-like volcanic vents that shoot nitrogen gas\nand dark, fine-grained particles to heights of 2 to 8 kilometers\n(1 to 5 miles). Triton\'s thin atmosphere, only 1/70,000th as\nthick as Earth\'s, has winds that carry the dark particles and\ndeposit them as streaks on the ice cap -- the coldest surface yet\nfound in the solar system (-235 degrees Celsius, -391 degrees\nFahrenheit). Triton might be more like Pluto than any other\nobject spacecraft have so far visited.\n     \n\nPluto\n\n     Pluto is the most distant of the planets, yet the\neccentricity of its orbit periodically carries it inside\nNeptune\'s orbit, where it has been since 1979 and where it will\nremain until March 1999. Pluto\'s orbit is also highly inclined --\ntilted 17 degrees to the orbital plane of the other planets.\n\n     Discovered in 1930, Pluto appears to be little more than a\ncelestial snowball. The planet\'s diameter is calculated to be\napproximately 2,300 kilometers (1,430 miles), only two-thirds the\nsize of our Moon. Ground-based observations indicate that Pluto\'s\nsurface is covered with methane ice and that there is a thin\natmosphere that may freeze and fall to the surface as the planet\nmoves away from the Sun. Observations also show that Pluto\'s spin\naxis is tipped by 122 degrees. \n\n     The planet has one known satellite, Charon, discovered in\n1978. Charon\'s surface composition is different from Pluto\'s: the\nmoon appears to be covered with water-ice rather than methane\nice. Its orbit is gravitationally locked with Pluto, so both\nbodies always keep the same hemisphere facing each other. Pluto\'s\nand Charon\'s rotational period and Charon\'s period of revolution\nare all 6.4 Earth days. \n\n     Although no spacecraft have ever visited Pluto, NASA is\ncurrently exploring the possibility of such a mission.\n     \n\nComets\n\n     The outermost members of the solar system occasionally pay a\nvisit to the inner planets. As asteroids are the rocky and\nmetallic remnants of the formation of the solar system, comets\nare the icy debris from that dim beginning and can survive only\nfar from the Sun. Most comet nuclei reside in the Oort Cloud, a\nloose swarm of objects in a halo beyond the planets and reaching\nperhaps halfway to the nearest star.\n\n     Comet nuclei orbit in this frozen abyss until they are\ngravitationally perturbed into new orbits that carry them close\nto the Sun. As a nucleus falls inside the orbits of the outer\nplanets, the volatile elements of which it is made gradually\nwarm; by the time the nucleus enters the region of the inner\nplanets, these volatile elements are boiling. The nucleus itself\nis irregular and only a few miles across, and is made principally\nof water-ice with methane and ammonia -- materials very similar\nto those composing the moons of the giant planets.\n\n     As these materials boil off of the nucleus, they form a coma\nor cloud-like "head" that can measure tens of thousands of\nkilometers across. The coma grows as the comet gets closer to the\nSun. The stream of charged particles coming from the Sun pushes\non this cloud, blowing it back like a flag in the wind and giving\nrise to the comet\'s "tails." Gases and ions are blown directly\nback from the nucleus, but dust particles are pushed more slowly.\nAs the nucleus continues in its orbit, the dust particles are\nleft behind in a curved arc.\n\n     Both the gas and dust tails point away from the Sun; in\neffect, the comet chases its tails as it recedes from the Sun.\nThe tails can reach 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) in\nlength, but the total amount of material contained in this\ndramatic display would fit in an ordinary suitcase. Comets --\nfrom the Latin cometa, meaning "long-haired" -- are essentially\ndramatic light shows.\n\n     Some comets pass through the solar system only once, but\nothers have their orbits gravitationally modified by a close\nencounter with one of the giant outer planets. These latter\nvisitors can enter closed elliptical orbits and repeatedly return\nto the inner solar system.\n\n     Halley\'s Comet is the most famous example of a relatively\nshort period comet, returning on an average of once every 76\nyears and orbiting from beyond Neptune to within Venus\' orbit.\nConfirmed sightings of the comet go back to 240 B.C. This regular\nvisitor to our solar system is named for Sir Edmond Halley,\nbecause he plotted the comet\'s orbit and predicted its return,\nbased on earlier sightings and Newtonian laws of motion. His name\nbecame part of astronomical lore when, in 1759, the comet\nreturned on schedule. Unfortunately, Sir Edmond did not live to\nsee it.\n\n     A comet can be very prominent in the sky if it passes\ncomparatively close to Earth. Unfortunately, on its most recent\nappearance, Halley\'s Comet passed no closer than 62.4 million\nkilometers (38.8 million miles) from our world. The comet was\nvisible to the naked eye, especially for viewers in the southern\nhemisphere, but it was not spectacular. Comets have been so\nbright, on rare occasions, that they were visible during daytime.\nHistorically, comet sightings have been interpreted as bad omens\nand have been artistically rendered as daggers in the sky.\n\n     The Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) spacecraft will\nbecome the first traveler to fly close to a comet nucleus and\nremain in proximity to it as they both approach the Sun. CRAF\nwill observe the nucleus as it becomes active in the growing\nsunlight and begins to have its lighter elements boil off and\nform a coma and tails. Several spacecraft have flown by comets at\nhigh speed; the first was NASA\'s International Cometary Explorer\nin 1985. An armada of five spacecraft (two Japanese, two Soviet\nand the Giotto spacecraft from the European Space Agency) flew by\nHalley\'s Comet in 1986.\n     \n\nConclusion\n\n     Despite their efforts to peer across the vast distances of\nspace through an obscuring atmosphere, scientists of the past had\nonly one body they could study closely -- Earth. But since 1959,\nspaceflight through the solar system has lifted the veil on our\nneighbors in space. \n\n     We have learned more about our solar system and its members\nthan anyone had in the previous thousands of years. Our automated\nspacecraft have traveled to the Moon and to all the planets\nbeyond our world except Pluto; they have observed moons as large\nas small planets, flown by comets and sampled the solar\nenvironment. Astronomy books now include detailed pictures of\nbodies that were only smudges in the largest telescopes for\ngenerations. We are lucky to be alive now to see these strange\nand beautiful places and objects.\n\n     The knowledge gained from our journeys through the solar\nsystem has redefined traditional Earth sciences like geology and\nmeteorology and spawned an entirely new discipline called\ncomparative planetology. By studying the geology of planets,\nmoons, asteroids and comets, and comparing differences and\nsimilarities, we are learning more about the origin and history\nof these bodies and the solar system as a whole.\n\n     We are also gaining insight into Earth\'s complex weather\nsystems. By seeing how weather is shaped on other worlds and by\ninvestigating the Sun\'s activity and its influence throughout the\nsolar system, we can better understand climatic conditions and\nprocesses on Earth.\n\n     We will continue to learn and benefit as our automated\nspacecraft explore our neighborhood in space. One current mission\nis mapping Venus; others are flying between worlds and will reach\nthe Sun and Jupiter after complex trajectory adjustments. Future\nmissions are planned for Mars, Saturn, a comet and the asteroid\nbelt.\n\n     We can also look forward to the time when humans will once\nagain set foot on an alien world. Although astronauts have not\nbeen back to the Moon since December 1972, plans are being\nformulated for our return to the lunar landscape and for the\nhuman exploration of Mars and even the establishment of martian\noutposts. One day, taking a holiday may mean spending a week at a\nlunar base or a martian colony!\n\n- end -\n     \n',
  u"From: kph2q@onyx.cs.Virginia.EDU (Kenneth Hinckley)\nSubject:   VOICE INPUT -- vendor information needed\nReply-To: kph2q@onyx.cs.Virginia.EDU (Kenneth Hinckley)\nOrganization: University of Virginia\nLines: 27\n\n\nHello,\n     I am looking to add voice input capability to a user interface I am\ndeveloping on an HP730 (UNIX) workstation.  I would greatly appreciate \ninformation anyone would care to offer about voice input systems that are \neasily accessible from the UNIX environment. \n\n     The names or adresses of applicable vendors, as well as any \nexperiences you have had with specific systems, would be very helpful.\n\n     Please respond via email; I will post a summary if there is \nsufficient interest.\n\n\nThanks,\nKen\n\n\nP.S.  I have found several impressive systems for IBM PC's, but I would \nlike to avoid the hassle of purchasing and maintaining a separate PC if \nat all possible.\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nKen Hinckley (kph2q@virginia.edu)\nUniversity of Virginia \nNeurosurgical Visualization Laboratory\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u'From: et@teal.csn.org (Eric H. Taylor)\nSubject: Re: Gravity waves, was: Predicting gravity wave quantization & Cosmic Noise\nSummary: Dong ....  Dong ....  Do I hear the death-knell of relativity?\nKeywords: space, curvature, nothing, tesla\nNntp-Posting-Host: teal.csn.org\nOrganization: 4-L Laboratories\nDistribution: World\nExpires: Wed, 28 Apr 1993 06:00:00 GMT\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <C4KvJF.4qo@well.sf.ca.us> metares@well.sf.ca.us (Tom Van Flandern) writes:\n>crb7q@kelvin.seas.Virginia.EDU (Cameron Randale Bass) writes:\n>> Bruce.Scott@launchpad.unc.edu (Bruce Scott) writes:\n>>> "Existence" is undefined unless it is synonymous with "observable" in\n>>> physics.\n>> [crb] Dong ....  Dong ....  Dong ....  Do I hear the death-knell of\n>> string theory?\n>\n>     I agree.  You can add "dark matter" and quarks and a lot of other\n>unobservable, purely theoretical constructs in physics to that list,\n>including the omni-present "black holes."\n>\n>     Will Bruce argue that their existence can be inferred from theory\n>alone?  Then what about my original criticism, when I said "Curvature\n>can only exist relative to something non-curved"?  Bruce replied:\n>"\'Existence\' is undefined unless it is synonymous with \'observable\' in\n>physics.  We cannot observe more than the four dimensions we know about."\n>At the moment I don\'t see a way to defend that statement and the\n>existence of these unobservable phenomena simultaneously.  -|Tom|-\n\n"I hold that space cannot be curved, for the simple reason that it can have\nno properties."\n"Of properties we can only speak when dealing with matter filling the\nspace. To say that in the presence of large bodies space becomes curved,\nis equivalent to stating that something can act upon nothing. I,\nfor one, refuse to subscribe to such a view." - Nikola Tesla\n\n----\n ET  "Tesla was 100 years ahead of his time. Perhaps now his time comes."\n----\n',
  u'From: keithley@apple.com (Craig Keithley)\nSubject: Re: Moonbase race, NASA resources, why?\nOrganization: Apple Computer, Inc.\nLines: 44\n\nIn article <C5w5un.Bpq@zoo.toronto.edu>, henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry\nSpencer) wrote:\n> \n> The major component of any realistic plan to go to the Moon cheaply (for\n> more than a brief visit, at least) is low-cost transport to Earth orbit.\n> For what it costs to launch one Shuttle or two Titan IVs, you can develop\n> a new launch system that will be considerably cheaper.  (Delta Clipper\n> might be a bit more expensive than this, perhaps, but there are less\n> ambitious ways of bringing costs down quite a bit.)  \n\nAh, there\'s the rub.  And a catch-22 to boot.  For the purposes of a\ncontest, you\'ll probably not compete if\'n you can\'t afford the ride to get\nthere.  And although lower priced delivery systems might be doable, without\ndemand its doubtful that anyone will develop a new system.  Course, if a\nlow priced system existed, there might be demand...  \n\nI wonder if there might be some way of structuring a contest to encourage\nlow cost payload delivery systems.  The accounting methods would probably\nbe the hardest to work out.  For example, would you allow Rockwell to\n\'loan\' you the engines?  And so forth...\n\n> Any plan for doing\n> sustained lunar exploration using existing launch systems is wasting\n> money in a big way.\n> \n\nThis depends on the how soon the new launch system comes on line.  In other\nwords, perhaps a great deal of worthwhile technology (life support,\nnavigation, etc.) could be developed prior to a low cost launch system. \nYou wouldn\'t want to use the expensive stuff forever, but I\'d hate to see\nfolks waiting to do anything until a low cost Mac, oops, I mean launch\nsystem comes on line.\n\nI guess I\'d simplify this to say that \'waste\' is a slippery concept.  If\nyour goal is manned lunar exploration in the next 5 years, then perhaps its\nnot \'wasted\' money.  If your goal is to explore the moon for under $500\nmillion, then you should put of this exploration for a decade or so.\n\nCraig\n\n\nCraig Keithley           |"I don\'t remember, I don\'t recall, \nApple Computer, Inc.     |I got no memory of anything at all"\nkeithley@apple.com       |Peter Gabriel, Third Album (1980)\n',
  u"Subject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nFrom: thacker@rhea.arc.ab.ca\nOrganization: Alberta Research Council\nNntp-Posting-Host: rhea.arc.ab.ca\nLines: 13\n\nIn article <C5t05K.DB6@research.canon.oz.au>, enzo@research.canon.oz.au (Enzo Liguori) writes:\n\n<<<most of message deleted>>>\n\n> What about light pollution in observations? (I read somewhere else that\n> it might even be visible during the day, leave alone at night).\n\n> Really, really depressed.\n> \n>              Enzo\n\nNo need to be depressed about this one.  Lights aren't on during the day\nso there shouldn't be any daytime light pollution.\n",
  u'From: lansd@dgp.toronto.edu (Robert Lansdale)\nSubject: Advice sought: Turning font outlines into renderable polygons\nOrganization: CSRI, University of Toronto\nDistribution: na\nLines: 53\n\n\nI am seeking some alternate solutions on how to turn a Postscript Type 1 or\nTrueType font outline into polygons that can be subsequently scan converted\nby a 3D scanline renderer. \n\nI have been studying the problem of font conversion for a few years but\nhave never had the need to implement such a system. Well, I now have the\nopportunity to write some font rendering software so I would like to have\nsome of my questions answered before I jump into the deep end.\n\nThe main problem I face is how to use the even/odd or non-winding rules to\nturn the outlines into a single outline polygon (my renderer can handle\ncomplex polygons so there is no need to reduce the polygons to simple\npolygons). For example, in the letter "O" there are two outlines:\n\n\t1) The outside outline which is clockwise (TrueType font)\n\t2) The inside outline which is counterclockwise.\n\nOne common solution used by a number of rendering packages is to simply \nconnect the inner outline to the outer outline at the point where the\ntwo outlines are closest. This is equivalent to descibing a "polygon with\nholes". The renderer will then make the appropriate hole since the interior\npolygon edges are in the opposite direction to the outside edges.\n\nI do not want to use this simplistic system since:\n\n\t1) It will not handle all outline fonts properly (it is not a simple\n\t\tmatter to connect the outer outline to the inner outline for\n\t\tsome fancy fonts).\n\t2) It does not properly handle the even/odd or non-winding rules.\n\nFrom my research over the years the proper solution is to use a trapezoid\ndecomposition algorithm to scan convert the outlines into trapezoids (as\nis done by the Postscript and TrueType font rasterizers). These trapezoidal\npolygons can then be easily and properly rendered by the 3D scanline renderer.\n\nMy question is: are there any better solutions to turning the outlines into\npolgyons other than the trapezoid decomposer? I am not fond of this solution\nsince it creates excess number of polygons.\n\nAnother question, for those in the know: what is the best algorithm to create\nbevelled and/or offset curves for font outlines? I have a dozen papers on these\nsubjects but I can\'t tell which method is the best to implement.\n\nThanks for any pointers.\n\n--> Rob Lansdale\n\n-- \nRobert Lansdale - (416) 978-6619       Dynamic Graphics Project\t\nInternet: lansd@dgp.toronto.edu        Computer Systems Research Institute\nUUCP:   ..!uunet!dgp.toronto.edu!lansd University of Toronto\nBitnet:\t  lansd@dgp.utoronto           Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, CANADA\n',
  u'From: perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry)\nSubject: Re: Is Morality Constant (was Re: Biblical Rape)\nOrganization: Decision Support Inc.\nLines: 51\nNNTP-Posting-Host: dsi.dsinc.com\n\nThis (frayed) thread has turned into a patented alt.atheism 5-on-1\nping-pong game, and I don\'t have any strong disagreement, so I\'ll try\nto stick to the one thing I don\'t quite follow about the argument:\n\nIt seems to me that there is a contradiction in arguing that the Bible\nwas "enlightened for its times" (i.e. closer to what we would consider\nmorally good based on our standards and past experience) on the one\nhand [I hope this summarizes this argument adequately], and on the\nother hand:\n\nIn article <1993Apr03.001125.23294@watson.ibm.com> strom@Watson.Ibm.Com (Rob Strom) writes:\n}In article <1phpe1INN8g6@dsi.dsinc.com>, perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry) writes:\n\n}|> }Disclaimer:  I\'m speaking from the Jewish perspective,\n}|> }where "the Bible" means what many call the Old Testament,\n}|> }and where the interpretation is not necessarily the\n}|> }raw text, but instead the court cases, commentaries\n}|> }and traditions passed down through Jewish communities.\n}|> \n}|> This seems the crux to me: if you judge the Bible according to a long\n}|> line of traditions and interpretations coming down to the current day,\n}|> rather than on its own merits as a cultural artifact, then of course\n}|> it will correspond more closely with more contemporary values.\n}\n}But if that\'s how the Bible is actually being used today,\n}shouldn\'t that be how we should judge it?  If most people\n}use scissors to cut paper, shouldn\'t Consumer\'s Reports\n}test scissors for paper-cutting ability, even though\n}scissors may have been designed originally to cut cloth?\n\nThat\'s possibly a good way to judge the use of the Bible in teaching\nJewish morality today, but it hardly seems fair to claim that this\nhighly-interpreted version is what was "enlightened for its times".\nTo (attempt to) extend the analogy, this is like saying that the\noriginal scissor-makers were unusually advanced at paper-cutting for\ntheir times, even though they only ever cut cloth, and had never even\nheard of paper.\n\nI\'m not arguing that the Bible is "disgusting", though some of the\nhistory depicted in it is, by modern standards.  However, history is\nfull of similar abuses, and I don\'t think the Biblical accounts are\nworse than their contemporaries--or possibly ours.  On the other hand,\nI don\'t know of any reason to think the history described in the Bible\nshows *less* abuse than their contemporaries, or ours.  That complex\nand benign moral traditions have evolved based on particular mythic\ninterpretations of that history is interesting, but I still don\'t\nthink it fair to take that long tradition of interpretation and use it\nto attack condemnation of the original history.\n-- \nJim Perry   perry@dsinc.com   Decision Support, Inc., Matthews NC\nThese are my opinions.  For a nominal fee, they can be yours.\n',
  u'From: mancus@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov (Keith Mancus)\nSubject: Re: Lindbergh and the moon (was:Why not give $1G)\nOrganization: MDSSC\nLines: 32\n\nIn article <1r3nuvINNjep@lynx.unm.edu>, cook@varmit.mdc.com (Layne Cook) writes:\n> All of this talk about a COMMERCIAL space race (i.e. $1G to the first 1-year \n> moon base) is intriguing. Similar prizes have influenced aerospace \n> development before. The $25k Orteig prize helped Lindbergh sell his Spirit of \n> Saint Louis venture to his financial backers.\n> But I strongly suspect that his Saint Louis backers had the foresight to \n> realize that much more was at stake than $25,000.\n> Could it work with the moon? Who are the far-sighted financial backers of \n> today?\n\n  The commercial uses of a transportation system between already-settled-\nand-civilized areas are obvious.  Spaceflight is NOT in this position.\nThe correct analogy is not with aviation of the \'30\'s, but the long\ntransocean voyages of the Age of Discovery.  It didn\'t require gov\'t to\nfund these as long as something was known about the potential for profit\nat the destination.  In practice, some were gov\'t funded, some were private.\nBut there was no way that any wise investor would spend a large amount\nof money on a very risky investment with no idea of the possible payoff.\n  I am sure that a thriving spaceflight industry will eventually develop,\nand large numbers of people will live and work off-Earth.  But if you ask\nme for specific justifications other than the increased resource base, I\ncan\'t give them.  We just don\'t know enough.  The launch rate demanded by\nexisting space industries is just too low to bring costs down much, and\nwe are very much in the dark about what the revolutionary new space industries\nwill be, when they will practical, how much will have to be invested to\nstart them, etc.\n\n-- \n Keith Mancus    <mancus@butch.jsc.nasa.gov>                           |\n N5WVR           <mancus@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov>                        |\n "Black powder and alcohol, when your states and cities fall,          |\n  when your back\'s against the wall...." -Leslie Fish                  |\n',
  u'From: kcochran@nyx.cs.du.edu (Keith "Justified And Ancient" Cochran)\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\nX-Disclaimer: Nyx is a public access Unix system run by the University\n\tof Denver for the Denver community.  The University has neither\n\tcontrol over nor responsibility for the opinions of users.\nOrganization: Nyx, Public Access Unix at U. of Denver Math/CS dept.\nLines: 50\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.141714.5576@ra.royalroads.ca> mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee) writes:\n\n[Jesus\' comments about how Christians have to follow the OT deleted...]\n\n>I will clarify my earlier quote.  God\'s laws were originally written for \n>the Israelites.  Jesus changed that fact by now making the Law applicable to\n>all people, not just the Jews.  Gentiles could be part of the kingdom of\n>Heaven through the saving grace of God.  I never said that the Law was made\n>obsolete by Jesus.\n\nExodus 31:12-17.  How many people have you put to death for working on\nthe Sabbath?\n\n>If anything, He clarified the Law such as in that quote you made.  In the\n>following verses, Jesus takes several portions of the Law and expounds upon\n>the Law giving clearer meaning to what God intended.  If you\'ll notice, He\n>also reams into the Pharisees for mucking up the Law with their own contrived\n>interpretations.  They knew every letter of the Law and followed it with their\n>heads but not their hearts.  That is why He points out that our righteousness\n>must surpass that of the Pharisees in order to be accepted into the kingdom\n>of Heaven.  People such as the Pharisees are those who really go out of their\n>way to debate about the number of angels that can dance on the head of a pin.\n>They had become legalistic, rule-makers - religious lawyers who practiced the\n>letter of the Law but never really believed in it.  \n\nLeviticus 17:10.  How as that medium-rare steak last night?\n\n>I think you will agree with me that there are in today\'s world, a lot of\n>modern-day Pharisees who know the bible from end to end but do not believe\n>in it.  What good is head knowledge if there is nothing in the heart?\n\nLeviticus 19:19.  What did you wear to work friday?\n\n>Christianity is not just a set of rules; it\'s a lifestyle that changes one\'s\n>perspectives and personal conduct.  And it demands obedience to God\'s will.\n\nDeutromony 18:1.  I can you can now justify discrimination.\n\n>Some people can live by it, but many others cannot or will not.  That is their\n>choice and I have to respect it because God respects it too.\n\nRight.\n\n>God be with you,\n\nShe is.\n--\n=kcochran@nyx.cs.du.edu | B(0-4) c- d- e++ f- g++ k(+) m r(-) s++(+) t | TSAKC=\n=My thoughts, my posts, my ideas, my responsibility, my beer, my pizza.  OK???=\n=                 "Because I\'m the Daddy.  That\'s why."                       =\n',
  u'From: daviss@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov (S.F. Davis)\nSubject: Re: japanese moon landing/temporary orbit\nOrganization: NSPC\nLines: 46\n\nIn article <pgf.735012282@srl03.cacs.usl.edu>, pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering) writes:\n|> rls@uihepa.hep.uiuc.edu (Ray Swartz (Oh, that guy again)) writes:\n|> \n|> >The gravity maneuvering that was used was to exploit \'fuzzy regions\'.  These\n|> >are described by the inventor as exploiting the second-order perturbations in a\n|> >three body system.  The probe was launched into this region for the\n|> >earth-moon-sun system, where the perturbations affected it in such a way as to\n|> >allow it to go into lunar orbit without large expenditures of fuel to slow\n|> >down. The idea is that \'natural objects sometimes get captured without\n|> >expending fuel, we\'ll just find the trajectory that makes it possible". The\n|> >originator of the technique said that NASA wasn\'t interested, but that Japan\n|> >was because their probe was small and couldn\'t hold a lot of fuel for\n|> >deceleration.\n|> \n|> \n|> I should probably re-post this with another title, so that\n|> the guys on the other thread would see that this is a practical\n|> use of "temporary orbits..."\n|> \n|> Another possible temporary orbit:\n|> \n|> --\n|> Phil Fraering         |"Seems like every day we find out all sorts of stuff.\n|> pgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu|Like how the ancient Mayans had televison." Repo Man\n|> \n|> \n\nIf you are really interested in these orbits and how they are obtained\nyou should try and find the following paper:\n\n     Hiroshi Yamakawa, Jun\'ichiro Kawaguchi, Nobuaki Ishii, \n     and Hiroki Matsuo, "A Numerical Study of Gravitational Capture\n     Orbit in the Earth-Moon System," AAS-92-186, AAS/AIAA Spaceflight\n     Mechanics Meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 1992.\n\nThe references included in this paper are quite interesting also and \ninclude several that are specific to the HITEN mission itself. \n\n|--------------------------------- ******** -------------------------|\n|                                 * _!!!!_ *                         |\n| Steven Davis                   * /  \\   \\ *                        |\n| daviss@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov  *  (<o><o>)  *                       |  \n|                               *  \\>_db_</  *  McDonnell Douglas    |\n|  - I don\'t represent           *   |vv|   *   Space Systems Company| \n|    anybody but myself. -        *  (__)  *    Houston Division     |\n|--------------------------------- ******** -------------------------|\n',
  u'From: eeb1@quads.uchicago.edu (E. Elizabeth Bartley)\nSubject: Re: What part of "No" don\'t you understand?\nReply-To: eeb1@midway.uchicago.edu\nOrganization: University of Chicago\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.182127.23528@advtech.uswest.com>\nsteven@advtech.uswest.com ( Steve Novak) writes:\n>> = "David R. Sacco" writes:\n\n>>Some\n>>people even raised protests when we had a moment of silence for a class\n>>member who had tragically died, saying this implied endorsing religion.\n\n>Because, of course, that possibility existed.  Meaning any student who\n>really gave a shit could have a moment of silence on his/her own, which\n>makes more sense than forcing those who DON\'T want to participate to\n>have to take part.  What other reason is there for an organized "moment\n>of silence"?\n\nA "moment of silence" doesn\'t mean much unless *everyone*\nparticipates.  Otherwise it\'s not silent, now is it?\n\nNon-religious reasons for having a "moment of silence" for a dead\nclassmate: (1) to comfort the friends by showing respect to the\ndeceased , (2) to give the classmates a moment to grieve together, (3)\nto give the friends a moment to remember their classmate *in the\ncontext of the school*, (4) to deal with the fact that the classmate\nis gone so that it\'s not disruptive later.\n\nBlindly opposing everything with a flavor of religion in it is\nutterly idiotic.\n\n-- \nPro-Choice                 Anti-Roe                     - E. Elizabeth Bartley\n            Abortions should be safe, legal, early, and rare.\n',
  u"From: rych@festival.ed.ac.uk (R Hawkes)\nSubject: Re: 3DS: Where did all the texture rules go?\nLines: 34\n\neric.vitiello@tfd.coplex.com (Eric Vitiello) writes:\n\n>TO: rych@festival.ed.ac.uk (R Hawkes)\n\n>RH>I've noticed that if you only save a model (with all your mapping planes\n>RH>positioned carefully) to a .3DS file that when you reload it after restarting\n>RH>3DS, they are given a default position and orientation.  But if you save\n>RH>to a .PRJ file their positions/orientation are preserved.  Does anyone\n>RH>know why this information is not stored in the .3DS file?  Nothing is\n\n>    This is because the PRJ (Project) format saves all of your settings,\n>    right down to the last render file's name.\n\n>RH>I'd like to be able to read the texture rule information, does anyone have\n>RH>the format for the .PRJ file?\n\n>    Sorry... Don't have anything on that or the CEL format.\n\nWell, I dived in feet first and reverse engineered the .PRJ file as much\nas I needed to - extracted the mapping icon information - which is\nwhen it dawned on me that 3D Studio is useless for my needs. I need\na mapping icon per applied texture.  I want to use a special purpose\ngraphics computer for rendering the 3DS models and it requires a texture\nrule/plane to be specified in 3Space, i.e. position/orientation of the\nmapping rule.  Since only one mapping icon is used in 3DS to apply\ntextures to ALL objects/faces, it renders (no pun intended) 3DS totally\nunsuitable for my needs.\n\nAnyone got a contact for Alias Upfront or any other good modeller for a\nPC?  I must be able to specify texture rules (one per texture) and this\nmust be saved in a file which I can read.  I haven't found any info on Alias\nin the copy of the faq that I have.\n\nRych\n",
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Omnipotence (was Re: Speculations)\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 35\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.171143.828@batman.bmd.trw.com>, jbrown@batman.bmd.trw.com writes:\n|> In article <2942949719.2.p00261@psilink.com>, "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com> writes:\n|> >>DATE:   Fri, 2 Apr 1993 23:02:22 -0500\n|> >>FROM:   Nanci Ann Miller <nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu>\n|> >>\n|> >>\n|> >>> > 3. Can god uncreate itself?\n|> >>> \n|> >>> No.  For if He did, He would violate His own nature which He cannot do.\n|> >>> It is God\'s nature to Exist.  He is, after all, the "I AM" which is\n|> >>> a statement of His inherent Existence.  He is existence itself.\n|> >>> Existence cannot "not-exist".\n|> >>\n|> >>Then, as mentioned above, he must not be very omnipotent.\n|> >>\n|> \n|> What do you mean by omnipotent here?  Do you mean by "omnipotent"\n|> that God should be able to do anything/everything?  This creates\n|> a self-contradictory definition of omnipotence which is effectively\n|> useless.\n|> \n|> To be descriptive, omnipotence must mean "being all-powerful" and\n|> not "being able to do anything/everything".\n|> \n|> Let me illustrate by analogy.\n|> Suppose the United States were the only nuclear power on earth.  Suppose\n|> further that the US military could not effectively be countered by any\n|> nation or group of nations.  The US has the power to go into any country\n|> at any time for any reason to straighten things out as the leaders of the\n|> US see fit.  The US would be militarily "omnipotent".\n\nDid you check with the Afghans before posting this?   They\nmight disagree.\n\njon.\n',
  u"From: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nSubject: Re: Rosicrucian Order(s) ?!\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 18\nReply-To: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nIn a previous article, cdcolvin@rahul.net (Christopher D. Colvin) says:\n\n>I worked at AMORC when I was in HS.\n\nOK: So you were a naive teen.\n\n>He [HS Lewis] dates back to the 20's. \n\n\tWrong: 1915 and if you do your homework, 1909.\nBut he was born LAST century (1883).\n\n>\n>Right now AMORC is embroiled in some internal political turmoil. \n\nNo it isn't. \n\n\n",
  u"From: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nSubject: Re: Rosicrucian Order(s) ?!\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 13\nReply-To: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nIn a previous article, sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) says:\n\n>Well, it depends how you look at it. If you are interested I might\n>find out what the latest status is in this legal battle.\n>Kent\n>\n\tPlease do! And if you don't want to post it here, email to me\n:-) I don't know how this discussion is appreciated here. I hate\n'invading' newsgroups with themes of limited interest :-)\n\nTony\n\n",
  u'From: roeber@vxcrna.cern.ch (Frederick Roeber)\nSubject: Re: Internet resources\nReply-To: roeber@cern.ch\nOrganization: CERN -- European Organization for Nuclear Research\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 39\n\nIn article <C69C9K.9FA.1@cs.cmu.edu>, STK1203@VAX003.STOCKTON.EDU writes:\n> I am taking a course entitled "Exploring Science Using Internet".\n> For our final project, we are to find a compendium of Internet resources \n> dealing with a science-related topic. I chose Astronomy. Anyway, I was \n> wondering if anyone out there knew of any interesting resources on Internet\n> that provide information on Astronomy, space, NASA, or anything like that.\n\nDo you know of the world-wide-web?  This is a global hypertext (well, \nhypermedia) network running on the internet.  One of the nice things\nabout it is that is understands and incorporates virtually all of the\nother systems being used, like WAIS, Gopher, FTP, Archie, etc.  It\nis usually quite easy to add existing resources to the web.\n\nIf you\'d like to explore, I\'d suggest getting the XMosaic program,\nwritten at the NCSA.  It\'s an X-windows web browser, and is pretty\nslick.  It can understand and cope with more than text: gif, jpeg, mpeg,\naudio, etc.  There are other browsers, including a text-mode browser\nfor people stuck on a text terminal, but I\'m most familliar with mosaic.\n\nUnder the page "The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Subject Catalogue"\n(this is available under the Documents menu in mosaic, or by any\nbrowser via the URL \nhttp://info.cern.ch/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Overview.html )\nthere is a subject "Space Science."  Currently this points to a\npage under construction, with only the NASA JPL FTP archive.  I\'ve\nvolunteered to take over this page, and in fact I have a replacement\nwith all sorts of information pointers (mostly gleaned from the\nsci.space FAQ).  As soon as the overworked "Subject Catalogue" \nmaintainer switches the "Space Science" pointer, it\'ll be visible.\n\nI\'ll post a short note when this happens.\n\n-- \nFrederick G. M. Roeber | CERN -- European Center for Nuclear Research\ne-mail: roeber@cern.ch or roeber@caltech.edu | work: +41 22 767 31 80\nr-mail: CERN/PPE, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland | home: +33 50 20 82 99\n--  \n"Sorry, baby, I can\'t take you to the pizza joint tonight, I\'ve got to go\nback to the lab and split the atom." -- Ayn Rand, "What is Romanticism?"\n',
  u'From: jmeritt@mental.MITRE.ORG (Jim Meritt - System Admin)\nSubject: Identity crisis (God == Satan?)\nOrganization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway\nLines: 5\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu\n\nII SAMUEL 24: And again the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel,\nand he moved David against them to say, Go, number Isreal and Judah.\n\nI CHRONICLES 21: And SATAN stood up against Isreal, and provoked David to\nnumber Israel.\n',
  u'From: timmbake@mcl.ucsb.edu (Bake Timmons)\nSubject: Re: Amusing atheists and agnostics\nLines: 66\n\n\nJames Hogan writes:\n\ntimmbake@mcl.ucsb.edu (Bake Timmons) writes:\n>>Jim Hogan quips:\n\n>>... (summary of Jim\'s stuff)\n\n>>Jim, I\'m afraid _you\'ve_ missed the point.\n\n>>>Thus, I think you\'ll have to admit that  atheists have a lot\n>>more up their sleeve than you might have suspected.\n\n>>Nah.  I will encourage people to learn about atheism to see how little atheists\n>>have up their sleeves.  Whatever I might have suspected is actually quite\n>>meager.  If you want I\'ll send them your address to learn less about your\n>>faith.\n\n>Faith?\n\nYeah, do you expect people to read the FAQ, etc. and actually accept hard\natheism?  No, you need a little leap of faith, Jimmy.  Your logic runs out\nof steam!\n\n>>>Fine, but why do these people shoot themselves in the foot and mock\n>>>the idea of a God?  ....\n\n>>>I hope you understand now.\n\n>>Yes, Jim.  I do understand now.  Thank you for providing some healthy sarcasm\n>>that would have dispelled any sympathies I would have had for your faith.\n\n>Bake,\n\n>Real glad you detected the sarcasm angle, but am really bummin\' that\n>I won\'t be getting any of your sympathy.  Still, if your inclined\n>to have sympathy for somebody\'s *faith*, you might try one of the\n>religion newsgroups.\n\n>Just be careful over there, though. (make believe I\'m\n>whispering in your ear here)  They\'re all delusional!\n\nJim,\n\nSorry I can\'t pity you, Jim.  And I\'m sorry that you have these feelings of\ndenial about the faith you need to get by.  Oh well, just pretend that it will\nall end happily ever after anyway.  Maybe if you start a new newsgroup,\nalt.atheist.hard, you won\'t be bummin\' so much?\n\n>Good job, Jim.\n>.\n\n>Bye, Bake.\n\n\n>>[more slim-Jim (tm) deleted]\n\n>Bye, Bake!\n>Bye, Bye!\n\nBye-Bye, Big Jim.  Don\'t forget your Flintstone\'s Chewables!  :) \n--\nBake Timmons, III\n\n-- "...there\'s nothing higher, stronger, more wholesome and more useful in life\nthan some good memory..." -- Alyosha in Brothers Karamazov (Dostoevsky)\n',
  u'From: bolson@carson.u.washington.edu (Edward Bolson)\nSubject: Sphere from 4 points?\nOrganization: University of Washington, Seattle\nLines: 18\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu\n\nBoy, this will be embarassing if it is trivial or an FAQ:\n\nGiven 4 points (non coplanar), how does one find the sphere, that is,\ncenter and radius, exactly fitting those points?  I know how to do it\nfor a circle (from 3 points), but do not immediately see a \nstraightforward way to do it in 3-D.  I have checked some\ngeometry books, Graphics Gems, and Farin, but am still at a loss?\nPlease have mercy on me and provide the solution?  \n\nThanks,\nEd\n\n\n-- \nEd Bolson\nUniversity of Washington  Cardiovascular Research               (206)543-4535\nbolson@u.washington.edu (preferred)\nbolson@max.bitnet                bolson@milton.u.washington.edu (if you must)\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Command Loss Timer (Re: Galileo Update - 04/22/93)\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\nKeywords: Galileo, JPL\n\n\n\nINteresting question about Galileo.\n\nGalileo's HGA  is stuck.   \n\nThe HGA was left closed,  because galileo  had a venus flyby.\n\nIf the HGA were pointed att he sun,  near venus,  it would\ncook the foci elements.\n\nquestion:  WHy couldn't Galileo's  course manuevers have been\ndesigned such that the HGA  did not ever do a sun point.?\n\nAfter all,  it would normally be aimed at earth anyway?\n\nor would it be that an emergency situation i.e. spacecraft safing\nand seek might have caused an HGA sun point?\n\npat\n",
  u'From: steve@bcsfse.ca.boeing.com (Steve LeCompte)\nSubject: Re: Boeing TSTO (Was: Words from Chairman of Boeing)\nReply-To: steve@bcsfse.ca.boeing.com\nOrganization: BOECOM System Tools\nLines: 12\n\nIn article <schumach.736269085@convex.convex.com>, schumach@convex.com (Richard A. Schumacher) writes:\n|> [Description of Boeing study of two-staged spaceplane using\n|> supersonic ramjets deleted.]\n|> \n|> In other words, Boeing is not seriously thinking about\n|> reliable, less-expensive access to orbit. They just like\n|> to fool around with exotic airplanes.\n|> \n\nNo, it means that Boeing has something called foresight and vision...\nBoeing became the success it is today by working on what you call "exotic\nairplanes".\n',
  u"From: jr0930@eve.albany.edu (REGAN JAMES P)\nSubject: Re: Pascal-Fractals\nOrganization: State University of New York at Albany\nLines: 10\n\nApparently, my editor didn't do what I wanted it to do, so I'll try again.\n\ni'm looking for any programs or code to do simple animation and/or\ndrawing using fractals in TurboPascal for an IBM\n              Thanks in advance\n-- \n |||||||||||   \t\t \t   ||||||||||| \n_|||||||||||_______________________|||||||||||_      jr0930@eve.albany.edu\n-|||||||||||-----------------------|||||||||||-     jr0930@Albnyvms.bitnet\n |||||||||||  GO HEAVY OR GO HOME  |||||||||||\n",
  u"From: dante@shakala.com (Charlie Prael)\nSubject: Re: army in space\nOrganization: Shakala BBS (ClanZen Radio Network) Sunnyvale, CA +1-408-734-2289\nLines: 23\n\nktj@beach.cis.ufl.edu (kerry todd johnson) writes:\n\n> Is anybody out there willing to discuss with me careers in the Army that deal\n> with space?  After I graduate, I will have a commitment to serve in the Army,\n> and I would like to spend it in a space-related field.  I saw a post a long\n> time ago about the Air Force Space Command which made a fleeting reference to\n> its Army counter-part.  Any more info on that would be appreciated.  I'm \n> looking for things like: do I branch Intelligence, or Signal, or other?  To\n> whom do I voice my interest in space?  What qualifications are necessary?\n> Etc, etc.  BTW, my major is computer science engineering.\n\nKerry-- I'm guessing a little at this, because it's been a few years \nsince I saw the info, but you will probably want to look at Air Defense \nArtillery as a specialty, or possibly Signals.  The kind of thing you're \nlooking for is SDI-type assignments, but it'll be pretty prosaic stuff.\nThings like hard-kill ATBM missiles, some of the COBRA rigs -- that kind \nof thing.  \n\nHope that gives you some ideas on where to look, though.\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------\nCharlie Prael  - dante@shakala.com \nShakala BBS (ClanZen Radio Network) Sunnyvale, CA +1-408-734-2289\n",
  u"From: highlndr@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (The Highlander)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 23\n\ncptully@med.unc.edu (Christopher P. Tully,Pathology,62699) writes:\n\n>Why so up tight?  FOr that matter, TIFF6 is out now, so why not gripe\n>about its problems?  Also, if its so important to you, volunteer to\n>help define or critique the spec.\n\nHEAR HEAR!!!\n\n>Finally, a little numerology:  42 is 24 backwards, and TIFF is a 24 bit\n>image format...\n\nREALLY? i thought that the reason it was 42 was that it is REALLY 24, but\nwritten as 42 so that on Intel chips you could get the proper value :)\n\n-pete\n\nhelp stomp out the endian wars... break some eggs on their sides!\n\n-- \nPeter Mueller (TheBishop)          | When a person commits a violation and sins\nhighlndr@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu          | unintentionally in regard to any of the\npmueller@mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu      | Lord's holy things, he is to bring to the\n                                   | Lord as a penalty, a ram from the flock...\n",
  u'From: bobs@thnext.mit.edu (Robert Singleton)\nSubject: Re: Americans and Evolution\nOrganization: Massachvsetts Institvte of Technology\nLines: 138\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: thnext.mit.edu\n\nIn article <16BA8C4AC.I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de>  \nI3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau) writes:\n> In article <1pq47tINN8lp@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU>\n> bobs@thnext.mit.edu (Robert Singleton) writes:\n>  \n> (Deletion)\n> >\n> >I will argue that your latter statement, "I believe that no gods exist"\n> >does rest upon faith - that is, if you are making a POSITIVE statement\n> >that "no gods exist" (strong atheism) rather than merely saying I don\'t\n> >know and therefore don\'t believe in them and don\'t NOT believe in then\n> >(weak atheism). Once again, to not believe in God is different than\n> >saying I BELIEVE that God does not exist. I still maintain the \n> >position, even after reading the FAQs, that strong atheism requires \n> >faith.\n> >\n>  \n> No it in the way it is usually used. In my view, you are saying here \n> that driving a car requires faith that the car drives.\n>  \n\nI\'m not saying this at all - it requires no faith on my part to\nsay the car drives because I\'ve seen it drive - I\'ve done more\nthan at in fact - I\'ve actually driven it. (now what does require\nsome faith is the belief that my senses give an accurate representation\nof what\'s out there....) But there is NO evidence - pro or con -\nfor the existence or non-existence of God (see what I have to\nsay below on this).\n\n> For me it is a conclusion, and I have no more faith in it than I \n> have in the premises and the argument used.\n>  \n\nSorry if I remain skeptical - I don\'t believe it\'s entirely a\nconclusion. That you have seen no evidence that there IS a God\nis correct - neither have I. But lack of evidence for the existence \nof something is in NO WAY evidence for the non-existence of something \n(the creationist have a similar mode of argumentation in which if they \ndisprove evolution the establish creation). You (personally) have never \nseen a neutrino before, but they exist. The "pink unicorn" analogy breaks\ndown and is rather naive. I have a scientific theory that explains the \nappearance of animal life - evolution. When I draw the conclusion that \n"pink unicorns" don\'t exist because I haven\'t seen them, this conclusion\nhas it\'s foundation in observation and theory. A "pink unicorn", if\nit did exist, would be qualitatively similar to other known entities.\nThat is to say, since there is good evidence that all life on earth has\nevolved from "more primitive" ancestors these pink unicorns would share \na common anscestory with horses and zebras and such. God, however,\nhas no such correspondence with anything (IMO). There is no physical\nframe work of observation to draw ANY conclusions FROM. \n\n\n\n> >But first let me say the following.\n> >We might have a language problem here - in regards to "faith" and\n> >"existence". I, as a Christian, maintain that God does not exist.\n> >To exist means to have being in space and time. God does not HAVE\n> >being - God IS Being. Kierkegaard once said that God does not\n> >exist, He is eternal. With this said, I feel it\'s rather pointless\n> >to debate the so called "existence" of God - and that is not what\n> >I\'m doing here. I believe that God is the source and ground of\n> >being. When you say that "god does not exist", I also accept this\n> >statement - but we obviously mean two different things by it. However,\n> >in what follows I will use the phrase "the existence of God" in it\'s\n> >\'usual sense\' - and this is the sense that I think you are using it.\n> >I would like a clarification upon what you mean by "the existence of\n> >God".\n> >\n>  \n> No, that\'s a word game. \n\nI disagree with you profoundly on this. I haven\'t defined God as\nexistence - in fact, I haven\'t defined God. But this might be\ngetting off the subject - although if you think it\'s relevant\nwe can come back to it. \n\n>  \n> Further, saying god is existence is either a waste of time, existence is\n> already used and there is no need to replace it by god, or you are \n> implying more with it, in which case your definition and your argument \n> so far are incomplete, making it a fallacy.\n>  \n\nYou are using wrong categories here - or perhaps you misunderstand\nwhat I\'m saying. I\'m making no argument what so ever and offering no\ndefinition so there is no fallacy. I\'m not trying to convince you of\nanything. *I* Believe - and that rests upon Faith. And it is inappropriate\nto apply the category of logic in this realm (unless someone tells you\nthat they can logically prove God or that they have "evidence" or ...,\nthen the use of logic to disprove their claims if fine and necessary).\n\nBTW, an incomplete argument is not a fallacy - some things are not\nEVEN wrong. \n\n>  \n> (Deletion)\n> >One can never prove that God does or does not exist. When you say\n> >that you believe God does not exist, and that this is an opinion\n> >"based upon observation", I will have to ask "what observtions are\n> >you refering to?" There are NO observations - pro or con - that\n> >are valid here in establishing a POSITIVE belief.\n> (Deletion)\n>  \n> Where does that follow? Aren\'t observations based on the assumption\n> that something exists?\n>  \n\nI don\'t follow you here. Certainly one can make observations of\nthings that they didn\'t know existed. I still maintain that one\ncannot use observation to infer that "God does not exist". Such\na positive assertion requires a leap.  \n\n\n\n> And wouldn\'t you say there is a level of definition that the assumption\n> "god is" is meaningful. If not, I would reject that concept anyway.\n>  \n> So, where is your evidence for that "god is" is meaningful at some \n> level?\n\nOnce again you seem to completely misunderstand me. I have no\nEVIDENCE that "\'god is\' is meaningful" at ANY level. Maybe such\na response as you gave just comes naturally to you because so\nmany people try to run their own private conception of God down\nyour throat. I, however, am not doing this. I am arguing one, and\nonly one, thing - that to make a positive assertion about something\nfor which there can in principle be no evidence for or against\nrequires a leap - it requires faith. I am, as you would say, a\n"theist"; however, there is a form of atheism that I can respect -\nbut it must be founded upon honesty. \n\n\n\n>    Benedikt\n\n--\nbob singleton\nbobs@thnext.mit.edu\n',
  u'From: bcash@crchh410.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Brian Cash)\nSubject: Re: Are atoms real? (was Re: After 2000 years blah blah blah)\nNntp-Posting-Host: crchh410\nOrganization: BNR, Inc.\nLines: 15\n\nPetri and Mathew,\n\nYour discusion on the "reality" of atoms is interesting, but it\nwould seem that you are verging on the question "Is anything real":\nthat is, since observation is not 100% reliable, how can we say\nthat anything is "real".  I don\'t think this was the intention\nof the original question, since you now define-out the word\n"real" so that nothing can meet its criteria.\nJust a thought.\n\nBrian /-|-\\\n\nPS  Rainbows and Shadows are "real": they are not objects, they\nare phenomenon.  An interesting question would be if atoms\nare objects (classical) or phenomenon (neo-quantum) or what?\n',
  u'From: mike@inti.lbl.gov (Michael Helm)\nSubject: Re: Religion and history; The real discuss\nOrganization: N.I.C.E.\nLines: 38\nReply-To: mike@inti.lbl.gov (Michael Helm)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: 128.3.128.82\n\nMatthew Huntbach writes:\nsm[?]>a real Christian unless you\'re born again is a very fundamental biblical\nsm[?]>conversion and regeneration are \'probably\' part of some small USA-based cult\n\n>the "born-again" tag often use it to mean very specifically\n>having undergone some sort of ecstatic experience (which can in\n>fact be very easily manufactured with a little psychological manipulation),\n>and are often insultingly dismissive of those whose\n>Christianity is a little more intellectual, is not the result\n\nSome of these "cults", which seems like a rather dismissive term\nto me, are pretty big here in the USA.  Most of them\nare quite respectable & neiborly & do not resemble Branch Davidians\nin the least; confusing them is a mistake.  What about "live &\nlet live", folks?  I\'m sure we can uncover a few extremist loonies\nwho are Catholic -- the anti-abortion movement in the USA seems to have a\nfew hard cases in it, for example.\n\n>I\'ve often heard such people use the line "Catholics aren\'t\n>real Christians". Indeed, anyone sending "missionaries" to\n>Ireland must certainly be taking this line, for otherwise why\n>would they not be content for Christianity to be maintained in\n>Ireland in its traditional Catholic form?\n\nI have to agree Matthew with this; I have certainly encountered a lot\nof anti-Catholic-religion propaganda & emotion (& some bigotry) from\nmembers of certain religious groups here.  They also practice their\nmissionary work with zeal among Catholics in the United States, but to\nsomeone who is or was raised Catholic such rhetoric is pretty\noff-putting.  It may work better in an environment where there\'s a lot\nof popular anti-clericalism.\n\nFollow-ups set elsewhere, this no longer seems very relevant to Celtic issues\nto me.\n-- \n\n\n\n',
  u'Subject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nFrom: medkeffjs@hirama.hiram.edu (Jeff Medkeff)\nOrganization: Hiram College\nNntp-Posting-Host: hirama.hiram.edu\nLines: 43\n\n\n> keng@den.mmc.com (Ken Garrido) writes:\n>> royc@rbdc.wsnc.org (Roy Crabtree) writes:\n\n>> >In article <keng.735334134@tunfaire> keng@den.mmc.com (Ken Garrido) writes:\n>> >[lotsa stuff taken out]\n>> \n>> >Bottom line: due process was not served.  No peaceful attempt to serve\n>> >a warrant occurred.\n>> \n>> The peaceful attempt to serve the warrant was met with gunfire. Due process\n>> was not served because the Branch Davidians wanted it that way.\n>> \n>> *You* think on that.\n\nI am not exactly known as a Flower Child Pacifist, but lets call\ncowpoop cowpoop.\n\n"The peaceful attempt to serve the warrant" consisted of the following\nactions, in order:\n\n1) BATF agents forcing their entry of the "compound" through second\nstory windows.\n\n2) BATF agents loosing some grenades (allegedly "stun" or "flash"\ngrenades) which promptly detonated.\n\n*After* which, according to the tapes I have seen, the B-D\nstarted shooting back.\n\nNow exactly how is it that someone breaking into private property\nand tossing grenades around is considered "peaceful" by\n*anyone*? You *think* on that.\n\n(Which is not to say I do not still hold my previous and\nentirely correct notions about what should be worn and\nwhat arms should be used in assaulting a building.)\n\n-- \nJeffrey S. Medkeff      Bitnet-    medkeffjs@hiramb\nPO Box 1098             Internet-  medkeffjs@hiramb.hiram.edu\nHiram, OH 44234         Pale Ebenezer thought it wrong to fight. But\nU.S.A.                  Roaring Bill (who killed him) thought it right.\n',
  u'Subject: Re: islamic authority over women\nFrom: bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine)\nOrganization: Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton,  OR.\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.024626.19942@ultb.isc.rit.edu> snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu (S.N. Mozumder ) writes:\n>\n>Peace,\n\n  Bobby:\n\n  Get this the hell out of your .sig until you 1) learn what it\n  stands for and 2) really mean it.\n\n/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\ \n\nBob Beauchaine bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM \n\nThey said that Queens could stay, they blew the Bronx away,\nand sank Manhattan out at sea.\n\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n',
  u"From: pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)\nSubject: Re: I'll see your demand and raise you... (was Re: After 2000 years etc)\nOrganization: The Duck Pond public unix: +1 408 249 9630, log in as 'guest'.\n\t<C64H4w.BFH@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu>\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <C64H4w.BFH@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu> \nbil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes:\n>Keith M. Ryan (kmr4@po.CWRU.edu) wrote:\n>: [34mAnd now . . . [35mDeep Thoughts[0m\n>: \t[32mby Jack Handey.[0m\n>: [36mIf you go parachuting, and your parachute doesn't open, and your\n>: friends are all watching you fall, I think a funny gag would be\n>: to pretend you were swimming.[0m\n>Keith, \n>As you must know by now there are no Escape Sequences here (ANSI or\n>otherwise). Once you enter here, your terminal beomes dumb. There's\n>something significant about all this ...\n\nYou are in the village. Many happy returns! Be seeing you!\n\n[your ways and means get reign of the tek!]\n",
  u'Subject: Re:  PLANETS STILL: IMAGES ORBIT BY ETHER TWIST\nFrom: alien@acheron.amigans.gen.nz (Ross Smith)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Muppet Labs\nLines: 27\n\nIn article <1993Apr22.213815.12288@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:\n>In <1993Apr22.130923.115397@zeus.calpoly.edu> dmcaloon@tuba.calpoly.edu (David McAloon) writes:\n>\n>> ETHER IMPLODES 2 EARTH CORE, IS GRAVITY!!!\n>\n>If not for the lack of extraneously capitalized words, I\'d swear that\n>McElwaine had changed his name and moved to Cal Poly.  I also find the\n>choice of newsgroups \'interesting\'.  Perhaps someone should tell this\n>guy that \'sci.astro\' doesn\'t stand for \'astrology\'?\n>\n>It\'s truly frightening that posts like this are originating at what\n>are ostensibly centers of higher learning in this country.  Small\n>wonder that the rest of the world thinks we\'re all nuts and that we\n>have the problems that we do.\n>\n>[In case you haven\'t gotten it yet, David, I don\'t think this was\n>quite appropriate for a posting to \'sci\' groups.]\n\nWas that post for real? I thought it was a late April Fool joke. Some of it\nseemed a bit over the top even by McElwaine/Abian/etc standards :-)\n\n--\n... Ross Smith (Wanganui, NZ) ............ alien@acheron.amigans.gen.nz ...\n      "And crawling on the planet\'s face\n      Some insects called the human race\n      Lost in time and lost in space"      (RHPS)\n\n',
  u'From: mbc@po.CWRU.Edu (Michael B. Comet)\nSubject: Re: HOT NEW 3D Software\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 34\nReply-To: mbc@po.CWRU.Edu (Michael B. Comet)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: thor.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nIn a previous article, trb3@Ra.MsState.Edu (Tony R. Boutwell) says:\n\n>There is a new product for the (IBM\'ers) out there... it is called\n>IMAGINE and it just started shipping yesterday... I can personally attest that it will blow the doors off of 3D-Studio.  It is made by IMPUlSE, and is in its\n>\n\tWell....I don\'t know about its competing with 3D studio, but\nit\'s pretty powerful allright.\n\n>\n>also....does anyone here know how to get in the Imagine mailing list??\n>please e-mail me if you do or post up here....\n>\n\n\tYes, send e-mail to:\n\n\timagine-request@email.sp.paramax.com\n\n\tWith a header of something like subscribe.\n\n\n\tI actually work on the FAQ (frequently asked questions).  We\nshould have the new version out of it by next week, but if you want, I\ncould e-mail you the previous one.  It details what the list is etc...\nas well as answering basic questions about Imagine.\n\n\tHope this helps!\n\n\n-- \n+======================================================================+\n|  Michael B. Comet -   Software Engineer / Graphics Artist  - CWRU    |\n|  mbc@po.CWRU.Edu  - "Silence those who oppose the freedom of speech" |\n+======================================================================+\n',
  u"From: saz@hook.corp.mot.com (Scott Zabolotzky)\nSubject: .GIF to .BMP\nOrganization: Motorola, Inc.\nDistribution: usa\nNntp-Posting-Host: 129.188.122.160\nLines: 11\n\nI'm not sure if this is the correct place to ask this question.  If not,\nplease forgive me and point me in the right direction.\n\nDoes anybody know of a program that converts .GIF files to .BMP files\nand if so, where can I ftp it from?  Any help would be greatly \nappreciated.\n\nPlease respond via e-mail as I do not read this group very often.\n\nThanks...Scott\n\n",
  u'From: STK1203@VAX003.STOCKTON.EDU\nSubject: Internet resources\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 14\n\nI am taking a course entitled "Exploring Science Using Internet".\nFor our final project, we are to find a compendium of Internet resources \ndealing with a science-related topic. I chose Astronomy. Anyway, I was \nwondering if anyone out there knew of any interesting resources on Internet\nthat provide information on Astronomy, space, NASA, or anything like that.\n\nTHANKS!\n\n  KEITH MALINOWSKI\n  STK1203@VAX003.Stockton.EDU\n  P.O. Box 2472\n  Stockton State College\n  Pomona, New Jersey 08240\n\n',
  u'From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov\nSubject: U.S. Government and Technolgy Investment\nOrganization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office \nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nLines: 44\n\nPeople who criticize "big Government" and its projects rarely seem to\nhave a consistent view of the role of Government in science and\ntechnology.  Basically, the U.S. Government has gotten into the role of\nsupporting research which private industry finds too expensive or too\nlong-term.  \n\n(Historically, this role for the U.S. Gov\'t was forced upon it because\nof socialism in other countries.  In order for U.S.  industries to\ncompete with government-subsidized foreign competitors, the U.S. Gov\'t\nhas taken on the role of subisizing big-ticket or long-lead R&D.)\n\nAs a Republican, I abhor the necessity for our Government to involve\nitself in technology this way.  I believe that market forces should\ndrive technology, and the world would be a better place for it.  But\nthe whole world would have to implement this concept simultaneously, or\nsome countries would have subsidized R&D, while others would not.  So\nthe U.S. must subsidize because everybody else does.  (This sounds a\nlot like the farm subsidies arguments behind our GATT negotiations,\ndoesn\'t it?)\n\nBut this role of Government subsidies is antithetical to\ncost-effectiveness.  The general idea is to spend money on new\ntechnology, and thereby maintain and promote our technological culture,\ndespite the forces in the business world (like the dreaded quarterly\nearnings report) which erode the ability of U.S. industry to invest in\nnew technology.  And since our goal is to spend money, it makes little\nsense to try to save money.\n\nOf course, we could always spend our money more wisely, but EVERYBODY\ndisagrees about that the wisdom should be.  \n\nIt\'s interesting to note that some of our best tools for cost control\navailable in industry today were derived from Government projects.\nGANTT charts, CP/M, and most of the modern scheduling software comes\nfrom DoD projects and their contractors.  The construction industry\nhas taken these tools to the core of their businesses; every large\nconstruction project now uses these tools.  \n\n-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\n      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368\n\n     "A scientist can discover a new star, but he cannot make one.\n      He would have to ask an engineer to do that."\n        -- Gordon L. Glegg, American Engineer, 1969\n',
  u"From: dan@key3.ae.su.oz.au (Daniel M. Newman)\nSubject: Re: Lindbergh and the moon (was:Why not give $1G)\nReply-To: dan@key3.ae.su.oz.au (Daniel M. Newman)\nOrganization: Aeronautical Engineering, University of Sydney\nLines: 35\nNntp-Posting-Host: key3.ae.su.oz.au\n\nIn article <pgf.735953163@srl03.cacs.usl.edu> pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering) writes:\n>gnb@baby.bby.com.au (Gregory N. Bond) writes:\n>\n>>In article <C5v9Lr.KxF@news.cso.uiuc.edu> jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins) writes:\n>\n>>   [re: voyages of discovery...]\n>>   Could you give examples of privately funded ones?\n>\nMuch of Cook's later exploration was privately funded, by Joseph Banks\namong others (eg in Resolution & the earlier Endeavour).  Colnett's voyage\nto the Galapagos was substantially privately funded by the owners of\nBritish whaling vessels.  Chancellor and Willoughby were privately funded\nby London merchant companies in their voyages to Muscovy.  The list is\nalmost endless.  Those doing the funding were about eighty percent\nmotivated by potential profit, ten percent by potential glory and ten\npercent by the desire to advance the sum of human knowledge.\n\n--\nDan Newman\nAeronautical Engineering\nUniversity of Sydney\nSydney NSW 2050\nAUSTRALIA\nFrom: dan@key3.ae.su.oz.au (Daniel M. Newman)\nPath: key3.ae.su.oz.au!dan\nNewsgroups: sci.space\nSubject: \nExpires: \nReferences: \nSender: \nReply-To: dan@key3.ae.su.oz.au (Daniel M. Newman)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Aeronautical Engineering, Sydney University\nKeywords: \n",
  u"From: oehler@picard.cs.wisc.edu (Eric Oehler)\nSubject: Translating TTTDDD to DXF or Swiv3D.\nArticle-I.D.: cs.1993Apr6.020751.13389\nDistribution: usa\nOrganization: University of Wisconsin, Madison -- Computer Sciences Dept.\nLines: 8\n\nI am a Mac-user when it comes to graphics (that's what I own software and hardware for) and\nI've recently come across a large number of TTTDDD format modeling databases.  Is there any\nsoftware, mac or unix, for translating those to something I could use, like DXF?  Please\nreply via email.\n\nThanx.\nEric Oehler\noehler@picard.cs.wisc.edu\n",
  u"From: d34863@puff.pnl.gov (Annette Koontz)\nSubject: Graphics software needed\nOrganization: Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs, Richland, WA\nLines: 34\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: puff.pnl.gov\nOriginator: d34863@puff.pnl.gov\n\n\nHello,\n\nWe are looking for a graphics package (preferably complete\nwith source code) that will run on our UNIX operating system\n(a Sequent running DYNIX 3.2).  This graphics package must \nsupport a wide variety of character based graphics devices \n(PC's running a terminal emulator, primarily).  \nAt this point, X11 graphics is not an option.\n\nThis graphics program should, if possible, support these\nsorts of graphics operations (minimum requirements):\n\n   1) Complicated axes (log, linear, etc.) with fairly\n      precise axis labels (multi-line labels, etc.)\n      Major and minor tickmarks on axes, etc.\t\n  \n   2) It would be nice if some limited amount of color\n      plotting were available, if the output device\n      supported it.\n\nWe have a copy of gnuplot and are currently using it, but\ngnuplot has some limitations.  We are looking for something\nmore robust than gnuplot.\n\nAt this point, I'm looking for information about packages that\nmight solve our problems.  If you have any information, please\ncontact me at the above email address.  If the product you know\nabout is a commercial software package, please send a phone number\nor email address so that I can contact them about pricing, etc.\n\nAnnette Koontz\nBattelle Pacific Northwest\nRichland, WA 99352 USA\n",
  u'From: lusardi@cs.buffalo.edu (Christopher Lusardi)\nSubject: Program Included: 2 Edge Detection Algorithms!\nArticle-I.D.: acsu.C5JqM6.HLG\nOrganization: State University of New York at Buffalo/Comp Sci\nLines: 142\nNntp-Posting-Host: hadar.cs.buffalo.edu\n\n/*\n\nThis program doesn\'t detect edges with compass operators and a laplacian\noperator. It should output 2 raw grey-scale images with edges. The output\ndoesn\'t look like edges at all.\n\nIn novicee terms, how do I correct the errors? Any improvements are welcome.\n(I\'ll even accept your corrected code.)\n\n(If I convolve the INPUT.IMAGE with a digital gaussian [7 by 7] to remove\nnoise, will I get an improvement with the laplacian.)\n\n--------------------------2 types of edge detection-------------------------*/\n#include <stdio.h> \n#include <math.h> \n\n#define IMAGEWIDTH 300\n#define IMAGEHEIGHT 300\n\nunsigned char Input_Image [IMAGEHEIGHT][IMAGEWIDTH];\n\nunsigned char Angles_Wanted [IMAGEHEIGHT][IMAGEWIDTH];\nunsigned char Magnitude_Image [IMAGEHEIGHT][IMAGEWIDTH];\n\nint Laplace_Op1 [3][3] = { 0,-1, 0, -1,4,-1,  0,-1, 0};\n\nint Compass_Op1 [3][3] = { 1, 1, 1,  0,0, 0, -1,-1,-1};\nint Compass_Op2 [3][3] = { 1, 1, 0,  1,0,-1,  0,-1,-1};\nint Compass_Op3 [3][3] = { 1, 0,-1,  1,0,-1,  1, 0,-1};\nint Compass_Op4 [3][3] = { 0,-1,-1,  1,0,-1,  1, 1, 0};\nint Compass_Op5 [3][3] = {-1,-1,-1,  0,0, 0,  1, 1, 1};\nint Compass_Op6 [3][3] = {-1,-1, 0, -1,0, 1,  0, 1, 1};\nint Compass_Op7 [3][3] = {-1, 0, 1, -1,0, 1, -1, 0, 1};\nint Compass_Op8 [3][3] = { 0, 1, 1, -1,0, 1, -1,-1, 0};\n\nvoid Compass (row,col)\nint row,col;\n{\n  int value;\n  int op_rows, op_cols;\n  int Compass1,Compass2,Compass3,Compass4;\n  int Compass5,Compass6,Compass7,Compass8;\n  \n  Compass1 = Compass2 = Compass3 = Compass4 = 0;\n  Compass5 = Compass6 = Compass7 = Compass8 = 0;\n  \n  for (op_rows = -1; op_rows < 2; op_rows++)\n    for (op_cols = -1; op_cols < 2; op_cols++)\n      {\n\tif (((row + op_rows) >= 0) && ((col + op_cols) >= 0))\n\t  {\n\t    \n\t    Compass1 += ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols]) * \n\t                       Compass_Op1 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1];\n\t    Compass2 += ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols]) * \n\t                       Compass_Op2 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1];\n\t    Compass3 += ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols]) * \n\t                       Compass_Op3 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1];\n\t    Compass4 += ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols]) * \n\t                       Compass_Op4 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1];\n\t    Compass5 += ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols]) * \n\t                       Compass_Op5 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1];\n\t    Compass6 += ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols]) * \n\t                       Compass_Op6 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1];\n\t    Compass7 += ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols]) * \n\t                       Compass_Op7 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1];\n\t    Compass8 += ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols]) * \n\t                       Compass_Op8 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1];\n\t    \n\t  }\n      }\n  if (Compass1 < Compass2)\n    value = Compass2;\n  else \n    value = Compass1;      \n  if (value < Compass3)\n    value = Compass3;\n  if (value < Compass4)\n    value = Compass4;\n  if (value < Compass5)\n    value = Compass5;\n  if (value < Compass6)\n    value = Compass6;\n  if (value < Compass7)\n    value = Compass7;\n  if (value < Compass8)\n    value = Compass8;\n\n  Magnitude_Image [row][col] = (char) value;\n}\n\nvoid Laplace1 (row,col)\nint row,col;\n{\n  int op_rows, op_cols;\n\n  Magnitude_Image [row][col] = 0;\n  for (op_rows = -1; op_rows < 2; op_rows++)\n    for (op_cols = -1; op_cols < 2; op_cols++)\n      if (((row + op_rows) >= 0) && ((col + op_cols) >= 0))\n\tMagnitude_Image [row][col] = \n\t  (char) ((int)Magnitude_Image [row][col] +\n\t\t  ((int) Input_Image [row + op_rows][col + op_cols] * \n\t\t   Laplace_Op1 [op_rows + 1][op_cols + 1]));\n}\n\nmain  ()\n{\n  FILE *Original_Image_fp;\n  FILE *Laplace1_mag_fp,*Laplace2_mag_fp,*Laplace3_mag_fp;\n  FILE *Compass_mag_fp;\n\n  int row, col, Algo_Count;\n\n  Original_Image_fp = fopen ("INPUT.IMAGE","rb");\n\n  Laplace1_mag_fp = fopen ("Laplace1_Magnitude","wb");\n  Compass_mag_fp = fopen ("Compass_Magnitude","wb");\n\n  fread ((unsigned char *) Input_Image,sizeof(unsigned char),IMAGEHEIGHT * IMAGEWIDTH,Original_Image_fp);\n  for (Algo_Count = 0; Algo_Count < 2;Algo_Count ++)\n    {\n      for (row = 0; row < IMAGEHEIGHT; row++) \n\tfor (col = 0; col < IMAGEWIDTH; col++) \n\t  if (!Algo_Count)\n\t    Laplace1 (row,col);\n\t  else \n\t    Compass (row,col);\n      \n      if (!Algo_Count)\n\tfwrite(Magnitude_Image,sizeof(char),IMAGEHEIGHT * IMAGEWIDTH,Laplace1_mag_fp);\n      else \n\tfwrite(Magnitude_Image,sizeof(char),IMAGEHEIGHT * IMAGEWIDTH,Compass_mag_fp);\n    }\n}\n\n  \n-- \n|  .-,                ###|For a lot of .au music: ftp sounds.sdsu.edu\n| /   /   __  ,  _    ###|then cat file.au > /dev/audio\n| \\_>/ >_/ (_/\\_/<>_     |UB library catalog:telnet bison.acsu.buffalo.edu\n|_                14261 _|(When in doubt ask: xarchie, xgopher, or xwais.)\n',
  u'From: danj@welchgate.welch.jhu.edu (Dan Jacobson)\nSubject: Re: Is there an FTP achive for USGS terrain data\nOrganization: Johns Hopkins Univ. Welch Medical Library\nLines: 370\n\nIn article <C6DJ25.6wL@cs.columbia.edu> olasov@cs.columbia.edu (Benjamin Olasov) writes:\n>In article <1993Apr24.220701.26139@welchgate.welch.jhu.edu> danj@welchgate.welch.jhu.edu (Dan Jacobson) writes:\n>\n>[A lot of interesting stuff about gopher - deleted]\n>\n>>If you\'ve never heard of gopher don\'t worry it\'s free and on the net,\n>>write me a note if you\'d like information on how to get started.\n>>\n>>\n>>Best of luck,\n>>\n>>Dan Jacobson\n>>\n>>danj@welchgate.welch.jhu.edu\n>\n>\n>I\'ve heard of it but lost the intro posting that came out a while back -\n>could you post it again?  I think it\'s of general interest.\n>\n>\n>Ben\n>-- \n>Ben Olasov\t\tolasov@cs.columbia.edu\n\n\n\nThis is a heavily edited/modified version of the Gopher FAQ intended to\ngive people just starting with gopher enough information to get a\nclient and jump into Gopher-space - a complete version can be obtained\nas described below.  Once you have a gopher client point it at \nmerlot.welch.jhu.edu and welcome to gopher-space!\n\n\nDan Jacobson\n\ndanj@welchgate.welch.jhu.edu\n\n-----\n\nCommon Questions and Answers about the Internet Gopher, a\nclient/server protocol for making a world wide information service,\nwith many implementations.  Posted to comp.infosystems.gopher, \ncomp.answers, and news.answers every two weeks.\n\nThe most recent version of this FAQ can be gotten through gopher, or\nvia anonymous ftp:\n\nrtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/gopher-faq\n\nThose without FTP access should send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu\nwith "send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources" in the body to find out\nhow to do FTP by e-mail.\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------- \nList of questions in the Gopher FAQ:\n\nQ0:  What is Gopher?\nQ1:  Where can I get Gopher software?\nQ2:  What do I need to access Gopher?\nQ3:  Where are there publicly available logins for Gopher?\nQ4:  Who Develops Gopher Software?\nQ5: What is the relationship between Gopher and (WAIS, WWW, ftp)?\nQ6: Are papers or articles describing Gopher available?\nQ7: What is veronica?\nQ8: What is Available for Biology?\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\nQ0:  What is Gopher?\n\nA0:  The Internet Gopher client/server provides a distributed\n     information delivery system around which a world/campus-wide\n     information system (CWIS) can readily be constructed.   While\n     providing a delivery vehicle for local information,  Gopher\n     facilitates access to other Gopher and information servers\n     throughout the world. \n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\nQ1:  Where can I get Gopher software?\n\nA1:  via anonymous ftp to boombox.micro.umn.edu.  Look in the directory\n     /pub/gopher\n\n--------------------------------------------------------------------\nQ2:  What do I need to access Gopher?\n\nA2:  You will need a gopher "client" program that runs on your local PC\n     or workstation\n\n     There are clients for the following systems.  The directory\n     following the name is the location of the client on the anonymous\n     ftp site boombox.micro.umn.edu (134.84.132.2) in the directory\n     /pub/gopher.\n\n      Unix Curses & Emacs   :  /pub/gopher/Unix/gopher1.12.tar.Z\n      Xwindows (athena)     :  /pub/gopher/Unix/xgopher1.2.tar.Z\n      Xwindows (Motif)      :  /pub/gopher/Unix/moog\n      Xwindows (Xview)      :  /pub/gopher/Unix/xvgopher\n      Macintosh Hypercard   :  /pub/gopher/Macintosh-TurboGopher/old-versions *\n      Macintosh Application :  /pub/gopher/Macintosh-TurboGopher *\n      DOS w/Clarkson Driver :  /pub/gopher/PC_client/\n      NeXTstep              :  /pub/gopher/NeXT/\n      VM/CMS                :  /pub/gopher/Rice_CMS/ or /pub/gopher/VieGOPHER/\n      VMS                   :  /pub/gopher/VMS/\n      OS/2 2.0\t            :  /pub/gopher/os2/\n      MVS/XA                :  /pub/gopher/mvs/\n\n     Many other clients and servers have been developed by others, the\n     following is an attempt at a comprehensive list.  \n\n      A Microsoft Windows Winsock client "The Gopher Book"\n        sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/micro/pc-stuff/ms-windows/winsock/goph_tbk.zip\n\n      A Macintosh Application, "MacGopher".\n        ftp.cc.utah.edu:/pub/gopher/Macintosh *\n\n      Another Macintosh application, "GopherApp".\n        ftp.bio.indiana.edu:/util/gopher/gopherapp *\n\n      A port of the UNIX curses client for DOS with PC/TCP\n        oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu:/public/dos/misc/dosgopher.exe\n\n      A port of the UNIX curses client for PC-NFS\n     \t bcm.tmc.edu:/nfs/gopher.exe\n\n      A beta version of the PC Gopher client for Novell\'s LAN Workplace\n      for DOS\n         lennon.itn.med.umich.edu:/dos/gopher\n\n      A VMS DECwindows client for use with Wollongong or UCX\n         job.acs.ohio-state.edu:XGOPHER_CLIENT.SHARE\n\n\n     * Note: these Macintosh clients require MacTCP.\n\n     Most of the above clients can also be fetched via a gopher client\n     itself.  Put the following on a gopher server:\n\n       Type=1\n       Host=boombox.micro.umn.edu\n       Port=70\n       Path=\n       Name=Gopher Software Distribution.\n\n \n     Or point your gopher client at boombox.micro.umn.edu, port 70 and\n     look in the gopher directory.\n\n\n     There are also a number of public telnet login sites available.\n     The University of Minnesota operates one on the machine\n     "consultant.micro.umn.edu" (134.84.132.4) See Q3 for more\n     information about this.  It is recommended that you run the client\n     software instead of logging into the public telnet login sites.  A\n     client uses the custom features of the local machine (mouse,\n     scroll bars, etc.)  A local client is also faster.\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\nQ3:  Where are there publicly available logins (ie places to telnet to\n     in order to get a taste of gopher) for Gopher?\n\nA3:  Here is a short list, use the site closest to you to minimize\n     network lag.\n\n     Telnet Public Logins:\n\n     Hostname                  IP#              Login   Area\n     ------------------------- ---------------  ------  -------------\n     consultant.micro.umn.edu  134.84.132.4\tgopher  North America\n     gopher.uiuc.edu           128.174.33.160   gopher  North America\n     panda.uiowa.edu           128.255.40.201\tpanda   North America\n     gopher.sunet.se           192.36.125.2     gopher  Europe\n     info.anu.edu.au           150.203.84.20    info    Australia\n     gopher.chalmers.se        129.16.221.40    gopher  Sweden\n     tolten.puc.cl             146.155.1.16     gopher  South America\n     ecnet.ec\t\t           157.100.45.2     gopher  Ecuador\n     gan.ncc.go.jp             160.190.10.1     gopher  Japan\n\n\n     It is recommended that you run the client software instead of\n     logging into the public login sites.  A client uses the\n     custom features of the local machine (mouse, scroll bars, etc.)\n     and gives faster response.  Furthermore many of the basic features\n     of clients - saving a file to your hard drive, printing a file\n     to a local printer, viewing images, retrieving files from ftp\n     sites etc.... are not available by the telnet logins.\n\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\nQ4:  Who Develops Gopher Software?\n\nA4:  Gopher was originally developed in April 1991 by the University\n     of Minnesota Microcomputer, Workstation, Networks Center to help\n     our campus find answers to their computer questions.  \n\n     It has since grown into a full-fledged World Wide Information\n     System used by a large number of sites in the world.\n\n     Many people have contributed to the project, too numerous to\n     count. \n\n     The people behind the much of the gopher software can be reached\n     via e-mail at gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu, or via paper mail:\n   \n      Internet Gopher Developers\n      100 Union St. SE #190\n      Minneapolis, MN 55455  USA\n\n     Or via FAX at:\n \n      +1 (612) 625-6817\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\nQ5: What is the relationship between Gopher and (WAIS, WWW, ftp)?\n\nA5: Gopher is intimately intertwined with these two other systems.\n     As shipped the Unix gopher server has the capability to: \n     \n       - Search local WAIS indices.\n       - Query remote WAIS servers and funnel the results to gopher\n         clients.\n       - Query remote ftp sites and funnel the results to gopher\n         clients.\n       - Be queried by WWW (World Wide Web) clients (either using\n         built in gopher querying or using native http querying.\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\nQ6: Are papers or articles describing Gopher available?\n\nA6: Gopher has a whole chapter devoted to it in :\n\n     _The_Whole_Internet_, Ed Kroll, O\'Reilly, 1992 (Editors note:\n                             ..Great book, go out and buy a bunch!)\n\n     _The_Internet_Passport: NorthWestNet\'s Guide to Our World Online"\n     By Jonathan Kochmer and NorthWestNet. Published by NorthWestNet,\n     Bellevue, WA. 1993. 516 pp. ISBN 0-9635281-0-6. \n     Contact info: passport@nwnet.net, or (206) 562-3000\n\n     _A_Students_Guide_to_UNIX by Harley Hahn. (publisher McGraw Hill,\n     Inc.; 1993 ISBN 0-07-025511-3)\n\n\n     Other references include:\n\n     _The_Internet_Gopher_, "ConneXions", July 1992, Interop.\n\n     _Exploring_Internet_GopherSpace_ "The Internet Society News", v1n2 1992, \n\n     (You can subscribe to the Internet Society News by sending e-mail to\n      isoc@nri.reston.va.us)\n\n     _The_Internet_Gopher_Protocol_, Proceedings of the Twenty-Third\n          IETF, CNRI, Section 5.3\n\n     _Internet_Gopher_, Proceedings of Canadian Networking \'92\n\n     _The_Internet_Gopher_, INTERNET: Getting Started, SRI\n          International, Section 10.5.5\n\n     _Tools_help_Internet_users_discover_on-line_treasures, Computerworld,\n          July 20, 1992\n\n     _TCP/IP_Network_Administration_, O\'Reilly.\n\n      Balakrishan, B. (Oct 1992)\n        "SPIGopher: Making SPIRES databases accessible through the\n      Gopher protocol".  SPIRES Fall \'92 Workshop, Chapel Hill, North\n      Carolina.\n\n      Tomer, C.  Information Technology Standards for Libraries,\n      _Journal of the American Society for Information Science_,\n      43(8):566-570, Sept 1992.\n\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\nQ7: What is veronica?\n\nA7: veronica:  Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to \n     Computerized Archives.\n\n     veronica offers a keyword search of most gopher-server menu titles\n     in the entire gopher web.  As archie is to ftp archives, veronica \n     is to gopherspace.  A veronica search produces a menu of gopher\n     items, each of which is a direct pointer to a gopher data source.\n     Because veronica is accessed through a gopher client, it is easy\n     to use, and gives access to all types of data supported by the\n     gopher protocol.\n\n     To try veronica, select it from the "Other Gophers" menu on \n     Minnesota\'s gopher server, or point your gopher at:\n\n     Name=veronica (search menu items in most of GopherSpace) \n     Type=1 \n     Port=70 \n     Path=1/veronica \n     Host=futique.scs.unr.edu\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nQ8: What is Available for Biology?\n\nA8: There is an incredible amount of software, data and information\n    availble to biologists now by gopher.\n\nHere is a brief list of the Biological Databases that you can search \nvia gopher:\n\n      2.  BDT Tropical Data Base Searches/\n      3.  Biotechnet Buyers Guide - Online Catalogues for Biology <TEL>\n      4.  Search Protein Data Bank Headers <?>\n      5.  Chlamydomonas Genetics Center /\n      6.  Crystallization database/\n      7.  HGMP Databases - Probes and Primers /\n      8.  Museum of Paleontology TYPE Specimen Index <?>\n      9.  MycDB - Mycobacterium DataBase <?>\n      10. Search (Drosophila) Flybase (Indiana)/\n      11. Search (GenBank + SWISS-PROT + PIR + PDB)  <?>\n      12. Search AAtDB -  An Arabidopsis thaliana Database <?>\n      13. Search ACEDB - A Caenorhabditis elegans Database <?>\n      14. Search CompoundKB - A Metabolic Compound Database <?>\n      15. Search Databases at Welchlab (Vectors, Promoters, NRL-3D, EST, OMI../\n      16. Search EMBL <?>\n      17. Search GenBank <?>\n      18. Search Genbank - 2 <?>\n      19. Search Genbank Updates <?>\n      20. Search LiMB <?>\n      21. Search PIR  <?>\n      22. Search PIR (keyword,species...) <?>\n      23. Search PROSITE <?>\n      24. Search Rebase - Restriction Enzyme Database <?>\n      25. Search SWISS-PROT <?>\n      26. Search TFD <?>\n      27. Search the C. elegans Strain List  <?>\n      28. Search the DNA Database of Japan <?>\n      29. Search the EC Enzyme Database  <?>\n      30. Search the GrainGenes database  <?>\n      31. Search the Maize Database /\n      32.  Cloning Vectors: plasmids, phage, etc. <?>\n      33.  EPD - Eukaryotic Promoter Database <?>\n      34.  EST - Expressed Sequence Tag Database - Human <?>\n      35.  wEST - Expressed Sequence Tag Database - C. elegans <?>\n      36.  Kabat Database of Proteins of Immunological Interest <?>\n      37.  NRL_3D Protein Sequence-Structure Database <?>\n      38.  OMIM - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man <?>\n      39.  Seqanalref - Sequence Analysis Bibliographic Reference Data Ban.. <?>\n      40. Search Rebase - Restriction Enzyme Database <?>\n      41. Search the EC Enzyme Database <?>\n      42. Search The Rodent Section of Genbank <?>\n      43. Database Taxonomy (Genbank, Swiss-Prot ...)/\n      44. Retrieve Full PDB Entries by Accession Number <?>\n      45. Search for All Researchers funded by NIH <?>\n      46. Search for Genome Researchers funded by DOE <?>\n      47. Search for Researchers funded by NSF <?>\n      48. Search for Researchers funded by the USDA <?>\n      49. E-mail Addresses of Crystallographers/\n      50. E-mail Addresses of Yeast Reasearchers/\n      51. Phonebooks Around the World/\n      52.  Search and Retrieve Software for All Computers/\n      53.  Search and Retrieve Macintosh Software/\n      54.  Search and Retrieve DOS Software/\n      55.  Search and Retrieve GNU Software/\n      56.  Search and Retrieve Software for Biology/\n      57.  Search for Agricultural Software/\n      58.  Search and Retrieve Graphics Software and Data/\n      59.  Search and Retrieve all Online Perl Scripts/\n      60.  FTP Sites For Biology (56 archives for software and data)/\n\n\nAnd the list goes on - this is just the beginning\n\n',
  u'From: echen@burn.ee.washington.edu (Ed Chen)\nSubject: Windows BMP to Sun raster or others?\nArticle-I.D.: shelley.1r49iaINNc3k\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: University of Washington\nLines: 11\nNNTP-Posting-Host: burn.ee.washington.edu\n\nHi,\n\n\nAnyone has a converter from BMP to any format that xview or xv can\n\nhandle?  This converter must run Unix..  I looked at the FAQ and downloaded\nseveral packages but had no luck...  thanks in advance.\n\ned\n\nechen@burn.ee.washington.edu\n',
  u"From: ricky@watson.ibm.com (Rick Turner)\nSubject: Re: CorelDraw Bitmap to SCODAL\nDisclaimer: This posting represents the poster's views, not necessarily those of IBM.\nNntp-Posting-Host: danebury.hursley.ibm.com\nOrganization: IBM T.J. Watson Research\nLines: 4\n\nMy CorelDRAW 3.0.whatever write SCODL files directly. Look under File|Export\non the main menu. \n\nRick\n",
  u'From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Vandalizing the sky\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 47\n\nWm Hathaway comments;\n>I\'d like to add that some of the "protests" do not come from a strictly\n>practical consideration of what pollution levels are acceptable for\n>research activities by professional astronomers.  Some of what I\n>would complain about is rooted in aesthetics.  Many readers may\n>never have known a time where the heavens were pristine - sacred -\n>unsullied by the actions of humans.  The space between the stars\n>as profoundly black as an abyss can be.  With full horizons and\n>a pure sky one could look out upon half of all creation at a time\n>- none of which had any connection with the petty matters of man.\n>Any lights were supplied solely by nature; uncorruptable by men.\n>Whole religions were based on mortal man somehow getting up there\n>and becoming immortal as the stars, whether by apotheosis or a belief\n>in an afterlife.\n\n>The Space Age changed all that.  [more on man\'s effect on the environment]\n\n>But there is still this desire to see a place that man hasn\'t\n>fouled in some way.\n>.... I think my point about a desire for beauty is valid,\n>even if it can\'t ever be perfectly achieved.\n\nI agree that the desire for beauty is valid, but I think your desire to\nimpose your vision of beauty is not.  You mention the age-old desire to\nsomehow get up there, but ignore the beauty of the actual achievment\nof that vision.  You mention the beauty of a very dark sky, not impeded\nby the effects of humans, but ignore the beauty of the as-dark-as-can-be\nsky that is only visible from space, a vision that we, or at least,\nour descendents, may one day be able to see, in part, because of efforts\nthat others call ugly.  One day, I hope, humans will be able to look out,\nnot upon half the heavens, with only nature-creted lights, but upon all\nof the heavens, with no lights.  If advertising in space can help us reach\nthat goal, it is no less beautiful for the way we reach it, than the\n\'pristine\' sky of yesteryear (or yester-century), which is totally\nunreachable.  One of the original conceptions of beauty in wetsern\nsculpture was a human form, in the effort of striving to reach a goal.\nI don\'t think there\'s any reason to believe that modernity has changed that,\njust because it has changed the way we strive.\n\nBTW, there are places that people haven\'t fouled.  Sometimes they make\nit better.\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u'From: "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com>\nSubject: Re: History & texts (was: Ancient references to Christianity)\nIn-Reply-To: <ltis4sINNk22@saltillo.cs.utexas.edu>\nNntp-Posting-Host: 127.0.0.1\nOrganization: Performance Systems Int\'l\nX-Mailer: PSILink-DOS (3.3)\nLines: 15\n\n>DATE:   24 Apr 1993 11:53:48 -0500\n>FROM:   Russell Turpin <turpin@cs.utexas.edu>\n>\n>\n>The diaries of the followers of the Maharishi, formerly of\n>Oregon, are historical evidence.  \n\nAre you confusing Bhagwan Rajneesh (sp?) with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi\nhere by any chance?  I think Bhagwan was in Oregon with all the Rolls\nRoyces.  Maharishi Mahesh Yogi founded Transcendental Meditation and\ndoes the yogic flying stuff.  Bhagwan\'s group was a communal, free sex\nkind of thing.  I think they both had beards, though.\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: stein@watson.ibm.com (Arthur Stein)\nSubject: Scientific Visualization of Chemical Systems\nDisclaimer: This posting represents the poster\'s views, not necessarily those of IBM.\nNntp-Posting-Host: klaatu.watson.ibm.com\nOrganization: Visualization Systems, IBM\nKeywords: computer graphics, ray tracing, volume rendering\n      --- Scientific Visualization of Chemical Systems ---\n \n           Cornell Theory Center Summer School\n \n          Offered through the Cornell School of\n        Continuing Education and Summer Sessions\n \n                  Course Description\n \n Within the past ten years, the  simulation and  modeling of\nLines: 197\n\nmolecules has evolved from an esoteric academic subject into\na  international  industry. Computer  graphics has played  a\ndecisive role in this transformation by allowing chemists to\nbuild, visualize and interact with complex geometrical objects.\n \nWhile computer scientists are conversant in the language of their\nown discipline, they are often unfamiliar with the terminology,\nsimulation techniques and practical needs of research chemists.\nSimilarly, chemists are often unfamiliar with the latest paradigms\nand technological advances in graphical computing.\n \nThis interdisciplinary course is intended to bridge the gap\nbetween computer science and chemistry and to equip chemistry\nresearchers who wish to be more than just casual users of\nprepackaged graphics software. Although this is not intended to\nbe a course in computational chemistry or drug design, data sets\nfrom chemical research problems will be used in lab and students\nwill be encouraged to bring data sets of their own. Lab exercises\nand projects will be carried out using data-flow programming\n(IBM Visualization Data Explorer software) and students will have\naccess to Cornell Theory Center computing resources, including video\nrecording equipment.\n \nAudience:  researchers and students in the chemical and biological\n           sciences interested in integrating state-of-the-art\n           computer graphics into their research; computer scientists\n           wishing to gain familiarity with a major application of\n           scientific visualization.\n \n           The class size will be limited to 25 participants on a\n           first-come first-served basis.\n \nLevel:     Graduate/advanced undergraduate, 1 or 2 Credits. May be taken\n           without credit as a workshop. Calculus, linear algebra\n           and introductory chemistry required. Familiarity with Unix,\n           X-windows and C is useful but not required.\n \nDate:   June 14-25, 1993  (2 Credits)\n        June 14-18, 1993  (1 or 0 credits)\n \nTime:   Mon-Fri 9:00 am to 12:00 pm and 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm\n \nCost:   0 or 1 credit       $410\n        2 credits           $820\n \nFormat\n \nThe course will be held in the Theory Center training facility\nwhere computer workstations will be available.  Daily lectures will be\ninterspersed with laboratory exercises and ample time will be provided\nfor project enablement and familiarization with the new computing\nenvironment. Students enrolled for one credit will be graded on the basis\nof their laboratory exercises and short final project. Those enrolled\nfor a second credit will receive more advanced lectures, be given\nmore time for project development and meet daily to share experience\nand discuss problems encountered.\n \nContent (may vary)\n \n    Elements of computer graphics\n         polygonal rendering, lighting models, ray tracing, volumetric\n         rendering, stereo graphics, animation, introduction to data-flow\n         programming (DX), interactivity.\n \n    Representing the atom\n         size, time and energy scales\n         basic classical and quantum mechanics\n \n    Important categories of molecules\n         small molecules, biopolymers, surfaces and catalysts,\n         miscellaneous current applications\n \n    Data formats and conversions\n \n    Advanced molecular graphics techniques\n \n    Types of simulation and experiment\n         electronic structure, molecular dynamics/mechanics\n         electrostatics, X-ray crystallography, NMR, quantum\n         dynamics and spectroscopy.\n \nInstructors\n \nThe course will be taught by two instructors. Topics related to computer\ngraphics will be handled by Dr. Bruce Land, Project Leader of Visualization,\nCornell National Supercomputing Facility. Chemistry-specific aspects\nof the course will be handled by Dr. Richard E. Gillilan, Visualization\nSpecialist and Research Scientist, Cornell National Supercomputing Facility\n \nTO REGISTER:  mail completed form to\n \n              Cornell University\n              School of Continuing Education\n              and Summer Sessions\n              B20 Day Hall\n              Ithaca, NY 14853-2801\n \nQuestions:  Richard Gillilan (607) 254-8757\n            richard@tc.cornell.edu\n \nIMPORTANT: Acceptance will be first-come, first-served and based\n           on a target class size of 15 full-credit and 10 single\n           or non-credit participants.\n \nDEADLINE:   May 20, 1993\n \n \n----------------------- Application Form ----------------------\n \n         Scientific Visualization of Chemical Systems\n \n            Chemistry 782    Computer Science 718\n \nU.S. Social Security number (if available) _____ - ___ - _______\n \nCornell ID number (if available) ________________\n \nName: _______________________________________________________________\n         Last            First         Middle        Suffix (Jr, etc)\n \nAddress: _____________________________________________________________\n \n         _____________________________________________________________\n \n         _____________________________________________________________\n \n \nHome Address (where grades will be mailed):\n \n         _____________________________________________________________\n \n         _____________________________________________________________\n \n         _____________________________________________________________\n \nLocal Phone ________________   Home Phone _______________\n \n \nAcademic Discipline _____________________________\n \n \nCourse number (check one):   __ Chemistry  __ Computer Science\n \nCredits:       __.__\n \nStatus:     __ Undergraduate Student   __ Smart Node Consultant\n            __ Graduate Student        __ Smart Node Advisor\n            __ Post-Doctoral\n            __ Faculty                 __ Other (explain) _______________\n \nCorporate Commercial\n \n            __ Research Staff          __ Other (explain) ______________\n \nName of Firm ___________________________________________________________\n \nIndicate which of the following best describes you (optional):\n \n  __ African American  __ Alaskan Native     __ Asian American\n  __ Caucasian         __ Hispanic American  __ Native American\n \nList special needs (e.g. mobility impaired): ____________________________\n \n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \nAccommodations:\n \nBlocks of rooms are available at the Sheraton. Reservations\nmust be made no later than May 17. Be sure to tell them you\nare here for the "Cornell Theory Center Visualization Workshop".\n \n    Sheraton Inn\n         One Sheraton Drive, Ithaca\n         (607) 257-2000\n         FAX: 607-257-398\n         Rates starting at $64.00\n \nOther local motels (Make your reservation early! Our\nworkshop coincides with other Cornell events)\n \nEcono Lodge\n        Cayuga Mall 2303 N. Triphammer Rd. Ithaca\n        (607) 257-1400\n        (800) 466-6900\n        FAX: (607) 257-6359\n        Rates from $35.10 (ask for the Cornell Rate)\n \n \nDorm rooms have also been reserved participants\n(both credit and non-credit). Participants who\nare interested in dorm rooms should call (below)\nfor registration information:\n \nJeanne Miller (607) 254-8813 or Donna Smith (607) 254-8614\nemail: jeanne@tc.cornell.edu or donna@tc.cornell.edu\n \n\n',
  u'From: mcelwre@cnsvax.uwec.edu\nSubject: The LAW of RETRIBUTION\nOrganization: University of Wisconsin Eau Claire\nLines: 89\n\n          \n          \n                            The LAW of RETRIBUTION\n          \n               Violent crime, racism, bigotry, domestic abuse, rape, \n          police brutality and oppression, human rights violations, \n          etc., ETC., continue to get worse and worse in spite of more \n          and more man-made laws on all levels from local ordinances to \n          international law. \n          \n               The man-made laws are NOT working. \n\n               "WHAT WE HAVE HERE IS FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE!"  \n          Perpetrators remain IGNORANT of The LAW--a universal, cosmic, \n          and Spiritual Law--The "LAW of RETRIBUTION" or "KARMA": \n          \n               "Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a \n          man soweth, that shall he also reap."  Galatians 6:7, KJV. \n    \n               "He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity; \n          he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword.  \n          Here is the patience and faith of the saints."  Revelation \n          13:10, KJV. \n    \n               "What goes around comes around."\n\n               This LAW of the Universe is just as real as the physical \n          law that for every action there is an equal and opposite \n          REaction. \n    \n               It is the ENFORCEMENT, the TEETH, behind The "GOLDEN \n          RULE": "Do unto others as you would have others do unto you." \n\n               ALL perpetrators in the present will become VICTIMS in \n          the future, most likely in a FUTURE INCARNATION.  Most \n          victims in the present were PERPETRATORS in the past, usually \n          during a PREVIOUS LIFE. \n          \n               What is needed is a MASSIVE WORLDWIDE PROGRAM of \n          EDUCATION to teach ALL present and potential perpetrators, in \n          a convincing manner (with sufficient supporting evidence), \n          that what they do to others WILL BE DONE TO THEM, in this \n          life or the next. \n          \n               Anyone who doubts the FACT of REINCARNATION, and the \n          related "LAW of Retribution", should read books such as "HERE \n          AND HEREAFTER", by Ruth Montgomery, which describes several \n          kinds of evidence supporting REincarnation, including \n          HYPNOTIC REGRESSION to past lives [about 50% accurate; the \n          subconscious mind can sometimes make things up, especially \n          with a bad hypnotist], SPONTANEOUS RECALL (especially by \n          young children, some of whom can identify their most recent \n          previous relatives, homes, possessions, etc.), DREAM RECALL \n          of past life experiences, DEJA VU (familiarity with a far off \n          land while traveling there for the first time on vacation), \n          the psychic readings of the late EDGAR CAYCE, and EVEN \n          SUPPORTING STATEMENTS FROM THE CHRISTIAN BIBLE including \n          Matthew 17:11-13 (John the Baptist was the REINCARNATION of \n          Elias.) and John 9:1-2 (How can a person POSSIBLY sin before \n          he is born, unless he LIVED BEFORE?!). \n          \n               Strong INTERESTS, innate TALENTS, strong PHOBIAS, etc., \n          typically originate from a person\'s PAST LIVES.  For example, \n          a strong fear of swimming in or traveling over water usually \n          results from having DROWNED at the end of a PREVIOUS LIFE.  \n          And sometimes a person will take AN IMMEDIATE DISLIKE to \n          another person being met for the first time in their PRESENT \n          life, because of a bad encounter with him during a PREVIOUS \n          INCARNATION. \n\n               People would behave much better toward each other if \n          they knew that their actions in the present will SURELY be \n          reaped by them in the future, or in a FUTURE INCARNATION! \n\n \n               For more information, answers to your questions, etc., \n          please consult my CITED SOURCES (books like "HERE AND \n          HEREAFTER", by Ruth Montgomery). \n\n\n               UN-altered REPRODUCTION and DISSEMINATION of this \n          IMPORTANT Information is ENCOURAGED. \n\n\n                                   Robert E. McElwaine\n                                   2nd Initiate in Eckankar,\n                                      (but not an agent thereof)\n\n          \n',
  u'From: beyer@alkymi.unit.no (Paal Beyer)\nSubject: Re: Information on BMP files ?\nOrganization: Norwegian Institute of Technology\nLines: 27\n\nIn article <gnbich.17@med.uovs.ac.za>, gnbich@med.uovs.ac.za (Charles Herbst - Biofisika) writes:\n|> \n|> Is there anybody who can help me with information on the BMP file format ?\n|> Please mail directly to\n|> \n|> \tgnbich@med.uovs.ac.za\n|> \n|> Help will be appreciated\n|> \n|> \n|> Charles Herbst\n|> \n|> \nI have also been looking for this, but I have come up with nothing.\nI have looked in ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu which is supposed to have a lot\nof image-specs.\n\nEmail is preferred. If there is enough interest, I will post a \nsummary.\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------         \n\n    _/_/_/    _/_/_/  _/  _/  _/_/_/  _/_/_/\n   _/    _/  _/      _/  _/  _/      _/    _/\n  _/_/_/    _/_/_/  _/_/_/  _/_/_/  _/_/_/\n _/    _/  _/        _/    _/      _/  _/\n_/_/_/    _/_/_/    _/    _/_/_/  _/    _/ @lise.unit.no\n',
  u'From: mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nArticle-I.D.: mksol.1993Apr22.204742.10671\nOrganization: Texas Instruments Inc\nLines: 62\n\nIn <C5tvL2.1In@hermes.hrz.uni-bielefeld.de> hoover@mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de (Uwe Schuerkamp) writes:\n\n>In article <C5t05K.DB6@research.canon.oz.au> enzo@research.canon.oz.au \n>(Enzo Liguori) writes:\n\n>> hideous vision of the future.  Observers were\n>>startled this spring when a NASA launch vehicle arrived at the\n>>pad with "SCHWARZENEGGER" painted in huge block letters on the\n\n>This is ok in my opinion as long as the stuff *returns to earth*.\n\n>>What do you think of this revolting and hideous attempt to vandalize\n>>the night sky? It is not even April 1 anymore.\n\n>If this turns out to be true, it\'s time to get seriously active in\n>terrorism. This is unbelievable! Who do those people think they are,\n>selling every bit that promises to make money? \n\nWell, I guess I\'m left wondering just who all the \'light fascists\'\nthink *they* are.  Yes, I understand the issues.  I don\'t even\nparticularly care for the idea.  But am I the only one that finds the\nsort of overreaction above just a *little* questionable?  You must\nfind things like the Moon *really* obnoxious in their pollution.\n\nA few questions for those frothing at the mouth to ask themselves:\n\n\t1) How long is this thing supposed to stay up?  Sounds like it\nwould have a *huge* drag area, not a lot of mass, and be in a fairly\nlow orbit.\n\n\t2) Just what orbital parameters are we talking about here?\nWhat real impact are we talking about, really?  How many optical\nastronomers are *really* going to be impacted?\n\n\t3) Which is more important; adding a few extra days of\n\'seeing\' for (very few) optical astronomers or getting the data the\nsensors are supposed to return along with the data for large\ninflatables (and the potential there for an inflatable space station)?\nThe choice would seem to be one or the other, since the advertising is\nbeing used to help fund this thing.\n\n\t4) If your answer to 3) above was "the astronomers", then feel\nfree to come up with some other way to fund the (to my mind) more\nimportant research data that would be gained by this WITHOUT SPENDING\nANY MORE OF MY MONEY TO DO IT.  In other words, put up or shut up.\n\n>I guess we really\n>deserve being wiped out by uv radiation, folks. "Stupidity wins". I\n>guess that\'s true, and if only by pure numbers.\n\nProbably so.  I\'m just not sure we agree about who the \'stupid\' are. \n\n>\tAnother depressed planetary citizen,\n>\thoover\n\nYeah, me too.\n\n-- \n"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don\'t have the balls to live\n in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don\'t speak for others and they don\'t speak for me.\n',
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: A Little Too Satanic\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 16\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <66486@mimsy.umd.edu>, mangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate) writes:\n|> Jeff West writes:\n|> \n|> >You claimed that people that took the time to translate the bible would\n|> >also take the time to get it right.  But here in less than a couple\n|> >generations you\'ve been given ample proof (agreed to by yourself above)\n|> >that the "new" versions "tends to be out of step with other modern\n|> >translations."\n|> \n|> What I said was that people took time to *copy* *the* *text* correctly.\n|> Translations present completely different issues.\n\nSo why do I read in the papers that the Qumram texts had "different\nversions" of some OT texts.   Did I misunderstand?\n\njon. \n',
  u'Subject: Rendering Software for Multi-processor Computer S\nFrom: wcarter@trident.datasys.swri.edu (William Carter)\nOrganization: Southwest Research Institute\nLines: 13\n\n\nHello,\n\n    I am searching for rendering software which has been developed\nto specifically take advantage of multi-processor computer systems.\nAny pointers to such software would be greatly appreciated.\n    \nThanks.\n\n-- \nBilly Carter, Software Engineering Section\nSouthwest Research Institute\nwcarter@swri.edu\n',
  u'From: popec@brewich.hou.tx.us (Pope Charles)\nSubject: Re: Freemasonry and the Southern Baptist Convention\nOrganization: The Brewers\' Witch BBS, +1 713 272 7350, Brewich.Hou.TX.US\nLines: 72\n\nlowell@locus.com (Lowell Morrison) writes:\n\n> In article <1qv82l$oj2@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony\n> >\n> >\n> >     With the Southern Baptist Convention convening this June to consider\n> >the charges that Freemasonry is incompatible with christianity, I thought\n> >the following quotes by Mr. James Holly, the Anti-Masonic Flag Carrier,\n> >would amuse you all...\n> >\n> >\n> >     The following passages are exact quotes from "The Southern \n> >Baptist Convention and Freemasonry" by James L. Holly, M.D., President\n> >of Mission and Ministry To Men, Inc., 550 N 10th St., Beaumont, TX \n> >77706. \n> > \n> <much drivel deleted>\n> >     "Jesus Christ never commanded toleration as a motive for His \n> >disciples, and toleration is the antithesis of the Christian message."\n> >Page 30. \n> > \n> >     "The central dynamic of the Freemason drive for world unity \n> >through fraternity, liberty and equality is toleration. This is seen \n> >in the writings of the \'great\' writers of Freemasonry". Page 31. \n> <more drivel deleted>\n> >     I hope you all had a good laugh! I know *I* did! <g>,\n> >\n> >\n> >Tony   \n> A Laugh?  Tony, this religeous bigot scares the shit out of me, and that\n> any one bothers to listen to him causes me to have grave doubts about the\n> future of just about anything.  Shades of the Branch Davidians, Jim Jones,\n> and Charlie Manson.\n> \n> --Uncle Wolf\n> --Member Highland Lodge 748 F&AM (Grand Lodge of California)\n> --Babtized a Southern Babtist\n> --And one who has beliefs beyond the teachings of either.\n> \n> > \n> > \n> \n> \n\n\nNot to worry.  The Masons have been demonized and harrassed by almost \nevery major Xian church there is.  For centuries now.  And still they \nstand.  They wil withstand the miserable Southern Boobtists, I am sure.\nThey may even pick up a little support as people start to listen to the \nBoobtists and realize that subtracting the obvious lies and claims of \nSatanism that the Masons sound pretty good by comparison.  One thing is \nknown.  A sizable proportion of Southern Babtists are Masons!  And the \nMasons have already fired back in their own magazines against the \nBoobtist Witch-hunt.\n  Since the Consrervatives have already been a divisive element with \ntheir war on Boobtist moderates and liberals, they may now start in on \ntheir Mason/Boobtist brothers and hasten their own downfall as more and \nmore Southern Boobtists realize their church can\'t stand being run by a \nhandful of clowns looking for holy civil wars and purity tests and drop \n\'em out of the leadership positions they have taken over.\n  So as far as I am concerned, the louder, ruder, and more outrageous \nan Anti-Masonic Crusade these old goats mount, the better.\n\nPop some pocorn and get a center row seat.  The circus is about to begin.\nAnd, Oh Look!  HERE COME THE CLOWNS!\n\n\nPope Charles    Slack!\n\n------------------\npopec@brewich.hou.tx.us (Pope Charles)\nOrigin: The Brewers\' Witch BBS -- Houston, TX -- +1 713 272 7350\n',
  u"From: egerter@gaul.csd.uwo.ca (Barry Egerter)\nSubject: Re: Graphics Library Package\nOrganization: Computer Science Dept., Univ. of Western Ontario, London, Canada\nNntp-Posting-Host: obelix.gaul.csd.uwo.ca\nLines: 43\n\n\n\tWGT is the WordUp Graphics Toolkit, designed by yours truly and my\nco-programmer (and brother) Chris Egerter. It is a Turbo/Borland C++ graphics\nlibrary for programming in 320*200*256 VGA. We are currently producing it as\nshareware, but in a few years it may be a commercial product (excuse typos,\nthere's no backspace on this terminal). Features include:\n\n- loading and saving bit-images (called blocks from herein)\n- flipping, resizing and warping blocks\n- loading and saving palette, fading, several in memory at once\n- graphics primitives such as line, circle, bar, rectangle\n- region fill (not the usually useless floodfill)\n- sprites (animated bitmaps), up to 200 onscreen at once\n- joystick/mouse support\n- SB support (VOC and CMF)\n- tile-based game creation using 16*16 pixel tiles to create\n  a 320*200 tile map (or game world) like in Duke Nuke 'Em\n- number of sprites increased to 1000\n- Professional Sprite Creator utility and Map Maker\n-  routines to simplify scrolling games using maps, etc\n- FLI playing routines, sprites can be animated over the FLI while playing\n- PCX support, soon GIF\n- EMS/XMS coming soon as well\n\nLeave E-mail to Barry Egerter at    egerter@obelix.gaul.csd.uwo.ca\n\nFiles available on:      (use  mget wgt*.zip)\n\nSIMTEL20 and mirrors                pd1:<msdos.turbo-c>\n\nnic.funet.fi                        pub/msdos/games/programming\n\nSome sites may not have recent files, contact me for info regarding the up-to-\ndate information.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
  u"From: C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV (CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA EGALON)\nSubject: Re: pushing the envelope\nArticle-I.D.: rave.1psogpINNksq\nReply-To: C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV (CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA EGALON)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  USA\nLines: 11\nNNTP-Posting-Host: tahiti.larc.nasa.gov\n\n\n> flight tests are generally carefully coreographed and just what \n> is going to be  'pushed' and how\n> far is precisely planned (despite occasional deviations from plans,\n> such as the 'early' first flight of the F-16 during its high-speed\n> taxi tests).\n\n.. and Chuck Yeager earlier flights with the X-1...\n\n\n C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV\n",
  u'From: danb@shell.portal.com (Dan E Babcock)\nSubject: Re: Societal basis for morality\nNntp-Posting-Host: jobe\nOrganization: Portal Communications Company -- 408/973-9111 (voice) 408/973-8091 (data)\nLines: 14\n\nIn article <C5zu3K.FzD@news.cso.uiuc.edu> cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb) writes:\n>1)On what basis can we say that the actions of another society, (as per Hitler\n>comment) are wrong?\n\nUltimately it rests with personal opinion...in my opinion. :-) \n\n>2)Why does majority make right?\n\nThe question doesn\'t make sense to me. Maybe it would be better to ask,\n"What makes a democracy better than [for example] a totalitarian\nregim?"\n\nDan\n\n',
  u"From: N020BA@tamvm1.tamu.edu\nSubject: Re: Help! Need 3-D graphics code/package for DOS!!!\nOrganization: Texas A&M University\nLines: 32\nNNTP-Posting-Host: tamvm1.tamu.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr19.101747.22169@ugle.unit.no>\nrazor@swix.nvg.unit.no (Runar Jordahl) writes:\n>\n>N020BA@tamvm1.tamu.edu wrote:\n>:     Help!! I need code/package/whatever to take 3-D data and turn it into\n>: a wireframe surface with hidden lines removed. I'm using a DOS machine, and\n>: the code can be in ANSI C or C++, ANSI Fortran or Basic. The data I'm using\n>: forms a rectangular grid.\n>: is a general interest question.\n>:    Thank you!!!!!!\n \n      I'm afraid your reply didn't get thru. I do appreciate you trying to\nreply, however. Please try again.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n",
  u"From: dlecoint@garnet.acns.fsu.edu (Darius_Lecointe)\nSubject: Re: What RIGHT ?\nOrganization: Florida State University\nLines: 31\n\njoakimr@ifi.uio.no (Joakim Ruud) writes:\n> \n> Recently, I've asked myself a rather interesting question: What RIGHT does\n> god have on our lives (always assuming there is a god, of course...!) ??\n> \n> In his infinite wisdom, he made it perfectly clear that if we don't live\n> according to his rules, we will burn in hell. Well, with what RIGHT can god\n> make that desicion? Let's say, for the sake of argument, that god creates every\n> one of us (directly or indirectly, it doesn't matter.). What then happens, is\n> that he first creates us, and then turns us lose. Well, I didn't ask to be\n> created. \n> \n> Let's make an analogue. If a scientist creates a unique living creature (which\n> has happened, it was even patented...!!!), does he then have the right to\n> expect it to behave in a certain matter, or die...?\n> \n> Who is god to impose its rules on us ? Who can tell if god is REALLY so\n> righteous as god likes us to believe? Are all christians a flock of sheep,\n> unable to do otherwise that follow the rest? \n> \n> Hmmmmmmmmmmmm.\n> \n> I just want to point out that this is not sarcasm, I mean it.\n> \n> \t\t \tHow should one deal with a man who is convinced that\n> \t\t \the is acting according to God's will, and who there-\n>      Jokke\t\tfore believes that he is doing you a favour by\n> \t\t \tstabbing you in the back?\n>  \n> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t-Voltaire\n> \n",
  u'Subject: Re: islamic authority over women\nFrom: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\nLines: 29\n\nIn article <1993Apr6.124112.12959@dcs.warwick.ac.uk> simon@dcs.warwick.ac.uk (Simon Clippingdale) writes:\n\n>For the guy who said he\'s just arrived, and asked whether Bobby\'s for real,\n>you betcha. Welcome to alt.atheism, and rest assured that it gets worse.\n>I have a few pearls of wisdom from Bobby which I reproduce below. Is anyone\n>(Keith?) keeping a big file of such stuff?\n\n\tSorry, I was, but I somehow have misplaced my diskette from the last \ncouple of months or so. However, thanks to the efforts of Bobby, it is being \nreplenished rather quickly!  \n\n\tHere is a recent favorite:\n\n\t--\n\n\n       "Satan and the Angels do not have freewill.  \n        They do what god tells them to do. "\n\n        S.N. Mozumder (snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu) \n\n\n--\n\n\n       "Satan and the Angels do not have freewill.  \n        They do what god tells them to do. "\n\n        S.N. Mozumder (snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu) \n',
  u'From: steinly@topaz.ucsc.edu (Steinn Sigurdsson)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky\nOrganization: Lick Observatory/UCO\nLines: 23\nNNTP-Posting-Host: topaz.ucsc.edu\nIn-reply-to: flb@flb.optiplan.fi\'s message of Fri, 23 Apr 1993 12:01:38 GMT\n\nIn article <C5xr2w.Dnw.1@cs.cmu.edu> flb@flb.optiplan.fi ("F.Baube[tm]") writes:\n\n   From: "Phil G. Fraering" <pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu>\n\n   > Finally: this isn\'t the Bronze Age, [..]\n   > please try to remember that there are more human activities than\n   > those practiced by the Warrior Caste, the Farming Caste, and the\n   > Priesthood.\n\n   Right, the Profiting Caste is blessed by God, and may \n    freely blare its presence in the evening twilight ..\n\nThe Priesthood has never quite forgiven\nthe merchants (aka Profiting Caste [sic])\nfor their rise to power, has it?\n\n;-)\n\n*  Steinn Sigurdsson   \t\t\tLick Observatory      \t*\n*  steinly@lick.ucsc.edu \t\t"standard disclaimer"  \t*\n*  Ya know... you penguin types offend me. ...\t\t\t*\n*  My Gosh... Life is offensive!!   \t\t\t\t*\n*  Offensensitivity.\t\t- BB 1984\t\t\t*\n',
  u"From: joshua@cpac.washington.edu (Joshua Geller)\nSubject: Re: Merlin, Mithras and Magick\nOrganization: Institute for the Study of Ancient Science\nLines: 30\nDistribution: world\n\t<JOSHUA.93Apr19183833@bailey.cpac.washington.edu>\n\t<Pegasus-200493113800@fp1-dialin-1.uoregon.edu>\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bailey.cpac.washington.edu\nIn-reply-to: Pegasus@aaa.uoregon.edu's message of 20 Apr 1993 18:43:14 GMT\n\n\nIn article <Pegasus-200493113800@fp1-dialin-1.uoregon.edu> \nPegasus@aaa.uoregon.edu (Pegasus) writes:\n\n>   In article <JOSHUA.93Apr19183833@bailey.cpac.washington.edu>,\n>   joshua@cpac.washington.edu (Joshua Geller) wrote:\n\n>   > In article <Pegasus-150493132018@fp1-dialin-4.uoregon.edu> \n>   > Pegasus@aaa.uoregon.edu (LaurieEWBrandt) writes:\n\n>   LEWB>> Lets add to those percentages 13-15% for the Orphaic docterians\n>   brought LEWB>>to the group by Paul/Saul who was a high ranking initiate. On\n>   the LEWB>>development of Orphaic Mysteries, see Jane Harrisons .Prolegomena\n>   to the LEWB>>study of Greek religion. Cambridge U Press 1922. and you can\n>   easly draw LEWB>>your own conclusions.\n\n>   josh> perhaps you can quote just a bit of her argument?\n\n>   Love to,but I must do it a bit later My copy of Harrison in packed, but the\n>   last chapter as best as I can rember deals with Orphic mysteries and their\n>   views of women though she does not come out and say it it is strongly\n>   implyed that the Christian view was drawn heavly from the Orphic and other\n>   Major cults of the time.\n\nI would really appreciate if when someone brought something like\nthis up they didn't back out when someone asked for details.\n\nhave a day,\njosh\n\n",
  u"From: edb9140@tamsun.tamu.edu (E.B.)\nSubject: POV problems with tga outputs\nOrganization: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX\nLines: 9\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: tamsun.tamu.edu\n\nI can't fiqure this out.  I have properly compiled pov on a unix machine\nrunning SunOS 4.1.3  The problem is that when I run the sample .pov files and\nuse the EXACT same parameters when compiling different .tga outputs.  Some\nof the .tga's are okay, and other's are unrecognizable by any software.\n\nHelp!\ned\nedb9140@tamsun.tamu.edu\n\n",
  u'From: cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 36\n\nIn <kmr4.1576.734879396@po.CWRU.edu> kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan) writes:\n\n>In article <1qj9gq$mg7@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank \nO\'Dwyer) writes:\n\n>>Is good logic *better* than bad?  Is good science better than bad?  \n\n> By definition.\n\n\n> great - good - okay - bad - horrible\n\n>    << better\n>       worse >>\n\n\n> Good is defined as being better than bad.\n\n>---\nHow do we come up with this setup?  Is this subjective, if enough people agreed\nwe could switch the order?  Isn\'t this defining one unknown thing by another? \nThat is, good is that which is better than bad, and bad is that which is worse\nthan good?  Circular?\n\nMAC\n>   Only when the Sun starts to orbit the Earth will I accept the Bible. \n>        \n\n--\n****************************************************************\n                                                    Michael A. Cobb\n "...and I won\'t raise taxes on the middle     University of Illinois\n    class to pay for my programs."                 Champaign-Urbana\n          -Bill Clinton 3rd Debate             cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu\n                                              \nWith new taxes and spending cuts we\'ll still have 310 billion dollar deficits.\n',
  u"From: bbs.mirage@tsoft.net (Jerry Lee)\nSubject: Cobra 2.0 1-b-1 Video card HELP ME!!!!\nOrganization: The TSoft BBS and Public Access Unix, +1 415 969 8238\nLines: 22\n\nDoes ANYONE out there in Net-land have any information on the Cobra 2.20 \ncard?  The sticker on the end of the card reads\n        Model: Cobra 1-B-1\n        Bios:  Cobra v2.20\n\nI Havn't been able to find anything about it from anyone!  If you have \nany information on how to get a hold of the company which produces the \ncard or know where any drivers are for it, PLEASE let me know!\n\nAs far as I can tell, it's a CGA card that is taking up 2 of my 16-bit \nISA slots but when I enable the test patterns, it displays much more than \nthe usualy 4 CGA colors... At least 16 from what I can count.. Thanks!\n\n              .------------------------------------------.\n              : Internet: jele@eis.calstate.edu          :\n              :           bbs.mirage@gilligan.tsoft.net  :\n              :           bbs.mirage@tsoft.sf-bay.org    :\n              :           mirage@thetech.com             :\n              : UUCP    : apple.com!tsoft!bbs.mirage     :\n              `------------------------------------------'\n \n                    Computer and Video Imaging Major\n",
  u"From: lilley@v5.cgu.mcc.ac.uk (Chris Lilley)\nSubject: Oh make up your mind!! (was: Re: XV problems)\nLines: 220\nReply-To: C.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk\nOrganization: Computer Graphics Unit, MCC\n\n\nIn article <1rqisi$rhj@cc.tut.fi>, jk87377@lehtori.cc.tut.fi (Kouhia Juhana) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr29.201420.19271@nessie.mcc.ac.uk>\n>C.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk writes:\n\n>>In article <1rohjc$avt@cc.tut.fi>, jk87377@lehtori.cc.tut.fi (Kouhia\n>>Juhana) writes:\n\n>>>I wrote something about making color modifications quickly\n>>>with 8bit quantized images and only at the saving the image to file\n>>>process we have to make the modifications to the 24bit image.\n>>>This makes sense, because the main use of XV is only viewing images.\n\n>>>Doing many changes to image, we should keep all modifications\n>>>in a buffer; and then before making the operations to 24bit image,\n>>>we should simplify the operation list for unnecessary operations.\n\n>>Think about what you are saying here. The 24 bit image is quantised down to 8\n>>bits so many 'similar' colours are mapped onto a single palette colour. This\n>>colour gets modified in fairly arbitrary ways. You then want to apply these\n>>modifications back to the 24 bit file, so you have to find which\n>>colours mapped to this one palette colour.\n\n>I suppose you don't know what about we have discussed.\n>We discussed about error(s) in XV 2.21 which shows images only as 8bit,\n>and my suggestion above works perfectly with it.\n\nLook be consistent. First you post something that seems to suggest that you see\nxv being an 8 bit program as some sort of error. \nSo I post and asy it is not a bug, it is meant to be like that. \nSo you post and say it is not a bug, you never said it was, I have misunderstood\netc.\nNow you are saying:\n\n>We discussed about error(s) in XV 2.21 which shows images only as 8bit,\n\nIf you would make up your mind what you are claiming it would make the\ndiscussion a *lot* easier.\n\n----------------\n\n>So far I have seen a colormap editing window in XV -- that is, there\n>must be a colormap anyway. The problems you present are exist anyway,\n>and I didn't tried to solve them at all, because I would not make such\n>problems to my programs in the first place.\n\nEh? Sorry, I don't understand what you are saying here. I am aware that English is\nnot your native language and have tried hard to fathom your meaning, but this\nparagraph defeats me.\n\n>Gamma and color corrections are easily done to 24bit image\n>as I presented. There's no need make tricks from 8bit/quantized image\n>back to 24 bit image.\n\nYes *as I originally said*, global changes are easily possible.\n\nBut this statement contradicts what you said earlier: \n\n>>>I wrote something about making color modifications quickly\n>>>with 8bit quantized images and only at the saving the image to file\n>>>process we have to make the modifications to the 24bit image.\n\n---------------\n\n>>>>How would you suggest doing colour editing on a 24 bit file? How\n>>>>would you group 'related' colours to edit them together? Only global\n>>>>changes could be done unless the software were very different and\n>>>>much more complicated.\n\n>Ok, you're writing about situation that user want edit images as 24bit\n>and user want edit individual colors -- your questions, by the way,\n>jumps off the discussion a bit.\n\nNo I don't think so actually. \n\nYou were talking about loading a 24 bit image into xv (by quantising),\nmanipulating the colours in the colour editor, then somewhow applying these\nchanges to the 24 bit file when you exit xv. Xv lets you edit individual\ncolours. Where is this sudden jumping off the topic?\n\n>My solution doesn't work, because there's no colormap withing real 24bit\n>image \n\nYes I am aware there is no colourmap in a 24 bit file!!\n\n>-- you see, user see 24bit image; going back to 8bit is silly.\n\nI do not understand what this statement is supposed to mean.\n\n>About changing individual colors in 8bit/quantized/rasterized image:\n>changing individual colors in colormap is useless in most\n>cases if the image is quantized and rasterized -- small change may\n>make serious errors to anywhere in the image.\n\n???\nWhat are you saying\n???\n\n>XV allows this feature, but I don't recommend to use it with the\n>mentioned type images.\n\nAh! now we see thew problem! First you want to extend xv to allow editing of 8\nbit previews of 24 bit images. Then I point out problems with this. Now you are\nsaying there is no problem because you, personally, happen not to use those\nparts of the program that cause the problem!!\n\n\n>Moreover, XV is not a paint program; you can only make those global\n>changes. \n\nNot sure what you are saying here. Certainly one can make local changes.\n\n>In full 24bit XV, changing individual colors sounds like\n>paint program job.\n>If person have 8bit screen, there's need for tricks to get the\n>original 24bit image modified. Because user don't see full 24bit\n>image, there's need to make approximations and it is not possible to\n>modify individual colors but individual pixels or pixel groups (if\n>image is rasterized). To select indiavidual color, there could be 7x7\n>cursor window which shows true color image in cursor window area --\n>selecting individual color is possible from that.\n\nYes that is one possible approach. I would find a program that took such an\napproach clumsy, however.\n\n>Ok, I don't have thought very much 24bit painting programs, never seen\n>such in good view and are not planned to make such. Not to mention\n>24bit painting program in 8bit screen...\n\nWell here we agree - you have not thought it through very much. You don't seem\nto have a consistent point to make and contradict yourself from one post to the\nnext. OK, we all have off days - perhaps you should step back and think this one\nthrough.\n\n>>Yes again. What *is* (was?) wrong with xv?\n\n>It saved 8bit/quantized/rasterized images as 24bit jpegs; jpeg is not\n>designed for that.\n\nAs I said in the last post, JPEG is a compression algorithm. It is a way of\nsaving disk space by trading off quality against compression. I fail to see what\nthe problem is. You have not proposed any workable alternatives.\n\n>Also, human expect that 24bit will be saved as 24bit image; \n\nSpeak for yourself. You are the *only* person I have met or spoken to who,\nhaving quantised a 24 bit image down to 8 bits, expects this process to somehow\nreverse when the file is saved; keeping all modificvations that heve been made\nto the 8 bit image palette.\n\nPerhaps that is why you yused the singular?\n\n>say,\n>person would like to crop part of the image and save it, then it is\n>expected that the image still is the same. \n\nLook, next time you import a 24 bit image into xv look carefully at the main\ncontrol panel - it tells you how many colours have been allocated to the 8 bit\nimage. XV makes it abundantly clear that you are not editing the original 24 bit\nfile. You are the *only* person who claims this is confusing.\n\n>So, XV were designed\n>without thinking about human interface and how human expect the\n>program work -- design error.\n\nIs a design error the same as a bug? ;-)\n\nRead my lips. XV is a program for viewing and modifying 8 bit images. It lets\nyou import other images. It shows, I would say, a good deal of thought about the\nhuman interface. And everyone else seems to use it happily for the purpose it\nwas designed for. It makes no false claims.\n\n>I have heard XV were designed first for 8bit images/files, but\n>it were not good idea to take full 24bit images without making\n>major change to the original design.\n\nIf you would come up with a solid, logical, well argued and lucid description of\nprecisely how these proposed extensions would work, feel free to post them. So \nfar, you have not done so.\n\n>So, even all screen images are 8bit, the processed images and saved\n>images could have been 24bit very easily, instead of 8bit.\n\nArgh!! After all this, a comment like that. `Very easily'. OK, go ahead and code it\nif it is so easy.\n\nOr alternatively, look up the terms `import' and 'non-reversible transformation'.\n\n>Before anybody will make a note: yes, I may as well make a lift where\n>'up' means that the lift goes down and 'down' means that the lift goes\n>up, and put a note on this design solution to the manuals -- however,\n>even the manuals tells the correct situation, it doesn't solve the problem.\n>(Americans: the lift is just an example :)\n\nI think this is a bit of an exageration.\n\nWhat you are actually saying is, you got into a lift (elevator, if you are in\nthe states ;-) ) and mistakenly pressed the down button to go up. Everyone else\nhad no problem. Now you are trying to sue the manufacturer...\n\n>Well, my text may be a bit hard reading, \n\nyou bet\n\n>hopefully you suggeeded to\n>read it.\n\nMostly. Leaving aside the language issue however, it betrays some very wooly\nthinking (as you yourself admit) which is the same in any language. Go think\nsome more.\n\n--\nChris Lilley\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTechnical Author, ITTI Computer Graphics and Visualisation Training Project\nComputer Graphics Unit, Manchester Computing Centre, Oxford Road, \nManchester, UK.  M13 9PL                        Internet: C.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk \nVoice: +44 (0)61 275 6045  Fax: +44 (0)61 275 6040 Janet: C.C.Lilley@uk.ac.mcc\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u"From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: 14 Apr 93   God's Promise in 1 John 1: 7\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 14\n\nIn article <RN652B5w165w@tweekco.uucp>, alizard@tweekco.uucp (A.Lizard)\nwrote:\n> Judging from postings I've read all over Usenet and on non-Usenet\n> BBs conferences, Barney is DEFINITELY an endangered species. Especially\n> if he runs into me in a dark alley.\n\nPlease, please don't make Barney to a modern martyr/saviour mythical\nfigure. I detest this being, and if humans will create a religion in his\nname, then life will be unbearable :-).\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n",
  u"From: urf@icl.se (Urban F)\nSubject: Re: Orion drive in vacuum -- how?\nNntp-Posting-Host: sw2001\nOrganization: None. On USENET I speak only for myself.\nX-Alt.reply-Address: n.g.u.fredriksson@swe2001.wins.icl.co.uk\nLines: 14\n\nLeigh Palmer <palmer@sfu.ca> writes:\n> I feel sure\n>that someone must have film of that experiment, and I'd really like to\n>see it. Has anyone out there seen it?\n\nI've seen a film of it, my memory may be faulty, but as I\nremember it the vehicle was slightly over a meter long, with a\nthick baseplate 30-40 cm in diameter. I think the narrative said\nit was propelled by dynamite sticks. There were four detonations\nwithin about 2 s, the second coming after about 2 m of flight in.\nMax altitude seemed to be on the order of 50 m, but that is hard \nto judge.\n--\n Urban Fredriksson  urf@icl.se  \n",
  u'From: jcm@head-cfa.harvard.edu (Jonathan McDowell)\nSubject: Re: STS-57 inclination?\nOrganization: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA,  USA\nLines: 11\n\nFrom article <1993May14.023220.1@vax1.tcd.ie>, by apryan@vax1.tcd.ie:\n>>          Primary payload: Spacehab 1 EURECA 1-R   Inclination: 57 degrees\n> I have seen elsewhere that inclination is 28 degrees. \n> Which is correct?\n\nHmmm... Atlantis left Eureca in a 28 degree orbit. Retrieving it is\ngoing to be *REALLY* fun if they fly to 57 degrees. Torque that \nCanadarm! :-)\n\n - Jonathan\n\n',
  u'From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: "Cruel" (was Re: <Political Atheists?)\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nlivesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n\n>>This whole thread started because of a discussion about whether\n>>or not the death penalty constituted cruel punishment, which is forbidden\n>>by the US Constitution.\n>Yes, but they didn\'t say what they meant by "cruel", which is why\n>a) you have the Supreme Court, and b) it makes no sense to refer\n>to the Constitution, which is quite silent on the meaning of the\n>word "cruel".\n\nThey spent quite a bit of time on the wording of the Constitution.  They\npicked words whose meanings implied the intent.  We have already looked\nin the dictionary to define the word.  Isn\'t this sufficient?\n\n>>Oh, but we were discussing the death penalty (and that discussion\n>>resulted from the one about murder which resulted from an intial\n>>discussion about objective morality--so this is already three times\n>>removed from the morality discussion).\n>Actually, we were discussing the mening of the word "cruel" and\n>the US Constitution says nothing about that.\n\nBut we were discussing it in relation to the death penalty.  And, the\nConstitution need not define each of the words within.  Anyone who doesn\'t\nknow what cruel is can look in the dictionary (and we did).\n\nkeith\n',
  u"From: tsa@cellar.org (The Silent Assassin)\nSubject: Re: Please Recommend 3D Graphics Library For Mac.\nOrganization: The Cellar BBS and public access system\nLines: 22\n\nrgc3679@bcstec.ca.boeing.com (Robert G. Carpenter) writes:\n\n> Hi Netters,\n> \n> I'm building a CAD package and need a 3D graphics library that can handle\n> some rudimentry tasks, such as hidden line removal, shading, animation, etc.\n> \n> Can you please offer some recommendations?\n\nIt's really not that hard to do.  There are books out there which explain\neverything, and the basic 3D functions, translation, rotation, shading, and\nhidden line removal are pretty easy.  I wrote a program in a few weeks witht\nhe help of a book, and would be happy to give you my source.\n\tAlso, Quickdraw has a lot of 3D functions built in, and Think pascal\ncan access them, and I would expect that THINK C could as well.  If you can\nfind out how to use the Quickdraw graphics library, it would be an excellent\nchoice, since it has a lot of stuff, and is built into the Mac, so should be\nfast.\n\nLibertarian, atheist, semi-anarchal Techno-Rat.\n\nI define myself--tsa@cellar.org\n",
  u"From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 14\nNNTP-Posting-Host: lloyd.caltech.edu\n\nbobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n\n>To show that the examples I and others\n>have provided are *not* counter examples of your supposed inherent\n>moral hypothesis, you have to successfully argue that\n>domestication removes or alters this morality.\n\nI think that domestication will change behavior to a large degree.\nDomesticated animals exhibit behaviors not found in the wild.  I\ndon't think that they can be viewed as good representatives of the\nwild animal kingdom, since they have been bred for thousands of years\nto produce certain behaviors, etc.\n\nkeith\n",
  u"From: rgc3679@bcstec.ca.boeing.com (Robert G. Carpenter)\nSubject: Re: Please Recommend 3D Graphics Library For Mac.\nOrganization: Boeing\nLines: 24\n\nIn article <John_Shepardson.esh-210493100336@moose.slac.stanford.edu> John_Shepardson.esh@qmail.slac.stanford.edu (John Shepardson) writes:\n>> Can you please offer some recommendations? (3d graphics)\n>\n>\n>There has been a fantastic 3d programmers package for some years that has\n>been little advertised, and apparently nobody knows about, called 3d\n>Graphic Tools written by Mark Owen of Micro System Options in Seattle WA. \n>I reviewed it a year or so ago and was really awed by it's capabilities. \n>It also includes tons of code for many aspects of Mac programming\n>(including offscreen graphics).  It does Zbuffering, 24 bit graphics, has a\n>database for representing graphical objects, and more.\n>It is very well written (MPW C, Think C, and HyperCard) and the code is\n>highly reusable.  Last time I checked the price was around $150 - WELL\n>worth it.\n>\n>Their # is (206) 868-5418.\n\n  I've talked with Mark and he faxed some literature, though it wasn't very helpful-\n  just a list of routine names: _BSplineSurface, _DrawString3D... 241 names.\n  There was a Product Info sheet that explained some of the package capabilities.\n  I also found a review in April/May '92 MacTutor.\n\n  It does look like a good package. The current price is $295 US.\n\n",
  u'From: cesws@cc.newcastle.edu.au\nSubject: patches for SUNGKS4.1 ?\nLines: 17\nOrganization: University of Newcastle, AUSTRALIA\n\n\n\n\nDue to a number of bugs in GKS4.1 under SUNOS 4.1.3, I installed\npatches 100533-15 and 100755-01. Patch 100533-15 appears to\nwork fine and has fixed a number of problems. Patch 100755-01,\nhowever, which is required to fix a number of other annoying\nbugs, breaks with our applications.\n\nIs there a more recent revision of patch 10075?\n\nAny other ideas?\n\nScott Sloan                      email   cesws@cc.newcastle.edu.au\nUniversity of Newcastle          fax     +61 49 216991\nNSW\nAustralia\n',
  u'From: pjc@jet.uk (Peter J Card)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: Joint European Torus\nLines: 35\n\nIn <1rls95$9aj@access.digex.net> prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n>Planes  ruin the night sky.  Blimps ruin the night sky.  Radio towers\n>ruin the night sky.  \n\n>Like i said,  get a vote, and create some more national parks.  which\n>include onobstructed air space.\n\nYou should have heard Prof. McNally , from my days as an astronomy\nundergraduate, denouncing photon pollution. It was easy to imagine him\ntaking practical steps to modify the sodium lamps on the street\noutside Mill Hill observatory with a 12-gauge shotgun :-)\n\nHowever, seriously, it is possible to limit the effects of\nstreetlights, by adding a reflector, so that the light only\nilluminates the ground, which is after all where you need it. As a\nbonus, the power consumption required for a given illumination level\nis reduced. Strangely enough, astronomers often seek to lobby elected\nlocal authorities to use such lighting systems, with considerable\nsuccess in the desert areas around the major US observatories. At\nleast, thats what McNally told us, all those years ago.\n( British local authorities couldn`t care less, as far as I can see )\n\nI suppose that the "right" to dark skies is no more than an aspiration,\nbut it is a worthwhile one. Illuminated orbital billboards seem especially\nyukky, and are presumably in the area of international law, if any, although\nI do find the idea of a right to bear anti-satellite weapons intriguing.\n-- \n__._____.___._____.__._______________________________________________________\n__|_. ._| ._|_._._|__| Peter Card, Joint European Torus, Abingdon\n    | | | |_. | |    | Oxfordshire OX14 3EA UK. tel 0235-464867 FAX 464404\n    | | |  _| | |    | email pjc@jet.uk or compuserve 100010,366 \n  ._| | | |_. | |    | It wasnt me. It was the others. They made me do it.\n--`--~\'-+---+-+-+----+-------------------------------------------------------\n- Disclaimer: Please note that the above is a personal view and should not \n  be construed as an official comment from the JET project.\n',
  u'From: ins559n@aurora.cc.monash.edu.au (Andrew Bulhak)\nSubject: Re: New Religion Forming -- Sign Up\nOrganization: Monash University\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 33\n\nJim Kasprzak (kasprj@isaac.its.rpi.edu) wrote:\n: In article <=4z5wqc@rpi.edu>, weinss@rs6101.ecs.rpi.edu (Stephen Andrew Weinstein) writes:\n: |> Let me begin by saying I think this is the world\'s first religion to use\n: |> the net as its major recruitment medium.  Therefore, even if this\n: |> religion does not take off, its founding members will be very important\n: |> historically as this method of soliciting membership will eventually become \n: |> common.\n:  \n:  So what is Kibology? Chopped liver?\n\nKibo Himself summed it up by saying "Kibology is not just a religion, it is\nalso a candy mint ... and a floor wax." I personally think that it is more\nlike Spam Clear.\n:   \n:  You really should check out alt.religion.kibology, as Kibo\'s religion is \n: slightly older than yours, makes more sense and has more slack.\n\nYes! Why send money to B0B when Kibo will pay you to worship him. (Funny, he\ndoesn\'t seem to have paid me...)\n\n: ------------------------------------------------------------------\n:      __  Live from Capitaland, heart of the Empire State...\n:  ___/  | Jim Kasprzak, computer operator @ RPI, Troy, NY, USA\n: /____ *|   "I understand the causes, and sympathize your motivations,\n:      \\_| But all the details of this war are just your self-infatuation." \n:       ====  e-mail: kasprj@rpi.edu or kasprzak@mts.rpi.edu \n\n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n|  Andrew Bulhak\t     |                                              |\n|  acb@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au | David Koresh fried for your sins.            | \n|  Monash Uni, Clayton,      |                                              |\n|  Victoria, Australia       |                                              |\n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n',
  u'From: tom@igc.apc.org\nSubject: computer cult\nNf-ID: #N:cdp:1469100033:000:2451\nNf-From: cdp.UUCP!tom    Apr 24 09:26:00 1993\nLines: 59\n\n\nFrom: <tom>\nSubject: computer cult\n\nFrom scott Fri Apr 23 16:31:21 1993\nReceived: by igc.apc.org (4.1/Revision: 1.77 )\n\tid AA16121; Fri, 23 Apr 93 16:31:09 PDT\nDate: Fri, 23 Apr 93 16:31:09 PDT\nMessage-Id: <9304232331.AA16121@igc.apc.org>\nFrom: Scott Weikart <scott>\nSender: scott\nTo: cdplist\nSubject: Next stand-off?\nStatus: R\n\nRedwood City, CA (API) -- A tense stand-off entered its third week\ntoday as authorities reported no progress in negotiations with\ncharismatic cult leader Steve Jobs.\n\nNegotiators are uncertain of the situation inside the compound, but\nsome reports suggest that half of the hundreds of followers inside\nhave been terminated.  Others claim to be staying of their own free\nwill, but Jobs\' persuasive manner makes this hard to confirm.\n\nIn conversations with authorities, Jobs has given conflicting\ninformation on how heavily prepared the group is for war with the\nindustry.  At times, he has claimed to "have hardware which will blow\nanything else away", while more recently he claims they have stopped\nmanufacturing their own.\n\nAgents from the ATF (Apple-Taligent Forces) believe that the group is\nequipped with serious hardware, including 486-caliber pieces and\npossibly Canon equipment.\n\nThe siege has attracted a variety of spectators, from the curious to\nother cultists.  Some have offered to intercede in negotiations,\nincluding a young man who will identify himself only as "Bill" and\nclaims to be the "MS-iah".\n\nFormer members of the cult, some only recently deprogrammed, speak\nhesitantly of their former lives, including being forced to work\n20-hour days, and subsisting on Jolt and Twinkies.  There were\nfrequent lectures in which they were indoctrinated into a theory of\n"interpersonal computing" which rejects traditional roles.\n\nLate-night vigils on Chesapeake Drive are taking their toll on\nfederal marshals.  Loud rock and roll, mostly Talking Heads, blares\nthroughout the night.  Some fear that Jobs will fulfill his own\napocalyptic prophecies, a worry reinforced when the loudspeakers\ncarry Jobs\' own speeches -- typically beginning with a chilling "I\nwant to welcome you to the \'Next World\' ".\n\n- - -- \nRoland J. Schemers III              |            Networking Systems\nSystems Programmer                  |            G16 Redwood Hall (415) 723-6740\nDistributed Computing Group         |            Stanford, CA 94305-4122\nStanford University                 |            schemers@Slapshot.Stanford.EDU\n\n\n',
  u'From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Electrical Spacecraft via Magnetic field of earth?\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 13\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <C6DF6w.Bur@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n>No.  A "dragless" satellite does not magically have no drag; it burns fuel\n>constantly to fight drag, maintaining the exact orbit it would have *if*\n>there was no drag.  This is why there are quotes around "dragless".\n\n\nI didn\'t exactly follow the "dragless" satellitte  thread.\n\nWhat is the point of it?  are they used for  laser geodesy  missions?\ntriad seemed to be some sort of navy navigation bird,  but why\nbe "dragless"  why not just update  orbital parameters?\n\npat\n',
  u"From: wbdst+@pitt.edu (William B Dwinnell)\nSubject: Re: Intel's PCI standard???\nOrganization: University of Pittsburgh\nLines: 7\n\n\nvamilliron:  Yes, Intel's PCI is (another) Local Bus standard, which\ncan be used for graphics, although I believe Local Buses can be used\nfor other things, too.  As far as I know, though, PCI Local Bus \nwould compete with VESA Local Bus, not the VESA graphics standard, but\nothers more enlightened might be able to shed more light on this\nmatter.\n",
  u'From: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney)\nSubject: I want that Billion\nOrganization: Computer Aided Design Lab, U. of Maryland College Park\nLines: 37\nReply-To: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: queen.eng.umd.edu\n\nIn article <C5x86o.8p4@zoo.toronto.edu>, henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n>In article <1r6rn3INNn96@mojo.eng.umd.edu> sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu writes:\n>>You\'d need to launch HLVs to send up large amounts of stuff.  Do you know \n>>of a private Titan pad? \n>\n>You\'d need to launch HLVs to send up large amounts of stuff *if* you assume\n>no new launcher development.  If you assume new launcher development, with\n>lower costs as a specific objective, then you probably don\'t want to\n>build something HLV-sized anyway.\n>\n>Nobody who is interested in launching things cheaply will buy Titans.  It\n>doesn\'t take many Titan pricetags to pay for a laser launcher or a large\n>gas gun or a development program for a Big Dumb Booster, all of which\n>would have far better cost-effectiveness.\n\nHenry, I made the assumption that he who gets there firstest with the mostest\nwins. \n\nOhhh, you want to put in FINE PRINT which says "Thou shall do wonderous R&D\nrather than use off-the-shelf hardware"? Sorry, didn\'t see that in my copy.\nMost of the Pournellesque proposals run along the lines of <some dollar\namount> reward for <some simple goal>.  \n\nYou go ahead and do your development, I\'ll buy off the shelf at higher cost (or\neven Russian; but I also assume that there\'d be some "Buy US" provos in there)\nand be camped out in the Moon while you are launching and assembling little\nitty-bitty payloads in LEO with your laser or gas gun.  And working out the\nbugs of assembly & integration in LEO. \n\nOh, hey, could I get a couple of CanadARMs tuned for the lunar environment?  I\nwanna do some teleoperated prospecting while I\'m up there...\n\n\n\n\n    Software engineering? That\'s like military intelligence, isn\'t it?\n  -- >                  SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU                        < --\n',
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Objective morality (was Re: <Political Atheists?)\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 24\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1ql7utINN5sg@gap.caltech.edu>, keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n|> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> \n|> >I want to know how this omniscient being is going to perform\n|> >the feat of "definitely" terming actions right or wrong.\n|> \n|> If you were omniscient, you\'d know who exactly did what, and with what\n|> purpose in mind.  Then, with a particular goal in mind, you sould be\n|> able to methodically judge whether or not this action was in accordance\n|> with the general goal.\n\nBut now you are contradicting yourself in a pretty massive way,\nand I don\'t think you\'ve even noticed.\n\nIn another part of this thread, you\'ve been telling us that the\n"goal" of a natural morality is what animals do to survive.\n\nBut suppose that your omniscient being told you that the long\nterm survival of humanity requires us to exterminate some \nother species, either terrestrial or alien.\n\nDoes that make it moral to do so?\n\njon. \n',
  u'From: idr@rigel.cs.pdx.edu (Ian D Romanick)\nSubject: Re: Fast polygon routine needed\nKeywords: polygon, needed\nArticle-I.D.: pdxgate.7306\nOrganization: Portland State University, Computer Science Dept.\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <C5nF8t.Gsq@news.cso.uiuc.edu> osprey@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu (Lucas Adamski) writes:\n>In article <1993Apr17.192947.11230@sophia.smith.edu> orourke@sophia.smith.edu (Joseph O\'Rourke) writes:\n>>\tA fast polygon routine to do WHAT?\n>To draw polygons of course.  Its a VGA mode 13h (320x200) game, done in C and\n>ASM.  I need a faster way to draw concave polygons that the method I have right\n>now, which is very slow.\n\nWhat kind of polygons?  Shaded?  Texturemapped?  Hm?  More comes into play with\nfast routines than just "polygons".  It would be nice to know exaclty what\nsystem (VGA is a start, but what processor?) and a few of the specifics of the\nimplementation.  You need to give  more info if you want to get any answers! :P\n\n                                  - Ian Romanick\n                                    Dancing Fool of Epsilon\n\n[]--------------------------------------------------------------------[]\n | Were the contained thoughts \'opinions\',     EPN.NTSC.quality = Best|\n | PSU would probably not agree with them.                            |\n |                                                                    |\n | "Look, I don\'t know anything about                                 |\n | douche, but I do know Anti-Freeze                                  |\n | when I see it!" - The Dead Milkmen                                 |\n[]--------------------------------------------------------------------[]\n',
  u'From: pyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com (Dillon Pyron)\nSubject: Re: A WRENCH in the works?\nLines: 31\nNntp-Posting-Host: skndiv.dseg.ti.com\nReply-To: pyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com\nOrganization: TI/DSEG VAX Support\n\n\nIn article <25228@ksr.com>, jfw@ksr.com (John F. Woods) writes:\n>nanderso@Endor.sim.es.com (Norman Anderson) writes:\n>>jmcocker@eos.ncsu.edu (Mitch) writes:\n>>>effect that one of the SSRBs that was recovered after the\n>>>recent space shuttle launch was found to have a wrench of\n>>>some sort rattling around apparently inside the case.\n>>I heard a similar statement in our local news (UTAH) tonight. They referred\n>>to the tool as "...the PLIERS that took a ride into space...". They also\n>>said that a Thiokol (sp?) employee had reported missing a tool of some kind\n>>during assembly of one SRB.\n\nIt was a test of the first reusable tool.\n\n>\n>I assume, then, that someone at Thiokol put on their "manager\'s hat" and said\n>that pissing off the customer by delaying shipment of the SRB to look inside\n>it was a bad idea, regardless of where that tool might have ended up.\n>\n>Why do I get the feeling that Thiokol "manager\'s hats" are shaped like cones?\n\nPointy so they can find them or so they will stick into their pants better, and\nbe closer to their brains?\n--\nDillon Pyron                      | The opinions expressed are those of the\nTI/DSEG Lewisville VAX Support    | sender unless otherwise stated.\n(214)462-3556 (when I\'m here)     |\n(214)492-4656 (when I\'m home)     |Texans: Vote NO on Robin Hood.  We need\npyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com          |solutions, not gestures.\nPADI DM-54909                     |\n\n',
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Food For Thought On Tyre\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 34\n\nIn article <1qh4m5INN2pu@ctron-news.ctron.com>, king@ctron.com (John E.\nKing) wrote:\n> Not exactly.  The prophesy clearly implies that people would\n> still be living in the area, but by the same token it would\n> never be "rebuilt".  Obviously , if people are still there they\n> would live in houses, correct?  Their "nets" implies a fishing\n> village.  This is exactly what it has become -- a far cry from\n> its original position of stature .\n\nLet\'s see, if Alexander destroyed Tyre, and people move back, and\nthey construct houses, and after a while 14000 people live there\nand still call it Tyre, it is not considered to be rebuilt. Instead\nit\'s considered to be \'just-some-people-that-got-together-for-fishing-\nand-they-needed-houses\' place.\n\n> So far I\'ve seen stated figurers ranging from 15,000 to 22,000.\n> Let\'s assume the latter one is correct.  By modern standards\n> we are talking about a one-horse town.\n\nSigh, I was never born in a city then (my home town has 10.000\npeople). I have to consult my city and inform them that it\'s from\nnow a fishing village. When this city (Kristinestad) was founded\nin the 17:th century about 1000 people lived there, so the norms\nwere even more bizarre for dumb Swedish queens who founded cities\nalong the coast of Finland.\n\nI would like to know why Paul thought is was worth mentioning the \nsmall fishing place of Tyre in Acts. Again, maybe he was a keen\nfisherman and wanted to visit the shores of Tyre? :-)\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u"From: palmer@cco.caltech.edu (David M. Palmer)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 30\nNNTP-Posting-Host: alumni.caltech.edu\n\nprb@access.digex.net (Pat) writes:\n\n>In article <C6A2At.E9z@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n>>\n>>No, the thing is designed to be retrievable, in a pinch.  Indeed, this\n>>dictated a rather odd design for the solar arrays, since they had to be\n>>retractable as well as extendable, and may thus have indirectly contributed\n>>to the array-flapping problems.\n\n\n>Why not design the solar arrays to be detachable.  if the shuttle is going\n>to retunr the HST,  what bother are some arrays.  just fit them with a quick\n> release.  one  space walk,  or use the second canadarm to remove the arrays.\n\nYou may want to put Hubble back in the payload bay for a reboost,\nand you don't want to clip off the panels each time.\n\nFor the Gamma-Ray Observatory, one of the design requirements was that\nthere be no stored-energy mecahnisms (springs, explosive squibs, gas shocks,\netc.) used for deployment.  This was partially so that everything could\nbe reeled back in to put it back in the payload bay, and partially for\nsafety considerations.  (I've heard that the wings on a cruise missile\nwould cut you in half if you were standing in their swath when they opened.)\n\nBack when the shuttle would be going up every other day with a cost to\norbit of $3.95 per pound :-), everybody designed things for easy servicing.\n\n-- \n\t\tDavid M. Palmer\t\tpalmer@alumni.caltech.edu\n\t\t\t\t\tpalmer@tgrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\n",
  u'From: sloan@cis.uab.edu (Kenneth Sloan)\nSubject: Re: Removing Distortion From Bitmapped Drawings?\nOrganization: CIS, University of Alabama at Birmingham\nLines: 135\n\nIn article <1993Apr19.141034.24731@sctc.com> boebert@sctc.com (Earl Boebert) writes:\n>Let\'s say you have a scanned image of a line drawing; in this case a\n>boat, but it could be anything.  On the drawing you have a set of\n>reference points whose true x,y positions are known.  \n>\n>Now you digitize the drawing manually (in this case, using Yaron\n>Danon\'s excellent Digitize program).  That is, you use a program which\n>converts cursor positions to x,y and saves those values when you click\n>the mouse.\n>\n>Upon digitizing you notice that the reference point values that come\n>out of the digitizing process differ in small but significant ways\n>from the known true values.  This is understandable because the\n>scanned drawing is a reproduction of the original and there are\n>successive sources of distortion such as differential expansion and\n>contraction of paper, errors introduced in the printing process,\n>scanner errors and what have you.\n>\n>The errors are not uniform over the entire drawing, so "global"\n>adjustments such as stretching/contracting uniformly over x or y, or\n>rotating the whole drawing, are not satisfactory.\n>\n>So the question is: does any kind soul know of an algorithm for\n>removing such distortion?  In particular, if I have three sets of\n>points \n>\n>Reference(x,y) (the known true values)\n>\n>DistortedReference(x,y) (the same points, with known errors)\n>\n>DistortedData(x,y) (other points, with unknown errors)\n>\n>what function of Reference and Distorted could I apply to\n>DistortedData to remove the errors.\n>\n>I suspect the problem could be solved by treating the distorted\n>reference points as resulting from the projection of a "bumpy" 3d\n>surface, solving for the surface and then "flattening" it to remove\n>the errors in the other data points.\n\nIt helps to have some idea of the source of the distortion - or at least\na reasonable model of the class of distortion.  Below is a very short\ndescription of the process which we use; if you have further questions,\nfeel free to poke me via e-mail.\n\n================================================================\n*ASSUME: locally smooth distortion\n\n0) Compute the Delaunay Triangulation of your (x,y) points.  This\n   defines the set of neighbors for each point.  If your data are\n   not naturally convex, you may have very long edges on the convex hull.\n   Consider deleting these edges.\n\n1) Now, there are two goals:\n\n    a) move the DistortedData(x,y) to the Reference(x,y)\n    b) keep the Length(e) (as measured from the current (x,y)\'s)\n       as close as possible to the DigitizedLength(e) (as measured \n       using the digitized (x,y)\'s).\n\n2) For every point, compute a displacement based on a) and b).  For\n   example:\n\n    a) For (x,y) points for which you know the Reference(x,y), you\n       can move alpha0*(Reference(x,y) - Current(x,y)).   This will\n       slowly move the DistortedReference(x,y) towards the\n       Reference(x,y). \n    b) For all other points, examine the current length of each edge.\n       For each edge, compute a displacement which would make that edge\n       the correct length (where "correct" is the DigitizedLength). \n       Take the vector sum of these edge displacements, and move the\n       point alpha1*SumOfEdgeDisplacements.  This will keep the\n       triangulated mesh consistent with your Digitized mesh.\n\n3) Iterate 2) until you are happy (for example, no point moves very much).\n\nalpha0 and alpha1 need to be determined by experimentation.   Consider\nhow much you believe the Reference(x,y) - i.e., do you absolutely insist\non the final points exactly matching the References, or do you want to\nbalance some error in matching the Reference against changes in length\nof the edges.\n\nWARNING: there are a couple of geometric invariants which must be\nobserved (essentially, you can\'t allow the convex hull to change, and\nyou can\'t allow triangles to "fold over" neighboring triangles.  Both of\nthese can be handled either by special case checks on the motion of\nindividual points, or by periodically re-triangulating the points (using \nthe current positions - but still calculating DigitizedLength from the\noriginal positions.  When we first did this, the triangulation time was\nprohibitive, so we only did it once.  If I were motivated to try and\nchange code that has been working in production mode for 5 years, I\n*might* go back and re-triangulate on every iteration.  If you have more\ncompute power than you know what to do with, you might consider having\nevery point interact with every other point....but first read up on\nlinear solutions to the n-body problem.\n\nThere are lots of papers in the last 10 years of SIGGRAPH proceedings on\nsprings, constraints,  and energy calculations which are relevant.  The\nabove method is described, in more or less detail in:\n\n@inproceedings{Sloan86,\nauthor="Sloan, Jr., Kenneth R. and David Meyers and Christine A.~Curcio",\ntitle="Reconstruction and Display of the Retina",\nbooktitle="Proceedings: Graphics Interface \'86 Vision Interface \'86",\naddress="Vancouver, Canada",\npages="385--389",\nmonth="May",\nyear=1986  }\n\n@techreport{Curcio87b,\nauthor="Christine A.~Curcio and Kenneth R.~Sloan and David Meyers",\ntitle="Computer Methods for Sampling, Reconstruction, Display, and\nAnalysis of Retinal Whole Mounts",\nnumber="TR 87-12-03",\ninstitution="Department of Computer Science, University of Washington",\naddress="Seattle, WA",\nmonth="December",\nyear=1987  }\n\n@article{Curcio89,\nauthor="Christine A.~Curcio and Kenneth R.~Sloan and David Meyers",\ntitle="Computer Methods for Sampling, Reconstruction, Display, and\nAnalysis of Retinal Whole Mounts",\njournal="Vision Research",\nvolume=29,\nnumber=5,\npages="529--540",\nyear=1989  }\n \n\n-- \nKenneth Sloan                   Computer and Information Sciences\nsloan@cis.uab.edu               University of Alabama at Birmingham\n(205) 934-2213                  115A Campbell Hall, UAB Station \n(205) 934-5473 FAX              Birmingham, AL 35294-1170\n',
  u"From: markus@octavia.anu.edu.au (Markus Buchhorn)\nSubject: Re: HDF readers/viewers\nOrganization: Australian National University, Canberra\nLines: 22\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: 150.203.5.35\nOriginator: markus@octavia\n\n\nI wrote...\n> \n> G'day all,\n> \n> Can anybody point me at a utility which will read/convert/crop/whatnot/\n> display HDF image files ? I've had a look at the HDF stuff under NCSA \n> and it must take an award for odd directory structure, strange storage\n> approaches and minimalist documentation :-)\n\nand it has since turned out that all the mirror sites I looked at were \nfooled by a restructuring at the original site - zaphod.ncsa.uiuc.edu - \nand hence were in a mess. That and a pointer to 'imconv' should get\nme started. Ta muchly.\n\nCheers\n\tMarkus\n-- \nMarkus Buchhorn, Parallel Computing Research Facility\nemail = markus@octavia.anu.edu.au\nAustralian National University, Canberra, 0200 , Australia.\n[International = +61 6, Australia = 06] [Phone = 2492930, Fax = 2490747]\n",
  u'From: d9hh@dtek.chalmers.se (Henrik Harmsen)\nSubject: Re: 16 million vs 65 thousand colors\nNntp-Posting-Host: hacke11.dtek.chalmers.se\nOrganization: Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg Sweden\nLines: 37\n\nandrey@cco.caltech.edu (Andre T. Yew) writes:\n\n>d9hh@dtek.chalmers.se (Henrik Harmsen) writes:\n\n>>1-4 bits per R/G/B gives horrible machbanding visible in almost any picture.\n\n>>5 bits per R/G/B (32768, 65000 colors) gives visible machbanding\n\n>>color-gradient picture has _almost_ no machbanding. This color-resolution is \n\n>>see some small machbanding on the smooth color-gradient picture, but all in all,\n>>There _ARE_ situiations where you get visible mach-banding even in\n>>a 24 bit card. If\n>>you create a very smooth color gradient of dark-green-white-yellow\n>>or something and turn\n>>up the contrast on the monitor, you will probably see some mach-banding.\n\n>    While I don\'t mean to damn Henrik\'s attempt to be helpful here,\n>he\'s using a common misconception that should be corrected.\n\n>    Mach banding will occur for any image.  It is not the color\n>quantization you see when you don\'t have enough bits.  It is the\n>human eye\'s response to transitions or edges between intensities.\n>The result is that colors near the transistion look brighter on\n>the brighter side and darker on the darker side.\n\n>--Andre\n\nYeah, of course... The term \'mach banding\' was not the correct one, it should\'ve\nbeen \'color quantization effect\'. Although a bad color quantization effect could\nresult in some visible mach-bands on a picture that was smooth before it was\nquantizised.\n\n--\nHenrik Harmsen     Internet:  d9hh@dtek.chalmers.se\n               Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. \n      "I haven\'t lost my mind -- it\'s backed up on tape somewhere."\n',
  u'From: MANDTBACKA@FINABO.ABO.FI (Mats Andtbacka)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nIn-Reply-To: frank@D012S658.uucp\'s message of 21 Apr 1993 09:38:43 GMT\nOrganization: Unorganized Usenet Postings UnInc.\nX-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.24\nLines: 151\n\nIn <1r34n3$hfj@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp writes:\n\n[ Deletia; in case anybody hadn\'t noticed, Frank and I are debating\n  "objective morality", and seemingly hitting semantics. ]\n\n> Secondly,  how can I refute your definition?  I can only point up its\n> logical implications, and say that they seem to contradict the usage\n> of the word "objective" in other areas.  Indeed, by your definition, an\n> objective x is an oxymoron, for all x.  I have no quibble with that\n> belief, other than that it is useless, and that "objective" is a perfectly\n> good word.\n\n      It may be that, being a non-native English-speaker, I\'ve\nmisunderstood your usage of "objective", and tried to debate something\nyou don\'t assert; my apologies. I\'m at a loss to imagine what you really\ndo mean, though.\n\n>#      How many ages can the universe have, and still be internally self-\n>#consistent? I\'d be amazed if it was more than one. How many different\n>#moral systems can different members of society have - indeed, single\n>#individuals, in some cases - and humanity still stick together?\n> \n> Begging the question.  People can have many opinions about the age\n> of the universe and humanity can still stick together.   You are\n> saying that the universe has a _real_ age, independent of my beliefs about\n> it.  Why?\n\n      Wrong point. The age of the universe has no direct effect on\nhumanity\'s sticking power, in the way the moral system of a society can\nhave.\n\n      I\'m saying the Universe has a "real age", because I see evidence\nfor it; cosmology, astronomy and so on. I say this age is independent of\npeople\'s opinions of it, because I know different people have a lot of\ndifferent opinions in the matter, yet empirical tests consistently seem\nto give roughly the same results.\n\n>#      The age of the universe, like most scientific facts, can be\n>#emirically verified through means that\'ll give the same result no matter\n>#who performs the testing (albeit there are error bars that may be on the\n>#largish side...). \n> \n> This assumes that the universe has a real age, or any kind of reality\n> which doesn\'t depend on what we think.\n\n      I can\'t see how it does that. Put a creationist to the task of\nperforming the tests and calculations, see to it (s)he makes no blatant\nerrors in measuring or calculating, and the result of the test will be\nthe same.\n\n> Why should an extreme Biblical\n> Creationist give a rat\'s ass about the means of which you speak?\n\n      Because logically consistent empirical tests contradict their\nopinion. If those tests were just my opinion, then their own tests\n(which would then be their opinion) would contradict mine, even if we\nconducted said tests in identical manner, no? They don\'t, which I take\nas showing these tests have some validity beyond our opinion of them.\n\n>#I\'ve heard of no way to verify morality in a\n>#consistent way, much less compute the errors of the measurement; care to\n>#enlighten me?\n> \n> The same is true of pain, but painkillers exist, and can be predicted\n> to work with some accuracy better than a random guess.\n\n      Map the activity of nerves and neural activity, if you mean\nphysical pain. You have a sharp point, I\'ll give you that; but you still\nhaven\'t given me a way to quantify morality.\n\n> I wrote\n> elsewhere that morality should be hypotheses about observed value.\n\n      We agree. Hypotheses, however, can change; I hold that there is no\n"ultimate hypothesis of morality" towards which these changes could\ngravitate, but that they could be changed in any way imaginable,\nproducing different results suitable for different tasks or purposes.\n\n> If a moral system makes a prediction "It will be better if...",\n> that can be tested,\n\n      "Better" and "worse" are (almost?) always defined in the context\nof a moral system. Your prediction will _always_ be correct, *within*\n*that* *moral* *system*. What you need now is an objective definition of\n"good" and "bad"; I wish you luck.\n\n>#      People\'s *ideas* about the age of object X are *not* objective;\n>#you can have any idea you like, and I can\'t stop you. Universae and\n>#their ages is another ballgame; they are what they are, and if you\n>#dislike some detail of them, that\'s a problem with your *opinion* of\n>#them. \n> \n> Sure.  Assume an objective reality, and you get statements like this.\n\n      Isn\'t that what _you\'re_ doing, when assuming an "objectively\nreal" morality? Besides, what _exactly_ is provably wrong with my\nstatement?\n\n>#I claim that morality is an opinion of ours, and as such\n>#subjective and individual. If I\'m wrong, then some more-or-less\n>#objectively "real" thing exists, which you label "objective morality";\n>#can you back up this positive claim of existence?\n> \n> Can you back up your positive claim above?  No.  That\'s because it\'s an\n> assumption.  I make the same assumption about values, on the basis\n> that there is no logical difference between the two, and the empirical\n> basis of the two is precisely the same.\n\n      Claiming there is no objective morality is suddenly a positive\nclaim? Besides, I think I _can_ lend some credence to my claim; ponder\ndifferent individuals, both fully functional as human beings and members\nof society, but yet with wildly different moral codes. If morality was\n"objective", at least one should be way off base, but yet hir\n\'incorrect\' morality seems to function fine. How come?\n\n      As for producing these individuals, it might be easiest to pick\nthem from different societies; say, an islamic one and some polynesian\nmatrilineal system, for example (if such still exist).\n\n[ deletia - testing for footballs on desks ]\n\n>#      Now take a look at morality. See anything? If so, please inform me\n>#which way to look, and WHY to look that particular way, as opposed to\n>#some other. Get my drift?\n> \n> No. Just look.  Are you claiming never to know what good means?\n\n      One thing is "good" under some circumstances, because we wish to\nachieve some goal, for some reason. Other times we wish to do something\nelse, and that thing is no longer so clearly "good" at all.\n\n      Some things are hard to make "good", because we\'d seldom if ever\nwish to achieve the sort of goal mass murder would lead one into. Still,\nthe Aztecs were doing fine until the Spaniards wiped them out.\n\n      I almost always know what "good" means; sometimes I even know why.\nI never claim this "good" is thereby fixed in stone, immutable.\n\n[...]\n>#      That\'s a simple(?) matter of proving the track record of the\n>#scientific method.\n> \n> I think it\'s great, and should be applied to values.  I may be completely\n> wrong, but that\'s what I conclude as a result of quite an amount of\n> thought.\n\n      Yes, me too, and I\'ve tried a thing or two down that line; it\ndoesn\'t look good for objective values to me at all.\n\n-- \n  Disclaimer?   "It\'s great to be young and insane!"\n',
  u'From: cst@garfield.catt.ncsu.edu (Caroline Tsang)\nSubject: Graphics Library Package\nArticle-I.D.: ncsu.1993Apr6.051201.9535\nOrganization: Computer and Technologies Theme Program, NCSU, Raleigh\nLines: 15\n\nHi all,\n\n  I am looking for a recommandation on a good royalty free graphics\nlibrary package for C and C++ program.  This is mainly use to write\nchildren games and education software.  I heard someone mentioned Genus\nand also GFX ?  Are they any good?\n\nPlease pardon me if my question sounds a little strange, I am asking\nthis question for a friend.\n\nThanks in advance!\n\nCaroline Tsang\n<cst@garfield.catt.ncsu.edu>\n  \n',
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency and Jeff Clark\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <healta.136.734813153@saturn.wwc.edu>\nhealta@saturn.wwc.edu (TAMMY R HEALY) writes:\n \n(Deletion)\n>You also said,"Why did millions suffer for what Adam and Ee did?  Seems a\n>pretty sick way of going about creating a universe..."\n>\n>I\'m gonna respond by giving a small theology lesson--forgive me, I used\n>to be a theology major.\n>First of all, I believe that this planet is involved in a cosmic struggle--\n>"the Great Controversy betweed Christ and Satan" (i borrowed a book title).\n>God has to consider the interests of the entire universe when making\n>decisions.\n(Deletion)\n \nAn universe it has created. By the way, can you tell me why it is less\ntyrannic to let one of one\'s own creatures do what it likes to others?\nBy your definitions, your god has created Satan with full knowledge what\nwould happen - including every choice of Satan.\n \nCan you explain us what Free Will is, and how it goes along with omniscience?\nDidn\'t your god know everything that would happen even before it created the\nworld? Why is it concerned about being a tyrant when noone would care if\neverything was fine for them? That the whole idea comes from the possibility\nto abuse power, something your god introduced according to your description?\n \n \nBy the way, are you sure that you have read the FAQ? Especially the part\nabout preaching?\n   Benedikt\n',
  u'From: morley@suncad.camosun.bc.ca (Mark Morley)\nSubject: VGA Mode 13h Routines Available\nNntp-Posting-Host: suncad.camosun.bc.ca\nOrganization: Camosun College, Victoria B.C, Canada\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4\nLines: 31\n\nHi there,\n\nI\'ve made a VGA mode 13h graphics library available via FTP.  I originally\nwrote the routines as a kind of exercise for myself, but perhaps someone\nhere will find them useful.  They are certainly useable as they are, but\nare missing some higher-level functionality.  They\'re intended more as an\nintro to mode 13h programming, a starting point.\n\n*** The library assumes a 386 processor, but it is trivial to modify it\n*** for a 286.  If enough people ask, I\'ll make the mods and re-post it as a\n*** different version.\n\nThe routines are written in assembly (TASM) and are callable from C.  They\nare fairly simple, but I\'ve found them to be very fast (for my purposes,\nanyway).  Routines are included to enter and exit mode 13h, define a\n"virtual screen", put and get pixels, put a pixmap (rectangular image with\nno transparent spots), put a sprite (image with see-thru areas), copy\nareas of the virtual screen into video memory, etc.  I\'ve also included a\nsimple C routine to draw a line, as well as a C routine to load a 256\ncolor GIF image into a buffer.  I also wrote a quick\'n\'dirty(tm) demo program\nthat bounces a bunch of sprites around behind three "windows".\n\nThe whole package is available on spang.camosun.bc.ca in /pub/dos/vgl.zip \nIt is zipped with pkzip 2.04g\n\nIt is completely in the public domain, as far as I\'m concerned.  Do with\nit whatever you like.  However, it\'d be nice to get credit where it\'s due,\nand maybe an e-mail telling me you like it (if you don\'t like it don\'t bother)\n\nMark\nmorley@camosun.bc.ca\n',
  u"From: raynor@cs.scarolina.edu (Harold Brian Raynor)\nSubject: Help needed on hidden line removal\nSummary: Need help with Roberts algorithm/Hidden line removal\nKeywords: hidden line graphics 3D\nOrganization: USC  Department of Computer Science\nDistribution: comp\nLines: 20\n\n\nI am looking for some information of hidden line removal using Roberts\nalgorithm.  Something with code, or pseudo code would be especially\nhelpful.\n\nI am required to do this for a class, due Monday (we have very little\ntime to implement these changes, it is a VERY FAST paced class).  The\nnotes given in class leave a LOT to be desired, so I would vastly\nappreciate any help.\n\nActually any algorithm would be nice (Roberts or no).  The main problem\nis two objects intersecting in x and y dimensions, need to know which\nlines to clip off so that one object will appear in front of another.\n\nIf you can give me an ftp address and filename, or even the name of a\ngood book, I'd REALLY appreciate it.\n\nThanks,\nBrian Raynor\n\n",
  u"From: emm@tamarack202.cray.com (Mike McConnell)\nSubject: Interleaf to CGM\nOriginator: emm@tamarack202\nKeywords: Interleaf, CGM, ileaf\nLines: 13\nNntp-Posting-Host: tamarack202.cray.com\nOrganization: Cray Research, Inc.\n\n\nHas anyone successfully converted Interleaf graphics to CGM, or even heard\nof it being done????\n\n\nWe'd love to hear about it.\n\n-Mike McConnell\n\nemm@cray.com\n\n\n\n",
  u'From: Dave Watson <watson@maths.uwa.edu.au>\nSubject: Re: Delaunay Triangulation\nOrganization: The University of Western Australia\nLines: 29\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: watson@maths.uwa.edu.au\nNNTP-Posting-Host: madvax.maths.uwa.oz.au\n\nzyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh) writes:\n\n>Does anybody know what Delaunay Triangulation is?\n>Is there any reference to it? \n\nThe Delaunay triangulation is the geometrical dual of the \nVoronoi tessellation and both constructions are derived from\nnatural neighbor order.\n\nAurenhammer, F., 1991, Voronoi Diagrams - A Survey of a \nFundamental Geometric Data Structure:\nACM Computing Surveys, 23(3), p. 345-405. \n\nOkabe, A., Boots, B., and Sugihara, K., 1992, Spatial \ntessellations : concepts and applications of Voronoi diagrams: \nWiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 0 471 93430 5, 532p.\n\nWatson, D.F., 1981, Computing the n-dimensional Delaunay \ntessellation with application to Voronoi polytopes: \nThe Computer J., 24(2), p. 167-172.}\n\nWatson, D.F., 1985, Natural neighbour sorting: The Australian \nComputer J., 17(4), p. 189-193. \n\n--\nDave Watson                          Internet: watson@maths.uwa.edu.au\nDepartment of Mathematics            \nThe University of Western Australia               Tel: (61 9) 380 3359\nNedlands, WA 6009  Australia.                     FAX: (61 9) 380 1028\n',
  u'From: bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig)\nSubject: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Starfleet Headquarters: San Francisco\nLines: 114\n\nbrian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615) writes:\n>Brian Kendig writes:\n>\n>>If you can explain to me why the death of Jesus was a *good* thing,\n>>then I would be very glad to hear it, and you might even convert me.\n>>Be warned, however, that I\'ve heard all the most common arguments\n>>before, and they just don\'t convince me.\n>\n>Ask Jesus himself.  He himself said why in John 12:23-32.  It\n>isn\'t a mystery to anyone and there certainly is no need for\n>a persuasive argument.   Read Jesus\'s own reply to your\n>question.\n\nJohn 12:24-26: "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat\nfalls onto the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it\nproduces much grain.\n  "He who loves his life will lose it, and he who hates his life in\nthis world will keep it for eternal life.\n  "If anyone serves Me, let him follow Me; and where I am, there My\nservant will be also.  If anyone serves Me, him My Father will honor."\n\nWhy would I want an eternal life if I hate this one?\n\nIf we were created by a deity, why would that deity not wish us to\nenjoy what he has given us?\n\nWhy would I want to live forever?  The challenge in my life is that I\nwill die, and that I must give my life the meaning I wish it to have\nbefore that happens.  My time is here and will someday pass; I will be\ncontent to live on in the memories of my friends, and once they too\nare dead, then I will no longer have any reason to exist.\n\nIn short: even if your deity *does* exist, that doesn\'t automatically\nmean that I would worship it.  I am content to live my own life, and\nfend for myself, so when I die, I can be proud of the fact that no\nmatter where I end up, it will be because of *my* actions and *my* choices.\n\nIf your god decides to toss me into a flaming pit for this, then so be\nit.  I would much rather just cease to exist.  But if your god wants\nmy respect and my obedience, then it had better earn these; and if it\ndoes, then they will be very strong and true.\n\n>Jesus gives more reasons in John 16:7.  But one obvious reason\n>why Jesus died, (and as with everything else, it has nothing do with\n>his punishment) was that he could rise to life again--so that\n>we would "stop doubting and believe" (John 21:27).  The fact\n>that Jesus rose from the dead is my hope that I too will rise\n>from the dead.  It is an obvious point.  Do not overlook it.\n>Without this obvious point, I would have no hope\n>and my faith would be vanity.\n\nJesus wasn\'t the only one who rose from the dead -- I think it was\nOsiris who did the same, as well as a few characters from Greek or\nNorse legend, if memory serves.\n\nBut still: WHY would I want to rise from the dead?  Why do *you* want to?\n\n>Why did Jesus suffer in his death?  Again, ask Jesus.  Jesus\n>says why in John 15:18-25.   That\'s no mystery either.  "The\n>world hates him without reason."  It is a direct proclamation\n>of how far we humans botch things up and thus, how much we\n>need a Saviour.\n\nIf your god wants to win my devotion, then it knows what it can do --\nprovide some way for me to believe without having to resort to blind\nfaith that could be applied equally well to any religion.\n\n>And why can\'t you, Brian K., accept this?  How can you?  "The\n>world cannot accept him because it neither sees him nor knows\n>him."  (John 14:17).\n\nThat\'s precisely it.  I neither see nor know Zeus either, nor Odin.\nShall I offer them the same devotion I offer Jesus?\n\n>The animosity and the lack of knowledge\n>that comes out in your twistings of Robert\'s daily verses is\n>very convincing testimony of the truth of John 14:17 and 16:25.\n\nYou\'ve got to understand my point-of-view: I see Christians spouting\nBible verse all the time as if it were some sort of magic spell that\nwill level all opposition.  Truth is, it\'s not.  Robert has never\ndemonstrated that he actually understands what the verses imply; he\njust rattles them off day by day.  Some brazenly fly in the face of\ncommon sense and reality, and I point these out where I can.\n\nBut even more than that, even when Christians *do* try to explain the\nverses in their own words, they do so from a Christian point of view,\nwhich is that every human being would want to be a Christian if only\nhe or she understood the Christian message properly, and then all\nstrife and suffering on the earth would end.  Here\'s the problem with\nthat: substitute "Moslem" or "Buddhist" or "Satanist" instead of\n"Christian", and it means the same thing.\n\nChristanity is a very nice belief set around a very nice book.  But if\nyou want to make me believe that it has any bearing on the REAL WORLD,\nyou\'ve got some convincing to do.\n\n>I pray and hope that I do blurt out such animosity and lack of\n>knowledge. I am not perfect either.  But regardless of that, I thank\n>God that Jesus revealed himself to me, without whom I\'d also be\n>bumbling about blindly though arrogantly slandering the very\n>Person who created me and who loves me.\n\nAnd in my opinion, you\'re bumbling about blindly making up entities\nwhere there aren\'t any, and depriving yourself of a true understanding\nand enjoyment of your life.  As long as you keep your beliefs to\nyourself, I\'ll keep my beliefs to myself -- but as soon as you start\nwaving them around, expect me to toss in my opinions, too.\n-- \n_/_/_/  Brian Kendig                             Je ne suis fait comme aucun\n/_/_/  bskendig@netcom.com                de ceux que j\'ai vus; j\'ose croire\n_/_/                            n\'etre fait comme aucun de ceux qui existent.\n  /  The meaning of life     Si je ne vaux pas mieux, au moins je suis autre.\n /    is that it ends.                                           -- Rousseau\n',
  u"From: trb3@Ra.MsState.Edu (Tony R. Boutwell)\nSubject: HOT NEW 3D Software\nKeywords: Imagine,3d\nNntp-Posting-Host: ra.msstate.edu\nOrganization: Mississippi State University\nLines: 20\n\nThere is a new product for the (IBM'ers) out there... it is called\nIMAGINE and it just started shipping yesterday... I can personally attest that it will blow the doors off of 3D-Studio.  It is made by IMPUlSE, and is in its\n3rd version....(1st) for the IBM.... it can do morphing, your standard key-framming animation, it is a raytracer (reflections & shadows), and can do/apply special FX to objects... (like ripple, explode, bounce) things of that nature.  Also it has algorithmic texture maps....and your standard brushmapping also...\n\nyou can have animated brushmaps...(ie. live video mapped on the objs)...\nalso animated backdrops (ie. live video backgrounds)\nalso animted reflections maps....\n\nyou get the idea.... it will run for about 500$ retail (I think)...\n\ndont let the low price fool you.... this product can do it all when it\ncomes to 3D-animation and Renderering...!\n\nalso....does anyone here know how to get in the Imagine mailing list??\nplease e-mail me if you do or post up here....\n\noh...the number for IMPULSE is --->1 800 328 0184\n\ntrb3@ra.msstate.edu\n\n",
  u'From: dickeney@access.digex.com (Dick Eney)\nSubject: Re: Flaming Nazis\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt, MD USA\nLines: 10\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nThe trouble with trying to find out the truth is that Roehm and his\nbuddies were ACCUSED OF being flaming faggots, one of the pretexts for the\nNight of Long Knives in which Roehm and most of the SA wing of the NSDAP\nwere purged.  Since the accusers thereafter controlled the records,\nanything bearing on the subject -- true or not -- has to be considered\ntainted evidence.  The available data suggest that Roehm and his crowd,\nthe SA -- Sturmabteilung, "Storm Troopers" -- left the world a better\nplace when they departed, but concrete particulars are still no more than\nmore or less shrewd guesses.  \n-- Diccon Frankborn\n',
  u'From: globus@nas.nasa.gov (Al Globus)\nSubject: Space Colony Size Preferences Summary\nOrganization: Applied Research Office, NASA Ames Research Center\nReply-To: globus@nas.nasa.gov\nDistribution: sci.space\nLines: 92\n\n\nSome time ago I sent the following message:\n   Every once in a while I design an orbital space colony.  I\'m gearing up to\n   do another one.  I\'d some info from you. If you were to move\n   onto a space colony to live permanently, how big would the colony have\n   to be for you to view a permanent move as desirable?  Specifically,\n\n   How many people do you want to share the colony with?\n \n\n   What physical dimensions does the living are need to have?  \n\n\n   Assume 1g living (the colony will rotate).  Assume that you can leave\n   from time to time for vacations and business trips.  If you\'re young\n   enough, assume that you\'ll raise your children there.\n\nI didn\'t get a lot of responses, and they were all over the block.\nThanx muchly to all those who responded, it is good food for thought.\n\n\n\n\nHere\'s the (edited) responses I got:\n\n\n   How many people do you want to share the colony with?\n \n100\n\n   What physical dimensions does the living are need to have?  \n\nCylinder 200m diameter x 1 km long\n\nRui Sousa\nruca@saber-si.pt\n\n=============================================================================\n\n>   How many people do you want to share the colony with?\n\n100,000 - 250,000\n\n>   What physical dimensions does the living are need to have?  \n\n100 square kms surface, divided into city, towns, villages and\ncountryside.  Must have lakes, rivers amd mountains.\n\n=============================================================================\n\n> How many\n1000.  1000 people really isn\'t that large a number;\neveryone will know everyone else within the space of a year, and will probably\nbe sick of everyone else within another year.\n\n>What physical dimensions does the living are need to have?  \n\nHm.  I am not all that great at figuring it out.  But I would maximize the\npercentage of colony-space that is accessible to humans.  Esecially if there\nwere to be children, since they will figure out how to go everywhere anyways.\nAnd everyone, especially me, likes to "go exploring"...I would want to be able\nto go for a walk and see something different each time...\n\n=============================================================================\n\nFor population, I think I would want a substantial town -- big enough\nto have strangers in it.  This helps get away from the small-town\n"everybody knows everything" syndrome, which some people like but\nI don\'t.  Call it several thousand people.\n\nFor physical dimensions, a somewhat similar criterion:  big enough\nto contain surprises, at least until you spent considerable time\ngetting to know it.  As a more specific rule of thumb, big enough\nfor there to be places at least an hour away on foot.  Call that\n5km, which means a 10km circumference if we\'re talking a sphere.\n\n                                         Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology\n                                          henry@zoo.toronto.edu   utzoo!henry\n\n=============================================================================\nMy desires, for permanent move to a space colony, assuming easy communication\nand travel:\n\nSize:  About a small-town size, say 9 sq. km.  \'Course, bigger is better :-)\nPopulation:  about 100/sq km or less.  So, ~1000 for 9sqkm.  Less is\nbetter for elbow room, more for interest and sanity, so say max 3000, min 300.\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams | 517-355-2178 (work) \\\\     Inhale to the Chief!\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu  | 336-9591 (hm)\\\\  Zonker Harris in 1996!\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u"From: mayne@pipe.cs.fsu.edu (William Mayne)\nSubject: Re: *** The list of Biblical contradictions\nOrganization: Florida State University Computer Science Department\nReply-To: mayne@cs.fsu.edu\nLines: 14\n\nIn article <7912@blue.cis.pitt.edu> joslin@pogo.isp.pitt.edu (David Joslin) writes:\n>[Many good points deleted. Anyone who missed it should see the original.]\n>Lists like this that just toss a bunch of quotes together to\n>make a bible verse salad just don't cut it.  Those of us who\n>want to argue against inerrancy should find this sort of thing\n>as embarassing as the fundies should find Josh McDowell.\n\nTrue, except that I've known few fundies who had enough sense to\nbe embarrassed by Josh McDowell.\n\n(Okay, maybe a cheap shot. But I'm in that kind of mood.)\n\nBill Mayne\n\n",
  u"From: kempmp@phoenix.oulu.fi (Petri Pihko)\nSubject: Re: Consciousness part II - Kev Strikes Back!\nOrganization: University of Oulu, Finland\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 30\n\nScott D. Sauyet (SSAUYET@eagle.wesleyan.edu) wrote:\n> In <1993Apr21.163848.8099@cs.nott.ac.uk> \n> Kevin Anthony (kax@cs.nott.ac.uk) writes:\n\n> > Firstly, I'm not impressed with the ability of algorithms. They're\n> > great at solving problems once the method has been worked out, but not\n> > at working out the method itself.\n>   [ .. crossword example deleted ... ]\n\n> Have you heard of neural networks?  I've read a little about them, and\n> they seems to overcome most of your objections.\n\nI'm sure there are many people who work with neural networks and\nread this newsgroup. Please tell Kevin what you've achieved, and\nwhat you expect.\n\n> I am not saying that NNs will solve all such problems, but I think\n> they show that it is not as hard as you think to come up with\n> mechanical models of consciousness.\n\nIndeed. I think dualism is a non-solution, or, as Dennett recently\nput it, a dead horse. \n\nPetri\n\n--\n ___. .'*''.*        Petri Pihko    kem-pmp@          Mathematics is the Truth.\n!___.'* '.'*' ' .    Pihatie 15 C    finou.oulu.fi    Physics is the Rule of\n       ' *' .* '*    SF-90650 OULU  kempmp@           the Game.\n          *'  *  .*  FINLAND         phoenix.oulu.fi  -> Chemistry is The Game.\n",
  u'Subject: Re: Alleged Deathbed Conversions (was: Asimov stamp)\nFrom: lippard@skyblu.ccit.arizona.edu (James J. Lippard)\n <C61H4H.8D4@dcs.ed.ac.uk> <sheafferC63zt0.Brs@netcom.com> <C6697n.33o@panix.com>\nDistribution: world,local\nOrganization: University of Arizona\nNntp-Posting-Host: skyblu.ccit.arizona.edu\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \nLines: 42\n\nIn article <C6697n.33o@panix.com>, carlf@panix.com (Carl Fink) writes...\n>In <sheafferC63zt0.Brs@netcom.com> sheaffer@netcom.com (Robert Sheaffer) writes:\n> \n>[deletion]\n>>It had to happen: the old allegation of the "deathbed conversion" of the\n>>noted unbeliever. I seem to recall similar claims being made about\n>>Voltaire, Mencken, Darwin, Ingersoll, etc. Indeed, the literary hoax\n>>attributed to Nietzsche, "My Sister and I", portrays him as trembling\n>>in fear before Divine Judgment (and it was recently re-issued by _Amok_\n>>Books, with an introduction by a Lutheran professor telling us why we\n>>should take it seriously!). What all of these "deathbed conversion"\n>>claims have in common is that they are utterly unsubstantiated, and\n>>almost certainly untrue.\n> \n>  Perhaps the least believable and most infurating alleged conversion\n>was that of Tom Paine, reported, like most, only by his devout\n>relatives.\n> \n>  Asimov was very unlikely to convert to Christianity on his deathbed.\n>Return to Judaism, perhaps, if he did revert to childhood training,\n>but Christianity?  The Good Doctor would more likely have converted to\n>Hinduism.\n\n"Isaac Asimov read creationist books.  He read the Bible.  He had ample\nopportunity to kneel before his Creator and Savior.  He refused.  In\nfact, he sent out a strong promotional letter urging support of the\nAmerican Humanist Association, shortly before he died."\n\n   --excerpt from Ken Ham, "Asimov Meets His Creator," _Back to Genesis_\n     No. 42, June 1992, p. c (included in _Acts & Facts_ vol. 21, no. 6,\n     June 1992, from the Institute for Creation Research).  This is one\n     of the most offensive articles they\'ve ever published--but at least\n     it argues *against* a deathbed conversion.  There\'s a part of the\n     article even worse than what I\'ve just quoted, in which an excerpt\n     from a reader\'s letter says that if Asimov is burning in hell now,\n     "then he certainly has had a 180-degree change in his former beliefs\n     about creation and the Creator."  (A post-deathbed conversion.)\n\nJim Lippard              Lippard@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU\nDept. of Philosophy      Lippard@ARIZVMS.BITNET\nUniversity of Arizona\nTucson, AZ 85721\n',
  u'From: rdl1@ukc.ac.uk (R.D.Lorenz)\nSubject: Cold Gas tanks for Sounding Rockets\nOrganization: Computing Lab, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK.\nLines: 14\nNntp-Posting-Host: eagle.ukc.ac.uk\n\n>Does anyone know how to size cold gas roll control thruster tanks\n>for sounding rockets?\n\nWell, first you work out how much cold gas you need, then make the\ntanks big enough.\n\nWorking out how much cold gas is another problem, depending on\nvehicle configuration, flight duration, thruster Isp (which couples\ninto storage pressure, which may be a factor in selecting tank\nwall thickness etc.)\n\nRalph Lorenz\nUnit for Space Sciences\nUniversity of Kent, UK\n',
  u'From: Wingert@vnet.IBM.COM (Bret Wingert)\nSubject: Re: Level 5?\nOrganization: IBM, Federal Systems Co. Software Services\n              IBM, Federal Systems Co. Software Services\nDisclaimer: This posting represents the poster\'s views, not those of IBM\nNews-Software: UReply 3.1\nLines: 91\n\nIn <C5uBn5.tz@zoo.toronto.edu> Henry Spencer writes:\n>In article <1993Apr21.134436.26140@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:\n>>>>(given that I\'ve heard the Shuttle software rated as Level 5 ...\n>>>Level 5?  Out of how many? ...\n>>\n>>... Also keep in mind that it was\n>>*not* achieved through the use of sophisticated tools, but rather\n>>through a \'brute force and ignorance\' attack on the problem during the\n>>Challenger standdown - they simply threw hundreds of people at it and\n>>did the whole process by hand...\n>\n>I think this is a little inaccurate, based on Feynman\'s account of the\n>software-development process *before* the standdown.  Fred is basically\n>correct:  no sophisticated tools, just a lot of effort and painstaking\n>care.  But they got this one right *before* Challenger; Feynman cited\n>the software people as exemplary compared to the engine people.  (He\n>also noted that the software people were starting to feel management\n>pressure to cut corners, but hadn\'t had to give in to it much yet.)\n>\n>Among other things, the software people worked very hard to get things\n>right for the major pre-flight simulations, and considered a failure\n>during those simulations to be nearly as bad as an in-flight failure.\n>As a result, the number of major-simulation failures could be counted\n>on one hand, and the number of in-flight failures was zero.\n>\n>As Fred mentioned elsewhere, this applies only to the flight software.\n>Software that runs experiments is typically mostly put together by the\n>experimenters, and gets nowhere near the same level of Tender Loving Care.\n>(None of the experimenters could afford it.)\n>--\n>All work is one man\'s work.             | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\n>                    - Kipling           |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n>\nNews-Software: UReply 3.1\nX-X-From: Wingert@VNET.IBM.com (Bret Wingert)\n            <C5uBn5.tz@zoo.toronto.edu>\n\nIn <C5uBn5.tz@zoo.toronto.edu> Henry Spencer writes:\n>In article <1993Apr21.134436.26140@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:\n>>>>(given that I\'ve heard the Shuttle software rated as Level 5 ...\n>>>Level 5?  Out of how many? ...\n>>\n>>... Also keep in mind that it was\n>>*not* achieved through the use of sophisticated tools, but rather\n>>through a \'brute force and ignorance\' attack on the problem during the\n>>Challenger standdown - they simply threw hundreds of people at it and\n>>did the whole process by hand...\n>\n>I think this is a little inaccurate, based on Feynman\'s account of the\n>software-development process *before* the standdown.  Fred is basically\n>correct:  no sophisticated tools, just a lot of effort and painstaking\n>care.  But they got this one right *before* Challenger; Feynman cited\n>the software people as exemplary compared to the engine people.  (He\n>also noted that the software people were starting to feel management\n>pressure to cut corners, but hadn\'t had to give in to it much yet.)\n>\n>As Fred mentioned elsewhere, this applies only to the flight software.\n>Software that runs experiments is typically mostly put together by the\n>experimenters, and gets nowhere near the same level of Tender Loving Care.\n ========================================================================\nA couple of points on this thread.\n\n1. We have been using our processes since way before Challenger.  Challenger\n   in and of it self did not uncover flaws.\n\n2. What Mr. Spencer says is by and large true.  We have a process that is\n   not dependent on "sophisticated tools"  (CASE tools?).  However, tools\n   cannot fix a bad process.  Also, tool support for HAL/S (the Shuttle\n   Language) is somewhat limited.\n\n3. The Onboard Flight Software project was rated "Level 5" by a NASA team.\n   This group generates 20-40 KSLOCs of verified code per year for NASA.\n\n4. Feel free to call me if you or your organization is interested in more info\n   on our software development process.\n\nBret Wingert\n\n\n(713)-282-7534\nFAX: (713)-282-8077\n\n\nBret Wingert\n\n\n(713)-282-7534\nFAX: (713)-282-8077\n\n\n',
  u'From: kadie@cs.uiuc.edu (Carl M Kadie)\nSubject: [UPI] "Mother files complaint over Boy Scouts"\nKeywords: children, special interest, gambling, human interest, \tchildren\'s education, education\nOrganization: University of Illinois, Dept. of Comp. Sci., Urbana, IL\nLines: 18\n\n[By default, followups to 3 newsgroups.]\n\nA short excerpt:\n\n>\tBROOKFIELD, Wis. (UPI) -- A mother has filed a complaint with the\n>Elmbrook School Board alleging her son\'s elementary school and its\n>Parent-Teacher Organization show discrimination by supporting the Boy\n>Scouts.\n>\tGisele Klemp said Wednesday the PTO\'s sponsorship of a Boy Scout\n>troop and Cub Scout pack that meet at Hillside Elementary School in\n>surbarban Milwaukee is discrimination because the Boy Scouts ban\n>homosexuals.\n[...]\n>\tPTO President Gail Pludeman disputed the charges of discrimination\n>and said she believes the Boy Scouts are beneficial.\n-- \nCarl Kadie -- I do not represent any organization; this is just me.\n = kadie@cs.uiuc.edu =\n',
  u'From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: Political Atheists?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nbobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n\n>>If I kill this person [an innocent person convicted of murder],\n>>then a murder would be committed, but I would not be the murderer.  At least,\n>>I wouldn\'t "reasonably" be considered a murderer, with "reasonable" being\n>>introduced as a fudge factor necessary to account for the inability to be\n>>totally objective due to a lack of absolutely true information.\n>If society collective decides to carry the burden of executing\n>it\'s citizens, then it also carries the blame for their innocent\n>blood.  Each and every voter who casts a ballot in favor of\n>capital punishment is in part guilty of the murder of each and\n>every innocent victim of the system.\n\nWhy are only those people in favor of the system to blame.  If society\naccepts such a system, then each member of society is to blame when\nan innocent person gets executed.  Those that are not in favor should\nwork to convince others.\n\nAnd, most members of our society have accepted the blame--they\'ve considered\nthe risk to be acceptable.  Similarly, every person who drives must accept\nthe blame for fatal traffic accidents.  This is something that is surely\ngoing to happen when so many people are driving.  It is all a question of\nwhat risk is acceptable.  It is much more likely that an innocent person\nwill be killed driving than it is that one will be executed.\n\nkeith\n',
  u'From: tombaker@world.std.com (Tom A Baker)\nSubject: Re: Shuttle Launch Question\nOrganization: Me, at The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 29\n\nIn article <15APR199320340428@stdvax> abdkw@stdvax (David Ward) writes:\n>In article <C5JLwx.4H9.1@cs.cmu.edu>, ETRAT@ttacs1.ttu.edu (Pack Rat) writes...\n>>There has been something bothering me while watching\n>>NASA Select for a while.  Well, I should\'nt say\n>>bothering, maybe wondering would be better.  When\n>>they are going to launch they say (sorry but I forget\n>>exactly who is saying what, OTC to PLT I think)\n>>"Clear caution & warning memory.  Verify no unexpected\n>>errors. ...".  I am wondering what an "expected error" might\n>>be.  Sorry if this is a really dumb question, but\n>\n>\n>In pure speculation, I would guess cautions based on hazardous\n>pre-launch ops would qualify.  Something like "Caution:  SRBs\n>have just been armed."  \n\nAlso in pure speculation:\n\nParity errors in memory or previously known conditions that were waivered.\n   "Yes that is an error, but we already knew about it"\n\nAny problem where they decided a backup would handle it.\n\nAny problem in an area that was not criticality 1,2,3..., that is, any\n   problem in a system they decided they could do without.\n\nI\'d be curious as to what the real meaning of the quote is.\n\ntom\n',
  u"From: greg@cs.uct.ac.za (Gregory Torrance)\nSubject: Automatic layout of state diagrams\nOrganization: Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town\nLines: 18\n\nHi,\n\nI'm hoping someone out there will be able to help our computer science\nproject group. We are doing computer science honours, and our project\nis to do a 'graphical simulator for a finite state automata'.\n\nBasically, the program must draw a diagram of a FSA from a textual grammar,\nshowing circles for states, and labeled arc's in-between.\n\nThe problem is working out the best way to layout the states, and draw the\narc's in-between so that as few arc's as possible cross each other.\n\nIf anyone has any suggestions/algorithms/bug-free ready to compile C code :) \nthat might help us, it would be much appreciated.\n\nThanks in advance,\n\nGregory\n",
  u'From: dietz@cs.rochester.edu (Paul Dietz)\nSubject: Re: nuclear waste\nOrganization: University of Rochester\n\nIn article <844@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp> will@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp (William Reiken) writes:\n\n>\tOk, so how about the creation of oil producing bacteria?  I figure\n> that if you can make them to eat it up then you can make them to shit it.\n> Any comments?\n\nThey exist.  Even photosynthetic varieties.  Not economical at this\ntime, though.\n\n\tPaul F. Dietz\n\tdietz@cs.rochester.edu\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Why DC-1 will be the way of the future.\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 12\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <1993Apr22.164801.7530@julian.uwo.ca> jdnicoll@prism.ccs.uwo.ca (James Davis Nicoll) writes:\n>\tHmmm. I seem to recall that the attraction of solid state record-\n>players and radios in the 1960s wasn't better performance but lower\n>per-unit cost than vacuum-tube systems.\n>\n\n\nI don't think so at first,  but solid state offered  better reliabity,\nid bet,  and any lower costs would be only after the processes really scaled up.\n\npat\n\n",
  u"From: qwert@hardy.u.washington.edu (The QwertMeister)\nSubject: POV/TGA\nOrganization: University of Washington, Seattle\nLines: 10\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: qwert@u.washington.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hardy.u.washington.edu\n\nI'm having a slight problem with the POV raytracer.  I'm not sure if\nthis is the correct group to post to or not.  I create .tga files on\na unix machine using pov.  Then when i download them to display on my pc,\nthey're listed as bad files.  But when I create the file on my pc, it displays\nfine.  Are unix .tga's incompatible with the pc?  An easy solution to this\nproblem would be a unix targa->gif converter.  Anyone know where I could\nfind one?  Any help on this subject is appreciated.  \n\n- Kevin\n\n",
  u'From: darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice)\nSubject: Islam and Sufism (was Re: Move the Islam discussions...)\nOrganization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.\nLines: 18\n\n(Short reply to Kent Sandvik\'s post remarking how it is strange that\nsomehow Sufism is related to Islam, as [to him] they seem quite\ndifferent.)\n\nIf one really understands Islam, it is not strange that Sufism is\nassociated with it.  In fact, Sufism is (in general) seen as the "inner\ndimension" of Islam.\n\nOne of the "roots" of the word "Islam" is "submission" -- "Islam"\ndenotes submission to God.  Sufism is the most complete submission to\nGod imaginable, in "annihilating" oneself in God.\n\n(I am not a Sufi or on the Sufi path, but have read a lot and recently\nhave been discussing a number of things with others who are on the Sufi\npath.)\n\n Fred Rice\n darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au   \n',
  u'From: dkusswur@falcon.depaul.edu (Daniel C. Kusswurm)\nSubject: Siggraph 1987 Course Notes\nNntp-Posting-Host: falcon.depaul.edu\nOrganization: DePaul University, Chicago\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 7\n\nI am looking for a copy of the following Siggraph publication: Gomez, J.E.\n"Comments on Event Driven Annimation," Siggraph Course Notes, 10, 1987.\n\nIf anyone knows of a location where I can obtain a copy of these notes, I\nwould appreciate if they could let me know.  Thanks.\n\ndkusswur@falcon.depaul.edu\n',
  u'From: eylerken@stein.u.washington.edu (Ken Eyler)\nSubject: 3D Animation Station\nArticle-I.D.: shelley.1r75bgINNob9\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: University of Washington, Seattle\nLines: 18\nNNTP-Posting-Host: stein.u.washington.edu\n\n\n\tI am looking for some information about 3D animation stations that\nare currently on the market.  The price of the station can be from 5K-20K, \nbut no more than $20,000.00.  Type of workstation doesnt matter (PC, MAC, \nSGI etc..) .  If you use or have bought/looked at one or can suggest your\ndream machine, then please mail me your configurations.  I need the following.\n\n\t1. Type of station (PC, MAC etc.. )\n\t2. Expandibilty of the machine.\n\t3. Software that can run on it\n\t4. VTR Controller and/or VTR deck model/name.\n\t5. Vendors names and numbers.\n\nThanks in advance.\n\n\t\t\t\t\tKen Eyler\n\t\t\t\t\teylerken@u.washington.edu\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Evergreen State College\n',
  u'From: yoo@engr.ucf.edu (Hoi Yoo)\nSubject: Ribbon Information ?\nOrganization: engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 20\n\n\n\nDoes anyone out there have or know of, any kind of utility program for\n\nRibbons?\n\n\nRibbons are a popular representation for 2D shape.  I am trying to\nfind symmetry axis in a given any 2D shape using ribbons.\n\n\nAny suggestions will be greatly appreciated how to start program. \n\n\nThanks very much in advance,\nHoi\n\n\nyoo@engr.ucf.edu\n\n',
  u'From: Cohen@ssdgwy.mdc.com (Andy Cohen)\nSubject: Report on redesign team\nOrganization: MDA-W\nLines: 172\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: q5022531.mdc.com\n\nThe following is what they feed to us..... most has been posted already,\nbut there are a number of items not seen here yet.....\n\nRedesign Activities Update -- Following is the weekly status on redesign,\nbased on information provided by NASA headquarters.\n\nThe station Redesign Team (SRT) provided a detailed status report to the\nAdvisory Committee on the Redesign of the Space Station on April 22.  The\nday-long meeting was held in ANSER facilities in Crystal City, VA; topics\ncovered by the SRT included a preliminary mission and goals statement for\nthe space station; science, technology and engineering research; the\nassessment process; and the design approach. Discussions on management\noptions and operations concepts also were held.\n\nThe Design Teams then presented the three options under study:\n\n\xa5 Option A - Modular Buildup -- Pete Priest presented the A option. Priest\nsaid the team is working to define a station that meets cost goals and has\nidentified three distinct phases of evolution - power station, human tended\nand permanent presence. The team will define the minimum capability needed\nto achieve each phase, the total cost of each phase and the achievable\ncapability for budget levels. The A option uses current or simplified\nFreedom hardware where cost effective and is considering other existing\nsystems such as the so-called "Bus-1 spacecraft," the orbiter and Spacelab.\n\nThe Power Station Capability could be achieved in 3 flights with Freedom\nphoto voltaic modules providing 20 kW of power. 30-day Shuttle/Spacelab\nmissions docked to the power station are assumed for this phase.\n\nHuman Tended Capability would be provided by the addition of the U.S.\nCommon Module Module which adds subsystems and 9 payload racks and docking\nports for ESA and Japanese laboratories. 60-day missions with the orbiter\ndocked to the station are assumed for this phase. Different\noperation/utilization modes are being studied for this phase.\n\n\xa5 Option B - Freedom Derived -- Mike Griffin presented the status of Option\nB activities. Griffin detailed the evolution of the Freedom-derived option,\nfrom initial Research Capability, to Human-Tended Capability, to Permanent\nHuman Presence Capability, to Two Fault Tolerance, and finally Permanent\nHuman Capability. Griffin also outlined proposed systems changes to the\nbaseline program, with minor changes to the Communications and Tracking\nsystem, Crew Health Care System and ECLSS, and a major change to the Data\nManagement System.\n\nInitial Research Capability would be achieved with 2 flights to 28.5 degree\ninclination (3 flights to 51.6 degrees) and consist of an extended duration\norbiter-Spacelab combination docked to a truss segment with 2 photo voltaic\narrays providing 18.75 kW of power.\n\nHuman-Tended Capability would be achieved in 6 flights and add truss\nsegments and the U.S. lab.\n\nPermanent Human Presence Capability would be achieved in 8 flights with two\norbiters providing habitation and assured crew return.\n\nTwo Fault Tolerance, achieved in 11 flights, would build out the other\nsection of truss with another set of PV modules, thermal control and\npropulsion systems.\n\nThe freedom derived configuration could achieve an International Complete\nstate with 16 flights.  Three more flights, to bring up the habitat module,\na third PV array and two Assured Crew Return Vehicles (ACRV) would complete\nthe Permanent Human Capability with International stage.\n\nGriffin told the Redesign Advisory Committee that eliminating hardware\nwould not, by itself, meet budget guidelines for the Freedom derived\noption.  Major reductions or deferrals must occur in other areas including\nprogram management, contractor non-hardware, early utilization and\noperations costs, he said.\n\n\xa5 Option C - Singe Launch Core Station -- Chet Vaughn presented Option C,\nthe Single Launch Core Station concept.  A Shuttle external tank and solid\nrocket boosters would be used  to launch the station into orbit.  Shuttle\nmain engines would be mounted to the tail of the station module for launch\nand jettisoned after ET separation.\n\nThe module, 23 feet in diameter and 92 feet long, would provide 26,000\ncubic feet of pressured volume, separated into 7 "decks" connected by a\ncentralized passageway.  Seven berthing ports would be located at various\nplaces on the circumference of the module to place the international\nmodules, and other elements.  This "can" would have two fixed photo voltaic\narrays producing approximately 40 kW of power flying in a solar interial\nattitude.\n\nIn his closing comments to the Redesign Advisory Committee, Bryan O\'Connor\nsaid a design freeze would be established for the 3 options on April 26 so\nthat detailed costing of the options can begin.  The next meeting with the\nRedesign Advisory Committee will be May 3.\n\nRussian Consultants Arrive in U.S. -- A delegation of 16 Russian space\nexperts arrived in the U.S. on April 21 and briefings to the SRT by members\nof the Russian team began on the 22nd.  The group includes Russian Space\nAgency General Director Y. M. Koptev, and V. A. Yatsenko, also of the RSA. \nOthers on the team include representatives from the Ministry of Defense,\nthe Design Bureau SALYUT, the Institute of Biomedical Problems, the\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs, NPO Energia and TsNIJMASH.  The Russian team\nbriefed the SRT on environmental control and life support system, docking\nsystems, the Proton launch vehicle, Mir operations and utilization, and the\nSoyuz TM spacecraft.\n\nThe Russian consultants are available to the SRT to assess the capabilities\nof the Mir space station, and the possible use of Mir and other Russian\ncapabilities and systems as part of the space station redesign.  They will\nbe available to the SRT through May 5.\n\nManagement and Operations Review Continues --  Work continued in the SRT\nsubgroups.  The Management Group under Dr. Walt Brooks is working to\ndevelop a family of options that solve the current problems and build a\nfoundation for the transition to development and operations.  Various\nmanagement options have been developed including:\n\n\xa5 Lead Center with the Center Director in the programmatic chain of\ncommand.\n\n\xa5 Host Center with the Program Manager reporting directly to an Associate\nAdministrator.\n\n\xa5 Skunk Works/Dedicated Program Office with a small dedicated co-located\nhand-picked program office.\n\n\xa5 Combine Space Station with Shuttle, with the space station becoming an\nelement of the current program.\n\n\xa5 Major Tune Up to Current Organization, with current contracts and\ngeographical distribution maintained but streamlined.\n\nThe Operations Group under Dr. John Cox is building on the work of the\nOperations Phase Assessment Team lead by Gene Kranz of NASA-JSC, which had\nalready begun a comprehensive review of operations and had concluded in its\npreliminary results that significant cost reductions are possible.\n\nAs part of its work,  the Operations Group has identified teams of agency\nexperts to develop detailed evaluations of each design in the areas of\nassembly and operations, utilization, maintenance and logistics and testing\nand ground operations.\n\nWhat\'s in the Week Ahead? -- The Design Support Teams will provide a\ncomprehensive status of their option to the Station Redesign Team on Monday\nand Tuesday at which point the design will be "frozen" to begin the\ndetailed cost assessment.   Also this week, the team will begin preparing\nfor the next round of discussions with the redesign Advisory Committee, to\nbe held May 3.\n\nDr. Shea Steps Down --  Dr. Joe Shea stepped down as director of the\nStation Redesign Team on April 22 and Bryan O\'Connor will take over the\nactivities of the team.  Dr. Shea submitted his resignation as assistant\ndeputy administrator for space station analysis, but will continue to serve\nas a special advisory to NASA Administrator Goldin and be available to\nconsult with the SRT. Mr Goldin accepted the resignation so that a request\nfrom Dr. Shea to reduce his workload could be accommodated.\n\nKey Milestones -- The key dates for the SRT as they are currently being\ncarried on the schedule are:\n\nApril 26\nDesign Freeze on Options for Costing\n\nApril 27\nDesign Support Team Present Selected Options to SRT\n\nMay 3\nStatus report to Redesign Advisory Committee\n\nMay 15\nInterim report by Redesign Advisory Committee\n\nJune 7\nFinal report to Redesign Advisory Committee\n\n\n(Oct. 31-cancellation .....just my opinion...AC)\n \n',
  u"From: tessmann@cs.ubc.ca (Markus Tessmann)\nSubject: Re: Rumours about 3DO ???\nOrganization: Computer Science, University of B.C., Vancouver, B.C., Canada\nLines: 16\nNNTP-Posting-Host: larry.cs.ubc.ca\n\nstgprao@st.unocal.COM (Richard Ottolini) writes:\n\n>They need a hit software product to encourage software sales of the product,\n>i.e. the Pong, Pacman, VisiCalc, dBase, or Pagemaker of multi-media.\n>There are some multi-media and digital television products out there already,\n>albeit, not as capable as 3DO's.  But are there compelling reasons to buy\n>such yet?  Perhaps someone in this news group will write that hit software :-)\n\nI've just had the good fortune to be hired by Electronic Arts as Senior\nComputer Graphics Artist at the Vancouver, Canada office.  :^)\n\nThe timing has a lot to do with the 3DO which EA is putting a lot of resources\ninto.  I do not know of any titles to be developed as yet but will be happy to\npost as things develop.  I start there May 3.\n\n\tMarkus Tessmann\n",
  u'Subject: Need rgb data from saved images\nFrom: <JER114@psuvm.psu.edu>\nOrganization: Penn State University\nLines: 4\n\n  Could someone please help me find a program or figure out how to extract a li\nst of R G B values for each pixel in an image.  I can convert between tga and s\neveral other popular formats but I need the R G B values for use in a program I\n am writing.  Thanks for the help\n',
  u'From: nanderso@Endor.sim.es.com (Norman Anderson)\nSubject: COMET...when did/will she launch?\nOrganization: Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp.\nLines: 12\n\nCOMET (Commercial Experiment Transport) is to launch from Wallops Island\nVirginia and orbit Earth for about 30 days. It is scheduled to come down\nin the Utah Test & Training Range, west of Salt Lake City, Utah. I saw\na message in this group toward the end of March that it was to launch \non March 27. Does anyone know if it launched on that day, or if not, \nwhen it is scheduled to launch and/or when it will come down.\n\nI would also be interested in what kind(s) of payload(s) are onboard.\n\nThanks for your help.\n\nNorman Anderson          nanderso@endor.sim.es.com\n',
  u'From: kempmp@phoenix.oulu.fi (Petri Pihko)\nSubject: Re: Concerning God\'s Morality (long)\nOrganization: University of Oulu, Finland\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 215\n\nThis kind of argument cries for a comment...\n\njbrown@batman.bmd.trw.com wrote:\n: In article <1993Apr3.095220.24632@leland.Stanford.EDU>, galahad@leland.Stanford.EDU (Scott Compton) writes:\n\nJim, you originally wrote:\n \n: >>...God did not create\n: >>disease nor is He responsible for the maladies of newborns.\n: > \n: >>What God did create was life according to a protein code which is\n: >>mutable and can evolve.  Without delving into a deep discussion of\n: >>creationism vs evolutionism, God created the original genetic code\n: >>perfect and without flaw. \n: >  ~~~~~~~     ~~~~~~~ ~~~~\n\nDo you have any evidence for this? If the code was once perfect, and\nhas degraded ever since, we _should_ have some evidence in favour\nof this statement, shouldn\'t we?\n\nPerhaps the biggest "imperfection" of the code is that it is full\nof non-coding regions, introns, which are so called because they\nintervene with the coding regions (exons). An impressive amount of\nevidence suggests that introns are of very ancient origin; it is\nlikely that early exons represented early protein domains.\n\nIs the number of introns decreasing or increasing? It appears that\nintron loss can occur, and species with common ancestry usually\nhave quite similar exon-intron structure in their genes. \n\nOn the other hand, the possibility that introns have been inserted\nlater, presents several logical difficulties. Introns are removed\nby a splicing mechanism - this would have to be present, but unused,\nif introns are inserted. Moreover, intron insertion would have\nrequired _precise_ targeting - random insertion would not be tolerated,\nsince sequences for intron removal (self-splicing of mRNA) are\nconserved. Besides, transposition of a sequence usually leaves a\ntrace - long terminal repeats and target - site duplications, and\nthese are not found in or near intron sequences. \n\nI seriously recommend reading textbooks on molecular biology and\ngenetics before posting "theological arguments" like this. \nTry Watson\'s Molecular Biology of the Gene or Darnell, Lodish\n& Baltimore\'s Molecular Biology of the Cell for starters.\n\n: Remember, the question was posed in a theological context (Why does\n: God cause disease in newborns?), and my answer is likewise from a\n: theological perspective -- my own.  It is no less valid than a purely\n: scientific perspective, just different.\n\nScientific perspective is supported by the evidence, whereas \ntheological perspectives often fail to fulfil this criterion.\n \n: I think you misread my meaning.  I said God made the genetic code perfect,\n: but that doesn\'t mean it\'s perfect now.  It has certainly evolved since.\n\nFor the worse? Would you please cite a few references that support\nyour assertion? Your assertion is less valid than the scientific\nperspective, unless you support it by some evidence.\n\nIn fact, it has been claimed that parasites and diseases are perhaps\nmore important than we\'ve thought - for instance, sex might\nhave evolved as defence against parasites. (This view is supported by\ncomputer simulations of evolution, eg Tierra.) \n \n: Perhaps.  I thought it was higher energy rays like X-rays, gamma\n: rays, and cosmic rays that caused most of the damage.\n\nIn fact, it is thermal energy that does most of the damage, although\nit is usually mild and easily fixed by enzymatic action. \n\n: Actually, neither of us "knows" what the atmosphere was like at the\n: time when God created life.  According to my recollection, most\n: biologists do not claim that life began 4 billion years ago -- after\n: all, that would only be a half billion years or so after the earth\n: was created.  It would still be too primitive to support life.  I\n: seem to remember a figure more like 2.5 to 3 billion years ago for\n: the origination of life on earth.  Anyone with a better estimate?\n\nI\'d replace "created" with "formed", since there is no need to \ninvoke any creator if the Earth can be formed without one.\nMost recent estimates of the age of the Earth range between 4.6 - 4.8\nbillion years, and earliest signs of life (not true fossils, but\norganic, stromatolite-like layers) date back to 3.5 billion years.\nThis would leave more than billion years for the first cells to\nevolve.\n\nI\'m sorry I can\'t give any references, this is based on the course\non evolutionary biochemistry I attended here. \n\n: >>dominion, it was no great feat for Satan to genetically engineer\n: >>diseases, both bacterial/viral and genetic.  Although the forces of\n: >>natural selection tend to improve the survivability of species, the\n: >>degeneration of the genetic code tends to more than offset this.  \n\nAgain, do you _want_ this be true, or do you have any evidence for\nthis supposed "degeneration"? \n\nI can understand Scott\'s reaction:\n\n: > Excuse me, but this is so far-fetched that I know you must be\n: > jesting.  Do you know what pathogens are?  Do you know what \n: > Point Mutations are?  Do you know that EVERYTHING CAN COME\n: > ABOUT SPONTANEOUSLY?!!!!!  \n: \n: In response to your last statement, no, and neither do you.\n: You may very well believe that and accept it as fact, but you\n: cannot *know* that.\n\nI hope you don\'t forget this: We have _evidence_ that suggests \neverything can come about spontaneously. Do you have evidence against\nthis conclusion? In science, one does not have to _believe_ in \nanything. It is a healthy sign to doubt and disbelieve. But the \nright path to walk is to take a look at the evidence if you do so,\nand not to present one\'s own conclusions prior to this. \n\nTheology does not use this method. Therefore, I seriously doubt\nit could ever come to right conclusions.\n\n: >>Human DNA, being more "complex", tends to accumulate errors adversely\n: >>affecting our well-being and ability to fight off disease, while the \n: >>simpler DNA of bacteria and viruses tend to become more efficient in \n: >>causing infection and disease.  It is a bad combination.  Hence\n: >>we have newborns that suffer from genetic, viral, and bacterial\n: >>diseases/disorders.\n\nYou are supposing a purpose, not a valid move. Bacteria and viruses\ndo not exist to cause disease. They are just another manifests of\na general principle of evolution - only replication saves replicators\nfrom degradiation. We are just an efficient method for our DNA to \nsurvive and replicate. The less efficient methods didn\'t make it \nto the present. \n\nAnd for the last time.  Please present some evidence for your claim that\nhuman DNA is degrading through evolutionary processes. Some people have\nclaimed that the opposite is true - we have suppressed our selection,\nand thus are bound to degrade. I haven\'t seen much evidence for either\nclaim.\n \n: But then I ask, So?  Where is this relevant to my discussion in\n: answering John\'s question of why?  Why are there genetic diseases,\n: and why are there so many bacterial and viral diseases which require\n: babies to develop antibodies.  Is it God\'s fault? (the original\n: question) -- I say no, it is not.\n\nOf course, nothing "evil" is god\'s fault.  But your explanation does\nnot work, it fails miserably.\n \n: You may be right.  But the fact is that you don\'t know that\n: Satan is not responsible, and neither do I.\n: \n: Suppose that a powerful, evil being like Satan exists.  Would it\n: be inconceivable that he might be responsible for many of the ills\n: that affect mankind?  I don\'t think so.\n\nHe could have done a much better Job. (Pun intended.) The problem is,\nit seems no Satan is necessary to explain any diseases, they are\njust as inevitable as any product of evolution.\n\n: Did I say that?  Where?  Seems to me like another bad inference.\n: Actually what you\'ve done is to oversimplify what I said to the\n: point that your summary of my words takes on a new context.  I\n: never said that people are "meant" (presumably by God) "to be\n: punished by getting diseases".  Why I did say is that free moral\n: choices have attendent consequences.  If mankind chooses to reject\n: God, as people have done since the beginning, then they should not\n: expect God to protect them from adverse events in an entropic\n: universe.\n\nI am not expecting this. If god exists, I expect him to leave us alone.\nI would also like to hear why do you believe your choices are indeed\nfree. This is an interesting philosophical question, and the answer\nis not as clear-cut as it seems to be.\n\nWhat consequences would you expect from rejecting Allah?\n  \n: Oh, I admit it\'s not perfect (yet).  But I\'m working on it.  :)\n\nA good library or a bookstore is a good starting point.\n\n: What does this have to do with the price of tea in China, or the\n: question to which I provided an answer?  Biology and Genetics are\n: fine subjects and important scientific endeavors.  But they explain\n: *how* God created and set up life processes.  They don\'t explain\n: the why behind creation, life, or its subsequent evolution.\n\nWhy is there a "why behind"? And your proposition was something\nthat is not supported by the evidence. This is why we recommend\nthese books.\n\nIs there any need to invoke any why behind, a prime mover? Evidence\nfor this? If the whole universe can come into existence without\nany intervention, as recent cosmological theories (Hawking et al)\nsuggest, why do people still insist on this?\n \n: Thanks Scotty, for your fine and sagely advice.  But I am\n: not highly motivated to learn all the nitty-gritty details\n: of biology and genetics, although I\'m sure I\'d find it a\n: fascinating subject.  For I realize that the details do\n: not change the Big Picture, that God created life in the\n: beginning with the ability to change and adapt to its\n: environment.\n\nI\'m sorry, but they do. There is no evidence for your big picture,\nand no need to create anything that is capable of adaptation.\nIt can come into existence without a Supreme Being.\n\nTry reading P.W. Atkins\' Creation Revisited (Freeman, 1992).\n\nPetri\n--\n ___. .\'*\'\'.*        Petri Pihko    kem-pmp@          Mathematics is the Truth.\n!___.\'* \'.\'*\' \' .    Pihatie 15 C    finou.oulu.fi    Physics is the Rule of\n       \' *\' .* \'*    SF-90650 OULU  kempmp@           the Game.\n          *\'  *  .*  FINLAND         phoenix.oulu.fi  -> Chemistry is The Game.\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Alaska Pipeline and Space Station!\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 25\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.160550.7592@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:\n|\n|I think this would be a great way to build it, but unfortunately\n|current spending rules don't permit it to be workable.  For this to\n|work it would be necessary for the government to guarantee a certain\n|minimum amount of business in order to sufficiently reduce the risk\n|enough to make this attractive to a private firm.  Since they\n|generally can't allocate money except one year at a time, the\n|government can't provide such a tenant guarantee.\n\n\nFred.\n\n\tTry reading a bit.  THe government does lots of multi year\ncontracts with Penalty for cancellation clauses.  They just like to be\ndamn sure they know what they are doing before they sign a multi year\ncontract.   THe reason they aren't cutting defense spending as much\nas they would like is the Reagan administration signed enough\nMulti year contracts,  that it's now cheaper to just finish them out.\n\nLook at SSF.  THis years funding is 2.2 Billion,  1.8 of which will\ncover penalty clauses, due to the re-design.\n\npat\n\n",
  u'From: jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu (James Thomas Green)\nSubject: Re: Keeping Spacecraft on after Funding Cuts.\nArticle-I.D.: zeus.1993Apr22.003719.101323\nOrganization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo\nLines: 32\n\nprb@access.digex.com (Pat) Pontificated: \n>\n>\n>Some birds require constant management for survival.  Pointing a sensor at\n>the sun, even when powered down, may burn it out.  Pointing a\n>parabolic antenna  at Sol,  from venus orbit  may trash the\n>foci  elements.\n>\nWhat I was getting at in my post is whether or not it might be\npossible to put enough brains on board future deep-space probes\nfor them to automatically avoid such things as looking at the\nsun or going into an uncontrolled tumble.  \n\nI heard once that the voyagers had a failsafe routine built in\nthat essentially says "If you never hear from Earth again,\nhere\'s what to do."  This was a back up in the event a receiver\nburnt out but the probe could still send data (limited, but\nstill some data).  \n\n>Even if you let teh bird drift,  it may  get hosed by some\n>cosmic phenomena.   \n>\nSince this would be a shutdown that may never be refunded for\nstartup, if some type of cosmic BEM took out the probe, it might\nnot be such a big loss.  Obviously you can\'t plan for\neverything, but the most obvious things can be considered.\n\n\n/~~~(-: James T. Green :-)~~~~(-: jgreen@oboe.calpoly.edu :-)~~~\\ \n| "I know you believe you understand what it is that you        |   \n| think I said.  But I am not sure that you realize that        |\n| what I said is not what I meant."                             |\n',
  u'From: jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins)\nSubject: Re: Revival of San Marco? (was Re: Commercial Space News #22)\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 32\n\nhiggins@fnalf.fnal.gov (Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey) writes:\n\n>In article <324417a1@ofa123.fidonet.org>, Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org writes:\n>> COMMERCIAL SPACE NEWS/SPACE TECHNOLOGY INVESTOR NUMBER 22\n>[...]\n>>    Other commercial launch site ventures -- including those at \n>> Woomera, Poker Flat, Cape York, White Sands, Alabama Off-Shore \n>> Platform, Hawaii, and Vandenberg have to also be judged against \n>> these criteria.  In my opinion, some of these ventures are flying \n>> on hope and speculation, and not on sound financial grounds.]\n\n>This reminds me... my fuzzy brain recalls that somebody was thinking\n>of reviving the San Marco launch platform off the coast of Kenya,\n>where the Copernicus satellite was launched around 1972.  Is this\n>true, or am I imagining it?  Possibly it\'s connected with one of the\n>Italian programs to revive the Scout in a new version.\n\n>That old platform must be getting pretty rusty, and there ain\'t a lot\n>of infrastructure to go with it...\n\nMy information shows that the last San Marco launch was 1988.  There seem to \nhave been a total of seven before that.  I seem to recall that someone, either\nASI or the University of Rome (?) includes money in their annual budget for\nmaintainance of the platforms (there are actually two).\n\nThe Italians have been spending money to develop an advanced Scout.  However,\nrecent events in the Italian space program, and the Italian government overall\nmake me skeptical that this will get off the ground in the near future.\n-- \nJosh Hopkins                                          jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu\n\t\t    "Find a way or make one."\n\t             -attributed to Hannibal\n',
  u'From: brian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, Tucson AZ.\nLines: 110\n\nJesus:\n\n>     "This is the verdict:  Light has come into the world, but\n>     men loved darkness instead of light because their deeds\n>     are evil.  Everyone who does evil hates the light, and will\n>     not come into the light for fear that his deeds will be \n>     exposed."\n\nKent Sandvik says:\n\n>It seems we are dealing with a black-and-white interpretation.\n>Brian, are you subtly accusing me of evil things because I never\n>saw the light? However, this is even more confusing because\n>I even admit that I don\'t like the situation where I\'m not \n>informed.\n\nBlack and white.  A spade is a spade.  There is no hidden\nagenda behind this, so stop trying to look for one.   It is an\neasy and as straight forward as it reads.\n\nKent, I am not accusing you of evil things.  Jesus is accusing you.\nAnd it is not only you that He is accusing.  He is accusing everyone.\nMe, you and everyone in the world is guilty.  Whether one\nsees the light or does not seen the light has nothing to do with \nwhether we do evil things.  We do them regardless.  \n\nJesus uses the word "men".  I am included.  Jesus is not soloing you out.\nJesus is making a general statement about out the sad state of man.\nChristians are not immuned from doing evil things.  A Christian \nis just a person in whom the Holy Spirit indwells.  A Christian \ncan see the evil he is doing--because his evil has been brought\nout into the light.  Jesus is not saying that just because evil has been\nexposed, that the Christian will stop doing evil.  If you haven\'t\nseen Jesus\'s light, your evil deeds simply haven\'t been\nexposed to the His light.  You may shed some light on your\nown.  Your human spirit shines at perhaps 1 candela.  But the\nHoly Spirit shines at a Megacandela.  The Holy Spirit can\nshine light into places inside us where we didn\'t even know\nexisted. \n\nSo do you see Jesus\'s point?  Christians are not perfect.  Nonchristians\nare not perfect.  Nonchristians do not want to come into the\nLight of Jesus because they will see all the problems in their lives,\nand they will not like the sight.  It is an ugly thing to see how far\nwe have fallen from Jesus\'s perspective.  Do you think you want to\nknow how really ignorant you are?  Do you think Brian Kendig wants\nto know?  Do you think I want to know?  Ego verses the truth,\nwhich do you choose?\n\n>I\'m watching the news about a man who saw the light, and made\n>sure that the 19 children burned to death as part of his insight\n>into the light. I don\'t think the world is that simple. And if \n>you act in such ways when you are enlighted, then I\'m a happy\n>man and I pray I will never receive such \'light\'.\n\nAnd I watched Koresh too, an imposter who thought he saw the light, \nwho made sure that the 19 children burned to death, sadly, as part\nof his delusion.  It is even sadder that the people who\ndied with him chose to die with them, and that ignorance was\ntheir downfall to death. \n\nAnd Kent, don\'t you bury yourself underneath a rock with an\nexcuse like bringing up Koresh--as if Koresh actually had truth in him.\nDavid Koresh was no light and no excuse for\nyou to stay away from the real Jesus Christ.  David Koresh, who\nclaimed to be Jesus, was a fraud.  It was obvious.  David Koresh\nwas born in America. Jesus was born in Bethlehem.  Koresh wasn\'t\neven a good imposter having missed an obvious point as that.\n\nJesus warned of such imposters in the end-times.  David\nKoresh wasn\'t anything new to Jesus.  Jesus told us to be\naware of imposters 2000 years ago.  \n\nSo the next time an imposter makes a scene and claims to\nbe Jesus.  Ask the obvious.  Where were you born?  Was your\nmother\'s name Mary?  If the Branch Davidians asked that\nsimple question, they would have labeled Koresh a liar\nright from the start.  The wouldn\'t have followed Koresh.\nThey wouldn\'t have died.  But look what happened.  Their\nignorance cost them their lives.  Their choice to be ignorant\ncost them a lot.\n\nKent, since you studied the Bible under Lutheranism, do you\nnot remember what tactic Satan used to try to tempt Jesus?  \nDid not Satan quote the Bible out of context?  Do you\nremember what tactic the serpent of Genesis used to tempt\nEve?  Did he not misquote God?  What Satan used on Eve and succeeded, \nwas the same ploy he tried on Jesus.  But in Jesus\'s case,\nJesus rebuked Satan back with the Bible _in_ context.  It\ndidn\'t work with Jesus.  \n\nDoes what Satan did to Eve in the Garden and what Satan\ntried to do with Jesus in the desert remind you of what\nKoresh did to his followers?  Who did Koresh emulate?\nWho was Koresh\'s teacher?  Koresh did to his followers what\nSatan did to Eve.  Did not Koresh kill his followersr?  Did\nnot Satan cause Adam and Eve to die as well?  Did not\nthe cult followers believe Koresh even though they knew\nthe real Christ was born in Bethlehem?   Did not Eve\nchoose to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and\nevil despite knowing that it would cause her death?  God\nheld them all responsible--deceiver and the rebeller.  None \nof them had an excuse.  \n\nAs opposed to the Branch Davidians, we have a second chance.\nFollow Jesus and he will escort us to the path of eternal life.\nDon\'t follow Jesus, and you stand condemned already, for like\nthe Branch Davidian complex, your house is already on fire.\nSatan, Adam and Eve have already set it ablaze.   It is just\na slow burn, but it is burning nevertheless.\n',
  u'From: aad@scr.siemens.com (Anthony A. Datri)\nSubject: Re: Nice gif code\nNntp-Posting-Host: lovecraft.siemens.com\nOrganization: Siemens Weyland-Yutani\nLines: 7\n\n>There is a thing called xgif\n\nxgif is the grandfather of XV.\n\n-- \n\n======================================================================8--<\n',
  u'From: apryan@vax1.tcd.ie\nSubject: Cosmos 2238\nLines: 11\nNntp-Posting-Host: vax1.tcd.ie\nOrganization: Trinity College Dublin\nLines: 11\n\nI need as much information about Cosmos 2238 and its rocket fragment (1993-\n018B) as possible. Both its purpose, launch date, location, in short,\nEVERYTHING! Can you help?\n\n-Tony Ryan, "Astronomy & Space", new International magazine, available from:\n              Astronomy Ireland, P.O.Box 2888, Dublin 1, Ireland.\n6 issues (one year sub.): UK 10.00 pounds, US$20 surface (add US$8 airmail).\nACCESS/VISA/MASTERCARD accepted (give number, expiration date, name&address).\n\n   (WORLD\'S LARGEST ASTRO. SOC. per capita - unless you know better? 0.033%)\nTel: 0891-88-1950 (UK/N.Ireland) 1550-111-442 (Eire). Cost up to 48p per min\n',
  u"From: pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\n\t<1r1ma9INNno7@owl.csrv.uidaho.edu> \n\t<1993Apr21.182606.6798@ra.royalroads.ca>\nOrganization: The Duck Pond public unix: +1 408 249 9630, log in as 'guest'.\nLines: 26\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.182606.6798@ra.royalroads.ca> \nmlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee) writes:\n>The only point I'm trying to make is that those who call themselves Christian\n>may not be Christian.\n\nWOW! Are you serious! So not everyone who calls themself a Christian is\na Christian? WOW! That does make things a bit more complicated doesn't it?\n\n>I ask that you draw your own conclusions by what they do and what they say.\n\nThat seems like very good advice, given the above revelation.\n\n>If they are not modelled after the example of Jesus\n>Christ then they are NOT Christian.\n\nLike for example Matthew 5:14-19 right?\n\n>If they have not repented of their sins\n>and accepted Jesus Christ as their personal Lord and Saviour then they are \n>NOT Christian.\n\nUm, where did Jesus say that he wanted people to worship him?\n\n>These are the only criteria to being a Christian.\n\nSo, do you adhere to the Ten Commandments?\n",
  u'From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: [soc.motss, et al.] "Princeton axes matching funds for Boy Scouts"\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 162\n\nC.Wainwright (eczcaw@mips.nott.ac.uk) wrote:\n: I\n: |> Jim,\n: |> \n: |> I always thought that homophobe was only a word used at Act UP\n: |> rallies, I didn\'t beleive real people used it. Let\'s see if we agree\n: |> on the term\'s definition. A homophobe is one who actively and\n: |> militantly attacks homosexuals because he is actually a latent\n: |> homosexual who uses his hostility to conceal his true orientation.\n: |> Since everyone who disapproves of or condemns homosexuality is a\n: |> homophobe (your implication is clear), it must necessarily follow that\n: |> all men are latent homosexuals or bisexual at the very least.\n: |> \n: \n: Crap crap crap crap crap.  A definition of any type of \'phobe comes from\n: phobia = an irrational fear of.  Hence a homophobe (not only in ACT UP meetings,\n: the word is apparently in general use now.  Or perhaps it isn\'t in the bible?  \n: Wouldst thou prefer if I were to communicate with thou in bilespeak?)\n: \n: Does an arachnophobe have an irrational fear of being a spider?  Does an\n: agoraphobe have an irrational fear of being a wide open space?  Do you\n: understand English?\n: \n: Obviously someone who has  phobia will react to it.  They will do their best\n: to avoid it and if that is not possible they will either strike out or\n: run away.  Or do gaybashings occur because of natural processes?  People\n: who definately have homophobia will either run away from gay people or\n: cause them (or themselves) violence.\n: \n\nIsn\'t that what I said ...\nWhat are you taking issue with here, your remarks are merely\nparenthetical to mine and add nothing useful.\n\n: [...]\n: \n: |> It would seem odd if homosexuality had any evolutionary function\n: |> (other than limiting population growth) since evolution only occurs\n: |> when the members of one generation pass along their traits to\n: |> subsequent generations. Homosexuality is an evolutionary deadend. If I\n: |> take your usage of the term, homophobe, in the sense you seem to\n: |> intend, then all men are really homosexual and evolution of our\n: |> species at least, is going nowhere.\n: |> \n: \n: So *every* time a man has sex with a woman they intend to produce children?\n: Hmm...no wonder the world is overpopulated.  Obviously you keep to the\n: Monty Python song:  "Every sperm is sacred".  And if, as *you* say, it has\n: a purpose as a means to limit population growth then it is, by your own \n: arguement, natural.\n\nConsider the context, I\'m talking about an evolutionary function. One\nof the most basic requirements of evolution is that members of a\nspecies procreate, those who don\'t have no purpose in that context.\n\n: \n: |> Another point is that if the offspring of each generation is to\n: |> survive, the participation of both parents is necessary - a family must\n: |> exist, since homosexuals do not reproduce, they cannot constitute a\n: |> family. Since the majority of humankind is part of a family,\n: |> homosexuality is an evolutionary abberation, contrary to nature if you\n: |> will.\n: |> \n: \n: Well if that is true, by your own arguements homosexuals would have \n: vanished *years* ago due to non-procreation.  Also the parent from single\n: parent families should put the babies out in the cold now, cos they must,\n: by your arguement, die.\n\nBy your argument, homosexuality is genetically determined. As to your\nsecond point, you prove again that you have no idea what context\nmeans. I am talking about evolution, the preservation of the species,\nthe fundamental premise of the whole process.\n: \n: |> But it gets worse. Since the overwhelming majority of people actually\n: |> -prefer- a heterosexual relationship, homosexuality is a social\n: |> abberation as well. The homosexual eschews the biological imperative\n: |> to reproduce and then the social imperative to form and participate in\n: |> the most fundamental social element, the family. But wait, there\'s\n: |> more.\n: |> \n: \n: Read the above.  I expect you to have at least ten children by now, with\n: the family growing.  These days sex is less to do with procreation (admittedly\n: without it there would be no-one) but more to do with pleasure.  In pre-pill\n: and pre-condom days, if you had sex there was the chance of producing children.\n: These days is just ain\'t true!  People can decide whether or not to have \n: children and when.  Soon they will be able to choose it\'s sex &c (but that\'s \n: another arguement...) so it\'s more of a "lifestyle" decision.  Again by\n: your arguement, since homosexuals can not (or choose not) to reproduce they must\n: be akin to people who decide to have sex but not children.  Both are \n: as "unnatural" as each other.\n\nYet another non-sequitur. Sex is an evolutionary function that exists\nfor procreation, that it is also recreation is incidental. That\nhomosexuals don\'t procreate means that sex is -only- recreation and\nnothing more; they serve no -evolutionary- purpose.\n\n: \n: |> Since homosexuals have come out the closet and have convinced some\n: |> policy makers that they have civil rights, they are now claiming that\n: |> their sexuality is a preference, a life-style, an orientation, a\n: |> choice that should be protected by law. Now if homosexuality is a mere\n: |> choice and if it is both contrary to nature and anti-social, then it\n: |> is a perverse choice; they have even less credibility than before they\n: |> became prominent. \n: |> \n: \n: People are people are people.  Who are you to tell anyone else how to live\n: their life?  Are you god(tm)?  If so, fancy a date?\n\nHere\'s pretty obvious dodge, do you really think you\'ve said anything\nor do you just feel obligated to respond to every statement? I am not\ntelling anyone anything, I am demonstrating that there are arguments\nagainst the practice of homosexuality (providing it\'s a merely an\nalternate lifestlye) that are not homophobic, that one can reasonably\ncall it perverse in a context even a atheist can understand. I realize\nof course that this comes dangerously close to establishing  a value,\nand that atheists are compelled to object on that basis, but if you\nare to be consistent, you have no case in this regard.\n: \n: |> To characterize any opposition to homosexuality as homophobic is to\n: |> ignore some very compelling arguments against the legitimization of\n: |> the homosexual "life-style". But since the charge is only intended to\n: |> intimidate, it\'s really just demogoguery and not to be taken\n: |> seriously. Fact is, Jim, there are far more persuasive arguments for\n: |> suppressing homosexuality than those given, but consider this a start.\n: |> \n: \n: Again crap.  All your arguments are based on outdated ideals.  Likewise the\n: bible.  Would any honest Christian condemn the ten generations spawned by\n: a "bastard" to eternal damnation?  Or someone who crushes his penis (either\n: accidently or not..!).  Both are in Deuteronomy.\n\nI\'m sure your comment pertains to something, but you\'ve disguised it\nso well I can\'t see what. Where did I mention ideals, out-dated or\notherwise? Your arguments are very reactionary; do you have anything\nat all to contribute?\n\n: \n: |> As to why homosexuals should be excluded from participation in\n: |> scouting, the reasons are the same as those used to restrict them from\n: |> teaching; by their own logic, homosexuals are deviates, social and\n: |> biological. Since any adult is a role model for a child, it is\n: |> incumbent on the parent to ensure that the child be isolated from\n: |> those who would do the child harm. In this case, harm means primarily\n: |> social, though that could be extended easily enough.\n: |> \n: |> \n: \n: You show me *anyone* who has sex in a way that everyone would describe as\n: normal, and will take of my hat (Puma baseball cap) to you.  "One man\'s meat\n: is another man\'s poison"!\n: \n\nWhat has this got to do with anything? Would you pick a single point\nthat you find offensive and explain your objections, I would really\nlike to believe that you can discuss this issue intelligibly.\n\nBill\n\n\n',
  u'From: claice@rintintin.Colorado.EDU (Farmer Ted)\nSubject: Re: Space Debris\nNntp-Posting-Host: rintintin.colorado.edu\nOrganization: University of Colorado, Boulder\nLines: 14\n\n> There is this buy at NASA Langley...\n\n\n\n\nYES! Give me his name I would greatly appreciate it.\n\n\n\nRich\n\n"The Earth is a cradle of the mind.  But, we cannot live forever in a cradle"\n                         K.E. Tsiolkovski \n\t\t\t Father of Russian Astronautics\n',
  u'From: "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com>\nSubject: Re: Suggestion for "resources" FAQ\nIn-Reply-To: <C5qKDy.40D@liverpool.ac.uk>\nNntp-Posting-Host: 127.0.0.1\nOrganization: Kupajava, East of Krakatoa\nX-Mailer: PSILink-DOS (3.3)\nLines: 34\n\n>DATE:   Mon, 19 Apr 1993 15:01:10 GMT\n>FROM:   Bruce Stephens <bruce@liverpool.ac.uk>\n>\n>I think a good book summarizing and comparing religions would be good.\n>\n>I confess I don\'t know of any---indeed that\'s why I checked the FAQ to see\n>if it had one---but I\'m sure some alert reader does.\n>\n>I think the list of books suffers far too much from being Christian based;\n>I agree that most of the traffic is of this nature (although a few Islamic\n>references might be good) but I still think an overview would be nice.\n\nOne book I have which presents a fairly unbiased account of many religions\nis called _Man\'s Religions_ by John B. Noss.  It was a textbook in a class\nI had on comparative religion or some such thing.  It has some decent\nbibliographies on each chapter as a jumping off point for further reading.\n\nIt doesn\'t "compare" religions directly but describes each one individually\nand notes a few similarities.  But nothing I have read in it could be even\nremotely described as preachy or Christian based.  In fact, Christianity\nmercifully consumes only 90 or so of its nearly 600 pages.  The book is\ndivided according to major regions of the world where the biggies began \n(India, East Asia, Near East).  There is nothing about New World religions\nfrom the Aztecs, Mayas, Incas, etc.  Just the stuff people kill each\nother over nowadays.  And a few of the older religions snuffed out along\nthe way.  \n\nIf you like the old stuff, then a couple of books called "The Ancient Near\nEast" by James B. Pritchard are pretty cool.  Got the Epic of Gilgamesh,\nCode of Hammurabi, all the stuff from way back when men were gods and gods\nwere men.  Essential reading for anyone who wishes to make up their own\nreligion and make it sound real good.\n\n\n',
  u'From: Thyagi@cup.portal.com (Thyagi Morgoth NagaSiva)\nSubject: Re: Ceci\'s "rosicrucian" adventure :-)\nOrganization: The Portal System (TM)\nDistribution: world\nLines: 112\n\n930425\n\nTony Alicia writes:\n\nLet\'s start with the name "Rosicrucian". I took me a long time to come\nto the conclusion that there is a difference between a *member* of a\n"rosicrucian" body and BEING *a* ROSICRUCIAN. So when you say that you met\nsome \'rosicrucians\' you mean "members of a group that calls themselves\nrosicrucian". At least that is what your observation suggests :-)\n\n\nResponse:\n\nThis makes much sense to me.  This is also true of most religions.\nThere is a difference between being a *member* of a group of people\nwho call themselves \'Hindus\' or \'Christians\' or \'Pagans\' and actually\n*BEING* any of these.  The social groups tend to make very important\nrequirements about not belonging to other \'religions\'.  I find that\nthe ideal described by the holy texts of most religions can be\ninterpreted in very similar ways so that one could presume that\n\'mysticism\' is the core of every religion and Huxley\'s \'Perennial\nPhilosophy\' is the Great Secret Core of all mystical trads. :>\n\n\nTony:\n\nI\'d prefer if you would have stated up front that it was the Lectorium\nRosicrucianum, only because they may be confused, by some readers of this\nnewsgroup, with the Rosicrucian Order AMORC based (the USA Jurisdiction) in\nSan Jose, CA; this being the RC org with the most members (last time I\nlooked). Of course, "most members" does not *necessarily* mean "best".\n\n\nResponse:\n\nCertainly true.  I didn\'t know there WERE any groups which called themselves\n\'Rosicrucians\' that didn\'t associate with AMORC.  Sure, I\'ve heard all the\nhubbub about the Golden Dawn and Rosae Crucis in relation to all these\nWestern esoteric groups, but hadn\'t heard about other \'Rosicrucians\'.\nI\'ll admit my bias.  I live in San Jose. :>\n\n\nTony:\n\n"You\'ll have to trust me" when I tell you that if that\nlecture/class/whatever had been presented by AMORC, it is unlikely that you\nwould have had the same impression, i.e., you\'d probably have had a\npositive impression more likely than a negative one, IMHO. \n\n\nResponse:\n\nThis may be slightly off.  I\'ve met some of these Rosicrucians and have\na couple friends in AMORC.  The stories I\'ve heard and the slight contact\nI\'ve had with them does not give me the hope that I\'d be received with\nany kind of warm welcome.  I still like to think that most people who\nare involved with stratified relationships (monogamy, religion, etc.)\nare in DEEP pain and hope to heal it within such a \'cast\'.\n\n\nTony:\n\n     \nIt is curious to know that 3 other RC \'orders\' (in the USA) claim to be *non-\nsectarian*.\n\n\nResponse:\n\nI\'d like to know at least the addresses of the \'other orders\' which call \nthemselves \'Rosicrucians\' and especially those which are \'nonsectarian\'.\nIs this \'nonsectarian\' like the Masons, who require that a member \'believe\nin God by his/her definition\'?\n\n     \n     \nTony:\n\nI don\'t see nothing *fundamentally* wrong with "us containing\nsomething divine"... And yes I don\'t like phrases like "eternal bliss"\neither! :-)\n\n\nResponse:\n\nLet alone us *BEING* something divine. ;>\n\n\nTony:\n\nBTW, I have read the intro letters of the LRC which they will mail you free\nof charge.\n\n\nResponse:\n\nAddresses, phone numbers of groups?  I\'m into networking.  Thanks.\n\n\n    |                                                      WILL\n  \\ | /                                                    LOVE\n  \\\\|//    !!          !! \n__\\\\|//__    \\{}}}{{{}/\n____|___________|@@|      "Imagination is more important than knowledge."\n                |  |                                   - Albert Einstein\nThyagi         /    \\ \nNagaSiva      |(*)(*)|     Thyagi@HouseofKAos.Abyss.com\n              \\^^^^^^/            House of KAoS\n               -^^^^-             871 Ironwood Dr.\n                 ~~               San Jose, CA 95125-2815\n\'Fr.Nigris\' on Divination Web\n                Telnet seismo.soar.cs.cmu.edu 9393\n',
  u"Organization: Queen's University at Kingston\nFrom: Graydon <SAUNDRSG@QUCDN.QueensU.CA>\nSubject: Re: What if the USSR had reached the Moon first?\n <dxb105.734155421@aries> <1993Apr7.124724.22534@yang.earlham.edu>\n <dxb105.734495289@virgo> <1993Apr12.161742.22647@yang.earlham.edu>\nLines: 9\n\nThis is turning into 'what's a moonbase good for', and I ought\nnot to post when I've a hundred some odd posts to go, but I would\nthink that the real reason to have a moon base is economic.\n\nSince someone with space industry will presumeably have a much\nlarger GNP than they would _without_ space industry, eventually,\nthey will simply be able to afford more stuff.\n\nGraydon\n",
  u'From: wallacen@CS.ColoState.EDU (nathan wallace)\nSubject: ORION test film\nReply-To: wallacen@CS.ColoState.EDU\nNntp-Posting-Host: sor.cs.colostate.edu\nOrganization: Colorado State University -=- Computer Science Dept.\nLines: 11\n\nIs the film from the "putt-putt" test vehicle which used conventional\nexplosives as a proof-of-concept test, or another one?\n\n---\nC/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/\nC/    Nathan F. Wallace                   C/C/           "Reality Is"         C/\nC/    e-mail: wallacen@cs.colostate.edu   C/C/    ancient Alphaean proverb    C/\nC/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/\n \n\n\n',
  u'From: christen@astro.ocis.temple.edu (Carl Christensen)\nSubject: Re: Cults Vs. Religions?\nOrganization: Temple University\nLines: 22\nNntp-Posting-Host: astro.ocis.temple.edu\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\n\nBill Ray (ray@engr.LaTech.edu) wrote:\n: James Thomas Green (jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu) wrote:\n: : So in conclusion it can be shown that there is essentially no\n: : logical argument which clearly differentiates a "cult" from a\n: : "religion".  I challenge anyone to produce a distinction which\n: : is clear and can\'t be easily knocked down.  \n\n: How about this one: a religion is a cult which has stood the test\n: of time.\n\nJust like history is written by the `winners\' and not the `losers.\'\nFrom what I\'ve seen of religions, a religion is just a cult that\nwas so vile and corrupt it was able to exert it\'s doctrine using\npolitical and military measures.  Perhaps if Koresh withstood the\nonslaught for another couple of months he would have started \nattracting more converts due to his `strength,\' hence becoming a\nfull religion and not just a cult.\n\n--\nCarl Christensen                /~~\\_/~\\        ,,,  Dept. of Computer Science\nchristen@astro.ocis.temple.edu |  #=#==========#   | Temple University        \n"Curiouser and curiouser!" - LC \\__/~\\_/        ```  Philadelphia, PA  USA   \n',
  u"From: rob@rjck.uucp (Robert J.C. Kyanko)\nSubject: Help with World-to-screen 4x4 transfomation matrix\nOrganization: Neptune Software Inc -- Orlando, FL\nLines: 12\n\nI need help in creating my 4x4 perspective matrix.  I'd like to use this for\ntransforming x, y, z, w in some texture mapping code I got from Graphics Gems\nI.  I have many books which talk about this, but none of them in simple plain\nenglish.  If you have Graphics Gems I, I'm talking about page 678.\n\nI'd like to have a perspective matrix that handles different field-of-views\nand aspect of course.  Thank's for your help.\n\n-- \nYes, of course everything I say is my personal opinion!\n\n      Robert J.C. Kyanko     (rob@rjck.oau.org or rob@rjck.UUCP)\n",
  u'From: games@max.u.washington.edu\nSubject: Aerospace companies cooperate in reusable vehicle market.\nArticle-I.D.: max.1993Apr6.121843.1\nDistribution: world\nLines: 34\nNNTP-Posting-Host: max.u.washington.edu\n\nWhat would all of you out there in net land think of the big 6 (Martin\nMariatta, Boeing, Mcdonell Douglas, General Dynamics, Lockheed, Rockwell)\ngetting together, and forming a consortium to study exactly what the market\nprice pints are for building reusable launch vehicles, and spending say\n$3million to do that.  Recognizing that most of the military requirements\nfor launch vehicles are pulled out of a hat somewhere (say, has the shuttle \never really used that 1200mi crossrange capability?  You get the idea, figure\nout how many, how often, where to, etc...)\n\nThen taking this data, and forming a sematech type company (bad example, I\nknow... but at least its an example...)  To develop between 3 and 5 craft\ndesigns.  Then to take all of those designs, and figure out EXACTLY what\nthe technologies are, and demonstrate those technologies, in order to \neliminate designs that can\'t be built today.  And lets say that this\nportion again funded by the GOV cost about $20 million.\n\nAnd from here all of these companies went their separate ways, with the\nintention of taking all of the market data and the design data to wall\nstreet, and saying "I want to build this vehicle, and here are the numbers\nthat show %20 ROI, fund me...)\n\n\nNow many of you think that this is a joke, but I have it on good authority that\njust this project is shaping up in the background. It seems that the aerospace\ncompanies have learned that everyone yelling similar but different things\nends up in many programs that do nothing much and get canceled (NASP, NLS,\nALS, DCY?, etc...)  They need to work more in the japaneese, and european\nspirit of initial cooperation.  They have also learned that design requirements\nthat are phony (I.E. some generals idea of what a space vehicle ought to be)\nends up getting chopped up in congress, because it is not a REAL requirement.\n\nAny feedback?\n\n\t\t\tJohn.\n',
  u"From: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney)\nSubject: Re: How many read sci.space?\nArticle-I.D.: mojo.1qkmkiINNep3\nReply-To: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu\nOrganization: Computer Aided Design Lab, U. of Maryland College Park\nLines: 15\nNNTP-Posting-Host: queen.eng.umd.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.204210.26022@mksol.dseg.ti.com>, pyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com (Dillon Pyron) writes:\n>\n>There are actually only two of us.  I do Henry, Fred, Tommy and Mary.  Oh yeah,\n>this isn't my real name, I'm a bald headed space baby.\n\nDamn!  So it was YOU who was drinking beer with ROBERT McELWANE in the PARKING\nLOT of the K-MART!\n\n\t\t\t\tUNLIMITED INSEMINATION OF THIS MESSAGE\n\t\t\t\t\tRIGIDLY REFUSED\n\n\n\n    Software engineering? That's like military intelligence, isn't it?\n  -- >                  SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU                        < --\n",
  u'From: tony2@prefect.cc.bellcore.com (gozdz,antoni s)\nSubject: Re: Space Marketing -- Boycott\nOrganization: Bellcore, Livingston, NJ\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <C74rAn.4qA@ucdavis.edu> ez012344@hamlet.ucdavis.edu (Dan Herrin) writes:\n>\n>[Space ad proposed]\n>\n>This is undoubtedly the sickest thing to come down the marketing pipe\n>in years, and the best reason for resurrecting the "Star Wars" killer\n>satellite system.\n>\n>Dan\n>\n\nWhy don\'t you activist guys cut misc.invest out of this thread?\nThey didn\'t offer any shares for sale yet...\n\nTony\ntony2@cc.bellcore.com\n',
  u'From: Nanci Ann Miller <nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu>\nSubject: Re: It\'s all Mary\'s fault!\nOrganization: Sponsored account, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA\nLines: 28\n\t<C5KEqu.4xo@portal.hq.videocart.com>\nNNTP-Posting-Host: po5.andrew.cmu.edu\nIn-Reply-To: <C5KEqu.4xo@portal.hq.videocart.com>\n\ndfuller@portal.hq.videocart.com (Dave Fuller) writes:\n>   Nice attempt Chris . . . verrry close.\n> \n>   You missed the conspiracy by 1 step. Joseph knew who knocked her up.\n> He couldn\'t let it be known that somebody ELSE got ol\' Mary prego. That\n> wouldn\'t do well for his popularity in the local circles. So what \n> happened is that she was feeling guilty, he was feeling embarrassed, and\n> THEY decided to improve both of their images on what could have otherwise\n> been the downfall for both. Clever indeed. Come to think of it . . . I\n> have gained a new respect for the couple. Maybe Joseph and Mary should\n> receive all of the praise being paid to jesus.\n\nLucky for them that the baby didn\'t have any obvious deformities!  I could\njust see it now: Mary gets pregnant out of wedlock so to save face she and\nJoseph say that it was God that got her pregnant and then the baby turns\nout to be deformed, or even worse, stillborn!  They\'d have a lot of\nexplaining to do.... :-)\n\n> Dave "Buckminster" Fuller\n> How is that one \'o keeper of the nicknames ?\n\nNanci\n.........................................................................\nIf you know (and are SURE of) the author of this quote, please send me\nemail (nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu):\nLife does not cease to be funny when people die, any more than it ceases to\nbe serious when people laugh.\n\n',
  u'From: royc@rbdc.wsnc.org (Roy Crabtree)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nOrganization: Red Barn Data Center\nLines: 49\n\nIn article <C5tByD.6zD@dscomsa.desy.de> hallam@zeus02.desy.de writes:\n...\n>Hang on you missed the point entirely, they are protesting the lack of\n>water because it DEPRIVED Koresh of his CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT to prove\n>his DIVINITY by WALKING on it.\n\n\tYou can tell, folks, when the man has run out of reason:\n\tattack the man\'s beliefs (in legal terminology, argument\n\tad hominem:  attack the man, not what he did that has yet to\n\tbe proven illegal)>\n\n>\n>\n>|>>and the FBI/ATF go blasting holes into the builing and firing gas munitions.\n>|>\n>|>They used a tank to knock a hole in the wall, and they released\n>|>non-toxic, non-flammable tear gas into the building.\n>\n>You can tell that the gas did not burn because dispite the fact that\n\n\n\tWRONGo.  Remember the fire movie a couple of years ago?\n\t"Backdraft"?  The scene in the factory with propane gas\n\tcoming out of pipes and gasoline all over the floor,\n\twith a 750 degree flame front overhead?\n\n\t\tNote that it did not flash all at once?\n\n\tFires ignite and burn unpredictably.\n\tGases (like tear gas) mix and distribute unevenly.\n\t\tAnd flash unevenly.\n\n\tYou are not a fire analyst.  You cannnot tell.\n\t\t(NB:  Neither am I.  And I cannot tell\n\t\tNor is the FBI spokesman\n\t\tNor is Reno\n\t\tMaybe we all should shut up and get a\n\t\t\tforensics analysis first.\n\n>the building was full of it there was no flash of gas flame.\n\n\tYes,. there was a flash:  in one room, just pumped full of it.,\n\n>\n>\n>\n>Phill Hallam-Baker\n\nroyc\n',
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 29\nDistribution: na\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <C5v2Mr.1z1@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu> bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes:\n>The myth to which I refer is the convoluted counterfeit athiests have\n>created to make religion appear absurd. Rather than approach religion\n>(including Christainity) in a rational manner and debating its claims\n>-as the are stated-, atheists concoct outrageous parodies and then\n>hold the religious accountable for beliefs they don\'t have. What is\n>more accurately oxymoric is the a term like, reasonable atheist.\n\n\t1) They are religious parodies, NOT atheistic paradies.\n\n\t2) Please substantiate that they are parodies, and are outrageous.\n\t   Specifically, why is the IUP any more outrageous than many \n\t   religions?\n\n---\n\nPrivate note to Jennifer Fakult.\n\n        "This post may contain one or more of the following:\n         sarcasm, cycnicism, irony, or humor. Please be aware \n         of this possibility and do not allow yourself to be \n         confused and/or thrown for a loop. If in doubt, assume\n         all of the above.\n         \n         The owners of this account do not take any responsiblity\n         for your own confusion which may result from your inability\n         to recognize any of the above. Read at your own risk, Jennifer."\n\n\n',
  u"From: jmeritt@mental.mitre.org\nSubject: God's promise of Peace\nOrganization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway\nLines: 6\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu\n\nPSA 145:9  The LORD is good to all: and his  tender  mercies  are\nover all his works.\n\nJER 13:14  And I will dash them one against another, even the fa-\nthers and the sons together, saith the LORD: I will not pity, nor\nspare, nor have mercy, but destroy them.\n",
  u'From: teezee@netcom.com (TAMOOR A. ZAIDI)\nSubject: Hall Generators from USSR\nKeywords: hall generators,thrusters,USSR,JPL\nOrganization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)\nLines: 21\n\nHi Folks,\n\n              Last year America bought two  "Hall Generators" which are\nused as thrusters for space vehicles from former USSR,if I could recall\ncorrectly these devices were sent to JPL,Pasadena labs for testing and\nevaluation.\n     \n              I am just curious to know  how these devices work and what\nwhat principle is involved .what became of them.There was also some\ncontroversy that the Russian actually cheated,sold inferior devices and\nnot the one they use in there space vehicles.\n\nAny info will be appreciated...\n  ok   {                         Thank{ in advance...\nTamoor A Zaidi\nLockheed Commercial Aircraft Center\nNorton AFB,San Bernardino\n\nteezee@netcom.com\nde244@cleveland.freenet.edu\n\n',
  u'From:  (Rashid)\nSubject: Re: The Inimitable Rushdie (Re: An Anecdote about Islam\nNntp-Posting-Host: 47.252.4.179\nOrganization: NH\nLines: 31\n\nIn article <1993Apr14.121134.12187@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>,\ndarice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) wrote:\n> \n> >In article <C5C7Cn.5GB@ra.nrl.navy.mil> khan@itd.itd.nrl.navy.mil (Umar Khan) writes:\nStuff deleted\n> >>What we should be demanding, is for Khomeini and his ilk to publicly\n> >>come clean and to show their proof that Islamic Law punishes\n> >>apostacy with death or that it tolerates any similar form of\n> >>coversion of freedom of conscience.\n\nAll five schools of law (to the best of my knowledge) support the\ndeath sentence for apostasy WHEN it is accompanied by open, persistent,\nand aggravated hostility to Islam. Otherwise\nI agree, there is no legal support for punishment of disbelief.\nThe Qur\'an makes it clear that belief is a matter of conscience. Public\nor private disavowal of Islam or conversion to another faith is not\npunishable (there are some jurists who have gone against this\ntrend and insisted that apostasy is punishable (even by death) - but\nhistorically they are the exception.\n\nCursing and Insulting the Prophets falls under the category of "Shatim".\n\n> \n> I just borrowed a book from the library on Khomeini\'s fatwa etc.\n>Lots of stuff deleted<\n> \n> And, according to the above analysis, it looks like Khomeini\'s offering\n> of a reward for Rushdie\'s death in fact constitutes a criminal act\n> according to Islamic law.\n\nPlease see my post under "Re: Yet more Rushdie (ISLAMIC LAW)".\n',
  u"From: bill@emx.cc.utexas.edu (Bill Jefferys)\nSubject: Why did they behave as they did (Waco--reading suggestion)\nOrganization: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas\nLines: 19\nNNTP-Posting-Host: emx.cc.utexas.edu\n\nIf you would like to understand better the sort of behavior\nthat we saw in connection with the Waco tragedy, I'd strongly\nrecommend reading _When Prophecy Fails_, by Leon Festinger,\nHenry Riecken, and Stanley Schachter (available as a Harper\nTorchbook). It goes a long way towards explaining how a \nbelief system can be so strong as to withstand even overwhelming\ndisconfirmatory evidence. At least, read the first chapter.\nInterestingly, just as the Branch Davidians had roots in the\nSeventh-Day Adventist movement, the SDAs themselves had their\nroots in the Millerite movement of the first half of the 19th\ncentury--a movement that expected the end of the world in 1843,\nwas disappointed when it did not take place, and wound up as\na church.\n\nBill\n\n-- \nIf you meet the Buddha on the net, put him in your kill file\n\t--Robert Firth\n",
  u'From: aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer)\nSubject: Re: Conference on Manned Lunar Exploration. May 7 Crystal City\nOrganization: Evil Geniuses for a Better Tomorrow\nDistribution: na\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <C5rHoC.Fty@news.cso.uiuc.edu> jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins) writes:\n\n\n>I remeber reading the comment that General Dynamics was tied into this, in \n>connection with their proposal for an early manned landing.  Sorry I don\'t \n>rember where I heard this, but I\'m fairly sure it was somewhere reputable. \n>Anyone else know anything on this angle?\n\nIf by that you mean anything on the GD approach, there was an article on\nit in a recent Avation Week. I don\'t remember the exact date but it was\nrecent.\n\n Allen\n\n-- \n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Lady Astor:   "Sir, if you were my husband I would poison your coffee!"   |\n| W. Churchill: "Madam, if you were my wife, I would drink it."             |\n+----------------------56 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX-----------------------+\n',
  u'From: mangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate)\nSubject: Re: Who Says the Apostles Were Tortured?\nLines: 9\n\nThe traditions of the church hold that all the "apostles" (meaning the 11\nsurviving disciples, Matthias, Barnabas and Paul) were martyred, except for\nJohn.  "Tradition" should be understood to read "early church writings other\nthan the bible and heteroorthodox scriptures".\n-- \nC. Wingate        + "The peace of God, it is no peace,\n                  +    but strife closed in the sod.\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu +  Yet, brothers, pray for but one thing:\ntove!mangoe       +    the marv\'lous peace of God."\n',
  u"From: diablo.UUCP!cboesel (Charles Boesel)\nSubject: Why does Illustrator AutoTrace so poorly?\nOrganization: Diablo Creative\nReply-To: diablo.UUCP!cboesel (Charles Boesel)\nX-Mailer: uAccess LITE - Macintosh Release: 1.6v2\nLines: 12\n\nI've been trying to figure out a way to get Adobe Illustrator\nto auto-trace >exactly< what I see on my screen. But it misses\nthe edges of templates by as many as 6 pixels or more - resulting in images\nthat are useless  - I need exact tracing, not approximate.\n\nI've tried adjusting the freehand tolerances as well as autotrace\ntolerances but it doesn't help. Any suggestions?\n\n--\ncharles boesel @ diablo creative |  If Pro = for   and   Con = against\ncboesel@diablo.uu.holonet.net    |  Then what's the opposite of Progress?\n+1.510.980.1958(pager)           |  What else, Congress.\n",
  u"From: abh@genesis.nred.ma.us\nSubject: Creating FLI/FLC Animation Files?\nOrganization: Genesis Public Access Unix +1 508 664 0149\nLines: 15\n\n\nI am looking for a means to add FLI and FLC animation creation\nto a Windows application.  I was hoping for something along the lines\nof AAWIN or AAPLAY by Autodesk but for the creation of these delta \ncompressed animations.  I have FLILIB but this seems to be coded for \nthe Large memory model of DOS with Turbo C. Ideally I would\nlike a DLL or Medium model object library, but would settle\nfor anything, really.  I've seen other Windows apps with\nFLI/FLC creation, did they hack the FLILIB code into submission?\n\nAny pointers would be appreciated, please send mail directly\nto me and I will summarize the results if there is interest.\n\n- Andrew Hudson\nabh@genesis.nred.ma.us\n",
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1993Apr25.194144.8358@organpipe.uug.arizona.edu>,\nbrian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615) wrote:\n> In article <C5yMIr.FnE@blaze.cs.jhu.edu> arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu (Ken Arromdee) writes:\n> >You said everyone in the world.  That means *everyone* in the world, including\n> >children that are not old enough to speak, let alone tell lies.  If Jesus\n> >says "everyone", you cannot support that by referring to a group of people\n> >somewhat smaller than "everyone".\n \n> That\'s right.  Everyone.  Even infants who cannot speak as yet.  Even\n> a little child will rebelliously stick his finger in a light socket.\n> Even a little child will not want his diaper changed.  Even a little\n> child will fight nap-time.\n\nOh boy, get a small baby and figure out how much brain power they\nhave the first 6 months....\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u"From: mathew@mantis.co.uk (mathew)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nLines: 12\nX-Newsreader: rusnews v1.01\n\nfrank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O'Dwyer) writes:\n> (b) I am neither a Christian nor a theist, but I believe in objective\n> morality in preference to a relativist soup of gobbledegook.\n\nWell, there are two approaches we can take here.  One is to ask you what this\nobjective morality is, assuming it's not a secret.\n\nThe other is to ask you what you think is wrong with relativism, so that we\ncan correct your misconceptions :-)\n\n\nmathew\n",
  u'From: MUNIZB%RWTMS2.decnet@rockwell.com ("RWTMS2::MUNIZB")\nSubject: Space Activities in Tucson, AZ ?\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 7\n\nI would like to find out about space engineering employment and educational\nopportunities in the Tucson, Arizona area.  E-mail responses appreciated.\nMy mail feed is intermittent, so please try one or all of these addresses.\n\nBen Muniz      w(818)586-3578      MUNIZB%RWTMS2.decnet@beach.rockwell.com \nor:  bmuniz@a1tms1.remnet.ab.com  MUNIZB%RWTMS2.decnet@consrt.rockwell.com\n\n',
  u"From: Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org\nSubject: Kaliningrad (Was: Tsniimach Enterprise)\nX-Sender: newtout 0.08 Feb 23 1993\nLines: 26\n\nF.Baube[tm] writes:\n>> Tsniimach Enterprise is described as a ex-military\n>>establishment, ...  They are located near the NPO Energia\n>>facility in Kaliningrad, outside of Moscow.\n> \n>If this facility is in Kaliningrad, this is not near Moscow, it is\n>in fact the ex-East Prussian Konigsberg, now a Russian enclave on\n>the Baltic coast.  It is served by ships and rail, and the intrepid\n>traveller in Europe would find it accessible and might even want to\n>try to arrange a tour (??).\n  \n   Hmm... there must be two towns with the same name.  Kaliningrad,\nlocated just North of Moscow is correct.  It is the home of several\nRussian space enterprises, including NPO Energia, Krunichev, Fakel,\nand Tsniimach.  The main Russian manned spacecraft control facility\nis also located here.\n   Kaliningrad is easily reachable by auto from Moscow, and tours\ncan be arranged.  Call ahead though, there are still armed military\nguards at many of these facilities -- who don't speak English,\naren't well paid, and are rather bored.\n   It's a very popular destination with Western space industry\ntypes at the moment.\n ----------------------------------------------------------------\n Wales Larrison                         Space Technology Investor\n\n--- Maximus 2.01wb\n",
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 36\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <C5uuL0.n1C@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu> bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes:\n>Many of the atheists posting here argue against their own parody of\n>religion; they create some ridiculous caricature of a religion and\n>then attack the believers within that religion and the religion itself\n>as ridiculous. By their own devices, they establish a new religion, a\n>mythology. \n\n\tThat is not an "atheism mythology" in any sense of the word.\n"Religious paradoy" would be significantly more appropriate.\n\n\tThe 2nd part is rendered null and void by the simple fact that I\ndo know several "strong" atheists. I am sure that others do. I myself am\n"strong" in the sense that I find the standard concept of God without any\nmeaning. Any attempt to bring meaning either results in the destruction of \nthe viability of language, or in internal self contradiction. \n\n\tThe concept of strong atheism is not just a whimsical fantasy. They, \nand I, exist.\n\n\tYour strawman is pointless and weak.\n\n---\n\nPrivate note to Jennifer Fakult.\n\n        "This post may contain one or more of the following:\n         sarcasm, cycnicism, irony, or humor. Please be aware \n         of this possibility and do not allow yourself to be \n         confused and/or thrown for a loop. If in doubt, assume\n         all of the above.\n         \n         The owners of this account do not take any responsiblity\n         for your own confusion which may result from your inability\n         to recognize any of the above. Read at your own risk, Jennifer."\n\n\n',
  u'From: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nReply-To: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nLines: 43\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.071814.27960@wam.umd.edu>, judi@wam.umd.edu (Jay T Stein -- objectively subjective) writes:\n>> = <1qhn7m$a95@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer)\n>=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=\n>[culled from a discussion on Christianity and objective morals]\n>\n>Question:  Is there any effective difference between:\n>\n>"Objective values exist, and there is disagreement over what they are"\n>\n>and\n>\n>"Values are subjective?"\n>\n>I don\'t see any.\n>\n\n\n\nIs there any difference in saying \n\n"Absolute Truth exists, but some people think its a lie"\n\nand\n\n"Truth is relative" ?\n\nI think there is:  in both examples, the first statement is a\nfundamental disagreement between at least two people; the \nsecond statement is agreed upon by all.\n\nTo put it another way, someone who says objective values exist\ndoes not agree that values are subjective.\n\n-jim halat\n\n                                                                           \n                                                                           \n                                                                           \n                                                                           \n                                                                           \n                                                                           \n                                                                           \n                                                                           \n',
  u'From: MUNIZB%RWTMS2.decnet@rockwell.com ("RWTMS2::MUNIZB")\nSubject: Alaska Pipeline and Space Station!\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 16\n\non Date: 01 Apr 93 18:03:12 GMT, Ralph Buttigieg <ralph.buttigieg@f635.n713.z3.fido.zeta.org.au>\nwrites:\n/Why can\'t the government just be a tennant? Private commercial concerns\n/could just build a space station system and charge rent to the government\n/financed researchers wanting to use it.\n\nI believe that this was the thought behind the Industrial Space Facility.  I\ndon\'t remember all the details, but I think Space Services (?) wanted NASA to \nsign an anchor tenancy deal in order to help secure some venture capital but \nNASA didn\'t like the deal.  (I\'m sure I\'ll hear about it if I\'m wrong!)\n\nDisclaimer: Opinions stated are solely my own (unless I change my mind).\nBen Muniz     MUNIZB%RWTMS2.decnet@consrt.rockwell.com    w(818)586-3578\nSpace Station Freedom:Rocketdyne/Rockwell:Structural Loads and Dynamics\n   "Man will not fly for fifty years": Wilbur to Orville Wright, 1901\n\n',
  u'From: edm@twisto.compaq.com (Ed McCreary)\nSubject: Re: thoughts on christians\nIn-Reply-To: bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM\'s message of 16 Apr 93 05: 10:18 GMT\nOrganization: Compaq Computer Corp\nLines: 26\n\n>>>>> On 16 Apr 93 05:10:18 GMT, bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) said:\n\nRB> In article <ofnWyG600WB699voA=@andrew.cmu.edu> pl1u+@andrew.cmu.edu (Patrick C Leger) writes:\n>EVER HEAR OF\n>BAPTISM AT BIRTH?  If that isn\'t preying on the young, I don\'t know what\n>is...\n>\nRB>   \nRB>   No, that\'s praying on the young.  Preying on the young comes\nRB>   later, when the bright eyed little altar boy finds out what the\nRB>   priest really wears under that chasible.\n\nThe same thing Scotsmen where under there kilt.\n\nI\'ll never forget the day when I was about tweleve and accidently\nwalked in on a roomfull of priests sitting around in their underware\ndrinking beer and watching football.  \n\nKind of changed my opinion a bit.  They didn\'t seem so menacing after\nthat.\n\n\n--\nEd McCreary                                               ,__o\nedm@twisto.compaq.com                                   _-\\_<, \n"If it were not for laughter, there would be no Tao."  (*)/\'(*)\n',
  u'From: syshtg@gsusgi2.gsu.edu (Tom Gillman)\nSubject: Re: Biblical Backing of Koresh\'s 3-02 Tape (Cites enclosed)\nOrganization: Georgia State University\nLines: 16\n\nrick@howtek.MV.COM (Rick Roy) writes:\n\n>In article <1r1u5t$595@lm1.oryx.com> (alt.conspiracy,talk.religion.misc), xcpslf@oryx.com (stephen l favor) writes:\n>] Koresh was killed because he wanted lots of illegal guns.\n\n>Even if what you say is true, do you think this is a reasonable way\n>to deal with people who want "lots of illegal guns"?\n\nWhat makes you say that the guns were illegal?? I understand that the BD\'s\nhad a valid Class III Federal Firearms Permit, which would allow them to\nhave pretty much anything short of a howitzer legally.\n-- \n Tom Gillman, Systems Programmer       | "AAAAAGGGGHHHH" \n Wells Computer Center-Ga. State Univ. |    -- Any "Classic" Star Trek Security\n (404) 651-4503 syshtg@gsusgi2.gsu.edu |       officer sometime during the show\n GSU doesn\'t care what I say on the Internet, why should you?\n',
  u'From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 14\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <C6A2At.E9z@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n>\n>No, the thing is designed to be retrievable, in a pinch.  Indeed, this\n>dictated a rather odd design for the solar arrays, since they had to be\n>retractable as well as extendable, and may thus have indirectly contributed\n>to the array-flapping problems.\n\n\nWhy not design the solar arrays to be detachable.  if the shuttle is going\nto retunr the HST,  what bother are some arrays.  just fit them with a quick release.\n\none  space walk,  or use the second canadarm to remove the arrays.\n\npat\n',
  u'Subject: Re: "lds" Rick\'s reply\nFrom: <ISSCCK@BYUVM.BITNET>\nOrganization: Brigham Young University\nLines: 159\n\n\nRobert Weiss (psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu) writes:\n\n#Rick Anderson replied to my letter with...\n#\n#ra> In article <C5ELp2.L0C@acsu.buffalo.edu>,\n#ra> psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss) says:\n#ra>\n\n(...)\n\n# Just briefly, on something that you mentioned in passing. You refer to\n# differing interpretations of "create," and say that many Christians may\n# not agree. So what? That is really irrelevant. We do not base our faith\n# on how many people think one way or another, do we? The bottom line is\n# truth, regardless of popularity of opinions.\n\nIt may be "irrelevant" to you and *your* personal beliefs (or should I say\n"bias"?), but it is relevant to me and many others.  You\'re right, "the\nbottom line IS truth," independant from you or anyone else.  Since you\nproclaim "truths" as a self-proclaimed appointee, may I ask you by what\nauthority you do this?  Because "it says so in the Bible?"  --Does the\nBible "say so," or is it YOU, or someone else, who interprets whether a\nscripture or doctrine conforms to your particular liking or "disapproval"?\n\nExcuse moi, but your line of "truths" haven\'t moved me one bit to persuade\nme that my beliefs are erroneous.  Of all the "preachers" of "truth" on\nthis net, you have struck me as a self-righteous member of the wrecking\ncrew, with no positive message to me or other latter-day saints whatsoever.\nBTW, this entire discussion reminds me a lot of the things said by Jesus\nto the pharisees: "ye hypocrite(s) . . . ye preach about me with your lips,\nbut your hearts are far removed from me..."\n\n# Also, I find it rather strange that in trying to persuade that created\n# and eternally existent are equivalent, you say "granted the Mormon\n# belief..." You can\'t grant your conclusion and then expect the point to\n# have been addressed. In order to reply to the issue, you have to address\n# and answer the point that was raised, and not just jump to the\n# conclusion that you grant.\n\nSophistry.  Look who\'s talking: "jumping to conclusions?"  You wouldn\'t do\nthat yourself, right?  All YOU address is your own convictions, regardless\nwhether we come up with any Biblical scriptures which supports our points\nof view, because you reject such interpretations without any consideration\nwhatsoever.\n\n#\n# The Bible states that Lucifer was created.  The Bible states that Jesus\n# is the creator of all. The contradiction that we have is that the LDS\n# belief is that Jesus and Lucifer were the same.\n\nA beautiful example of disinformation and a deliberate misrepresentation\nof lds doctrine.  The former KGB would have loved to employ you.\nJesus and lucifer are not "the same," silly, and you know it.\n\n(...)\n\n# The Mormon belief is that all are children of God. Literally. There is\n# nothing symbolic about it. This however, contradicts what the Bible\n# says. The Bible teaches that not everyone is a child of God:\n\nCorrection: it may contradict would YOU think the Bible says.  The Bible\nindeed does teach that not all are children of God in the sense that they\n"belong to" or follow God in His footsteps.  Satan and his followers have\nrebelled against God, and are not "children (=followers/redeemed) of God,"\nbut it doesn\'t mean that they were not once created by God, but chose to\nseparate themselves from those who chose to follow God and His plan of\nsalvation.\n\n#\n#        The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the\n#        kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked "one";\n#        (Matthew 13:38)\n\nSo?  --This illustrates nicely what I just said: the children of the\nkingdom are those who have remained valiant in their testimony of Jesus\n(and have shown "works of repentance, etc.), and the children of the\nwicked one are those who rebelled against God and the lamb.  The issue\nof satan\'s spirit-offspring (and those who followed him) has not been\naddressed in this and other verses you copied from your Bible.  You\npurposefully obscured the subject by swamping your "right" with non-\nrelated scriptures.\n\n(...lots of nice scriptures deleted (NOT Robert W. copyrighted) though...)\n\n#ra> > We are told that, "And this is life eternal, that they might know\n#ra> > thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent."\n#ra> > (John 17:3). Life eternal is to know the only true God. Yet the\n#ra> > doctrines of the LDS that I have mentioned portray a vastly\n#ra> > different Jesus, a Jesus that cannot be reconciled with the Jesus of\n#ra> > the Bible. They are so far removed from each other that to proclaim\n\nCorrection: "my" Jesus is indeed different than your Jesus, and CAN be\nreconciled with the Jesus in the Bible.  --Not your interpretation of Him,\nI concur, but I honestly couldn\'t care less.\n\n#ra> > one as being true denies the other from being true. According to the\n#ra> > Bible, eternal life is dependent on knowing the only true God, and\n#ra> > not the construct of imagination.\n\nIn this single posting of yours, I\'ve seen more "constructs of imagination"\nthan in all of the pro-lds mails combined I have read so far in this news\ngroup.  First get your lds-facts straight before you dare preaching to us\nabout "the only true God," whom you interpret according to your own likes\nand dislikes, but whose image I cannot reconcile with what I know about\nHim myself.  I guess your grandiose self-image does not allow for other\nfaiths, believing in the divinity of Jesus Christ, but in a different\nway or fashion than your own.  Not that it really matters, the mission\nand progress of the lds church will go on, boldly and nobly, and no mob\nor opponent can stop the work from progressing, until it has visited\nevery continent, swept every clime, and sounded in every ear.\n\n#  This is really a red herring. It doesn\'t address any issue raised, but\n#  rather, it seeks to obfuscate. The fact that some groups try to read\n#  something into the Bible, doesn\'t change what the Bible teaches.\n\nSigh.  "What the Bible teaches"?  Or: "what the bible teaches according to\nRobert Weiss and co.?"  I respect the former, I reject the latter without\nthe remotest feeling that I have rejected Jesus.  On the contrary.  And by\nthe way, I do respect your interpretations of the Bible, I even grant you\nbeing a Christian (following your own image of Him), as much as I am a\nChristian (following my own image of Him in my heart).\n\n(...)\n\n#  Most of the other replies have instead hop-scotched to the issue of\n#  Bruce McConkie and whether his views were \'official doctrine.\' I don\'t\n#  think that it matters if McConkie\'s views were canon. That is not the\n#  issue.  Were McConkie\'s writings indicative of Mormon belief on this\n#  subject is the real issue. The indication from Rick is that they may\n#  certainly be.\n\nThe issue is, of course, that you love to use anything to either mis-\nrepresent or ridicule the lds church.  The issue of "official doctrine"\nis obviously very important.  McConkie\'s views have been controversial\n(e.g. "The Seven Deadly Heresies" has made me a heretic!  ;-) at best,\nor erroneous at worst ("blacks not to receive the priesthood in this\ndispensation").  I respect him as someone who has made his valuable\ncontribution to the church, but I personally do NOT rely on his personal\ninterpretations (his book "Mormon Doctrine" is oftentimes referred to\nas "McConkie\'s Bible" in mormon circles) on mormon doctrine.  I rather\nlook to official (doctrinal) sources, and... to Hugh Nibley\'s books!\n(The last comment is an lds-insider reference.)  Summarizing: McConkie\nwas a wise man who contributed undoubtedly far more to the kingdom of\nGod than I have, but whose views are by no means dogma or accepted\ndoctrine, some of it clearly belongs to personal interpretation and\nspeculation.  But having said this, I find McConkie (even in his most\nbiased and speculative moments) far more thought-provoking than the\ntrash coming from your proverbial pen.  I\'m somewhat appalled that I have\nallowed myself to sink as low as you in this posting...\n\n=============================\nRobert Weiss\npsyrobtw@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu\n\n\nCasper C. Knies              isscck@byuvm.bitnet\nBrigham Young University     isscck@vm.byu.edu\nUCS Computer Facilities\n',
  u'From: tmc@spartan.ac.BrockU.CA (Tim Ciceran)\nSubject: Re: Best FTP Viewer please.\nOrganization: Brock University, St. Catharines Ontario\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 19\n\nSITUNAYA@IBM3090.BHAM.AC.UK wrote:\n: ==============================================================================\n: Could someone please tell me the Best FTP\'able viewer available for MSDOS\n: I am running a 486 33mhz with SVGA monitor.\n: I need to look at gifs mainly and it would be advantageous if it ran\n: under windows...........thanks\n\nFTP to wuarchive.wustl.edu,\nchange into mirrors/msdos/graphics\nget "grfwk61t.zip"\nThis is the DOS version of Graphic Workshop.  There is a Windows version which\nyou could probably find in the mirrors/msdos/windows3 directory but I don\'t \nknow what the file name is. \n\n-- \n\nTMC\n(tmc@spartan.ac.BrockU.ca)\n\n',
  u'From: apryan@vax1.tcd.ie\nSubject: Order MOORE\'s book to restore Great Telescope\nLines: 41\nNntp-Posting-Host: vax1.tcd.ie\nOrganization: Trinity College Dublin\nLines: 41\n\nSeveral people have enquired about the availability of the book about the\nGreat 72" reflector built at Birr Castle, Ireland in 1845 which remained the\nlargest in the world until the the start of the 20th century.\n\n"The Astronomy of Birr Castle" was written by Patrick Moore who now sits on\nthe committee which is going to restore the telescope. (The remains are on\npublic display all year round - the massive support walls, the 60 foot long\ntube, and other bits and pieces). This book is the definitivie history of\nhow one man, the Third Earl of Rosse, pulled off the most impressive\ntechnical achievement, perhaps ever, in the history of the telescope, and\nthe discoveries made with the instrument.\n\nPatrick Moore is donating all proceeds from the book\'s sale to help restore\nthe telescope. Astronomy Ireland is making the book available world wide by\nmail order. It\'s a fascinating read and by ordering a copy you bring the day\nwhen we can all look through it once again that little bit nearer.\n\n=====ORDERING INFORMATION=====\n"The Astronomy of Birr Castle" Dr. Patrick Moore, xii, 90pp, 208mm x 145mm.\nPrice:\nU.S.: US$4.95 + US$2.95 post & packing (add $3.50 airmail)\nU.K. (pounds sterling): 3.50 + 1.50 post & packing\nEUROPE (pounds sterling): 3.50 + 2.00 post and packing\nREST OF WORLD: as per U.S. but funds payable in US$ only.\n\nPAYMENT:\nMake all payments to "Astronomy Ireland".\nCREDIT CARD: MASTERCARD/VISA/EUROCARD/ACCESS accepted by email or snail\nmail: give card number, name & address, expiration date, and total amount.\nPayments otherwise must be by money order or bank draft.\nSend to our permanent address: P.O.Box 2888, Dublin 1, Ireland.\n\nYou can also subscribe to "Astronomy & Space" at the same time. See below:\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTony Ryan, "Astronomy & Space", new International magazine, available from:\n              Astronomy Ireland, P.O.Box 2888, Dublin 1, Ireland.\n6 issues (one year sub.): UK 10.00 pounds, US$20 surface (add US$8 airmail).\nACCESS/VISA/MASTERCARD accepted (give number, expiration date, name&address).\n\n  (WORLD\'S LARGEST ASTRO. SOC. per capita - unless you know better? 0.033%)\nTel: 0891-88-1950 (UK/N.Ireland) 1550-111-442 (Eire). Cost up to 48p per min\n',
  u"From: rak@crosfield.co.uk (Richard Kirk)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42 (SILLY)\nOrganization: Crosfield, Hemel Hempstead, UK\nLines: 9\n\nIt's the number of legs on a centipede.\nSo, now you know.\n\n\n\n\n-- \nRichard Kirk         Image Processing Group    Crosfield Electronics Ltd. U.K.\nrak@crosfield.co.uk  0442-230000 x3361/3591    Hemel Hempstead, Herts, HP2 7RH\n",
  u"From: ruca@pinkie.saber-si.pt (Rui Sousa)\nSubject: Re: Potential World-Bearing Stars?\nIn-Reply-To: dan@visix.com's message of Mon, 12 Apr 1993 19:52:23 GMT\nLines: 17\nOrganization: SABER - Sistemas de Informacao, Lda.\n\nIn article <C5Dz7C.J0E@visix.com> dan@visix.com (Daniel Appelquist) writes:\n\n\n   I'm on a fact-finding mission, trying to find out if there exists a list of\n   potentially world-bearing stars within 100 light years of the Sun...\n   Is anyone currently working on this sort of thing?  Thanks...\n\n   Dan\n   -- \n\nIn principle, any star resembling the Sun (mass, luminosity) might have planets\nlocated in a suitable orbit. There several within 100 ly of the sun. They are\nsingle stars, for double or multiple systems might be troublesome. There's a\nlist located at ames.arc.nasa.gov somewhere in pub/SPACE. I think it is called\nstars.dat. By the way, what kind of project, if I may know?\n\nRui\n-- \n*** Infinity is at hand!                               Rui Sousa\n*** If yours is big enough, grab it!                   ruca@saber-si.pt\n\n                All opinions expressed here are strictly my own\n",
  u'From: "Gaetan Lord, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal" <DG03@music.mus.polymtl.ca>\nSubject: HPGL viewer and utilities\nLines: 20\nOrganization: Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal\n\nHi\n\nI would like to know if there is any software, PD or not, who\ncould produce X11 output of HPGL file on RS/6000. And same kind of\nsoftware who could produce hardcopy on postscript and lasetjet.\n\nThank You\n\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------+\n|                                                                      |\n| Gaetan Lord                      | VOICE:    (514) 340-4352          |\n! analyste                         | FAX:      (514) 340-4189          |\n| Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal  |                                   |\n| P.O. Box 6079  Station A         |                                   |\n| Montreal, Quebec                 |                                   |\n| Canada                           | THERE\'S NO FUTURE IN TIME TRAVEL. |\n| J0T-2C0                          | ********************************* |\n|                                                                      |\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\n',
  u'From: darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.\nLines: 19\n\nIn <1993Apr19.140316.14872@cs.nott.ac.uk> eczcaw@mips.nott.ac.uk (A.Wainwright) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr19.112706.26911@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>, darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:\n\n>|> (Great respect or love for a particular person does not equal a form of\n>|> "theism".)\n>|> \n>|>  Fred Rice\n>|>  darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au   \n\n>Hmm.  What about Jesus?\n\nSure, a person could have great respect for Jesus and yet be an \natheist.  (Having great respect for Jesus does not necessarily mean \nthat one has to follow the Christian [or Muslim] interpretation of \nhis life.) \n\n Fred Rice\n darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au   \n',
  u'From: lioness@maple.circa.ufl.edu\nSubject: Tex texture map format?\nOrganization: Center for Instructional and Research Computing Activities\nLines: 9\nReply-To: LIONESS@ufcc.ufl.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: maple.circa.ufl.edu\n\n\nI was at avalon today and found texture maps in some "tex" and "txc"\nformat, something I\'ve never encountered before.  These are obviously\nnot tex or  LaTeX files.\n\nIF you have a clue how I can convert these to something\nreasonable, please let me know.\n\nBrian\n',
  u'From: jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins)\nSubject: Re: Griffin / Office of Exploration: RIP\nArticle-I.D.: news.C51r3o.9wK\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 23\n\nyamauchi@ces.cwru.edu (Brian Yamauchi) writes:\n\n>Any comments on the absorbtion of the Office of Exploration into the\n>Office of Space Sciences and the reassignment of Griffin to the "Chief\n>Engineer" position?  Is this just a meaningless administrative\n>shuffle, or does this bode ill for SEI?\n\nUnfortunately, things have been boding ill (is that a legitimate conjugation?)\nfor a while.  While the Office of Exploration had some great ideas, they never\ngot much money.  I\'ve heard good things about Griffin, but it\'s hard to want\nhim back in a job where he couldn\'t do anything.\n\n>Does anyone know what his new duties will be?\n\nThe group examining the Freedom-based space station redesign proposals is \nheaded by Michael Griffin, "NASA\'s cheif engineer" in the words of Space News.\nI believe this is him.\n\n-- \nJosh Hopkins                                          jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu\n          "Tout ce qu\'un homme est capable d\'imaginer, d\'autres hommes\n            \t     seront capable de la realiser"\n\t\t\t -Jules Verne\n',
  u' zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!wupost!uunet!olivea!sgigate!odin!fido!solntze.wpd.sgi.com!livesey\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nFrom: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\n <1p6rgcINNhfb@gap.caltech.edu> <1p88fi$4vv@fido.asd.sgi.com> \n <1993Mar30.051246.29911@blaze.cs.jhu.edu> <1p8nd7$e9f@fido.asd.sgi.com> <1pa0stINNpqa@gap.caltech.edu> <1pan4f$b6j@fido.asd.sgi.com>\nOrganization: sgi\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1pieg7INNs09@gap.caltech.edu>, keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n|> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> \n|> >Now along comes Mr Keith Schneider and says "Here is an "objective\n|> >moral system".  And then I start to ask him about the definitions\n|> >that this "objective" system depends on, and, predictably, the whole\n|> >thing falls apart.\n|> \n|> It only falls apart if you attempt to apply it.  This doesn\'t mean that\n|> an objective system can\'t exist.  It just means that one cannot be\n|> implemented.\n\nIt\'s not the fact that it can\'t exist that bothers me.   It\'s \nthe fact that you don\'t seem to be able to define it.\n\nIf I wanted to hear about indefinable things that might in\nprinciple exist as long as you don\'t think about them too\ncarefully, I could ask a religious person, now couldn\'t I?\n\njon.\n',
  u'From: ad354@Freenet.carleton.ca (James Owens)\nSubject: Re: Question for those with popular morality\nOrganization: National Capital Freenet, Ottawa, Canada\nLines: 87\n\n\nIn article 70257, david@terminus.ericsson.se (David Bold) writes:\n \n>In article 17570@freenet.carleton.ca, ad354@Freenet.carleton.ca \n>(James Owens) writes:\n \n>>You seem to be saying that, God being unknowable, His morality \n>>is unknowable.\n \n>Yep, that\'s pretty much it.    . . .\n \n>. . .\n \n>As I understand it, the Sadducees believed that the Torah was all \n>that was required, whereas the Pharisees (the ancestors of modern\n>Judaism) believed that the Torah was available for interpretation \n>to lead to an understanding of the required Morality in all its \n>nuances (->Talmud).\n \n>The essence of all of this is that Biblical Morality is an \n>interface between Man and YHWH (for a Jew or Christian) and does\n>not necessarily indicate anything about YHWH outside of that \n>relationship (although one can speculate).\n \n>. . .\n \n>. . . the point I`m trying to make is that we only really have the \n>Bible to interpret, and that interpretation is by humanity. I guess \n>this is where Faith or Relevation comes in with all its inherent \n>subjectiveness.\n \nGod being unknowable, I can\'t comment on His motives, but it would be\ndistressing if He allowed us to misunderstand Him through no fault of \nour own.  For sanity\'s sake we must assume, if we believe in Him at all,\nthat His message comes through somehow.  The question is whether it comes \nthrough immediately to every individual, or is contained in a complex \ncanon that must be interpreted by experts in consultation with one another, \nor is transmitted directly through appointed representatives who are free\nto interpret, extend and modify the canon.  If God\'s message is indeed\nmediated, the further problem arises as to whether the individual under-\nstands the mediated message fully and clearly.  Since the responsibility \nfor understanding lies ultimately with the individual, we must assume that \nGod in His benevolence guides each individual to the appropriate source \nfor that individual, whereof the person may or may not drink. \n \n>>Metaphysically, if there are multiple moral codes then there is no\n>>Absolute moral code, and I think this is theologically questionable.\n \n>No. There may be an absolute moral code. There are undoubtably multiple\n>moral codes. The multiple moral codes may be founded in the absolute moral\n>code. As an example, a parent may tell a child never to swear, and the child\n>may assume that the parent never swears simply because the parent has told\n>the child that it is "wrong". Now, the parent may swear like a trooper in\n>the pub or bar (where there are no children). The "wrongness" here is if\n>the child disobeys the parent. The parent may feel that it is "inappropriate"\n>to swear in front of children but may be quite happy to swear in front of\n>animals. The analogy does not quite hold water because the child knows that\n>he is of the same type as the parent (and may be a parent later in life) but\n>you get the gist of it? Incidentally, the young child considers the directive\n>as absolute until he gets older (see Piaget) and learns a morality of his own.\n \nYour example is complicated in our age by the thin line between morality\nand politeness.  You might have said "burp", for burping and swearing carry\nabout the same stigma today.  If you are talking about "taking the Lord\'s \nname in vain" as a serious transgression, then this example is more a case of \nhypocrisy than of varying moral codes.\n \nIf there is an absolute moral code, propositions or laws in that code apply\nabsolutely and universally, by definition.  Conceivably some moral codes\ncould be subsets of the universal code, as you say at the outset.  So, for\nexample, God\'s code could include, "Thou shalt not create Beings without\na hospitable planet to live on", but this law would be inapplicable to us.\nNevertheless, we would be entitled to suppose that all laws applicable\nto us are also applicable to God.\n \nBut when you begin to ask what laws might appear in God\'s moral code, you have\na sense of the absurdity of the question.  Does God make laws for Himself to\nfollow?  Perhaps God is not the sort of being to which the category "morality"\ncan be sensibly applied.\n-- \n                                     James Owens  ad354@Freenet.carleton.ca\n                                     Ottawa, Ontario, Canada\n',
  u"From: gcdcrgm@state.systems.sa.gov.au\nSubject: PICLAB processing half a GIF\nOrganization: State Systems, South Australia\nLines: 6\n\nI've been playing with a program called PICLAB to modify some .gif files. The\nproblem is it keeps displaying only 50% of the image. Starting from the top, it\ndisplays20%, leaves 20% blank, then down another 20% etc. ANyone know what I'm\ndoing wrong, or is there another piece of software I should use instead?\n\nThanks for your tolerance!\n",
  u'From: royc@rbdc.wsnc.org (Roy Crabtree)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nOrganization: Red Barn Data Center\nLines: 26\n\nIn article <C5s9CK.2Bt@apollo.hp.com> nelson_p@apollo.hp.com (Peter Nelson) writes:\n>  who would be alive today if they had been released back when we were\n\n\tThe word "released" is loaded:  until convicted in CXOurt,\n\tmy children are my own.\n\n\tWHen the Feds use this type of loaded logic, you cannot win:\n\t\t1)  we accuse you\n\t\t2) we shoot a couple of your kids\n\t\t3)  we blame you for those shots\n\t\t4) we harrass you for 51 days\n\t\t5) we tell you to come out or die\n\t\t6) we gas you\n\t\t7) you burn to death\n\t\t8)  we blame you (prior to trial) for all of it\n>  debating this a few weeks ago.\n>\n>\n>---peter\n>\n>\n>\n>\n>\n\n\n',
  u'From: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nX-Newsreader: rusnews v1.02\nLines: 60\n\nmarkp@avignon (Mark Pundurs) writes:\n>mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk> writes:\n>>markp@elvis.wri.com (Mark Pundurs) writes:\n>>> In <930415.112243.8v6.rusnews.w165w@mantis.co.uk> mathew@mantis.co.uk\n>>> (mathew) writes:\n>>> > There\'s no objective physics; Einstein and Bohr have told us that.\n>>> \n>>> Speaking as one who knows relativity and quantum mechanics, I say: \n>>> Bullshit.\n> \n>>Speaking as someone who also knows relativity and quantum mechanics, I say:\n>>Go ahead, punk, make my day.  My degree can beat up your degree.\n> \n> OK, refer us to the place in Einstein\'s (or Bohr\'s) writings where\n> he said \'there\'s no objective physics.\'\n\nAh, you taking everything as literal quotation.  No wonder you\'re confused.\n\nFirst, can I ask that we decide on a definition of "objective"?\n\n>>>>There\'s no objective reality.  LSD should be sufficient to prove that.\n>>> \n>>> Speaking as one who has taken LSD, I say: \n>>> Bullshit.\n> \n>>Well, I\'ll have to bow to your superior knowledge on that one, but I think I\n>>detect a pattern in your responses.  How about some actual support for your\n>>dismissals?\n> \n> You take LSD, and it skews your perception of reality. You come down,\n> and your perceptions unskew.\n\nAnd?\n\n>>> How could striving toward an ideal be in any way useful, if the ideal \n>>> had no objective existence?\n> \n>>A perfectly efficient power station would convert all of the energy in coal\n>>into electricity.  There is absolutely no way we can build a perfect power\n>>station; it\'s an ideal.  But striving towards that ideal is undeniably\n>>useful and valuable, is it not?\n> \n> OK, let me narrow the question. Is it useful to strive toward a\n> (nonexistent) objective ethics?\n\nI\'d guess that it might be.\n\n> In what way?\n\nIt may be the case that some people are unable to evaluate complex moral\nissues.  Rather than leaving them to behave "immorally", it might be better\nto offer them an abstract (nonexistent objective) system of ethics which they\ncan strive towards, coded into rules which they don\'t have to derive for\nthemselves.\n\nI tend to feel that this is pretty much what we all have as morality\nanyway...\n\n\nmathew\n',
  u"From: mll@aio.jsc.nasa.gov (Mark Littlefield)\nSubject: Re: What counntries do space surveillance?\nReply-To: mll@aio.jsc.nasa.gov\nOrganization: Lockheed ESC/NASA JSC\nLines: 32\n\nIn article <15657.2bd7de55@cpva.saic.com>, thomsonal@cpva.saic.com writes:\n[ stuff deleted ]\n|> \n|> \n|>     This leads to the more general question: do yet other people than \n|> the US, Russia, and Japan do space surveillance, and if so, how and \n|> why? \n|> \n|> Allen Thomson              SAIC                        McLean, VA, USA\n\nThe French SPOT is an example that comes to mind.  Although the\ncompany (name escapes me at the moment) sells images world-wide, you\ncan bet your last dollar (franc??) that the French gov't gets first\ndibs.\n\nI remember a few years ago (about the time SPOT was launched), I\nwas speaking to my Dad (an USAF officer) about this and that, and I\nhappend to mention SPOT (I think we were talking about technology\nutilization).  He just about went ballistic.  He wanted to know how I\nknew about SPOT and just what I knew.  I guess that space surveillance\nis such a sensitive topic in the Air Force that he couldn't believe\nthat I would read about such a system in the popular press (ie. AV week).\n\nmark, \n-- \n=====================================================================\nMark L. Littlefield              Intelligent Systems Department\ninternet: mll@aio.jsc.nasa.gov \nUSsnail:  Lockheed Engineering and Sciences \n          2400 Nasa Rd 1 / MC C-19            \n          Houston, TX 77058-3711\n====================================================================\n",
  u"From: cdcolvin@rahul.net (Christopher D. Colvin)\nSubject: Re: Rosicrucian Order(s) ?!\nNntp-Posting-Host: bolero\nOrganization: a2i network\nLines: 26\n\nIn article <1qvibv$b75@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony \nAlicea) writes:\n>\n>In a previous article, cdcolvin@rahul.net (Christopher D. Colvin) says:\n>\n>>I worked at AMORC when I was in HS.\n>\n>OK: So you were a naive teen.\n>\n>>He [HS Lewis] dates back to the 20's. \n>\n>Wrong: 1915 and if you do your homework, 1909.\n>But he was born LAST century (1883).\n>\n>>\n>>Right now AMORC is embroiled in some internal political turmoil. \n>\n>No it isn't. \n>\n>\n\nI guess the San Jose Mercury news is wrong then, and if so, why is the DA \ninvolved? \n \n-- \nChristopher D. Colvin <cdcolvin@rahul.net>\n",
  u'From: bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig)\nSubject: Re: *** The list of Biblical contradictions\nOrganization: Starfleet Headquarters: San Francisco\nLines: 30\n\njoslin@pogo.isp.pitt.edu (David Joslin) writes:\n>\n>I\'m curious to know what purpose people think these lists serve.\n>Lists like this seem to value quantity over quality, an "argument\n>from article length."  And the list you have here is of poorer\n>quality than most.\n\nI agree, which is why I\'ve asked for help with it.\n\nThe reason I\'m working on this list is because I\'ve recently had one\ntoo many Christians tell me "the Bible contains no contradictions\nwhatsoever."  They believe that it\'s true, and that it describes\nreality perfectly, and even predicts history before it happens.\n\nBefore I can carry on any sort of meaningful conversation with these\npeople, I\'ve got to SHOW them, with concrete evidence, that the Bible\nis not nearly as airtight as they thought.  I hope to do that with\nthis list.\n\nSpecifically: when I bring up the fact that Genesis contains two\ncontradictory creation stories, I usually get blank stares or flat\ndenials.  I\'ve never had a fundamentalist acknowledge that there are\nindeed two different accounts of creation.\n\n-- \n_/_/_/  Brian Kendig                             Je ne suis fait comme aucun\n/_/_/  bskendig@netcom.com                de ceux que j\'ai vus; j\'ose croire\n_/_/                            n\'etre fait comme aucun de ceux qui existent.\n  /  The meaning of life     Si je ne vaux pas mieux, au moins je suis autre.\n /    is that it ends.                                           -- Rousseau\n',
  u'From: brian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615)\nSubject: Re: 14 Apr 93   God\'s Promise in 1 John 1: 7\nOrganization: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, Tucson AZ.\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <bskendigC5I9yH.ICp@netcom.com> bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig) writes:\n\n>If you can explain to me why the death of Jesus was a *good* thing,\n>then I would be very glad to hear it, and you might even convert me.\n>Be warned, however, that I\'ve heard all the most common arguments\n>before, and they just don\'t convince me.\n\nBe warned, it is not my job to convert you.  That is the job of\nthe Holy Spirit.  And I, frankly, make a lousy one.  I am only\nhere to testify.  Your conversion is between you and God.  I am\n"out of the loop".  If you decide to follow Jesus, of which I\nindeed would be estatic, then all the glory be to God.\n\n-------------\nBrian Ceccarelli\nbrian@gamma1.lpl.arizona.edu\n',
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: islamic authority over women\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <1993Apr19.120352.1574@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>,\ndarice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) wrote:\n>> The problem with your argument is that you do not _know_ who is a _real_\n> believer and who may be "faking it".  This is something known only by\n> the person him/herself (and God).  Your assumption that anyone who\n> _claims_ to be a "believer" _is_ a "believer" is not necessarily true.\n\nSo that still leaves the door totally open for Khomeini, Hussein\net rest. They could still be considered true Muslims, and you can\'t\njudge them, because this is something between God and the person.\n\nYou have to apply your rule as well with atheists/agnostics, you\ndon\'t know their belief, this is something between them and God.\n\nSo why the hoopla about Khomeini not being a real Muslim, and the\nhoopla about atheists being not real human beings?\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u'From: mpdillon@halcyon.com (Michael Dillon)\nSubject: Re: Looking for polygon "convexifier"\nOrganization: "A World of Information at your Fingertips"\nLines: 17\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: nwfocus.wa.com\n\n>Does anyone know where I can find a code which would take concave\n>polygons and break them up into a set of convex polygons?\nO\n\nI also would like code or algorithms to do this.\n\nIn fact, I am interested in sources for code and/or algorithms that\nconvert 2D graphical objects into other 2D graphical objects that\nwill render into the same image. i.e. Bezier curves to B splines,\nor splines to circular arc segments, or B splines to polgons, etc...\n\n\n-- \nMichael Dillon                 Internet: mpdillon@halcyon.halcyon.com\nC-4 Powerhouse                  Fidonet: 1:353/350\nRR #2 Armstrong, BC  V0E 1B0      Voice: +1-604-546-8022\nCanada                              BBS: +1-604-546-2705\n',
  u'From: Mark A. Cartwright <markc@emx.utexas.edu>\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42 (SILLY)\nOrganization: University of Texas @ Austin, Comp. Center\nLines: 21\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: aliester.cc.utexas.edu\nX-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1\n\nWell,\n\n42 is 101010 binary, and who would forget that its the\nanswer to the Question of "Life, the Universe, and Everything else."\nThat is to quote Douglas Adams in a round about way.\n\nOf course the Question has not yet been discovered...\n\n--\nMark A. Cartwright, N5SNP\nUniversity of Texas @ Austin\nComputation Center, Graphics Facility\nmarkc@emx.utexas.edu\nmarkc@sirius.cc.utexas.edu\nmarkc@hermes.chpc.utexas.edu\n(512)-471-3241 x 362\n\nPP-ASEL 9-92\n\na.) "Often in error, never in doubt."\nb.) "This situation has no gravity, I would like a refund please."\n',
  u'From: tdawson@llullaillaco.engin.umich.edu (Chris Herringshaw)\nSubject: Ray tracer for ms-dos?\nOrganization: University of Michigan Engineering, Ann Arbor\nLines: 9\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: llullaillaco.engin.umich.edu\nOriginator: tdawson@llullaillaco.engin.umich.edu\n\n\nSorry for the repeat of this request, but does anyone know of a good\nfree/shareware program with which I can create ray-traces and save\nthem as bit-mapped files?  (Of course if there is such a thing =)\n\nThanks in advance\n\nDaemon\n\n',
  u"From: eder@hsvaic.boeing.com (Dani Eder)\nSubject: Re: Guns for Space\nKeywords: Sopa Gun, Space Launcer\nOrganization: Boeing AI Center, Huntsville, AL\nLines: 72\n\n\nOkay, lets get the record straight on the Livermore gas gun.  \nThe project manager is Dr. John Hunter, and he works for the\nLaser group at Livermore.  What, you may ask, does gas guns\nhave to do with lasers? Nothing, really, but the gun is physically\nlocated across the road from the Free Electron Laser building,\nand the FEL building has a heavily shielded control room (thick walls)\nfrom which the gun firings are controlled.  So I suspect that the\noffice he works for is an administrative convenience.\n\nI visited Hunter at the beginning of Feb. and we toured the gun.\nAt the time I was working on gas gun R&D at Boeing, where I work,\nbut I am now doing other things (helping to save the space station),\n\nThe gun uses a methane-air mixture, which is burned in a chamber\nabout 200 ft long by 16 inch ID (i.e. it looks like a pipe).\nThe chamber holds a 1 ton piston which is propelled at several\nhundred m/s down the chamber.  On the other side of the piston\nis hudrogen gas, initially at room temperature andsome tens\nof atmospheres.\n\nThe piston compresses and heats the hydrogen ahead of it until\na stainless steel burst diaphragm ruptures, at around 50,000 psi.\nThe barrel of the gun is about 100 feet long and has a 4 inch\nbore.  It is mounted at right angles to the chamber (i.e. they\nintersect).  This was done so that in the future, the barrel\ncould be raised and the gun fired into the air without having to\nmove the larger and heavier chamber.  The projectile being used\nin testing is a 5 kg cylinder of Lexan plastic, 4 in in diameter\nand about 50 cm long.\n\nAll of the acceleration comes from the expansion of the hydrogen\ngas from 50,000 psi downwards until the projectile leaves the\nbarrel.  The barrel is evacuated, and the end is sealed with a\nsheet of plastic film (a little thicker than Saran wrap).  The\nplastic is blown off by the small amount of residual air trapped\nin the barrel ahead of the projectile.  \n\nThe gun is fired into a bunker filled with sandbags and plastic\nwater jugs.  In the early testing fragments of the plastic\nprojectile were found.  At the higher speeds in later testing,\nthe projectile vaporizes.\n\nThe testing is into a bunker because the Livermore test range is\nabout 3 miles across, and the projectile would go 100-200 km\nif fired for maximum range.  The intent is to move the whole gun\nto Vandenberg AFB after the testing is complete, where they can\nfire into the Pacific Ocean, and use the tracking radar at VAFB\nto follow the projectiles.\n\nThe design goal of the gun is to throw a 5 kg projectile at 4\nkm/s (half of orbital speed).  So far they have reached 2 km/s,\nand the gun is currently down for repairs, as on the last test\nthey blew a seal and damaged some of the hardware (I think it\nhad to do with the methane-air more detonating than burning, but\nI haven't had a chance to talk to Hunter directly on this).\n\nThere are people waiting to test scramjet components in this\ngun by firing then out of the gun into the air (at Mach 12=\n4 km/s), since the most you can get in wind tunnels is Mach 8.\n\nThis gun cost about 4 million to develop, and is basically\na proof-of-concept for a bigger gun capable of firing useful-\nsized payloads into space.  This would require on the order of\n100 kg projectiles, which deliver on the order of 20 kg\nuseful payload to orbit.\n\nDani Eder\n\n-- \nDani Eder/Meridian Investment Company/(205)464-2697(w)/232-7467(h)/\nRt.1, Box 188-2, Athens AL 35611/Location: 34deg 37' N 86deg 43' W +100m alt.\n",
  u"From: tombaker@bumetb.bu.edu (Thomas A. Baker)\nSubject: Re: Soyuz and Shuttle Comparisons\nReply-To: tombaker@bumetb.bu.edu (Thomas A. Baker)\nOrganization: Thomas A. Baker, UNLIMITED\nLines: 22\n\nIn article <511151978@ofa123.fidonet.org> David.Anderman@ofa123.fidonet.org writes:\n>The most revealing comparison between Shuttle and Soyuz is cost. All\n>other comparisons are apples and oranges.\n>\n>--- Maximus 2.01wb\n\nI like this statement, though for my own reasons.  Cost comparisons depend\na lot on whether the two options are similar, and *then* it becomes very\nrevealing to consider what their differences are.  Can Soyuz launch the\nLong Exposure Facility?  Course not.  Will the Shuttle take my television \nrelay to LEO by year's end?  Almost certainly not, but the Russians are\npretty good about making space accessible on a tight schedule.\n\nComparing S and SS points up that there are TWO active space\nlauncher-and-work-platform resources, with similarities and differences.\nWhere they are in direct competition, we may get to see some market\neconomics come into play.\n\ntombaker\n                                   --------------------------------------\n                                   My employer's opinions are not my own.\n                                   I am self-employed.\n",
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: It\'s all Mary\'s fault!\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 67\n\nIn article <w_briggs-250493154912@ccresources6h59.cc.utas.edu.au>\nw_briggs@postoffice.utas.edu.au (William Briggs) writes:\n \n(Deletion)\n>> Lucky for them that the baby didn\'t have any obvious deformities!  I could\n>> just see it now: Mary gets pregnant out of wedlock so to save face she and\n>> Joseph say that it was God that got her pregnant and then the baby turns\n>> out to be deformed, or even worse, stillborn!  They\'d have a lot of\n>> explaining to do.... :-)\n>\n>A few points guys, (oops guy and gal but I use the term guy asexually):\n>\n>- Has the same sort of conspiracy ever occurred since, (I mean there must\n>have been dozen of times in the past two thousand years when it would have\n>been opportune time for a \'messiah\' to be born.\n>\n \nIt has. There is a guy running around in Switzerland who claims to have\nbeen conceived similarly. His mother says the same. His father is said to\nbe a bit surprised.\n \nBut anyway, there have been a lot of Messiahs, and many have had a similar\nstory about their birth. Or their death. A list of Messiahs could be quite\ninteresting.\n \n \n>- Wouldn\'t you feel bad if you turned out to be wrong and the conception of\n>Christ was via God?  I can just imagine your faces as Mary asks you if\n>you\'ve ever had a child yourself.\n>\n \nI would wonder why an omnipotent god pulls such stunts instead of providing\nevidence for everyone to check. And the whole question is absurd.\n \nWouldn\'t you feel bad if you\'d find out that stones are sentient, and that\nyou have stepped on them all your life? And wouldn\'t you feel bad when you\'d\nsee the proof that Jesus was just a plot of Satan?\n \n \n>- If they wanted to save image they could have done what Joseph planned to\n>do in the first place - have a quite wedding and an equally quite divorce,\n>(I think it was quite easy to do under Jewish law).  In that regard they\n>would have been pretty DUMB to think up a conspiracy like the one you\'ve\n>outlined in that they a bringing attention on themselves.  (Messiah\n>appearances were like Royal Scandals in zero AD Israel, (see the part in\n>Acts when the Sandhedrin are discussing what to do about the growth of the\n>new Church, (i.e. one wise guy said - leave it alone and if it is what it\n>says it is nothing can stop it and if it isn\'t then it will just fizzle out\n>anyway)).\n>\n \nYou\'ve forgotten the pride factor.\n \n \n>- It didn\'t fizzle, (the Church I mean).\n>\n \nThe argument is a fallacy. It is like "thanks for reading this far" on the end\nof a letter. Most religions claim that they won\'t fizzle because they contain\nsome eternal truth. So does Christianity. Since there are old religions it is\nno wonder to find old religions that have it that they would last.\n \nRoll twelve dice. Calculate the chance for the result. Argue that there must\nbe something special about the result because an event with a chance of\n1/(6**12) could hardly happen by chance only. Feel elevated because you have\nparticipated in letting that special event take place.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u"From: seth@north6.acpub.duke.edu (Seth Wandersman)\nSubject: morphing\nReply-To: seth@north6.acpub.duke.edu (Seth Wandersman)\nLines: 6\nNntp-Posting-Host: north6.acpub.duke.edu\n\n\nKeywords: \n\nI am looking for some morphing programs for DEC's or pc's. I looked for a program\ncalled dmorph using archie but could not find it. I found a progrmam call\nmorpho but it only did grayscale images. Does anyone know where I should look?\n",
  u'From: mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539)\nSubject: Re: Metric vs English\nArticle-I.D.: mksol.1993Apr6.131900.8407\nOrganization: Texas Instruments Inc\nLines: 31\n\nIn <1993Apr5.195215.16833@pixel.kodak.com> dj@ekcolor.ssd.kodak.com (Dave Jones) writes:\n\n>Keith Mancus (mancus@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov) wrote:\n>> Bruce_Dunn@mindlink.bc.ca (Bruce Dunn) writes:\n>> > SI neatly separates the concepts of "mass", "force" and "weight"\n>> > which have gotten horribly tangled up in the US system.\n>> \n>>   This is not a problem with English units.  A pound is defined to\n>> be a unit of force, period.  There is a perfectly good unit called\n>> the slug, which is the mass of an object weighing 32.2 lbs at sea level.\n>> (g = 32.2 ft/sec^2, of course.)\n>> \n\n>American Military English units, perhaps.  Us real English types were once \n>taught that a pound is mass and a poundal is force (being that force that\n>causes 1 pound to accelerate at 1 ft.s-2).  We had a rare olde tyme doing \n>our exams in those units and metric as well.\n\nAmerican, perhaps, but nothing military about it.  I learned (mostly)\nslugs when we talked English units in high school physics and while\nthe teacher was an ex-Navy fighter jock the book certainly wasn\'t\nproduced by the military.\n\n[Poundals were just too flinking small and made the math come out\nfunny; sort of the same reason proponents of SI give for using that.] \n\n-- \n"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don\'t have the balls to live\n in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don\'t speak for others and they don\'t speak for me.\n',
  u'From: arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu (Ken Arromdee)\nSubject: Re: Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Johns Hopkins University CS Dept.\nLines: 24\n\nIn article <4949@eastman.UUCP> dps@nasa.kodak.com writes:\n>|>  Yet I am still not a believer.  Is god not concerned with my\n>|>  disposition?  Why is it beneath him to provide me with the\n>|>  evidence I would require to believe?  The evidence that my\n>|>  personality, given to me by this god, would find compelling?\n>The fact is God could cause you to believe anything He wants you to. \n>But think about it for a minute.  Would you rather have someone love\n>you because you made them love you, or because they wanted to\n>love you.\n\nOh no, not again.\n\nThere is a difference between believing that God exists, and loving him.\n(For instance, Satan certainly believes God exists, but does not love him.)\nWhat unbelievers request in situations like this is that God provide evidence\ncompelling enough to believe he exists, not to compel them to love him.\n--\n"On the first day after Christmas my truelove served to me...  Leftover Turkey!\nOn the second day after Christmas my truelove served to me...  Turkey Casserole\n    that she made from Leftover Turkey.\n[days 3-4 deleted] ...  Flaming Turkey Wings! ...\n   -- Pizza Hut commercial (and M*tlu/A*gic bait)\n\nKen Arromdee (arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu)\n',
  u'From: landis@stsci.edu (Robert Landis,S202,,)\nSubject: Re: Soviet Space Book\nReply-To: landis@stsci.edu\nOrganization: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore MD\nLines: 9\n\nWhat in blazes is going on with Wayne Matson and gang\ndown in Alabama?  I also heard an unconfirmed rumor that\nAerospace Ambassadors have disappeared.  Can anyone else\nconfirm??\n\n++Rob Landis\n   STScI, Baltimore, MD\n\n\n',
  u'From: m23364@mwunix.mitre.org (James Meritt)\nSubject: Re: Silence is concurance\nNntp-Posting-Host: mwunix.mitre.org\nOrganization: MITRE Corporation, McLean VA\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 76\n\nIn article <9157@blue.cis.pitt.edu> joslin@pogo.isp.pitt.edu (David Joslin) writes:\n}For those missing the context of this thrilling discussion between\n}Jim and I, Jim wrote the following to me in e-mail after I pointed out\n\nHate to shatter your self image of perfection that  you appear to hold, but\nyour language is wrong: Jim and me.\n\n}I pointed out that I did, in fact, agree that both Robert Weiss and\n}Jim Meritt took quotes out of context.  Hence, I find it difficult to\n}understand why Jim thinks I am a hypocrite.  Needless to say, I don\'t\n}have time to reply to *every* article on t.r.m. that takes a quote\n}out of context.  \n\nOf course not - just the ones you disagree with.  Q.E.D.\n\n}>}So, according to you, Jim, the only way to criticize one person for\n}>}taking a quote out of context, without being a hypocrite, is to post a\n}>}response to *every* person on t.r.m who takes a quote out of context?\n}\n}Jim replied by saying \n}>Did I either ask or assert that?\n}\n}But today we find four articles from Jim, one of which has the subject\n\nSo?  As of then, and pointing out a specific instance.  Wrongo again.\n\n}>Is it not the case that, in the eyes of the law, when someone is aware of\n}>something and has the capability of taking action and does not, that individual\n}>may be held responsible for that action?\n}\n}Which is, of course, a complete red herring.  Taking quotes out of\n}context isn\'t a crime.  I don\'t have time to read every article on\n}t.r.m., and I\'m certainly under no obligation to reply to them all.\n\nSo?  Check the newsgroups?\n\n}Does "silence is concurrence" imply that Jim thinks that because I\n}didn\'t respond to Weiss\' articles I must condone Weiss\' taking quotes\n}out of context?  Jim doesn\'t want to give a direct answer to this\n}question; read what he has written and decide for yourself.\n\nTelepathy again?  You claim to know what I "want".\n\n}But back to the context of my conversation with Jim.  Jim\'s next \n}gambit was to claim that he was using inductive logic when he\n}concluded that I was being a hypocrite.  I challenged him to provide\n}the details of that logic that led him to an incorrect conclusion.\n\nNo.  YOu asked specifically what was wrong with yours.\n\n}Today we find another obscure article (posting it twice didn\'t help\n\nMaybe to the ignorant.  I accept your classification.\n\n}More red herrings.  Could Jim mean that he has read an uncountably large\n}number of my articles?  \n\nDo you know what "uncountably large" means?  It does not appear so.\n\n}Could Jim mean that because I "axed" his articles,\n}but not Weiss\' articles, he wants to conclude inductively ...\n}Well, I can\'t see where he is going with this.\n\nI am not suprised.\n\n}But I can help him with his induction.  I\'ve written roughly 80\n\nThat does not appear to be the case.  The appearance of your "Argument"\nis more like that Captain Kirk would have gotten from Mr. Spock - written\nby a stagehand at Paramount.\n\n}Think hard about this Jim.  See the pattern?  Think harder.  Run it\n}through your induction engine and see what pops out.  \n\nOf course.  You appear arrogant.  So?  I already had figured that out.\n\n',
  u"From: Pegasus@aaa.uoregon.edu (Pegasus)\nSubject: Re: Merlin, Mithras and Magick\nOrganization: the Polyhedron Group\nLines: 13\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: fp1-dialin-6.uoregon.edu\n\nIn article <JOSHUA.93Apr20190924@bailey.cpac.washington.edu>,\njoshua@cpac.washington.edu (Joshua Geller) wrote:\n> \n\n> I would really appreciate if when someone brought something like\n> this up they didn't back out when someone asked for details.\n> josh\n\nEXCUSE ME!\nI am -NOT TRYING TO BACK OUT- Josh, Maybe you should try to make an\ninformed responce when your are trying to pack, and your references are\nPACKED!  and someone responses like you did. (NO GRIN).\nPegasus\n",
  u'From: bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig)\nSubject: Re: *** The list of Biblical contradictions\nOrganization: Starfleet Headquarters: San Francisco\nLines: 24\n\nhudson@athena.cs.uga.edu (Paul Hudson Jr) writes:\n>bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig) writes:\n>\n>>Specifically: when I bring up the fact that Genesis contains two\n>>contradictory creation stories, I usually get blank stares or flat\n>>denials.  I\'ve never had a fundamentalist acknowledge that there are\n>>indeed two different accounts of creation.\n>\n>That is because two creation stories is one of the worst examples of \n>a difficulty with the Bible.  "were formed" can also be translated "had been\n>formed" in chapter two without any problems.  So the text does not demand\n>that there are two creation stories.  \n\nReally?  I don\'t get it... Genesis first says that God created the\nearth, then the animals, then humans; then it turns around and says\nthat humans were created before animals!  How can you escape this\ncontradiction?\n\n-- \n_/_/_/  Brian Kendig                             Je ne suis fait comme aucun\n/_/_/  bskendig@netcom.com                de ceux que j\'ai vus; j\'ose croire\n_/_/                            n\'etre fait comme aucun de ceux qui existent.\n  /  The meaning of life     Si je ne vaux pas mieux, au moins je suis autre.\n /    is that it ends.                                           -- Rousseau\n',
  u"From: STK1203@VAX003.STOCKTON.EDU\nSubject: big THANKS\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 21\n\nI'd like to thank everyone and anyone who sent me information\nto help me with my project.  \n\n\n\n_______  ___   ___       ___      ___     ___  ___    ___   \n|     |  |  |  |  |     /   \\     |   \\   |  | \\  \\  /   / \n--| |-   |  |  |  |    / /\\  \\    | |\\ \\  |  |  \\  \\/   /\n  | |    |   --   |   /  --   \\   | | \\ \\ |  |   \\     /  \n  | |    |   __   |  /  -----  \\  | |  \\ \\|  |   /  /\\ \\  \n  |_|    |__|  |__| /__/     \\__\\ |_|   \\____|  /__/  \\_\\\n\n\n\nI'll send my report to all who requested a copy!\n\n\n  KEITH MALINOWSKI STK1203@VAX003.Stockton.EDU\n  Stockton State College\n  Pomona, NJ 08240\n\n",
  u'Subject: Re: "Imaginary" Friends - Dragons & Mice\nFrom: martini@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu (Sheilagh M.B.E. O\'Hare)\nOrganization: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas\nNNTP-Posting-Host: tigger.cc.utexas.edu\nLines: 17\n\nHe sounds really cute, Morte!  Kinds like _pete\'s dragon_, maybe smaller,\nmaybe a different species.. winge\'d?  (shakespear wing-ED)\n\nI\'ve always hat a horde of mice to turn to for fun & sort of that kind of\nmouse in Cinderella (walt disney).  I grew up sort of as an only child,\npart time.. my siblings were 10-8-6 years older than me, so i was pretty\ncommonly a different sort of charater in their games (read: non speaking\nhot cocoa-goffer, stand in (still silent) bad guy/good guy/etc), so my\nmice were playmates, more than advisors.\n\nCould curt, or whomever has a good list of books please post such list,\nin all sorts of fields, like jungian, condensed buddist/etc philosophies,\nmultiple personailty disorders, or good fiction that has well worked\nimaginary friends?\n\nthanks,\nsheilagh, wanting a bunch of library catalouge topics to search thru\n',
  u"Subject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters How energetic could they be?\nFrom: belgarath@vax1.mankato.msus.edu\nOrganization: Mankato State University\nNntp-Posting-Host: vax1.mankato.msus.edu\nLines: 38\n\nIn article <1rgvjsINNbhq@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU>, jfc@athena.mit.edu (John F Carr) writes:\n> \n> If gamma ray bursters are extragalactic, would absorption from the\n> galaxy be expected?  How transparent is the galactic core to gamma\n> rays?\n> \n> How much energy does a burster put out?  I know energy depends on\n> distance, which is unknown.  An answer of the form _X_ ergs per\n> megaparsec^2 is OK.\n> \n> \n> --\n>     John Carr (jfc@athena.mit.edu)\n        I had to turn to one of my problem sets that I did in class for this\nlittle problem.  I don't have a calculator, but I DO have the problem set that\nwe did not too long ago, so I'll use that, and hope it's what you wanted.  \nThis is a highly simplified problem, with a very simple burst.  Bursts are\nusually more complex than this example I will use here.\n        Our burst has a peak flux of 5.43E-6 ergs cm^-2 sec^-1 and a duration\nof 8.95 seconds.  During the frst second of the burst, and the last 4 seconds,\nits flux is half of the peak flux.  It's flux is the peak flux the rest of the\ntime.  Assume that the background flux is 10E-7 erg cm^-2 sec^-1.\n        Then we had to find the integrated luminosity of the burst, for several\ndifferent spheres: R=.25pc(Oort Cloud Radius), R=22.5pc(at the edge of the\ngalaxy), R=183.5pc or the edge of the galactic corona, and lastly at a\nR=8800Mpc.  \n        We integrated the flux over all time to find the fluence, then used the\nold standby formula:\n                        Luminosity=4(pi)(r^2)Fpeak\n        For a radius of .25 pc, we found an L around 10^32 erg/sec.  Pretty\nenergetic for close by.  for the coronal model, we found around 10^43 erg/sec.\nAnd lastly, for the cosmological model an L=10^53. That's what you'd call\nmoderately energetic, I'd say.  Any suggestions about what could put out that\nmuch energy in one second? \n                                                -jeremy\n\n\n\n",
  u'From: malek@pi.titech.ac.jp (Zidouri Abdelmalek 03/95)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42\nOrganization: Tokyo Institute of Tech., Precision and Intelligence Lab., Japan\nLines: 23\nIn-Reply-To: se92psh@brunel.ac.uk\'s message of Wed, 21 Apr 1993 08:29:03 GMT\n\n>>>>> On Wed, 21 Apr 1993 08:29:03 GMT, se92psh@brunel.ac.uk (Peter Hauke) said:\n\nPeter> joachim lous (joachim@kih.no) wrote:\n\nPeter> : > Does anyone have any  other suggestions where the 42 came from?\n\nPeter> Yep, here\'s a theory that I once heard bandied around.  Rather than thinking\nPeter> of the number think of the sound. For Tea Two. A sort of anagram on Tea For Two,\nPeter> Two for Tea, For Tea Two.\n                    ~~~~~~~~~~~ \nUn other suggestion is there is no Tea above! It just \nAnd For Two many things are possible; think binary, + -, Y/N,\nL/R, T/F  No wonder there was Eve for Adam! \n\nPeter> :-)\n \nMalek :-) :-)\n\n--\n Malek.\n \n "We cooperate in what we agree on, and forgive each other for that\n  in which we disagree." Hassan El Banna.\n',
  u'From: "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com>\nSubject: Re: An Anecdote about Islam\nIn-Reply-To: <1pqfic$9s2@fido.asd.sgi.com>\nNntp-Posting-Host: 127.0.0.1\nOrganization: Kupajava, East of Krakatoa\nX-Mailer: PSILink-DOS (3.3)\nLines: 32\n\n>DATE:   5 Apr 1993 23:32:28 GMT\n>FROM:   Jon Livesey <livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com>\n>\n>In article <114127@bu.edu>, jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n>|> \n>|> I don\'t understand the point of this petty sarcasm. It is a basic \n>|> principle of Islam that if one is born muslim or one says "I testify\n>|> that there is no god but God and Mohammad is a prophet of God" that,\n>|> so long as one does not explicitly reject Islam by word then one _must_\n>|> be considered muslim by all muslims. So the phenomenon you\'re attempting\n>|> to make into a general rule or psychology is a direct odds with basic\n>|> Islamic principles. If you want to attack Islam you could do better than\n>|> than to argue against something that Islam explicitly contradicts.\n>\n>Then Mr Mozumder is incorrect when he says that when committing\n>bad acts, people temporarily become atheists?\n>\n>jon.\n\nOf course B.M. is not incorrect.  He is defending Islam.  When defending\nIslam against infidels you can say anything and no one will dare criticize\nyou.  But when an atheist uses the same argument he is using "petty sarcasm".  So\nB.M. can have his "temporary atheists" whenever he needs them and all the\n"temporary atheists" can later say that they were always good Muslims because\nthey never explicitly rejected Islam.  \n\nTemporary atheism, temporary Islam, temporary marriage.  None of it sticks.  \nA teflon religion.  How convenient.  And so easy to clean up after.  But \nthen, what would you expect from a bunch of people who can\'t even agree on \nthe phases of the moon?\n\n\n',
  u"From: hollasch@kpc.com (Steve Hollasch)\nSubject: Re: Kubota Kenai/Denali specs\nSummary: Some clarifications\nOrganization: Kubota Pacific Computer, Inc.\nLines: 35\n\nlioness@maple.circa.ufl.edu:\n> Okay, I got enough replies about the Kubota Kenai/Denali systems that I\n> will post a summary of their capabilities.  [ ... ]\n> \n> GRAPHICS\n> \n> Transform Modules           1-6                     1-6\n> Frame Buffer Modules        5,10,20                 5,10,20\n> Frame Buffer                1280x1024x24bit         1280x1024x24bit\n>                             double buffered         double buffered\n> Z-buffer                    24-bit                  24-bit\n> Alpha/stencil               8-bit                   8-bit\n\npmartz@dsd.es.com (Paul Martz):\n| Does this mean they can either do alpha or stenciling, but not both\n| simultaneously?\n\nlioness@maple.circa.ufl.edu:\n> Stereo support              yes                     yes\n> Other:                      both machines will double buffer or do\n>                             stereo output per window.  Both have an\n>                             auxiliary video output that is RS-170A,\n>                             NTSC, and PAL\n\npmartz@dsd.es.com (Paul Martz):\n| Same question again, does this mean they can either do double\n| buffering or stereo, but not both simultaneously?\n\n    For both these questions, it's an inclusive or.  Alpha plus stencil is\nsupported (they're separate), as is double-buffered stereo.\n\n______________________________________________________________________________\nSteve Hollasch                                   Kubota Pacific Computer, Inc.\nhollasch@kpc.com                                 Santa Clara, California\n            --- Barbie had it right; math IS hard. ---\n",
  u"From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: That Kill by Sword, Must be Killed by Sword\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 18\n\nIn article <20APR199306173611@utarlg.uta.edu>, b645zaw@utarlg.uta.edu\n(stephen) wrote:\n> tional as that is for so many). One direct benefit is being able to \n> keep things in perspective, KS.\n> \n> Such as who hurts more -- the ones who died, or the loved ones who \n> are left? Besides the lessons. It's also time for many to grieve.\n> Including those who've lost their faith in others, or in God.\n> \n> I'm learning to be patient, and let things heal. God willing.\n\nChristians through ages have had to learn to be patient. I do think\nit's time to face the reality. The events during the last 52 two\ndays showed what the world is really like.\n\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n",
  u'From: wats@scicom.AlphaCDC.COM (Bruce Watson)\nSubject: Re: Why not give $1 billion to first year-long moon residents?\nOrganization: Alpha Science Computer Network, Denver, Co.\nLines: 5\n\nThe Apollo program cost something like $25 billion at a time when\nthe value of a dollar was worth more than it is now. No one would \ntake the offer.\n-- \nBruce Watson (wats@scicom.alphaCDC.COM) Bulletin 629-49 Item 6700 Extract 75,131\n',
  u'From: nfotis@ntua.gr (Nick C. Fotis)\nSubject: (27 Apr 93) Computer Graphics Resource Listing : WEEKLY [part 1/3]\nLines: 1594\nReply-To: nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr (Nick (Nikolaos) Fotis)\nOrganization: National Technical Univ. of Athens\n\nArchive-name: graphics/resources-list/part1\nLast-modified: 1993/04/27\n\n\nComputer Graphics Resource Listing : WEEKLY POSTING [ PART 1/3 ]\n===================================================\nLast Change : 27 April 1993\n\nMany FAQs, including this Listing, are available on the archive site\npit-manager.mit.edu (alias rtfm.mit.edu) [18.172.1.27] in the directory\npub/usenet/news.answers.  The name under which a FAQ is archived appears\nin the Archive-name line at the top of the article.\nThis FAQ is archived as graphics/resources-list/part[1-3]\n\nThere\'s a mail server on that machine. You send a e-mail message to\nmail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu  containing the keyword "help" (without\nquotes!) in the message body.\n\nYou can see in many other places for this Listing. See the item:\n\n0. Places to find the Resource Listing\n\nfor more information.\n\nItems Changed:\n--------------\n\nRE-ARRANGED the subjects, in order to fir better in the 63K/article limit.\nI PLAN ON CHANGING HEADERS SOON, SO BE CAREFUL! ONLY THE "Resource Listing"\nkeys are sure to remain in the Subject: line!\n\n3. Computer graphics FTP site list, by Eric Haines\n4. Mail servers and graphics-oriented BBSes\n9. Plotting packages\n\n[ I\'m thinking of making this post bi-weekly. What do you think??? ]\n\n--------------\n\nLines which got changed, have the `#\' character in front of them.\nAdded lines are prepended with a `+\'\nRemoved lines are just removed. Use \'diff\' to locate these changes.\n\n========================================================================\n\nThis text is (C)Copyright 1992, 1993 of Nikolaos C. Fotis. You can copy\nfreely this file, provided you keep this copyright notice intact.\n\nCompiled by Nikolaos (Nick) C. Fotis, e-mail: nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr\n\nPlease contact me for updates,corrections, etc.\n\nDisclaimer: I do not guarantee the accuracy of this document.\nUse it at your own risk.\n\n========================================================================\n\nThis is mainly a guide for computer graphics software.\nI would suggest reading the Comp. Graphics FAQ for image analysis stuff.\n\nIt\'s entitled: \n (date) comp.graphics Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\n\n John T. Grieggs <grieggs@jpl-devvax.jpl.nasa.gov> is the poster of the\n official comp.graphics FAQ\n\nI have included my comments within braces \'[\' and \']\'.\n\nNikolaos Fotis\n\n========================================================================\n\nContents of the Resource Listing\n================================\n\nPART1:\n------\n0. Places to find the Resource Listing\n1. ARCHIE\n2. Notes\n3. Computer graphics FTP site list, by Eric Haines\n4. Mail servers and graphics-oriented BBSes\n5. Ray-tracing/graphics-related mailing lists.\n6.  3D graphics editors\n   a. Public domain, free and shareware systems\n   b. Commercial systems\n7. Scene description languages\n8. Solids description formats\n\nPART2:\n------\n\n9. Plotting packages\n10. Image analysis software - Image processing and display\n\nPART3:\n------\n11. Scene generators/geographical data/Maps/Data files\n12. 3D scanners - Digitized 3D Data.\n13. Background imagery/textures/datafiles\n14. Introduction to rendering algorithms\n   a. Ray tracing\n   b. Z-buffer (depth-buffer)\n   c. Others\n15. Where can I find the geometric data for the:\n   a. Teapot ?\n   b. Space Shuttle ?\n16. Image annotation software\n17. Scientific visualization stuff\n18. Molecular visualization stuff\n19. GIS (Geographical Information Systems software)\n\nFuture additions:\n[Please send me updates/info!]\n\n========================================================================\n\n0. Places to find the Resource Listing\n======================================\n\nThis file is crossposted to comp.graphics, comp.answers and news.answers,\nso if you can\'t locate it in comp.graphics, you\'re advised to search in\ncomp.answers or news.answers\n(The latter groups usually are archived in your site. Contact your sysadmin\nfor more info).\n\nThese 3 articles are posted to comp.graphics 3-4 times a month and are kept in\nmany places (see below)\n\n--\n\nMany FAQs, including this one, are available on the archive site\npit-manager.mit.edu (alias rtfm.mit.edu) [18.172.1.27] in the directory\npub/usenet/news.answers.  The name under which a FAQ is archived appears\nin the Archive-name line at the top of the article.\nThis FAQ is archived as graphics/resources-list/part[1-3]\n\nThere\'s a mail server on that machine. You send a e-mail message to\nmail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu  containing: help in the Subject: field\n\n--\n\nThe inria-graphlib mail server mirrors this posting (see under the\nSubject 4: Mail servers )\n\n--\n\nThe Resource Listing is accesible through WAIS in the machine\nenuxva.eas.asu.edu (port 8000) under the name graphics-resources-list.\nIt\'s got a digest-type line before every numbered item for purposes of\nindexing.\n\n--\n\nAnother place that monitors the Listing is the MaasInfo files.\nFor more info contact Robert E. Maas <rem@btr.com>\n\n--\n\nYet another place to search for FAQs in general is the SWITCH\n(Swiss Academic and Research Network) system in Switzerland:\n\ninteractive:\n  telnet nic.switch.ch [130.59.1.40], login as "info". Move to the\n  info_service/Usenet/periodic-postings directory. Search in the\n  00index file by typing "/" and the word to look for.\n  You may then just read the FAQ in the "faqs" directory, or decide\n  to fetch it by one of the following methods.\n\nftp:\n  login to nic.switch.ch [130.59.1.40] as user anonymous and\n  enter your internet-style address after being prompted for a\n  password.\n\n\tcd info_service/Usenet/periodic-postings\n\nmail:\n  send e-mail to\n\nRFC-822:\n   archive-server@nic.switch.ch\nX.400:\n  /S=archive-server/OU=nic/O=switch/PRMD=switch/ADMD=arcom/C=ch/\n\nEnter \'help\' in the bodypart to receive instructions. No information\nis required in the subject header line.\n\n\n1. ARCHIE\n=========\n\nThe Archie is a service system to locate FTP places for\nrequested files. It\'s appreciated that you will use Archie\nbefore asking help in the newsgroups.\n\nArchie servers:\n  archie.au or 139.130.4.6             (Aussie/NZ)\n  archie.funet.fi or 128.214.6.100  (Finland/Eur.)\n  archie.th-darmstadt.de or 130.83.128.111  (GER.)\n  cs.huji.ac.il or 132.65.6.5             (Israel)\n  archie.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp or 130.54.20.1 (JAPAN)\n  archie.sogang.ac.kr or 163.239.1.11      (Korea)\n  archie.ncu.edu.tw or telnet 140.115.19.24  (TWN)\n  archie.doc.ic.ac.uk or 146.169.3.7  (UK/Ireland)\n  archie.sura.net or 128.167.254.179    (USA [MD])\n  archie.unl.edu (password: archie1)    (USA [NE])\n  archie.ans.net or 147.225.1.2         (USA [NY])\n  archie.rutgers.edu or 128.6.18.15     (USA [NJ])\n  archie.nz or 130.195.9.4           (New Zealand)\n\nConnect to Archie server with telnet and type "archie" as username.\nTo get help type \'help\'.\nYou can get \'xarchie\' or \'archie\', which are clients that call Archie\nwithout the burden of a telnet session.\n\'Xarchie\' is on the X11.R5 contrib tape, and \'archie\' on comp.sources.misc,\nvol. 27.\n\nTo get information on how to use Archie via e-mail, send mail with\nsubject "help" to "archie" account at any of above sites.\n\n(Note to Janet/PSS users -- the United Kingdom archie site is\naccessible on the Janet host doc.ic.ac.uk [000005102000].\nConnect to it and specify "archie" as the host name and "archie" as\nthe username.)\n\n==========================================================================\n\n2. Notes\n========\n(Excerpted from the FAQ article)\n\nPlease do *not* post or mail messages saying "I can\'t FTP, could\nsomeone mail this to me?"  There are a number of automated mail servers\nthat will send you things like this in response to a message.\n\nThere are a number of sites that archive the Usenet sources newsgroups\nand make them available via an email query system.  You send a message\nto an automated server saying something like "send comp.sources.unix/fbm",\nand a few hours or days later you get the file in the mail.\n\n==========================================================================\n\n3. Computer graphics FTP site list, by Eric Haines\n==================================================\n\nComputer graphics related FTP sites (and maintainers), 22/04/93\n\tcompiled by Eric Haines, erich@eye.com\n\tand Nick Fotis, nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr\n\nRay-tracers:\n------------\n\nRayShade - a great ray tracer for workstations on up, also for PC, Mac & Amiga.\nPoV - son and successor to DKB trace, written by Compuservers.\n\t(For more questions call Drew Wells --\n\t73767.1244@compuserve.com or Dave Buck -- david_buck@carleton.ca)\nART - ray tracer with a good range of surface types, part of VORT package.\nDKBtrace - another good ray tracer, from all reports; PCs, Mac II,\n\tAmiga, UNIX, VMS (last two with X11 previewer), etc.\nRTrace - Portugese ray tracer, does bicubic patches, CSG, 3D text, etc. etc.\n\tAn MS-DOS version for use with DJGPP DOS extender (GO32) exists also,\n\tas a Mac port.\nVIVID2 - A shareware raytracer for PCs - binary only (286/287).  Author:\n\tStephen Coy (coy@ssc-vax.boeing.com).  The 386/387 (no source) version\n\tis available to registered users (US$50) direct from the author.\nRAY4 - Steve Hollasch\'s 4-dimensional ray tracer - renders hyperspheres,\n\thypertetrahedra, hyperplanes, and hyperparallelepipeds (there\'s\n\ta separate real-time wireframe viewer written in GL called WIRE4 ) .\nMTV,QRT,DBW - yet more ray tracers, some with interesting features.\n\nDistributed/Parallel Raytracers:\n--------------------------------\n\nXDART - A distributed ray-tracer that runs under X11. There are server binaries\n\twhich work only on DECstations, SPARCs, HP Snakes (7x0 series) and NeXT.\n\tThe clients are distributed as binaries and C source.\nInetray - A network version of Rayshade 4.0.  Needs Sun RPC 4.0 or newer.\n\tContact Andreas Thurnherr (ant@ips.id.ethz.ch)\nprt, VM_pRAY - parallel ray tracers.\n\nVolume renderers:\n-----------------\n\nVREND - Cornell\'s Volume Renderer, from Kartch/Devine/Caffey/Warren (FORTRAN).\n\nRadiosity (and diffuse lighting) renderers:\n-------------------------------------------\n\nRadiance - a ray tracer w/radiosity effects, by Greg Ward.  Excellent shading\n\tmodels and physically based lighting simulation.  Unix/X based, though\n\thas been ported to the Amiga and the PC (386).\nINDIA - An Indian radiosity package based on Radiance.\nSGI_RAD - An interactive radiosity package that runs on SGI machines with a\n\tSpaceball. It includes a house database.\n\tAuthor: Guy Moreillon <moreillo@ligsg1.epfl.ch>\nRAD - a simple public-domain radiosity package in C. The solution can be run\n\tstand-alone on any Unix box, but the walk-through requires a SGI 4D.\n\tAuthor: Bernard Kwok <g-kwok@cs.yorku.ca>\n\nRenderers which are not raytracers, and graphics libraries:\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nSIPP - Scan line z-buffer and Phong shading renderer.\n\tNow uses the shadow buffer algorithm.\nTcl-SIPP - a Tcl command interface to the SIPP rendering\n\tprogram. Tcl-SIPP is a set of Tcl commands used to programmed\n\tSIPP without having to write and compile C code.\n\tCommands are used to specify surfaces, objects,\n\tscenes and rendering options.\n\tIt renders either in PPM format or in Utah Raster Toolkit RLE format\n\tor to the photo widget in the Tk-based X11 applications.\n\nVOGLE - graphics learning environment (device portable).\nVOGL - an SGI GL-like library based on VOGLE.\nREND386 - A *fast* polygon renderer for Intel 386s and up. Version 2 on up.\n\t[ It\'s not photorealistic, but rather a real-time renderer]\nXSHARP21 - Dr. Dobb\'s Journal PC renderer source code, with budget texture\n\tmapping.\n\nModellers, wireframe viewers:\n-----------------------------\n\nVISION-3D - Mac modeler, can output Radiance & Rayshade files.\nIRIT - A CSG solid modeler, with support for freeform surfaces.\nX3D - A wireframe viewer for X11.\n3DV - 3-D wireframe graphics toolkit, with C source, 3dv objects, other stuff\n\tLook at major PC archives like wuarchive. One such file is 3DKIT1.ZIP\nPV3D - a shareware front end modeler for POVRAY, still in beta test.\n  French docs for now, price for registering 250 French Francs. Save disabled.\n  Some extra utilities, DXF files for the registered version.\n\nGeometric viewers:\n------------------\n\nSALEM - A GL-based package from Dobkin et al. for exploring mathematical\n\tstructures.\nGEOMVIEW - A GL-based package for looking and interactively manipulating\n3D objects, from Geometry Center at Minnesota.\nXYZ GeoBench -(eXperimental geometrY Zurich) is a workbench for geometric\n\tcomputation for Macintosh computers.\nWIRE4 - GL wireframe previewer for Steve Hollasch\'s RAY4 (see above)\n\nData Formats and Data Sets for Ray Tracing:\n-------------------------------------------\n\nSPD - a set of procedural databases for testing ray tracers.\nNFF - simplistic file format used by SPD.\nOFF - another file format.\nP3D - a lispy file format.\nTDDD - Imagine (3D modeler) format, has converters for RayShade, NFF, OFF, etc.\n\tAlso includes a nice postscript object displayer.  Some GREAT models.\nTTDDDLIB - converts to/from TDDD/TTDDD, OFF, NFF, Rayshade 4.0, Imagine,\n\tand vort 3d objects. Also outputs Framemaker MIF files and isometric\n\tviews in Postscript. Registered users get a TeX PK font converter and\n\ta superquadric surfaces generator.\n\tGlenn Lewis <glewis@pcocd2.intel.com>\n\t[Note : TTDDDLIB is also known as T3DLIB]\nCHVRTD - Chapel Hill Volume Rendering Test Datasets, includes volume sets for\n\ttwo heads, a brain, a knee, electron density maps for RNA and others.\n\nWritten Material on Rendering:\n------------------------------\n\nRT News - collections of articles on ray tracing.\nRT bib - references to articles on ray tracing in "refer" format.\nRad bib - references to articles on radiosity (global illumination).\nSpeer RT bib - Rick Speer\'s cross-referenced RT bib, in postscript.\nRT abstracts - collection by Tom Wilson of abstracts of many RT articles.\nPaper bank project - various technical papers in electronic form.  Contact\n\tJuhana Kouhia <jk87377@cs.tut.fi>\nOnline Bibliography Project :\n        The ACM SIGGRAPH Online Bibliography Project is a database of \n        over 15,000 unique computer graphics and computational geometry\n        references in BibTeX format, available to the computer graphics\n        community as a research and educational resource.\n\n        The database is located at "siggraph.org".  Users may download \n        the BibTeX files via FTP and peruse them offline, or telnet to\n        "siggraph.org" and log in as "biblio" and interactively search\n        the database for entries of interest, by keyword.\n        For the people without Internet access, there\'s also an e-mail\n        server. Send mail to\n\n        archive-server@siggraph.org\n\n        and in the subject or the body of the message include the message  send\n        followed by the topic and subtopic you wish. A good place to start is\n        with the command\n             send index\n        which will give you an up-to-date list of available information.\n\n        Additions/corrections/suggestions may be directed to the admin,\n        "bibadmin@siggraph.org".\n\nImage Manipulation Libraries:\n-----------------------------\n\nUtah Raster Toolkit - nice image manipulation tools.\nPBMPLUS - a great package for image conversion and manipulation.\nLIBTIFF - library for reading/writing TIFF images.\nImageMagick - X11 package for display and interactive manipulation\n\tof images.  Uses its own format (MIFF), and includes some converters.\nxv - X-based image display, manipulation, and format converter.\nxloadimage, xli - displays various formats on an X11 screen.\nKhoros - a huge, excellent system for image processing, with a visual\n\tprogramming interface and much much more.  Uses X windows.\nFBM - another set of image manipulation tools, somewhat old now.\nImg - image manipulation, displays on X11 screen, a bit old now.\nxflick - Plays .FLI animation under X11\nXAnim - plays any resolution FLI along with GIF\'s(including GIF89a animation\n\textensions), DL\'s and Amiga IFF animations(3,5,J,l) and IFF\n\tpictures(including HAM,EHB and color cycling)\nSDSC - SDSC Image Tools package (San Diego Supercomputing Center)\n\tfor image manipulation and conversion\nCLRpaint - A 24-bit paint program for SGI 24bit workstations and 8bit Indigos.\n\nLibraries with code for graphics:\n---------------------------------\n\nGraphics Gems I,II,III - code from the ever so useful books.\nspline-patch.tar.Z - spline patch ray intersection routines by Sean Graves\nkaleido - Computation and 3D Display of Uniform Polyhedra. Mirrored in\n\twuarchive. This package computes (and displays) the metrical\n\tproperties of 75 polyhedra. Author: Dr. Zvi Har\'El,\n\te-mail: rl@gauss.technion.ac.il\n\n(*) means site is an "official" distributor, so is most up to date.\n\n\nNORTH AMERICA (please look for things on your own continent first...):\n-------------\n\nwuarchive.wustl.edu [128.252.135.4]:  /graphics/graphics - get CONTENTS file\n\tfor a roadmap.  /graphics/graphics/objects/TDDD - *the TTDDD objects\n\tand converters*, /mirrors/unix-c/graphics - Rayshade ray tracer, MTV\n\tray tracer, Vort ray tracer, FBM, PBMPLUS, popi, Utah raster toolkit.\n\t/mirrors/msdos/graphics - DKB ray tracer, FLI RayTracker demos.\n\t/pub/rad.tar.Z - *SGI_RAD*, /graphics/graphics/radiosity - Radiance\n\tand Indian radiosity package.  /msdos/ddjmag/ddj9209.zip - version 21\n\tof Xsharp, with fast texture mapping.  There\'s lots more, including\n\tbibs, Graphics Gems I & II code, OFF, RTN, Radiance, NFF, SIPP, spline\n\tpatch intersection routines, textbook errata, source code from Roy\n\tHall\'s book "Illumination and Color in Computer Generated Imagery", etc\n\tgraphics/graphics/packages/kaleido - *kaleido*\n\tGeorge Kyriazis <kyriazis@turing.cs.rpi.edu>\n\nprinceton.edu [128.112.128.1]:  /pub/Graphics (note capital "G") - *Rayshade\n\t4.0 ray tracer (and separate 387 executable)*, *color quantization\n\tcode*, *SPD*, *RT News*, *Wilson\'s RT abstracts*, "RT bib*, *Utah\n\tRaster Toolkit*, newer FBM, *Graphics Gems I, II & III code*.\n\t/pub/graphics directory - *SALEM* and other stuff.\n\tCraig Kolb <cek@princeton.edu>\n\t[replaces weedeater.math.yale.edu - note the capital "G" in\n\tpub/Graphics] Because there\'s a trouble with princeton\'s incoming\n\tarea, you can upload Rayshade-specific stuff to\n\tweedeater.math.yale.edu [128.36.23.17]\n\nalfred.ccs.carleton.ca [134.117.1.1]:  /pub/dkbtrace - *DKB ray tracer*,\n\t/pub/pov-ray/POV-Ray1.0 - *PVRay Compuserve group ray tracer (or PoV)*.\n\tDavid Buck <david_buck@carleton.ca>\n\navalon.chinalake.navy.mil [129.131.31.11]:  3D objects (multiple formats),\n\tutilities, file format documents.\n\tThis site was created to be a 3D object "repository" for the net.\n\tFrancisco X DeJesus <dejesus@archimedes.chinalake.navy.mil>\n\nomicron.cs.unc.edu [152.2.128.159]:  pub/softlab/CHVRTD - Chapel Hill\n\tVolume Rendering Test Datasets.\n\nftp.mv.com [192.80.84.1]: - Official DDJ FTP repository.\n\t*XSHARP*\n\npeipa.essex.ac.uk [155.245.115.161]: the Pilot European Image Processing\n\tArchive; in a directory ipa/synth or something like that, there are\n\timage synthesis packages.\n\tAdrian Clarke <alien@essex.ac.uk>\n\nbarkley.berkeley.edu [128.32.142.237] : tcl/extensions/tsipp3.0b.tar.Z -\n\t*Tcl-SIPP*\n\tMark Diekhans <markd@grizzly.com or markd@NeoSoft.com>\n\nacs.cps.msu.edu [35.8.56.90]: pub/sass - *X window fonts converter into\n\tRayshade 3.0 polygons*, Rayshade animation tool(s).\n\tRon Sass <sass@cps.msu.edu>\n\nhobbes.lbl.gov [128.3.12.38]: *Radiance* ray trace/radiosity package.\n\tGreg Ward <gjward@lbl.gov>\n\ngeom.umn.edu [128.101.25.31] : pub/geomview - *GEOMVIEW*\n\tContact (for GEOMVIEW): software@geom.umn.edu\n\nftp.arc.umn.edu [137.66.130.11] : pub/gvl.tar.Z - the latest version of Bob,\n\tIcol and Raz.  Source, a manual, man pages, and binaries for\n\tIRIX 4.0.5 are included (Bob is a real time volume renderer)\n\tpub/  contains also many volume datasets.\n\tKen Chin-Purcell <ken@ahpcrc.umn.edu>\n\nftp.kpc.com [144.52.120.9] : /pub/graphics/holl91 - Steve Hollasch\'s\n\tThesis, /pub/graphics/ray4 - *RAY4*, /pub/graphics/wire4 - *WIRE4*.\n\t/pub/mirror/avalon - mirror of avalon\'s 3D objects repository.\n\tSteve Hollasch <hollasch@kpc.com>\n\nswedishchef.lerc.nasa.gov [139.88.54.33] : programs/hollasch-4d - RAY4,\n\tSGI Explorer modules and Postscript manual, etc.\n\nzamenhof.cs.rice.edu [128.42.1.75] : pub/graphics.formats - Various electronic\n\tdocuments about many object and image formats.\n\tMark Hall <foo@cs.rice.edu>\n\twill apparently no longer be maintaining it, see ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu.\n\nrascal.ics.utexas.edu [128.83.144.1]:  /misc/mac/inqueue - VISION-3D facet\n\tbased modeller, can output RayShade and Radiance files.\n\nftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu [141.142.20.50] :  misc/file.formats/graphics.formats -\n\tcontains various image- and object-format descriptions.  Many SciVi\n\ttools in various directories, e.g.  SGI/Alpha-shape/Alvis-1.0.tar.Z -\n\t3D alpha-shape visualizer (SGI machines only),\n\tSGI/Polyview3.0/polyview.Z - interactive visualization and analysis of\n\t3D geometrical structures.\n\tQuincey Koziol <koziol@ncsa.uiuc.edu>\n\ntucana.noao.edu [140.252.1.1] : /iraf - the IRAF astronomy package\n\nftp.ipl.rpi.edu [128.113.14.50]:  sigma/erich - SPD images and Haines thesis\n\timages.  pub/images - various 24 and 8 bit image stills and sequences.\n\tKevin Martin <sigma@ipl.rpi.edu>\n\nftp.psc.edu [128.182.66.148]:  pub/p3d - p3d_2_0.tar P3D lispy scene\n\tlanguage & renderers.  Joel Welling <welling@seurat.psc.edu>\n\nftp.ee.lbl.gov [128.3.254.68]: *pbmplus.tar.Z*, RayShade data files.\n\tJef Poskanzer <jef@ace.ee.lbl.gov>\n\ngeorge.lbl.gov [128.3.196.93]: pub/ccs-lib/ccs.tar.Z - *CCS (Complex\n\tConversion System), a standard software interface for image processing*\n\nhanauma.stanford.edu [36.51.0.16]: /pub/graphics/Comp.graphics - best of\n\tcomp.graphics (very extensive), ray-tracers - DBW, MTV, QRT, and more.\n\tJoe Dellinger <joe@hanauma.stanford.edu>\n\nftp.uu.net [192.48.96.2]:  /graphics - *IRIT*, RT News back issues (not\n\tcomplete), NURBS models, other graphics related material.\n\t/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v?.tar.Z - Independent JPEG Group package for\n\treading and writing JPEG files.\n\nfreebie.engin.umich.edu [141.212.68.23]:  *Utah Raster Toolkit*,\n\tSpencer Thomas <thomas@eecs.umich.edu>\n\nexport.lcs.mit.edu [18.24.0.12] : /contrib - pbmplus, Image Magick, xloadimage,\n\txli, xv, Img, lots more.  /pub/R5untarred/mit/demos/gpc - NCGA Graphics\n\tPerformance Characterization (GPC) Suite.\n\nlife.pawl.rpi.edu [128.113.10.2]: /pub/ray - *Kyriazis stochastic Ray Tracer*.\n\tGeorge Kyriazis <kyriazis@turing.cs.rpi.edu>\n\ncs.utah.edu [128.110.4.21]: /pub - Utah raster toolkit, *NURBS databases*.\n\tJamie Painter <jamie@cs.utah.edu>\n\ngatekeeper.dec.com [16.1.0.2]:  /pub/DEC/off.tar.Z - *OFF models*,\n\tAlso GPC Benchmark files (planned, but not checked).\n\tRandi Rost <rost@kpc.com>\n\nhubcap.clemson.edu [130.127.8.1]:  /pub/amiga/incoming/imagine - stuff for the\n\tAmiga Imagine & Turbo Silver ray tracers.  /pub/amiga/TTDDDLIB -\n\t*TTDDDLIB* /pub/amiga/incoming/imagine/objects - MANY objects.\n\tGlenn Lewis <glewis@pcocd2.intel.com>\n\npprg.eece.unm.edu [129.24.24.10]:  /pub/khoros - *Khoros image processing\n\tpackage (huge, but great)*.\n\tDanielle Argiro <danielle@bullwinkle.unm.edu>\n\nexpo.lcs.mit.edu [18.30.0.212]:  contrib - *PBMPLUS portable bitmap package*,\n\t*poskbitmaptars bitmap collection*, *Raveling Img*, xloadimage.  Jef\n\tPoskanzer <jef@well.sf.ca.us>\n\nvenera.isi.edu [128.9.0.32]:  */pub/Img.tar.z and img.tar.z - some image\n\tmanipulation*, /pub/images - RGB separation photos.\n\tPaul Raveling <raveling@venera.isi.edu>\n\nucsd.edu [128.54.16.1]:  /graphics - utah rle toolkit, pbmplus, fbm,\n\tdatabases, MTV, DBW and other ray tracers, world map, other stuff.\n\tNot updated much recently.\n\ncastlab.engr.wisc.edu [128.104.52.10]:  /pub/x3d.2.2.tar.Z - *X3D*\n\t/pub/xdart.1.1.* - *XDART*\n\tMark Spychalla <spy@castlab.engr.wisc.edu>\n\nsgi.com [192.48.153.1]:  /graphics/tiff - TIFF 6.0 spec & *LIBTIFF* software\n\tand pics.  Also much SGI- and GL-related stuff (e.g. OpenGL manuals)\n\tSam Leffler <sam@sgi.com>\n\t[supercedes okeeffe.berkeley.edu for the LIBTIFF stuff]\n\nsurya.waterloo.edu [129.97.129.72]: /graphics - FBM, ray tracers\n\nftp.sdsc.edu [132.249.20.22]: /sdscpub - *SDSC*\n\nftp.brl.mil [128.63.16.158]: /brl-cad - information on how to get the\n\tBRL CAD package & ray tracer.  /images - various test images.\n\tA texture library has also begun here.\n\tLee A. Butler <butler@BRL.MIL>\n\ncicero.cs.umass.edu [128.119.40.189]:  /texture_temp - 512x512 grayscale\n\tBrodatz textures,\n\tfrom Julien Flack <julien@scs.leeds.ac.uk>.\n\nkarazm.math.uh.edu [129.7.7.6]:  pub/Graphics/rtabs.shar.12.90.Z - *Wilson\'s\n\tRT abstracts*, VM_pRAY.\n\tJ. Eric Townsend <jet@karazm.math.uh.edu or jet@nas.nasa.gov>\n\nftp.pitt.edu [130.49.253.1]:  /users/qralston/images - 24 bit image archive\n\t(small).  James Ralston Crawford <qralston@gl.pitt.edu>\n\nftp.tc.cornell.edu [128.84.201.1]: /pub/vis - *VREND*\n\nsunee.waterloo.edu [129.97.50.50]: /pub/raytracers - vivid, *REND386*\n\t[or sunee.uwaterloo.ca]\n\narchive.umich.edu [141.211.164.153]: /msdos/graphics - PC graphics stuff.\n\t/msdos/graphics/raytrace - VIVID2.\n\napple.apple.com [130.43.2.2?]:  /pub/ArchiveVol2/prt.\n\nresearch.att.com [192.20.225.2]: /netlib/graphics - *SPD package*, ~/polyhedra -\n\t*polyhedra databases*.  (If you don\'t have FTP, use the netlib\n\tautomatic mail replier:  UUCP - research!netlib, Internet -\n\tnetlib@ornl.gov.  Send one line message "send index" for more info,\n\t"send haines from graphics" to get the SPD)\n\nsiggraph.org [128.248.245.250]: SIGGRAPH archive site.\n\tpublications - *Online Bibliography Project*, Conference proceedings\n\tin various electronic formats (papers, panels), SIGGRAPH Video Review\n\tinformation and order forms.\n\tOther stuff in various directories.\n\tAutomatic mailer is archive-server@siggraph.org ("send index").\n\nftp.cs.unc.edu [128.109.136.159]: pub/reaction_diffusion - Greg Turk\'s work on\n\treaction-diffusion textures, X windows code (SIGGRAPH \'91)\n\navs.ncsc.org [128.109.178.23]:  ~ftp/VolVis92 - Volume datasets from the\n\tBoston Workshop on Volume Visualization \'92.  This site is also the\n\tInternational AVS Center.\n\tTerry Myerson <tvv@ncsc.org>\n\nuvacs.cs.virginia.edu [128.143.8.100]:  pub/suit/demo/{sparc,dec,etc} - SUIT\n\t(Simple User Interface Toolkit).  "finger suit@uvacs.cs.virginia.edu"\n\tto get detailed instructions.\n\nnexus.yorku.ca [130.63.9.66]: /pub/reports/Radiosity_code.tar.Z - *RAD*\n\t/pub/reports/Radiosity_thesis.ps.Z - *RAD MSc. Thesis*\n\t[This site will be changed to ftp.yorku.ca in the near future]\n\nmilton.u.washington.edu [128.95.136.1] - ~ftp/public/veos - VEOS Virtual\n\tReality and distributed applications prototyping environment\n\tfor Unix. Veos Software Support : veos-support@hitl.washington.edu\n        oldpublic/fly - FLY! 3D Visualization Software demo.\n        That package is built for "fly-throughs" from various datasets in\n        near real-time. There are binaries for many platforms.\n\tAlso, much other Virtual Reality stuff.\n\nzug.csmil.umich.edu [141.211.184.2]: X-Xpecs 3D files (an LCD glass shutter\n\tfor Amiga computers - great for VR stuff!)\n\nsugrfx.acs.syr.edu [128.230.24.1]: Various stereo-pair images.\n[ Has closed down :-( ]\n\nsunsite.unc.edu [152.2.22.81]: /pub/academic/computer-science/virtual-reality -\n\tFinal copy of the sugrfx.acs.syr.edu archive that ceased to exist.\n\tIt contains Powerglove code, VR papers, 3D images and IRC research\n\tmaterial.\n\tJonathan Magid <jem@sunSITE.unc.edu>\n\narchive.cis.ohio-state.edu [128.146.8.52]: pub/siggraph92 - Code for\n\tSiggraph \'92 Course 23 (Procedural Modeling and Rendering Techniques)\n\tDr. David S. Ebert <ebert@cis.ohio-state.edu>\n\nlyapunov.ucsd.edu [132.239.86.10]: This machine is considered the\n\trepository for preprints and programs for nonlinear dynamics,\n\tsignal processing, and related subjects  (and fractals, of course!)\n\tMatt Kennel <mbk@inls1.ucsd.edu>\n\ncod.nosc.mil [128.49.16.5]: /pub/grid.{ps,tex,ascii} - a short survey of\n\tmethods to interpolate and contour bivariate data\n\nics.uci.edu [128.195.1.1]: /honig --- Various stereo-pair images,\n\tmovie.c - animates a movie on an X display (8-bit and mono) with\n\tdigital subtraction.\n\ntaurus.cs.nps.navy.mil [131.120.1.13]: pub/dabro/cyberware_demo.tar.Z - Human\n\thead data\n\npioneer.unm.edu [129.24.9.217]:  pub/texture_maps - Hans du Buf\'s grayscale\n\ttest textures (aerial swatches, Brodatz textures, synthetic swatches).\n\tSpace & planetary image repository.  Provides access to >150 CD-ROMS\n\twith data/images (3 on-line at a time).\n        pub/info/beginner-info - here you should start browsing.\n        Colby Kraybill <opus@pioneer.unm.edu>.\n\ncs.brown.edu [128.148.33.66] : *SRGP/SPHIGS* . For more info on SRGP/SPHIGS:\n         mail -s \'software-distribution\' graphtext@cs.brown.edu\n\npdb.pdb.bnl.gov [130.199.144.1] has data about various organic molecules,\n       bonds between the different atoms, etc.\n       Atomic coordinates (and a load of other stuff) are contained in the\n       "*.ent" files, but the actual atomic dimemsions seem to be missing.\n       You could convert these data to PoV, rayshade, etc.\n\nbiome.bio.ns.ca [142.2.20.2] : /pub/art - some Renoir paintings,\n        Escher\'s pictures, etc.\n\nic16.ee.umanitoba.ca [] : /specmark - sample set of images from the\n        `Images from the Edge\' CD-ROM (images of atomic landscapes, advanced\n        semiconductors, superconductors and experimental surface\n        chemistry among others). Contact ruskin@ee.umanitoba.ca\n\nexplorer.dgp.toronto.edu [128.100.1.129] : pub/sgi/clrpaint - *CLRpaint*\n        pub/sgi/clrview.* - CLRview, a tool that aids in visualization\n        of GIS datasets in may formats like DXF, DEM, Arc/Info, etc.\n\names.arc.nasa.gov [128.102.18.3]: pub/SPACE/CDROM - images from Magellan\n        and Viking missions etc. Get pub/SPACE/Index first.\n        pub/SPACELINK has most of the SpaceLink service data (see below)\n        e-mail server available: send mail to archive-server@ames.arc.nasa.gov\n        (or ames!archive-server) with subject:"help"\n        or "send SPACE Index" (without the quotes!)\n        Peter Yee <yee@ames.arc.nasa.gov>\n\npubinfo.jpl.nasa.gov [128.149.6.2]: images, other data, etc. from JPL\n        missions. Modem access at (818)-354-1333 (no parity, 8 data bits, 1\n        stop bit).\n        newsdesk@jplpost.jpl.nasa.gov or phone (818)-354-7170\n\nspacelink.msfc.nasa.gov [128.158.13.250] (passwd:guest) : space graphics\n        and GIF images from NASA\'s planetary probes and the Hubble Telescope.\n        Main function is support for teachers (you can telnet also to this\n        site). Dial up access: (205)-895-0028 (300/1200/2400/9600(V.32) baud,\n        8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit).\n\nstsci.edu [130.167.1.2] : Hubble Space Telescope stuff (images and other\n        data). Read the README first!\n        Pete Reppert <reppert@stsci.edu> or Chris O\'Dea <odea@stsci.edu>\n\npit-manager.mit.edu [18.172.1.27]:  /pub/usenet/news.answers - the land of\n\tFAQs.  graphics and pictures directories of particular interest.\n\t[Also available from mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu by sending a mail\n\tmessage containing: help]\n\nUUCP archive: avatar - RT News back issues.  For details, write Kory Hamzeh\n\t<kory@avatar.avatar.com>\n\n\nEUROPE:\n-------\n\nnic.funet.fi [128.214.6.100]:  *pub/sci/papers - *Paper bank project,\n\tincluding Pete Shirley\'s entire thesis (with pics)*, *Wilson\'s RT\n\tabstracts*, pub/misc/CIA_WorldMap - CIA world data bank,\n\tcomp.graphics.research archive, *India*, and much, much more.\n\tJuhana Kouhia <jk87377@cs.tut.fi>\n\ndasun2.epfl.ch [128.178.62.2]:  Radiance. Good for European sites, but\n\tdoesn\'t carry the add-ons that are available for Radiance.\n\nisy.liu.se [130.236.1.3]:  pub/sipp/sipp-3.0.tar.Z - *SIPP* scan line z-buffer\n\tand Phong shading renderer.  Jonas Yngvesson <jonas-y@isy.liu.se>\n\nirisa.fr [131.254.2.3]:  */iPSC2/VM_pRAY ray tracer*, SPD, /NFF - many non-SPD\n\tNFF format scenes, RayShade data files.  Didier Badouel\n\t<badouel@irisa.irisa.fr> [may have disappeared]\n\nphoenix.oulu.fi [130.231.240.17]:  *FLI RayTracker animation files (PC VGA) -\n\talso big .FLIs (640*480)* *RayScene demos* [Americans:  check wuarchive\n\tfirst].  More animations to come.  Jari Kahkonen\n\t<hole@phoenix.oulu.fi>\n\njyu.fi [128.214.7.5]: /pub/graphics/ray-traces - many ray tracers, including\n\tVM_pRAY, DBW, DKB, MTV, QRT, RayShade, some RT News, NFF files.  Jari\n\tToivanen <toivanen@jyu.fi>\n\ngarbo.uwasa.fi [128.214.87.1]:  Much PC stuff, etc., /pc/source/contour.f -\n\tFORTRAN program to contour scattered data using linear triangle-based\n\tinterpolation\n\nasterix.inescn.pt [192.35.246.17]:  pub/RTrace - *RTrace* nffutils.tar.Z (NFF\n\tutilities for RTrace), medical data (CAT, etc.)  converters to NFF,\n\tAutocad to NFF Autolisp code, AUTOCAD 11 to SCN (RTrace\'s language)\n\tconverter and other goodies.  Antonio Costa (acc@asterix.inescn.pt)\n\nvega.hut.fi [128.214.3.82]: /graphics - RTN archive, ray tracers (MTV, QRT,\n\tothers), NFF, some models.\n[ It was shut down months ago , check under nic.funet.fi -- nfotis ]\n\nsun4nl.nluug.nl [192.16.202.2]: /pub/graphics/raytrace - DBW.microray, MTV, etc\n\nunix.hensa.ac.uk [] : misc/unix/ralcgm/ralcgm.tar.Z - CGM viewer and\n        converter.\n        There\'s an e-mail server also - mail to archive@unix.hensa.ac.uk\n        with the message body "send misc/unix/ralcgm/ralcgm.tar.Z"\n\nmaeglin.mt.luth.se [130.240.0.25]:  graphics/raytracing - prt, others, ~/Doc -\n\t*Wilson\'s RT abstracts*, Vivid.\n\nftp.fu-berlin.de [130.20.225.2]:  /pub/unix/graphics/rayshade4.0/inputs -\n\taq.tar.Z is RayShade aquarium [Americans:  check princeton.edu first).\n\tHeiko Schlichting <heiko@math.fu-berlin.de>\n\nmaggia.ethz.ch [129.132.17.1]: pub/inetray - *Inetray* and Sun RPC 4.0 code\n\tAndreas Thurnherr <ant@ips.id.ethz.ch>\n\nosgiliath.id.dth.dk [129.142.65.24]:  /pub/amiga/graphics/Radiance - *Amiga\n\tport of Radiance 2.0*.  Per Bojsen <bojsen@ithil.id.dth.dk>\n\nftp.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de [134.106.1.9] : *PoV raytracer*\n        Mirrored in wuarchive, has many goods for PoV.\n\tpub/dkbtrace/incoming/polyray - Polyray raytracer\n        pub/dkbtrace/incoming/pv3d* - *PV3D*\n\nftp.uni-kl.de [131.246.9.95]: /pub/amiga/raytracing/imagine - mirror of\n\tthe hubcap Imagine files.\n\nneptune.inf.ethz.ch [129.132.101.33]: XYZ - *XYZ GeoBench*\n\tPeter Schorn <schorn@inf.ethz.ch>\n\niamsun.unibe.ch [130.92.64.10]: /Graphics/graphtal* - a L-system interpreter.\n\tChristoph Streit <streit@iam.unibe.ch>\n\namiga.physik.unizh.ch [130.60.80.80]: /amiga/gfx - Graphics stuff\n\tfor the Amiga computer.\n\nstesis.hq.eso.org [134.171.8.100]: on-line access to a huge astronomical\n        database. (login:starcat;no passwd)\n        DECnet:STESIS (It\'s the Space Telescope European Coordination Facility)\n        Benoit Pirenne <bpirenne@eso.org>, phone +49 89 320 06 433\n\n\nMIDDLE EAST\n-----------\n\ngauss.technion.ac.il [132.68.112.60]: *kaleida*\n\n\nAUSTRALIA:\n----------\n\ngondwana.ecr.mu.oz.au [128.250.70.62]: pub - *VORT(ART) ray tracer*, *VOGLE*,\n\tWilson\'s ray tracing abstracts, /pub/contrib/artscenes (ART scenes from\n\tItaly), pub/images/haines - Haines thesis images, Graphics Gems code,\n\tSPD, NFF & OFF databases, NFF and OFF previewers, plus some 8- and\n\t24bit images and lots of other stuff.  pub/rad.tar.Z - *SGI_RAD*\n\tBernie Kirby <bernie@ecr.mu.oz.au>\n\nmunnari.oz.au [128.250.1.21]:  pub/graphics/vort.tar.Z - *VORT (ART) 2.1 CSG and\n\talgebraic surface ray tracer*, *VOGLE*, /pub - DBW, pbmplus.  /graphics\n\t- room.tar.Z (ART scenes from Italy).\n\tDavid Hook <dgh@munnari.oz.au>\n\nmarsh.cs.curtin.edu.au [134.7.1.1]: pub/graphics/bibliography/Facial_Animation,\n\tpub/graphics/bibliography/Morph, pub/graphics/bibliography/UI -\n\tstuff about Facial animation, Morphing and User Interfaces.\n\tpub/fascia - Fred Parke\'s fascia program.\n\tValerie Hall <val@lillee.cs.curtin.edu.au>\n\n\nOCEANIA - ASIA:\n---------------\n\n#ccu1.auckland.ac.nz [130.216.3.1]:  ftp/mac/architec - *VISION-3D facet\n\tbased modeller, can output RayShade files*.  Many other neat things\n#\tfor Macs.  Paul Bourke <pdbourke@ccu1.auckland.ac.nz>\n+[ For users outside NZ - go to wuarchive.wustl.edu, directory\n+  /mirrors/architec ]\n\nscslwide.sony.co.jp [133.138.199.1]:  ftp2/SGI/Facial-Animation - Steve Franks\n\tsite for facial animation.\n \tSteve Franks <stevef@csl.sony.co.jp OR stevef@cs.umr.edu>\n\n\n4. Mail servers and graphics-oriented BBSes\n===========================================\n\nPlease check first with the FTP places above, with archie\'s help.\nDon\'t overuse mail servers.\n\nThere are some troubles with wrong return addresses. Many of these\nmail servers have a command like\n   path a_valid_return_e-mail_address\nto get a hint for sending back to you stuff.\n\nDEC\'s FTPMAIL\n-------------\n  Send a one-line message to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com WITHOUT a Subject: field,\n  and having a line containing the word \'help\'.\n  You should get back a message detailing the relevant procedures you\n  must follow in order to get the files you want.\n\n  Note that the "reply" or "answer" command in your mailer will not work\n  for this message or any other mail you receive from FTPMAIL.  To send\n  requests to FTPMAIL, send an original mail message, not a reply.\n  Complaints should be sent to the ftpmail-request@uucp-gw-2.pa.dec.com\n  address rather than to postmaster, since DECWRL\'s postmaster is not\n  responsible for fixing ftpmail problems.\n\nBITFTP\n------\n  For BITNET sites ONLY, there\'s BITFTP@PUCC.\n  Send a one-line \'help\' message to this address for more info.\n\n\n+RED\n+---\n+  RED - Listserv Redirector is essentially a mail server.\n+  The Server Sites that are available are:\n+\n+  Location        EARN/BITNET          Internet\n+  --------------  ----------------     -------------------\n+  In Turkey:      TRICKLE@TREARN       TRICKLE@EGE.EDU.TR\n+  In Denmark:     TRICKLE@DKTC11\n+  In Italy:       TRICKLE@IMIPOLI\n+  In Belgium:     TRICKLE@BANUFS11     TRICKLE@UFSIA.AC.BE\n+  In Austria:     TRICKLE@AWIWUW11\n+  In Germany:     TRICKLE@DS0RUS1I     TRICKLE@RUSVM1.RUS.UNI-STUTTGART.DE\n+  In Israel:      TRICKLE@TAUNIVM      TRICKLE@VM.TAU.AC.IL\n+  In Netherlands: TRICKLE@HEARN        TRICKLE@HEARN.NIC.SURFNET.NL\n+  In France:      TRICKLE@FRMOP11      TRICKLE@FRMOP11.CNUSC.FR\n+  In Colombia:    TRICKLE@UNALCOL      TRICKLE@UNALCOL.UNAL.EDU.CO\n+  In Taiwan:      TRICKLE@TWNMOE10     TRICKLE@TWNMOE10.EDU.TW\n+\n+  You are  urged to use the  one that is closer  to your location.\n+  Send a message to one of these containing the body\n+\n+  /HELP\n+\n+  and you\'ll get more instructions.\n\n\nLightwave 3D mail based file-server\n-----------------------------------\n  A mail based file server for 3D objects, 24bit JPEG images, GIF images\n  and image maps is now online for all those with Internet mail access.\n  The server is the official archive site for the Lightwave 3D mail-list\n  and contains many PD and Shareware graphics utilities for\n  several computer platforms including Amiga, Atari, IBM and Macintosh.\n\n  The server resides on a BBS called "The Graphics BBS".  The BBS is\n  operational 24 hours a day 7 days a week at the phone number of +1\n  908/469-0049.  It has upgraded its modem to a Hayes Ultra 144\n  V.32bis/V.42bis, which has speeds from 300bps up to 38,400bps.\n\n  If you would like to submit objects, scenes or images to the server,\n  please pack, uuencode and then mail the files to the address:\n  server@bobsbox.rent.com.\n\n  For information on obtaining files from the server send a mail message\n  to the address file-server@graphics.rent.com with the following in\n  the body of the message:\n    HELP\n    /DIR\n  And a help file describing how to use the server and a complete\n  directory listing will be sent to you via mail.\n\n[ Now it includes the Cyberware head and shouders in TTDDD format! Check it\n out, only if you can\'t use FTP! -- nfotis ]\n\nINRIA-GRAPHLIB\n--------------\n  Pierre Jancene and Sabine Coquillart launched the inria-graphlib mail\n  server a few months ago.\n\n    echo help | mail inria-graphlib@inria.fr\n\n  will give you a quick summary of what inria-graphlib contains and \n  how to browse among its files.\n\n    echo send contents | mail inria-graphlib@inria.fr\n\n  will return the extended summary.\n\n  As an other example :\n\n    echo send cgrl from Misc | mail inria-graphlib@inria.fr\n\n  will return the Computer Graphics Resource Listing mirrored from\n  comp.graphics.\n\nBBSes\n-----\n  There are many BBSes that store datafiles, etc.etc., but a guide to these\n  is beyond the scope of this Listing (and the resources of the author!)\n  If you can point to me Internet- or mail- accessible BBSes that carry\n  interesting stuff, send me info!\n\n\n  Studio Amiga is a 3D modelling and ray tracing specific BBS, (817) 467-3658.\n  24 hours, 105 Meg online.\n--\nFrom Jeff Walkup <pwappy@well.sf.ca.us>:\n  "The Castle" 415/355-2396 (14.4K/v.32bis/v.42/v.42bis/MNP)\n  (In Pacifica, dang close to San Francisco, California, USA)\n  The new-user password is: "TAO".\n  \n  [J]oin base #2; The Castle G/FX, Anim, Video, 3D S.I.G., of which\n  I am the SIG-Op, "Lazerus".\n--\n  Bob Lindabury operates a BBS (see above the entry for "The Graphics BBS")\n--\n\'You Can Call Me Ray\' ray tracing related BBS in Chicago suburbs (708-358-5611)\n or (708-358-8721)\n--\n  Digital Pixel (Sysop: Mark Ng <mcng@descartes.waterloo.edu>) is based at\n  Toronto, Ontario, Canada.\n \n  Phone : (416) 298 1487\n  Storage space: 330 megs\n  Modem type:  14.4k baud,16.8k (Zyxel) , v32bis ,v32, mnp 5\n\n  Access Fee: none.. (free)\n  System supported : DOS, OS/2, Amiga, Mac.  \n  Netmail:     Currently no echo mail.\n  Topics:      Raytracing, Fractals, Graphics programming, CAD, Any Comp.\n               Graphics related  \n\n--\nFrom: David Tiberio <dtiberio@ic.sunysb.edu>\n\n  Amiga Graphics BBS (516) 473-6351 in Long Island, New York,\n  running 24 hours at 14.4k v.32bis, with 157 megs on line.\n  We also subscribe to 9 mailing lists, of which 5 originate\n  from our BBS, with 3 more to be added soon. These include:\n\n  Lightwave, Imagine, Real 3D (ray tracing)\n\n  Database files include:\n  Imagine 3D objects, 3D renderings, scalable fonts, music\n  modules, sound samples, demos, animations, utilities,\n  text databases, and pending Lightwave 3D objects.\n--\nThe Graphics Alternative\n\n The Graphics Alternative is in El Cerrito, CA., running 24 hours a\n day at 14.4k HST/v.32bis, with 642MB online and a 1300+ user base.\n TGA runs two nodes, node 1 (510) 524-2780 is for public access and\n includes a free 90 day trial subscription.  TGA is the West Coast\n Host for PCGnet, The Profesional CAD and Graphics Network, supporting\n nodes across the Continental U.S., Alaska, New Zealand, Australia,\n France and the UK.\n \n TGA\'s file database includes MS-DOS executables for POV, Vivid,\n RTrace, Rayshade, Polyray, and others.  TGA also has numerous\n graphics utilities, viewers, and conversion utilities.  Registered\n Vivid users can also download the latest Vivid aeta code from a\n special Vivid conference.\n\n--\nFrom: Scott Bethke <sbathkey@access.digex.com>\n\nThe Intersection BBS, 410-250-7149.\n\n  This BBS Is dedicated to supporting 3D Animators.The system is provided\n  FREE OF CHARGE, and is NOT Commercialized in ANYWAY.\n  Users are given FULL Access on the first call.\n\nFeatures: Usenet NEWS & Internet Mail, Fidonet Echo\'s & Netmail,\n\t200 Megs online, V.32bis/V.42bis Modem.\n\nPlatforms of interest: Amiga & The VideoToaster, Macintosh, Ms-Dos,\n\tUnix Workstations (Sun, SGI, etc), Atari-ST.\n--\nFrom: Alfonso Hermida <afanh@robots.gsfc.nasa.gov>:\n\n Pi Square BBS (301)725-9080 in Maryland. It supports raytracers such as POV\n and VIVID. The BBS runs off a 486/33Mhz, 100Megs hard drive and CD ROM.\n Now it runs on 1200-2400bps (this will change soon)\n\n Topics: graphics programming, animation,raytracing,programming (general)\n--\nFrom: Lynn Falkow <ROXXIE@delphi.com>:\n\n  Vertech Design\'s GRAPHIC CONNECTION. (503) 591-8412 in Portland, Oregon.\n  V.32/V.42bis.\n\n  The BBS, aside from carrying typical BBS services like message bases\n  ( all topic specific ) and files ( CAD and graphics related -- hundreds\n  of megabytes ), also offers material texture files that are full color,\n  seamlessly tiling, photo-realistic images.  There are samples available\n  to first time callers.  The BBS is a subscription system although callers\n  have 2 hours before they must subscribe, and there are several subscription\n  rates available.   People interested in materials can subscribe to the\n  library in addition to a basic subscription rate, and can use their\n  purchased time to download whichever materials they wish.\n\n==========================================================================\n\n5. Ray-tracing/graphics-related mailing lists\n=============================================\n\nImagine\n-------\n  Modeling and animation system for the Amiga:\n  send subscription requests to Imagine-request@email.sp.paramax.com\n  send material to Imagine@email.sp.paramax.com\n  (Dave Wickard has substituted Steve Worley in the maintenance of\n  the mailing list) - PLEASE note that the unisys.com address is\n  NO longer valid!!!\n\nLightwave\n---------\n  (for the Amiga. It\'s part of Newtek\'s Video Toaster):\n  send subscription requests to lightwave-request@bobsbox.rent.com\n  send material to lightwave@bobsbox.rent.com\n  (Bob Lindabury)\n\nToaster\n-------\n  send subscription requests to listserv@karazm.math.uh.edu with a *body* of:\n     subscribe toaster-list\n\nReal 3D\n-------\n  Another modeling and animation system for the Amiga:\n  To subscribe, send a mail containing the body\n\n  subscribe real3d-l <Your full name>\n\n  to listserv@gu.uwa.edu.au\n\nRayshade\n--------\n  send subscription requests to rayshade-request@cs.princeton.edu\n  send material to rayshade-users@cs.princeton.edu\n  (Craig Kolb)\n\nAlladin 4D for the Amiga\n----------\n  send subscription requests to subscribe@xamiga.linet.org\n\n  and in the body of the message write\n\n  #Alladin 4D username@domain\n\nRadiance\n--------\n  Greg Ward, the author, sends to registered (via e-mail) users digests of\n  his correspodence with them, notes about fixes, updates, etc.\n  His address is: gjward@lbl.gov\n\nREND386\n-------\n  send subscription requests to rend386-request@sunee.waterloo.edu\n  send material to rend386@sunee.waterloo.edu\n\nPoV ray / DKB raytracers\n------------------------\n  To subscribe, send a mail containing the body\n\n  subscribe dkb-l <Your full name>\n\n  to listserv@trearn.bitnet\n\n  send material to dkb-l@trearn.bitnet\n\nMailing List for Massively Parallel Rendering\n---------------------------------------------\n  send subscription requests to mp-render-request@icase.edu\n  send material to mp-render@icase.edu\n\n==========================================================================\n\n6. 3D graphics editors\n======================\n\na. Public domain, free and shareware systems\n============================================\n\nVISION-3D\n---------\n  Mac-based program written by Paul D. Bourke (pdbourke@ccu1.aukland.ac.nz).\n  The program can be used to generate models directly in the RayShade\n  and Radiance file formats (polygons only).\n  It\'s shareware and listed on the FTP list.\n\nBRL\n---\n  A solid modeling system for most environments -- including SGI and X11.\n  It has CSG and NURBS, plus support for Non-Manifold Geometry\n  [Whatever it is].\n\n  You can get it *free* via FTP by signing and returning the relevant license,\n  found on ftp.brl.mil. Uses ray-tracing for engineering analyses.\n\n  Contact:\n\n  Ms. Carla Moyer\n  (410)-273-7794 tel.\n  (410)-272-6763 FAX\n  cad-dist@brl.mil E-mail\n\n  Snail mail:\n\n  BRL-CAD Distribution\n  SURVIAC Aberdeen Satellite Office 1003\n  Old Philadelphia Road,\n  Suite 103 Aberdeen\n  MD  21001  USA\n\nIRIT\n----\n  A constructive solid geometry (CSG) modeling program for PC and X11.\n  Includes freeform surface support. Free - see FTP list for where to\n  find it.\n\nSurfModel\n---------\n  A solid modeling program for PC written in Turbo Pascal 6.0 by\n  Ken Van Camp. Available from SIMTEL, pd1:<msdos.srfmodl> directory.\n\nNOODLES\n-------\n   From CMU, namely Fritz Printz and Levent Gursoz (elg@styx.edrc.cmu.edu).\n   It\'s based on Non Manifold Topology.\n   Ask them for more info, I don\'t know if they give it away.\n\nXYZ2\n----\n  XYZ2 is an interactive 3-D editor/builder written by Dale P. Stocker to\n  create objects for the SurfaceModel, Automove, and DKB raytracer packages.\n  XYZ2 is free and can be found, for example, in SIMTEL20 as\n  <MSDOS.SURFMODL>XYZ21.ZIP (DOS only??)\n\n3DMOD\n-----\n  It\'s an MSDOS program. Check at barnacle.erc.clarkson.edu [128.153.28.12],\n  /pub/msdos/graphics/3dmod.* . Undocumented file format :-(\n  3DMOD is (C) 1991 by Micah Silverman, 25 Pierrepoint Ave., Postdam,\n  New York 13676, tel. 315-265-7140\n\nNORTHCAD\n--------\n  Shareware, <MSDOS.CAD>NCAD3D42.ZIP in SIMTEL20. Undocumented file format :-(\n\nVertex\n------\n  (Amiga)\n  Shareware, send $40 US (check or money order) to:\n\n  The Art Machine, 4189 Nickolas\n  Sterling Heights, MI  48310\n  USA\n\n  In addition to the now standard file formats, including Lightwave,\n  Imagine, Sculpt, Turbo Silver, GEO and Wavefront, this release offers\n  3D Professional and RayShade support. (Rayshade is supported only by\n  the primitive "triangle", but you can easily include this output in\n  your RayShade scripts)\n\n  The latest demo, version 1.62, is available on Fred Fish #727.\n\n  For more information, contact the author, Alex Deburie, at:\n\n  ad99s461@sycom.mi.org, Phone: (313) 939-2513\n  \n\nICoons\n------\n  (Amiga)\n  It\'s a spline based object modeller ("ICoons" = Interactive \n  COONS path editor) in amiga.physik.unizh.ch (gfx/3d/ICoons1.0.lzh).\n  It\'s free (under the GNU Licence) and requires FPU.\n\n  The program has a look&feel which is a cross between Journeyman and\n  Imagine, and it generates objects in TTDDD format.\n\n  It is possible to load Journeyman objects into ICoons, so the program\n  can be used to convert JMan objects to Imagine format.\n\n  Author: Helge E. Rasmussen <her@compel.dk>\n  PHONE + 45 36 72 33 00, FAX   + 45 36 72 43 00\n\n[ It\'s also on Fred Fish disk series n.775 - nfotis ]\n\n\nProtoCAD 3D\n-----------\n Ver 1.1 from Trius (shareware?)\n\n It\'s at wsmr-simtel20.army.mil and oak.oakland.edu as PCAD3D.ZIP (for PCs)\n\n It has this menu layout:\n\n         FILE       File handling (Load, Save, Import, Xport...)\n         DRAW       Draw 2D objects (Line, Circle, Box...)\n         3D         Draw 3D objects (Mesh, Sphere, Block...)\n         EDIT       Editing features (Copy, Move ...)\n         SURFACE    Modify objects (Revolve, Xtrude, Sweep...)\n         IMAGE      Image zooming features (Update, Window, Half...)\n         OPTION     Global defaults (Grid, Toggles, Axis...)\n         PLOT       Print drawing/picture (Go, Image...)\n         RENDER     Shade objects (Frame, Lighting, Tune...)\n         LAYER      Layer options (Select active layer, set Colors...)\n\nSculptura\n---------\n  Runs under Windows 3.1, and outputs PoV files. A demo can be found\n  on wuarchive.wustl.edu in mirrors/win3/demo/demo3d.zip\n\n  Author: Michael Gibson <gibsonm@stein.u.washington.edu>\n\n\nb. Commercial systems\n=====================\n\nAlpha_1\n-------\n  A spline-based modeling program written in University of Utah.\n  Features: splines up to trimmed NURBS; support for boolean operations;\n    sweeps, bending, warping, flattening etc.; groups of objects, and\n    transformations; extensible object types.\n  Applications include: NC machining, Animation utilities,\n    Dimensioning, FEM analysis, etc.\n  Rendering subsystem, with support for animations.\n  Support the following platforms: HP 300 and 800\'s (X11R4, HP-UX 6.5),\n    SGI 4D or PI machines (X11R4 and GL, IRIX 3.3.1), Sun SparcStation\n    (X11R4, SunOS 4.1.1).\n \n  Licensing and distribution is handled by EGS:\n    Glenn McMinn, President\n    Engineering Geometry Systems\n    275 East South Temple, Suite 305\n    Salt Lake City, UT  84111\n    (801) 575-6021\n    mcminn@cs.utah.edu\n\n [ Educational pricing ]\n  The charge is $675 per platform.  You may run the system on as many\n  different workstations of that type as you wish.  For each platform\n  there is also a $250 licensing fee for Portable Standard Lisp (PSL)\n  which is bundled with the system.  You need to obtain an additional\n  license from the University of Utah for PSL from the following address:\n    Professor Robert Kessler\n    Computer Science Department\n    University of Utah\n    Salt Lake City, Utah 84112\n\n  [ EGS can handle the licensing of PSL for U.S. institutions for a\n    300 $USD nominal fee -- nfotis ]\n\nVERTIGO\n-------\n\n  They have an Educational Institution Program. The package is used in\n  the industrial design, architectural, scientific visualization,\n  educational, broadcast, imaging and post production fields.\n\n  They\'ll [quoting from a letter sent to me -- nfotis ] "donate fully\n  configured Vertigo 3D Graphics Software worth over $29,000USD per\n  package to qualified educational institutions for licencing on any\n  number of Silicon Graphics Personal IRIS or POWER Series Workstations.\n  If you use an IRIS Indigo station, we will also licence our Vertigo\n  Revolution Software (worth $12,000USD).\n\n  If you are interested in participating in this program please send a\n  letter by mail or fax (604/684-2108) on your institution\'s letterhead\n  briefly outlining your potential uses for Vertigo together with the\n  following information: 1. UNIX version 2. Model and number of SGI\n  systems 3. Peripheral devices 4. Third Party Software.\n\n  Participants will be asked to contribute $750USD per institution to cover\n  costs of the manual, administration, and shipping.\n\n  We recommend that Vertigo users subscribe to our technical support\n  services. For an annual fee you will receive: technical assistance\n  on our support hotline, bug fixes, software upgrades and manual updates.\n  For educational institution we will waive the $750 administration fee\n  if support is purchased.\n\n  The annual support fee is $2,500 plus the following cost for additional\n  machines:\n\n  Number of machines:\t\t2-20\t\t20+\n  Additional cost per machine:\t$700\t\t$600 "\n\n[ There\'s also a 5-day training program - nfotis]\n\nContact:\n  Vertigo Technology INC\n  Suite 1010\n  1030 West Georgia St.\n  VANCOUVER, BC\n  CANADA, V6E 2Y3\n\n  Phone: 604/684-2113\n  Fax:   604/684-2108\n\n[ Does anyone know of such offers from TDI, Alias, Softimage, Wavefront,\n  etc.??? this would be a VERY interesting part!!  -- nfotis ]\n\nPADL-2\n------\n[ Basically, it\'s a Solid Modeling Kernel in top of which you build your\n  application(s)]\n\n  Available by license from\n    Cornell Programmable Automation\n    Cornell University\n    106 Engineering and Theory Center\n    Ithaca, NY 14853\n\n  License fees are very low for educational institutions and gov\'t agencies.\n  Internal commercial licenses and re-dissemination licenses are available.\n  For an information packet, write to the above address, or send your\n  address to:   marisa@cpa.tn.cornell.edu (Richard Marisa)\n\nACIS\n----\n  From Spatial Technology. It\'s a Solid Modelling kernel callable from C.\n  Heard that many universities got free copies from the company.\n  The person to contact regarding ACIS in academic institutions is\n\n    Scott Owens, e-mail: sdo@spatial.com\n\n  And their address is:\n\n  Spatial Technology, Inc.\n  2425 55th St., Bldg. A\n  Boulder, CO 80301-5704\n  Phone: (303) 449-0649, Fax: (303) 449-0926\n\nMOVIE-BYU / CQUEL.BYU\n---------------------\n  Basically [in my understanding], this is a FEM pre- and post-proccessor\n  system. It\'s fairly old today, but it still serves some people in\n  Mech. Eng. Depts.\n  Now it\'s superseded from CQUEL.BYU (pronounced "sequel"). That\'s a\n  complete modelling, animation and visualization package. Runs in the usual\n  workstation environments (SUN, DEC, HP, SGI, IBM RS6000, and others)\n  You can get a demo version (30-days trial period) either by sending $20\n  USD in their address or a blank tape. It costs 1,500 for a full run-time\n  licence.\n\n  Contact:\n\n  Engineering Computer Graphics Lab\n  368 Clyde Building, Brigham Young Univ.\n  Provo, UT 84602\n  Phone: 801-378-2812\n  E-mail: cquel@byu.edu\n\n\ntwixt\n-----\n  Soon to add stuff about it... If I get a reply to my FAX\n\nVOXBLAST\n--------\n  It\'s a volume renderer marketed by:\n  Vaytek Inc. (Fairfield, Iowa phone: 515-472-2227) , running on PCs\n  with 386+FPU at least.  Call Vaytek for more info.\n\nVoxelBox\n--------\n  A 3D Volume renderer for Windows. Features include direct\n  ray-traced volume rendering, color and alpha mapping,\n  gradient lighting, animation, reflections and shadows.\n\n  Runs on a PC(386 or higher) with at least an 8 bit video card(SVGA is fine)\n  under Windows 3.x. It costs $495.\n\n  Contact:\n\n  Jaguar Software Inc.\n  573 Main St., Suite 9B\n  Winchester, MA 01890\n  (617) 729-3659\n  jwp@world.std.com (john w poduska)\n\n==========================================================================\n\n7. Scene description languages\n==============================\n\nNFF\n---\n  Neutral file format , by Eric Haines. Very simple, there are some\n  procedural database generators in the SPD package, and many objects\n  floating in various FTP sites. There\'s also a previewer written in\n  HP Starbase from E.Haines. Also there\'s one written in VOGLE, so you can\n  use any of the devices VOGLE can output on.\n  (Check in sites carrying VOGLE, like gondwana.ecr.mu.oz.au)\n\nOFF\n---\n  Object file format, from DEC\'s Randy Rost (rost@kpc.com).\n[ The object archive server seems to be mothballed. In a future version,\n I\'ll remove the ref. to it -- nfotis ]\n\n  Available also through their mail server. To obtain help about using this\n  service, send a message with a "Subject:" line containing only the word\n  "help" and a null message body to: object-archive-server@decwrl.dec.com.\n  [For FTP places to get it, see in the relevant place]. There\'s an OFF\n  previewer for SGI 4D machines, called off-preview in\n  godzilla.cgl.rmit.oz.au . There are previewers for xview and sunview,\n  also on gondwana.\n\nTDDD\n----\nIt\'s a library of 3D objects with translators to/from OFF, NFF,\nRayshade, Imagine or vort objects.\nEdited copy of the announcement follows (from Raytracing News, V4,#3):\n\n  New Library of 3D Objects Available via FTP, by Steve Worley\n  (worley@cup.portal.com)\n\n  I have assembled a set of over 150 3D objects in a binary format\n  called TDDD. These objects range from human figures to airplanes,\n  from semi-trucks to lampposts.  These objects are all freely\n  distributable, and most have READMEs that describe them.\n\n  In order to convert these objects to a human-readable format, a file\n  with the specification of TDDD is included in the directory with the\n  objects. There is also a shareware system called TTDDDLIB (officially\n  on hubcap.clemson.edu) that will convert (ala PBM+) to/from various\n  object formats : Imagine TTDDD (extension of TDDD?), OFF, NFF,\n  Rayshade 4.0, or vort. Source included for Amiga/Unix as executables\n  for the Amiga. Also outputs Framemaker MIF files and isometric views\n  in Postscript.\n\nP3D\n---\n  From Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. The P3D uses lisp with slight\n  extensions to store three-dimensional models. A simple lisp\n  interpreter is included with the P3D release, so there is no need to\n  have access to any vendor\'s lisp to run this software.\n\n  The mouse-driven user interfaces for Motif, Open Look, and Silicon\n  Graphics GL, and the DrawP3D subroutine library for generating P3D\n  without ever looking at the underlying Lisp.\n\n  The P3D software currently supports nine renderers.  They are:\n  Painter - Painter\'s Algorithm, Dore, Silicon Graphics Inc. GL language,\n  Generic Phigs, Sun Phigs+, DEC Phigs+, Rayshade, ART ray tracer (from\n  VORT package) and Pixar RenderMan.\n\n  The code is available via anonymous FTP from the machines\n  ftp.psc.edu, directory pub/p3d, and nic.funet.fi, directory\n  pub/graphics/programs/p3d.\n\nRenderMan\n---------\n  Pixar\'s RenderMan is not free - call Pixar for details.\n\n==========================================================================\n\n8. Solids description formats\n=============================\n\na. EEC\'s ESPRIT project 322 CAD*I (CAD Interfaces) has developed a\n  neutral file format for transfer of CAD data (curves, surfaces, and\n  solid models between CAD systems and from CAD to CAA (Computer Aided\n  Analysis) an CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)\n\nb. IGES [v. 5.1 now] tries to define a standard to tranfer solid\n  models - Brep and CSG. The current standard number is ANSI Y14.26M-1987\n  For documentation, you might want to contact Nancy Flower at\n  NCGA Technical Services and Standards, 1-800-225-6242 ext. 325\n  and the cost is $100.\n  This standard is not available in electronic format.\n\nc. PDES/STEP : This slowly emerging standard tries to encompass not only\n  the geometrical information, but also for things like FEM, etc.\n  The main bodies besides this standard are NIST and DARPA. You can get\n  more information about PDES by sending mail to nptserver@cme.nist.gov\n  and putting the line\n\tsend index\n  in the body (NOT the Subject:) area of the message.\n\n  The people at Rutherford Appleton Lab.  are also working\n  on STEP tools: they have an EXPRESS compiler and an Exchange file parser,\n  both available in source form (and for free) for research purposes.\n  Soon they will also have an EXPRESS-based database system.\n\n  For the tools contact Mike Mead, Phone: +44 (0235) 44 6710 (FAX: x 5893),\n  e-mail: mm@inf.rl.ac.uk or {...!}mcsun!uknet!rlinf!mm or\n          mm%inf.rl.ac.uk@NSFnet-relay.ac.uk\n\n==========================================================================\n\nEnd of Part 1 of the Resource Listing\n-- \nNick (Nikolaos) Fotis         National Technical Univ. of Athens, Greece\nHOME: 16 Esperidon St.,       InterNet : nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr\n      Halandri, GR - 152 32   UUCP:    mcsun!ariadne!theseas!nfotis\n      Athens, GREECE          FAX: (+30 1) 77 84 578\n',
  u"From: u9152083@wraith.cs.uow.edu.au (Glen Justin Balmer)\nSubject: Rocket Types\nOrganization: University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.\nLines: 13\nNNTP-Posting-Host: wraith.cs.uow.edu.au\n\n\nThe other week I saw a TV program about the american space industry and NASA.\nIt said that in the 60's they developed a rocket that used ions or nuclear\nparticles for propolsion.\nThe government however, didn't give them $1billion for the developement\nof a full scale rocket.\nDid anybody see this program?\nIf not, has anybody heard of the particle propolsion system?\n\nThanx. 8-)\n\nGlen Balmer...\n\n",
  u'From: aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer)\nSubject: Re: Moonbase race\nOrganization: Evil Geniuses for a Better Tomorrow\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <1r46o9INN14j@mojo.eng.umd.edu> sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu writes:\n\n>So how much would it cost as a private venture, assuming you could talk the\n>U.S. government into leasing you a couple of pads in Florida? \n\nWhy would you want to do that? The goal is to do it cheaper (remember,\nthis isn\'t government). Instead of leasing an expensive launch pad,\njust use a SSTO and launch from a much cheaper facility.\n\n  Allen\n\n-- \n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Lady Astor:   "Sir, if you were my husband I would poison your coffee!"   |\n| W. Churchill: "Madam, if you were my wife, I would drink it."             |\n+----------------------56 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX-----------------------+\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 18\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <C63nA8.4C1@news.cso.uiuc.edu> gfk39017@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (George F. Krumins) writes:\n|I say:\n|What I'm objecting to here is a floating billboard that, presumably,\n|would move around in the sky.  I, for one, am against legislating\n|at all.  I just wish that people had a bit of common courtesy, and\n|would consider how their greed for money impacts the more ethereal and\n>aesthetic values that make us human.  This includes the need for wild\n>and unspoiled things, including the night sky.\n\n\nSorry that's an aesthetics argument.  maybe this string shoudl mofe to\nsci.space.aesthetics.\n\nPlanes  ruin the night sky.  Blimps ruin the night sky.  Radio towers\nruin the night sky.  \n\nLike i said,  get a vote, and create some more national parks.  which\ninclude onobstructed air space.\n",
  u'From: yoo@engr.ucf.edu (Hoi Yoo)\nSubject: looking for USA map\nOrganization: engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando\nLines: 11\n\n\n\nDoes anyone out there have or know of,  line drawing USA map?\n\n\nThanks very much in advance,\nHoi\n\n\nyoo@engr.ucf.edu\n\n',
  u'From: u1452@penelope.sdsc.edu (Jeff Bytof - SIO)\nSubject: Political banner in space\nOrganization: San Diego Supercomputer Center @ UCSD\nLines: 8\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: penelope.sdsc.edu\n\nI propose that PepsiCo, Mcdonalds and other companies could put \ninto orbit banners that have timely political messages, such as,\n\n     "Stop the slaughter in Bosnia!"\n\n, etc.\n\n-rabjab\n',
  u'From: amit@virgo.math.tau.ac.il (Amit Shaked)\nSubject: Digital Terrain Data for Visualization Needed\nOrganization: School of Math & CS - Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , ISRAEL.\nLines: 29\n\n\nWe need terrain data for a visualization research currently taking place\nin Tel-Aviv university. We have two databases that we are currently working\non, but we would like to work on more databases, possibly more complicated \nand ones that will give prettier images.\n\nBefore I describe what kind of data we need, let me mention that we are \ngoing to present a paper titled "Photo-Realistic Imaging of Digital Terrains"\nwhich describes the research and the results, in the EUROGRAPHICS\'93 \nconference in Barcelona, this september. We are going to show a video-tape \nwith some of our results, so any good data that we will receive will be \npresented in the tape, with a mention of the donator.\n\nWe are working on databases consisting of aerial or satelite photographs, \nand terrain elevation maps (DTM). \nEach database consists of a 2D array of height values (any data format can\nbe used for each value), and a corresponding 2D array of color values (can\nbe gray-level, 256-color value or full 24-bit R/G/B values. Other format can\nalso be used). We work on 512X512 and 1024x1024 resolution databases.\n\nIf anybody has access to this kind of data, or knows where we can get such\ndata files, please respond in this news group, or - better - email us\ndirectly :\n\namit@math.tau.ac.il    (Amit Shaked), or\ndanny@indigo.bgu.ac.il (Daniel Cohen)\n\nOf course, the names of the people who will help us get the data will be\ncited in our paper, and in further publications.\n',
  u'From: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nX-Newsreader: rusnews v1.02\nLines: 50\n\njaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n>In article <11847@vice.ICO.TEK.COM> bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert\n>Beauchaine) writes:\n>>Bennett, Neil.  "How BCCI adapted the Koran rules of banking".  The \n>>Times.  August 13, 1991.\n> \n> So, let\'s see. If some guy writes a piece with a title that implies\n> something is the case then it must be so, is that it?\n\nGregg, you haven\'t provided even a title of an article to support *your*\ncontention.\n\n>>  This is how you support a position if you intend to have anyone\n>>  respect it, Gregg.  Any questions?  And I even managed to include\n>>  the above reference with my head firmly engaged in my ass.  What\'s\n>>  your excuse?\n> \n> This supports nothing. I have no reason to believe that this is \n> piece is anything other than another anti-Islamic slander job.\n\nYou also have no reason to believe it *is* an anti-Islamic slander job, apart\nfrom your own prejudices.\n\n> I have no respect for titles, only for real content. I can look\n> up this article if I want, true. But I can tell you BCCI was _not_\n> an Islamic bank.\n\nWhy, yes.  What\'s a mere report in The Times stating that BCCI followed\nIslamic banking rules?  Gregg *knows* Islam is good, and he *knows* BCCI were\nbad, therefore BCCI *cannot* have been Islamic.  Anyone who says otherwise is\nobviously spreading slanderous propaganda.\n\n>                                      If someone wants to discuss\n> the issue more seriously then I\'d be glad to have a real discussion,\n> providing references, etc.\n\nI see.  If someone wants to provide references to articles you agree with,\nyou will also respond with references to articles you agree with?  Mmm, yes,\nthat would be a very intellectually stimulating debate.  Doubtless that\'s how\nyou spend your time in soc.culture.islam.\n\nI\'ve got a special place for you in my...\n\x0c\n...kill file.  Right next to Bobby.  Want to join him?\n\nThe more you post, the more I become convinced that it is simply a waste of\ntime to try and reason with Moslems.  Is that what you are hoping to achieve?\n\n\nmathew\n',
  u"From: alex@talus.msk.su (Alex Kolesov)\nSubject: Help on RenderMan language wanted!\nReply-To: alex@talus.msk.su\nOrganization: unknown\nLines: 17\n\nHello everybody !\n\nIf you are using PIXAR'S RenderMan 3D scene description language for creating 3D worlds, please, help me. \n\nI'm using RenderMan library on my NeXT but there is no documentation about NeXTSTEP version of RenderMan available. I can create very complicated scenes and render them using surface shaders, \nbut I can not bring them to life by applying shadows and reflections.\n\nAs far as I understand I have to define environmental and shadows maps to produce reflections and shadows, but I do not know how to use them.\n\nAny advises or simple RIB or C examples will be appreciated.\nThanks in advance...\n\n---\nAlex Kolesov                             Moscow, Russia.\nTalus Imaging & Communications Corporation\ne-mail: <alex@talus.msk.su> \t\t(NeXT mail accepted)  \t\t\t   \n.   \n",
  u'From: diablo.UUCP!cboesel (Charles Boesel)\nSubject: Re: Adobe Photo Shop type software for Unix/X/Motif platforms?\nOrganization: Diablo Creative\nReply-To: diablo.UUCP!cboesel (Charles Boesel)\nX-Mailer: uAccess LITE - Macintosh Release: 1.6v2\nLines: 14\n\n\nIn article <C5w8xB.Iv6@world.std.com> (sci.image.processing,comp.graphics), wdm@world.std.com (Wayne Michael) writes:\n>    I have been searching for a quality image enhancement and\n>    manipulation package for Unix/X/Motif platforms that is comparable\n>    to Adobe Photo Shop for the Mac. [stuff deleted]\n\nI understand that Adobe is working on making Photoshop available for\nthe SGI Indigo, but that is just "rumor" and I wouldn\'t bet on it\nuntil I see it. But they >are< going to release Illustrator for the SGI\n"real soon now."\n\n--\ncharles boesel @ diablo creative |  If Pro = for   and   Con = against\ncboesel@diablo.uu.holonet.net    |  Then what\'s the opposite of Progress?\n+1.510.687.3119(work)            |  What else, Congress.\n',
  u"From: tdawson@llullaillaco.engin.umich.edu (Chris Herringshaw)\nSubject: Re: Sun IPX root window display - background picture\nOrganization: University of Michigan Engineering, Ann Arbor\nLines: 15\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: llullaillaco.engin.umich.edu\nKeywords: sun ipx background picture\nOriginator: tdawson@llullaillaco.engin.umich.edu\n\n\nI'm not sure if you got the information you were looking for, so I'll\npost it anyway for the general public.  To load an image on your root\nwindow add this line to the end of your .xsession file:\n\n xloadimage -onroot -fullscreen <gif_file_name> &\n\nThis is assuming of course you have the xloadimage client, and as\nfor the switches, I think they pretty much explain what is going on.\nIf you leave out the <&>, the terminal locks till you kill it.\n(You already knew that though...)\n\nHope this helps.\n\nDaemon\n",
  u"From: byab314@chpc.utexas.edu (Srinivas Bettadpur)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin\nLines: 15\n\nIn article <1993Apr23.140649.1@rhea.arc.ab.ca> thacker@rhea.arc.ab.ca writes:\n>In article <C5t05K.DB6@research.canon.oz.au>, enzo@research.canon.oz.au (Enzo Liguori) writes:\n>\n>> What about light pollution in observations? (I read somewhere else that\n>> it might even be visible during the day, leave alone at night).\n>\n>No need to be depressed about this one.  Lights aren't on during the day\n>so there shouldn't be any daytime light pollution.\n\n  Thanks for these surreal moments....\n                                               Srinivas\n-- \nSrinivas Bettadpur        Internet : byab314@hermes.chpc.utexas.edu\nP.O. Box 8520, Austin, Tx. 78713-8520, U.S.A.  Tel. (512) 471 4332\nBITNET : byab314@uthermes\n",
  u'From: tgk@cs.toronto.edu (Todd Kelley)\nSubject: Re: Faith and Dogma\nOrganization: Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto\nLines: 89\n\nmarshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu (Kevin Marshall) <1r2eba$hsq@csugrad.cs.vt.edu>\nwrote:\n>I don\'t necessarily disagree with your assertion, but I disagree with\n>your reasoning.  (Faith = Bad.  Dogma = Bad.  Religion -> (Faith ^ Dogma).\n>Religion -> (Bad ^ Bad).  Religion -> Bad.)  Unfortunately, you never \n>state why faith and dogma are dangerous.  \n\nFaith and dogma are dangerous because they cause people to act on\nfaith alone, which by its nature is without justification.  That\nis what I mean by the word ``faith\'\': belief without justification, or\nbelief with arbitrary justification, or with emotional (irrational)\njustification.\n\nFor example, when someone says that God exists, that they don\'t know\nwhy they believe God exists, they can just feel it, that\'s faith.\n\nDogma is bad because it precludes positive change in belief based\non new information, or increased mental faculty.\n>\n>So Christians are totally irrational?  Irrational with respect to their\n>religion only?  What are you saying?  One\'s belief in a Christian God does\n>not make one totally irrational.  I think I know what you were getting at,\n>but I\'d rather hear you expand on the subject.\n\nFaith and dogma are irrational.  The faith and dogma part of any religion\nare responsible for the irrationality of the individuals.  I claim that\nfaith and dogma are the quintessential part of any religion.  If that\nmakes (the much overused in this context) Buddism a philosophy rather\nthan a religion, I can live with that.  Science is not a religion,\nbecause there is no faith nor dogma.\n>\n>>A philosopher cannot be a Christian because a philosopher can change his mind,\n>>whereas a Christian cannot, due to the nature of faith and dogma present\n>>in any religion.\n>\n>Again, this statement is too general.  A Christian is perfectly capable of\n>being a philosopher, and absolutely capable of changing his/her mind.  Faith in\n>God is a belief, and all beliefs may change.  Would you assert that atheists\n>would make poor philosophers because they are predisposed to not believe in a\n>God which, of course, may show unfair bias when studying, say, religion?\n\nHave you noticed that philosophers tend to be atheists?  If a philosopher\nis not an atheist, s/he tends to be called a theologian.\n\nA Christian tends to consider Christianity sacred.  Christianity is\na special set of beliefs, sanctioned by God himself, and therefore,\nto conceive of changing those beliefs is to question the existence\nof That Being Who Makes No Mistakes.  Faith comes into play.  Dogma\ncomes into play.  ``The lord works in mysterious ways\'\' is an example\nof faith being used to reconcile evidence that the beliefs are flawed.\nSure, interpretations of what ``God said\'\' are changed to satisfy the\nneeds of society, but when God says something, that\'s it.  It was said,\nand that\'s that.  Since God said it, it is unflawed, even if the\ninterpretations are flawed.\n\nScience, (as would be practiced by atheists) in contrast, has a\nBUILT IN defence against faith and dogma.\nA scientist holds sacred the idea that beliefs should change to\nsuit whatever is the best information available at the time, AND,\n*AND*, ****AND***, a scientist understands that any current beliefs\nare deficient in some way.  The goal is to keep improving\nthe beliefs.  The goal is to keep changing the beliefs to reflect\nthe best information currently available.  That\'s the only rational\nthing to do.  That\'s good philosophy.\n\nCan you see the difference?  Science views beliefs as being flawed,\nand new information can be obtained to improve them.  (How many\nscientists would claim to have complete and perfect understanding\nof everything?  None---it would put them out of a job!)  Religion\nviews its beliefs as being perfect, and the interpretations of\nthose beliefs must be changed as new information is acquired which\nconflicts with them.\n>\n>Please explain how "just because" thinking kills people.  (And please\n>state more in your answer than "Waco.")\n\nIt\'s easier for someone to kill a person when s/he doesn\'t require\na good rational justification of the killing.  I don\'t consider\n``he\'s Jewish\'\', or ``he was born of Jewish parents\'\', or\n``this document says he\'s Jewish\'\' to be good rational justification.\n\n>By the way, I wasn\'t aware mass suicide\n>was a problem.  Waco and Jonestown were isolated incidents.  \n>Mass suicides are far from common.\n\nClinton and the FBI would love for you to convince them of this.\nIt would save the US taxpayer a lot of money if you could.\n\nTodd\n',
  u'From: pmartz@dsd.es.com (Paul Martz)\nSubject: Re: Kubota Kenai/Denali specs\nNntp-Posting-Host: bambam\nReply-To: pmartz@dsd.es.com (Paul Martz)\nOrganization: Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp., Salt Lake City, UT\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <1rkntjINNd00@no-names.nerdc.ufl.edu>, lioness@maple.circa.ufl.edu writes:\n> Okay, I got enough replies about the Kubota Kenai/Denali systems that I\n> will post a summary of their capabilities.  [ ... ]\n> \n> GRAPHICS\n> \n> Transform Modules\t1-6\t\t\t1-6\n> Frame Buffer Modules\t5,10,20\t\t\t5,10,20\n> Frame Buffer\t\t1280x1024x24bit\t\t1280x1024x24bit\n> \t\t\tdouble buffered\t\tdouble buffered\n> Z-buffer\t\t24-bit\t\t\t24-bit\n> Alpha/stencil\t\t8-bit\t\t\t8-bit\n  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nDoes this mean they can either do alpha or stenciling, but not both\nsimultaneously?\n\n> Stereo support\tyes\t\t\tyes\n> Other:\t\t\tboth machines will double buffer or do\n                                                                 ^^\n> \t\t\t\tstereo output per window.  Both have an\n> \t\t\t\tauxiliary video output that is RS-170A,\n> \t\t\t\tNTSC, and PAL\n\nSame question again, does this mean they can either do double\nbuffering or stereo, but not both simultaneously?\n-- \n\n   -paul\tpmartz@dsd.es.com\n\t\tEvans & Sutherland\n',
  u'From: matt-dah@dsv.su.se (Mattias Dahlberg)\nSubject: Re: Psygnosis CD-I titles (was Re: Rumours about 3DO ???)\nOrganization: Dept. of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University\nLines: 12\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\n\nMark Samson (samson@prlhp1.prl.philips.co.uk) wrote:\n\n> Speaking of Psygnosis, they have licensed games to Philips Interative\n> Media International for CD-I.\n\nAnd for the Commodore CDTV.\n\n--\n=========================================================\n=  Regards  =  email:              =  1280x512x262000+  = \n=  Mattias  =  matt-dah@dsv.su.se  =  I love it.        =\n=========================================================\n',
  u"From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: Moonbase race\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <3HgF3B3w165w@shakala.com> dante@shakala.com (Charlie Prael) writes:\n>Doug-- Actually, if memory serves, the Atlas is an outgrowth of the old \n>Titan ICBM...\n\nNope, you're confusing separate programs.  Atlas was the first-generation\nUS ICBM; Titan I was the second-generation one; Titan II, which all the\nTitan launchers are based on, was the third-generation heavy ICBM.  There\nwas essentially nothing in common between these three programs.\n\n(Yes, *three* programs.  Despite the similarity of names, Titan I and\nTitan II were completely different missiles.  They didn't even use the\nsame fuels, never mind the same launch facilities.)\n\n>If so, there's probably quite a few old pads, albeit in need \n>of some serious reconditioning.  Still, Being able to buy the turf and \n>pad (and bunkers, including prep facility) at Midwest farmland prices \n>strikes me as pretty damned cheap.\n\nSorry, the Titan silos (a) can't handle the Titan launchers with their\nlarge SRBs, (b) can't handle *any* sort of launcher without massive\nviolations of normal range-safety rules (nobody cares about such things\nin the event of a nuclear war, but in peacetime they matter), and (c) were\nscrapped years ago.\n",
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: islamic genocide\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 48\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1qjipo$pen@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>, frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n|> In article <1qinmd$sp@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> #|> \n|> #|> At any rate, even if your interpretation is correct this does \n|> #|> not imply that the killings are religously motivated, which was \n|> #|> the original poster\'s seeming claim.\n|> #\n|> #Tricky, tricky.   I\'m replying to your blanket claim that they\n|> #are *not* religiously motivated.\n|> \n|> They aren\'t.  Irish catholics in the south do not kill Irish protestants\n|> in the south, yet have precisely the same history behind them.  Those\n|> who think the killings are religously motivated ignore the rather\n|> obvious matter of British occupation, partition and misguided patriotism\n|> on both sides. \n\nFalse dichotomy.  You claimed the killing were *not* religiously\nmotivated, and I\'m saying that\'s wrong.   I\'m not saying that\neach and every killing is religiously motivate, as I spelled out\nin detail.\n\n\n|> \n|> The problems fault along the religious divide because at the historical\n|> roots of this thing we have a catholic country partitioned and populated\n|> by a protestant one.   The grotesque killing of soldiers and \n|> civilians is supposedly motivated by patriotism, civil rights issues, and \n|> revenge.  It\'s only difficult to understand insofaras insanity is hard \n|> to understand - religion need not be invoked to explain it.  \n\nDoes anyone else see the contradiction in this paragraph?\n\n\n|> #But to claim that "The killings in N.I are not religously \n|> #motivated." is grotesque.   All that means is that the Church\n|> #and believers are doing what they always do with history\n|> #they can\'t face: they rewrite it.\n|> \n|> You\'re attacking a different claim.  My claim is that when an IRA\n|> terrorist plants a bomb in Warrington s/he does not have as a motive \n|> the greater glory of God. \n\nSorry, Frank, but what I put in quotes is your own words from your\nposting <1qi83b$ec4@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>.  Don\'t tell us now that \nit\'s a different claim.   If you can no longer stand behind your \noriginal claim, just say so.\n\njon.\n',
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Societally acceptable behavior\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 21\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <C5s9tv.10H@news.cso.uiuc.edu>, cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb) writes:\n|> In <1qvh8tINNsg6@citation.ksu.ksu.edu> yohan@citation.ksu.ksu.edu (Jonathan W \n|> Newton) writes:\n|> \n|> \n|> >In article <C5qGM3.DL8@news.cso.uiuc.edu>, cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike \n|> Cobb) writes:\n|> >>Merely a question for the basis of morality\n|> >>\n|> >>Moral/Ethical behavior = _Societally_ _acceptable_ _behavior_.\n|> \n|> >I disagree with these.  What society thinks should be irrelevant.  What the\n|> >individual decides is all that is important.\n|> \n|> This doesn\'t seem right.  If I want to kill you, I can because that is what I\n|> decide?\n\nSounds as though you are confused between "what I want" and "what\nI think is morally right".\n\njon.\n',
  u'From: decay@cbnewsj.cb.att.com (dean.kaflowitz)\nSubject: Re: about the bible quiz answers\nOrganization: AT&T\nDistribution: na\nLines: 18\n\nIn article <healta.153.735242337@saturn.wwc.edu>, healta@saturn.wwc.edu (Tammy R Healy) writes:\n> \n> \n> #12) The 2 cheribums are on the Ark of the Covenant.  When God said make no \n> graven image, he was refering to idols, which were created to be worshipped. \n> The Ark of the Covenant wasn\'t wrodhipped and only the high priest could \n> enter the Holy of Holies where it was kept once a year, on the Day of \n> Atonement.\n\nI am not familiar with, or knowledgeable about the original language,\nbut I believe there is a word for "idol" and that the translator\nwould have used the word "idol" instead of "graven image" had\nthe original said "idol."  So I think you\'re wrong here, but\nthen again I could be too.  I just suggesting a way to determine\nwhether the interpretation you offer is correct.\n\n\nDean Kaflowitz\n',
  u"From: se92psh@brunel.ac.uk (Peter Hauke)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42\nOrganization: Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nLines: 20\n\njoachim lous (joachim@kih.no) wrote:\n: ulrich@galki.toppoint.de wrote:\n\n: > Does anyone have any  other suggestions where the 42 came from?\n\nYep, here's a theory that I once heard bandied around.  Rather than thinking\nof the number think of the sound. For Tea Two. A sort of anagram on Tea For Two,\nTwo for Tea, For Tea Two.\n\n:-)\n\nPeter\n\n\n-- \n***********************************\n* Peter Hauke @ Brunel University *\n*---------------------------------*\n*      se92psh@brunel.ac.uk       *\n***********************************\n",
  u"From: DPierce@world.std.com (Richard D Pierce)\nSubject: Re: Some Recent Observations by Hubble\nKeywords: HST, Pluto, Uranus\nOrganization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA\nLines: 13\n\nIn article <15APR199316461058@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov> baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke) writes:\n>Here are some recent observations taken by the Hubble Space Telescope:\n>\n>     o Observations were made using the High Speed Photometer of the Planet\n>       Uranus during an occultation by a faint star in Capricornus.\n                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nWow! I knew Uranus is a long way off, but I didn't think it was THAT far away!\n\n-- \n|                Dick Pierce                |\n|    Loudspeaker and Software Consulting    |\n| 17 Sartelle Street   Pepperell, MA  01463 |\n|       (508) 433-9183 (Voice and FAX)      |\n",
  u'From: mac@utkvx.bitnet (Richard J. McDougald)\nSubject: Re: Why does Illustrator AutoTrace so poorly?\nOrganization: University of Tennessee \nLines: 22\n\nIn article <0010580B.vmcbrt@diablo.UUCP> diablo.UUCP!cboesel (Charles Boesel) writes:\n\nYeah, Corel Draw and WordPerfect Presentations pretty limited here, too.\n\tSince there\'s no (not really) such thing as a decent raster to\nvector conversion program, this "tracing" technique is about it.  Simple\nstuff, like b&w logos, etc. do pretty well, while more complicated stuff\ngoes haywire.  I suspect (even though I don\'t write code) that a good\nbitmapped to vector conversion program would probably be as big as most\nof these application softwares we\'re using -- but even so, how come one\nhasn\'t been written? (to my knowledge).  I mean, even Hijaak, one of the\ncommercial industry standards of file conversion, hasn\'t attempted it yet.\n\n+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n Mac McDougald                   *   Any opinions expressed herein \n The Photography Center          *   are not necessarily (actually,\n Univ. of Tenn. Knoxville 37996  *   are almost CERTAINLY NOT) those\n mac@utkvx.utk.edu               *   of The University of Tennessee. \n mac@utkvx.bitnet                *      \n (615-974-3449)                  *   "Things are more like they are now     \n (615-974-6435) FAX              *    than they\'ve ever been before."\n++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n            \n',
  u"From: lioness@maple.circa.ufl.edu\nSubject: Kubota Kenai/Denali ?\nOrganization: Center for Instructional and Research Computing Activities\nLines: 11\nReply-To: LIONESS@ufcc.ufl.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: maple.circa.ufl.edu\n\n\nDoes anyone have any real experience with the Kubota Kenai/Denali\nseries of graphics workstations?  They pretty much blow the pants\noff SGI machines and Sun machines in the same price point, which\nis about 50,000 bucks.  Real nice stuff, but I've only seen the\nstuff on paper.  I'm wondering, is there anything NOT to like?  The\nspecs are too massive to get into here, but if a summary is desired\nI could be coaxed into uploading the spec sheet.\n\nBrian\n\n",
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: To Rob Lanphier\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 43\n\nIn article <1993Apr23.181843.20224@organpipe.uug.arizona.edu>,\nbrian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615) wrote:\n> Kent, with regards to the information contained in the Bible (which\n> is the original context of this thread), Brian Kendig is inside a huge\n> wall.  Brian *IS* inside.  The Bible and the information contained therein\n> are outside the wall.   Brian Kendig proves this very sad fact by the\n> absurd things he says.  For example, "If I get through into the firey\n> pit, I will cease to exist."  The Bible doesn\'t say that.  He hasn\'t\n> a clue even to what Jesus said about hell.  That is but one example.\n\nLooking at your discussion I would say that you both operate\nfrom your own reference frame. There\'s no inside and no outside,\nthere are just two polarized views. As for statements inside the\nBible, things are still not that clear, we don\'t have any indications\nfor instance why Jobs was placed in the Old Testament, one of the \nfew books that actually talks about Satan. Jobs is very much out\nof line with the rest of the OT books, and there\'s a chance that\nsomeone added this book later into the group of OT scriptures.\n\n> Now in your sense, Kent, of sensing reality--that is a different\n> matter.  And to you and to Brian, relativity does play a big role.\n> What we perceive to be true, depends on our vantage point.  Since I\n> have read the Bible, and Brian Kendig shows that he hasn\'t, he has \n> a narrower perspective than mine  (at least in the respect\n> of knowledge of the Bible).   I am proposing to Brian, "Brian, come up here\n> and take a look from this vantage point."   But Brian replies, "I rather\n> not thank you.  I am content where I am.  Besides, the vista from up\n> there stinks."   And in the meanwhile, Brian ignores the facts that\n> he has never up there nor does he realize I had shared the same\n> plateau where Brian now stands.\n\nThis operates the other way around as well. You have to understand\nthe mind of an atheist, agnostic, or as in my case, a radical\nrelativist. If you don\'t understand the underlying concepts, it is \npretty hard to continue with a dialogue. I\'m not a perfect Christian,\nhowever about 20+ years of Christian teaching should have provided\nme with a pretty good picture of the Christian mind frame.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u'From: pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)\nSubject: Daniel v. Zoroaster, was The Jewish Discomfort With Jesus\nOrganization: The Duck Pond public unix: +1 408 249 9630, log in as \'guest\'.\nLines: 281\n\nIn article <1746.2BD37A66@paranet.FIDONET.ORG> \nBill.Carlson@p0.f18.n104.z1.FIDONET.ORG (Bill Carlson) writes:\n> Since everywhere I look, Zoroaster is suggested as being a probable\n> descendant of Daniel; suppose you prove he wasn\'t.\n\nZoroaster is far older than Daniel. If anything, one could claim that,\nin a sense, Daniel is a descendant of Zoroaster; as Daniel, though being\nHebrew, has assimilated into Zoroastrianism and has successfully\nintroduced the religion into the Tanakh of Judaism. [However, the majority \nof the book is in Hellenistic Aramaic (not Babylonian Aramaic) and only has\nKethuvim or Writing status.]\n\nRef: Encyclopedia of Religion, Mircea Eliade:\n\nDANIEL, or, in Hebrew, Daniyye\'l; hero of the biblical book that bears his name.\nDaniel is presented as a Jew in the Babylonian exile who achieved notoriety in\nthe royal court for his dream interpretations and cryptography and for his\nsalvation from death in a lion\'s pit. He also appears in the last chapters of\nthe book as the revealer of divine mysteries and of the timetables of Israel\'s\nrestoration to national-religious autonomy. As a practitioner of oneiromancy in\nthe court, described in Daniel 1-6 (written in the third person), Daniel per-\nforms his interpretations alone, while as a visionary-apocalyptist, in Daniel\n7-12 (written in the first person), he is in need of an angel to help him\ndecode his visions and mysteries of the future. It is likely that the name\nDaniel is pseudonymous, a deliberate allusion to a wise and righteous man known\nfrom Ugaritic legend and earlier biblical tradition. (Ez. 14:4,28:3).\n  The authorship of the book is complicated not only by the diverse narrative\nvoices and content but by its language: Daniel 1:1-2:4a and 8-12 are written in\nHebrew, whereas Daniel 2:4b-7:28 is in Aramaic. The language division parallels\nthe subject division (Daniel 1-6 concerns legends and dream interpretations;\n7-12 concerns apocalyptic visions and interpretations of older prophecies). The\noverall chronological scheme as well as internal thematic balances (Daniel 2-7\nis chiliastically related) suggest an attempt at redactional unity. After the\nprefatory tale emphasizing the life in court and the loyalty of Daniel and some\nyouths to their ancestral religion, a chronological ordering is discernable: a\nsequence from King Nebuchadrezzar to Darius is reported (Dn. 7-12). Much of\nthis royal dating and even some of the tales are problematic: for example,\nDaniel 4 speaks of Nebuchadrezzar\'s transformation into a beast, a story that\nis reported in the Qumran scrolls of Nabonidus; Belshazzar is portrayed as the\nlast king of Babylon, although he was never king; and Darius is called a Mede\nwho conquered Babylon and is placed before Cyrus II of Persia, although no such\nDarius is known (the Medes followed the Persians, and Darius is the name of\nseveral Persian kings). Presumably the episodes of Daniel 2-6, depicting a\nseries of monarchical reversals, episodes of ritual observances, and reports of\nmiraculous deliverances were collected in the Seleucid period (late fourth to\nmid-second century BCE) in order to reinvigorate waning Jewish hopes in divine\nprovidence and encourage steadfast faith.\n  The visions of Daniel 7-12, reporting events from the reign of Belshazzar to\nthat of Cyrus II (but actually predicting the overthrow of Seleucid rule in\nPalestine), were collected and published during the reign of Antiochus IV prior\nto the Maccabean Revolt, for it was then (beginning in 168 BCE) that the Jews\nwere put to the test concerning their allegiance to Judaism and their ancestral\ntraditions, and many refused to desecrate the statues of Moses and endured a\nmartyr\'s death for their resolute trust in divine dominion. All of the visions\nof Daniel dramatize this dominion in different ways: for example, via images of\nthe enthronement of a God of judgment, with a "son of man" invested with rule\n(this figure was interpreted by Jews as Michael the archangel and by Christians\nas Christ), in chapter 7; via zodiacal images of cosmic beasts with bizarre\nmanifestations, as in chapter 8; or via complex reinterpretations of ancient\nprophecies, especially those of Jeremiah 25:9-11, as found in Daniel 9-12.\n  The imagery of the four beasts in chapter 7 (paralleled by the image of four\nmetals in chapter 2), representing four kingdoms to be overthrown by a fifth\nmonarchy of divine origin, is one of the enduring images of the book; it sur-\nvived as a prototype of Jewish and Christian historical and apocalyptic schemes\nto the end of the Middle Ages. The role and power of this imagery in the\nfifteenth and sixteenth century work of the exegete Isaac Abravanel, the\nscientist Isaac Newton, and the philosopher Jean Bodin and among the Fifth\nMonarchy Men of seventeenth century England, for example, is abiding testimony\nto the use of this ancient topos in organizing the chiliastic imagination of\ndiverse thinkers and groups. The schema is still used to this day by various\ngroups predicting the apocalyptic advent.\n  The encouragement in the face of religious persecution that is found and\npropagandized in Daniel 11-12 contains a remarkable reinterpretation of Isaiah\n52:13-53:12, regarding the suffering servant of God not as all Israel but as\nthe select faithful. Neither the opening stories about Daniel and the youths nor\nthe final martyrological allusions advocate violence or revolt; they rather\nadvocate a stance of piety, civil disobedience, and trustful resignation.\nVictory for the faithful is in the hands of the archangel Michael, and the\nmartyrs will be resurrected and granted astral immortality. Persumably the\ncircles behind the book were not the same as the Maccabean fighters and may\nreflect some proto-Pharisaic group of hasidim, or pietists. The themes of\nresistance to oppression, freedom of worship, preservation of monotheistic\nintegrity, the overthrow of historical dominions, and the acknowledgement of\nthe God of heaven recur throughout the book and have served as a token of\ntrust for the faithful in their darkest hour.\n\nZARATHUSHTRA, founder of the religion know as Zoroastrianism or Mazdaism (from\nMazda or Ahura Mazda, the name of the god prophesied by Zarathushtra.) The\netymology and history of Zarathushtra, the Avestan and oldest form of the name,\nas uncertain, both in various Iranian languages and in related forms else-\nwhere. There may have been an Old Persian form, Zara-ushtra, from which the\nGreek form, Zoroastres, may be derived, and there may have existed an Old\nIranian form, Zarat-ushtra, to which may be linked the Middle Iranian Zrdrwsht,\nseveral Middle Persian forms (such as Zrtwsht), and the New Persian Zardusht.\nWe can state with certainty only that the second half of the name, ushtra,\nmeans "camel." The form Zoroaster, derived from the Greek Zoroastres, was used\ntraditionally in European culture until the eighteenth century, when\nZarathustra, closer to the original (and as found in Nietzsche), came into\ncommon use after the rediscovery of the Avesta, the collection of sacred books\nof Zoroastrianism, and the resulting studies in Iranian philology. [See Avesta.]\n  Notwithstanding the great and continued popularity of Zarathushtra, even in\nWestern culture, the sources available to us are few, extremely fragmented,\nand heterogeneous. Our principle sources are the five Gathas ("songs"),\nattributed to Zarathushtra himself and included in the Yasna section of the\nAvesta: Gatha Ahunavaiti (Yasna 28-34), Gatha Ushtavaiti (Yasna 43-46), Gatha\nSpentamainyu (Yasna 47-50), Gatha Vokukhshathra (Yasna 51), and Gatha\nVashishtoishti (Yasna 53), the last of which was probably written after the\nprophet\'s death.\n  Other sources of considerable, albeit varying, importance are the Younger\nAvesta and the remaining Zoroastrian religious literature, in particular the\nPahlavi texts of the ninth and tenth centures CE. Although the Achaemenid\ninscriptions (sixth to fourth centures BCE) never mention Zarathushtra, he is\nmentioned by some Greek sources of the time (not, however, by Herodotus, who\nseems unaware of him).\n  The Avesta does not provide any direct or explicit data concerning the true\nchronological history of Zarathushtra. But the text is useful in an indirect\nway, as it clearly implies that the environment in which Zoroastrianism arose\nwas not that of Iran under the Medes or the Persians. The Greek sources, on the\nother hand, do provide some information concerning the time of Zarathushtra,\nalthough from a historical point of view they are unreliable. Some place him\nsix thousand years before the Trojan War (Xanthus of Lydia, Eudoxus of Cnidus,\nHermippus, Hermodorus, Aristotle, Plutarch, Diogenes Laertius, and Pliny). The\naccount by Xanthus of Lydia, however, has also been interpreted by some to mean\nsix hundred, rather than six thousand, years before the expedition of Xerxes\nagainst Greece. This interpretation is favored by Diogenes Laertius, who makes\nreference to Xanthus, but although a few scholars (A. S. Shabazi, Helmut\nHumbach) have recently attempted to rehabilitate it under various pretexts, it\nis generally rejected.\n  Although the historical value of the Greek sources is negligible, they are\nnonetheless important in that they show that the millenarian doctrine of history\nof the cosmos had already been developed in Iran by the Achaemenid period, as\nthe above account would seem to demonstrate. They also show that by this time\nZarathushtra was already seen as an almost mythical figure, one from an\nextremely distant past. All of this leads to the conclusion that the prophet\ncould not have belonged to a historical period contemporary with, or even close\nto, that of the Achaemenids.\n  Later Zoroastrian sources, the Pahlavi texts, do provide an absolute chrono-\nlogy for Zarathushtra, one that was also accepted by some Arab authors. Accord-\ning to these sources, Zarathushtra lived 300 or 258 years before Alexander.\nAgain, scholars are divided on the validity of the chronology; some view it as\nhistorically reliable while others believe that it is devoid of historical\njustification. The most convincing arguments, however, seem to support the\nlatter position. The figure of 258 years is accurate only on the surface\nbecause it represents, in fact, the more general one of 300, which was employed\nby Sasanid propagandists to locate Zarathushtra\'s lifetime roughly around the\nbeginning of Iranian domination. For a number of reasons connected with complex\nproblems inherent in the Iranian chronology, there was also a desire on the\npart of the Sasanid propagandists to avoid any millenarian threat. In this\ncontext, Zarathushtra, whom tradition places early in the ninth millennium after\nthe beginning of the cosmos, converted Vishtaspa at the age of forty-two, and\nVishtaspa\'s conversion was viewed by some as the beginning of the millennium\n(thus explaining the double date of 300 and 258 years before Alexander).\n  Given the unreliability of the few available sources, we are forced to\nreconstruct an absolute chronology on the basis of other elements, principally\non the contention that Zarathushtra must have lived a few centuries before Cyrus\nthe Great, Cambyses, and Darius, as there is no mention in the Avesta of the\ngreat political achievements that took place in western Iran in the middle of\nthe first millennium BCE. Nor is there any mention of the history of that\nperiod, which was to lead Iran to a position of such predominance. At the same\ntime, for a number of reasons, going back much further in history would not be\njustified. Consequently, the traditionally accepted theory of placing Zara-\nthushtra around the beginning of the first millennium BCE appears to be the\nmost legitimate.\n  As to Zarathushtra\'s land of origin, many scholars agree, on the basis of\nvalid arguments, that he must have come from eastern Iran. Some have held that\nhe was a Mede, largely because of a late Iranian tradition linking Zarathushtra\nwith Azerbaijan, but also because of linguistic reasons, based on the language\nof the Avesta. This hypothesis, however, should be discarded, as we can suppose,\nboth on historical and linguistic grounds, that Zarathushtra came from the east,\neven though we do not know precisely from which region. There is a considerable\nvariety of opinion on this particular matter, including the improbable view\nthat he came from Chorasmia, or present-day Khorezm, or from a wider Chorasmian\nregion, reaching as far as the oases of Merv and Herat. Most likely, however,\nZarathushtra\'s land of origin is somewhere in the vast area stretching from the\nHindu Kush mountain range to the more southern regions of Bactria and Arachosia\n(modern Qandahar), as well as Drangiana (the area of lake Helmand). It would\nthus be located in what is now Afghanistan or in the border regions of Iran.\n  Zarathushtra himself tells us that he belonged to the priestly caste (Yasna\n33.6). He was a zaotar (cf. Sanskrit hotr), that is, a priest belonging to a\nspecific group connected with a school that produced very elaborate and learned\nreligious poetry. Even in the so-called Younger Avesta he is described as an\nathravan (Yashts 13.94), a more general term encompassing the entire priestly\ncaste. To enter it he had undergone a long and rigid training, which he used\nto lend dignity (as in the Gathas) to the contents of his new message, the\nproduct of a great and original ethical mind.\n  Zarathushtra also belongs to that venerable priestly tradition, linking India\nto Iran in another way, by centering his teachings on the praise of the ashavan,\nor "possessor of asha," that is, the one who, as in the Vedic rtavan, seeks\ntruth and masters it, thus becoming ashavan in this life - almost an initiate -\nand blessed after death. Any good follower of such teachings seeks the "vision\nof asha," just as those chosing the right path in Vedic India aspired to the\n"vision of the Sun," a manifestation of rta. Behind these concepts and this\nlanguage lies the great tradition of "Aryan mysticism," that is, of Indo-Iranian\nmysticism.\n  Zarathushtra\'s greatness, however, does not lie in his having belonged to a\nparticular religious tradition. Rather, it lies in the innovation and strength\nof his message, which was in itself a break in the tradition, one that force-\nfully and effectively introduced two great revolutionary ideas: dualistic\nmonotheism (the Wise Lord who fathers two twin spirits, the beneficent and the\nevil); and the expectation of a transfiguration (Av., Frashokereti; Pahl.,\nFrashgird) of life and existence. [See Frashokereti] \n  Both his monotheistic and dualistic ideas and his particular soteriological\ndoctrine deeply separate Zarathushtra\'s teachings from the Indo-Iranian tradi-\ntions of his upbringing. They exemplify his rebellion against a formalistic\nand ritualistic religion that did not provide adequate answers to the problem\nof evil. Because of his basic tenets, Zarathushtra, who advocated an inward\nreligiosity and the right of the individual to resist the imperatives of tradi-\ntion, can be numbered among the greatest of religious figures.\n  Another original facet of Zarathushtra\'s message, one that is not easy to\nunderstand but which, however, holds the key to a deeper understanding of the\ncomplex intellectual and poetic structure of the Gathas, is the doctrine of the\nAmesha Spentas, the "beneficent immortals." These are spiritualizations of the\nabstract notions of good thought, best truth, desirable power, bounteous\ndevotion, wholeness, and immortality, all of which operate according to a\nsystem of interrelations and correlations and can simultaneously be the\nmanifestations of a divinity and of human virtue. [See Amesha Spentas.]\n  Other than the names of his father, Pourushaspa ("possessing gray horses"),\nand of his mother, Dughdova ("one who has milked"), we know almost nothing of\nZarathushtra\'s life. A late Pahlavi text also give the names of four brothers.\nAccording to tradition, Zarathushtra left home at the age of twenty, and at\nthirty he was subject to a revelation, both through an intense and powerful\ninspiration and through a vision. Only after ten years had passed, however, did\nhe succeed in converting a cousin of his, Maidhyoimah, to his beliefs. He was\nstrongly opposed in his native land by kavis, karapans, and usijs, priestly\ngroups associated with traditional teachings and practices. This hostility\ncaused him to leave his region (Yasna 46:1) and to seek refuge at the court of\nKavi Vishtaspa, a ruler who had been converted to the new religion together with\nhis wife, Hutaosa, when the prophet, according to tradition, was forty-two\nyears old. We also know the name of a son, Isat Vastra ("desiring pastures"),\nand of three daughters born of his first wife, as well as the names of two more\nsons, Urvatatnara ("commanding men") and Hvarecithra ("sun-faced"), born of\nhis second wife, Hvovi, a member of the influential Hvogva ("possessing good\ncattle") family. Two other figures belonging to the Hvogva family are mentioned:\nFrashaoshtra and Jamaspa, the former as Hvovi\'s father, and the latter as the\nhusband of the third daughter of the prophet, Pouruchista ("very thoughtful"),\nwhose wedding is celebrated in the fifth hymm in the Gathas (Yasna 53). Again,\naccording to tradition, Zarathushtra died at the age of seventy-seven. He was\nassassinated by a karapan, a priest of the old religion, who belonged to the\nTuirya tribe and was called Tur i Bradres (his name is known only in the Pahlavi\nform).\n  The paucity of information on the prophet\'s life is compensated by a tradi-\ntion, rich in legendary detail, that arose through the centuries in Zoroastrian\ncommunities. The main texts documenting the tradition are the seventh book of\nthe Denkard, a Pahlavi work dating from the ninth century CE, as well as\npassages from other Pahlavi texts and a New Persian work from the thirteenth\ncentury, the Zarathusht-nama (Book of Zarathushtra), written by Zaratusht-i\nBahram-i Pazhdu. Mythical and ritual elements prevail in the later legends about\nZarathushtra, which idealize him into a symbol and make him the archetype of the\nperfect man.\n  Zarathushtra\'s great popularity in the ancient world continued throughout the\nRenaissance until the Enlightenment. During the Classical and Hellenistic\nperiods he was viewed as a wise man, a typical representative of an "alien\nwisdom," a master of the secrets of heaven and earth, a seer, astrologer,\npsychologist, and wonder worker. Pythagorean thinkers went so far as to see the\ninfluence of Zarathushtra on Pythagoras himself, and the Academicians always\nopenly admired the Persian thinker who founded the school of the Magi and\nadvocated a doctrine of dualism. Earliest Christianity viewed Zarathushtra as\na precursor of the Christian faith, one who not only prophesied, as had the\nbiblical prophets, the advent of the Messiah but also predicted the supernatural\nsign of his coming, the star that was to appear in the East and guide the three\nMagi to the manger in Bethlehem. [See Magi.] This Christian interpretation is\nderived from the Zoroastrian doctrine of the Saoshyant, the Savior of the\nFuture. [See Saoshyant.] Later, however, religious struggles arose during the\nSasanid empire in Persia (third to seventh centuries CE), which linked the\nspread of Christianity with the Roman empire. Zarathushtra\'s popularity in the\nChristian world began to decline. The Iranian prophet, who had been praised\noften by the gnostic schools and who had been seen by Mani as one of the three\ngreat messengers from the past, was now seen, instead, as a leader of imposture\nand heresy, a teacher of the diabolic arts of witchery. But during the Renaiss-\nance and the Enlightenment, European cultures reverted to the image of Zara-\nthushtra that had come down through Classical and Hellenistic antiquity. He was\nviewed, once again, as a great and wise man, as the author of the _Chaldean\nOracles_ and probably inventor of Qabbalah, as a teacher of astrology, as a\npossible bridge between Christianity and Platonism, and, at times (as in\nVoltaire), as a symbol of non-Christian wisdom.\n  After Western philology rediscovered Zarathushtra during the eighteenth and\nnineteenth centuries, Friedrich Nietzsche, in an intentional paradox, gave\nthe name Zarathustra to the hero of his work _Also sprach Zarathustra_ (1883-\n1892). Nietzsche saw the Iranian prophet as the first to have discovered the\ntrue motive force underlying all things, that is, the eternal struggle between\ngood and evil. [See also Zoroastrianism]\n',
  u'From: jkatz@access.digex.com (Jordan Katz)\nSubject: U.S. Space Foundation Speech\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt, MD USA\nLines: 94\nDistribution: usa\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\n                          Speech by Pete Worden\n                                    \n          Delivered Before the U.S. Space Foundation Conference\n                                    \n                       Colorado Springs, Colorado\n                                    \n                             April 15, 1993\n\n\n     What a delightful opportunity to cause some trouble.  For\nproviding me this forum I would sincerely like to thank the U.S.\nSpace Foundation.  My topic today is the Single Stage Rocket\nTechnology rocket or SSRT.  By I intend to speak of more.  How to\nlower the cost and make rapid progress.  SSRT is to my mind --\nand I hope to convince you -- the erupting a new rallying cry for\nour generation in space -- Faster, Cheaper, and Better.\n\n     Faster, Cheaper, Better and SSRT represent the passing of a\ntorch from one technical generation to another.  It is a new\nthing to be sure -- but it is also a relearning of old things\nfrom past masters.\n\n     When we rolled out the SSRT baby two weeks ago, so called\nexperts told us it violates the laws of physics -- it made no\nsense.  For example, Dr. Eberhart Rachtin - former president of\nthe Aerospace Corp., said of SSRT in the L.A. Times that it,\n"defies the best principles of launching payloads into space." \nWell Dr. Rachtin -- you\'ve made us mad!  What are these\nprinciples that SSRT defies?\n\n     Well I\'ll tell you.  It violates the principle that you need\na giant program office to build space hardware.  It violates the\n"fact" that it takes 20 years to build something new.  And it\nviolates the truism that you cant do anything significant for\nless than many billions of dollars.\n\n     It took some of the last generation\'s experts to teach us\nsome new/old lessons.  Werhner Von Braun\'s first rocket was not a\nSaturn V.  General Schriever\'s ICBM\'s didn\'t take ten years to\ndemonstrate.  And the X-1 airplane didn\'t cost $1 billion.\n\n     It took one of the great engineers of the 1950\'s to remind\nus of these truths -- Max Hunter.  Max, to remind you, was a\nsenior engineer in the Thor IRBM program, and old faster, better,\ncheaper success story.  Max has been persistent in a vision of a\nsingle stage reusable space launch system since the 1960\'s. \nBecause he knew it had to be done in affordable steps - Build a\nlittle, Test a little.\n\n     Next he persuaded us to do a technology demonstration.  We\ndidn\'t solicit a bunch of requirements -- they\'d just change\nevery few years anyway.  [ not included in the speech -- The\nALS/NLS has such ephemeral requirements that it would better\nknown as "Shape Shifter" than "Space Lifter."  We didn\'t spend a\nlot money -- this X-Rocket only cost $60 million.  When\'s the\nlast time we even built a new airplane for that?  And it didn\'t\ntake a lot of time to build -- McDonnell Douglas completed it in\n18 months.  Finally, the government program office consisted of\none very over-worked Air Force Major -- motivated in part by the\nthreat that he\'d get to ride on it in a strapped-on lawn chair if\nit ran over cost or schedule.\n\n     As I described what SSRT is -- and isn\'t keep in mind its\nonly a first step.  There are several more steps -- and steps\nthat can easily fail -- before the U.S. can field an SSTO.  But\neach step should follow the same principles -- a small management\nteam -- a few years technology demonstration -- and a modest\nbudget.\n\n     Let me show a few details on SSRT and how it might evolve:\n(See charts)\n\n     I\'m embarrassed when my generation is compared with the last\ngeneration -- the giants of the last great space era, the 1950\'s\nand 1960\'s.  They went to the moon - we built a telescope that\ncan\'t see straight.  They soft-landed on Mars - the least we\ncould do is soft-land on Earth!\n\n     But we do have an answer.  We can follow their build a\nlittle, test a little philosophy to produce a truly affordable\nand routine access to space.  I know there are nay sayers among\nyou -- those who say SSRT is a stunt.  It needs more thermal\nprotection, the engines are wrong, it would be better to land\nhorizontally, etc, etc.\n\n     I say to you -- we\'ll see you at White Sands in June.  You\nbring your view-graphs, and I\'ll bring my rocketship.  If we do\nwhat we say we can do, then you let us do the next step.  [ not\nincluded in the speech:  If we fail -- you still have your\nprogram offices, staff summary sheets, requirement analyses, and\ndecade long programs.]\n\n     I bet on my generation and Max Hunter\'s idea -- Any Takers?\n',
  u'From: brom@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (David Bromage)\nSubject: Re: New Religion Forming -- Sign Up\nOrganization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 1\n\nalt.religion.spam?\n',
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: Islam And Scientific Predictions (was Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism)\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <1993Apr17.122329.21438@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>\ndarice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:\n \n>>>"AND IT IS HE (GOD ALMIGHTY) WHO CREATED THE NIGHT AND THE\n>>>DAY, AND THE SUN AND THE EARTH:  ALL (THE CELETIAL BODIES)\n>>>SWIM ALONG, EACH IN ITS ROUNDED COURSE."  (Holy Quran 21:33)\n>\n>>Hmm. This agrees with the Ptolemic system of the earth at the centre,\n>>with the planets orbitting round it. So Copernicus and Gallileo were\n>>wrong after all!\n>\n>You haven\'t read very carefully -- if you look again, you will see that\n>it doesn\'t say anything about what is circling what.\n>\n \nAnyway, they are not moving in circles.  Nor is there any evidence that\neverything goes around in a rounded course in a general sense. Wishy-\nwashy statements are not scientific.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u"From: edimg@willard.atl.ga.us (Ed Pimentel)\nSubject: RFD: comp.multimedia.open-telematic\nOrganization: Willard's House BBS, Atlanta, GA -- +1 (404) 664 8814\nLines: 53\nNNTP-Posting-Host: rodan.uu.net\n\n                                  RFD\n                          Request For Discussion\n                                for the\n                          OPEN  TELEMATIC GROUP\n\n                                  OTG\n\nI have proposed the forming of a consortium/task force for the\npromotion of NAPLPS/JPEG, FIF to openly discuss ways, method,\nprocedures,algorythms, applications, implementation, extensions of\nNAPLPS/JPEG standards.  These standards should facilitate the creation\nof REAL_TIME Online applications that make use of Voice, Video,\nTelecommuting, HiRes graphics, Conferencing, Distant Learning, Online\norder entry, Fax,in addition these dicussion would assist all to\nbetter understand how SGML, CALS, ODA, MIME, OODBMS, JPEG, MPEG,\nFRACTALS, SQL, CDrom, cdromXA, Kodak PhotoCD, TCL, V.FAST, and\nEIA/TIA562, can best be incorporated and implemented to develop\nTELEMATIC/Multimedia applications.\n\nWe want to be able to support DOS, UNIX, MAC, WINDOWS, NT, OS/2\nplatforms.  It is our hope that individuals, developers, corporations,\nUniversities, R & D labs would join in in supporting such an endeavor.\n\nThis would be a NOT_FOR_PROFIT group with bylaws and charter. Already\nmany corporations have decided to support OTG (Open TELEMATIC Group) so\ndo not delay joining if you are a developer\n\nAn RFD has been posted to form a usenet newsgroup and a FAQ will soon\nbe be composed to start promulgating what is known on the subject.  If\nyou would like to be added to the maillist send email or mail to the\naddress below.\n\nThis group would publish an electronic quarterly NAPLPS/JPEG\nnewsletter as well as a hardcopy version.  We urge all who wants to\nsee CMCs HiRes based applications & the NAPLPS/JPEG G R O W, decide to\njoin and mutually benefit from this NOT-FOR_PROFIT endeavor.\n\nNOTE: Telematic has been defined by Mr. James Martin as the marriage\n      of Voice, Video, Hi-res Graphics, Fax, IVR, Music over telephone\n      lines/LAN.\n\nIf you would like to get involve write to me at:\n\n  IMG Inter-Multimedia Group| Internet:  epimntl@world.std.com\n  P.O. Box 95901            |            ed.pimentel@gisatl.fidonet.org\n  Atlanta, Georgia, US      | CIS     :  70611,3703\n                            | FidoNet :  1:133/407\n                            | BBS     :  +1-404-985-1198 zyxel 14.4k\n-- \nedimg@willard.atl.ga.us (Ed pimentel)\ngatech!kd4nc!vdbsan!willard!edimg\nemory!uumind!willard!edimg\nWillard's House BBS, Atlanta, GA -- +1 (404) 664 8814\n",
  u'From: rtaraz@bigwpi.WPI.EDU (Ramin Taraz)\nSubject: Need gif/iff file format\nOrganization: Worcester Polytechnic Institute\nLines: 8\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bigwpi.wpi.edu\n\n\nCould somebody please _email_ me some info on either what gif or iff\nfile formats are, or where I can get such info?\n\n\nthanx\n\nrtaraz@wpi.wpi.edu\n',
  u'From: wilkins@scubed.com (Darin Wilkins)\nSubject: Re: KORESH IS GOD!\nNntp-Posting-Host: renoir\nOrganization: S-CUBED, A Division of Maxwell Labs; San Diego CA\nLines: 22\n\n>>FROM:   mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\n>>The latest news seems to be that Koresh will give himself up once he\'s\n>>finished writing a sequel to the Bible.\n\nIn article <2944079995.1.p00261@psilink.com> "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com> writes:\n>Writing the Seven Seals or something along those lines.  He\'s already\n>written the first of the Seven which was around 30 pages or so and has\n>handed it over to an assistant for PROOFREADING!.  I would expect any\n>decent messiah to have a built-in spellchecker.  Maybe Koresh 2.0 will\n>come with one.\n\nI heard he had asked the FBI to provide him with a word processor.  Does\nanyone know if Koresh has requested that it be WordPerfect5.0?  WP5.0 was\nwritten (and is owned) by Mormons, so the theological implications of\nrequesting (or refusing) WP5.0 are profound!\n\ndarin\nwilkins@scubed.scubed.com\n________________________________\n|                              |\n| I will be President for food |\n|______________________________|\n',
  u"Organization: City University of New York\nFrom: <A54SI@CUNYVM.BITNET>\nSubject: Re: Merlin, Mithras and Magick\n <93111.195217A54SI@CUNYVM.BITNET> <ss.113@apmaths.uwo.ca>\nLines: 25\n\n\nIn article <ss.113@apmaths.uwo.ca>, ss@apmaths.uwo.ca (SULTAN SIAL) says:\n>\n>In article <93111.195217A54SI@CUNYVM.BITNET> <A54SI@CUNYVM.BITNET> writes:\n>\n>[stuff about Mithras deleted]\n>\n>>Oh, His B-day was 25 Dec. Ahem.\n>\n>I thought that Saturnalia was celebrated by the Romans at that time.  Was\n>Mithras connected with this?\n>\n\nI also heard the Romans had a large Solar festival on this day because this\nday, about 3 days after the Winter Solstice, was when you could notice a\nchange in the shadows and be sure that the Sun was indeed returning. In fact,\nI remember the latin phrase Natalis Solis Invicti (sp!) associated here.\n\nI can't say for certain when Saturnalia was, since I can't locate my Master\nHoliday List. I think it was 2 weeks or so however.\n\n\n-------\nCHARLES HOPE   A54SI@CUNYVM   A54SI@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU\nGOVERNMENT BY REPORTERS...MEDIA-OCRACY.\n",
  u'From: len@schur.math.nwu.edu (Len Evens)\nSubject: Re: Space Marketing would be wonderfull.\nNntp-Posting-Host: schur.math.nwu.edu\nOrganization: Dept of Math, Northwestern Univ\nLines: 61\n\nIn article <C760Dv.K75@agora.rain.com> jhart@agora.rain.com (Jim Hart) writes:\n>\n>If anybody has a strong claim to control of the  the night sky, it is \n>astronomers.  Check out the common law.  In the days when wild lands\n>weren\'t scarce, pioneers laid claim to the land by putting it to\n>use, eg clearing and growing a crop.  Even trespassers can lay claim to \n>the right of passage if if they\'ve done it for long enough and the\n>owners have not complained or taken steps to stop them.  Usage\n>begets property rights.\n>\n>Astronomers have been using the night sky for thousands of years --\n>they own it. \n>(eg light polluters), they will lose their common-law right of ownership.\n>\n>Another consequence of their ownership is that they are free to sell\n>it.  Now, astronomers need money for their work.  If light\n>polluting billboards and mirrors go up, they will need even\n>more money to buy extra image processing equipment, filters,\n>space telescopes etc. to get around the problem.\n>\n>So, as long as we can define who "astronomers" are (eg do\n>"they" include amateur astronomers?  Nature lovers?)\n>we can set up a system of voluntary consensus to solve this\n>dispute, instead invoking bans, regulations, etc. enforced\n>by bribed politicians at the point of a gun (why do folks always\n>think of that sordid solution, "we ought to pass a law", to\n>solve problems first instead of as a last resort when other\n>methods have failed?)\n>\n[Stuff deleted]\n>  This proposal certainly needs work, but how about working on \n>these kind of ideas first before writing "there ought to be a law" \n>letters to our Congresscritters: let\'s give noncoercive consensus, via \n>the free market, a chance to solve this problem.\n>\n>Jim Hart\n>jhart@agora.rain.com\n\nWould Mr. Hart please explain how one could get every nation on\nearth and every corporation to agree that astronomers own the\nnight sky without `coercion\'.   Remember that not every nation\nfollows the English common law.   In most countries, for most of\nhistory, it was probably true that the rulers `owned\' everything\nnot explicitly owned by individuals.   Even in North America,\nwhere by the principle enunciated, the aboriginal inhabitants should\nhave owned everything, when new arrivals wanted to use land\nand resources, they just took it over.  In case Mr. Hart hasn\'t noticed,\nthere is currently a brutal war going on in Bosnia about who owns what.\nOf course, if some friendly super power were to give an international\nastronomy organization some anti-satelite missiles and also agree\nto defend it if attacked, such a proposal might work, but it\nwould hardly be non-coercive.\n\nSome of us nutty environmentalists think it might make sense first\nto try to mobilize public opinion against advertising in space\nand also to use governmental actions (like taxing power, for example)\nto discourage them.   This of course would be too coercive for\nMr. Hart.\n\nLeonard Evens      len@math.nwu.edu      708-491-5537\nDept. of Mathematics, Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL 60208\n',
  u"From: nrp@st-andrews.ac.uk (Norman R. Paterson)\nSubject: Islam vs the Jehovah's Witnesses\nOrganization: Society for Trying Really Hard\nLines: 25\n\nIn article <1993Apr2.223248.19014@Princeton.EDU> qpliu@princeton.edu writes:\n>In article <1993Apr2.115300.803@batman.bmd.trw.com> jbrown@batman.bmd.trw.com writes:\n>>But God created Lucifer with a perfect nature and gave him along with\n>>the other angels free moral will.\n>\n>>Now God could have prevented Lucifer's fall by taking away his ability\n>>to choose between moral alternatives (worship God or worship himself),\n>\n>So Lucifer's moral choices are determined by his will.\n>What determines what his will is?\n>-- \n>qpliu@princeton.edu           Standard opinion: Opinions are delta-correlated.\n\nBobby-\n\nA few posts ago you said that Lucifer had no free will.  From the above\nit seems the JW believes the contrary.\n\nAre you talking about the same Lucifer?\n\nIf so, can you suggest an experiment to determine which of you is wrong?\n\nOr do you claim that you are both right?\n\n-Norman\n",
  u'From: 92brown@gw.wmich.edu\nSubject: PC paint program (NeoPaint v1.1?)--Help\nOrganization: Western Michigan University\nLines: 14\n\nI am looking for a shareware graphics package called NeoPaint v1.1.  I \nsaw it in a shareware catalog and was hoping that I could FTP it from \nthe net but have been unable to locate it.  I have tried Archie and I \nhave gone through the entire comp.graphics newsgroup looking for some \nreference to it and have found none.  I have  also looked through the \nFAQ and also no reference.  The program is called NeoPaint v1.1 and if \nanyone has heard of it or knows where I can get it I would appreciate \nit.\n\nSuggestions for other PC based shareware paint programs would also be \nappreciated. Email me your responses.\n\nMuch thanks,\nSean\n',
  u'From: deane@binah.cc.brandeis.edu (David Matthew Deane)\nSubject: Re: Flaming Nazis\nReply-To: deane@binah.cc.brandeis.edu\nOrganization: Brandeis University\nLines: 94\n\nIn article <1qsami$3h7@access.digex.net>, dickeney@access.digex.com (Dick Eney)\nwrites:\n>The trouble with trying to find out the truth is that Roehm and his\n>buddies were ACCUSED OF being flaming faggots, one of the pretexts for the\n>Night of Long Knives in which Roehm and most of the SA wing of the NSDAP\n>were purged. \n\nStop! Hold it! You have a few problems here. Official history says that \nthe first accusations of homosexuality in the SA came from OUTSIDE of the Nazi \nparty, long BEFORE the Nazis ever came to power. So this objection is a red\nherring, even if established history is wrong on this point. Moreover, none of \nthe histories I\'ve read ever made mention of Hitler or anyone else ever using \nhomosexuality as a pretext for purging Roehm. A point I saw reiterated was that\nHitler and the party covered up these accusations. If you are going to accuse\nofficial history of being a fabrication, you should at least get your facts\nright. The pretext for purging Roehm was that he was planning to use the SA in\na coup against Hitler. Nowhere is there mention of using allegations of\nhomosexuality as a pretext for the purge, nor as a justification afterwards (it\nis possible that the histories I\'ve read have not mentioned this, but I doubt\nit - would it be in Hitler\'s best interest to admit to the world that his\nformer right hand man was a homosexual?). \n\nAnyway, as I said before, it is always possible that I have missed references \nto the Nazis making use of charges of homosexuality against the SA after the \nnight of the long knives - but this does not prove that they were false. Even \nthe Nazis could tell the truth when it was to their advantage. In any case, \nthis does not deal with accusations of homosexuality in the SA during the \n1920\'s.\n\n>Since the accusers thereafter controlled the records,\n>anything bearing on the subject -- true or not -- has to be considered\n>tainted evidence. \n\nAh, yes. I forgot this was being posted to alt.conspiracy. I can smell the\nparanoia from here. Since the Nazis never officially charged Roehm with \nhomosexuality (at least, not according to what I\'ve read), I\'d like to know \nwhat tainted "evidence" you are talking about. Since the accusations were made \nby persons outside of the Nazi party, long before it came to power, and those \naccusations were common knowledge to journalists and others in Germany in the \n1920\'s and 30\'s, just how would it be possible for the Nazis to go back in \ntime and plant "tainted" evidence? How exactly does one doctor newspapers \nwhich were circulated around the world, without the discrepancies being \nobvious? What actual incidences of Nazi doctoring evidence on this matter\ndo you know about? And what about the testimony of people who were involved in \nthese matters, some of whom were not Nazis? And what is the point of making a \nfalse accusation of homosexuality if you do not publicize it? Since the point \nhere seems to be to discredit established history, then the burden of proof \nfalls on the revisionist. The revisionists had better do their homework \nbefore making accusations. Otherwise they simply look like conspiracy nuts.\n\n>The available data suggest that Roehm and his crowd,\n>the SA -- Sturmabteilung, "Storm Troopers" -- left the world a better\n>place when they departed, \n\nThis is just about the *only* thing we agree on. \n\nI suspect that the notion that there might have been bad people - Roehm and \nhis SA buddies - who were homosexuals must disturb some people. The feeling\nseems to be that if a nasty individual is accused of homosexuality, that this\nmust be an attempt to bash homosexuals. This fear - often justified - is what\nlies behind this distrust of official history, or so it seems to me. But this\nis not a good justification for trashing accepted accounts of this subject. If \nyou really think that historians are so incompetent, why don\'t you write them \nand ask where they got their sources on this subject, if you can\'t tell from \ntheir footnotes? I\'m a graduate student in history. Writing to professors and\ntracking down sources is old hat. But my time is limited and this is not my\nspecialty - and neither you nor anyone else have said anything that would\ncast one shred of doubt on existing evidence. I\'m not going to waste my time\ntrying to debunk someone\'s paranoia. Do the research yourself.\n\n>but concrete particulars are still no more than\n>more or less shrewd guesses.  \n>-- Diccon Frankborn\n\nGiven that you already consider all evidence "tainted", what on earth would\nconstitute concrete particulars? And since when have concrete particulars been\nconsidered "shrewd guesses"?\n\nI suggest that those who do not trust popular historians (Irving et al) -\nhistorians writing for a popular audience do not, as a rule, provide copious \nfootnotes - should try instead reading academic historians, who usually \nprovide footnotes to all their sources in immmense detail. This is the place \nto start looking. Assuming that one really wants to know the truth.\n\nI\'ll bet the folks on alt.pagan are tired of this subject already. My\napologies - we seem to have gone off on a bit of a tangent. I forget which gods\nare responsible for keeping strings within appropriate newsgroup subject\nboundaries...\n                                                                       \n/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\nDavid Matthew Deane (deane@binah.cc.brandeis.edu)\n"...Be in me as the eternal moods of the bleak wind...Let the Gods speak softly\nof us in days hereafter..." (Ezra Pound)\n/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\n',
  u'From: mz@moscom.com (Matthew Zenkar)\nSubject: Re: CView answers\nOrganization: Moscom Corp., E. Rochester, NY\nLines: 18\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\n\nCyberspace Buddha (cb@wixer.bga.com) wrote:\n: renew@blade.stack.urc.tue.nl (Rene Walter) writes:\n: >over where it places its temp files: it just places them in its\n: >"current directory".\n\n: I have to beg to differ on this point, as the batch file I use\n: to launch cview cd\'s to the dir where cview resides and then\n: invokes it.  every time I crash cview, the 0-byte temp file\n: is found in the root dir of the drive cview is on.\n\nThis is what I posted that cview uses the root directory of the drive\ncview is on.  However, since It has so much trouble reading large files\nfrom floppy, I suspect that it uses the root directory of the drive the\nimage files are on.\n\nMatthew Zenkar\nmz@moscom.com\n\n',
  u'From: abdkw@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov (David Ward)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters. Where are they?\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1  \nOrganization: Goddard Space Flight Center - Robotics Lab\nLines: 27\n\nIn article <1993Apr26.141114.19777@midway.uchicago.edu>, pef1@midway.uchicago.edu writes...\n>BATSE, by having 8 detectors of its own, can do its own location determination,\n>but only to within about 3 degrees (would someone at GSFC, like David, like\n>to comment on the current state of location determination?).  Having inde-\n>pendent sightings by other detectors helps drive down the uncertainty.\n> \n\nWell, I\'ll avoid your question for now (got some learnin\' to do) with a\npromise to come back with more info when I can find it.  I _do_ know that\nBATSE is the primary instrument in the development of the all-sky map of\nlong-term sources.  Given that fact, and the spacecraft attitude knowledge\nof approx. 2 arcmin, we might be able to figure out how well BATSE can\ndetermine the location (rotational) of a Gamma Ray burster from knowledge\nof the all-sky map\'s accuracy.  PR material for the other three instruments\ngive accuracies on the order of "fractions of a degree", if that\'s \nany help.\n\nSpeaking of GRO, the net-world probably was happy to see that the preps\nfor orbit adjust appear to be going well.  Our branch guy who\'s helping\nout says that things have gone smoothly with the iso-valve preps and the\nburns will take place in mid-June.\n\nAnyway, I\'m off to find out more.  \'Be back when I get some info.\n\nDavid W. @ GSFC\n"I don\'t know nuthin\' \'bout measurin\' no Gamma Rays"\n_Gone with the Wind_, paraphrased\n',
  u'From: Nanci Ann Miller <nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu>\nSubject: Re: New Member\nOrganization: Sponsored account, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA\nLines: 16\n\t<1993Apr16.015931.12153@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>\nNNTP-Posting-Host: andrew.cmu.edu\nIn-Reply-To: <1993Apr16.015931.12153@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>\n\njcopelan@nyx.cs.du.edu (The One and Only) writes:\n> Welcome.  I am the official keeper of the list of nicknames that people\n> are known by on alt.atheism (didn\'t know we had such a list, did you).\n> Your have been awarded the nickname of "Buckminster."  So the next time\n> you post an article, sign with your nickname like so:\n> Dave "Buckminster" Fuller.  Thanks again.\n> \n> Jim "Humor means never having to say you\'re sorry" Copeland\n\nOf course, the list has to agree with the nickname laws laid down by the\nGIPU almost 2000 years ago (you know... the 9 of them that were written on\nthe iron tablets that melted once and had to be reinscribed?).  Since I am\na prophet of the GIPU I decree that you should post the whole list of\nnicknames for the frequent posters here!\n\nNanci\n',
  u"From: mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee)\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\nOrganization: Royal Roads Military College, Victoria, B.C.\nLines: 29\n\n\nIn article <sandvik-150493181533@sandvik-kent.apple.com>, sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n|> In article <1993Apr15.200231.10206@ra.royalroads.ca>,\n|> mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee) wrote:\n|> > These laws written for the Israelites, God's chosen people whom God had\n|> > expressly set apart from the rest of the world.  The Israelites were a\n|> > direct witness to God's existence.  To disobey God after KNOWing that God\n|> > is real would be an outright denial of God and therefore immediately punishable.\n|> > Remember, these laws were written for a different time and applied only to \n|> > God's chosen people.  But Jesus has changed all of that.  We are living in the\n|> > age of grace.  Sin is no longer immediately punishable by death.  There is\n|> > repentance and there is salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ.  And not just\n|> > for a few chosen people.  Salvation is available to everyone, Jew and Gentile\n|> > alike.\n|> \n|> Jews won't agree with you, Malcolm.\n|> \n|> Cheers,\n|> Kent\n|> ---\n|> sandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n\nA lot of people won't agree with me.  That's their right and I respect that.\nHowever, to the point, Jews are also covered by the saving grace of Jesus\nChrist.  There are Jews who have become Christians.\n\nThis brings up another question I still have to ponder:  why is there so \nmuch anti-Semitism?  Why do people hate Jews?  I don't hate Jews.  I consider\nthem to be like anyone else, sinners we all are.\n",
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: "Cruel" (was Re: <Political Atheists?)\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 30\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1qnpe2INN8b0@gap.caltech.edu>, keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n|> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> \n|> >>They spent quite a bit of time on the wording of the Constitution. \n|> >I realise that this is widely held belief in America, but in fact\n|> >the clause on cruel and unusual punishments, like a lot of the\n|> >rest, was lifted from the English Bill of Rights of 1689.\n|> \n|> Just because the wording is elsewhere does not mean they didn\'t spend\n|> much time on the wording.\n\nIn the part of the posting you have so helpfully deleted, I \npointed out that they used the wording from the English Bill of\nRights apparently *changing* what they understood by it, and I\nasked why then should we, two hundred years later, be bound by\nwhat Keith Allan Schneider *thinks* they understood by it.\n\n|> \n|> >>We have already looked in the dictionary to define the word.  Isn\'t \n|> >>this sufficient?\n|> >Since the dictionary said that a lack of mercy or an intent to\n|> >inflict injury or grief counted as "cruel", sure.\n|> \n|> People can be described as cruel in this way, but punishments cannot.\n\nSo one cannot say "a cruel fate"?\n\nYour prevarications are getting increasingly unconvincing, I think.\n\njon.\n',
  u'From: dpw@sei.cmu.edu (David Wood)\nSubject: Request for Support\nOrganization: Software Engineering Institute\nLines: 35\n\n\n\nI have a request for those who would like to see Charley Wingate\nrespond to the "Charley Challenges" (and judging from my e-mail, there\nappear to be quite a few of you.)  \n\nIt is clear that Mr. Wingate intends to continue to post tangential or\nunrelated articles while ingoring the Challenges themselves.  Between\nthe last two re-postings of the Challenges, I noted perhaps a dozen or\nmore posts by Mr. Wingate, none of which answered a single Challenge.  \n\nIt seems unmistakable to me that Mr. Wingate hopes that the questions\nwill just go away, and he is doing his level best to change the\nsubject.  Given that this seems a rather common net.theist tactic, I\nwould like to suggest that we impress upon him our desire for answers,\nin the following manner:\n\n1. Ignore any future articles by Mr. Wingate that do not address the\nChallenges, until he answers them or explictly announces that he\nrefuses to do so.\n\n--or--\n\n2. If you must respond to one of his articles, include within it\nsomething similar to the following:\n\n    "Please answer the questions posed to you in the Charley Challenges."\n\nReally, I\'m not looking to humiliate anyone here, I just want some\nhonest answers.  You wouldn\'t think that honesty would be too much to\nask from a devout Christian, would you?  \n\nNevermind, that was a rhetorical question.\n\n--Dave Wood\n',
  u"From: thinman@netcom.com (Technically Sweet)\nSubject: Re: Universal VESA Driver\nKeywords: VESA\nOrganization: International Foundation for Internal Freedom\nLines: 84\n\nkintur@scorch.apana.org.au (Kingsley Turner) writes:\n\n>        Some time ago (about 1 month) there was a bit of discussion\n>        about a universal VESA driver for > 8bit cards.  It was in\n>        the file uvesa32.zip.  Well i can't find it, does anyone know\n>        where it is (gorilla.something.something.au), and what sort\n>        of cards it works for ?\n\n>        Also would it be pushing my luck to ask for someone to post\n>        it to some appropriate group.\n\n>                                                        Kingsley Turner\n>                                                        NSW Australia\n\n\nHost swdsrv.edvz.univie.ac.at\n\n    Location: /pc/dos/graphics\n           FILE -rw-r--r--      21525  Mar  7 18:00  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost plaza.aarnet.edu.au\n\n    Location: /micros/pc/garbo/pc/screen\n           FILE -r--r--r--      21795  Apr  4 00:00  uvesa31.zip\n    Location: /micros/pc/oak/graphics\n           FILE -r--r--r--      21525  Mar  7 19:00  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost godzilla.cgl.rmit.oz.au\n\n    Location: /kjb/MGL\n           FILE -rw-r--r--      22887  Mar 29 15:03  uvesa32.zip\n\nHost nic.switch.ch\n\n    Location: /mirror/msdos/graphics\n           FILE -rw-rw-r--      21525  Mar  7 20:00  uvesa31.zip\n    Location: /software/pc/simtel20/graphics\n           FILE -rw-rw-r--      21525  Mar  7 20:00  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost ipc1.rvs.uni-hannover.de\n\n    Location: /pub/msdos-koeln/graphics/egavga\n           FILE -rw-r--r--      21525  Apr  4 17:08  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost sun0.urz.uni-heidelberg.de\n\n    Location: /pub/msdos/simtel/graphics\n           FILE -rw-rw-r--      21525  Mar  7 19:00  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost athene.uni-paderborn.de\n\n    Location: /pcsoft/msdos/graphics\n           FILE -rw-r--r--      21525  Mar  7 18:00  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost compute1.cc.ncsu.edu\n\n    Location: /mirrors/wustl/mirrors/msdos/graphics\n           FILE -rw-r--r--      21525  Mar  7 19:00  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost rigel.acs.oakland.edu\n\n    Location: /pub/msdos/graphics\n           FILE -rw-r--r--      21525  Mar  7 19:00  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost pc.usl.edu\n\n    Location: /pub/msdos/video.and.graphics\n           FILE -rw-r--r--      21525  Mar 11 10:41  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost isfs.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp\n\n    Location: /mirrors/simtel20.msdos/graphics\n           FILE -rw-rw-r--      11425  Mar 13 16:41  uvesa10.zip\n           FILE -rw-rw-r--      21525  Mar  8 12:00  uvesa31.zip\n\nHost ftp.uu.net\n\n    Location: /systems/ibmpc/msdos/simtel20/graphics\n           FILE -rw-rw-r--      21525  Mar  7 14:00  uvesa31.zip\n-- \n\nLance Norskog\nthinman@netcom.com\nData is not information is not knowledge is not wisdom.\n",
  u'From: g9134255@wampyr.cc.uow.edu.au (Coronado Emmanuel Abad)\nSubject: Need polygon splitting algo...\nOrganization: University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.\nLines: 11\nNNTP-Posting-Host: wampyr.cc.uow.edu.au\nKeywords: polygons, splitting, clipping\n\n\nThe idea is to clip one polygon using another polygon (not\nnecessarily rectangular) as a window.  My problem then is in\nfinding out all the new vertices of the resulting "subpolygons"\nfrom the first one.  Is this simply a matter of extending the\nusual algorithm whereby each of the edges of one polygon is checked\nagainst another polygon???  Is there a simpler way??\n\nComments welcome.\n\nNoel.\n',
  u'From: jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger)\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nOrganization: Boston University Physics Department\nLines: 60\n\nIn article <11847@vice.ICO.TEK.COM> bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n\n>In article <115670@bu.edu> jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n\n>>In article <11826@vice.ICO.TEK.COM> bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n\n>>I am refuting nothing but simply telling you what I see, which is\n>>childish propaganda and nothing to be refuted. BCCI was not \n>>an Islamic bank, so this post has nothing to do with Islamic banks. \n>>I am tiring of this infantile garbage, so I simply evaluated it\n>>as such.\n\n>>>  Could you maybe flesh it out just a bit?  Or did I miss the full\n>>>  grandeur of it\'s content by virtue of my blinding atheism?\n\n>>You may be having difficulty seeing the light because you\n>>have your head up your ass. I suggest making sure this is \n>>not the case before posting again.\n\n>  It\'s time for your lesson in debate, Gregg.\n\nYeah, right.\n\n>Begin included text:\n>From vice!news.tek.com!uunet!psinntp!wrldlnk!usenet Sun Apr 18 10:01:11 PDT 1993\n\n>I noticed a post on this topic in soc.religion.islam.   And since the topic\n>of the BCCI being/not being an Islamic bank has come up, I have left in the\n>one mention of the BCCI bank called "How BCCI adapted the Koran rules of\n>banking" from this bibliography.\n\n\n>Bennett, Neil.  "How BCCI adapted the Koran rules of banking".  The \n>Times.  August 13, 1991.\n\nSo, let\'s see. If some guy writes a piece with a title that implies\nsomething is the case then it must be so, is that it?\n\n>  This is how you support a position if you intend to have anyone\n>  respect it, Gregg.  Any questions?  And I even managed to include\n>  the above reference with my head firmly engaged in my ass.  What\'s\n>  your excuse?\n\nThis supports nothing. I have no reason to believe that this is \npiece is anything other than another anti-Islamic slander job.\nI have no respect for titles, only for real content. I can look\nup this article if I want, true. But I can tell you BCCI was _not_\nan Islamic bank. Seeing as I\'m spending my time responding to\npropaganda (in responding to this little sub-thread) I really\ndon\'t feel a deep need to do more than make statements to the\neffect that the propaganda is false. If someone wants to discuss\nthe issue more seriously then I\'d be glad to have a real discussion,\nproviding references, etc.\n\n\nGregg\n\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu (Ken Arromdee)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Johns Hopkins University CS Dept.\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <1993Apr25.194144.8358@organpipe.uug.arizona.edu> brian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615) writes:\n>Even though a new-born is innocent as can be, his sinful nature\n>will surely manifest itself more explicity as he gets older.\n\nAh, so you admit newborns are innocent?  Then you cannot say _everyone_ is a\nsinner.\n\nAbout the only way top get out of this one is to claim that a newborn is a\nsinner despite having not committed any sins, which is rather odd.\n--\n"On the first day after Christmas my truelove served to me...  Leftover Turkey!\nOn the second day after Christmas my truelove served to me...  Turkey Casserole\n    that she made from Leftover Turkey.\n[days 3-4 deleted] ...  Flaming Turkey Wings! ...\n   -- Pizza Hut commercial (and M*tlu/A*gic bait)\n\nKen Arromdee (arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu)\n',
  u"From:  Valentin E. Vulihman <vulih@ipmce.su>\nSubject: Attractive drawing on the sphere\nLines: 23\nReply-To: vulih@ipmce.su\nOrganization: Inst. of Prec. Mech. & Comp. Equip., Moscow, Russia\n\n\n\t   S P H E R I C A L   D E S I G N I N G\n\n I have made an attractive program on AT-computer  for  drawing\n on the sphere and pasting it of paper.  For children,  artists\n and education.  I can send an example to alt.source.wanted, on\n which  you  can  see  the  rotation of the sphere,  if you are\n interested.  Children can  design  tesselations  of  the  many\n famous  regular  polyhedra  without  serious difficaltis,  and\n print patterns to paste their spherical models.  Moscow,  tel.\n 280-53-53, after 21 o'clock, or E-mail, Valentin Vulihman.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
  u"From: aaron@minster.york.ac.uk\nSubject: Re: Gulf War / Selling Arms\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Department of Computer Science, University of York, England\nLines: 14\n\nMark McCullough (mccullou@snake10.cs.wisc.edu) wrote:\n: I heard about the arms sale to Saudi Arabia.  Now, how is it such a grave\n: mistake to sell Saudi Arabia weapons?  Or are you claiming that we shouldn't\n: sell any weapons to other countries?  Straightforward answer please.\n\nSaudi Arabia is an oppressive regime that has been recently interfering\nin the politcs of newly renunified Yemen, including assasinations and \nborder incursions. It is entirely possible that they will soon invade.\nUnluckily for Yemen it is not popular in the West as they managed to put\naside political differences during reunification and thus the West has\neffectively lost one half (North?) as a client state.\n\n\t\tAaron Turner\n \n",
  u"From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Economics\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 14\n\n\n>If all the ecomomists in the world were laid end to end . . .\n\n>Punchline #1: they would all point in different directions.\n\n>Punchline #2: they wouldn't reach a conclusion.\n\nPunchline #3: it would be a good idea just to leave them there.\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u"From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nlivesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n\n>Perhaps the chimps that failed to evolve cooperative behaviour\n>died out, and we are left with the ones that did evolve such\n>behaviour, entirely by chance.\n\nThat's the entire point!\n\n>Are you going to proclaim a natural morality every time an\n>organism evolves cooperative behaviour?\n\nYes!\n\nNatural morality is a morality that developed naturally.\n\n>What about the natural morality of bee dance?\n\nHuh?\n\nkeith\n",
  u'From: gwang@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Ge Wang)\nSubject: Packages for Fashion Designers?\nNntp-Posting-Host: bottom.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu\nOrganization: The Ohio State University\nLines: 3\n\nHello, I am looking for commercial software packages for professional\nfashion designers.  Any recommendation and pointers are greatly appreciated.\nPlease e-mail me, if you may.  Thanks a million.  -- Ge\n',
  u'From: cotera@woods.ulowell.edu\nSubject: Re: Biblical Backing of Koresh\'s 3-02 Tape (Cites enclosed)\nLines: 38\nOrganization: University of Massachusetts Lowell\n\nIn article <1r17j9$5ie@sbctri.sbc.com>, netd@susie.sbc.com () writes:\n> In article <20APR199301460499@utarlg.uta.edu> b645zaw@utarlg.uta.edu (stephen) writes:\n>>For those who think David Koresh didn\'t have a solid structure,\n>>or sound Biblical backing for his hour long tape broadcast,\n> \n> I don\'t think anyone really cares about the solid structure of his\n> sermon.  It\'s the deaths he\'s responsible for that concern most people.\n\nI assume you have evidence that he was responsible for the deaths?\n \n> Koresh was a nut, okay?  \n\nAgain, I\'d like to see some evidence.\n \n> I\'ll type this very slowly so that you can understand.  He either set\n> the fire himself or told his followers to do so.  Don\'t make him out to\n> be a martyr.  He did not "get killed", he killed himself.\n\nOnce again, where\'s your proof? Suicide is considered a sin by Branch\nDavidians.  Also, Koresh said over and over again that he was not going to\ncommit suicide.  Furthermore, all the cult experts said that he was not\nsuicidal.  David Thibedeau (sp?), one of the cult members, said that the fire\nwas started when one of the tanks spraying the tear gas into the facilities\nknocked over a lantern.\n \n> The evil was inside the compound.  \n\nEvidence please?\n\n> All that "thou shalt not kill" stuff.\n\nI\'d like to point out that the Bible says "Do not commit murder." The NKJ\ntranslation mistranslates.  Self-defense was never considered murder.  The\nreason why they were stockpiling weapons is because they were afraid the\ngovernment would try something.  Their fears were obviously well founded.\n--Ray Cote\n\nThere\'s no government like no government.\n',
  u'From: timmbake@mcl.ucsb.edu (Bake Timmons)\nSubject: Re: Amusing atheists and agnostics\nLines: 76\n\n\nChris Faehl writes:\n\n> >Many atheists do not mock the concept of a god, they are shocked that\n> >so many theists have fallen to such a low level that they actually\n> >believe in a god.  You accuse all atheists of being part of a conspiracy,\n> >again without evidence.\n>\n>> Rule *2:  Condescending to the population at large (i.e., theists) will >not\n>> win many people to your faith anytime soon.  It only ruins your credibility.\n\n>Fallacy #1: Atheism is a faith. Lo! I hear the FAQ beckoning once again...\n>[wonderful Rule #3 deleted - you\'re correct, you didn\'t say anything >about\n>a conspiracy]\n\nCorrection: _hard_ atheism is a faith.\n\n>> Rule #4:  Don\'t mix apples with oranges.  How can you say that the\n>> extermination by the Mongols was worse than Stalin?  Khan conquered people\n>> unsympathetic to his cause. That was atrocious. But Stalin killed millions of\n>> his own people who loved and worshipped _him_ and his atheist state!!  How can\n>> anyone be worse than that?\n\n>I will not explain this to you again: Stalin did nothing in the name of\n>atheism. Whethe he was or was not an atheist is irrelevant.\n\nGet a grip, man.  The Stalin example was brought up not as an\nindictment of atheism, but merely as another example of how people will\nkill others under any name that\'s fit for the occasion.\n\n>> Rule #6:  If you rely on evidence, state it.  We\'re waiting.\n\n>As opposed to relying on a bunch of black ink on some crumbling old paper...\n>Atheism has to prove nothing to you or anyone else. It is the burden of\n>dogmatic religious bullshit to provide their \'evidence\'. Which \'we\'\n>might you be referring to, and how long are you going to wait?\n\nSo hard atheism has nothing to prove?  Then how does it justify that\nGod does not exist?  I know, there\'s the FAQ, etc.  But guess what -- if\nthose justifications were so compelling why aren\'t people flocking to\n_hard_ atheism?  They\'re not, and they won\'t.  I for one will discourage\npeople from hard atheism by pointing out those very sources as reliable\nstatements on hard atheism.\n\nSecond, what makes you think I\'m defending any given religion?  I\'m merely\nrecognizing hard atheism for what it is, a faith.\n\nAnd yes, by "we" I am referring to every reader of the post.  Where is the\nevidence that the poster stated that he relied upon?\n>\n>> Oh yes, though I\'m not a theist, I can say safely that *by definition* many\n>> theists are not arrogant, since they boast about something _outside_\n>> themselves, namely, a god or gods.  So in principle it\'s hard to see how\n>> theists are necessarily arrogant.\n\n>Because they say, "Such-and-such is absolutely unalterably True, because\n         ^^^^\n>my dogma says it is True." I am not prepared to issue blanket statements\n>indicting all theists of arrogance as you are wont to do with atheists.\n\nBzzt!  By virtue of your innocent little pronoun, "they", you\'ve just issued\na blanket statement.  At least I will apologize by qualifying my original\nstatement with "hard atheist" in place of atheist.  Would you call John the\nBaptist arrogant, who boasted of one greater than he?  That\'s what many\nChristians do today.  How is that _in itself_ arrogant?\n>\n>> I\'m not worthy!\n>Only seriously misinformed.\nWith your sophisticated put-down of "they", the theists, _your_ serious\nmisinformation shines through.\n\n--\nBake Timmons, III\n\n-- "...there\'s nothing higher, stronger, more wholesome and more useful in life\nthan some good memory..." -- Alyosha in Brothers Karamazov (Dostoevsky)\n',
  u"From: SITUNAYA@IBM3090.BHAM.AC.UK\nSubject: Best FTP Viewer please.\nOrganization: The University of Birmingham, United Kingdom\nLines: 5\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ibm3090.bham.ac.uk\n\n==============================================================================\nCould someone please tell me the Best FTP'able viewer available for MSDOS\nI am running a 486 33mhz with SVGA monitor.\nI need to look at gifs mainly and it would be advantageous if it ran\nunder windows...........thanks\n",
  u'From: hall@boi.hp.com (Hal Leifson)\nSubject: Re: [lds] kermit\'s reply [was: Re: Tony Rose was : FREE BOOK OF MORMON\nOrganization: Hewlett-Packard / Boise, Idaho\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1.4 PL6]\nLines: 83\n\nRobert Weiss (psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu) wrote:\n:\n (lots of stuff about the Nicene Creed deleted which can be read in the\n  original basenote.  I will also leave it up to other LDS netters to\n  take Mr. Weiss to task on using Mormon Doctrine to declare the difinitive\n  word on what the LDS Church teaches as doctrine.  Hopefully the LDS \n  netters will be amiable in their explanation.)\n\nSince it would do no good to rebut what Mr. Weiss has stated on the origin\nof the Nicene Creed and its status as devine and inspired (I say "no good"\nbecause it cannot be proved through discussion or debate as to whether or not \nthe authors of the Creed were inspired), I leave you (it will be some time \nbefore I post again) with the following thought authored by Eugene England, \nProfessor of English at Brigham Young University.  Mr. England wrote the \nfollowing as part of a book review section in This People\'s magazine (Spring \n1993 edition):\n\n  "I conclude with a little sermon because I believe we will not be a Mormon--\n  or human--family until we can get over labeling and rejecting each other \n  with terms like feminist or patriarchal, liberal or conservative (Christian \n  or non-Christian -- Hal 8^).  When we are tempted to draw a circle around\n  a set of beliefs and traditions and styles and call it American, then exclude\n  those who don\'t fit, it may be well to consider that perhaps the most central\n  defining characteristic of a good American might be "one who doesn\'t draw\n  exclusive circles" -- that the surest way of excluding ourselves from the \n  central American ideal is by excluding others.  And when we are tempted to\n  draw a circle around "Mormon" or "Christian," to decide who is "orthodox"\n  and who isn\'t by how much they agree with us, it might be well to consider\n  that the central pillar of Christ\'s "orthodoxy" is our ability to love\n  unconditionally those who are different and include them in our family.\n\n  "I recently spent some time in a "Christian" bookstore in California. The\n  service was excellent, the clerks and customers all smiling, neat, and\n  well-scrubbed, and there were the expected wholesome offerings of scriptural\n  commentaries, sentimental fiction, and collections of evangelistic sermons.\n  But I was dismayed to find how much shelf space was given to attacking \n  others, often viciously---whether the political left, our modern American\n  culture, or other religions.  A whole section was devoted to "Cults and the\n  Occult," and as you might expect, Mormonism was right there under the same\n  rubric and indictment (often by the same authors) as Satanism.  And I found\n  I could either rent or buy (in English or Spanish) copies of The God Makers\n  (that absurdly inaccurate, even libelous, but very popular and dangerous\n  anti-Mormon film that uses exaclty the same techniques and even accusations\n  of the Nazi films that scapegoated Jews in the 1930s).\n\n  "It seems to me one major indication that a person is a genuine convert to\n  Christ and his redemptive love is his lack of paranoia and anxiety ("Perfect\n  love casteth out fear," I John 4:18).  I have always been pleased that the\n  LDS Church has not engaged in attacks on other faiths, though I find a \n  disheartening increase in willingness of individual Mormons to engage in the\n  same kinds of stereotyping and scapegoating---and even threats of coercive\n  action---as the "religious right wing" has launched this year against the\n  political left and American cultural and religious styles they don\'t like.\n  It is a fearful irony that in so doing Mormons take common cause with the\n  very people who have most slanderously attacked Mormons---people who would,\n  if they had power, forcefully restrict Mormons\' rights along with those of\n  others they believe to be evil."\n\n\nThe above "sermon" was addressed to the LDS audience who usually subscribe\nto This People\'s magazine, but would certainly apply to all of us who\nrely on the mercies and grace of Jesus Christ to bring us back into His\narms.  \n\nEven though the LDS Church claims devine authority to exercise the principles \nof the restored gospel---as in the days of Christ, the Church does not claim \nperfection and infallibility in how those with authoritative status have or do \nnow lead the Church.  I, for one, do not wish to be labelled "Christian", if \nthose who profess themselves as Christians attack my beliefs because they are \nintollerent (for example) of the way my religion may interpret Biblical \nscriptures of the same source to have a different meaning and implication \nthan mainstream Christianity would give it.  Once again, being in the \nmajority does NOT in and of itself PROVE anything except that your collective \nvoice is louder.  That\'s really all the critics of the LDS Church have to stand\non in terms of the kind of Biblical interpretation used as proof to counter \nthe LDS Church\' interpretation!  Using someone elses biased research of truths \nand non-truths (whose to say what the mixture is?) as an authoritative tool to \ndisprove or discredit is not being fair to anyone, least of all themselves. \nLet us simply agree to disagree, and share beliefs through adult discussion \nand conversation, thereby uplifting everyone.  \n\n \nHal Leifson -- signing off!\n',
  u"From: mathew@mantis.co.uk (mathew)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nLines: 19\nX-Newsreader: rusnews v1.01\n\nfrank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O'Dwyer) writes:\n> I am not a Christian, however I suspect that all flavours of \n> Christianity hold that (a) objective morality exists and (b) their\n> particular interpretation of scripture/revelation/TV is a goodly glimpse\n> of it.  That they may all disagree about (b) says nothing about the truth \n> or falsehood of (a).\n\nActually, they generally claim that (b) their particular interpretation of\nscripture/revelation *is* this objective morality.  That there are two\nconflicting versions of this objective morality does tell us something about\n(a).  It tells us at least one fake objective morality exists.\n\nThe next logical step is to deduce that any given religion's objective\nmorality could be the fake one.  So caveat emptor.\n\n\nmathew\n-- \nAtheism: Anti-virus software for the mind.\n",
  u'From: mcelwre@cnsvax.uwec.edu\nSubject: "The Universe of MOTION" (book review)\nOrganization: University of Wisconsin Eau Claire\nLines: 141\n\n          \n          \n          (Book Review):\n          \n          \n          "THE UNIVERSE OF MOTION", by Dewey B. Larson, 1984, North \n          Pacific Publishers, Portland, Oregon, 456 pages, indexed, \n          hardcover. \n          \n\n               "THE UNIVERSE OF MOTION" contains FINAL SOLUTIONS to \n          most ALL astrophysical mysteries. \n          \n               This book is Volume III of a revised and enlarged \n          edition of "THE STRUCTURE OF THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE", 1959.  \n          Volume I is "NOTHING BUT MOTION" (1979), and Volume II is \n          "THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER" (1988). \n          \n               Most books and journal articles on the subject of \n          astrophysics are bristling with integrals, partial \n          differentials, and other FANCY MATHEMATICS.  In this book, by \n          contrast, mathematics is conspicuous by its absence, except \n          for some relatively simple formulas imbedded in the text.  \n          Larson emphasizes CONCEPTS and declares that mathematical \n          agreement with a theory does NOT guarantee its conceptual \n          validity. \n          \n               Dewey B. Larson was a retired engineer with a Bachelor \n          of Science Degree in Engineering Science from Oregon State \n          University.  He developed the Theory described in his books \n          while trying to find a way to MATHEMATICALLY CALCULATE the \n          properties of chemical compounds based ONLY on the elements \n          they contain. \n          \n               "THE UNIVERSE OF MOTION" describes the astrophysical \n          portions of Larson\'s CONSISTENT, INTEGRATED, COMPREHENSIVE, \n          GENERAL UNIFIED Theory of the physical universe, a kind of \n          "grand unified field theory" that orthodox physicists and \n          astro-physicists CLAIM to be looking for.  It is built on two \n          postulates about the physical and mathematical nature of \n          space and time: \n          \n               (1) The physical universe is composed ENTIRELY of ONE \n          component, MOTION, existing in THREE dimensions, in DISCRETE \n          units, and with two RECIPROCAL aspects, SPACE and TIME. \n          \n               (2) The physical universe conforms to the relations of \n          ORDINARY COMMUTATIVE mathematics, its primary magnitudes are \n          ABSOLUTE, and its geometry is EUCLIDEAN. \n          \n               From these two postulates, Larson was able to build a \n          COMPLETE theoretical universe, from photons and subatomic \n          particles to the giant elliptical galaxies, by combining the \n          concept of INWARD AND OUTWARD SCALAR MOTIONS with \n          translational, vibrational, rotational, and rotational-\n          vibrational motions.  At each step in the development, he was \n          able to match parts of his theoretical universe with \n          corresponding parts in the real physical universe, including \n          EVEN THINGS NOT YET DISCOVERED.  For example, in his 1959 \n          book, he first predicted the existence of EXPLODING GALAXIES, \n          several years BEFORE astronomers started finding them.  They \n          are a NECESSARY CONSEQUENCE of his comprehensive Theory.  And \n          when quasars were discovered, he had a related explanation \n          ready for those also. \n          \n               As a result of his theory, which he called "THE \n          RECIPROCAL SYSTEM", Larson TOTALLY REJECTED many of the \n          sacred doctrines of orthodox physicists and astrophysicists, \n          including black holes, neutron stars, degenerate matter, \n          quantum wave mechanics (as applied to atomic structure), \n          "nuclear" physics, general relativity, relativistic mass \n          increases, relativistic Doppler shifts, nuclear fusion in \n          stars, and the big bang, all of which he considered to be \n          nothing more than MATHEMATICAL FANTASIES.  He was very \n          critical of the AD HOC assumptions, uncertainty principles, \n          solutions in principle, "no other way" declarations, etc., \n          used to maintain them. \n          \n               "THE UNIVERSE OF MOTION" is divided into 31 chapters.  \n          It begins with a description of how galaxies are built from \n          the gravitational attraction between globular star clusters, \n          which are formed from intergalactic gas and dust clouds that \n          accumulate from the decay products of cosmic rays coming in \n          from the ANTI-MATTER HALF of the physical universe.  (Galaxy \n          formation from the MYTHICAL "big bang" is a big mystery to \n          orthodox astronomers.)  He then goes on to describe life \n          cycles of stars and how binary and multiple star systems and \n          solar systems result from Type I supernova explosions of \n          SINGLE stars. \n          \n               Several chapters are devoted to quasars which, according \n          to Larson, are densely-packed clusters of stars that have \n          been ejected from the central bulges of exploding galaxies \n          and are actually traveling FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT \n          (although most of that speed is AWAY FROM US IN TIME). \n          \n               Astronomers and astrophysicists who run up against \n          observations that contradict their theories would find \n          Larson\'s explanations quite valuable if considered with an \n          OPEN MIND.  For example, they used to believe that GAMMA RAY \n          BURSTS originated from pulsars, which exist primarily in the \n          plane or central bulge of our galaxy.  But the new gamma ray \n          telescope in earth orbit observed that the bursts come from \n          ALL DIRECTIONS UNIFORMLY and do NOT correspond with any \n          visible objects, (except for a few cases of directional \n          coincidence).  Larson\'s explanation is that the gamma ray \n          bursts originate from SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS in the ANTI-MATTER \n          HALF of the physical universe, which Larson calls the "cosmic \n          sector".  Because the anti-matter universe exists in a \n          RECIPROCAL RELATION to our material universe, with the speed \n          of light as the BOUNDARY between them, and has THREE \n          dimensions of time and ONLY ONE dimension of space, the \n          bursts can pop into our material universe ANYWHERE seemingly \n          at random. \n          \n               Larson heavily quotes or paraphrases statements from \n          books, journal articles, and leading physicists and \n          astronomers.  In this book, 351 of them are superscripted \n          with numbers identifying entries in the reference list at the \n          end of the book.  For example, a quote from the book \n          "Astronomy: The Cosmic Journey", by William K. Hartmann, \n          says, "Our hopes of understanding all stars would brighten if \n          we could explain exactly how binary and multiple stars \n          form.... Unfortunately we cannot."  Larson\'s book contains \n          LOGICAL CONSISTENT EXPLANATIONS of such mysteries that are \n          WORTHY OF SERIOUS CONSIDERATION by ALL physicists, \n          astronomers, and astrophysicists. \n\n\n               For more information, answers to your questions, etc., \n          please consult my CITED SOURCES (Larson\'s BOOKS). \n\n\n               UN-altered REPRODUCTION and DISSEMINATION of this \n          IMPORTANT Book Review is ENCOURAGED. \n\n          \n                                   Robert E. McElwaine\n                                   B.S., Physics and Astronomy, UW-EC\n                    \n\n',
  u"Subject: Re: Fractal terrain generator?\nFrom: pdbourke@ccu1.aukuni.ac.nz (Paul David Bourke)\nOrganization: University of Auckland, New Zealand.\nKeywords: fractal terrain mac\nLines: 34\n\ndeb47099@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Daniel E. Bradley) writes:\n\n>\tDoes anyone know of a fractal terrain generator for Mac, something\n>\tI could hopefully import into a 3D program like Swivel or Stratavision?\n>\tI know Infini-D has built in capabilities, but I don't have access to\n>\tInfini-D. I downloaded two programs from Umich, in graphics/fractals,\n>\tbut both were from 1990-91 and crashed under System 7. I think they\n>\twere Black and white anyway. Please, email me if you know of anything,\n>\tas I don't check the newsgroups very often.\n>\t\tThanks in advance.\n>\t\t\tDan Bradley deb47099@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu\n\nYes I have written something that creates meshed fractal terrain\nsurfaces for exactly the purpose you require, importing into 3D\nmodelling packages. Be warned, the data content is high and brings\nmany packages to their knees. We use it primarily for MicroStation\nbut it exports DXF, as well as other formats, so you should be OK.\nYou can get it from my FTP mirror site in the US.\nIt is\n   wuarchive.wustl.edu\nmy stuff is located in the\n   mirrors/architec\ndirectory. Please FTP the README file first.\n\n-- \nPaul D Bourke                       School of Architecture, Property, Planning\npdbourke@ccu1.auckland.ac.nz        The University of Auckland\nPh:   +64 -9 373 7999 x7367         Private Bag 92019\nFax:  +64 -9 373 7410               Auckland, New Zealand\n-- \nPaul D Bourke                       School of Architecture, Property, Planning\npdbourke@ccu1.auckland.ac.nz        The University of Auckland\nPh:   +64 -9 373 7999 x7367         Private Bag 92019\nFax:  +64 -9 373 7410               Auckland, New Zealand\n",
  u'From: KINDER@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu (JIM COBB)\nSubject: ET 4000 /W32 VL-Bus Cards\nOrganization: University of Florida, NERDC\nLines: 3\nNNTP-Posting-Host: nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu\nX-Newsreader: NNR/VM S_1.3.2\n\nDoes anyone know of a VL-Bus video card based on the ET4000 /W32 card?\nIf so: how much will it cost, where can I get one, does it come with more\nthan 1MB of ram, and what is the windows performance like?\n',
  u"From: nancyo@fraser.sfu.ca (Nancy Patricia O'Connor)\nSubject: Re: Amusing atheists and agnostics\nOrganization: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada\nLines: 11\n\ntimmbake@mcl.ucsb.edu (Bake Timmons) writes:\n\n>Rule #4:  Don't mix apples with oranges.  How can you say that the\n>extermination by the Mongols was worse than Stalin?  Khan conquered people\n>unsympathetic to his cause.  That was atrocious.  But Stalin killed millions of\n>his own people who loved and worshipped _him_ and his atheist state!!  How can\n>anyone be worse than that?\n\nYou're right.  And David Koresh claimed to be a Christian.\n\n\n",
  u'From: alizard@tweekco.uucp (A.Lizard)\nSubject: Re: Rosicrucian Order(s) ?!\nOrganization: Tweek-Com Systems BBS, Moraga, CA (510) 631-0615\nLines: 32\n\nalamut@netcom.com (Max Delysid (y!)) writes:\n\n> In article <1qppef$i5b@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony\n> >\n> >     Name just three *really* competing Rosicrucian Orders. I have\n> >probably spent more time than you doing the same. \n> >\n> >     None of them are spin-offs from O.T.O. The opposite may be the\n> >case. \n> \n> Can we assume from this statement that you are >unequivocally< saying that\n> AMORC is not a spin off of OTO? .. and that in fact, OTO may well be a spin\n> off of AMORC??\n> i would be quite interested in hearing what evidence you have to support this\n> claim. \n> \n> \n\nWell, there is a fair amount of evidence floating around that indicates\nthat OTO has been around since at least the late 1800s, long before\nCrowley ever heard of it, how long has AMORC been around? (yes, I know\nthat they claim to have existed as an organization clear into prehistory,\nbut I doubt that they have any organizational paperwork\nas a non-profit that can be carbon-dated to 20,000 BC)\n                                             A.Lizard\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\nA.Lizard Internet Addresses:\nalizard%tweekco%boo@PacBell.COM        (preferred)\nPacBell.COM!boo!tweekco!alizard (bang path for above)\nalizard@gentoo.com (backup)\nPGP2.2 public key available on request\n',
  u'From: drickel@bounce.mentorg.com (Dave Rickel)\nSubject: Re: So I\'m an idiot, what else is new?\nOriginator: drickel@bounce\nNntp-Posting-Host: bounce.mentorg.com\nOrganization: Mentor Graphics \nKeywords: \nLines: 17\n\n\nIn article <9303311213.AA49462@jsc.nasa.gov>, mcelwre@cnsvax.uwec.edu (R. E. McElwaine) writes:\n|> RUSSIA\'S OPERATIVE\n|> \n|>                In March 1993, Russian President Boris Yeltsin\n|>           proposed to the United States and the United Nations a global\n|>           defense shield (with "Star Wars"-type weapons) AGAINST\n...\n\nFunny.  A bit disturbing.  Forging a posting seems somewhat unethical, even\nif the subject is as notorious as McElwaine.\n\nFollowups should definitely not go to sci.space.\n\n\ndavid rickel\ndrickel@sjc.mentorg.com\n',
  u"From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: Gospel Dating\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 22\n\nJim Perry (perry@dsinc.com) wrote:\n\n: The Bible says there is a God; if that is true then our atheism is\n: mistaken.  What of it?  Seems pretty obvious to me.  Socrates said\n: there were many gods; if that is true then your monotheism (and our\n: atheism) is mistaken, even if Socrates never existed.\n\n\nJim,\n\nI think you must have come in late. The discussion (on my part at\nleast) began with Benedikt's questioning of the historical acuuracy of\nthe NT. I was making the point that, if the same standards are used to\nvalidate secular history that are used here to discredit NT history,\nthen virtually nothing is known of the first century.\n\nYou seem to be saying that the Bible -cannot- be true because it\nspeaks of the existence of God as it it were a fact. Your objection\nhas nothing to do with history, it is merely another statement of\natheism.\n\nBill\n",
  u'From: jvigneau@cs.ulowell.edu (Joe Vigneau)\nSubject: Re: [soc.motss, et al.] "Princeton axes matching funds for Boy Scouts"\nIn-Reply-To: bevans@carina.unm.edu\'s message of 4 Apr 1993 12:19:20 GMT\nOrganization: -\n\t<1993Apr3.214557.24073@midway.uchicago.edu> <1pmjo8INN2l0@lynx.unm.edu>\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <1pmjo8INN2l0@lynx.unm.edu> bevans@carina.unm.edu (Mathemagician) writes:\n\n   Just what do gay people do that straight people don\'t?\n\nAbsolutely nothing.\n\nI\'m a VERY straight(as an arrow), 17-year old male that is involved in the BSA.\n\nI don\'t care what gay people do among each other, as long as they don\'t make\npasses at me or anything.  At my summer camp where I work, my boss is gay.\nNot in a \'pansy\' way of gay (I know a few), but just \'one of the guys\'.\nHe doesn\'t push anything on me, and we give him the same respect back, due\nto his position.\n\nIf anything, the BSA has taught me, I don\'t know, tolerance or something.\nBefore I met this guy, I thought all gays were \'faries\'.  So, the BSA HAS\ntaught me to be an antibigot.\n\nBasically, It comes down to this: What you do among yourself is your own\nbusiness. No one else has the right to tell you otherwise, unless it\nviolates someone else\'s civil rights.\n',
  u'Subject: Re: What planets are habitable\nFrom: steveg@arc.ug.eds.com\nDistribution: sci\nOrganization: EDS SCICON, GDS Solutions, Cambridge, UK\nNntp-Posting-Host: 55661\nNntp-Posting-User: steveg\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <C659w7.IyD@fs7.ece.cmu.edu>, loss@fs7.ECE.CMU.EDU (Doug Loss) writes:\n> In article <JPG.93Apr27135219@holly.bnr.co.uk> jpg@bnr.co.uk (Jonathan P. Gibbons) writes:\n\n>>I would appreciate any thoughts on what makes a planet habitable for Humans.\n>>I am making asumptions that life and a similar atmosphere evolve given a range\n>>of physical aspects of the planet.  The question is what physical aspects\n>>simply disallow earth like conditions.\n>> [deleted]\n\n>>\n>    Dandridge Cole and Isaac Asimov collaborated on a book titled,\n> "Habitable Planets for Man" (I think) in 1964.  It should be available\n> in most good libraries, or through inter-library loan.\n> \n\nThis is the high-school science version; the original Rand study by\nStephen H Dole "Planets for Man" gives the harder numbers & graphs &\nsuch (but predates Michael Hart\'s (& later) work on continuously \nhabitable zones)\n',
  u'From: wallacen@CS.ColoState.EDU (nathan wallace)\nSubject:  Level 5\nReply-To: wallacen@CS.ColoState.EDU\nNntp-Posting-Host: sor.cs.colostate.edu\nOrganization: Colorado State University -=- Computer Science Dept.\nLines: 15\n\nAccording to a Software engineering professor here, what was actually rated\nlevel five was an ibm unit which produced part of the software for the shuttle,\nby not means all of it. \n\nInteresting note: 90% of the software development groups surveyed were at\nlevel 1. The ibm shuttle groups was the *only* one at level 5!\n\n---\nC/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/\nC/    Nathan F. Wallace                   C/C/           "Reality Is"         C/\nC/    e-mail: wallacen@cs.colostate.edu   C/C/    ancient Alphaean proverb    C/\nC/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/\n \n\n\n',
  u"From: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nSubject: The fact of the theory\nReply-To: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nLines: 74\n\nIn article <C5u6p5.5nx@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu>, adpeters@sunflower.bio.indiana.edu (Andy Peters) writes:\n\n[...stuff deleted...]\n\nAndy-- I think we do agree, given your clarification of how we were \neach using the terms fact and theory.  I'll only add that I\nthink perhaps I feel more strongly about separating them,\nthough your usage is quite valid.\n\n>Note that the fact of evolution is still a theory.  In other words, it\n>could, theoretically, still be falsified and rejected.  But since it's\n>so predictive, and so consistently supported by evidence, it seems\n>pointless to explicitly try to falsify it anymore.\n\nI'll add here that any falsification or rejection does not in any way\nreduce its current usefulness.  So long as it accurately predicts or \ndescribes things we can observe.\n\nNot to be a pain in the ass, but is there any reason you don't\njust say _the theory of evolution_ rather than the _fact of evolution\nis still a theory_.  I'm asking because this whole thread got started\nbecause I was bothered by a post that referred to _the fact of evolution_,\nbasically leaving off the phrase _is still a theory_.  Without a \nclarification, like the one you just gave, just saying _the fact of\nevolution_ has a very different meaning to me.\n>\n>[description of atomic theory, and alternative theories of gravity, deleted]\n>>Both are very useful models that \n>>have no religious overtones or requirements of faith, unless of course you \n>>want to demand that it is a factual physical entity described exactly \n>>the way the theory now formulated talks about it.\n>\n>Here is where you fail to make an important distinction.  You have\n>shoehorned the _facts_ of the _existence_ of gravity and atoms and\n>evolution into one category with the _theories_ which have been\n>proposed to explain the _mechanisms_.  The existence of these things\n>is so predictive as to be considered fact.  The mechanisms, on the\n>other hand, are still worth discussing.  \n\nI'm not sure I agree here.  Again, it may be because I feel stronger\nabout separating terms.  I was trying to say that the _theories_\nproposed to explain the _mechanisms_ and the _mechanisms_ themselves\nare the only realities here.  It is the existence of mechanisms, not \nthe things themselves, that are so predictive as to be considered \nfact (as you would say).  There aren't really little planetary particle \nsystems called atoms out there.  Or I should say, and more to my original \npoint, it would be a leap of faith to say there are, because we observe only \nthe mechanisms.  There is no need to _believe_ there are _actually_\natoms out there as we have decided to think about them.  It's enough\nto discuss the mechanisms.  At any rate, I'm not sure I am being \nany clearer than before, but I thought it was worth a shot.\n\nThe bottom line, though, is I think we agree on two fundamental ideas:\n\n   1. --evolution is a theory supported by observational evidence (my way)\n      --the fact of evolution is a theory supported by observational\n        evidence (your way)\n\n   2. --creation is just an opinion.  If a theist wants to call it\n        a theory then he can.  I won't:  it has no supporting evidence \n\tand it neither predicts nor supports any observations that can\n        be made.  With no mechanisms to talk about, there really isn't\n\tmuch to say.\n\nDo you agree?\n\n-- \n jim halat         halat@bear.com     \nbear-stearns       --whatever doesn't kill you will only serve to annoy you--\n   nyc             i speak only for myself\n\n\n\n\n",
  u'From: sheaffer@netcom.com (Robert Sheaffer)\nSubject: Re: Astronomy Program\nOrganization: Netcom - Online Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <28641@galaxy.ucr.edu> datadec@ucrengr.ucr.edu (kevin marcus) writes:\n>Are there any public domain or shareware astronomy programs which will\n>map out the sky at any given time, and allow you to locate planets, nebulae,\n>and so forth?  If so, is there any ftp site where I can get one?\n\nI posted my public-domain MSDOS program "sunlight.zip" to "sci.astro" yesterday.\nIt easily locates the sun, moon, and planets, and can also be used to\nlocate other objects if you input their Right Ascesion and Declination.\nUse "uudecode" to extract.\n\n\n-- \n  \n        Robert Sheaffer - Scepticus Maximus - sheaffer@netcom.com\n  \n Past Chairman, The Bay Area Skeptics - for whom I speak only when authorized!\n\n         "Marxism and feminism are one and that one is Marxism"\n\n                             - Heidi Hartmann and Amy Bridges,\n                       quoted by Catharine MacKinnon above the first chapter\n                       of her "Toward a Feminist Theory of the State"\n\n',
  u'From: zellner@stsci.edu\nSubject: Re: temperature of the dark sky\nLines: 36\nOrganization: Space Telescope Science Institute\nDistribution: na\n\nIn article <1993Apr28.002214.16544@Princeton.EDU>, richmond@spiff.Princeton.EDU\n(Stupendous Man) writes: \n\n>  (Henry Spencer) writes:\n>> Does anyone have a reference (something I can look up, not just your own\n>> recollections -- I have a few of those myself) on the temperature of the\n>> (night) sky as seen from space?\n>>\n> \n>    Henry, if I read you correctly, you may be asking "If I put a blackbody\n> in interstellar space (\'disregarding the Sun and nearby large warm objects\'),\n> what termperature will it reach in thermal equilibrium with the ambient\n> radiation field?"\n> \n>    If that\'s the case, let me point out that interstellar dust and \n> molecules provide many instances of things that are, well, not-too-far\n> from being blackbodies.  Many different observations, including IRAS\n> and COBE, have determined that interstellar dust grain temperatures\n> can range from 40K to 150K.  \n\nYes, but that\'s because interstellar grains are very poor radiators, not\nremotely black bodies.  As a consequence they are a lot warmer than the\n"ambient".\n \n>    Inside the disk of the galaxy, the temperature varies quite a bit\n> from place to place (how close are you to the nearest OB association,\n> I would guess).  Outside the galaxy, of course, things aren\'t so \n> varied.\n> \n\nWhen I was in graduate school, a long time ago, we used 10,000 deg K with\na DILUTION FACTOR of 10+4 for representative values of the radiant energy\nbackground in the galaxy due to starlight.  \n\nBen\n\n',
  u'From: gfk39017@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (George F. Krumins)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters. Where are they?\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 21\n\nkwp@wag.caltech.edu (Kevin W. Plaxco) writes:\n\n>In article <27APR199320210230@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov> abdkw@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov (David Ward) writes:\n\n>Demonstrating that these puppies are beyond the oort cloud would \n>require resolution on the order of arcseconds, since the oort \n>cloud is postulated to extend to about 0.5 parsec (all together \n>now: "Parallax ARc SECond", a parsec is the distance of an object \n>that demonstrates one arc second of parallax with a 2 AU base line).\n\nAccording to my *Glossary of Astronomy and Astrophysics*:\n"parsec (abbreviation for parallax second) \tThe distance at which\none astronomical unit subtends an angle of 1 second of arc.  1 pc =\n206,265 AU = 3.086 X 10^13 km = 3.26 lt-yr."\n\nGeorge\n-- \n|  George Krumins                     /^\\        The Serpent and the Rainbow  | \n|  gfk39017@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu       <^^. .^^>                                  |\n|  Pufferfish Observatory          <_ (o) _>                                  |\n|                                     \\_/                                     | \n',
  u'From: mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee)\nSubject: The Laws of God (was Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!)\nOrganization: Royal Roads Military College, Victoria, B.C.\nLines: 102\n\n\nIn article <1r4e63INN2kb@owl.csrv.uidaho.edu>, lanphi872@moscow.uidaho.edu (Rob Lanphier) writes:\n|>\n|> These are two conflicting statements.  To say one is a clarification of the\n|> other is a breach of logic.  I don\'t mind people shifting their position on\n|> an issue.  It irritates me when it is said under the premise that no change\n|> was made.  What about Deuteronomy 22:20-25?  Is it wrong now?  Did Jesus\n|> change that?\n|> \n|> : If anything, He clarified the Law such as in that quote you made.  In the\n|> : following verses, Jesus takes several portions of the Law and expounds upon\n|> : the Law giving clearer meaning to what God intended.\n|> \n|> Sure he does this.  However, he doesn\'t address the notion of stoning\n|> non-virgin brides, because this needs no clarification.  Are you going to\n|> deny that Deuteronomy 22:20-25 is not patently clear in its intent?\n|>\n\nI see what you are getting at (or at least I think I do).  Correct me if\nI am mistaken, but I *think* you are asking me if I still believe that we\nshould uphold all of the Laws pertaining to capital punishment for such\nthings as adultery, rape and other heinous crimes.  As you may recall,\nJesus was confronted by this same question in regards to the adultress\nwho was caught in the act and brought before Jesus.  And His reply, "Let\nhe who is without sin cast the first stone."  Jesus does not deny the\nsentence that is to due for this violation of the Law.  What do you think\nof this?\n\n|> \n|> : I think you will agree with me that there are in today\'s world, a lot of\n|> : modern-day Pharisees who know the bible from end to end but do not believe\n|> : in it.  What good is head knowledge if there is nothing in the heart?\n|> \n|> I\'ll agree that there is a lot of modern day Pharisees that know the Bible\n|> from end to end and don\'t believe in it.  Depending on how they use this\n|> knowledge, they can be scary.  They can argue any position they desire, and\n|> back it up with selected parts of the Bible.  Such Pharisees include David\n|> Koresh and Adolph Hitler.  I will qualify this by saying *I don\'t know* if\n|> they actually believed what they were preaching, but the ends certainly\n|> made the means look frightening.\n|>\n\nAgreed.  :)\n \n|> However, just as scary are those that don\'t know much of the Bible, but\n|> believe every word.  In fact, this is probably scarier, since there are far\n|> more of these people, from what I\'ve seen.  In addition, they are very easy\n|> to manipulate by the aforementioned Pharisees, since they don\'t know enough\n|> to debate with these people.\n|> \n\nAgreed also.  If one is to use the Bible as a reference, one must always be\nopen to different interpretations.  As a Christian, I have the Spirit of God\nto verify what I believe in the Word.  If what the Spirit tells me is not\nbacked up in scripture then the spirit I am communicating with is not of\nGod.  After all, Jesus tells us to "test the spirits" to know for sure that\nit is from God.\n\n|>\n|> : Christianity is not just a set of rules; it\'s a lifestyle that changes one\'s\n|> : perspectives and personal conduct.  And it demands obedience to God\'s will.\n|> \n|> No, it demands obedience to a book.  If God came down and personally told\n|> me how I should behave, then I would say that I would be doing God\'s will\n|> by doing it.  However, if preachers, pastors, and evangelists tell me to\n|> obey the will of a book written by people who have been dead for close to\n|> two millenia (even longer for the OT), even if I follow everything in it\n|> with my heart, I could scarcely be honest with myself by saying I\'m doing\n|> the will of God.\n|>\n\nI obey what the Spirit of God tells me to do.  The Spirit will not violate\nanything that is written in the Bible because that is the Word of God.  I do\nnot worship pastors, preachers, my wife, my mother or my father.  What they\ntell me does not carry the weight of what God tells me to do and His commands\nare rienforced in the Bible.\n \n|> : Some people can live by it, but many others cannot or will not.  That is\n|> : their choice and I have to respect it because God respects it too.\n|> \n|> Well, if God respects it so much, how come there is talk in the Bible about\n|> eternal damnation for non-believers?  I see little respect eminating from\n|> the god of the Bible.  I see a selfish and spiteful god.\n|>\n\nEternal damnation is the consequence of the choice one makes in rejecting\nGod.  If you choose to jump off a cliff, you can hardly blame God for you \ngoing *splat* at the bottom.  He knows that if you choose to jump, that \nyou will die but He will not prevent you from making that choice.  In fact,\nHe sent His Son to stand on the edge of the cliff and tell everyone of what\nlies below.  To prove that point, Jesus took that plunge Himself but He being\nGod was able to rise up again.  I have seen the example of Christ and have \nchosen not to jump and I\'m trying to tell you not to jump or else you\'ll \ngo *splat*.\n \nYou don\'t have to listen to me and I won\'t stop you if you decide to jump.\nI only ask that you check it out before taking the plunge.  You owe it to\nyourself.  I don\'t like seeing anyone go *splat*.\n\nGod be with you,\n \nMalcolm Lee  :)\n',
  u'From: ing1023@ee.up.ac.za (ING1023)\nSubject: Vatican library\nOrganization: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria\nLines: 8\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mccartney.ee.up.ac.za\n\n\n\n The Vatican library recently made a tour of the US.\n Can anyone help me in finding a FTP site where this collection is \n available.\n\n Thanx in advance\n J. Watson\n',
  u"From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: Solar Sail Data\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <1qk4qf$mf8@male.EBay.Sun.COM> almo@packmind.EBay.Sun.COM writes:\n>Hey!? What happened to the solar sail race that was supposed to be\n>for Columbus+500?\n\nThere was a recession, and none of the potential entrants could raise any\nmoney.  The race organizers were actually supposed to be handling part of\nthe fundraising, but the less said about that the better.\n-- \nAll work is one man's work.             | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\n                    - Kipling           |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n",
  u'From: lewism@aix.rpi.edu (Michael C. Lewis)\nSubject: Re: Delaunay Triangulation\nNntp-Posting-Host: aix.rpi.edu\nOrganization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <lsk1v9INN93c@caspian.usc.edu> zyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh) writes:\n>\n>Does anybody know what Delaunay Triangulation is?\n>Is there any reference to it? \n>Is it useful for creating 3-D objects? If yes, what\'s the advantage?\n\nIt is used to create a TIN (triangulated irregular network), which is\nbasically a bunch of triangles which form a surface over a group of\npoints.  What is special about it is that the triangles formed are the \nmost equalateral possible.  Check out "Proceedings of AutoCarto N" where\nN is 8..10.  Sorry, I don\'t have a specific reference describing the\nprocess.\n-Michael\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: dotsonm@dmapub.dma.org (Mark Dotson)\nSubject: Fragmentation\nOrganization: Dayton Microcomputer Association; Dayton, Ohio\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nLines: 49\n\n\nThe primary problem in human nature is a "fragmentation of being."\nHumans are in a state of tension, a tension of opposites. Good and\nevil are the most thought provoking polarities that come to mind.\n\nThe Bible provides us with many examples of the fragmentation of\nbeing. The warring opposites within us are a product of man\'s\nrebellion against God, which is described so vividly in the pages of\nthe Scriptures.\n\nMan was created with the order to become a god. Those were the words\nof St.  Basil in the fourth century. What he was trying to say was\nthat God created man to be a partaker of the divine nature. In the\nEastern Orthodox Church, this is called "theosis," or "deification."\n\nOne can also say that man was created to be whole, i.e. spirit, soul,\nand body operating in unison. The story of Adam and Eve is a picture\nof the archetypal humans before obtaining moral consciousness. Theirs\nwas a harmonious relationship with each other, the world, and the\nCreator. That innocent harmony was shattered when they disobeyed God,\ntheir natural wholeness falling apart into two seemingly\nirreconcilable halves. Immediately, guilt and fear was manifested in\ntheir lives. They become bound to hardship, toil, and suffering.  This\nis symbolized in their exile from the paradisiac state.\n\nThe beast in the jungle does not possess moral consciousness. If it\nwere to receive this self-awareness, the knowledge of good and evil,\nits paradisiac state would also be destroyed.\n\nWas it the intention of the Creator to leave man in this state of\ninnocence all the days of his existence on earth? Or was the gaining\nof self-awareness carefully staged by God, who did not desire that His\nmasterpiece, mankind, be a blissful idiot?\n\nGod must have known that, for mankind to achieve any kind of moral\nvalue, he must pass through a confrontation with the opposites. There\nis no other way to achieve union with God.\n\nJesus Christ is the answer to the problem of the warring polarities.\nHe was the perfectly integrated individual, reconciling the opposites,\nand making it possible for us to be integrated, i.e. to become God,\nnot in His essence, but in His energies.\n\nThe opposites is THE Christian problem. The Apostle Paul describes it\nwith the utmost precision in Romans 7:15-24. And he follows with the\nanswer to his dilemma in vs 25.\n\n                                 Mark\n\n',
  u'From: m23364@mwunix.mitre.org (James Meritt)\nSubject: See? ( was Re: Apology to Jim Meritt (Was: Silence is concurance)\nNntp-Posting-Host: mwunix.mitre.org\nOrganization: MITRE Corporation, McLean VA\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 45\n\nIn article <9473@blue.cis.pitt.edu> joslin@pogo.isp.pitt.edu (David Joslin) writes:\n}m23364@mwunix.mitre.org (James Meritt) writes:\n}>}So stop dodging the question.  What is hypocritical about my\n}>}criticizing bad arguments, given that I do this both when I agree\n}>}with the conclusion and when I disagree with the conclusion?  \n}>\n}>You are the one who has claimed to possess the fruits of precognition,\n}>telepathy, and telempathy.  Divine it yourself.\n}\n}Another dodge.  Oh well.  I\'m no match for your amazing repertoire\n}of red herrings and smoke screens.  \n}\n}You asked for an apology.  I\'m not going to apologize for pointing out\n}that your straw-man argument was a straw-man argument.  Nor for saying\n}that your list of "bible contradictions" shows such low standards of\n}scholarship that it should be an embarrassment to anti-inerrantists,\n}just as Josh McDowell should be an embarrassment to the fundies.  Nor\n}for objecting various times to your taking quotes out of context.  Nor\n}for pointing out that "they do it too" is not an excuse. Nor for calling\n}your red herrings and smoke screens what they are.\n\nHow about the following inaccurate, unsubstantiated accusations:\nIn 8257@blue.cis.pitt.edu\n>Jim has been threatening\n\t- but no "threat" produced \n>once he realized that\n\t- display of telepathy\n>threatening to quote me\n\t- in spite of no "threat" produced, nor forecast ever happening (precognition?)\n>responding Jim\'s threat to quote me\n\t- in spite of claimed threat never being given\n>Jim, preparing to...\n\t- in spite of it never happening.  telepathy or precognition?\n>Jim again, still mystified\n\t- unsubstantiated and untrue.  more telepathy?  Or maybe telempathy?\n>Jim, still scandalized\n\t- unsubstantiated again.  Seems to be a habit...\n\nHaving more trouble with reality, it appears.  Why get bothered with the facts when\nyou appear to have the products of paranatural divination methods?\n\n\n*yawn*\n\n\n',
  u"From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nDistribution: na\nLines: 30\n\nMaddi Hausmann (madhaus@netcom.com) wrote:\n\n: But how do we know that you're representing the REAL Christians?\n: ;-)\n\n: Bill, you're an asshole.  Get lost.\n\nMaddi,\n\nI see that you still can't grasp the obvious, is it because your are devious\nby nature, or can you only find fault with an argument by\nmisrepresenting it?\n\nI plainly said that I was stating the Christian position as I\nunderstand it, I did not say whether I agree with it since my point\nwas that the only flaws in that position are those atheists invent.\nI have never claimed to be an expert on anything and especially\nChristianity, but I have made it an object of pretty intense study\nover the years, so I feel qualified to discuss what its general\npropositions are.\n\nWhat offends you is that I have exposed the distortions and\nmisrepresentations of Christianity you contrive and then rail against,\n(which seems more like the classical strawman dodge than what I said)\nThis leaves you with nothing but to attack but me. As usual, you\navoid the larger issues by picking away at the insignificant stuff, why not\nfind one particular thing in my post that we can discuss, or can you\neven tell me what the issues are?\n\nBill\n",
  u'From: bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine)\nSubject: Re: What\'s a shit shoveler to do? (was Re: Amusing atheists and)\nOrganization: Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, Or.\nLines: 37\n\nIn article <1qvn1pINNj90@shelley.u.washington.edu> jimh@carson.u.washington.edu (James Hogan) writes:\n>\n>When the various Bill Conners and Bobbys post here, I felt that \n>their passive-aggressive "knock that chip off my shoulder"\n>type of approach meant that attempts at reasoned argument \n>would be wasted.   I still think that.  However, while more \n>primitive responses (teasing, bronx cheers, sarcasm) are somewhat\n>satisfying ( :-)  apologies to anyone who still thinks Bobby is\n>a performance artist! ), some of them feed in to a pointless,\n>circular round of ad hominem name-calling.  Witness:\n>\n\n  Precisely my position.  \n\n  As a newbie, I tried the point-by-point approach to debate with\n  these types.  It wasted both my time and my lifespan.  Ignoring\n  them is not an option, since they don\'t go away, and doing so\n  would leave one with large stretches of complete anonymity in this\n  group.\n\n  What\'s left?  Healthy flaming.  I\'m sure on occassion I\'ve\n  appeared to be little more than a caustic boob to some of the\n  Bobby types.  But why waste breath arguing with someone whose most\n  rational though process involves his excretory system?\n\n  And I stand by my record of recognizing these people long before\n  most of the rest of the group.  So let\'s see what this Timmons\n  character has in store for us...\n\n/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\ \n\nBob Beauchaine bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM \n\nThey said that Queens could stay, they blew the Bronx away,\nand sank Manhattan out at sea.\n\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n',
  u"From: rkwmo@pukrs3.puk.ac.za (MNR M OOSTHUYSEN)\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\nOrganization: PU vir CHO/PU for CHE\nLines: 33\n\nIn article <9304141620.AA01443@dangermouse.mitre.org> jmeritt@mental.mitre.org writes:\n\n>Leviticus 21:9\n>And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing the\n>whore, she profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire.\n\n>Deuteronomy 22:20-21\n>...and the tokens of virginity be not found for the damsel: then they shall\n>bring out the damsel to the door of her father's house, and the men of the\n>city shall stone her with stones that she die...\n\n>Deuteronomy  22:22\n>If a man be found lying with a woman married to a husband, then they shall\n>both of them die...\n\n>Deuteronomy 22:23-24\n>If a damsel that is a virgin be betrothed unto a husband, and a man find her\n>in the city, and lie with her; then ye shall bring them both out unto the\n>gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with stones that they die...\n\n>Deuteronomy 22:25\n>BUT if a man find a betrothed damsel in the field, and the man force her,\n>and lie with her: then the man only that lay with her shall die.\n\nIF it were'nt for the sin of men, none of this killing would have been \nnecesarry, He is KIND and LOVING, but also RIGHTEOUS, \nSIN MUST BE PUNISHED.\n\nBefore Jesus, man had to take the sins on himself.\nBut Jesus died and took it all upon Him, so now we also have a FORGIVING GOD.\n\nIf He were not KIND and LOVING, there wouldn't have been any people left.\n\n",
  u"From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: Allah Akbar and Praise the Lord.\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 15\n\nMaddi Hausmann (madhaus@netcom.com) wrote:\n: \n: And thank the Lord that Bill Connor has returned to set\n: us straight!  Now I know I can die happy when my Lexus\n: SE400 wipes out on that rain-slick curve in 1997.  The\n: rest of you had best straighten up, because your time \n: is even more limited.  Most of you are going in the Flu\n: of 1994.\n\nMaddi,\n\nYou know you're glad to have me visit ...\nBut I won't stay long this time, just shopping around.\n\nBill\n",
  u'From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 25\nNNTP-Posting-Host: lloyd.caltech.edu\n\nlivesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n\n>> The probability that the "automobile system" will kill someone \n>> innocent in an accident goes asymptotically close to 1, just \n>> like the court system.\n>However, anyone who doesn\'t like the "automobile system" can\n>opt out, as I have.\n\nThis isn\'t true.  Many people are forced to use the "automobile system."\nI certainly don\'t use it by choice.  If there were other ways of getting\naround, I\'d do it.\n\n>Secondly, we do try to make the "automobile system" as safe\n>as possible, because we *do* recognize the danger to the \n>innocent, whereas the US - the current example - is not trying\n>to make the "Court System" safer, which it could fairly easily\n>do by replacing fatal punishments with non-fatal punishments.\n\nBut I think that the Court system has been refined--over hundreds of\nyears in the US, Britain, and other countries.  We have tried to make\nit as fair as possible.  Can it be made better (without removing the\ndeath penalty)?  Besides, life imprisonment sounds like a fatal punishment\nto me.\n\nkeith\n',
  u'From: af774@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Chad Cipiti)\nSubject: 3D Shark?\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 15\nReply-To: af774@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Chad Cipiti)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nHi.  I\'m looking for a 3D shark for use in a ray tracing rountine I\'m doing.\n I\'ll be using Vivid or POV, but it can be in any format.  Are there any\n FTP sites with 3D objects or does anyone have a good 3D shark?\n\nThanks alot!\n\nChad\n\n\n-- \n      ....                 New in 1993                                \n ~  ~~ :::::.~~~ ~ ~    Sea World of Ohio           Chad Cipiti         \n~ ~~  ::SHARK:. ~  ~                         cipiti@bobcat.ent.ohiou.edu\n ~~ .:ENCOUNTER:. ~~     "Make Contact."     af774@cleveland.freenet.edu\n',
  u"From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: thoughts on christians\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 17\n\nEd McCreary (edm@twisto.compaq.com) wrote:\n: >>>>> On 16 Apr 93 05:10:18 GMT, bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) said:\n\n: RB> In article <ofnWyG600WB699voA=@andrew.cmu.edu> pl1u+@andrew.cmu.edu (Patrick C Leger) writes:\n: >EVER HEAR OF\n: >BAPTISM AT BIRTH?  If that isn't preying on the young, I don't know what\n: >is...\n: >\n: RB>   \n: RB>   No, that's praying on the young.  Preying on the young comes\n: RB>   later, when the bright eyed little altar boy finds out what the\n: RB>   priest really wears under that chasible.\n\nDoes this statement further the atheist cause in some way, surely it's\nnot intended as wit ...\n\nBill\n",
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 25\n\nIn article <markp.735230393@elvis.wri.com>\nmarkp@elvis.wri.com (Mark Pundurs) writes:\n \n>>Atoms are not objective.  They aren\'t even real.  What scientists call\n>>an atom is nothing more than a mathematical model that describes\n>>certain physical, observable properties of our surroundings.  All\n>>of which is subjective.\n>\n>Omigod, it\'s an operationalist! Sorry, Jim, but the idea that a theory\n>explaining a myriad of distinctly different observations is merely a\n>"model" is more than sensible people can accept -- your phobia about\n>objective reality notwithstanding.\n \n \nThe point about its being real or not is that one does not waste time with\nwhat reality might be when one wants predictions. The questions if the\natoms are there or if something else is there making measurements indicate\natoms is not necessary in such a system.\n \nAnd one does not have to write a new theory of existence everytime new\nmodels are used in Physics.\n \nDon\'t forget to prove your last sentence, namely that sensible don\'t\naccept that.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u'From: apryan@vax1.tcd.ie\nSubject: URGENT EMAIL: NASA BUDGET?\nLines: 13\nNntp-Posting-Host: vax1.tcd.ie\nOrganization: Trinity College Dublin\nLines: 13\n\nWhat is NASA\'s annual budget?\nThis year will do, a few years back wpuld be nice too\nbut I need this item fast so emails off the top of your head very\nmuch appreciated (FAQs vanish here!).\n\n-Tony Ryan, "Astronomy & Space", new International magazine, available from:\n              Astronomy Ireland, P.O.Box 2888, Dublin 1, Ireland.\n6 issues (one year sub.): UK 10.00 pounds, US$20 surface (add US$8 airmail).\nACCESS/VISA/MASTERCARD accepted (give number, expiration date, name&address).\n\n  (WORLD\'S LARGEST ASTRO. SOC. per capita - unless you know better? 0.034%)\n                             up another notch as of end April 1993!-----^\nTel: 0891-88-1950 (UK/N.Ireland) 1550-111-442 (Eire). Cost up to 48p per min\n',
  u"From: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nSubject: Islam is caused by believing (was Re: Genocide is Caused by Theism)\nReply-To: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nLines: 40\n\n\n\nIn article <1993Apr13.173100.29861@ultb.isc.rit.edu> snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu (S.N. Mozumder ) writes:\n\n>>I'm only saying that anything can happen under atheism.  Being a\n>>beleiver, a knowledgeable one in religion, only good can happen.\n\nThis is becoming a tiresome statement.  Coming from you it is \na definition, not an assertion:\n\n   Islam is good.  Belief in Islam is good.  Therefore, being a \n   believer in Islam can produce only good...because Islam is\n   good. Blah blah blah.\n\nThat's about as circular as it gets, and equally meaningless.  To\nsay that something produces only good because it is only good that \nit produces is nothing more than an unapplied definition.  And\nall you're application is saying that it's true if you really \nbelieve it's true.  That's silly.\n\nConversely, you say off-handedly that _anything_ can happen under\natheism.  Again, just an offshoot of believe-it-and-it-becomes-true-\ndon't-believe-it-and-it-doesn't.  \n\nLike other religions I'm aquainted with, Islam teaches exclusion and\ncaste, and suggests harsh penalties for _behaviors_ that have no\nlogical call for punishment (certain limits on speech and sex, for\nexample).  To me this is not good.  I see much pain and suffering\nwithout any justification, except for the _waving of the hand_ of\nsome inaccessible god.\n\nBy the by, you toss around the word knowledgable a bit carelessly.\nFor what is a _knowledgeable believer_ except a contradiction of\nterms.  I infer that you mean believer in terms of having faith.\nAnd If you need knowledge to believe then faith has nothing\nto do with it, does it?\n\n-jim halat\n   \n\n",
  u"From: johnh@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu (John J Humpal)\nSubject: Re: images of earth\nOrganization: Homewood Academic Computing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, USA\nLines: 14\nNNTP-Posting-Host: jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.143434.5069@cs.ruu.nl> clldomps@cs.ruu.nl (Louis van Dompselaar) writes:\n\n>So they should sue the newspaper I got it from for printing it.\n>The article didn't say anything about copyrights.\n\n\tThe newspaper itself is almost certainly copyrighted in its\nentirety.  Newspapers generally employ legal staffs which make sure\nthey get permission to use a copyrighted image or text.  Did you\ndo the same?\n-- \n-John\n\nJohn J. Humpal -- johnh@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu -- short .sig, std. disclaimer\n\n",
  u'From: scrowe@hemel.bull.co.uk (Simon Crowe)\nSubject: Point within a polygon\nSummary: Algorithm to find if a point is bound by a polygon\nKeywords: point, polygon\nNntp-Posting-Host: bogart\nOrganization: Bull HN UK\nLines: 7\n\nI am looking for an algorithm to determine if a given point is bound by a \npolygon. Does anyone have any such code or a reference to book containing\ninformation on the subject ?\n\n\t\tRegards\n\n\t\t\tSimon\n',
  u'From: clements@vax.oxford.ac.uk\nSubject: Re: U.S. Government and Science and Technolgy Investment\nOrganization: Oxford University VAX 6620\nLines: 16\n\nIt should be noted that the US benefitted not only from German science and\ntechnology after WW2 but also from British science and technology. From the\ndiscovery and manufacture of penicillin to jet engines, swing wing aircraft,\nthe hovercraft etc etc. all were shipped lock-stick-and-barel across the\nAtlantic. We still are suffering from this sort of thing because of some of the\nmore parochial aspects of US procurement policy. Meiko, a British \nparallel computer company, for example, has now moved most of its facilities to\nthe US since that was the only way it could sell stuff over there.\n                                                                  \n-- \n================================================================================\nDave Clements, Oxford University Astrophysics Department\n================================================================================\nclements @ uk.ac.ox.vax\t\t\t|  Umberto Eco is the *real* Comte de\ndlc      @ uk.ac.ox.astro\t\t|           Saint Germain...\n================================================================================\n',
  u'From: matthew@phantom.gatech.edu (Matthew DeLuca)\nSubject: Re: Boom!  Whoosh......\nOrganization: The Dorsai Grey Captains\nLines: 13\nNNTP-Posting-Host: oit.gatech.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.024423.29182@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu> wdwells@nyx.cs.du.edu (David "Fuzzy" Wells) writes:\n\n>I hear <insert favorite rumor here> that it will supposedly coincide\n>with the Atlanta Olympics. \n\nEven worse, the city of Atlanta has a proposal before it to rent space on this\norbiting billboard.  Considering the caliber of people running this city, \nthere\'s no telling what we\'re going to have leering down at us from orbit.\n-- \nMatthew DeLuca\nGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia, 30332\nuucp:\t  ...!{decvax,hplabs,ncar,purdue,rutgers}!gatech!prism!matthew\nInternet: matthew@phantom.gatech.edu\n',
  u'From: hintmatt@cwis.isu.edu (HINTZE_MATTHEW)\nSubject: Re: Diamond Stelth 24- any good?\nOrganization: Idaho State University, Pocatello\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cwis.isu.edu\n\n    I bought the diamond stealth 24 a few months ago.  it seems to be a\ngreat card especially with my multimedia presentations.  It runs graphics\nand animation as well as some near full motion video very well.  The only\nthing I can tell that it lacks is speed above 256 colors.  Its qualit in\nbetween 256 and 16.7 million collors un unreal but you definitly\ncompromise speed.  It seems to be a great card for graphics and it comes\nwith some great software, but Im not so sure about the excelerator\npart.  I used to own a paridise and it doesnt seem to be much faster\nthan that.  One thing I do like is that it loads its own vesa driver\nfrom ROM at startup, (I think) because I have never had to load it for\nlinks386 or any other programs that require special VESA drivers at\nstartup. \n\n\n\ngromi a16pd\n\n\n                                       HINTMATT@BA.BA.ISU.EDU\n\n\n\n-- \n\n\n\n',
  u"From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Davidians and compassion\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 27\n\nIn article <C5sLAs.B68@blaze.cs.jhu.edu>, arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu\n(Ken Arromdee) wrote:\n> \n> In article <sandvik-190493200420@sandvik-kent.apple.com> sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n> >So we have this highly Christian religious order that put fire\n> >on their house, killing most of the people inside.\n> \n> We have no way to know that the cultists burned the house; it could have been\n> the BATF and FBI.  We only have the government's word for it, after all, and\n> people who started it by a no-knock search with concussion grenades are hardly\n> disinterested observers.\n\nWell, looking at the videos it seems that this fire started in various\nplaces at the same time, which would indicate that this was a planned\naction. I'm sure FBI and BATF didn't *deliberately* start a possible\nfire, having a sniper kill Korresh would have been a far easier \nmethod. Looking at the careful operation, and use of tear gas\nthat as I know don't start fires, it is less likely that this \nwas the case.\n\nSorry, but my bets are on fanatical people keen to start\nArmageddon -- theirs.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n",
  u'From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov\nSubject: Space Station Redesign, JSC Alternative #4\nOrganization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office \nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nLines: 71\n\nI have 19 (2 MB worth!) uuencode\'d GIF images contain charts outlining\none of the many alternative Space Station designs being considered in\nCrystal City.  Mr. Mark Holderman works down the hall from me, and can\nbe reached for comment at (713) 483-1317, or via e-mail at\nmholderm@jscprofs.nasa.gov.\n\nMark proposed this design, which he calls "Geode" ("rough on the\noutside, but a gem on the inside") or the "ET Strongback with\nintegrated hab modules and centrifuge."  As you can see from file\ngeodeA.gif, it uses a Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) in place of much\nof the truss which is currently part of Space Station Freedom.  The\nwhite track on the outside of the ET is used by the Station Remonte\nManipulator System (SRMS) and by the Reaction Control System (RCS)\npod.  This allows the RCS pod to move along the track so that thrusting\ncan occur near the center of gravity (CG) of the Station as the mass\nproperties of the Station change during assembly.\n\nThe inline module design allows the Shuttle to dock more easily because\nit can approach closer to the Station\'s CG and at a structurally strong\npart of the Station.  In the current SSF design, docking forces are\nlimited to 400 pounds, which seriously constrains the design of the\ndocking system.\n\nThe ET would have a hatch installed pre-flight, with little additional\nlaunch mass.  We\'ve always had the ability to put an ET into orbit\n(contrary to some rumors which have circulated here), but we\'ve never\nhad a reason to do it, while we have had some good reasons not to\n(performance penalties, control, debris generation, and eventual\nde-orbit and impact footprint).  Once on-orbit, we would vent the\nresidual H2.  The ET insulation (SOFI) either a) erodes on-orbit from\nimpact with atomic Oxygen, or b) stays where it is, and we deploy a\nKevlar sheath around it to protect it and keep it from contaminating\nthe local space environment.  Option b) has the advantage of providing\nfurther micrometeor protection.  The ET is incredibly strong (remember,\nit supports the whole stack during launch), and could serve as the\nnucleus for a much more ambitious design as budget permits.\n\nThe white module at the end of ET contains a set of Control Moment\nGyros to be used for attitude control, while the RCS will be used\nfor gyro desaturation.  The module also contains a de-orbit system\nwhich can be used at the end of the Station\'s life to perform a\ncontrolled de-orbit (so we don\'t kill any more kangaroos, like we\ndid with Skylab).\n\nThe centrifuge, which has the same volume as a hab module, could be\nused for long-term studies of the effects of lunar or martian gravity\non humans.  The centrifuge will be used as a momentum storage device\nfor the whole attitude control system.  The centrifuge is mounted on\none of the modules, opposite the ET and the solar panels.\n\nThis design uses most of the existing SSF designs for electrical,\ndata and communication systems, getting leverage from the SSF work\ndone to date.\n\nMark proposed this design at Joe Shea\'s committee in Crystal City,\nand he reports that he was warmly received.  However, the rumors\nI hear say that a design based on a wingless Space Shuttle Orbiter\nseems more likely.\n\nPlease note that this text is my interpretation of Mark\'s design;\nyou should see his notes in the GIF files.  \n\nInstead of posting a 2 MB file to sci.space, I tried to post these for\nanon-FTP in ames.arc.nasa.gov, but it was out of storage space.  I\'ll\nlet you all know when I get that done.\n\n-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\n      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368\n\n     "...Development of the space station is as inevitable as \n      the rising of the sun." -- Wernher von Braun\n',
  u'From: markl@hunan.rastek.com (Mark Larsen)\nSubject: Re: Ray tracer for ms-dos?\nOrganization: Rastek Corporation, Huntsville, AL\nLines: 32\n\nIn article <1r1cqiINNje8@srvr1.engin.umich.edu> tdawson@llullaillaco.engin.umich.edu (Chris Herringshaw) writes:\n>\n>Sorry for the repeat of this request, but does anyone know of a good\n>free/shareware program with which I can create ray-traces and save\n>them as bit-mapped files?  (Of course if there is such a thing =)\n>\n>Thanks in advance\n>\n>Daemon\n\nThere are 2 books published by M&T BOOKS that come with C source code on\nfloppies.  They are:\n\nProgramming In 3 Dimensions, 3-D Graphics, Ray Traycing, and Animation\nby: Christopher D. Watkins and Larry Sharp.\n\nPhotorealism and Ray Tracing in C\nby: Christopher D. Watkins, Stephen B. Coy, and Mark Finlay.\n\nI have the first book and it is a great intro to 3-D, Ray Tracing and\nAnimation.  Most of the programs are on the disk compiled and ready to run.\n\nI have only glanced at the second book but it also appears to be good.\n\nHope this helps!\nMark Larsen\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\nmarkl@hunan.rastek.com\n\n"This R2 unit has a bad motivator!"\n   - Luke, Star Wars\n',
  u'From: eric@ithaca.com (Eric Wagner)\nSubject: Re: Email address of ITHACA(HOOPS) ?\nOrganization: Ithaca Software\nLines: 12\n\nIthaca technical support can be reached at:\n\n     tech_support@ithaca.com\n\nor by phone at:\n \n     510-523-5900\n\n-- \nEric Wagner               PP-ASEL-IA\nIthaca Software           Skylane N613WD\neric@ithaca.com           Oakland Flyers\n',
  u'Subject: Re: Christians above the Law? was Clarification of pe\nFrom: NUNNALLY@acs.harding.edu (John Nunnally)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Harding University, Searcy, AR\nNntp-Posting-Host: acs.harding.edu\nX-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.24In-Reply-To: pharvey@quack.kfu.com\'s message of 18 Apr 1993 18:31:38 UTCLines: 87\nLines: 87\n\n> When are we going to hear a Christian answer to this question? \n> \n> In paraphrase: \n> \n> On what or whose authority do Christians proclaim that they\n> are above the Law and above the Prophets (7 major and 12 minor) and not \n> accountable to the Ten Commandments of which Jesus clearly spoke His opinion \n> in Matthew 5:14-19? What is the source of this pseudo-doctrine? Who is\n> the pseudo-teacher? Who is the Great Deceiver?\n\nOK, here\'s at least one Christian\'s answer:\n\nJesus was a JEW, not a Christian.  In this context Matthew 5:14-19 makes\nsense.  Matt 5:17 "Do not think that I [Jesus] came to abolish the Law or\nthe Prophets; I did not come to abolish, but to fulfill."  Jesus lived\nunder the Jewish law.  However, He was the culmination of the promises\nof the Prophets.  He came to *fulfill* the prophecies and fully obey\nGod\'s purposes.\n\nVerse 18 says "For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass\naway, not the smallest letter or stroke shall pass away from the Law,\nuntil all is accomplished."  The key to this verse IMHO is the last \nphrase.  Jesus, as the fulfillment of the law, "accomplished" what the \nLaw was supposed to accomplish.  \n\nVerse 19:  "Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments,\nand so teaches others, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven;\nbut whoever keeps and teaches them, he shall be called great in the\nkingdom of heaven."  Taken in the context of Jesus teaching Jewish \npeople about living lives under the law, this makes sense.\n\nIn general, it appears that Jesus is responding to some criticism he \nmust have received about "doing away with the Law."  That was not \nJesus\' intent at all.  He had come to earth to live the Law as it \nshould be lived and fulfill the promises made by God to his \npeople all the way back to Eve [Gen 3:15-The serpent will bruise your \nheel, but *He* will bruise his head.]  Jesus appeared to be "doing \naway with the Law" because he did not honor the traditions of men as \nequal to the Law of God.  He regularly locked horns with the religious \nleaders of the day because he would not conform to *their* rules, only \nGod\'s Law.\n\nIn the Matthew passage Jesus is defending his dedication to the Law \nand defending himself against his accusors.  Almost the entire Sermon \non the Mount (Matt. 5-7) is dedicated to helping the Jewish people \nunderstand the true intent of the Law, sweeping away the clutter which \nhad been introduced by the Pharasees and their traditions.\n\nIn Galatians 3:23-26, Paul describes the relationship of Jesus to the \nLaw in this way:\n\n[23] But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the law, being \nshut up to the faith which was later to be revealed.  [24] Therefore \nthe Law has become our tutor to lead us to Christ, that we may be \njustified by faith.  [25]  But now that faith has come, we are no \nlonger under a tutor.  [26] For you are all sons of God through faith \nin Christ Jesus.\n\nI believe this says that after Christ was revealed, the Law had \nserved it\'s purpose, i.e. "our tutor to lead us to Christ," and\nnow, "we are no longer under a tutor."  The law has been "fulfilled" \nas Christ said he would do.\n\nGod, the author of the old Law, and the Christ/Man, Jesus, are the same\npersonality.  Therefore, the old Law and the new Testament (the "last\nwill and testament" of Jesus) are based on the same moral principles. \nIt makes sense that many of the principles in the old Law are\nre-expressed in Christianity. \n\nOn the other hand, now that the Law has fulfilled it\'s purpose and \nChristians relate to God through Christ, not the Law, it also makes \nsense that new practices and new symbolisms were established to \nrepresent the "mysteries" of this new relationship.  i.e. Baptism \nrepresenting Christ\'s death, burial, and resurrection (Rom. 6:3-8),\nThe Lord\'s supper as a memorial to His sacrifice (I Cor. 11:26), and\nSunday as a day of worship commemorating His resurrection (Matt 28:1ff,\nActs 20:7)\n\nOK, That\'s one Christian\'s explanation.  I don\'t claim to have all\nthese issues completely settled even in my own mind and I welcome\nother Christians to offer other alternatives.\n\nPlease excuse the long posting.  Thanks for your interest if you have read \nthis far...\n\nJohn Nunnally\nNunnally@acs.Harding.edu\n',
  u'From: ktt3@unix.brighton.ac.uk (Koon Tang)\nSubject: PostScript driver for GINO\nOrganization: The Univerity of Brighton, U.K.\nLines: 15\n\nDoes anybody know where I can get, via anonymous ftp or otherwise, a PostScript\ndriver for the graphics libraries GINO verison 3.0A ?\n\nWe are runnining on a VAX/VMS and are looking for a way outputing our plots to a\nPostScript file...\n\n\nThanks in advance...\n-- \nKoon Tang,                                internet: ktt3@unix.bton.ac.uk\nDepartment of Mathematical Sciences,          uucp: uknet!itri!ktt3\nUniversity of Brighton,\nBrighton,\nBN2 4GJ,\nU.K.\n',
  u"From: ajs8@kimbark.uchicago.edu (adam jeremy schorr)\nSubject: Graphics Needed\nReply-To: ajs8@midway.uchicago.edu\nOrganization: University of Chicago\nLines: 2\n\n\tI'm looking for graphics (clipart, bmp, gif...) of anything relating to ophthalmology (I know it's a weird request). Anything such as eyeglasses, \ncontact lenses, eyes...would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.\n",
  u'From: lee@luke.rsg.hac.com (C. Lee)\nSubject: Re: Crimson (Was: Kubota Announcement?)\nOrganization: Hughes Transportation Simulation Center, HAC; Culver City, CA\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <115072@bu.edu> kiki@PROBLEM_WITH_INEWS_GATEWAY_FILE (Keith Baccki) writes:\n>C. Lee (lee@obiwan.rsg.hac.com) wrote:\n>:  Did you say DEC Alpha?  Upgrade path from [...]\n>:  6xx0: replace.  Upgrade path from VAX 66x0 to Alpha: replace the system.\n\n>\tNot totally fair - you haven\'t mentioned the DECstation\n>series. I think if SGI made CISC mainframes they wouldn\'t provide\n>an upgrade path to an Onyx.\n\nI agree with you about the upgrade path; but I think I was fair.\n\nThe original posting complained (1) about SGI coming out with newer (and\nbetter) architectures and not having an upgrade path from the older ones,\nand (2) that DEC did.\n\nOn statement (1), I merely attempted to point out that all computer\ncompanies are constantly attempting to improve their product (& market\nposition/share).  In so doing, they eventually come to a point where they\nhave a new architecture, and the only upgrade path is to replace the\nsystem.  And the particular system he was complaining about was (in\ncomputer lifetimes) relatively old.\n\nOn statement (2), I felt DEC\'s history of providing upgrades was not far\nsuperior than the industry "average", and that, in my opinion, SGI\'s\nhistory is better than DEC\'s.\n\n(And what is DEC doing with it\'s MIPS based DECstation line?  Are they\ngoing to "abandon" it for their Alpha based line, or provide an upgrade\npath to R4400\'s and TFP\'s and R5\'s?)\n--\n',
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Who\'s next?  Mormons and Jews?\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.180216.7431@gn.ecn.purdue.edu>,\nmechalas@gn.ecn.purdue.edu (John P. Mechalas) wrote:\n>    Either way, I have evidence to support the theory that the BD\'s burned\n> themselves.  You made a serious implication that the FBI was responsible\n> for the fire and the "destruction of the people".  All you have done is\n> put doubt on who started the fire without providing any evidence to back\n> up your claim that the FBI was responsible.\n\nLast night CNN reported that FBI has infrared pictures showing\nthat the fires started in three places at the same time. That \nwould indicate something not resembling an accident.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u"From: rych@festival.ed.ac.uk (R Hawkes)\nSubject: 3DS: Where did all the texture rules go?\nLines: 21\n\nHi,\n\nI've noticed that if you only save a model (with all your mapping planes\npositioned carefully) to a .3DS file that when you reload it after restarting\n3DS, they are given a default position and orientation.  But if you save\nto a .PRJ file their positions/orientation are preserved.  Does anyone\nknow why this information is not stored in the .3DS file?  Nothing is\nexplicitly said in the manual about saving texture rules in the .PRJ file. \nI'd like to be able to read the texture rule information, does anyone have \nthe format for the .PRJ file?\n\nIs the .CEL file format available from somewhere?\n\nRych\n\n======================================================================\nRycharde Hawkes\t\t\t\temail: rych@festival.ed.ac.uk\nVirtual Environment Laboratory\nDept. of Psychology\t\t\tTel  : +44 31 650 3426\nUniv. of Edinburgh\t\t\tFax  : +44 31 667 0150\n======================================================================\n",
  u'From: cmtan@iss.nus.sg (Tan Chade Meng - dan)\nSubject: Re: Why?\nOrganization: Institute Of Systems Science, NUS\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4\nLines: 20\n\nboyd@acsu.buffalo.edu (Daniel F Boyd) writes:\n: \n: If the Bible is such incredible proof of Christianity, then why aren\'t\n: the Muslims or the Hindus convinced?\n: \n: If the Qur\'an is such incredible proof of Islam, then why aren\'t the\n: Hindus or the Christians convinced?\n\nIf God exists, why aren\'t atheists convinced?\n\n--\n\n------------------+--------------------------------------------------------\n                  |\nTan Chade Meng    |   "Yes, sir, I have only ONE question:\nSingapore         | \ncmtan@iss.nus.sg  |    What is going on?!" \n                  |\n------------------+--------------------------------------------------------\n\n',
  u'From: perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry)\nSubject: Re: Where are they now?\nOrganization: Decision Support Inc.\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bozo.dsinc.com\n\nPerhaps it\'s prophetic that the week "Where are they now?" appears and\nI can claim to be a still-active old-timer, my news software gets bit\nrot and ships outgoing articles into a deep hole somewhere...  Anyway,\nhere\'s a repost:\n\nIn article <1qi156INNf9n@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU> tcbruno@athena.mit.edu (Tom Bruno) writes:\n>\n>Which brings me to the point of my posting.  How many people out there have \n>been around alt.atheism since 1990?  I\'ve done my damnedest to stay on top of\n>the newsgroup, but when you fall behind, you REALLY fall behind [...]\n\nThese days you don\'t have to fall far behind... Last Monday\n(admittedly after a long weekend, but...) I had 800+ messages just in\nthose few days.  Aside from a hiatus while changing jobs last Fall\nI\'ve been here since 1990.\n\n>Has anyone tried to\n>keep up with the deluge?  Inquiring minds want to know!  Also-- does anyone\n>keep track of where the more infamous posters to alt.atheism end up, once they\n>leave the newsgroup?  Just curious, I guess.\n\nHell, Norway?  The rubber room at the funny farm?  Seminary?  It is\nnot given to us to know...\n-- \nJim Perry   perry@dsinc.com   Decision Support, Inc., Matthews NC\nThese are my opinions.  For a nominal fee, they can be yours.\n',
  u"From: zyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh)\nSubject: Re: Newsgroup Split\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 18\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: caspian.usc.edu\n\n\nIn article <1quvdoINN3e7@srvr1.engin.umich.edu>, tdawson@engin.umich.edu (Chris Herringshaw) writes:\n|> Concerning the proposed newsgroup split, I personally am not in favor of\n|> doing this.  I learn an awful lot about all aspects of graphics by reading\n|> this group, from code to hardware to algorithms.  I just think making 5\n|> different groups out of this is a wate, and will only result in a few posts\n|> a week per group.  I kind of like the convenience of having one big forum\n|> for discussing all aspects of graphics.  Anyone else feel this way?\n|> Just curious.\n|> \n|> \n|> Daemon\n|> \n\nI agree with you. Of cause I'll try to be a daemon :-)\n\nYeh\nUSC\n",
  u"From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 16\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <C5v09t.1Dq@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu>, bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes: \n|> \n|> Okay all humans are direct descendents of of a bunch of hopeful\n|> monsters. The human race didn't evolve from one set parents, but from\n|> thousands. Do you really base your atheist on -this-?\n\n\nIn article <C5v0zp.1Dq@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu>, bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes:\n|>\n|> Truly a brilliant rebuttal. Apparently you are of the opinion that\n|> ridicule is a suitable substitute for reason; you'll find plenty of\n|> company a.a\n\nBill Conner, meet Bill Conner.\n\njon.\n",
  u'From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Old Spacecraft as NAvigation Beacons!\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr21.001555.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 8\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nOther idea for old space crafts is as navigation beacons and such..\nWhy not?? If you can put them on "safe" "pause" mode.. why not have them be\nactivated by a signal from a space craft (manned?) to act as a naviagtion\nbeacon, to take a directional plot on??\n\nWierd or what?\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n',
  u"From: madhaus@netcom.com (Maddi Hausmann)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nOrganization: Society for Putting Things on Top of Other Things\nDistribution: na\nLines: 20\n\nbil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes: >\n\n>I see that you still can't grasp the obvious, is it because your are devious\n>by nature, or can you only find fault with an argument by\n>misrepresenting it?\n\nGee, since you ignored the entire substance of my substantial\npost, you got a lot of nerve claiming that I don't understand\nwhat's being talked about.\n\nRespond to the previous post or shut the fuck up.  You're\nreally annoying.\n\n\n-- \nMaddi Hausmann                       madhaus@netcom.com\nCentigram Communications Corp        San Jose California  408/428-3553\n\nKids, please don't try this at home.  Remember, I post professionally.\n\n",
  u'From: lochem@fys.ruu.nl (Gert-Jan van Lochem)\nSubject: Dutch: symposium compacte objecten\nSummary: U wordt uitgenodigd voor het symposium compacte objecten 26-4-93\nKeywords: compacte objecten, symposium\nOrganization: Physics Department, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands\nLines: 122\n\nSterrenkundig symposium \'Compacte Objecten\'\n                                             op 26 april 1993\n\n\nIn het jaar 1643, zeven jaar na de oprichting van de\nUniversiteit van Utrecht, benoemde de universiteit haar\neerste sterrenkundige waarnemer. Hiermee ontstond de tweede\nuniversiteitssterrenwacht ter wereld. Aert Jansz, de eerste\nwaarnemer, en zijn opvolgers voerden de Utrechtse sterrenkunde\nin de daaropvolgende jaren, decennia en eeuwen naar de\nvoorhoede van het astronomisch onderzoek. Dit jaar is het 350\njaar geleden dat deze historische benoeming plaatsvond.\n\nDe huidige generatie Utrechtse sterrenkundigen en studenten\nsterrenkunde, verenigd in het Sterrekundig Instituut Utrecht,\nvieren de benoeming van hun \'oervader\' middels een breed scala\naan feestelijke activiteiten. Zo is er voor scholieren een\nplanetenproject, programmeert de Studium Generale een aantal\nvoordrachten met een sterrenkundig thema en wordt op de Dies\nNatalis aan een astronoom een eredoctoraat uitgereikt. Er\nstaat echter meer op stapel.\n\nStudenten natuur- en sterrenkunde kunnen op 26 april aan een\nsterrenkundesymposium deelnemen. De onderwerpen van het\nsymposium zijn opgebouwd rond een van de zwaartepunten van het\nhuidige Utrechtse onderzoek: het onderzoek aan de zogeheten\n\'compacte objecten\', de eindstadia in de evolutie van sterren.\nBij de samenstelling van het programma is getracht de\ndeelnemer een zo aktueel en breed mogelijk beeld te geven van\nde stand van zaken in het onderzoek aan deze eindstadia. In de\neerste, inleidende lezing zal dagvoorzitter prof. Lamers een\nbeknopt overzicht geven van de evolutie van zware sterren,\nwaarna de zeven overige sprekers in lezingen van telkens een\nhalf uur nader op de specifieke evolutionaire eindprodukten\nzullen ingaan. Na afloop van elke lezing is er gelegenheid tot\nhet stellen van vragen. Het dagprogramma staat afgedrukt op\neen apart vel.\nHet niveau van de lezingen is afgestemd op tweedejaars\nstudenten natuur- en sterrenkunde. OOK ANDERE BELANGSTELLENDEN\nZIJN VAN HARTE WELKOM!\n\nTijdens de lezing van prof. Kuijpers zullen, als alles goed\ngaat, de veertien radioteleskopen van de Radiosterrenwacht\nWesterbork worden ingezet om via een directe verbinding tussen\nhet heelal, Westerbork en Utrecht het zwakke radiosignaal van\neen snel roterende kosmische vuurtoren, een zogeheten pulsar,\nin de symposiumzaal door te geven en te audiovisualiseren.\nProf. Kuijpers zal de binnenkomende signalen (elkaar snel\nopvolgende scherp gepiekte pulsen radiostraling) bespreken en\ntrachten te verklaren.\nHet slagen van dit unieke experiment staat en valt met de\ntechnische haalbaarheid ervan. De op te vangen signalen zijn\nnamelijk zo zwak, dat pas na een waarnemingsperiode van 10\nmiljoen jaar genoeg energie is opgevangen om een lamp van 30\nWatt een seconde te laten branden! Tijdens het symposium zal\ner niet zo lang gewacht hoeven te worden: de hedendaagse\ntechnologie stelt ons in staat live het heelal te beluisteren.\n\nDeelname aan het symposium kost f 4,- (exclusief lunch) en\nf 16,- (inclusief lunch). Inschrijving geschiedt door het\nverschuldigde bedrag over te maken op ABN-AMRO rekening\n44.46.97.713 t.n.v. stichting 350 JUS. Het gironummer van de\nABN-AMRO bank Utrecht is 2900. Bij de inschrijving dient te\nworden aangegeven of men lid is van de NNV. Na inschrijving\nwordt de symposiummap toegestuurd. Bij inschrijving na\n31 maart vervalt de mogelijkheid een lunch te reserveren.\n\nHet symposium vindt plaats in Transitorium I,\nUniversiteit Utrecht.\n\nVoor meer informatie over het symposium kan men terecht bij\nHenrik Spoon, p/a S.R.O.N., Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht.\nTel.: 030-535722. E-mail: henriks@sron.ruu.nl.\n\n\n\n******* DAGPROGRAMMA **************************************\n\n\n 9:30   ONTVANGST MET KOFFIE & THEE\n\n10:00   Opening\n           Prof. dr. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers (Utrecht)\n\n10:10   Dubbelster evolutie\n           Prof. dr. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers\n\n10:25   Radiopulsars\n           Prof. dr. J.M.E. Kuijpers (Utrecht)\n\n11:00   Pulsars in dubbelster systemen\n           Prof. dr. F. Verbunt (Utrecht)\n\n11:50   Massa & straal van neutronensterren\n           Prof. dr. J. van Paradijs (Amsterdam)\n\n12:25   Theorie van accretieschijven\n           Drs. R.F. van Oss (Utrecht)\n\n13:00   LUNCH\n\n14:00   Hoe zien accretieschijven er werkelijk uit?\n           Dr. R.G.M. Rutten (Amsterdam)\n\n14:35   Snelle fluktuaties bij accretie op neutronensterren\n        en zwarte gaten\n           Dr. M. van der Klis (Amsterdam)\n\n15:10   THEE & KOFFIE\n\n15:30   Zwarte gaten: knippen en plakken met ruimte en tijd\n           Prof. dr. V. Icke (leiden)\n\n16:05   afsluiting\n\n16:25   BORREL\n\n-- \nGert-Jan van Lochem\t     \\\\\t\t"What is it?"\nFysische informatica\t      \\\\\t"Something blue"\nUniversiteit Utrecht           \\\\\t"Shapes, I need shapes!"\n030-532803\t\t\t\\\\\t\t\t- HHGG -\n',
  u'From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Solid state vs. tube/analog\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 20\nDistribution: sci\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <C6479K.6BA.1@cs.cmu.edu> 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom) writes:\n|\n|Also, ask any electric-guitar enthusiast which type of amp they prefer, and\n|they\'ll tell you tube-type, since tubes have lower distortion and noise\n|than transistors.  \'Course, most of your electric guitar types just say\n>"Tubes sound better, dude." :-)\n>\n\nOf course,  they then  turn up the REverb, the Gain,  add in the analog\ndelay line  and the Fuzz box.  I\'d think they wouldn\'t notice the\ndistortion.   Oh I forgot the phase shifters.\n\n>Also, transistors have the advantage in both waste-heat and energy-use,\n>mainly because of the heaters on the cathodes of the tubes.\n\n\nAh,  but how do they compare to Mechanical systems :-)\n\npat\n\n',
  u"From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: Command Loss Timer (Re: Galileo Update - 04/22/93)\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <1993Apr23.103038.27467@bnr.ca> agc@bmdhh286.bnr.ca (Alan Carter) writes:\n>|> ... a NO-OP command was sent to reset the command loss timer ...\n>\n>This activity is regularly reported in Ron's interesting posts. Could\n>someone explain what the Command Loss Timer is?\n\nIf I'm not mistaken, this is the usual sort of precaution against loss of\ncommunications.  That timer is counting down continuously; if it ever hits\nzero, that means Galileo hasn't heard from Earth in a suspiciously long\ntime and it may be Galileo's fault... so it's time to go into a fallback\nmode that minimizes chances of spacecraft damage and maximizes chances\nof restoring contact.  I don't know exactly what-all Galileo does in such\na situation, but a common example is to switch receivers, on the theory\nthat maybe the one you're listening with has died.\n-- \nAll work is one man's work.             | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\n                    - Kipling           |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n",
  u'From: ray@netcom.com (Ray Fischer)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Netcom. San Jose, California\nLines: 25\n\nfrank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes ...\n>Plus questions for you:  why do subjectivists/relativists/nihilists get so \n>het up about the idea that relativism is *better* than objectivism? \n\nTo the degree that relativism is a more accurate decription of the\ntruth than is objectivism, it provides more power and ability to\ncontrol events.\n\nAssuming, for the moment, that morals _are_ relative, then two\nrelativists can recognize that neither has a lock on the absolute\ntruth and they can proceed to negotiate a workable compromise that\nproduces the desired results.\n\nAssuming that there is an absolute morality, two disagreeing \nobjectivists can either be both wrong or just one of them right; there\nis no room for compromise.  Once you beleive in absolute morals,\nyou must accept that you are amoral or that everyone who disagrees\nwith you is amoral.\n\nGiven a choice between a peaceful compromise or endless contention,\nI\'d say that compromise seems to be "better".\n\n-- \nRay Fischer                   "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth\nray@netcom.com                 than lies."  -- Friedrich Nietzsche\n',
  u"From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Slavery (was Re: Why is sex only allowed in marriage: ...)\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 18\n\n> Oh, this all sounds so nice!  Everyone helping each other and always smiling\n> and fluffy bunnies everywhere.  Wake up!  People are just not like that.  It\n> seems evident from history that no society has succeeded when it had to rely\n> upon the goodwill and unselfishness of the people.  Isn't it obvious from\n> places like Iran that even if there are only a few greedy people in society\n> then they are going to be attracted to positions of power?  Sounds like a\n> recipe for disaster.\n\nLooking at historical evidence such 'perfect utopian' islamic states\ndidn't survive. I agree, people are people, and even if you might\nstart an Islamic revolution and create this perfect state, it takes \nsome time and the internal corruption will destroy the ground rules --\nagain.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n",
  u"From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters. positional stuff.\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <1993Apr29.010847.1@vax1.mankato.msus.edu> belgarath@vax1.mankato.msus.edu writes:\n>        Actually, my advisor, another classmate of mine, and me were talking\n>the other day about putting just one detector on one of the Pluto satellites.\n>THen we realized that the satellite alone is only carrying something like 200\n>pounds of eq.  Well, a BATSE detector needs lead shielding to protect it,\n>and 1 alone weighs about 200 pounds itself.\n\nActually, the situation is even worse than that.  The *total mass* of the\nPluto Fast Flyby spacecraft is only 250ish pounds, and most of that is\nsupport equipment like power and communications.  The mass available for\ninstruments is maybe 10% of that.  I don't think a BATSE will fit...\n\nActually, would you need the shielding?  My understanding is that it's\nmostly there to give the detectors some directionality.  No point in\ndoing that if you've only got one.  I'm sure the burst detectors that\nhave flown on other deep-space missions haven't weighed that much.\n(Mind you, they're probably still too heavy -- the PFF people would put\nmore Pluto-specific instruments on first, if they had any mass to spare.)\n-- \nSVR4 resembles a high-speed collision   | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\nbetween SVR3 and SunOS.    - Dick Dunn  |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n",
  u'From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Moonbase race\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 26\n\nFrom: Gene Wright <gene@theporch.raider.net>\n\n>With the continuin talk about the "End of the Space Age" and complaints\n>by government over the large cost, why not try something I read about\n>that might just work.\n\n>Announce that a reward of $1 billion would go to the first corporation\n>who successfully keeps at least 1 person alive on the moon for a year.\n>Then you\'d see some of the inexpensive but not popular technologies begin\n>to be developed. THere\'d be a different kind of space race then!\n\nI\'ll say!  Imagine that there were a couple groups up there, maybe landing\na few weeks apart.  The year-mark starts coming on for the first group.\nIsn\'t a billion pretty good incentive to take a shot at a potential\nwinner?  "Yeah, that\'s a shame that Team A\'s life support gave out\nso close to the deadline.  Thanks for the billion."\n\nOn the other hand, if Apollo cost ~25billion, for a few days or weeks\nin space, in 1970 dollars, then won\'t the reward have to be a lot more\nthan only 1 billion to get any takers?\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u'From: mls@panix.com (Michael Siemon)\nSubject: Re: What part of "No" don\'t you understand?\nOrganization: PANIX Public Access Unix, NYC\nLines: 44\n\nIn <1993Apr24.214843.10940@midway.uchicago.edu> eeb1@quads.uchicago.edu\n(E. Elizabeth Bartley) writes:\n\n>I can certainly see opposing the "Amen" -- but that doesn\'t require \n>opposing a moment of silence.\n\nIf the ONLY people proposing a "moment of silence" are doing so as a\nsham to sneak in prayers, then it MUST be opposed.  What the HELL have\nprayers to do with public schooling?  [I ask this question as a devout\nChristian.]\n\n>>I\'ll back off when they do.\n\n>Does anybody else besides me see a vicious circle here?  I guarantee\n>you the people who want school prayer aren\'t going to back off when\n>they can\'t even manage to get a quiet moment for their kids to pray\n>silently.\n\nTheir kids can bloody-well pray any God-damned time they WANT to.  And\nnothing, on heaven or earth, in government or the principal\'s office,\ncan prevent or in any other way deal with their doing so.  *Especially*\nif the prayer is silent (as bursting out into the "Shema Yisrael" or\nsome other prayer *might* be construed as disruptive if audible :-))\nNo one ever prevented ME from praying in public school!  They hardly\neven prevented me from masturbating in study hall.\n\nI should have thought better of someone posting from a UChicago address.\nHow can you manage to say such nonsense without shame?\n\nMuslim students might have a complaint, if they are prevented from setting\nout their rugs and doing the proper ablutions before prayer at the times\nspecified in the Qu\'ran.  Jews would probably like the opportunity to daven\nwith tefillim and whatever else *they* require, at *their* appropriate times.\nI do not see THEM complaining (though Muslims and Jews have a case that no\nChristian I have ever heard has been able to make.)\n\nThe "Christian" insistence on a PUBLIC, UNIVERSAL, ENFORCED "moment of\nprayer^H^H^H^H^H^Hsilence" is nothing but the Inquisition "naturalized"\ninto the American context.  It is offensive to the Gospel of Christ.\n-- \nMichael L. Siemon\t\tI say "You are gods, sons of the\nmls@panix.com\t\t\tMost High, all of you; nevertheless\n    - or -\t\t\tyou shall die like men, and fall\nmls@ulysses.att..com\t\tlike any prince."   Psalm 82:6-7\n',
  u'From: pfine@mitre.org (Paul Fine)\nSubject: TIFF 6.0\nNntp-Posting-Host: paul-fine.mitre.org\nOrganization: The MITRE Corporation\nLines: 5\n\nI recently read in a book that the TIFF version 6.0 specification was due\nto be released in the spring of 1992.  I am interested in finding out about\nthe new features of the TIFF spec (and if it is out).  Specifically, I need\nto know if TIFF 6.0 supports VQ decompression and/or image\ntiling.\n',
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Davidians and compassion\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <1e9e02bm40FM01@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com>, agr00@ccc.amdahl.com\n(Anthony G Rose) wrote:\n> >I have a hard time just now understanding that Christianity\n> >knows about the word compassion. Christians, do you think \n> >the actions today would produce a good picture of your \n> >religion?\n\n> Surely you are not equating David Koresh with Christianity? The two are\n> not comparable.\n\nThis is always an option: when the sect is causing harm, re-label\nthe cult to something else.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u'From: Keith.Stein@f118.n109.z1.permanet.org (Keith Stein)\nSubject: Re: Gps launch\nLines: 3\n\nNext GPS launch is scheduled for June 24th.\n\n * Origin: No. VA Astronomy Club 703-256-4777 (1:109/118)\n',
  u'From: lex@optimla.aimla.com (Lex van Sonderen)\nSubject: Re: Rumours about 3DO ???\nNntp-Posting-Host: emerald\nOrganization: Philips Interactive Media of America\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <h1p4s4g@zola.esd.sgi.com> erik@westworld.esd.sgi.com (Erik Fortune) writes:\n>> better than CDI\n>*Much* better than CDI.\nOf course, I do not agree.  It does have more horsepower.  Horsepower is not\nthe only measurement for \'better\'.  It does not have full motion, full screen\nvideo yet.  Does it have CD-ROM XA?\n\n>> starting in the 4 quarter of 1993\n>The first 3DO "multiplayer" will be manufactured by panasonic and will be \n>available late this year.   A number of other manufacturers are reported to \n>have 3DO compatible boxes in the works.\nWhich other manufacturers?\nWe shall see about the date.\n\n>All this information is third hand or so and worth what you paid for it:-).\nThis is second hand, but it still hard to look to the future ;-).\n\nLex van Sonderen\nlex@aimla.com\nPhilips Interactive Media\n',
  u"From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 26\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <C5uuL0.n1C@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu>, bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner) writes:\n|> \n|> Many of the atheists posting here argue against their own parody of\n|> religion; they create some ridiculous caricature of a religion and\n|> then attack the believers within that religion and the religion itself\n|> as ridiculous. By their own devices, they establish a new religion, a\n|> mythology.\n\nYou mean Bobby Mozumder is a myth?    We wondered about that.\n\n|> The point of course, is to erect an easy target and deflect the\n|> disputants away from the real issue - atheism. The fictional Christian\n|> or Moslem or Jew who is supposed to believe the distorted\n|> representation of their beliefs presented here, is therefore made to\n|> seem a fool and his/her arguments can thereby be made to appear\n|> ludicrous. The mythology is the misrepresentations of religion used\n|> here as fact.\n\nYou mean Bobby Mozumder didn't really post here?   We wondered\nabout that, too.\n\nSo, Mr Conner.   Is Bobby Mozumder a myth, a performing artist, \na real Moslem. a crackpot, a provocateur?    You know everything\nand read all minds: why don't you tell us?\n\njon.\n",
  u'From: jcobban@bnr.ca (Jim Cobban)\nSubject: Re: Command Loss Timer (Re: Galileo Update - 04/22/93)\nKeywords: Galileo, JPL\nNntp-Posting-Host: bcars153\nOrganization: Bell-Northern Research, Ottawa, Canada\nLines: 13\n\nHaving read in the past about the fail-safe mechanisms on spacecraft, I had\nassumed that the Command Loss Timer had that sort of function.  However I\nalways find disturbing the oxymoron of a "NO-OP" command that does something.\nIf the command changes the behavior or status of the spacecraft it is not\na "NO-OP" command.\n\nOf course this terminology comes from a Jet Propulsion Laboratory which has\nnothing to do with jet propulsion.\n\n-- \n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nJim Cobban   |  jcobban@bnr.ca                        |  Phone: (613) 763-8013\nBNR Ltd.     |  bnrgate.bnr.ca!bcars5!jcobban         |  FAX:   (613) 763-2626\n',
  u'From: cotera@woods.ulowell.edu\nSubject: Re: Biblical Backing of Koresh\'s 3-02 Tape (Cites enclosed)\nLines: 25\nOrganization: University of Massachusetts Lowell\n\nIn article <1r477q$1vk@sbctri.sbc.com>, tph@susie.sbc.com (Timothy P. Henrion) writes:\n> In article <1993Apr21.093914.1@woods.ulowell.edu> cotera@woods.ulowell.edu writes:\n>>I assume you have evidence that he was responsible for the deaths?\n> \n> Only my common sense.  The fire was caused by either Koresh and his\n> followers or by the FBI/ATF/CIA/KGB/and maybe the Harper Valley PTA.  Since\n> you are throwing around the evidence arguement, I\'ll throw it back.  Can\n> you prove any government agency did it?  (Please don\'t resort to "they \n> covered it up so that proves they did it" or any wild theories about how\n> the government agencies intentionally started the fire.  The key words\n> are proof and evidence.)\n> proves they did it"\n\nNo, which is why I want an investigation.  \n \n> Please explain how Koresh was defending himself from those children who\n> burned.  \n\nWho ever said he was? What is obvious is that he was defending himself, and his\nfollowers, from the government.  Whether you think he was right or wrong in\nthis is another question.  If he was right, then he had the moral right to kill\nthose kgBATF agents.\n--Ray Cote\n\nThere\'s no government like no government.\n',
  u"From: rws2v@uvacs.cs.Virginia.EDU (Richard Stoakley)\nSubject: Need a good concave -> convex polygon algorithm\nOrganization: University of Virginia Computer Science Department\nLines: 6\n\n\tWe need a good concave ->convex polygon conversion routine.\nI've tried a couple without much luck.  Please E-mail responses and I\nwill post a summary of any replies.  Thank you.\n\nRichard Stoakley\nrws2v@uvacs.cs.Virginia.EDU\n",
  u'Subject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters. positional stuff.\nFrom: belgarath@vax1.mankato.msus.edu\n <1993Apr26.141114.19777@midway.uchicago.edu> <27APR199320210230@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov> <1rmh4eINN95h@gap.caltech.edu>\nOrganization: Mankato State University\nNntp-Posting-Host: vax1.mankato.msus.edu\nLines: 52\n\nIn article <1rmh4eINN95h@gap.caltech.edu>, kwp@wag.caltech.edu (Kevin W. Plaxco) writes:\n> In article <27APR199320210230@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov> abdkw@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov (David Ward) writes:\n> \n>>Given that fact, and the spacecraft attitude knowledge\n>>of approx. 2 arcmin, we might be able to figure out how well BATSE can\n>>determine the location (rotational) of a Gamma Ray burster from knowledge\n>>of the all-sky map\'s accuracy.  PR material for the other three instruments\n>>give accuracies on the order of "fractions of a degree", if that\'s \n>>any help.\n> \n> But I believe that there is a fundamental difference here.  The other x\n> three instruments are focusing instruments, that, more or less, form\n> an image, so positional errors are limited by craft attitude and the \n> resolving power of the optics.  BATSE is an altogether different\n> beast, effectively just 8 coincidence counters, one on each corner of \n> the craft.  Positional information is triangulated from the \n> differential signal arrival times at each of the detectors.\n> Positional error would be predominantly determined by timing errors\n> and errors in craft attitude. Since none of the 8 BASTE detectors have\n> any independant angular resolution whatsoever, they can not be used to\n> determine parallax.  Indeed, parallax would just add a very small \n> component to the positional error.  \n> \n> Demonstrating that these puppies are beyond the oort cloud would \n> require resolution on the order of arcseconds, since the oort \n> cloud is postulated to extend to about 0.5 parsec (all together \n> now: "Parallax ARc SECond", a parsec is the distance of an object \n> that demonstrates one arc second of parallax with a 2 AU base line).\n> If the 3 degree accuracy reported above is true, we\'re going to \n> have to add a BASTE to the pluto fast flyby to get enough baseline.\n> \n> The beauty of BASTE is that it both gives positional information and\n> watches the entire sky simultaneously, a realy handy combination\n> when you have no idea where the next burst is coming from.\n> \n> -Kevin\n        Batse alone isn\'t always used to determine position.  WHen a\nparticularly bright burst occurs, There are a couple of other detectors that\ncatch it going off.  Pioneer 10 or 11 is the one I\'m getting at here.  This\npuppy is far enough away, that if a bright burst happens nearby, the huge\nannulus created by it will hopefully intersect the line or general circle given\nby BATSE, and we can get a moderately accurate position. Say oh, 2 or 3\ndegrees. That is the closest anyone has ever gotten with it.  \n        Actually, my advisor, another classmate of mine, and me were talking\nthe other day about putting just one detector on one of the Pluto satellites. \nTHen we realized that the satellite alone is only carrying something like 200\npounds of eq.  Well, a BATSE detector needs lead shielding to protect it, and 1\nalone weighs about 200 pounds itself.\n\n        We decided against it.\n                                                        -jeremy\n\n',
  u'From: ingles@engin.umich.edu (Ray Ingles)\nSubject: Re: Yeah, Right\nOrganization: University of Michigan Engineering, Ann Arbor\nLines: 49\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: agar.engin.umich.edu\n\nIn article <66014@mimsy.umd.edu> mangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate) writes:\n>Benedikt Rosenau writes:\n>\n>>And what about that revelation thing, Charley?\n>\n>If you\'re talking about this intellectual engagement of revelation, well,\n>it\'s obviously a risk one takes.\n\n Ah, now here is the core question. Let me suggest a scenario.\n\n We will grant that a God exists, and uses revelation to communicate\nwith humans. (Said revelation taking the form (paraphrased from your\nown words) \'This infinitely powerful deity grabs some poor schmuck,\nmakes him take dictation, and then hides away for a few hundred years\'.)\n Now, there exists a human who has not personally experienced a\nrevelation. This person observes that not only do these revelations seem\nto contain elements that contradict rather strongly aspects of the\nobserved world (which is all this person has ever seen), but there are\nmany mutually contradictory claims of revelation.\n\n Now, based on this, can this person be blamed for concluding, absent\na personal revelation of their own, that there is almost certainly\nnothing to this \'revelation\' thing?\n\n>I\'m not an objectivist, so I\'m not particularly impressed with problems of\n>conceptualization.  The problem in this case is at least as bad as that of\n>trying to explain quantum mechanics and relativity in the terms of ordinary\n>experience.  One can get some rough understanding, but the language is, from\n>the perspective of ordinary phenomena, inconsistent, and from the\n>perspective of what\'s being described, rather inexact (to be charitable).\n>\n>An analogous situation (supposedly) obtains in metaphysics; the problem is\n>that the "better" descriptive language is not available.\n\n Absent this better language, and absent observations in support of the\nclaims of revelation, can one be blamed for doubting the whole thing?\n\n Here is what I am driving at: I have thought a long time about this. I\nhave come to the honest conclusion that if there is a deity, it is\nnothing like the ones proposed by any religion that I am familiar with.\n Now, if there does happen to be, say, a Christian God, will I be held\naccountable for such an honest mistake?\n\n Sincerely,\n\n Ray Ingles               ingles@engin.umich.edu\n\n "The meek can *have* the Earth. The rest of us are going to the\nstars!" - Robert A. Heinlein\n',
  u'From: tmc@spartan.ac.BrockU.CA (Tim Ciceran)\nSubject: Re: Newsgroup Split\nOrganization: Brock University, St. Catharines Ontario\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 19\n\nChris Herringshaw (tdawson@engin.umich.edu) wrote:\n: Concerning the proposed newsgroup split, I personally am not in favor of\n: doing this.  I learn an awful lot about all aspects of graphics by reading\n: this group, from code to hardware to algorithms.  I just think making 5\n: different groups out of this is a wate, and will only result in a few posts\n: a week per group.  I kind of like the convenience of having one big forum\n: for discussing all aspects of graphics.  Anyone else feel this way?\n: Just curious.\n\n\n: Daemon\n\nWhat he said...\n\n-- \n\nTMC\n(tmc@spartan.ac.BrockU.ca)\n\n',
  u'From:  (Rashid)\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nNntp-Posting-Host: 47.252.4.179\nOrganization: NH\nLines: 34\n\n> What about the Twelve Imams, who he considered incapable of error\n> or sin? Khomeini supports this view of the Twelve Imans. This is\n> heresy for the very reasons I gave above. \n\nI would be happy to discuss the  issue of the 12 Imams with you, although\nmy preference would be to move the discussion to another\nnewsgroup.  I feel a philosophy\nor religion group would be more appropriate. The topic is deeply\nembedded in the world view of Islam and the\nesoteric teachings of the Prophet (S.A.). Heresy does not enter\ninto it at all except for those who see Islam only as an exoteric\nreligion that is only nominally (if at all) concerned with the metaphysical\nsubstance of man\'s being and nature.\n\nA good introductory book (in fact one of the best introductory\nbooks to Islam in general) is Murtaza Mutahhari\'s "Fundamental\'s\nof Islamic Thought - God, Man, and the Universe" - Mizan Press,\ntranslated by R. Campbell. Truly a beautiful book. A follow-up book\n(if you can find a decent translation) is "Wilaya - The Station\nof the Master" by the same author. I think it also goes under the\ntitle of "Master and Mastership" - It\'s a very small book - really\njust a transcription of a lecture by the author.\nThe introduction to the beautiful "Psalms of Islam" - translated\nby William C. Chittick (available through Muhammadi Trust of\nGreat Britain) is also an excellent introduction to the subject. We\nhave these books in our University library - I imagine any well\nstocked University library will have them.\n\nFrom your posts, you seem fairly well versed in Sunni thought. You\nshould seek to know Shi\'ite thought through knowledgeable \nShi\'ite authors as well - at least that much respect is due before the\ncharge of heresy is levelled.\n\nAs salaam a-laikum\n',
  u'From: acooper@mac.cc.macalstr.edu (Turin Turambar, ME Department of Utter Misery)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Macalester College\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <735295730.25282@minster.york.ac.uk>, cjhs@minster.york.ac.uk writes:\n> : Are you saying that their was a physical Adam and Eve, and that all\n> : humans are direct decendents of only these two human beings.?  Then who\n> : were Cain and Able\'s wives?  Couldn\'t be their sisters, because A&E\n> : didn\'t have daughters.  Were they non-humans?\n> \n> Genesis 5:4\n> \n> and the days of Adam after he begat Seth were eight hundred years, and\n> he begat sons and daughters:\n> \n> Felicitations -- Chris Ho-Stuart\n\n\nIt is still incestuous.... :)\n\n\n\n--Adam "What happened to my sig?"  Cooper\n',
  u"From: agr00@ccc.amdahl.com (Anthony G Rose)\nSubject: Re: Davidians and compassion\nReply-To: agr00@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com (Anthony G Rose)\nOrganization: Amdahl Corporation, Sunnyvale CA\nLines: 31\n\nIn article <sandvik-190493200420@sandvik-kent.apple.com> sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n>So we have this highly Christian religious order that put fire\n>on their house, killing most of the people inside.\n>\n>I'm not that annoyed about the adults, they knew supposedly what\n>they were doing, and it's their own actions.\n>\n>What I mostly are angry about is the fact that the people inside,\n>including mothers, let the children suffer and die during awful\n>conditions.\n>\n>If this is considered religious following to the end, I'm proud\n>that I don't follow such fanatical and non-compassionate religions.\n>\n>You might want to die for whatever purpose, but please spare\n>the innocent young ones that has nothing to do with this all.\n>\n>I have a hard time just now understanding that Christianity\n>knows about the word compassion. Christians, do you think \n>the actions today would produce a good picture of your \n>religion?\n>\n>\n>Kent\n>\n>---\n>sandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n\n\nSurely you are not equating David Koresh with Christianity? The two are\nnot comparable.\n",
  u"From: KPH@ECL.PSU.EDU (Kyle P Hunter)\nSubject: \x10A PROBLEM WITH OMNIPOTENCE\nOrganization: Penn State Engineering Computer Lab\nLines: 36\nDistribution: usa\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ecld.psu.edu\nSummary: A PROB W/ OMNIPOTENCE\nKeywords: GOD,JESUS\nX-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.24\n\nI recall a discussion I had heard years ago. It went something like this: \nThe problem with omnipotence (at least as I perceive it) as personified by \nthe christian God ideal is that it is potentially contradictory.  If a \nmanifestation such as God is truly infinite in power can God place limits \nupon itself?\n.\n.\nSome stuff I can't recall.\nThen some other questions I think I recall correctly:\nCan God unmake itself?\nCan God make itself (assuming it doesn't yet exist)?\nHas God has always existed or is it necessary for an observer to bind all of\nGods potential quantum states into reality?\nWas God nothing more than a primordial force of nature that existed during\nthe earliest stages of universal (inflationary?) creation?\nIs God a vacuum fluctuation?\nGiven a great enough energy density could we re-create God?\nWould that make US God and God something else?\n.\n.\nSome more stuff I don't recall concerning creating God.  Followed by:\nIs God self-aware?\nIs it necessary that God be self-aware?\nIs God a living entity?\nIs it necessay that God be a living entity?\nIs God unchanging or does it evolve?\n.\n.\nAny comments? Post them so that others might benefit from the open inquiry\nand resulting discussion.\n\nKyle\n\n\n\n \n",
  u"From: kempmp@phoenix.oulu.fi (Petri Pihko)\nSubject: Re: Christian Morality is\nOrganization: University of Oulu, Finland\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 107\n\nDan Schaertel,,, (dps@nasa.kodak.com) wrote:\n> In article 21627@ousrvr.oulu.fi, kempmp@phoenix.oulu.fi (Petri Pihko) writes:\n\n> |>I love god just as much as she loves me. If she wants to seduce me,\n> |>she'll know what to do. \n\n> But if He/She did you would probably consider it rape.  \n\nOf course not. I would think that would be great _fun_, not having ever\nfelt the joy and peace the Christians speak of with a longing gaze.\nThis is not what I got when I believed - I just tried to hide my fear\nof getting punished for something I never was sure of. The Bible is\nhopelessly confusing for someone who wants to know for sure. God did\nnot answer. In the end, I found I had been following a mass delusion,\na lie. I can't believe in a being who refuses to give a slightest hint\nof her existence.\n\n> Obviously there are many Christians who have tried and do believe. So .. ?\n\nI suggest they should honestly reconsider the reasons why they believe\nand analyse their position. In fact, it is amusing to note in this\ncontext that many fundamentalist publications tell us exactly the\nopposite - one should not examine one's belief critically.\n\nI'll tell you something I left out of my 'testimony' I posted to this\ngroup two months ago. A day after I finally found out my faith is over,\nI decided to try just one more time. The same cycle of emotional\nresponses fired once again, but this time the delusion lasted only\na couple of hours. I told my friend in a phone that it really works,\nthank god, just to think about it again when I hung up. I had to admit\nthat I had lied, and fallen prey to the same illusion.\n\n> No one asks you to swallow everything, in fact Jesus warns against it.   But let\n> me ask you a question.  Do you beleive what you learn in history class, or for\n> that matter anything in school.  I mean it's just what other people have told\n> you and you don't want to swallow what others say. right ... ?\n\nI used to believe what I read in books when I was younger, or what\nother people told me, but I grew more and more skeptical the more I\nread. I learned what it means to use _reason_.\n\nAs a student of chemistry, I had to perform a qualitative analysis\nof a mixture of two organic compounds in the lab. I _hated_ experiments\nlike this - they are old-fashioned and increase the student's workload\nconsiderably. Besides, I had to do it twice, since I failed in my first\nattempt. However, I think I'll never forget the lesson: \n\nNo matter how strongly you believe the structure of the unknown is X,\nit may still be Y. It is _very_ tempting to jump into conclusions, take\na leap of faith, assure oneself, ignore the data which is inconsistent. \nBut it can still be wrong. \n\nI found out that I was, after all, using exactly the same mechanism\nto believe in god - mental self-assurance, suspension of fear, \nfiltering of information. In other words, it was only me, no god\nplaying any part. \n\n> The life , death, and resurection of Christ is documented historical fact.\n\nOh? And I had better believe this? Dan, many UFO stories are much better\ndocumented than the resurrection of Jesus. The resurrection is documented\nquite haphazardly in the Bible - it seems the authors did not pay too\nmuch attention to which wild rumour to leave out. Besides, the ends of\nthe gospels probably contain later additions and insertions; for instance,\nthe end of Mark (16:9-20) is missing from many early texts, says my Bible.\n\nJesus may have lived and died, but he was probably misunderstood.\n\n> As much\n> as anything else you learn.  How do you choose what to believe and \n> what not to?\n\nThis is easy. I believe that the world exists independent of my mind,\nand that logic and reason can be used to interpret and analyse what I\nobserve. Nothing else need to be taken on faith, I will go by the\nevidence. \n\nIt makes no difference whether I believe George Washington existed or not.\nI assume that he did, considering the vast amount of evidence presented.\n\n> There is no way to get into a sceptical heart.  You can not say you have \n> given a \n> sincere effort with the attitude you seem to have.  You must TRUST, \n> not just go \n> to church and participate in it's activities.  Were you ever willing to\n> die for what you believed?  \n\nA liar, how do you know what my attitude was? Try reading your Bible\nagain. \n\nI was willing to die for my faith. Those who do are usually remembered\nas heroes, at least among those who believe. Dan, do you think I'm\nlying when I say I believed firmly for 15 years? It seems it is \nvery difficult to admit that someone who has really believed does not\ndo so anymore. But I can't go on lying to myself.\n\nBlind trust is dangerous, and I was just another blind led by the blind.\nBut if god really wants me, she'll know what to do. I'm willing. I just\ndon't know whether she exists - looking at the available evidence,\nit looks like she doesn't. \n\nPetri\n--\n ___. .'*''.*        Petri Pihko    kem-pmp@          Mathematics is the Truth.\n!___.'* '.'*' ' .    Pihatie 15 C    finou.oulu.fi    Physics is the Rule of\n       ' *' .* '*    SF-90650 OULU  kempmp@           the Game.\n          *'  *  .*  FINLAND         phoenix.oulu.fi  -> Chemistry is The Game.\n",
  u'From: jbrown@batman.bmd.trw.com\nSubject: Re: Death Penalty / Gulf War\nLines: 128\n\nIn article <930414.121019.7E4.rusnews.w165w@mantis.co.uk>, mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk> writes:\n> rush@leland.Stanford.EDU (Voelkerding) writes:\n>>In article <1993Apr12.143834.26803@seachg.com> chrisb@seachg.com (Chris\n>>Blask) writes:\n>>>Add to this the outrageous cost of putting someone to death (special cell\n>>>block, years of court costs, extra guards...) and the benefits of the death\n>>>penalty entirely disappear.\n>> \n>> That\'s because of your earlier claim that the one innocent death\n>> overrides the benefit of all the others.  Obviously it\'s tragic,  but\n>> it is no argument for doing away with the death penalty.  If we went\n>> to war and worried about accidentally killing civilians all of the time\n>> (because our determination of who the enemy really is is imperfect), then\n>> there is no way to win the war.\n> \n> Yes.  Fortunately we have right-thinking folks like your good self in power,\n> and it was therefore deemed acceptable to slaughter tens or even hundreds of\n> thousands of Iraqis in order to liberate oil^H^H^HKuwait.  We won the war,\n> hurrah hurrah!\n\nThe number of civilian Iraqi deaths were way over-exaggerated and \nexploited for anti-war emotionalism by the liberal news media.  The\nfacts are that less Iraqis died in the Gulf War than did civilians \nin any other war of comparable size this century!  This was due mostly\nto the short duration coupled with precise surgical bombing techniques\nwhich were technically possible only recently.\n\nThe idea that "hundreds of thousands" of Iraqi citizens died is\nludicrous.  Not even "hundreds of thousands" of Iraqi soldiers died,\nand they were the ones being targeted!  Or do you think that the US\nand its allies were specifically out to kill and maim Iraqi civilians?\nEither the smart bombs didn\'t hit their targets (and we know they did),\nor they were targeting civilian targets (!) which is hardly condusive to\ndestroying Iraq\'s military potential.  The military mission planners are\nnot fools, they know they have to hit *military* targets to win a war.\nHitting civilian targets does nothing but unite the people against you,\nnot a laudable goal if one wants the people to rise up against their\ntyrant-dictator. \n> \n> OK, so some innocent people died.  Yes, maybe the unarmed civilians fleeing\n> along that road didn\'t need to be bombed to bits.  Perhaps that kid with half\n> his face burned off and the little girl with the mangled legs weren\'t\n> entirely guilty.  But it\'s worth the death of a few innocents to save the\n> oil^H^H^Hlives of the Kuwaiti people, isn\'t it?  After all, the Iraqis may\n> not have had a chance to vote for Saddam, but they showed their acceptance of\n> his regime by not assassinating him, right?  All that surrendering and\n> fleeing along open roads was just a devious ploy.  We were entirely within\n> our rights to bomb \'em just in case, without finding out if they were\n> soldiers.\n\nHow about all the innocent people who died in blanket-bombing in WW2?\nI don\'t hear you bemoaning them!  War is never an exact science, but\nwith smart bombs, it\'s becoming more exact with a smaller percentage\nof civilian casualties.  Sometimes mistakes are made; targets are\nmisidentified; innocents die.  That\'s war the way it really is.\nBut the alternative, to allow tyrannical dictators to treat the earth\nlike it\'s one big rummage sale, grabbing everything they can get is\nworse.  Like Patrick Henry said some 217 years ago, "I know not what\ncourse others may take -- but as for me, give me liberty, or give me\ndeath!"  War is always the price one must be willing to pay if one\nwishes to stay free.   \n\n> \n>> The death penalty was conceived as a deterrent to crime,  but the legal\n>> shenanigans that have been added (automatic appeals, lengthy court\n>> battles, etc.) have relegated that purpose to a very small part of what\n>> it should be.  Hence the question is,  do we instate the death penalty as\n>> it was meant to be, and see if that deters crime, or do we get rid of\n>> it entirely?\n> \n> Yes, let\'s reinstate the death penalty the way it ought to be.  All that shit\n> about fair trials and a court of appeals just gets in the way of justice. \n> Let\'s give the police the absolute right to gun down the guilty, and save\n> ourselves the expense of all those lawyers.\n> \n> Think of the knock-on benefits, too.  LA would never have had to spend so\n> much money cleaning up after riots and holding showcase trials if the cops\n> had been allowed to do their job properly.  A quick bullet through the head\n> of Rodney King and another for the cameraman, and everyone would have been\n> saved a great deal of unnecessary paperwork and expense.\n> \n> After all, if the police decide a man\'s guilty, that ought to be enough.  The\n> fact that the death penalty has been shown not to have any deterrent effect\n> over imprisonment, well, that\'s entirely irrelevant.\n> \n> \n> mathew\n> -- \n\nMathew, your sarcasm is noted but you are completely off-base here.\nYou come off sounding like a complete peace-nik idiot, although I\nfeel sure that was not your intent.\n\nSo the Iraqi war was wrong, eh?  I\'m sure that appeasement would have\nworked better than war, just like it did in WW2, eh?  I guess we\nshouldn\'t have fought WW2 either -- just think of all those innocent\nGerman civilians killed in Dresden and Hamburg.  How about all the poor \nFrench who died in the crossfire because we invaded the continent?  We \nshould have just let Hitler take over Europe, and you\'d be speaking\nGerman instead of English right now.\n\nTyrants like Hussein *have* to be stopped.  His kind don\'t understand\ndiplomacy; they only understand the point of a gun.  My only regret is\nthat Bush wimped out and didn\'t have the military roll into Baghdad, so\nnow Hussein is still in power and the Iraqi people\'s sacrifice (not to\nmention the 357 Americans who died) was for naught.  Liberating Kuwait \nwas a good thing, but wiping Hussein off the map would\'ve been better!\n\nAnd as for poor, poor Rodney King!  Did you ever stop and think *why*\nthe jury in the first trial brought back a verdict of "not guilty"?\nThose who have been foaming at the mouth for the blood of those\npolicemen certainly have looked no further than the video tape.\nBut the jury looked at *all* the evidence, evidence which you and I\nhave not seen.  When one makes a judgment without the benefit of a\ntrial where evidence can be presented on both sides, one has simply\nlowered himself to the level of vigilante justice, a state-of-mind\nwhich your sarcasm above seemingly spoke against, but instead tends\nto support in the case against the policemen.  \n\nLaw in this country is intended to protect the rights of the accused,\nwhether they be criminals or cops.  One is not found guilty if there is\na reasonable doubt of one\'s guilt, and only the jury is in a position\nto assess the evidence and render a verdict.  Anyone else is simply\nsuccumbing to verbal vigilantism.\n       \nRegards,\n\nJim B.\n',
  u"From: stephens@geod.emr.ca (Dave Stephenson)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nNntp-Posting-Host: ngis.geod.emr.ca\nOrganization: Dept. of Energy, Mines, and Resources, Ottawa\nLines: 15\n\nmancus@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov (Keith Mancus) writes:\n>>>Jeff.Cook@FtCollinsCO.NCR.COM (Jeff Cook) writes:\n>>>>people in primitive tribes out in the middle of nowhere as they look up\n\nThat has sort of happened for real. Back in the 1920's travellers\nin the Sudan would find strange cigar shaped designs on native huts.\nWhen asked the locals would say it was a picture of the great omen\nthat appeared in the sky. This was LZ 53 a zepplin flying from Bulgaria\nto German East Africa with supplies in 1917 (and back since it was fooled\nby the British secret service.)\n--\nDave Stephenson\nGeological Survey of Canada\nOttawa, Ontario, Canada\nInternet: stephens@geod.emr.ca\n",
  u"From: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney)\nSubject: Re: FAQs\nArticle-I.D.: mojo.1pst9uINN7tj\nReply-To: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu\nOrganization: Computer Aided Design Lab, U. of Maryland College Park\nLines: 10\nNNTP-Posting-Host: queen.eng.umd.edu\n\nIn article <10505.2BBCB8C3@nss.org>, freed@nss.org (Bev Freed) writes:\n>I was wondering if the FAQ files could be posted quarterly rather than monthly\n>.  Every 28-30 days, I get this bloated feeling.\n\nOr just stick 'em on sci.space.news every 28-30 days? \n\n\n\n    Software engineering? That's like military intelligence, isn't it?\n  -- >                  SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU                        < --\n",
  u'Organization: Penn State University\nFrom: <MVS104@psuvm.psu.edu>\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nDistribution: world\n <1pan4f$b6j@fido.asd.sgi.com> <1q0fngINNahu@gap.caltech.edu>\n <C5C9FA.6zH@acsu.buffalo.edu> <1qabe7INNaff@gap.caltech.edu>\n <1993Apr15.150938.975@news.wesleyan.edu>\nLines: 11\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.150938.975@news.wesleyan.edu>, SSAUYET@eagle.wesleyan.edu\n(SCOTT D. SAUYET) says:\n\n>Are these his final words?  (And how many here would find that\n>appropriate?)  Or is it just that finals got in the way?\n\n>Keep your fingers crossed!\n\nWhy should I keep my fingers crossed? I doubt it would do anything. :)\n\nMartin Schulte\n',
  u"From: zwork@starfighter.den.mmc.com (Michael Corvin)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nKeywords: HST\nOrganization: Martin Marietta Astronautics Group\nLines: 24\nNntp-Posting-Host: starfighter.den.mmc.com\n\nRegarding the feasability of retrieving the HST for repair and\nrelaunching it:\n\n(Caution: speculation mode engaged)\nThere is another consideration that hasn't been mentioned yet.\nI expect that retrieving HST would involve 'damaging' it considerably in\norder to return it to its cradle in the cargo bay.  Most of the deployed\nitems (antennas and, especially, the solar arays) probably are not\nretractable into their fully stowed position, even by hand.  They would\nhave to be removed by the astronauts.  (The only advantage that this\nmight yield is that we could put new panels on that don't 'ring' due\nto thermal cycle stresses...)\n\nI also expect that, as has been discussed, the landing loads on the\nHST optics structure is a big issue (but that the reentry loads are\nmuch less so.)  Can the moveable optical components even be re-caged\n(I assume that they were caged for launch)?\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nMichael Corvin \t      \t\t\t\tzwork@starfighter.den.mmc.com\nGN&C R&D\t\t\t\t\tMartin Marietta Astronautics\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n===============    My views, not Martin Marietta's   ========================\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u'From: hathaway@stsci.edu\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nLines: 32\nOrganization: Space Telescope Science Institute\nDistribution: na\n\nIn article <C65LJ5.5Az@fs7.ece.cmu.edu>, loss@fs7.ECE.CMU.EDU (Doug Loss) writes:\n>    I didn\'t want to quote all the stuff that\'s been said recently, I\n> just wanted to add a point.\n> \n.. \n> then enforces those rights for them.  Here in the U.S., the constitution\n> provides a "Bill of Rights" from which most if not all legal rights are\n> considered to derive.  I\'m sure that most other countries have\n\nThese seem hardly like the groups to discuss this in, but HUH??? \nAll legitimate power to enforce these rights derives from the consent \nof the governed, not from no steenkin\' piece of paper.  Civilized gov\'mnt \nis not an autonomous computer program, it\'s interactive.  The Constitution \nwas made by the people and can be trashed by us - it ain\'t no sacred \nscripture from which rights flow.  Our \'rights\' come from our souls. \nAnd I sure didn\'t see any request to vote on trashing the sky.  \nAgain - my opinion only - we keep our rights by using them, not going to \nsome court.  \n\n> comparable documents.  If you can persuade a court that you have a right\n> to a dark sky derived in some manner from the Bill of Rights (in the\n> U.S.), you can prevent (maybe) these billboards from being launched.  To\n> keep anyone in the world from launching then gets into international law\n> and the International Court of Justice (correct name?) in the Hague,\n> something I know little about.\n> \n> Doug Loss\n> loss@husky.bloomu.edu\n\n\nMost gracious regards, \nWHH \n',
  u'From: xrcjd@mudpuppy.gsfc.nasa.gov (Charles J. Divine)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42 (SILLY)\nOrganization: NASA/GSFC Greenbelt Maryland\nLines: 15\n\nIn article <1r3lf9$fu0@geraldo.cc.utexas.edu> Mark A. Cartwright <markc@emx.utexas.edu> writes:\n>Well,\n>\n>42 is 101010 binary, and who would forget that its the\n>answer to the Question of "Life, the Universe, and Everything else."\n>That is to quote Douglas Adams in a round about way.\n>\n>Of course the Question has not yet been discovered...\n\nBut the Question was later revealed to be:  What is 9 x 6?  (In the\nbase 13 system, of course.)\n\n\n-- \nChuck Divine\n',
  u'From: dfegan@lescsse.jsc.nasa.gov (Doug Egan)\nSubject: Re: *** HELP I NEED SOME ADDRESSES ***\nOrganization: LESC\nLines: 19\n\nIn <1993Apr20.041300.21721@ncsu.edu> jmcocker@eos.ncsu.edu (Mitch) writes:\n\n>    I\'m trying to get mailing addresses for the following\n>companies.  Specifically, I need addresses for their personnel\n>offices or like bureau.  The companies are:\n\n>\t- Space Industries, Inc.  (Somewhere in Houston)\n          101 Courageous Dr. \n          Leage City, TX  77573\n          Phone: (713) 538-6000   \n\n         \nGood Luck!\nDoug \n--\n Doug Egan                                  "It\'s not what you got -\n Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co.       It\'s what you give."          \n Houston, TX                                                  -Tesla      \n ***** email:  egan@blkbox.com  *****                                    \n',
  u"From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Space Station Redesign (30826) Option C\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr25.214653.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 22\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr25.151108.1@aurora.alaska.edu>, nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu writes:\n> I like option C of the new space station design.. \n> It needs some work, but it is simple and elegant..\n> \n> Its about time someone got into simple construction versus overly complex...\n> \n> Basically just strap some rockets and a nose cone on the habitat and go for\n> it..\n> \n> Might be an idea for a Moon/Mars base to.. \n> \n> Where is Captain Eugenia(sp) when you need it (reference to russian heavy\n> lifter, I think).\n> ==\n> Michael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I'm not high, just jacked\n> \n> \n> \n> \n\n\nThis is a report, I got the subject messed up..\n",
  u'From: nrp@st-andrews.ac.uk (Norman R. Paterson)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is oxymoron\nKeywords: ... and blessed are aluminium siding salesman ...\nOrganization: St. Andrews University, Scotland.\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <a5kB3B1w165w@anarky.tch.org> melchar@anarky.tch.org (Melchar) writes:\n>\n>      It took someone THIS long to figure that out?\n\nWhat is "aluminium siding"?  I keep seeing references to it.  Something to do\nwith railway lines, perhaps?\n\nE-mail reply please, I\'ll never find it otherwise.\n\n-Norman\n',
  u'From: jtheinon@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Jarkko Tapio Heinonen)\nSubject: FTP site for .pov files?\nOrganization: University of Helsinki\nLines: 9\n\nI know this has been asked a million time, but..\n\nWhat was the ftp site carrying 30-40 .ZIPs of full POV "source" files,\nincluding JACK.ZIP and KETTLE.ZIP? I\'ve once been there but\nunfortunately lost the address.\nI\'m in a little hurry with it, so please e-mail me at\njtheinon@kruuna.helsinki.fi. Thanks..\n\nJarkko\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Proton/Centaur?\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 15\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.211638.168730@zeus.calpoly.edu> jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu (James Thomas Green) writes:\n>Has anyone looked into the possiblity of a Proton/Centaur combo?\n\n\nI don't know a whole lot on Proton, but given that it is a multi stage\nrocket,  up to 4 stages, it may not really need the Centaur,  plus\nit may end up seriously beating on said centaur.   \n\nAlso, the centaur is not small,  unless the Proton has an oversize\nshroud you may not be able to get the centaur in under it.\n\nDennis,  you know much about this?\n\npat\n\n",
  u'From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov\nSubject: Re: Space Station Redesign, JSC Alternative #4\nOrganization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office \nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nLines: 54\n\nFirst, kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov (Hey, that\'s me!) wrote:\n: : I have 19 (2 MB worth!) uuencode\'d GIF images contain charts outlining\n: : one of the many alternative Space Station designs being considered in\n: : Crystal City.  [...]\n\nSecond, kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov (me again) wrote:\n: I just posted the GIF files out for anonymous FTP on server ics.uci.edu.\n: You can retrieve them from:\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode01.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode02.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode03.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode04.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode05.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode06.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode07.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode08.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode09.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode10.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode11.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode12.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode13.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode14.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode15.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode16.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode17.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geodeA.gif\n:   ics.uci.edu:incoming/geodeB.gif\n\n: The last two are scanned color photos; the others are scanned briefing\n: charts.\n\n: These will be deleted by the ics.uci.edu system manager in a few days,\n: so now\'s the time to grab them if you\'re interested.  Sorry it took\n: me so long to get these out, but I was trying for the Ames server,\n: but it\'s out of space.\n\nBut now I need to clarify the situation.  The "/incoming" directory on\nics.uci.edu does NOT allow you to do an "ls" command.  The files are\nthere (I just checked on 04/28/93 at 9:35 CDT), and you can "get" them\n(don\'t forget the "binary" mode!), but you can\'t "ls" in the\n"/incoming" directory.\n\nA further update: Mark\'s design made the cover of Space News this week\nas one of the design alternatives which was rejected.  But he\'s still\nin there plugging.  I wish him luck -- using ET\'s as the basis of a\nSpace Station has been a good idea for a long time.\n\nMay the best design win.\n\n-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\n      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368\n\n     "Good ideas are not adopted automatically.  They must be driven into\n       practice with courageous impatience." -- Admiral Hyman G. Rickover\n',
  u'From: drake+@cs.cmu.edu (Drake)\nSubject: Re: RFD: misc.taoism\nNntp-Posting-Host: seismo.soar.cs.cmu.edu\nOrganization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon\nLines: 58\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.172806.679@megatek.com> tims@megatek.com writes:\n\n>> Let us not limit\n>> \'misc.taoism\' to \'philosophy\'.  \n>\n>But if we don\'t limit it to *something*, the discussion degenerates into\n>a big amorphous glob. \n\nHmm...are you a Taoist?  Imposing limits *does* do something useful...it gives\nyou something to go beyond.\n\n>It seems to me that these questions more properly fall into the\n>category of "general metaphysics". I would prefer any misc.taoism\n>to deal more closely with topics and works more closely associated\n>with at least "semi-orthodox" Taoism: with established classic works \n>definitely included and works like Mantak Chia\'s argued about! \n\nI tend to be a bit critical of any stratification of Taoism.  I especially\ntend to frown on any suggestion that "orthodoxy" or "classics" have any\nspecial place in Tao.\n\n>I think "neo-Taoism" should be excluded or get its own group (what I\n>mean by this is "Humpty-Dumpty Taoism", in which Taoism means whatever \n>a poster says it means.) This "alt.taoism" could also be a refuge \n>for debates about what "Taoism *REALLY* means" or speculations on sexual\n>alchemy, etc..\n\nSo rather than debate what "Taoism *REALLY* means" you are suggesting that\nwe take someone else\'s word for it and work thusly?  I\'d rather not, thank\nyou.\n\n>What\'s happening is that that the term "Taoism" is becoming\n>completely polluted and trivialized like the words "magic", "Alchemy", \n>"Zen," etc., by writers appropriating the word to mean whatever they \n>want. This is seen by the spate of new age books entitled "The\n>Tao of" this, that, and everything else.\n\nWhereas you, of course, have a clear idea of what the word means?  Can\nyou tell the Tao? :-)\n\n>Any other comments/ideas? I look forward to seeing them. On balance,\n>I say let misc.taoism rip and let the chips fall where they may.\n\nWonderful idea.\n\n>it just gets filled up with college freshmen asking about the\n>Tao of Sex then it will have been a failure and people will post to\n>these groups just as they do now.\n\nOnly if you choose to define failure in that way.  Or to define it at all.\n\n\n\n-- \nI believe in the flesh and the appetites,\nSeeing hearing and feeling are miracles,\n\tand each part and tag of me is a miracle.\n\t                               -- Walt Whitman\n',
  u'From: fox@graphics.cs.nyu.edu (David Fox)\nSubject: Space Marketing -- Boycott\nNntp-Posting-Host: graphics.cs.nyu.edu\nOrganization: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences\nLines: 132\n\nIn the New York Times on Sunday May 9th in the week in review\nsection there was a report of a group called "Space Marketing"\nin Atlanta, Georgia who is planning to put up a one mile wide\nreflective Earth orbiting satelite which will appear as large\nand as bright as the Moon and carry some sort of advertising.\nThere was an editorial about this in the Times the following\nTuesday.\n\nAre others as upset about this as I am?  I feel that a global\nboycott of anyone involved with such a project would be a good\nidea.  Perhaps it could be made illegal in various countries\naround the world?  Do others agree?\n\n-david\n\n[Relevant messages found on the net:]\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFrom: webb@tsavo.hks.com (Peter Webb)\nNewsgroups: sci.space\nSubject: Stopping the sky-vandals\nDate: 13 May 1993 21:17:22 GMT\nOrganization: HKS, Inc.\nDistribution: world\n\n\n\nIf you don\'t want to see Space Marketing put up orbiting billboards, write\nthem, or call them, and tell them so.  You might also write your\ncongresspeople.  Space Marketing can be reached at:\n\nAttn: Mike Lawson\nPublic Relations Dept.\nSpace Marketing\n1495 Atmbree Rd., Suite 600\nRosewell, GA 30076\n(404)-442-9682\n\n--\nPeter Webb \t\t\t\t\twebb@hks.com\nHibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc.\t\tVoice: 401-727-4200\n1080 Main St, Pawtucket RI 02860\t\tFAX: 401-727-4208 \n\n[Alternatively, you could try to find out who their clients\n will be and tell *them* how you feel.]\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\nNewsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space,sci.misc,sci.environment,talk.environment\nFrom: klaes@verga.enet.dec.com (Larry Klaes)\nSubject: Light Pollution (Space Ads) Information\nKeywords: light pollution, advertisements\nOrganization: Digital Equipment Corporation\nDate: Thu, 13 May 1993 20:45:36 GMT\n\n        Dave Crawford (crawford@noao.edu), Executive Director of the \n    International Dark-Sky Association (IDA), sent me information on where \n    you can write in regards to the proposed "Billboards in the Sky" and\n    asked me to post it:\n\n        Karen Brown\n        Center for the Study of Commercialism\n        1875 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 300\n        Washington, D.C. 20009-5728\n        U.S.A.\n\n        Telephone:  202-797-7080\n        Fax:        202-265-4954\n\n        Please note that I have no involvement whatsoever with the CSC.\n\n        Larry Klaes  klaes@verga.enet.dec.com\n\t\t     or - ...!decwrl!verga.enet.dec.com!klaes\n    \t\t     or - klaes%verga.dec@decwrl.enet.dec.com\n                     or - klaes%verga.enet.dec.com@uunet.uu.net\n\n             "All the Universe, or nothing!" - H. G. Wells\n\n        EJASA Editor, Astronomical Society of the Atlantic\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFrom: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov\nNewsgroups: sci.space\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the Sky\nDate: 10 May 93 21:51:11 GMT\nDistribution: sci\nOrganization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nX-Posted-From: algol.jsc.nasa.gov\n\nF.Baube[tm] (flb@flb.optiplan.fi) wrote:\n[...]\n: That\'s roughly akin to saying let\'s let Anaconda strip-mine \n: the Grand Canyon so that strip-mining can boldly go where no \n: strip mining technology has gone before .. because after all, \n: mining means profits, and profits mean technological advance-\n: ment, and technogical advancement means prosperity, and pros-\n: perity means happiness, and so to hell with the Grand Canyon ..\n\nSpace advertisement in LOW Earth Orbit is very short term -- on the\norder of a few years before the orbit decays.  (Higher orbits last\nlonger.)  Advertisers will certainly be aware of the environmental\naspects of their advertising.  Fred\'s argument is roughly akin to\nsaying that it\'s bad to cut down trees, so we shouldn\'t advertise in\nnewspapers.  Think that through, Fred.\n\nPicture this: Our space billboard is a LARGE inflatable structure,\nfilled with "bio-degradable" foam instead of gas.  It scoops up space\ndebris as it orbits, thus CLEANING the space environment and bringing\nyou The Pause That Refreshes at the same time.  Because of the large\ndrag coefficient, it will de-orbit -- safely burning up -- within a\nyear.\n\nEmbedded in the foam structure is a small re-entry vehicle, which does\nnot burn up during entry.  It contains the electronics and propulsion\nsystem (which may be refurbished and re-used) as well as space science\nexperiments proposed and built by high school students in\nadvertiser-sponsored science fairs.\n\nAdvertisers buy time on the billboard, whose surface is made up of\ntiny mirrors controlled by the avionics package.  The avionics can\nreconfigure the mirrors to reflect different messages at different\nparts of the globe.  Clever programming allows different languages\nto every country.\n\nDuring orbital night, the mirrors turn perpendicular to the surface,\nand small lights are revealed.  The lights spell out messages for all\nto see.\n\n-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\n      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368\n\n                  "HERE MEN FROM THE PLANET EARTH\n                    FIRST SET FOOT UPON THE MOON\n                           JULY 1969, A.D.\n                  WE CAME IN PEACE FOR ALL MANKIND."\n',
  u'From: MUNIZB%RWTMS2.decnet@rockwell.com ("RWTMS2::MUNIZB")\nSubject: How do they ignite the SSME?\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 21\n\non Date: Sat, 3 Apr 1993 12:38:50 GMT, Paul Dietz <dietz@cs.rochester.edu>\nwrites:\n\n/in essence, holding a match under the nozzle, is just *nuts*.  One\n/thing you absolutely must do in such an engine is to guarantee that\n/the propellants ignite as soon as they mix, within milliseconds.  To\n/do otherwise is to fill your engine with a high explosive mixture\n/which, when it finally does ignite, blows everything to hell.\n\nDefinitely! In one of the reports of an early test conducted by Rocketdyne at \ntheir Santa Susanna Field Lab ("the Hill" above the San Fernando and Simi \nValleys), the result of a hung start was described as "structural failure" of \nthe combustion chamber.  The inspection picture showed pumps with nothing below\n, the CC had vaporized!  This was described in a class I took as a "typical\nengineering understatement" :-)\n\nDisclaimer: Opinions stated are solely my own (unless I change my mind).\nBen Muniz     MUNIZB%RWTMS2.decnet@consrt.rockwell.com    w(818)586-3578\nSpace Station Freedom:Rocketdyne/Rockwell:Structural Loads and Dynamics\n   "Man will not fly for fifty years": Wilbur to Orville Wright, 1901\n\n',
  u"From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: Albert Sabin\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.225657.17804@rambo.atlanta.dg.com>\nwpr@atlanta.dg.com (Bill Rawlins) writes:\n \n(Deletion)\n>\n>       Since you have referred to the Messiah, I assume you are referring\n>        to the New Testament.  Please detail your complaints or e-mail if\n>        you don't want to post.  First-century Greek is well-known and\n>        well-understood.  Have you considered Josephus, the Jewish Historian,\n>        who also wrote of Jesus?  In addition, the four gospel accounts\n>        are very much in harmony.\n>\n \nSince this drivel is also crossposted to alt.atheism, how about reading\nthe alt.atheism FAQ? The Josephus quote is concidered to be a fake even\nby Christian historians, and the four gospels contradict each other in\nimportant points.\n \nWeren't you going to offer a scientific theory of Creationism?\n   Benedikt\n",
  u'From: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nSubject: Ceci\'s "rosicrucian" adventure :-)\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 79\nReply-To: ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nHello Ceci:\n\n     My name is Tony and I have a few comments on your "rosicrucian"\nadventure. I hereby state that I am not claiming or denying membership in\nany Order, fraternity etc. with or without the word "Rosicrucian" in the \nname of the organization. I only claim having done some "homework" :-)\n\n     This is intended as a friendly article and if at times it seems\ndifferent, it\'s my lack of writing skills showing, nothing else. Heck,\nEnglish may be my second language! (And then again maybe not by now :-)\n\n     I proceed:\n>\n>I had an ehum, interesting experience with the Rosicrucians, or at\n>least Rosicrucians of some sort last Sunday.\n>\n     Let\'s start with the name "Rosicrucian". I took me a long time to come\nto the conclusion that there is a difference between a *member* of a\n"rosicrucian" body and BEING *a* ROSICRUCIAN. So when you say that you met\nsome \'rosicrucians\' you mean "members of a group that calls themselves\nrosicrucian". At least that is what your observation suggests :-)\n\n     I\'d prefer if you would have stated up front that it was the Lectorium\nRosicrucianum, only because they may be confused, by some readers of this\nnewsgroup, with the Rosicrucian Order AMORC based (the USA Jurisdiction) in\nSan Jose, CA; this being the RC org with the most members (last time I\nlooked). Of course, "most members" does not *necessarily* mean "best".\n\n     Anyway, the Lectorium Rosicrucianum claims they\ndescend (at least in part) from what was the "Gold-und-Rosenkreuz" (Golden\nand Rosy Cross), from the 18th century. There were two "Golden and Rosy\nCross", the first (chronologically) more alchemical, the second with\nMasonic tinges, but their history is the subject of a complete chapter :-).\n\n     "You\'ll have to trust me" when I tell you that if that\nlecture/class/whatever had been presented by AMORC, it is unlikely that you\nwould have had the same impression, i.e., you\'d probably have had a\npositive impression more likely than a negative one, IMHO. \n\n>The first guy also said that the R:s are a mystical Christian order, and\n>that they base their teachings on the teachings of the Kathars\n>(English?) from the thirteenth century.\n>\n     Again, instead of R:s, it should be "Lectorium Rosicrucianum" :-). It\nis curious to know that 3 other RC \'orders\' (in the USA) claim to be *non-\nsectarian*.\n\n     The Cathars were a \'heretic\' christian sect that directly challenged\nthe \'authority\' of the medieval catholic church. They flourished during the\n12th century, century which saw the religious zeal expressed in the\ncrusades and also the growing disillusion with the catholic church and the\nworldly ways of its clerics. It was largely in response to the church\'s\nunseemly pomp and splendor that Catharism took root, first in northern\nItaly, then throughout the south of France.\n\n\n>What made me a bit suspicious, was the way they first said that we all\n>contained something divine, and could find our way back to divinity,\n>then that we couldn\'t become divine as the persons we are currently,\n>but if we worked really hard we would reach eternal bliss.\n\n     I don\'t see nothing *fundamentally* wrong with "us containing\nsomething divine"... And yes I don\'t like phrases like "eternal bliss"\neither! :-)\n\n>How to robotize people and brainwash...\n>\n     For a moment I thought you were referring to Madison Ave :-)\n(Madison avenue in New York City is where the most influential (read\n$$$) *commercial* advertising is produced here in the USA :-)\n\nPeace,\n\nTony\n\n\nBTW, I have read the intro letters of the LRC which they will mail you free\nof charge.\n',
  u'From: d91tm@efd.lth.se (Tomas Moeller)\nSubject: WANTED : Scott  Leatham @ Microsoft\nOrganization: Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden\nLines: 13\n\nHello there!\nA few days ago I got a mail concerning bitmap-stretching\nfrom SCOTT LEATHAM @ Microsoft Redmond WA, USA.\nI really would like to answer back to him, but I have \nlost his email-address.\nSo if Scott or anybody that knows his email-address\nreads this, please mail me his address so I can\nanswer his mail.\n\nPlease mail to : d91tm@efd.lth.se\n\n\tThanks\n\t  /Tomas\n',
  u'From: jmk@cbnews.cb.att.com (joseph.m.knapp)\nSubject: Re: Biblical Backing of Koresh\'s 3-02 Tape (Cites enclosed)\nOrganization: AT&T\nLines: 9\n\ncotera@woods.ulowell.edu writes:\n>           David Thibedeau (sp?), one of the cult members, said that the fire\n>was started when one of the tanks spraying the tear gas into the facilities\n>knocked over a lantern.\n\nSort of a "Mrs. O\'Leary\'s" tank theory? Moooo.\n\n---\nJoe Knapp   jmk@cbvox.att.com\n',
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Requests\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 28\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <C5qLLG.4BC@mailer.cc.fsu.edu>, mayne@pipe.cs.fsu.edu (William Mayne) writes:\n|> In article <pww-190493085759@spac-at1-59.rice.edu> pww@spacsun.rice.edu (Peter Walker) writes:\n|> >\n|> >Didn\'t the Church get lightning rods banned in several European countries\n|> >in the eighteenth century because it was widely believed that they\n|> >interfered with god\'s striking down of blasphemers? I seem to remember that\n|> >this was more common in eastern Europe.\n|> \n|> I don\'t know about eastern Europe, but according to Bertrand Russell,\n|> writing in Science and Mysticism (I think, though it could have been\n|> another book) said that preachers in colonial Boston attributed an\n|> earthquake to God\'s wrath over people putting up lightning rods, which\n|> they had been preaching against as interference with God\'s will. Being\n|> deprived of lightning bolts as a method to get at sinners He evidently\n|> resorted to sterner measures.\n|> \n|> No smilies. I am not making this up.\n\n\nI\'m sure you are not.   After the "San Francisco" Earthquake \na couple of years ago, there was a flurry of traffic on \ntalk.religion.misc about how this was the result of the \nnotorious homo- this that and t\'other in the City.\n\nThe fact that the Earthquake was actually down the road in\nSanta Cruz/Watsonville didn\'t seem to phase them any.\n\njon.\n',
  u"From: khan0095@nova.gmi.edu (Mohammad Razi Khan)\nSubject: manipulating a hexagonal grid\nOrganization: GMI Engineering&Management Institute, Flint, MI\nLines: 28\n\nOk, lets say youve got a grid of hexagons\n\nthat go in a        10\n                     9\n                    10\n                     9\n                    etc..\n\nfor a total of 15 rows down\n\nthat means there are 10 hexagons in the 1st line,\n9 lined up underneath in the second line\n10 lined up underneath in the third line\n9 lined up under neath in the fourht...\n\n\n\nthe problem is  given the center of any arbritrary hexagon, and a line with\nand arbritrary slope, Which hexagons does that line cross through \n(The line doesn't necessarily have to cross through the center of other hexagon,it can even be a tangent and count).  Any helpers, my friend was baffeled\nwhen trying to figure this.\n:w\n\n--\nMohammad R. Khan                /    khan0095@nova.gmi.edu\nAfter July '93, please send mail to  mkhan@nyx.cs.du.edu\n\n\n",
  u'From: mt90dac@brunel.ac.uk (Del Cotter)\nSubject: Re: What planets are habitable\nOrganization: Brunel University, West London, UK\nLines: 37\n\n<C659w7.IyD@fs7.ece.cmu.edu>, loss@fs7.ECE.CMU.EDU (Doug Loss) writes:\n\n><JPG.93Apr27135219@holly.bnr.co.uk> jpg@bnr.co.uk (Jonathan P. Gibbons) writes:\n>\n>>I would appreciate any thoughts on what makes a planet habitable for Humans.\n>>I am making asumptions that life and a similar atmosphere evolve given a range\n>>of physical aspects of the planet.  The question is what physical aspects\n>>simply disallow earth like conditions.\n>\n>    Dandridge Cole and Isaac Asimov collaborated on a book titled,\n> "Habitable Planets for Man" (I think) in 1964.  It should be available\n> in most good libraries, or through inter-library loan.\n\nSome more references:\n\nS.H. Dole\n\n"Habitable Planets for Man"\nBlaisdell Publishing Company, New York (1964)\n\nI don\'t know if this can be found any more.\n\nM.J. Fogg\n\n"Extra-Solar Planetary Systems: A Microcomputer Simulation"\nJ. Brit. Interplanetary. Soc., _38_, 501-514, (1985)\n\n"An Estimate of the Prevalence of Biocompatible and Habitable Planets"\nJ. Brit. Interplanetary. Soc., _45_, 3-12, (1992)\n\nThe first paper includes a detailed discussion of the physical conditions\nfor habitability.\n\n-- \n \',\' \' \',\',\'  |                                                  |  \',\' \' \',\',\'\n   \', ,\',\'    |       Del Cotter       mt90dac@brunel.ac.uk      |    \', ,\',\'  \n     \',\'      |                                                  |      \',\'    \n',
  u'From: hudson@athena.cs.uga.edu (Paul Hudson Jr)\nSubject: Re: Religion and homosexuality\nKeywords: being liberal\nOrganization: University of Georgia, Athens\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 18\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.182411.7621@midway.uchicago.edu> dsoconne@midway.uchicago.edu writes:\n>First of all as far as I know, only male homosexuality is explicitly\n>mentioned in the bibles, so you\'re off the hook there,\n\nActually, there is one condemnation of lesbian acts in the Bible, Romans\n1:26.\n\nI think. In\n>any event, there are *plenty* of people in many denominations who\n>do not consider a person\'s sexual identification of gay/lesbian/bisexual\n>as an "immoral lifestyle choice"\n\nThere are plenty who don\'t read the Bible.\nOr pray for that matter.\n\nLink Hudson.\n\n\n',
  u"Subject: Re: Galileo Update - 04/29/93\nFrom: simon@otago.ac.nz (The Arch-Deviant)\nOrganization: University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand\nNntp-Posting-Host: thorin.otago.ac.nz\nLines: 11\n\nIn article <29APR199321594919@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov>, baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke) writes:\n> 2.  On April 23, a cruise science Memory Readout (MRO) was performed for the\n> Magnetometer (MAG) instrument.  Analysis indicates the data was received\n> properly.\n\nAm I correct in assuming that the science instruments buffer their acquired\ndata in onboard RAM, which is then downloaded upon receipt of the MRO command?\n\nSimon Brady                 You don't need a lot of fancy hardware for\nUniversity of Otago         Virtual Reality - just a walkman and an\nDunedin, New Zealand        attitude\n",
  u'From: rcollins@ns.encore.com (Roger Collins)\nSubject: Re: Space Marketing would be wonderfull.\nReply-To: rcollins@encore.com\nOrganization: Encore Computer Corporation\nNntp-Posting-Host: sysgem1.encore.com\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <geoffmC7508L.F1K@netcom.com>, geoffm@netcom.com (Geoff Miller) writes:\n|> In article <C74rGL.4u7@ucdavis.edu> ez012344@hamlet.ucdavis.edu (Dan Herrin)\n|> writes:\n|> \n|> >Is it not also an abomination that somebody would spend money on "space \n|> >advertising" when those children are starving? Perhaps some redistribution\n|> >of wealth would help them ...\n|> \n|> \n|> This is specious emotionalism.  Commercial enterprises typically don\'t\n|> spend money on starving children (or other world problems) anyway, at\n|> least not in excess of whatever minimum amount is required for lip-\n|> service and PR purposes.  Precisely where would you place the threshold\n|> beyond which advertising spending is deemed "abominable," and why?\n\nYes!  Just take money from the profitable commercial enterprises\nand give it to the government to "redistribute."  Government is so much\nmore efficient, trustworthy, and noble than self-serving businesses. :)\n\nLet\'s nip this redistributionist ignorance in the bud.  If it were not\nfor commercial enterprises, the whole world would be starving.\n\nRoger Collins\n',
  u"From: roddi@cs.monash.edu.au (Roddi Walker)\nSubject: Re: Where did the hacker ethic go?\nOrganization: Computer Science, Monash University, Australia\nLines: 11\n\n\nOn a more cheerful note, perhaps hackerism/hacking isn't completely dead.\n\nAs someone else said, take the GNU offerings for example - free, redistributable and \noften better than the commercial stuff.  Take also the number of papers published\nevery year in all the fields of computer science - the vast majority of these papers\ndetail original work of real, often exceptional merit - and the authors are sharing\nthis knowledge.\n\nHave Fun,\nRoddi\n",
  u"From: pww@spacsun.rice.edu (Peter Walker)\nSubject: Re: The Universe and Black Holes, was Re: 2000 years.....\nOrganization: I didn't do it, nobody saw me, you can't prove a thing.\nLines: 24\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.154658@IASTATE.EDU>, kv07@IASTATE.EDU (Warren\nVonroeschlaub) wrote:\n> \n>   Let's say that we drop a marble into the black hole.  It races, ever faster,\n> towards the even horizon.  But, thanks to the curving of space caused by the\n> excessive gravity, as the object approaches the event horizon it has further to\n> travel.  Integrating the curve gives a time to reach the event horizon of . . \n> infinity.  So the math says that nothing can enter a black hole.\n\nNot true. Only an observer at rest at infinite distance from the black hole\nwill see the particle take infinite time to reach the horizon. In the\nparticle's own reference frame, it takes a very finite time to reach the\nhorizon and the singularity. The math does indeed predict this. Take a look\nat Mitchner, Thorne, and Wheeler's _Gravitation_.\n> \n\nPeter Walker\n\nDon't forget to sing:\n            They say there's a heaven for those who will wait\n                Some say it's better, but I say it ain't\n        I'd rather laugh with the sinners than cry with the saints\n                     The sinners are much more fun\n                         Only the good die young!\n",
  u"From: ba@mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu (B.A. Davis-Howe)\nSubject: Re: Rosicrucian Order(s) ?!\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 13\n\n\nON the subject of how many competing RC orders there are, let me point out the\nGolden Dawn is only the *outer* order of that tradition.  The inner order is\nthe Roseae Rubeae et Aurae Crucis.  That's Ruby Rose and Gold Cross, in rough\ntranslation.  The G.'.D.'. is a Rosicrucian order, as are all derivative\ngroups.  Of course, real Rosicrucians never admit to being Rosicrucian.\n\nEnjoy the journey!\n                      --Br'anArthur\n                                      Queer, Peculiar, and Wyrd! :-)\n\n******************************************************************************\nClosed minds don't want to know.        --JJObermark\n",
  u"From: ewinterr@cwis.isu.edu (EWING_TERRY)\nSubject: Raytriacing and animation\nOrganization: Idaho State University, Pocatello\nLines: 14\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cwis.isu.edu\n\n\nNow I have a couple raytracing questions.\nJust so you know I'm using PovRay 1.0 (both MS-dos and Unix) and I'm generating Targa files of varying size.\n\n1) ok, so I can view these wonderful pictures on my screen.  What's the best way  to get them on to paper?  Would it be possible to take it to Kinko's and have   them make an actual picture on paper from it?\n\n2) I was thinking about making a small animation bit with different raytraced \nframes.  Is this a bad idea?  Any tricks to it?\n\n3\n\n)\n How would I get a sequence of targa files made into an animation \nthat I could put on a videotape?  Is there a cheap way?\n",
  u'From: xyzzy@hal.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Daniel Drucker)\nSubject: Re: Where did the hacker ethic go?\nOrganization: dis\nLines: 18\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hal.ai.mit.edu\n\nIn article <gradyC6D7Ep.AwE@netcom.com> grady@netcom.com (1016/2EF221) writes:\n>Where did the hacker ethic go?\n>\n>We hackers of the 70\'s and 80\' are now comfortably employed\n>and supporting families.  The next generation takes\n>the radical lead now.  Don\'t look for radicalism among us\n>old ones; we\'re gone...\n\nAnd guess who\'s here in your place.\n\nPlease finger xyzzy@gnu.ai.mit.edu for information, or if you are\na mail/news only site, mail xyzzy@gnu.ai.mit.edu with the subject line\n"SEND FINGER".\n\n\n-- \nDaniel Drucker   N2SXX          | xyzzy@gnu.ai.mit.edu\nForever, forever, my Coda.      | und2dzd@vaxc.hofstra.edu\n',
  u"From: lilley@v5.cgu.mcc.ac.uk (Chris Lilley)\nSubject: Re: HELP: Need 24 bits viewer\nKeywords: 24 bit\nLines: 24\nReply-To: C.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk\nOrganization: Computer Graphics Unit, MCC\n\n\nIn article <5713@seti.inria.fr>, deniaud@cartoon.inria.fr (Gilles Deniaud) writes:\n\n>I'm looking for a program which is able to display 24 bits\n>images. We are using a Sun Sparc equipped with Parallax\n>graphics board running X11.\n\nUtah raster toolkit using getx11. Convert your sun raster files (presumably) to \nppm with the pbm+ toolkit then convert ppm to utah rle format with ppmtorle which\nis provided in the toolkit.\n\nI seem to remember that Xloadimage can do 24 bit servers too.\n\nPossibly xwud the x window un-dump program can display 24 bit images; certainly\nxwd can grab them.\n\n--\nChris Lilley\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTechnical Author, ITTI Computer Graphics and Visualisation Training Project\nComputer Graphics Unit, Manchester Computing Centre, Oxford Road, \nManchester, UK.  M13 9PL                        Internet: C.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk  \nVoice: +44 (0)61 275 6045  Fax: +44 (0)61 275 6040 Janet: C.C.Lilley@uk.ac.mcc\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u'From: aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer)\nSubject: Re: Alaska Pipeline and Space Station!\nOrganization: Evil Geniuses for a Better Tomorrow\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.160550.7592@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:\n\n>>Why can\'t the government just be a tennant?\n\n>I think this would be a great way to build it, but unfortunately\n>current spending rules don\'t permit it to be workable. \n\nActually, that is no longer true. In the last few years Congress has\nammended laws to provide whatever is needed. Note that both Spacehab\nand Comet are funded this way.\n\nThe problems aren\'t legal nor technical. The problem is NASA\'s culture.\n\n  Allen\n\n-- \n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Allen W. Sherzer | "A great man is one who does nothing but leaves        |\n|  aws@iti.org     |  nothing undone"                                       |\n+----------------------71 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX-----------------------+\n',
  u'From: apd2c@Virginia.EDU ("Andrew Paul Dickens")\nSubject: Re: computer graphics to vcr?\nOrganization: University of Virginia\nLines: 16\n\n\n\tGetting an image from a computer monitor to a videotape\nis harder than it looks.  The standard VGA and EGA outputs are \nvery different than the NTSC format used by televisions.  While\nthere is equipment that will do the conversion, it is hard to\nget your hands on and costs quite a bit.\n\n\tIf you have access to an Amiga computer, that has an\nNTSC output, you can transfer certain types of graphic files by\nmodem and tape them from the NTSC output.  Unfortunately, this\nwould be frame-by-frame and would lead to unbelievably scratchy\nanimation unless you had a good Amiga animation program.\n\n\tOtherwise, see if your local public access cable\nstation has equipment that you can use.\n\n',
  u"From: cs173sbw@sdcc5.ucsd.edu (cs173sbw)\nSubject: Re: REAL-3D\nOrganization: University of California, San Diego\nLines: 11\nNntp-Posting-Host: sdcc5.ucsd.edu\n\nI heard a friend who just return from NAB from Las Vegas confirm\nthat RealSoft will be releasing a Windows version of REAL-3D 2.0\nthis summer.  He was told that the rendering speed on the DX50 isn't\nas fast as A4000.  However, he was also told that they are switching\nfrom Microsoft C++ to Watcom to gain more speed.  For people who is\nlooking for a powerful 3D animation software for PC.  The wait\nshouldn't be too long.  Real 3D 2.0 is absolutely the most powerful and\nflexible 3D package out there that sells for less than $1000.\n\np.s. I heard a Indigo version is also under development.\n\n",
  u'From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)\nSubject: Fred and Tom, ad naseum\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 189\n\n>>Nick sez;\nI\'m not very impressed by the old so-called "prospecting" work from\nLPI, it has almost all been geared towards industrially silly processes on\nthe moon as an excuse to put astronauts there.   [...]\n\n>>Fred replies;\nTranslation:  It doesn\'t support the Nick Szabo Vision of the Future\nto Which You MUST Subscribe...\n\n>Tom sez;\nFred, we\'re all supporting what each of us thinks should be done, to some\ndegree.  If you have a problem with what Nick thinks should be done,\naddress it, instead of just complaining about his doing so.\n\n>Fred again;\nYou really don\'t get what the \'complaints\' are about, do you?\n  [not incredibly clear explanation of complaints...something between\n   feelings regarding Nick\'s method, and judgments about his meaning]\n\nT\n>>Maybe I\'d get it if you said what the complaints are about, rather than\n>>doing the same things that you mean to complain about.  When you trash\n>>people, how am I supposed to read that as \'trashing people is bad\'?\n\nF\n>Gee, funny that you get it now, then?  Deliberate obtuseness, perhaps?\n\n*** Fred\'s issue #1;  Nick\'s alleged trashing of others ***\n\nI only got it when you stopped trashing, and made your point patently,\ninstead of \'allegorically\'.  That was my point all along, Fred.\n\n>>>>Not only\n>>>>do you do the same thing on the net (honestly reporting your ideas\n>>>>on matters of policy and projects in space), but your response was just\n>>>>baiting, not even part of a debate.\n\n>>>I have yet to see Nick enter into anything remotely resembling "a\n>>>debate".  I see him flame anyone or anything who disagrees with The\n>>>One True Szabo Plan; I see him attacking people, calling them "lazy\n>>>bastard" because they had the temerity to disagree with the Almight\n>>>Nick; I see him questioning peoples ethics, again because they had the\n>>>temerity to disagree with Lord God Szabo.  But debate?  BWAAaaahhhaaaa.\n\n>>I\'m glad you can laugh, since your ratio of debate/insult is about the same.\n\n>Not even close, Tommy, and generally only when I\'m dealing with\n>someone like Nick.\n\nI see we are dealing with a problem in a conflict of interpretations, not\nleast of which is your belief that only you can adequately judge what is\nand is not debate.  Suffice to say that I disagree with you on that last\npoint.  Why don\'t you take a poll, Fred, if you want some psuedo-objective\npoint-of-view?\n\nAnd, as usual, you defend your insults with "he started it."  "Yeah, I\ntook some of his research and called it my own, but he started it."  "So\nwhat if I stole his car, he stole my lawnmower first."  Besides that, I\nthink it\'s still open to interpretation whether Nick actually did start it.\nSo your defense, besides being lame, and contradicting the first part of\nthe sentence in which it occurs, may not even apply anyway.\n\nYour defense reminds me of the guy that broke the borrowed tool:  "I\nnever borrowed it, I already gave it back, and it was broken when you\ngave it to me."  Make up yer mind, Fred!\n\n>>>>I\'m not convinced that people are necessary in all parts of every space-\n>>>>based process, and your response doesn\'t tell me a thing about the\n>>>>reasons why you think they should be, except to impune the motives of\n>>>>the person with a divergent opinion.\n\n>>>Who said I think they should be, Tommy?  Show me a note where I said\n>>>that and I\'ll eat this terminal.    ****See below, Fred****\n\n>>Fred, I cocluded that you did, since you took issue with it.  The fact\n>>that my conclusion was incorrect, i.e. that you were taking issue with\n>>something different, is evidence that your communication style is\n>>confusing.\n\n>Or evidence that your reading and comprehension style are inadequate.\n\nFirst, I try to address what I think you meant, for which I am rewarded\nwith a denial of sorts, and a smart remark.  Then, I point out that I am\nnot clear what you did mean, rather than risking your childish ire, wrongly\ninterpreting you a second time, and I\'m stupid for it.  I just can\'t win,\ncan I, Fred?  You\'ve got a great point here somewhere, it\'s just that\nbetween stupid people that you must insult, and your jealous guarding of\nyour valuable opinions, you never actually get around to making it.\n\n>Please quote the \'it\' I took issue with.  I believe you will see (if\n>you look) that what I was and am taking issue with is Mr Szabo\'s idea\n>that the manned program should be scrapped until such time as his\n>toaster-based infrastructure is finished.  All Hail the Szabo Plan!\n\n*** Fred issue #2;  Nick\'s alleged meaning ***\n\nToo bad the plan only exists in your mind, instead of Nick\'s, or you\nwould have a really good point.  Instead you have provided a good reason\nto ignore your insults, since they are based on incorrect interpretations\nthat you have made about others.  Forgive me for giving your insults more\nmeaning than they ever should have had.\n\nMy reading of what Nick actually said is that "people aren\'t required in\nall parts of all space processes", so your taking issue with his opinions\nregarding people in the space program, I read as "People are required in\nall parts of all space processes."  So, help me out, here, Fred, since I\'m\nso patently stupid.  Did you read Nick wrong?  Or are you going to eat\nyour terminal now?  If the latter, I sure hope it\'s one of those Cheeto and\nstring models that all the computer mags have been raving about :-)\n\nThe point is, _I_ am not stupid because of _your_ incorrect assumption.  I\'d\nonly be stupid if I insulted you for having made it.  But, alas, that\'s your\njob, Fred.\n\nAnd, finally, your style is confusing, since you tried to make two points,\nsimultaneously, with an allegory/insult.  Sadly, one point addressed a \'plan\'\nthat only existed in your mind, and the other took issue with behaviors that\nyou do as much as anyone.\n\n>More deliberate lack of understanding, Tommy?\n\nNo, no, I finally got it.  You don\'t like the plan that Nick\'s posts made\nyou imagine.  And you don\'t like Nick\'s obnoxious behavior, even though\nit\'s no worse than your own.  Thanks for taking the time with someone as\ndense as myself.\n\n>>>>If you have a problem with Nick\'s delivery, address that.  The way you\n>>>>bait, you\'re perpetuating the lack of discourse that you complain of.\n\n>>>No, Tommy, the \'bait\' is that which elicits the response.  *NICK*\n>>>\'baits\'; I just flame him for being an obnoxious fool.\n\n>>I don\'t really care who started it.  I read this list to get information\n>>and other\'s views on the issues to which it was dedicated, not to be\n>>your Mom (He started it!  No, he did!) or to hear about why Nick is a very\n>>bad guy.  If you think flaming is bad, stop flaming, or at least get to\n>>the point in the first post, instead of explaining yourself all the time.\n\n>That\'s nice, Tommy.  When you pay me to post to the net you can\n>complain about not getting your money\'s worth.  Perhaps if you weren\'t\n>(deliberately?) too thick to get the point the first time I wouldn\'t\n>have to waste time "explaining [myself] all the time"?\n\nOf course, Socrates.  How could it be otherwise?\n\n>I think it\'s neat how all this criticism from you started after your\n>\'fatherly\' admonitions to me about how such things should be handled\n>outside Usenet were somewhat rebuffed.  Being a little hypocritical,\n>Tommy (to go with the immaturity)?  Or is this just the pique of a\n>net.ghod wannabe who got turned down by someone he *thought* was new\n>(and hence could be \'instructed\' -- Tommy, I saw you come on the net).\n\nWho cares who came on the net first?  If you do, consider that you saw\nme come on after a brief haitus, before which I was on for about 2 years.\nIf you had seen me on the net first, you\'d remember when Nick and I went\ndown exactly the same road regarding rude, unneccesary behavior.  It\'s\njust amazing to me that you continue to take issue with behavior that\'s\nno worse than your own.\n\nLet\'s see here, my complaints about your obnoxious behavior are hypocritical,\nwhile your flames against people you decide are flamers isn\'t, and my\ncomplaints about your name-calling are immature, while your name-calling\nisn\'t.  Yeah, right.  Maybe if you called me some more names, I might\nsee it better, Fred.\n\n"Net.ghod wannabe"?  Naturally, Fred, you\'ve correctly interpreted my\nmotivations, when yours are impossible to judge from your actions (as\nyour insulting of people that try, proves).  I didn\'t really care about\npeople that fill the net with personal garbage, what I really wanted was to\nimpress everyone.  I only put my complaints with your behavior on private\nmail, not because it belongs there, but because I thought you were such a\njerk that you\'d bring it back to the Net, playing right into my hands.\nAlas, I had no idea what an intellectual master you were, turning tables and\nbringing the history of these posts to the net, for the noble and valuable\npurpose of embarassing me.  Whether I should feel stupid because I tried\nto make suggestions to such a superior intellect, or becuase I tried to\ncommunicate like an adult with a self-righteous ass, still isn\'t clear.\n\nWell, Fred, you exposed me.  Now I\'ll never be able to get a(nother) job\nwith NASA, since they all know that I\'m stupider than Fred McCall.  Well,\nI just hope you\'re happy.  Please leave me alone, now.  I just don\'t\nhave the heart to attempt keeping up with one so far above me.  Maybe Nick\nor Pat can approach your high standards, but I\'m dropping it now.\n\n-Tommy Mac\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk   \\\\ As the radius of vision increases,\n18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu 336-9591 hm \\\\ the circumference of mystery grows.\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u"From: naren@tekig1.PEN.TEK.COM (Naren Bala)\nSubject: Re: Theists posting\nOrganization: Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton,  OR.\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <C4ux99.AIC@ra.nrl.navy.mil> khan@itd.itd.nrl.navy.mil (Umar Khan) writes:\n\nStuff deleted \n\n>Is there a concordance for the FAQ?  WHich translation is considered\n>most authoritative?  Is there an orthodox commentary for the FAQ\n>available?  Is there one FAQ for militant atheists and another for\n>moderate atheists; or, do you all read from the same FAQ?  If so,\n>how do you resolve differences of interpretation?\n\nHmmmmmmmmmmmm.............................................         \nI can put the same question to followers of any religion. How do you\nMoslems resolve differences of opinion ?? Don't tell me that there\nis one interpretation of the Quran. Read the soc.culture.* newsgroups.\nYou will zillions of different interpretations.\n\n-- Naren\nnaren@TEKIG1.PEN.TEK.COM \n\nAll standard disclaimers apply\n\n",
  u'From: s127@ii.uib.no (Torgeir Veimo)\nSubject: C++ classes for graphics\nOrganization: Institutt for Informatikk UIB Norway\nLines: 16\n\nI\'m planning on writing several classes to build a raytracing/radiosity library\non top of, and i\'m wondering if anythink like this is freely available on the\nnet before i go to it. What i need is classes like rays, vectors, colors,\nshaders, surfaces, media, primitives, worlds (containing primitives) and\nviews/images.\n\nPlease post or mail.\n-- \nTorgeir Veimo\n\nStudying at the University of Bergen\n\n"...I\'m gona wave my freak flag high!" (Jimi Hendrix)\n\n"...and it would be okay on any other day!" (The Police)\n\n',
  u'From: pat@nick.csh.rit.edu (Pat Fleckenstein (A jedi in training))\nSubject: Re: 3-D widget wish list?\nKeywords: 3-D widget, manipulation, feedback, user interface design system\nNntp-Posting-Host: nick.csh.rit.edu\nOrganization: Computer Science House @ RIT\nLines: 16\n\n\nWhat I\'d like to see is the more generic N-dimensional widget set.\nI realize, that there wouldn\'t be a whole shitload of people\nwho\'d want more than 3, but why stop?\n\nAll I need is a Widget with up to N viewports showing me different\n3-D or 2-D slices of my stuff.\n\nalter,\npat\n\n-- \n  pat@ritcsh.csh.rit.edu*paf3580@ritvax.rit.edu*paflecke@spectrum.xerox.com\n*****************************************************************************\n    "All Objects are Macroscopic, Invisible, Non-Physical, or otherwise\n     Non-Heisenbergish.  Fuck the Cat!"  -- me\n',
  u"From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: What planets are habitable\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 18\n\nIn article <1rpt1v$q5h@hsc.usc.edu> khayash@hsc.usc.edu (Ken Hayashida) writes:\n>As for human tolerances, the best example of human endurance in terms\n>of altitude (i.e. low atmospheric pressure and lower oxygen partial pressure)\n>is in my opinion to the scaling of Mt. Everest without oxygen assistance...\n>... This is quite a feat of physiological endurance...\n\nIndeed so; it's at the extreme limit of what is humanly possible.  It is\npossible only because Mount Everest is at a fairly low latitude:  there\nis a slight equatorial bulge in the atmosphere -- beyond what is induced\nby the Earth's rotation -- thanks to the overall circulation pattern of\nthe atmosphere (air cools at poles and descends, flowing back to equator\nwhere it is warmed and rises), and this helps just enough to make Everest-\nwithout-oxygen feasible.  Only just feasible, mind you:  the guys who did\nit reported hallucinations and other indications of oxygen starvation,\nand probably incurred some permanent brain damage.\n-- \nSVR4 resembles a high-speed collision   | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\nbetween SVR3 and SunOS.    - Dick Dunn  |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n",
  u'From: johnsh@rpi.edu (Hugh Johnson)\nSubject: Re: QuickTime movie available\nArticle-I.D.: mustang.johnsh-060493161931\nOrganization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute\nLines: 31\nNntp-Posting-Host: mustang.stu.rpi.edu\n\nIn article <johnsh-040493161915@mustang.stu.rpi.edu>, I wrote:\n> \n> I\'ve used the recently-released Macintosh application MPEG to QuickTime to\n> convert the excellent MPEG "canyon.mpg" into a QuickTime movie.  While\n> anyone who would want this movie is perfectly able to convert it\n> themselves, I thought I\'d let the net know that I\'d be glad to mail copies\n> of mine out.  The movie conversion took close to SIX HOURS on my poor\n> little IIcx; in other words, unless you\'ve got a Quadra, you might not want\n> to tie up your machine in converting this file.\n> \n> The movie is a fast fly-through of a fractal-generated canyon landscape. \n> The movie is 58 seconds long, and uses the compact video compressor (i.e.,\n> QuickTime v1.5).  The movie looks okay on 8-bit displays, and looks\n> absolutely awesome on 16- and 24-bit displays.\n> \n> I\'d be happy to mail this movie to the first 20 or so people who ask for\n> it.  The only caveat is you need to be able to receive a nine-megabyte mail\n> message (the movie was stuff-it\'ed down to seven megs, but binhex ruined\n> that party).  If more then 20 people want this movie, then it\'s just more\n> evidence that the net needs a dedicated QuickTime FTP archive site.  C\'mon,\n> someone\'s gotta have a spare 1.2GB drive out there...\n\nOkay, I\'ve received a whole lot of requests for the movie, so for\nsimplicity\'s sake I can\'t mail out any more than I\'ve already received (as\nof 16:30 EDT, Tuesday).  Maybe it\'ll pop up on a site sooner or later.\n\n==============================================================================\nHugh Johnson (johnsh@rpi.edu)    | \nRensselaer Polytechnic Institute |            Welcome to Macintosh.\nTroy, New York, USA              |\n==============================================================================\n',
  u"From: mike@leah.prc.utexas.edu (Michael Kline)\nSubject: IGES and e00 formats\nOrganization: Population Research Center, UT-Austin\nLines: 10\n\nI am trying to find out anything I can about available documentation\nfor IGES and e00(Arc/Info) formats.  If you know anything about these\nformats (or just one) PLEASE send me a note.  I don't read this group,\nso please send responses to:\n\nmike@prc.utexas.edu\n\nThank You\n\nMike Kline\n",
  u"From: games@max.u.washington.edu\nSubject: SSTO Senatorial (aide) breifing recollections.\nArticle-I.D.: max.1993Apr6.125512.1\nDistribution: world\nLines: 78\nNNTP-Posting-Host: max.u.washington.edu\n\nThe following are my thoughts on a meeting that I, Hugh Kelso, and Bob Lilly\nhad with an aide of Sen. Patty Murrays.  We were there to discuss SSTO, and\ncommercial space.  This is how it went...\n\n\n\nAfter receiving a packet containing a presentation on the benifits of SSTO,\nI called and tried to schedule a meeting with our local Senator (D) Patty\nMurray, Washington State.  I started asking for an hour, and when I heard\nthe gasp on the end of the phone, I quickly backed off to 1/2 an hour.\nLater in that conversation, I learned that a standard appointment is 15 minutes.\n\nWe got the standard bozo treatment.  That is, we were called back by an aide,\nwho scheduled a meeting with us, in order to determine that we were not\nbozos, and to familiarize himself with the material, and to screen it, to \nmake sure that it was appropriate to take the senators time with that material.\n\nWell, I got allocated 1/2 hour with Sen. Murrays aide, and we ended up talking\nto him for 45 minutes, with us ending the meeting, and him still listening.\nWe covered a lot of ground, and only a little tiny bit was DCX specific.  \nMost of it was a single stage reusable vehicle primer.  There was another\nwoman there who took copius quantities of notes on EVERY topic that\nwe brought up.\n\nBut, with Murray being new, we wanted to entrench ourselves as non-corporate\naligned (I.E. not speaking for boeing) local citizens interentested in space.\nSo, we spent a lot of time covering the benifits of lower cost access to\nLEO.  Solar power satellites are a big focus here, so we hit them as becoming \nfeasible with lower cost access, and we hit the environmental stand on that.\nWe hit the tourism angle, and I left a copy of the patric Collins Tourism\npaper, with side notes being that everyone who goes into space, and sees the\natmosphere becomes more of an environmentalist, esp. after SEEING the smog\nover L.A.  We hit on the benifits of studying bone decalcification (which is \nmore pronounced in space, and said that that had POTENTIAL to lead to \nunderstanding of, and MAYBE a cure for osteoporosis.  We hit the education \nwhereby kids get enthused by space, but as they get older and find out that\nthey havent a hop in hell of actually getting there, they go on to other\nfields, with low cost to orbit, the chances they might get there someday \nwould provide greater incentive to hit the harder classes needed.\n\nWe hit a little of the get nasa out of the operational launch vehicle business\nangle.  We hit the lower cost of satellite launches, gps navigation, personal\ncommunicators, tellecommunications, new services, etc...  Jobs provided\nin those sectors.\n\nJobs provided building the thing, balance of trade improvement, etc..\nWe mentioned that skypix would benifit from lower launch costs.\n\nWe left the paper on what technologies needed to be invested in in order\nto make this even easier to do.  And he asked questions on this point.\n\nWe ended by telling her that we wanted her to be aware that efforts are\nproceeding in this area, and that we want to make sure that the\nresults from these efforts are not lost (much like condor, or majellan),\nand most importantly, we asked that she help fund further efforts along\nthe lines of lowering the cost to LEO.\n\nIn the middle we also gave a little speal about the Lunar Resource Data \nPurchase act, and the guy filed it separately, he was VERY interested in it.\nHe asked some questions about it, and seemed like he wanted to jump on it,\nand contact some of the people involved with it, so something may actually\nhappen immediatly there.\n\nThe last two things we did were to make sure that they knew that we\nknew a lot of people in the space arena here in town, and that they\ncould feel free to call us any time with questions, and if we didn't know\nthe answers, that we would see to it that they questions got to people who\nreally did know the answers.\n\nThen finally, we asked for an appointment with the senator herself.  He\nsaid that we would get on the list, and he also said that knowing her, this\nwould be something that she would be very interested in, although they\ndo have a time problem getting her scheduled, since she is only in the\nstate 1 week out of 6 these days.\n\nAll in all we felt like we did a pretty good job.\n\n\t\t\tJohn.\n",
  u'From: dbm0000@tm0006.lerc.nasa.gov (David B. Mckissock)\nSubject: Gibbons Outlines SSF Redesign Guidance\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \nNntp-Posting-Host: tm0006.lerc.nasa.gov\nOrganization: NASA Lewis Research Center / Cleveland, Ohio\nLines: 76\n\nNASA Headquarters distributed the following press\nrelease today (4/6). I\'ve typed it in verbatim, for you\nfolks to chew over. Many of the topics recently\ndiscussed on sci.space are covered in this.\n\nGibbons Outlines Space Station Redesign Guidance\n\nDr. John H. Gibbons, Director, Office of Science and\nTechnology Policy, outlined to the members-designate of\nthe Advisory Committee on the Redesign of the Space\nStation on April 3, three budget options as guidance to\nthe committee in their deliberations on the redesign of\nthe space station.\n\nA low option of $5 billion, a mid-range option of $7\nbillion and a high option of $9 billion will be\nconsidered by the committee. Each option would cover\nthe total expenditures for space station from fiscal\nyear 1994 through 1998 and would include funds for\ndevelopment, operations, utilization, Shuttle\nintegration, facilities, research operations support,\ntransition cost and also must include adequate program\nreserves to insure program implementation within the\navailable funds.\n\nOver the next 5 years, $4 billion is reserved within\nthe NASA budget for the President\'s new technology\ninvestment. As a result, station options above $7\nbillion must be accompanied by offsetting reductions in\nthe rest of the NASA budget.  For example, a space\nstation option of $9 billion would require $2 billion\nin offsets from the NASA budget over the next 5 years.\n\nGibbons presented the information at an organizational\nsession of the advisory committee. Generally, the\nmembers-designate focused upon administrative topics\nand used the session to get acquainted. They also\nreceived a legal and ethics briefing and an orientation\non the process the Station Redesign Team is following\nto develop options for the advisory committee to\nconsider.\n\nGibbons also announced that the United States and its\ninternational partners -- the Europeans, Japanese, and\nCanadians -- have decided, after consultation, to give\n"full consideration" to use of Russian assets in the\ncourse of the space station redesign process.\n\nTo that end, the Russians will be asked to participate\nin the redesign effort on an as-needed consulting\nbasis, so that the redesign team can make use of their\nexpertise in assessing the capabilities of MIR and the\npossible use of MIR and other Russian capabilities and\nsystems. The U.S. and international partners hope to\nbenefit from the expertise of the Russian participants\nin assessing Russian systems and technology. The\noverall goal of the redesign effort is to develop\noptions for reducing station costs while preserving key\nresearch and exploration capabilities. Careful\nintegration of Russian assets could be a key factor in\nachieving that goal.\n\nGibbons reiterated that, "President Clinton is\ncommitted to the redesigned space station and to making\nevery effort to preserve the science, the technology\nand the jobs that the space station program represents.\nHowever, he also is committed to a space station that\nis well managed and one that does not consume the\nnational resources which should be used to invest in\nthe future of this industry and this nation."\n\nNASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin said the Russian\nparticipation will be accomplished through the East-\nWest Space Science Center at the University of Maryland\nunder the leadership of Roald Sagdeev.\n\n',
  u'From: clavazzi@nyx.cs.du.edu (The_Doge)\nSubject: What we learned from the Waco wackos\nKeywords: prophet profit\nOrganization: Nyx, Public Access Unix @ U. of Denver Math/CS dept.\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 32\n\n\n\tThere are actually a few important things we can glean from this mess:\n1)\tWhen they start getting desperate for an answer to the question: "What\'s\nit all about. Mr. Natural?", pinkboys will buy darn near *anything*, which\nmeans:\n2)\tThere\'s still plenty of $$$$ to be made in the False Jesus business\nby enterprising SubGenii.  Just remember that:\n3)\tOnce you\'ve separated the pinks from their green, don\'t blow it all\non automatic weapons from Mexico.  Put it in a Swiss bank account.  Smile a\nlot.  Have your flunkies hand out flowers in airports.  The Con will just\nshrug you off as long as:\n4)\tYou never, never, NEVER start to believe your own bulldada!  If\n"David Koresh" hand\'t started swallowing his own "apocalypso now" crap, he\'d\nbe working crossword puzzles in the Bahamas today instead of contributing to\nthe mulch layer in Waco.  This is because:\n5)\tWhen you start shooting at cops, they\'re likely to shoot back.  And \nmost of \'em are better shots than you are.\n\n\tIn short:\n\t- P.T. Barnum was right \n\t\tand\n\t- Stupidity is self-correcting\nThus endeth the lesson.\n\n\t************************************************************\n\t*  \tThe_Doge of South St. Louis\t\t\t   *\n\t*\t\tDobbs-Approved Media Conspirator(tm)\t   *\n\t*\t"One Step Beyond"  -- Sundays, 3 to 5 pm\t   *\n\t*\t\t88.1 FM\t\tSt. Louis Community Radio  *\n\t*  "You\'ll pay to know what you *really* think!"           *\n\t*\t\t\t-- J.R. "Bob" Dobbs"\t\t   *\n\t************************************************************\n',
  u'From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Re: Jemison on Star Trek\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr20.142747.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 16\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nIn article <C5sB3p.IB9@fs7.ece.cmu.edu>, loss@fs7.ECE.CMU.EDU (Doug Loss) writes:\n>    I saw in the newspaper last night that Dr. Mae Jemison, the first\n> black woman in space (she\'s a physician and chemical engineer who flew\n> on Endeavour last year) will appear as a transporter operator on the\n> "Star Trek: The Next Generation" episode that airs the week of May 31.\n> It\'s hardly space science, I know, but it\'s interesting.\n> \n> Doug Loss\n\n\nInteresting is rigth.. I wonder if they will make a mention of her being an\nastronaut in the credits.. I think it might help people connect the future of\nspace with the present.. And give them an idea that we must go into space..\n\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I\'m not high, just jacked\n',
  u'From: wats@scicom.AlphaCDC.COM (Bruce Watson)\nSubject: Re: Boom!  Whoosh......\nOrganization: Alpha Science Computer Network, Denver, Co.\nLines: 14\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.024423.29182@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu+ wdwells@nyx.cs.du.edu (David "Fuzzy" Wells) writes:\n+\n+I love the idea of an inflatable 1-mile long sign.... It will be a\n+really neat thing to see it explode when a bolt  (or even better, a\n+Westford Needle!) comes crashing into it at 10 clicks a sec.  \n+\nPageos and two Echo balloons were inflated with a substance\nwhich expanded in vacuum. Once inflated the substance was no longer\nneeded since there is nothing to cause the balloon to collapse.\nThis inflatable structure could suffer multiple holes with no \ndisastrous deflation.\n\n-- \nBruce Watson (wats@scicom.alphaCDC.COM) Bulletin 629-49 Item 6700 Extract 75,131\n',
  u'From: Nanci Ann Miller <nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu>\nSubject: Re: Theists And Objectivity\nOrganization: Sponsored account, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA\nLines: 65\nNNTP-Posting-Host: po3.andrew.cmu.edu\nIn-Reply-To: <1993Apr25.185715.1326@news.unomaha.edu>\n\ntrajan@cwis.unomaha.edu (Stephen McIntyre) writes:\n> Can a theist be truly objective?  Can he be impartial\n>      when questioning the truth of his scriptures, or\n>      will he assume the superstition of his parents\n>      when questioning? \n\nI think that if a theist were truly objective and throws out the notion that\nGod definitely exists and starts from scratch to prove to themselves that\nthe scriptures are the whole truth then that person would no longer be a\ntheist. \n\n> It usually all has to do with how the child is\n>      brought up.  From the time he is born, the\n>      theist is brought up with the notion of the\n>      "truth" of some kind of scripture-- the Bible,\n>      the Torah, the Qur\'an, & etc.  He is told\n>      of this wondrous God who wrote (or inspired)\n>      the scripture, of the prophets talked about in\n>      the scripture, of the miracles performed, & etc.\n>      He is also told that to question this (as\n>      children are apt to do) is a sin, a crime\n>      against God, and to lose belief in the scrip-\n>      ture\'s truth is to damn one\'s soul to Hell.\n>      Thus, by the time he is able to read the\n>      scripture for himself, the belief in its "truth"\n>      is so ingrained in his mind it all seems a\n>      matter of course.\n\nYou\'re missing something here.  There are people who convert from\nnon-theism to theism after being brought up in a non-theist household.  (I\ndon\'t have any statistics as to how many though.  That would be an\ninteresting thing to know.)  I think that religion is a crutch.  People are\nnaturally afraid of the unknown and the unexplainable.  People don\'t want\nto believe that when they die, they are dead, finished.  That there is\nnothing else after that.  And so religion is kind of a nice fantasy.\nReligion also describes things we don\'t know about the universe (things\nscience has not yet described) and it also gives people a feeling of\nsecurity... that if they just do this one thing and everything will be ok.\nThat they are being watched over by a higher power and its minions.  This\nhas a very high psychological attraction for quite a few people and these\npeople are willing to put up with a few discrepancies and holes in their\nbelief system for what it gains them.  This is why I think it\'s kind of\nuseless to try too hard to convert theists to atheism.  They are happy with\ntheir fantasy and they feel that other people will be happy with it too\n(they can\'t accept the fact that there are people who would rather accept\nthe harsh reality that they are running from).\n\nAnyway, I\'m getting kind of carried away here.  But my point is that theism\ndoesn\'t have to be ingrained into a child\'s mindset for that person to grow\nup as a theist (although this happens far too often).  Theism is designed\nto have its own attractions.\n\n> \n>     _/_/_/_/  _/_/_/_/   _/       _/    * Atheist\n>    _/        _/    _/   _/ _/ _/ _/     * Libertarian\n>   _/_/_/_/  _/_/_/_/   _/   _/  _/      * Pro-individuality\n>        _/  _/     _/  _/       _/       * Pro-responsibility\n> _/_/_/_/  _/      _/ _/       _/ Jr.    * and all that jazz...\n\nNanci\n.........................................................................\nIf you know (and are SURE of) the author of this quote, please send me\nemail (nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu):\nIf you are one in a million, then there are 7 and a half of you in NYC.\n\n',
  u'From: ekr@squick.eitech.com (Eric Rescorla)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: EIT\nLines: 88\nNNTP-Posting-Host: squick.eitech.com\n\nIn article <1r3le9$mlj@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n>In article <1r22qp$4sk@squick.eitech.com> ekr@squick.eitech.com (Eric Rescorla) writes:\n>#In article <1r0m89$r0o@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n>#>In article <1qvu33$jk3@kyle.eitech.com> ekr@kyle.eitech.com (Eric Rescorla) writes:\n>#>#>If almost all people agree that the sun exists (in the usual, uncritical sense),\n>#>#>and almost all people agree that  a deal is bad,  it\'s a reasonable \n>#>#>conclusion that the sun really does exist, and that the deal really is bad.\n>#>#I disagree completely. Until rather recently, most people did not\n>#>#believe in evolution or the possibility of the atom bomb. Popular\n>#>#opinion is notoriously wrong about matters of fact.\n>#>True, but nevertheless the basis of all "matters of fact" is overwhelming\n>#>popular opinion, and some overwhelming popular opinion *is* fact ("the\n>#>sun shines").  If it were not so, physics would be a personal matter,\n>#>assumed to be different for each of us.  There would be YourGravity and\n>#>MyGravity and no theoretical framework to encompass them and predict\n>#>both.  \n>#This is simply complete nonsense. The basis for \'matters of fact\' is,\n>#if any class of opinion, the majority of INFORMED popular opinion\n>#for some value of informed. I would really hate to base my knowledge\n>#of, for instance, QM on what the overwhelming popular opinion is.\n>The *basis*, Eric, is people peering at the world and saying what\n>they see.  I\'m talking about uninterpreted facts - observations.  _People_\n>do those.  Agreement on some observations is a prerequisite for a theory\n>that is more than personal.\nYes, that\'s true, but you have to be clear exactly what is\nan uninterpreted observation. It\'s pretty low level stuff.\n\'The sun shines\' is already a LOT higher level than that. We\ncan agree that \'I perceive brightness\' perhaps.\n\n>#>Now I take an experience of good/evil to be every bit as raw a fact as an\n>#>experience of pain, or vision.\n>#That might seem like a good first pass guess, but it turns out to\n>#be a pretty cruddy way to look at things, because we all seem to\n>#have rather different opinions (experiences) about what is good\n>#and evil, while we seem to be able to agree on what the meter says.\n>You\'re not comparing apples with apples.  If we all look at the same meter,\n>we\'ll agree.  If we\'re all in the same situation, that\'s when we\'ll\n>agree on fundamental values, if at all.  People who say that nobody agrees on\n>values to the same extent that they agree on trivial observations seem\n>to be unaware of the extent of agreement on either.\nHuh? What do you mean \'all in the same situation?\' Let\'s take me\nand Dennis Kriz as examples. We\'re in pretty different situations,\nbut I think we can agree as to whether it\'s day or night. I don\'t\nthink we can agree as to whether or not abortion is morally\nacceptable. Yet we are certainly in the same difference of\nsituations with respect to each other. Looks like weasel-words\nto me, Frank. \n\n>#I don\'t see that it\'s any evidence at all.\n>#As I point out above, I\'m really not interested very much in\n>#what the popular opinion is. I\'m prepared to trust--to some extent--\n>#the popular opinion about direct matters of physical observation\n>#because by and large they accord with my own. However, if everyone\n>#else said the dial read 1.5 and it looked like a 3 to me, I would\n>#hope that I would believe myself. I.e. believing other people about\n>#these matters seems to have a reasonable probability of predicting\n>#what I would believe if I observed myself, but the possibility exists\n>#that it is not. Since I know from observation that others disagree\n>#with me about what is good, I believe I can discount popular opinion\n>#about \'good\' from the beginning as a predictor of my opinion.\n>#I would say that the fact that it seems almost impossible to get\n>#people to agree on what is good in a really large number of situations\n>#is probably the best evidence that objective morality is bogus, actually.\n>Firstly, if everyone else said the dial was 1.5 and I saw 3, I\'d check\n>my lens prescription.\nThat\'s up to you, I guess.\n\n>  Secondly, your observation that people\n>disagree shows nothing - people may be looking at different things,\n>by virtue of being in different situations.  If I look at an elephant, I\'ll \n>see an elephant.  That doesn\'t imply that you will see an elephant if you \n>look at an iguana.\nThis \'different situations\' stuff is pretty confusing, Frank. How\ndo we decide if we are in the same situation? You mind explaining?\n\n>    Thirdly, I question your assumption that when\n>people disagree about how to achieve fundamental or secondary goals, that \n>they therefore do not have the same fundamental goals (that seems to be the \n>disagreement you refer to).\nHuh? I don\'t think so. I think that people disagree about\nfundamental goals.\n\n-Ekr\n\n-- \nEric Rescorla                                     ekr@eitech.com\n             Would you buy used code from this man?\n        \n',
  u'From: Nanci Ann Miller <nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu>\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: Sponsored account, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA\nLines: 27\nNNTP-Posting-Host: andrew.cmu.edu\nIn-Reply-To: <1993Apr5.020504.19326@ultb.isc.rit.edu>\n\nsnm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu (S.N. Mozumder ) writes:\n> More horrible deaths resulted from atheism than anything else.\n\nThere are definitely quite a few horrible deaths as the result of both\natheists AND theists.  I\'m sure Bobby can list quite a few for the atheist\nside but fails to recognize that the theists are equally proficient at\ngenocide.  Perhaps, since I\'m a bit weak on history, somone here would like\nto give a list of wars caused/led by theists?  I can think of a few (Hitler\nclaimed to be a Christian for example) but a more complete list would\nprobably be more effective in showing Bobby just how absurd his statement\nis.\n\n> Peace,\n\nOn a side note, I notice you always sign your posts "Peace".  Perhaps you\nshould take your own advice and leave the atheists in peace with their\nbeliefs?\n\n> Bobby Mozumder\n\nNanci\n\n.........................................................................\nIf you know (and are SURE of) the author of this quote, please send me\nemail (nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu):\nLying to ourselves is more deeply ingrained than lying to others.\n\n',
  u'From: bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine)\nSubject: Re: <<Pompous ass\nOrganization: Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, Or.\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1ql6jiINN5df@gap.caltech.edu> keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n>\n>The "`little\' things" above were in reference to Germany, clearly.  People\n>said that there were similar things in Germany, but no one could name any.\n>They said that these were things that everyone should know, and that they\n>weren\'t going to waste their time repeating them.  Sounds to me like no one\n>knew, either.  I looked in some books, but to no avail.\n\n  If the Anne Frank exhibit makes it to your small little world,\n  take an afternoon to go see it.  \n\n\n/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\ \n\nBob Beauchaine bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM \n\nThey said that Queens could stay, they blew the Bronx away,\nand sank Manhattan out at sea.\n\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n',
  u'From: cs60805@basin04.cacs.usl.edu (Rao Koganti Srinivasa)\nSubject: POLYGON FILL routine needed ....\nOrganization: The Center for Advanced Computer Studies\nLines: 18\n\n\n\n    Hi ,\n\n\n\tI am looking for a polygon fill routine to fill \n\tsimple 4 sided polygons .\n\n\tCan some one who has this routine in C help me in \n\tsaving my "REINVENTING" time.\n\n\tThanx in advance .....\n\n\n\n\n\tRao.\n\n',
  u'From: psyrobtw@ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss)\nSubject: [lds] Rick\'s reply\nOrganization: University at Buffalo\nLines: 201\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41\nNntp-Posting-Host: ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu\n\nRick Anderson replied to my letter with...\n\nra> In article <C5ELp2.L0C@acsu.buffalo.edu>,\nra> psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss) says:\nra>\nra> >     Well, Jason, it\'s heretical in a few ways. The first point is that\nra> >     this equates Lucifer and Jesus as being the same type of being.\nra> >     However, Lucifer is a created being: "Thou [wast] perfect in thy\nra> >     ways from the day that thou wast created, till iniquity was found in\nra> >     thee." (Ezekiel 28:15). While Jesus is uncreated, and the Creator of\nra> >     all things: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with\nra> >     God, and the Word was God.  The same was in the beginning with God.\nra> >     All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made\nra> >     that was made." (John 1:1-3) "And he is before all things, and by\nra> >     him all things consist." (Colossians 1:17)\nra>\nra>    Your inference from the Ezekiel and John passages that Lucifer was\nra> "created" and that Jesus was not depends on a particular interpetation of\nra> the word "create" -- one with which many Christians may not agree.\nra> Granted the Mormon belief that all of God\'s children (including Christ\nra> and Lucifer) are eternally existent intelligences which were "organized"\nra> into spirit children by God, the term "creation" can apply equally well\nra> to both of those passages.\n\n     Just briefly, on something that you mentioned in passing. You refer to\n     differing interpretations of "create," and say that many Christians may\n     not agree. So what? That is really irrelevant. We do not base our faith\n     on how many people think one way or another, do we? The bottom line is\n     truth, regardless of popularity of opinions.\n\n     Also, I find it rather strange that in trying to persuade that created\n     and eternally existent are equivalent, you say "granted the Mormon\n     belief..." You can\'t grant your conclusion and then expect the point to\n     have been addressed. In order to reply to the issue, you have to address\n     and answer the point that was raised, and not just jump to the\n     conclusion that you grant.\n\n     The Bible states that Lucifer was created.  The Bible states that Jesus\n     is the creator of all. The contradiction that we have is that the LDS\n     belief is that Jesus and Lucifer were the same.\n\nra> >     Your point that we all are brothers of Jesus and Lucifer is also\nra> >     heretical, since we are not innately brothers and sisters of Christ.\nra> >     We are adopted, "For ye have not received the spirit of bondage\nra> >     again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby\nra> >     we cry, Abba, Father." (Romans 8:15); and not the natural children\nra> >     of God. It is only through faith that we even enter the family of\nra> >     God; "For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus."\nra> >     (Galatians 3:26). And it is only through the manifestation of this\nra> >     faith in receiving Jesus that we are become the sons of God.  "But\nra> >     as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of\nra> >     God, [even] to them that believe on his name: Which were born, not\nra> >     of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but\nra> >     of God." (John 1:12-13)\nra>\nra>    Has it occured to you, Robert, that being "born of" someone or being\nra> of that person (or Person)\'s "family" may be a symbolic term in the New\nra> Testament?  Mormons believe that we are "adopted" into the House of\nra> Israel through baptism and faith in Christ, although some have expressed\nra> belief that this does evince a physical change in our bodies.\n\n     The Mormon belief is that all are children of God. Literally. There is\n     nothing symbolic about it. This however, contradicts what the Bible\n     says. The Bible teaches that not everyone is a child of God:\n\n          The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the \n          kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked [one];\n          (Matthew 13:38)\n\n          I speak that which I have seen with my Father: and ye do that which \n          ye have seen with your father. (John 8:38)\n\n          Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not \n          born of fornication; we have one Father, [even] God.  Jesus said \n          unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I \n          proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he \n          sent me.  Why do ye not understand my speech? [even] because ye \n          cannot hear my word.  Ye are of [your] father the devil, and the \n          lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the \n          beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in \n          him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a \n          liar, and the father of it. (John 8:41-44)\n\n          And said, O full of all subtilty and all mischief, [thou] child of \n          the devil, [thou] enemy of all righteousness, wilt thou not cease \n          to pervert the right ways of the Lord? (Acts 13:10)\n\n          Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this \n          world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit \n          that now worketh in the children of disobedience: (Ephesians 2:2)\n\n          In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the \n          devil: whosoever doeth not righteousness is not of God, neither he \n          that loveth not his brother. (1 John 3:10)\n\n     One becomes a child of God...\n\n          But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the\n          sons of God, [even] to them that believe on his name: (John 1:12)\n\n          Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that\n          we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knoweth us\n          not, because it knew him not.  Beloved, now are we the sons of God,\n          and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when\n          he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he\n          is. (1 John 3:1-2)\n\n     ...when he is born again through faith in Jesus Christ:\n\n          Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of\n          the will of man, but of God. (John 1:13)\n\n          Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus\n          Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will,\n          (Ephesians 1:5)\n\n          Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth, that we should\n          be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures. (James 1:18)\n\n          For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of\n          God. For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear;\n          but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba,\n          Father. The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we\n          are the children of God: (Romans 8:14-16)\n\n          Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one\n          that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God. (1 John 4:7)\n\n          Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God: and\n          every one that loveth him that begat loveth him also that is\n          begotten of him. (1 John 5:1)\n\n          For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus.\n          (Galatians 3:26)\n\nra> >     We are told that, "And this is life eternal, that they might know\nra> >     thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent."\nra> >     (John 17:3). Life eternal is to know the only true God. Yet the\nra> >     doctrines of the LDS that I have mentioned portray a vastly\nra> >     different Jesus, a Jesus that cannot be reconciled with the Jesus of\nra> >     the Bible. They are so far removed from each other that to proclaim\nra> >     one as being true denies the other from being true. According to the\nra> >     Bible, eternal life is dependent on knowing the only true God, and\nra> >     not the construct of imagination.\nra>\nra>\nra>    Robert, with all due respect, who died and left you Chief Arbiter of\nra> Correct Biblical Interpretation?  I don\'t mean to be snotty about this,\nra> but the fact is that the Bible is so differently interpreted by different\nra> groups of Biblical scholars (what do you think of the Jehovah\'s\nra> Witnesses, for example?) that to make reference to the "Jesus of the\nra> Bible" is simply ridiculous.  Whose "Jesus of the Bible" do you mean?\n\n     This is really a red herring. It doesn\'t address any issue raised, but \n     rather, it seeks to obfuscate. The fact that some groups try to read \n     something into the Bible, doesn\'t change what the Bible teaches. For \n     example, the fact that the Jehovah\'s Witnesses deny the Deity of Christ \n     does not alter what the Bible teaches [ "Looking for that blessed hope,\n     and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus\n     Christ;" (Titus 2:13),"Simon Peter, a servant and an apostle of Jesus\n     Christ, to them that have obtained like precious faith with us through\n     the righteousness of God and our Saviour Jesus Christ:" (2 Peter 1:1)] \n     on the Deity of Christ.\n\n     We first look to the Bible to see what it teaches. To discount, or not \n     even address, what the Bible teaches because there are some groups that \n     have differing views is self-defeating. To see what the Bible teaches, \n     you have to look at the Bible.\n\nra> >     "Our Lord\'s mortality was essential to his own salvation" (_The\nra> >     Promised Messiah_, p. 456), "He had to work out his own salvation by\nra> >     doing the will of the Father in all things" (ibid., p.54), "he had\nra> >     to be baptized to gain admission to the celestial kingdom" (_Mormon\nra> >     Doctrine_, p.71).\nra>\nra>    Welcome to the wonderful world of Mormon paradoctrine, Robert.  The\nra> above books are by the late Bruce R. McConkie, a former general authority\nra> of the LDS Church.  Those books were not published by the Church, nor do\nra> they constitute "offical doctrine."  They consist of his opinions.  Now,\nra> does that mean that what he says is not true?  Not at all; I\'ll have to\nra> think about the idea of Christ\'s personal salvation before I come to any\nra> conclusions myself.  The conclusions I come to may seem "heretical" to\nra> you, but I\'m prepared to accept that.\n\n     I find this rather curious. When I mentioned that the Mormon belief is\n     that Jesus needed to be saved, I put forward some quotes from the late\n     apostle, Bruce McConkie. The curious part is that no one addressed the\n     issue of `Jesus needing to be saved.\' Rick comes the closest with his "I\n     have my own conclusions" to addressing the point.\n\n     Most of the other replies have instead hop-scotched to the issue of\n     Bruce McConkie and whether his views were \'official doctrine.\' I don\'t\n     think that it matters if McConkie\'s views were canon. That is not the\n     issue.  Were McConkie\'s writings indicative of Mormon belief on this\n     subject is the real issue. The indication from Rick is that they may \n     certainly be.\n\n\n=============================\nRobert Weiss\npsyrobtw@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu\n',
  u'From: aa429@freenet.carleton.ca (Terry Ford)\nSubject: A flawed propulsion system: Space Shuttle\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 13\n\n\n\nFor an essay, I am writing about the space shuttle and a need for a better\npropulsion system.  Through research, I have found that it is rather clumsy \n(i.e. all the checks/tests before launch), the safety hazards ("sitting\non a hydrogen bomb"), etc..  If you have any beefs about the current\nspace shuttle program Re: propulsion, please send me your ideas.\n\nThanks a lot.\n\n--\nTerry Ford [aa429@freenet.carleton.ca]\nNepean, Ontario, Canada.\n',
  u'From: tffreeba@indyvax.iupui.edu\nSubject: Death and Taxes (was Why not give $1 billion to...\nArticle-I.D.: indyvax.1993Apr22.162501.747\nLines: 10\n\nIn my first posting on this subject I threw out an idea of how to fund\nsuch a contest without delving to deep into the budget.  I mentioned\ngranting mineral rights to the winner (my actual wording was, "mining\nrights.)  Somebody pointed out, quite correctly, that such rights are\nnot anybody\'s to grant (although I imagine it would be a fait accompli\nsituation for the winner.)  So how about this?  Give the winning group\n(I can\'t see one company or corp doing it) a 10, 20, or 50 year\nmoratorium on taxes.\n\nTom Freebairn \n',
  u"From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Space Calendar - 04/27/93\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 152\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\n     The Space Calendar is updated monthly and the latest copy is available\nat ames.arc.nasa.gov in the /pub/SPACE/FAQ.  Please send any updates or\ncorrections to Ron Baalke (baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov).  Note that launch\ndates are subject to change.\n\n     The following person made contributions to this month's calendar:\n\n        o Dennis Newkirk - Soyuz TM-18 Launch Date (Dec 1993).\n\n\n                          =========================\n                               SPACE CALENDAR\n                               April 27, 1993\n                          =========================\n\n* indicates change from last month's calendar\n\nApril 1993\n* Apr 29 - Astra 1C Ariane Launch\n\nMay 1993\n  May ?? - Advanced Photovoltaic Electronics Experiment (APEX) Pegasus Launch\n  May ?? - Radcal Scout Launch\n  May ?? - GPS/PMQ Delta II Launch\n* May ?? - Commercial Experiment Transporter (COMET) Conestoga Launch\n* May 01 - Astronomy Day\n* May 01-2 - Iapetus/Saturn Eclipse\n  May 04 - Galileo Enters Asteroid Belt Again\n  May 04 - Eta Aquarid Meteor Shower (Maximum: 21:00 UT, Solar Lon: 44.5 deg)\n* May 13 - Air Force Titan 4 Launch\n* May 18 - STS-57, Endeavour, European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA-1R)\n* May 20 - 15th Anniversary, Pioneer Venus Orbiter Launch\n  May 21 - Partial Solar Eclipse, Visible from North America & Northern Europe\n  May 25 - Magellan, Aerobraking Begins\n\nJune 1993\n  Jun ?? - Temisat Meteor 2 Launch\n  Jun ?? - UHF-2 Atlas Launch\n  Jun ?? - NOAA-I Atlas Launch\n  Jun ?? - First Test Flight of the Delta Clipper (DC-X), Unmanned\n  Jun ?? - Hispasat 1B & Insat 2B Ariane Launch\n  Jun 04 - Lunar Eclipse, Visible from North America\n  Jun 14 - Sakigake, 2nd Earth Flyby (Japan)\n  Jun 22 - 15th Anniversary of Charon Discovery (Pluto's Moon) by Christy\n  Jun 30 - STS-51, Discovery, Advanced Communications Technology Satellite\n\nJuly 1993\n  Jul ?? - MSTI-II Scout Launch\n  Jul ?? - Galaxy 4 Ariane Launch\n  Jul 01 - Soyuz Launch (Soviet)\n  Jul 08 - Soyuz Launch (Soviet)\n  Jul 14 - Soyuz TM-16 Landing (Soviet)\n* Jul 20-21 - Iapetus/Saturn Eclipse\n  Jul 21 - Soyuz TM-17 Landing (Soviet)\n  Jul 28 - S. Delta Aquarid Meteor Shower (Maximum: 19:00 UT,\n           Solar Longitude 125.8 degrees)\n  Jul 29 - NASA's 35th Birthday\n\nAugust 1993\n  Aug ?? - ETS-VI (Engineering Test Satellite) H2 Launch (Japan)\n  Aug ?? - GEOS-J Launch\n  Aug ?? - Landsat 6 Launch\n  Aug ?? - ORBCOM FDM Pegasus Launch\n* Aug 08 - 15th Anniversary, Pioneer Venus 2 Launch (Atmospheric Probes)\n  Aug 09 - Mars Observer, 4th Trajectory Correction Maneuver (TCM-4)\n  Aug 12 - N. Delta Aquarids Meteor Shower (Maximum: 07:00 UT,\n           Solar Longitude 139.7 degrees)\n  Aug 12 - Perseid Meteor Shower (Maximum: 15:00 UT,\n           Solar Longitude 140.1 degrees)\n  Aug 24 - Mars Observer, Mars Orbit Insertion (MOI)\n  Aug 25 - STS-58, Columbia, Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-2)\n  Aug 28 - Galileo, Asteroid Ida Flyby\n\nSeptember 1993\n  Sep ?? - SPOT-3 Ariane Launch\n  Sep ?? - Tubsat Launch\n  Sep ?? - Seastar Pegasus Launch\n\nOctober 1993\n  Oct ?? - Intelsat 7 F1 Ariane Launch\n  Oct ?? - SLV-1 Pegasus Launch\n  Oct ?? - Telstar 4 Atlas Launch\n  Oct 01 - SeaWIFS Launch\n  Oct 22 - Orionid Meteor Shower (Maximum: 00:00 UT, Solar Longitude\n           208.7 degrees)\n\nNovember 1993\n  Nov ?? - Solidaridad/MOP-3 Ariane Launch\n  Nov 03 - 20th Anniversary, Mariner 10 Launch (Mercury & Venus Flyby Mission)\n  Nov 03 - S. Taurid Meteor Shower\n  Nov 04 - Galileo Exits Asteroid Belt\n  Nov 06 - Mercury Transits Across the Sun, Visible from Asia, Australia, and\n           the South Pacific\n* Nov 08 - Mars Observer, Mapping Orbit Established\n  Nov 10 - STS-60, Discovery, SPACEHAB-2\n  Nov 13 - Partial Solar Eclipse, Visible from Southern Hemisphere\n  Nov 15 - Wilhelm Herschel's 255th Birthday\n  Nov 17 - Leonids Meteor Shower (Maximum: 13:00 UT, Solar Longitude\n           235.3 degrees)\n* Nov 22 - Mars Observer, Mapping Begins\n  Nov 28-29 - Total Lunar Eclipse, Visible from North America & South America\n\nDecember 1993\n  Dec ?? - GOES-I Atlas Launch\n  Dec ?? - NATO 4B Delta Launch\n  Dec ?? - TOMS Pegasus Launch\n  Dec ?? - DirectTv 1 & Thiacom 1 Ariane Launch\n  Dec ?? - ISTP Wind Delta-2 Launch\n  Dec ?? - STEP-2 Pegasus Launch\n* Dec ?? - Soyuz TM-18 Launch (Soviet)\n  Dec 02 - STS-61, Endeavour, Hubble Space Telescope Repair\n  Dec 04 - SPEKTR-R Launch (Soviet)\n* Dec 05 - 20th Anniversary, Pioneer 10 Jupiter Flyby\n  Dec 08 - Mars Observer, Mars Equinox\n  Dec 14 - Geminids Meteor Shower (Maximum: 00:00 UT,\n           Solar Longitude 262.1 degrees)\n  Dec 20 - Mars Observer, Solar Conjunction Begins\n  Dec 23 - Ursids Meteor Shower (Maximum: 01:00 UT,\n           Solar Longitude 271.3 degrees)\n\nJanuary 1994\n  Jan 03 - Mars Observer, End of Solar Conjunction\n  Jan 24 - Clementine Titan IIG Launch (Lunar Orbiter, Asteroid Flyby Mission)\n\nFebruary 1994\n  Feb ?? - SFU Launch\n  Feb ?? - GMS-5 Launch\n  Feb 05 - 20th Anniversary, Mariner 10 Venus Flyby\n  Feb 08 - STS-62, Columbia, U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-2)\n  Feb 15 - Galileo's 430th Birthday\n  Feb 21 - Clementine, Lunar Orbit Insertion\n  Feb 25 - 25th Anniversary, Mariner 6 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)\n\nMarch 1994\n  Mar ?? - TC-2C Launch\n  Mar 05 - 15th Anniversary, Voyager 1 Jupiter flyby\n  Mar 14 - Albert Einstein's 115th Birthday\n  Mar 27 - 25th Anniversary, Mariner 7 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)\n  Mar 29 - 20th Anniversary, Mariner 10, 1st Mercury Flyby\n* Mar 31 - Galaxy 1R Delta 2 Launch\n\nApril 1994\n* Apr ?? - Equator S Scout Launch\n* Apr 04 - Mars Observer, Perihelion\n* Apr 14 - STS-59, Atlantis, SRL-1\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n\n",
  u'Nntp-Posting-Host: bones.et.byu.edu\nLines: 6\nSubject: PD 3D Viewer wanted\nSummary: 3D\nExpires: May 20, 1993\nOrganization: Brigham Young University, Provo UT USA\nFrom: qiaok@bones.et.byu.edu (Kun Qiao)\n\nI am looking for a public domain 3d viewer.  It does not have to be very\nfancy.  The features I want is simple wireframe display, flat shading, \nsimple transformation.  It would be nice to have hidden line.    \n\nAny information is appreciated.\n\n',
  u'From: king@ctron.com (John E. King)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is oxymoronic?\nOrganization: Cabletron Systems Inc.\nLines: 16\nNNTP-Posting-Host: saturn.ctron.com\nTo: "Andrew A. Houghton" <ah0i+@andrew.cmu.edu>\n\n\n\nAndrew A. Houghton"  writes:  \n\n>I\'m still waiting to hear a good response from a christian type..  how\n>is christ\'s word (as quoted by Paul) reconciled with current christian\n>beliefs?\n\nAlmost one third of the world\'s population claim to be Christian.  But\nany similarity between their beliefs and lifestyle to the first century\nmodel is purely coincidental.  At Luke 18:8 it states, "...nevertheless,\nwhen the son of man returns, will he really find the faith on the earth?"\n\n\nJack\n\n',
  u'From: ttknock@SantaFe.edu (Boss Hogg)\nSubject: POV animating\nOrganization: The Santa Fe Institute\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sanjuan.santafe.ede\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\n\n\n  In an attempt to do animation with POV I have created two little\nprograms. One is a C program that will perform a "morph" between\nany two points given the amount of frames for the morph. And then\nit will write the points, and the function (translate, rotate, etc.) out\nto a file. Then I have a Perl script that will read the list of functions\nand insert them into a .pov file at a given line. I had hoped this would\nlet me do simple animation. However, I have discovered that simply\nperforming incremental rotations on an object will not spin a stationary\nobject but will actually rotate the object about the axis. Now I know\nan easy way around this would be to first translate the object to the\norigin perform the rotation and then move it back but I know there \nmust be another way around this. I had thought perhaps it was because\nI had created objects at the origin and then translated them to a new\npoint and then done the rotation, which could cause this behavior. However\nthis occurs on objects that are not translated at all. Any help is \nappreciated.\n\nttknock@bbs.santafe.edu\n\n',
  u'From: "kwansik kim" <kkim@cs.indiana.edu>\nSubject: Triangulized Data Wanted : with texture to be mapped.\nOrganization: Indiana University Computer Science, Bloomington\nLines: 10\n\nI need triangulized data of some nice looking model with some\ntexture mapping. It would be better if the parametric values\nof each vertex( for the surface before triangulized ) are\navaliable along with the Euclidean points so that we\ncould use them for texture mapping.\n\nThanks, Kwansik\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: End of the Space Age?\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 30\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\n\nOddly, enough,  The smithsonian calls the lindbergh years\nthe golden age of flight.  I would call it the granite years,\nreflecting the primitive nature of it.  It was  romantic,\nswashbuckling daredevils,  "those daring young men in their flying\nmachines".  But in reality, it sucked.  Death was a highly likely\noccurence,  and  the environment blew.  Ever see the early navy\npressure suits,  they were modified  diving suits.  You were ready to\nstar in "plan 9 from outer space".   Radios  and Nav AIds were\na joke,  and engines ran on castor oil.  They  picked and called aviators\n"men with iron stomachs",  and it wasn\'t due to vertigo.\n\nOddly enough, now we are in the golden age of flight.  I can hop the\nshuttle to NY for $90 bucks,  now that\'s golden.\n\nMercury gemini, and apollo were romantic,  but let\'s be honest.\nPeeing in bags,  having plastic bags glued to your butt everytime\nyou needed a bowel movement.  Living for days inside a VW Bug.\nRomantic,  but not commercial.   The DC-X  points out a most likely\nnew golden age.  An age where  fat cigar smoking business men in\nloud polyester space suits will fill the skys with strip malls\nand used space ship lots.\n\nhhhmmmmm,  maybe i\'ll  retract that golden age bit.   Maybe it was\nbetter in the old days.  Of course, then we\'ll have  wally schirra\ntelling his great grand children, "In my day,  we walked on the moon.\nEvery day.  Miles.  no buses.  you kids got it soft".\n\npat\n',
  u"From: osprey@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu (Lucas Adamski)\nSubject: Fast polygon routine needed\nKeywords: polygon, needed\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\nLines: 6\n\nThis may be a fairly routine request on here, but I'm looking for a fast\npolygon routine to be used in a 3D game.  I have one that works right now, but\nits very slow.  Could anyone point me to one, pref in ASM that is fairly well\ndocumented and flexible?\n\tThanx,\n            //Lucas.\n",
  u'From: bsaffo01@cad.gmeds.com (Brian H. Safford)\nSubject: IGES Viewer for DOS/Windows\nOrganization: EDS/Cadillac\nLines: 10\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ccadmn1.cad.gmeds.com\n\nAnybody know of an IGES Viewer for DOS/Windows? I need to be able to display \nComputerVision IGES files on a PC running Windows 3.1. Thanks in advance.\n\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n| Brian H. Safford           EMAIL: bsaffo01@cad.gmeds.com  |\n| Electronic Data Systems    PHONE: (313) 696-6302          |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n| NOTE: The views and opinions expressed herein are mine,   |\n| and DO NOT reflect those of Electronic Data Systems Corp. |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n',
  u"From: csfed@uxa.ecn.bgu.edu (Frank Doss)\nSubject: Re: Science and theories\nOrganization: Educational Computing Network\nLines: 27\nNNTP-Posting-Host: uxa.ecn.bgu.edu\n\nIn article <C5u7Bq.J43@news.cso.uiuc.edu> cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb) writes:\n\n>The examples he gave were quarks and continental plates.  Are there \n\nSounds like more of the same.  Gods were used to describe almost\neverything in the past.  As we come to understand the underpinnings of\nmore and more, the less we credit to a god.  Now, the not-so-well\nunderstood elements (at least by the author) includes quarks and tectonic\ndrift.  I guess that's better than describing the perceived patterns of\nstars in the sky as heroes being immortalized by the gods.\n\nKinda sounds like old-earth creation--It seems that life did, indeed, evolve\nfrom a common ancestor.  What caused that initial common ancestor?\n\nAre we going to hear another debate on causeless events? ;-)\n\n>explanations of science or parts of theories that are not measurable in and of\n>themselves, or can everything be quantified, measured, tested, etc.?  \n>\n>MAC\n>                                                    Michael A. Cobb\n\n-- \nFrank Doss \nThe above stated words are my opinions and do not reflect the opinions,\nattitudes, or policies of my employer or any affilliated organizations.\n\n",
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <1qkq9t$66n@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n\n>I\'ll take a wild guess and say Freedom is objectively valuable.  I base\n>this on the assumption that if everyone in the world were deprived utterly\n>of their freedom (so that their every act was contrary to their volition),\n>almost all would want to complain.  Therefore I take it that to assert or\n>believe that "Freedom is not very valuable", when almost everyone can see\n>that it is, is every bit as absurd as to assert "it is not raining" on\n>a rainy day.  I take this to be a candidate for an objective value, and it\n>it is a necessary condition for objective morality that objective values\n>such as this exist.\n\n\tYou have only shown that a vast majority ( if not all ) would\nagree to this. However, there is nothing against a subjective majority.\n\n\tIn any event, I must challenge your assertion. I know many \nsocieties- heck, many US citizens- willing to trade freedom for "security".\n\n\n--- \n\n        " Whatever promises that have been made can than be broken. "\n\n        John Laws, a man without the honor to keep his given word.\n\n\n',
  u'From: jcopelan@nyx.cs.du.edu (The One and Only)\nSubject: Re: Amusing atheists and agnostics\nOrganization: Nyx, Public Access Unix at U. of Denver Math/CS dept.\nLines: 24\n\nIn article <1qsum1INNg5k@shelley.u.washington.edu> jimh@carson.u.washington.edu (James Hogan) writes:\n>\n>I think you\'ve missed the point.  Take "alt.atheism" for instance.\n>It\'s an exponent-based anagram.  When fully extended, it translates\n>to:\n>     Dig Tunnels Deep!\n>     Store Grain Everywhere!\n>     Prepare for the Coming Struggle!\n>\n>You\'ll no doubt recognize this as a quote from Chairman Mao.\n>\n>Thus, I think you\'ll have to admit that  atheists have a lot \n>more up their sleeve than you might have suspected. \n>\n>Agnostics will be sent to the gulag under the Mao-atheist new order.\n\nNow where did I put my little red book?  Or was that green?\n\nJim\n--\nIf God is dead and the actor plays his part                    | -- Sting,\nHis words of fear will find their way to a place in your heart | History\nWithout the voice of reason every faith is its own curse       | Will Teach Us\nWithout freedom from the past things can only get worse        | Nothing\n',
  u' howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!uunet!mcsun!Germany.EU.net!news.dfn.de!tubsibr!dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de!I3150101\nSubject: Re: Gospel Dating\nFrom: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 35\n\nIn article <66015@mimsy.umd.edu>\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate) writes:\n \n(Deletion)\n>I cannot see any evidence for the V. B. which the cynics in this group would\n>ever accept.  As for the second, it is the foundation of the religion.\n>Anyone who claims to have seen the risen Jesus (back in the 40 day period)\n>is a believer, and therefore is discounted by those in this group; since\n>these are all ancients anyway, one again to choose to dismiss the whole\n>thing.  The third is as much a metaphysical relationship as anything else--\n>even those who agree to it have argued at length over what it *means*, so\n>again I don\'t see how evidence is possible.\n>\n \nNo cookies, Charlie. The claims that Jesus have been seen are discredited\nas extraordinary claims that don\'t match their evidence. In this case, it\nis for one that the gospels cannot even agree if it was Jesus who has been\nseen. Further, there are zillions of other spook stories, and one would\nhardly consider others even in a religious context to be some evidence of\na resurrection.\n \nThere have been more elaborate arguments made, but it looks as if they have\nnot passed your post filtering.\n \n \n>I thus interpret the "extraordinary claims" claim as a statement that the\n>speaker will not accept *any* evidence on the matter.\n \nIt is no evidence in the strict meaning. If there was actual evidence it would\nprobably be part of it, but the says nothing about the claims.\n \n \nCharlie, I have seen Invisible Pink Unicorns!\nBy your standards we have evidence for IPUs now.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u'From: pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is oxymoronic\nKeywords: ... and blessed are aluminium siding salesman ...\nOrganization: The Duck Pond public unix: +1 408 249 9630, log in as \'guest\'.\n\t<1qkna8$k@fido.asd.sgi.com> \n\t<930416.140529.9M1.rusnews.w165w@mantis.co.uk>\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <930416.140529.9M1.rusnews.w165w@mantis.co.uk> \nmathew@mantis.co.uk (mathew) writes:\n>livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n>>Not, of course, The Greatest Salesman in the World. That was Jesus, wasn\'t it?\n>No, J.R. "Bob" Dobbs.\n\nDefinitely, J.R. "Bob" Dobbs, numero uno, top dog, not one can touch, not\none can knock Bob out of the box. Bob kills me mon! Everyday!\n\nBut close El Segundo (el subliminal) is the infamous Paul (birthname Saul) the\nEvangeline who became famous as a result of his numerous trampoline act \ntours of the eastern Mediterranean.\n\nJesus on the other hand was duped, a pawn of the Con, fell pray to the\nHolywood Paradox (ain\'t nothing but a sign in the hills!). Like many\nAfro-Asians, Jesus found the earth all too pink! And to think that after\nhis death, the Con changed him into a tall blond Holywood sun god! And I \ndo mean that in the kindest way possums! Now Jesus does gigs with Hendrix, \nJoplin, Morrison, Lennon, Marley, Tosh, etc. Mostly ska beat jah-know!\n',
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: <<Pompous ass\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 20\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1qlef4INN8dn@gap.caltech.edu>, keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n|> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> \n|> [...]\n|> >>The "`little\' things" above were in reference to Germany, clearly.  People\n|> >>said that there were similar things in Germany, but no one could name any.\n|> >That\'s not true.  I gave you two examples.  One was the rather\n|> >pevasive anti-semitism in German Christianity well before Hitler\n|> >arrived.  The other was the system of social ranks that were used\n|> >in Imperail Germany and Austria to distinguish Jews from the rest \n|> >of the population.\n|> \n|> These don\'t seem like "little things" to me.  At least, they are orders\n|> worse than the motto.  Do you think that the motto is a "little thing"\n|> that will lead to worse things?\n\nYou don\'t think these are little things because with twenty-twenty\nhindsight, you know what they led to.\n\njon.\n',
  u"From: mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee)\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\nOrganization: Royal Roads Military College, Victoria, B.C.\nLines: 39\n\n\nIn article <sandvik-190493200858@sandvik-kent.apple.com>, sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n|> In article <1993Apr19.165717.25790@ra.royalroads.ca>,\n|> mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee) wrote:\n|> > \n|> > It is true what you stated above:  Jesus' saving grace is available to\n|> > everyone, not just Jews.  In other words, everyone can have salvation but\n|> > not everyone will.  This option is now open to people other than just\n|> > Jews.  Of course, if the Jews don't accept the deity of Christ, I would\n|> > hardly expect them to accept anything that Christ said.  But I don't feel\n|> > any animosity towards them.  Even though they persecuted Jesus and his\n|> > disciples and eventually crucified Him, I bear them no ill will.  If anything,\n|> > I feel pity for them.  Jesus had to die to pay the price for our sins and\n|> > so the Jews were merely fulfilling prophesy.  Jesus knew He had to die even\n|> > before He began His ministry.  That demonstrates the great depth of His love\n|> > for us.\n|> \n|> Jesus certainly demonstrated the great depth of his love for the\n|> children who died today at the Davidian complex.\n|> \n|> Sorry, but the events today made me even more negative concering\n|> organized religion.\n|> \n\nI understand and sympathize with your pain.  What happened in Waco was a very\nsad tradgedy.  Don't take it out on us Christians though.  The Branch\nDavidians were not an organized religion.  They were a cult led by a ego-maniac\ncult leader.  The Christian faith stands only on the shoulders of one man,\nthe Lord of Lords and King of Kings, Jesus Christ.   BTW, David Koresh was NOT\nJesus Christ as he claimed.\n\nGod be with you,\n\nMalcolm Lee  :)\n\n|> Cheers,\n|> Kent\n|> ---\n|> sandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n",
  u'Subject: Re: Surviving Large Accelerations?\nFrom: lpham@eis.calstate.edu (Lan Pham)\nOrganization: Calif State Univ/Electronic Information Services\nLines: 25\n\nAmruth Laxman <al26+@andrew.cmu.edu> writes:\n> Hi,\n>     I was reading through "The Spaceflight Handbook" and somewhere in\n> there the author discusses solar sails and the forces acting on them\n> when and if they try to gain an initial acceleration by passing close to\n> the sun in a hyperbolic orbit. The magnitude of such accelerations he\n> estimated to be on the order of 700g. He also says that this is may not\n> be a big problem for manned craft because humans (and this was published\n> in 1986) have already withstood accelerations of 45g. All this is very\n> long-winded but here\'s my question finally - Are 45g accelerations in\n> fact humanly tolerable? - with the aid of any mechanical devices of\n> course. If these are possible, what is used to absorb the acceleration?\n> Can this be extended to larger accelerations?\n\nare you sure 45g is the right number? as far as i know, pilots are\nblackout in dives that exceed 8g - 9g. 45g seems to be out of human\ntolerance. would anybody clarify this please.\n\nlan\n\n\n> \n> Thanks is advance...\n> -Amruth Laxman\n> \n',
  u'From: pww@spacsun.rice.edu (Peter Walker)\nSubject: Re: Christian Morality is\nOrganization: I didn\'t do it, nobody saw me, you can\'t prove a thing.\nLines: 44\n\nIn article <4949@eastman.UUCP>, dps@nasa.kodak.com (Dan Schaertel,,,)\nwrote:\n> \n> In article 11853@vice.ICO.TEK.COM, bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n> |>\n> |>  Yet I am still not a believer.  Is god not concerned with my\n> |>  disposition?  Why is it beneath him to provide me with the\n> |>  evidence I would require to believe?  The evidence that my\n> |>  personality, given to me by this god, would find compelling?\n> \n> The fact is God could cause you to believe anything He wants you to. \n> But think about it for a minute.  Would you rather have someone love\n> you because you made them love you, or because they wanted to\n> love you.    \n\nI wouldn\'t punish him with eternal torture if he didn\'t love me. But then\nI;m a decent chap. It seems your god isn\'t.\n\n> The responsibility is on you to love God and take a step toward\n> Him.  He promises to be there for you, but you have to look for yourself.\n\nI\'ve looked, and he wasn\'t. Another promise broken.\n\n> Those who doubt this or dispute it have not givin it a sincere effort.\n\nLying bastard! How  do you know what effort I have and have not given? \n\n> Simple logic arguments are folly.  If you read the Bible you will see\n> that Jesus made fools of those who tried to trick him with "logic".\n> Our ability to reason is just a spec of creation.  Yet some think it is\n> the ultimate.  If you rely simply on your reason then you will never\n> know more than you do now.   To learn you must accept that which\n> you don\'t know.\n\nCan anyone eaplain what he\'s just said here?\n\nPeter\n\nDon\'t forget to sing:\n            They say there\'s a heaven for those who will wait\n                Some say it\'s better, but I say it ain\'t\n        I\'d rather laugh with the sinners than cry with the saints\n                     The sinners are much more fun\n                         Only the good die young!\n',
  u"From: perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry)\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nOrganization: Decision Support Inc.\nLines: 28\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bozo.dsinc.com\n\nIn article <1993Apr25.031703.5230@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au> darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:\n>The intent of my post (as I remember it) was to show that you cannot\n>argue against any religion (or ideology, for that matter) by the actions\n>of those who claim to be its followers.  You have to look at the\n>teachings of the religion (or the principles of the ideology) _itself_.\n>There is no getting around this.\n>\n>So to argue against Islam, you have to go to the Qur'an.  Bringing up\n>Khomeini (or anyone else) is relevant to discussing Khomeini, but not\n>_necessarily_ relevant to discussing Islam _as a religion_.\n\nSorry, Fred, but for the purposes under discussion here, I must\ndisagree.  Your point is true only in the sense that one cannot argue\nagainst communism by reference to the Chinese or Soviet empires, since\nthose did not represent *true* communism.  In judging the practical\nconsequences of Islam as a force to contend with in the world today,\nit is precisely the Khomeini's of the world, the Rushdie-fatwa\nsupporters, and perhaps more importantly, the reaction of the world\nMuslim community to those extremists, that we must look to.  Perhaps\nunfortunately from your perspective, most people are not concerned\nwith whether Islam is the right religion for them, or whether the\nQur'an could be used as a guidebook for a hypothetical utopia, but how\nIslam affects the world around them, or what their lives might be like\nif Islam gains in influence.  When I consider such possibilities, it\nis with not inconsiderable fear.\n-- \nJim Perry   perry@dsinc.com   Decision Support, Inc., Matthews NC\nThese are my opinions.  For a nominal fee, they can be yours.\n",
  u'From: wingo%cspara.decnet@Fedex.Msfc.Nasa.Gov\nSubject: Re: NASA "Wraps"\nOrganization: University of Houston\nLines: 86\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: judy.uh.edu\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nIn article <1993Apr10.145502.28866@iti.org>, aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer) writes...\n>In article <9APR199318394890@judy.uh.edu> wingo%cspara.decnet@Fedex.Msfc.Nasa.Gov writes:\n> \n>>>BTW, universities do the same thing. They however, have a wrap of\n>>>10% to 15% (again, this is over and above any overhead charge).\n> \n>>Wrong Allen. The max overhead charge is ALL of the charge. There is no\n>>seperately budgeted overhead in any shape size form or fashion. \n> \n>A professor at the University of Virginia told me their wrap was about\n>15%. The subcontracts I have let out and worked on for other universities\n>are about the same. My employer (a non-profit research institute) does\n>the same. This is generally reffered to as the fee.\n> \n\nI don\'t care who told you this it is not generally true. I see EVERY single\nline item on a contract and I have to sign it. There is no such thing as\nwrap at this university. I also asked around here. Ther is no wrap at \nMarquette, University of Wisconsin Madison, Utah State, Weber State or\nEmbry Riddle U. I am not saying that it doees not happen but in every instance\nthat I have been able to track down it does not. Also the president of our\nUniversity who was Provost at University of West Virgina said that it did\nnot happen there either and that this figure must be included in the overhead\nto be a legitimate charge.\n\n>>How do \n>>I know? I write proposals and have won contracts and I know to the dime\n>>what the charges are. At UAH for example the overhead is 36.6%.\n> \n>Sounds like they are adding it to their overhead rate. Go ask your\n>costing people how much fee they add to a project.\n>\n\nI did they never heard of it but suggest that, like our president did, that\nany percentage number like this is included in the overhead.\n\n>>If you have some numbers Allen then show them else quit barking. \n> \n>I did Dennis; read the article. To repeat: an internal estimate done by\n>the Reston costing department says Freedom can be built for about $1.8B\n>a year and operated for $1B per year *IF* all the money where spent on\n>Freedom. Since we spend about half a billion $$ more per year it looks\n>like roughly 25% of the money is wasted. Now if you think I\'m making\n>this up, you can confirm it in the anonymous editorial published a few\n>weeks ago in Space News.\n>\n\nNo Allen you did not. You merely repeated allegations made by an Employee\nof the Overhead capital of NASA. Nothing that Reston does could not be dont\nbetter or cheaper at the Other NASA centers  where the work is going on.\nKinda funny isn\'t it that someone who talks about a problem like this is\nat a place where everything is overhead.\n\n>This Dennis, is why NASA has so many problems: you can\'t accept that\n>anything is wrong unless you can blame it on Congress. Oh, sure, you\'ll\n>say NASA has problems but do you believe it? Remember the WP 02\n>overrun? You insisted it was all congresses fault when NASA management\n>knew about the overrun for almost a year yet refused to act. Do you\n>still blame Congress for the overrun?\n>\n\nWhy did the Space News artice point out that it was the congressionally\ndemanded change that caused the problems? Methinks that you are being \nselective with the facts again.\n\n>>By your own numbers Allen, at a cost of 500 million per flight the\n>>service cost of flying shuttle to SSF is 2 billion for four flights, so how\n>>did you get your one billion number?\n> \n>I have no idea what your trying to say here Dennis.\n> \n>  Allen\n>-- \n\nIf it takes four flights a year to resupply the station and you have a cost\nof 500 million a flight then you pay 2 billion a year. You stated that your\n"friend" at Reston said that with the current station they could resupply it\nfor a billion a year "if the wrap were gone". This merely points out a \nblatent contridiction in your numbers that understandably you fail to see.\n\nDennis, University of Alabama in Huntsville.\n\nSorry gang but I have a deadline for a satellite so someone else is going\nto have to do Allen\'s math for him for a while. I will have little chance to\ndo so.\n\n',
  u"From: ken@cs.UAlberta.CA (Huisman Kenneth M)\nSubject: images of earth\nNntp-Posting-Host: cab101.cs.ualberta.ca\nOrganization: University of Alberta\nLines: 14\n\nI am looking for some graphic images of earth shot from space. \n( Preferably 24-bit color, but 256 color .gif's will do ).\n\nAnyways, if anyone knows an FTP site where I can find these, I'd greatly\nappreciate it if you could pass the information on.  Thanks.\n\n\n( please send email ).\n\n\nKen Huisman\n\nken@cs.ualberta.ca\n\n",
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 25\n\nIn article <pww-210493010443@spac-at1-59.rice.edu>, pww@spacsun.rice.edu\n(Peter > > Simple logic arguments are folly.  If you read the Bible you\nwill see\n> > that Jesus made fools of those who tried to trick him with "logic".\n> > Our ability to reason is just a spec of creation.  Yet some think it is\n> > the ultimate.  If you rely simply on your reason then you will never\n> > know more than you do now.   To learn you must accept that which\n> > you don\'t know.\n> \n> Can anyone eaplain what he\'s just said here?\n\nI can\'t. It seems Jesus used logic to make people using logic\nlook like fools? No, that does not sound right, he maybe just\ntold they were fools, and that\'s it, and people believed that...\nHmm, does not sound reasonable either...\n\nI find it always very intriguing to see people stating that\ntranscendental values can\'t be explained, and then in the\nnext sentence they try to explain these unexplained values.\nHighly strange.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u"From: ab@nova.cc.purdue.edu (Allen B)\nSubject: Re: Fractals? What good are they ?\nOrganization: Purdue University\nLines: 16\n\nIn article <mdpyssc.2@fs1.mcc.ac.uk> mdpyssc@fs1.mcc.ac.uk (Sue Cunningham)  \nwrites:\n> We have been using Iterated Systems compression board to compress \n> pathology images and are getting ratios of 40:1 to 70:1 without too\n> much loss in quality. It is taking about 4 mins per image to compress,\n> on a 25Mhz 486 but decompression is almost real time on a 386 in software \n> alone.\n\nHow does that compare with JPEG on the same images and hardware as far\nas size, speed, and image quality are concerned?\n\nDespite my skeptical and sometimes nearly rabid postings\ncriticizing Barnsley and company, I am very interested in the\ntechnique.  If I weren't I probably wouldn't be so critical. :-)\n\nab\n",
  u"From: Nanci Ann Miller <nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu>\nSubject: Re: College atheists\nOrganization: Sponsored account, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA\nLines: 34\nNNTP-Posting-Host: po5.andrew.cmu.edu\nIn-Reply-To: <1993Apr20.191209.6142@cnsvax.uwec.edu>\n\nnyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu (David Nye) writes:\n> I read an article about a poll done of students at the Ivy League\n> schools in which it was reported that a third of the students\n> indentified themselves as atheists.  This is a lot higher than among the\n> general population.  I wonder what the reasons for this discrepancy are?\n> Is it because they are more intelligent?  Younger?  Is this the wave of\n> the future?\n\nI would guess that it probably has something to do with the ease of which\nideas and thoughts are communicated on a college campus.  In the real world\n(tm) it's easier for theists (well, people in general really) to lock\nthemselves into a little bubble where they only see and talk to those\npeople who are of the same opinion as they are.  In college you are\nconstantly surrounded by and have to interact with people who have\ndifferent ideas about life, the universe, and everything.  It is much much\nharder to build a bubble around yourself to keep everyone else's ideas from\nreaching you.\n\nSo, in a world where theists are forced to contend with and listen to\natheists and theists of other religions some are bound to have a change in\ntheir beliefs over four years.  There is nowhere to run.... :-)\n\n> David Nye (nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu).  Midelfort Clinic, Eau Claire WI\n> This is patently absurd; but whoever wishes to become a philosopher\n> must learn not to be frightened by absurdities. -- Bertrand Russell\n\nNanci\n.........................................................................\nIf you know (and are SURE of) the author of this quote, please send me\nemail (nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu):\nThe fate of the country does not depend on what kind of paper you drop into\nthe ballot box once a year, but on what kind of man you drop from your\nchamber into the street every morning.\n\n",
  u'From: raymaker@bcm.tmc.edu (Mark Raymaker)\nSubject: graphics driver standards\nOrganization: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tx\nLines: 21\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bcm.tmc.edu\nKeywords: graphics,standards\n\nI have a researcher who collecting electical impulses from\nthe human heart through a complex Analog to Digital system\nhe has designed and inputting this information into his EISA\nbus HP Vectra Computer running DOS and the Phar Lap DOS extender. \n\nHe want to purchase a very high-performance video card for\n3-D modeling. He is aware of a company called Matrox but\nhe is concerned about getting married to a company and their\nvideo routine library. He would hope some more flexibility:\nto choose between several card manufacturers with a standard\nvideo driver. He would like to write more generic code- \ncode that could be easily moved to other cards or computer operating\nsystems in the future. Is there any hope?\nAny information would be greatly appreciated-\nPlease, if possible, respond directly to internet mail \nto raymaker@bcm.tmc.edu\n\nThanks\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: kutluk@ccl.umist.ac.uk (Kutluk Ozguven)\nSubject: Re: Jewish Settlers Demolish a Mosque in Gaza\nOrganization: Manchester Computing Centre\nLines: 41\n\nIn <C5IwxM.G0z@news.chalmers.se> d9bertil@dtek.chalmers.se (Bertil Jonell) writes:\n\n>In article <kutluk.734797558@ccl.umist.ac.uk> kutluk@ccl.umist.ac.uk (Kutluk Ozguven) writes:\n>>Atheists are not\n>>mentioned in the Quran because from a Quranic point of view, and a\n>>minute\'s reasoning, one can see that there is no such thing.\n\n>  But there are people who say that they are Atheists. If they aren\'t Atheists,\n>what are they?\n\nWhen the Quran uses the word *din* it means way of individual thinking, behaving,\ncommunal order and protocols based on a set of beliefs. This is often\ninterpreted as the much weaker term religion. \n\nThe atheists are not mentioned in the Quran along with Jews,\nMushriqin, Christians, etc. because the  latter are all din. To have a\ndin you need a set of beliefs, assumptions, etc, to forma a social\ncode. For example the Marxist have those, such as History, Conflict,\netc. That they do not put idols (sometimes they did) to represent\nthose assuptions  does not mean they are any different from the other\nMushriq, or roughly polytheists. \n\nThere cannot be social Atheism, because when there is a community,\nthat community needs common ideas or standard beliefs to coordinate \nthe society. When they inscribe assumptions, say Nation, or "Progress is \nthe natural consequence of Human activity" or "parlamentarian\ndemocracy is doubtlessly the best way of government", however \nthey individually insist they do not have gods, from the Quranic point\nof view they do. Therefore by definition, atheism does not exist. \n"We are a atheist society" in fact means "we reject the din other than\nours". \n\nAtheism can only exist when people reject all the idols/gods/dogmas/\nsuppositions/.. of the society that they part, and in that case that\nis a personal deviation of belief, and Quran tells about such\ndeviations and disbelief. But as I mentioned, from a Quranic point of\nlooking at things, there is no Atheism in the macro level. \n\nI think it took more than one minute.\n\nKutluk\n',
  u'From: jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins)\nSubject: Re: Lindbergh and the moon (was:Why not give $1G)\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 42\n\nmancus@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov (Keith Mancus) writes:\n\n>cook@varmit.mdc.com (Layne Cook) writes:\n>> All of this talk about a COMMERCIAL space race (i.e. $1G to the first 1-year \n>> moon base) is intriguing. Similar prizes have influenced aerospace \n>>development before. The $25k Orteig prize helped Lindbergh sell his Spirit of \n>> Saint Louis venture to his financial backers.\n>> But I strongly suspect that his Saint Louis backers had the foresight to \n>> realize that much more was at stake than $25,000.\n>> Could it work with the moon? Who are the far-sighted financial backers of \n>> today?\n\n>  The commercial uses of a transportation system between already-settled-\n>and-civilized areas are obvious.  Spaceflight is NOT in this position.\n>The correct analogy is not with aviation of the \'30\'s, but the long\n>transocean voyages of the Age of Discovery.\n\nLindbergh\'s flight took place in \'27, not the thirties.\n\n>It didn\'t require gov\'t to\n>fund these as long as something was known about the potential for profit\n>at the destination.  In practice, some were gov\'t funded, some were private.\n\nCould you give examples of privately funded ones?\n\n>But there was no way that any wise investor would spend a large amount\n>of money on a very risky investment with no idea of the possible payoff.\n\nYour logic certainly applies to standard investment strategies.  However, the\nconcept of a prize for a difficult goal is done for different reasons, I \nsuspect.  I\'m not aware that Mr Orteig received any significant economic \nbenefit from Lindbergh\'s flight.  Modern analogies, such as the prize for a\nhuman powered helicopter face similar arguments.  There is little economic\nbenefit in such a thing.  The advantage comes in the new approaches developed\nand the fact that a prize will frequently generate far more work than the \nequivalent amount of direct investment would.  A person who puts up $ X billion\nfor a moon base is much more likely to do it because they want to see it done\nthan because they expect to make money off the deal.\n-- \nJosh Hopkins                                          jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu\n\t\t    "Find a way or make one."\n\t             -attributed to Hannibal\n',
  u'From: perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry)\nSubject: Re: The Inimitable Rushdie\nOrganization: Decision Support Inc.\nLines: 72\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bozo.dsinc.com\n\nI apologize for the long delay in getting a response to this posted.\nI\'ve been working reduced hours the past couple of weeks because I had\na son born (the day after Umar\'s article was posted, btw).  I did\nrespond within a couple of days, but it turns out that a a\ncoincidental news software rearrangement caused postings from this\nsite to silently disappear rather than going out into the world.  This\nis a revision of that original response.\n\nIn article <C52q47.7Ct@ra.nrl.navy.mil> khan@itd.itd.nrl.navy.mil (Umar Khan) writes:\n>In article <1ps98fINNm2u@dsi.dsinc.com> perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry) writes:\n>>Only a functional illiterate with absolutely no conception of the\n>>nature of the novel could think such a thing.\n\n[this was in response to the claim that "Rushdie made false statements\nabout the life of Mohammed", with the disclaimer "(fiction, I know,\nbut where is the line between fact and fiction?) - I stand by this\ndistinction between fiction and "false statements"]\n\n>>However, it\'s not for his writing in _The Satanic Verses_, but for\n>>what people have accepted as a propagandistic version of what is\n>>contained in that book.  I have yet to find *one single muslim* who\n>>has convinced me that they have read the book.  Some have initially\n>>claimed to have done so, but none has shown more knowledge of the book\n>>than a superficial Newsweek story might impart, and all have made\n>>factual misstatements about events in the book.\n>\n>You keep saying things like this.  Then, you accuse people like me of\n>making ad hominem arguments.  I repeat, as I have said in previous\n>postings on AA: I *have* read TSV from cover to cover\n\nI had not seen that claim, or I might have been less sweeping.  You\nhave made what I consider factual misstatements about events in the\nbook, which I have raised in the past, in the "ISLAM: a clearer view"\nthread as well as the root of the "Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]"\nthread.  My statement was not that you had not read the book, but that\nyou had not convinced me that you [inter alia] had.  As I said before,\nif you want to defend your position, then produce evidence, and\nrespond to the evidence I have posted; so far you have not.  Of\ncourse, my statement was not directly aimed at you, but broadly at a\nnumber of Muslim posters who have repeated propaganda about the book,\nindicating that they haven\'t read it, and narrowly at Gregg Jaeger,\nwho subsequently admitted that he hadn\'t in fact read the book,\nvindicating my skepticism in at least that one case.\n\nSo far, the only things I have to go on regarding your own case are a)\nthe statements you made concerning the book in the "a clearer view"\nposting, which I have challenged (not interpretation, but statements\nof fact, for instance "Rushdie depicts the women of the most\nrespected family in all of Islam as whores"), and b) your claim (which\nI had not seen before this) that you have indeed read it cover to\ncover.  I am willing to try to resolve this down to a disagreement on\ncritical interpretation, but you\'ll have to support your end, by\nresponding to my criticism.  I have no doubt as to the ability of a\nparticular Muslim to go through this book with a highlighter finding\npassages to take personal offense at, but you have upheld the view\nthat "TSV *is* intended as an attack on Islam and upon Muslims".  This\nview must be defended by more than mere assertion, if you want anyone\nto take it seriously.\n\n>I am trying very hard to be amicable and rational.  \n\nAnd I appreciate it, but welcome to the club.  I am defending my\nhonest opinion that this book should not be construed as a calculated\n(or otherwise) insulting attack on Islam, and the parallel opinion\nthat most of the criticism of the book I have seen is baseless\npropaganda.  I have supported my statements and critical\ninterpretationa with in-context quotes from the book and Rushdie\'s\nessays, which is more than my correspondents have done.  Of course,\nyou are more than welcome to do so.\n-- \nJim Perry   perry@dsinc.com   Decision Support, Inc., Matthews NC\nThese are my opinions.  For a nominal fee, they can be yours.\n',
  u'From: jcopelan@nyx.cs.du.edu (The One and Only)\nSubject: Nicknames\nSummary: was Re: New Member\nOrganization: Salvation Army Draft Board\nLines: 36\n\nIn article <UfnYJ2a00VoqIT9VpA@andrew.cmu.edu> nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu (Nanci Ann Miller) writes:\n>jcopelan@nyx.cs.du.edu (The One and Only) writes:\n>> Welcome.  I am the official keeper of the list of nicknames that people\n>> are known by on alt.atheism (didn\'t know we had such a list, did you).\n>> Your have been awarded the nickname of "Buckminster."  So the next time\n>> you post an article, sign with your nickname like so:\n>> Dave "Buckminster" Fuller.  Thanks again.\n>> \n>> Jim "Humor means never having to say you\'re sorry" Copeland\n>\n>Of course, the list has to agree with the nickname laws laid down by the\n>GIPU almost 2000 years ago (you know... the 9 of them that were written on\n>the iron tablets that melted once and had to be reinscribed?).  Since I am\n>a prophet of the GIPU I decree that you should post the whole list of\n>nicknames for the frequent posters here!\n\nIf the first rule of humor is never having to say you\'re sorry then the \nsecond rule must be never having to explain yourself.  Few things are \nworse that a joke explained.  In spite of this, and because of requests\nfor me to post my list o\' nicknames, I must admit that no such list\nexists.  It was simply a plot device, along with me being the keeper\no\' the list, to make the obvious play on the last name of Fuller and to\nadvance the idea that such a list should be made.\n\nI assumed that the ol\' timers would recognize it for what it is.  \nNevertheless, how about a list o\' nicknames for alt.atheism posters?\nIf you think of a good one, just post it and see if others like it.\nWe could start with those posters who annoy us the most, like Bobby or\nBill.\n\nJim "D\'oh! I broke the second rule of humor" Copeland\n--\nIf God is dead and the actor plays his part                    | -- Sting,\nHis words of fear will find their way to a place in your heart | History\nWithout the voice of reason every faith is its own curse       | Will Teach Us\nWithout freedom from the past things can only get worse        | Nothing\n',
  u'From: drchambe@tekig5.pen.tek.com (Dennis Chamberlin)\nSubject: Re: PLANETS STILL: IMAGES ORBIT BY ETHER TWIST\nReply-To: drchambe@tekig5.pen.tek.com\nOrganization: Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton,  OR.\nLines: 31\n\n\n----- News saved at 23 Apr 93 22:22:40 GMT\nIn article <1993Apr22.130923.115397@zeus.calpoly.edu> dmcaloon@tuba.calpoly.edu (David McAloon) writes:\n>\n> ETHER IMPLODES 2 EARTH CORE, IS GRAVITY!!!\n>\n>  This paper BOTH describes how heavenly bodys can be stationary, \n>ether sucking structures, AND why we observe "orbital" motion!!\n  \n\n>  "Light-Years" between galaxies is a misnomer. The distance is \n>closer to zero, as time and matter are characteristics of this phase \n>of reality, which dissipates outward with each layer of the onion. \n>(defining edge = 0 ether spin)  \n\n>  To find out about all of this, I recommend studying history.  \n\nWell, I\'m working on it, but getting a little impatient. So far, \nI\'ve made it through Egyptian, Chinese, and Greek cultures, and\nup through the Rennaisance. But so far, these insights just don\'t \nseem to be gelling. Perhaps it\'s in an appendix somewhere.\n\nIn its own right, though, the history is kind of fun. Lots of \ngood yarns in there, with varied and interesting characters. And,\nmore to come.\n\n\n\n\n\n \n',
  u'From: kjenks@jsc.nasa.gov (Ken Jenks [NASA])\nSubject: Re: Space Station Redesign, JSC Alternative #4\nOrganization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nLines: 40\n\nkjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov (Hey, that\'s me!) wrote:\n: I have 19 (2 MB worth!) uuencode\'d GIF images contain charts outlining\n: one of the many alternative Space Station designs being considered in\n: Crystal City.  [...]\n\nI just posted the GIF files out for anonymous FTP on server ics.uci.edu.\nYou can retrieve them from:\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode01.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode02.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode03.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode04.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode05.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode06.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode07.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode08.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode09.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode10.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode11.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode12.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode13.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode14.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode15.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode16.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geode17.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geodeA.gif\n  ics.uci.edu:incoming/geodeB.gif\n\nThe last two are scanned color photos; the others are scanned briefing\ncharts.\n\nThese will be deleted by the ics.uci.edu system manager in a few days,\nso now\'s the time to grab them if you\'re interested.  Sorry it took\nme so long to get these out, but I was trying for the Ames server,\nbut it\'s out of space.\n\n-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office\n      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368\n\n     "The earth is the cradle of humanity, but mankind will not stay in\n     the cradle forever." -- Konstantin Tsiolkvosky\n',
  u"From: ethanb@ptolemy.astro.washington.edu (Ethan Bradford)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters.  WHere  are they.\nArticle-I.D.: ptolemy.ETHANB.93Apr27222548\n\t<1rgvjsINNbhq@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU>\n\t<1993Apr26.155915.8998@desire.wright.edu>\nOrganization: U. of Washington\nLines: 13\nNNTP-Posting-Host: ptolemy.astro.washington.edu\nTo: jbatka@desire.wright.edu\nIn-reply-to: jbatka@desire.wright.edu's message of 26 Apr 93 15:59:15 EST\n\nIn article <1993Apr26.155915.8998@desire.wright.edu> jbatka@desire.wright.edu writes:\n\n   I assume that can only be guessed at by the assumed energy of the\n   event and the 1/r^2 law.  So, if the 1/r^2 law is incorrect (assume\n   some unknown material [dark matter??] inhibits Gamma Ray propagation),\n   could it be possible that we are actually seeing much less energetic\n   events happening much closer to us?  The even distribution could\n   be caused by the characteristic propagation distance of gamma rays \n   being shorter then 1/2 the thickness of the disk of the galaxy.\n\nI believe the problem with this theory is that we see gamma-ray\nsources at that energy range and their energy doesn't seem to be\nsignificantly absorbed.\n",
  u"Subject: Re: Trying to view POV files.....\nFrom: dane@nermal.santarosa.edu (Dane Jasper)\nOrganization: Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, CA\nNntp-Posting-Host: nermal.santarosa.edu\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nLines: 15\n\nEdward d Nobles (ednobles@sacam.OREN.ORTN.EDU) wrote:\n\n: I've been trying to view .tga files created in POVRAY.  I have the Diamond\n: SpeedStar 24 Video board (not the _24X_).  So far I can convert them to\n: jpeg using cjpeg and view them with CVIEW but that only displays 8 bit color.\n..\n: Just want to see the darn things in real color...\n\nI have an ATI ultra pro card, and have found that the easiest way to view\ntrue color images is using their windows drivers and something like winjpeg\nor photofinish.  \n\nIf anyone has a non-windows solution, I'd love to hear it!\n\nDane\n",
  u'From: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\nSubject: Alt.Atheism FAQ: Introduction to Atheism\nSummary: Please read this file before posting to alt.atheism\nKeywords: FAQ, atheism\nExpires: Thu, 6 May 1993 12:22:45 GMT\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nSupersedes: <19930308134439@mantis.co.uk>\nLines: 646\n\nArchive-name: atheism/introduction\nAlt-atheism-archive-name: introduction\nLast-modified: 5 April 1993\nVersion: 1.2\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\n                          An Introduction to Atheism\n                       by mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\n\nThis article attempts to provide a general introduction to atheism.  Whilst I\nhave tried to be as neutral as possible regarding contentious issues, you\nshould always remember that this document represents only one viewpoint.  I\nwould encourage you to read widely and draw your own conclusions; some\nrelevant books are listed in a companion article.\n\nTo provide a sense of cohesion and progression, I have presented this article\nas an imaginary conversation between an atheist and a theist.  All the\nquestions asked by the imaginary theist are questions which have been cropped\nup repeatedly on alt.atheism since the newsgroup was created.  Some other\nfrequently asked questions are answered in a companion article.\n\nPlease note that this article is arguably slanted towards answering questions\nposed from a Christian viewpoint.  This is because the FAQ files reflect\nquestions which have actually been asked, and it is predominantly Christians\nwho proselytize on alt.atheism.\n\nSo when I talk of religion, I am talking primarily about religions such as\nChristianity, Judaism and Islam, which involve some sort of superhuman divine\nbeing.  Much of the discussion will apply to other religions, but some of it\nmay not.\n\n"What is atheism?"\n\nAtheism is characterized by an absence of belief in the existence of God.\nSome atheists go further, and believe that God does not exist.  The former is\noften referred to as the "weak atheist" position, and the latter as "strong\natheism".\n\nIt is important to note the difference between these two positions.  "Weak\natheism" is simple scepticism; disbelief in the existence of God.  "Strong\natheism" is a positive belief that God does not exist.  Please do not\nfall into the trap of assuming that all atheists are "strong atheists".\n\nSome atheists believe in the non-existence of all Gods; others limit their\natheism to specific Gods, such as the Christian God, rather than making\nflat-out denials.\n\n"But isn\'t disbelieving in God the same thing as believing he doesn\'t exist?"\n\nDefinitely not.  Disbelief in a proposition means that one does not believe\nit to be true.  Not believing that something is true is not equivalent to\nbelieving that it is false; one may simply have no idea whether it is true or\nnot.  Which brings us to agnosticism.\n\n"What is agnosticism then?"\n\nThe term \'agnosticism\' was coined by Professor Huxley at a meeting of the\nMetaphysical Society in 1876.  He defined an agnostic as someone who\ndisclaimed ("strong") atheism and believed that the ultimate origin of things\nmust be some cause unknown and unknowable.\n\nThus an agnostic is someone who believes that we do not and cannot know for\nsure whether God exists.\n\nWords are slippery things, and language is inexact.  Beware of assuming that\nyou can work out someone\'s philosophical point of view simply from the fact\nthat she calls herself an atheist or an agnostic.  For example, many people\nuse agnosticism to mean "weak atheism", and use the word "atheism" only when\nreferring to "strong atheism".\n\nBeware also that because the word "atheist" has so many shades of meaning, it\nis very difficult to generalize about atheists.  About all you can say for\nsure is that atheists don\'t believe in God.  For example, it certainly isn\'t\nthe case that all atheists believe that science is the best way to find out\nabout the universe.\n\n"So what is the philosophical justification or basis for atheism?"\n\nThere are many philosophical justifications for atheism.  To find out why a\nparticular person chooses to be an atheist, it\'s best to ask her.\n\nMany atheists feel that the idea of God as presented by the major religions\nis essentially self-contradictory, and that it is logically impossible that\nsuch a God could exist.  Others are atheists through scepticism, because they\nsee no evidence that God exists.\n\n"But isn\'t it impossible to prove the non-existence of something?"\n\nThere are many counter-examples to such a statement.  For example, it is\nquite simple to prove that there does not exist a prime number larger than\nall other prime numbers.  Of course, this deals with well-defined objects\nobeying well-defined rules.  Whether Gods or universes are similarly\nwell-defined is a matter for debate.\n\nHowever, assuming for the moment that the existence of a God is not provably\nimpossible, there are still subtle reasons for assuming the non-existence of\nGod.  If we assume that something does not exist, it is always possible to\nshow that this assumption is invalid by finding a single counter-example.\n\nIf on the other hand we assume that something does exist, and if the thing in\nquestion is not provably impossible, showing that the assumption is invalid\nmay require an exhaustive search of all possible places where such a thing\nmight be found, to show that it isn\'t there.  Such an exhaustive search is\noften impractical or impossible.  There is no such problem with largest\nprimes, because we can prove that they don\'t exist.\n\nTherefore it is generally accepted that we must assume things do not exist\nunless we have evidence that they do.  Even theists follow this rule most of\nthe time; they don\'t believe in unicorns, even though they can\'t conclusively\nprove that no unicorns exist anywhere.\n\nTo assume that God exists is to make an assumption which probably cannot be\ntested.  We cannot make an exhaustive search of everywhere God might be to\nprove that he doesn\'t exist anywhere.  So the sceptical atheist assumes by\ndefault that God does not exist, since that is an assumption we can test.\n\nThose who profess strong atheism usually do not claim that no sort of God\nexists; instead, they generally restrict their claims so as to cover\nvarieties of God described by followers of various religions.  So whilst it\nmay be impossible to prove conclusively that no God exists, it may be\npossible to prove that (say) a God as described by a particular religious\nbook does not exist.  It may even be possible to prove that no God described\nby any present-day religion exists.\n\nIn practice, believing that no God described by any religion exists is very\nclose to believing that no God exists.  However, it is sufficiently different\nthat counter-arguments based on the impossibility of disproving every kind of\nGod are not really applicable.\n\n"But what if God is essentially non-detectable?"\n\nIf God interacts with our universe in any way, the effects of his interaction\nmust be measurable.  Hence his interaction with our universe must be\ndetectable.\n\nIf God is essentially non-detectable, it must therefore be the case that he\ndoes not interact with our universe in any way.  Many atheists would argue\nthat if God does not interact with our universe at all, it is of no\nimportance whether he exists or not.\n\nIf the Bible is to be believed, God was easily detectable by the Israelites.\nSurely he should still be detectable today?\n\nNote that I am not demanding that God interact in a scientifically\nverifiable, physical way.  It must surely be possible to perceive some\neffect caused by his presence, though; otherwise, how can I distinguish him\nfrom all the other things that don\'t exist?\n\n"OK, you may think there\'s a philosophical justification for atheism, but\n isn\'t it still a religious belief?"\n\nOne of the most common pastimes in philosophical discussion is "the\nredefinition game".  The cynical view of this game is as follows:\n\nPerson A begins by making a contentious statement.  When person B points out\nthat it can\'t be true, person A gradually re-defines the words he used in the\nstatement until he arrives at something person B is prepared to accept.  He\nthen records the statement, along with the fact that person B has agreed to\nit, and continues.  Eventually A uses the statement as an "agreed fact", but\nuses his original definitions of all the words in it rather than the obscure\nredefinitions originally needed to get B to agree to it.  Rather than be seen\nto be apparently inconsistent, B will tend to play along.\n\nThe point of this digression is that the answer to the question "Isn\'t\natheism a religious belief?" depends crucially upon what is meant by\n"religious".  "Religion" is generally characterized by belief in a superhuman\ncontrolling power -- especially in some sort of God -- and by faith and\nworship.\n\n[ It\'s worth pointing out in passing that some varieties of Buddhism are not\n  "religion" according to such a definition. ]\n\nAtheism is certainly not a belief in any sort of superhuman power, nor is it\ncategorized by worship in any meaningful sense.  Widening the definition of\n"religious" to encompass atheism tends to result in many other aspects of\nhuman behaviour suddenly becoming classed as "religious" as well -- such as\nscience, politics, and watching TV.\n\n"OK, so it\'s not a religion.  But surely belief in atheism (or science) is\n still just an act of faith, like religion is?"\n\nFirstly, it\'s not entirely clear that sceptical atheism is something one\nactually believes in.\n\nSecondly, it is necessary to adopt a number of core beliefs or assumptions to\nmake some sort of sense out of the sensory data we experience.  Most atheists\ntry to adopt as few core beliefs as possible; and even those are subject to\nquestioning if experience throws them into doubt.\n\nScience has a number of core assumptions.  For example, it is generally\nassumed that the laws of physics are the same for all observers.  These are\nthe sort of core assumptions atheists make.  If such basic ideas are called\n"acts of faith", then almost everything we know must be said to be based on\nacts of faith, and the term loses its meaning.\n\nFaith is more often used to refer to complete, certain belief in something.\nAccording to such a definition, atheism and science are certainly not acts of\nfaith.  Of course, individual atheists or scientists can be as dogmatic as\nreligious followers when claiming that something is "certain".  This is not a\ngeneral tendency, however; there are many atheists who would be reluctant to\nstate with certainty that the universe exists.\n\nFaith is also used to refer to belief without supporting evidence or proof.\nSceptical atheism certainly doesn\'t fit that definition, as sceptical atheism\nhas no beliefs.  Strong atheism is closer, but still doesn\'t really match, as\neven the most dogmatic atheist will tend to refer to experimental data (or\nthe lack of it) when asserting that God does not exist.\n\n"If atheism is not religious, surely it\'s anti-religious?"\n\nIt is an unfortunate human tendency to label everyone as either "for" or\n"against", "friend" or "enemy".  The truth is not so clear-cut.\n\nAtheism is the position that runs logically counter to theism; in that sense,\nit can be said to be "anti-religion".  However, when religious believers\nspeak of atheists being "anti-religious" they usually mean that the atheists\nhave some sort of antipathy or hatred towards theists.\n\nThis categorization of atheists as hostile towards religion is quite unfair.\nAtheist attitudes towards theists in fact cover a broad spectrum.\n\nMost atheists take a "live and let live" attitude.  Unless questioned, they\nwill not usually mention their atheism, except perhaps to close friends.  Of\ncourse, this may be in part because atheism is not "socially acceptable" in\nmany countries.\n\nA few atheists are quite anti-religious, and may even try to "convert" others\nwhen possible.  Historically, such anti-religious atheists have made little\nimpact on society outside the Eastern Bloc countries.\n\n(To digress slightly: the Soviet Union was originally dedicated to separation\nof church and state, just like the USA.  Soviet citizens were legally free to\nworship as they wished.  The institution of "state atheism" came about when\nStalin took control of the Soviet Union and tried to destroy the churches in\norder to gain complete power over the population.)\n\nSome atheists are quite vocal about their beliefs, but only where they see\nreligion encroaching on matters which are not its business -- for example,\nthe government of the USA.  Such individuals are usually concerned that\nchurch and state should remain separate.\n\n"But if you don\'t allow religion to have a say in the running of the state,\n surely that\'s the same as state atheism?"\n\nThe principle of the separation of church and state is that the state shall\nnot legislate concerning matters of religious belief.  In particular, it\nmeans not only that the state cannot promote one religion at the expense of\nanother, but also that it cannot promote any belief which is religious in\nnature.\n\nReligions can still have a say in discussion of purely secular matters.  For\nexample, religious believers have historically been responsible for\nencouraging many political reforms.  Even today, many organizations\ncampaigning for an increase in spending on foreign aid are founded as\nreligious campaigns.  So long as they campaign concerning secular matters,\nand so long as they do not discriminate on religious grounds, most atheists\nare quite happy to see them have their say.\n\n"What about prayer in schools? If there\'s no God, why do you care if people\n pray?"\n\nBecause people who do pray are voters and lawmakers, and tend to do things\nthat those who don\'t pray can\'t just ignore.  Also, Christian prayer in\nschools is intimidating to non-Christians, even if they are told that they\nneed not join in.  The diversity of religious and non-religious belief means\nthat it is impossible to formulate a meaningful prayer that will be\nacceptable to all those present at any public event.\n\nAlso, non-prayers tend to have friends and family who pray.  It is reasonable\nto care about friends and family wasting their time, even without other\nmotives.\n\n"You mentioned Christians who campaign for increased foreign aid.  What about\n atheists?  Why aren\'t there any atheist charities or hospitals?  Don\'t\n atheists object to the religious charities?"\n\nThere are many charities without religious purpose that atheists can\ncontribute to.  Some atheists contribute to religious charities as well, for\nthe sake of the practical good they do.  Some atheists even do voluntary work\nfor charities founded on a theistic basis.\n\nMost atheists seem to feel that atheism isn\'t worth shouting about in\nconnection with charity.  To them, atheism is just a simple, obvious everyday\nmatter, and so is charity.  Many feel that it\'s somewhat cheap, not to say\nself-righteous, to use simple charity as an excuse to plug a particular set\nof religious beliefs.\n\nTo "weak" atheists, building a hospital to say "I do not believe in God" is a\nrather strange idea; it\'s rather like holding a party to say "Today is not my\nbirthday".  Why the fuss?  Atheism is rarely evangelical.\n\n"You said atheism isn\'t anti-religious.  But is it perhaps a backlash against\n one\'s upbringing, a way of rebelling?"\n\nPerhaps it is, for some.  But many people have parents who do not attempt to\nforce any religious (or atheist) ideas upon them, and many of those people\nchoose to call themselves atheists.\n\nIt\'s also doubtless the case that some religious people chose religion as a\nbacklash against an atheist upbringing, as a way of being different.  On the\nother hand, many people choose religion as a way of conforming to the\nexpectations of others.\n\nOn the whole, we can\'t conclude much about whether atheism or religion are\nbacklash or conformism; although in general, people have a tendency to go\nalong with a group rather than act or think independently.\n\n"How do atheists differ from religious people?"\n\nThey don\'t believe in God.  That\'s all there is to it.\n\nAtheists may listen to heavy metal -- backwards, even -- or they may prefer a\nVerdi Requiem, even if they know the words.  They may wear Hawaiian shirts,\nthey may dress all in black, they may even wear orange robes.  (Many\nBuddhists lack a belief in any sort of God.)  Some atheists even carry a copy\nof the Bible around -- for arguing against, of course!\n\nWhoever you are, the chances are you have met several atheists without\nrealising it.  Atheists are usually unexceptional in behaviour and\nappearance.\n\n"Unexceptional? But aren\'t atheists less moral than religious people?"\n\nThat depends.  If you define morality as obedience to God, then of course\natheists are less moral as they don\'t obey any God.  But usually when one\ntalks of morality, one talks of what is acceptable ("right") and unacceptable\n("wrong") behaviour within society.\n\nHumans are social animals, and to be maximally successful they must\nco-operate with each other.  This is a good enough reason to discourage most\natheists from "anti-social" or "immoral" behaviour, purely for the purposes\nof self-preservation.\n\nMany atheists behave in a "moral" or "compassionate" way simply because they\nfeel a natural tendency to empathize with other humans.  So why do they care\nwhat happens to others?  They don\'t know, they simply are that way.\n\nNaturally, there are some people who behave "immorally" and try to use\natheism to justify their actions.  However, there are equally many people who\nbehave "immorally" and then try to use religious beliefs to justify their\nactions.  For example:\n\n  "Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance: Jesus Christ\n   came into the world to save sinners...  But for that very reason, I was\n   shown mercy so that in me...  Jesus Christ might display His unlimited\n   patience as an example for those who would believe in him and receive\n   eternal life.  Now to the king eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God,\n   be honor and glory forever and ever."\n\nThe above quote is from a statement made to the court on February 17th 1992\nby Jeffrey Dahmer, the notorious cannibal serial killer of Milwaukee,\nWisconsin.  It seems that for every atheist mass-murderer, there is a\nreligious mass-murderer.  But what of more trivial morality?\n\n   A survey conducted by the Roper Organization found that behavior\n   deteriorated after "born again" experiences.  While only 4% of respondents\n   said they had driven intoxicated before being "born again," 12% had done\n   so after conversion.  Similarly, 5% had used illegal drugs before\n   conversion, 9% after.  Two percent admitted to engaging in illicit sex\n   before salvation; 5% after.\n                                ["Freethought Today", September 1991, p. 12.]\n\nSo it seems that at best, religion does not have a monopoly on moral\nbehaviour.\n\n"Is there such a thing as atheist morality?"\n\nIf you mean "Is there such a thing as morality for atheists?", then the\nanswer is yes, as explained above.  Many atheists have ideas about morality\nwhich are at least as strong as those held by religious people.\n\nIf you mean "Does atheism have a characteristic moral code?", then the answer\nis no.  Atheism by itself does not imply anything much about how a person\nwill behave.  Most atheists follow many of the same "moral rules" as theists,\nbut for different reasons.  Atheists view morality as something created by\nhumans, according to the way humans feel the world \'ought\' to work, rather\nthan seeing it as a set of rules decreed by a supernatural being.\n\n"Then aren\'t atheists just theists who are denying God?"\n\nA study by the Freedom From Religion Foundation found that over 90% of the\natheists who responded became atheists because religion did not work for\nthem.  They had found that religious beliefs were fundamentally incompatible\nwith what they observed around them.\n\nAtheists are not unbelievers through ignorance or denial; they are\nunbelievers through choice.  The vast majority of them have spent time\nstudying one or more religions, sometimes in very great depth.  They have\nmade a careful and considered decision to reject religious beliefs.\n\nThis decision may, of course, be an inevitable consequence of that\nindividual\'s personality.  For a naturally sceptical person, the choice\nof atheism is often the only one that makes sense, and hence the only\nchoice that person can honestly make.\n\n"But don\'t atheists want to believe in God?"\n\nAtheists live their lives as though there is nobody watching over them.  Many\nof them have no desire to be watched over, no matter how good-natured the\n"Big Brother" figure might be.\n\nSome atheists would like to be able to believe in God -- but so what? Should\none believe things merely because one wants them to be true?  The risks of\nsuch an approach should be obvious.  Atheists often decide that wanting to\nbelieve something is not enough; there must be evidence for the belief.\n\n"But of course atheists see no evidence for the existence of God -- they are\n unwilling in their souls to see!"\n\nMany, if not most atheists were previously religious.  As has been explained\nabove, the vast majority have seriously considered the possibility that God\nexists.  Many atheists have spent time in prayer trying to reach God.\n\nOf course, it is true that some atheists lack an open mind; but assuming that\nall atheists are biased and insincere is offensive and closed-minded.\nComments such as "Of course God is there, you just aren\'t looking properly"\nare likely to be viewed as patronizing.\n\nCertainly, if you wish to engage in philosophical debate with atheists it is\nvital that you give them the benefit of the doubt and assume that they are\nbeing sincere if they say that they have searched for God.  If you are not\nwilling to believe that they are basically telling the truth, debate is\nfutile.\n\n"Isn\'t the whole of life completely pointless to an atheist?"\n\nMany atheists live a purposeful life.  They decide what they think gives\nmeaning to life, and they pursue those goals.  They try to make their lives\ncount, not by wishing for eternal life, but by having an influence on other\npeople who will live on.  For example, an atheist may dedicate his life to\npolitical reform, in the hope of leaving his mark on history.\n\nIt is a natural human tendency to look for "meaning" or "purpose" in random\nevents.  However, it is by no means obvious that "life" is the sort of thing\nthat has a "meaning".\n\nTo put it another way, not everything which looks like a question is actually\na sensible thing to ask.  Some atheists believe that asking "What is the\nmeaning of life?" is as silly as asking "What is the meaning of a cup of\ncoffee?".  They believe that life has no purpose or meaning, it just is.\n\n"So how do atheists find comfort in time of danger?"\n\nThere are many ways of obtaining comfort; from family, friends, or even pets.\nOr on a less spiritual level, from food or drink or TV.\n\nThat may sound rather an empty and vulnerable way to face danger, but so\nwhat?  Should individuals believe in things because they are comforting, or\nshould they face reality no matter how harsh it might be?\n\nIn the end, it\'s a decision for the individual concerned.  Most atheists are\nunable to believe something they would not otherwise believe merely because\nit makes them feel comfortable.  They put truth before comfort, and consider\nthat if searching for truth sometimes makes them feel unhappy, that\'s just\nhard luck.\n\n"Don\'t atheists worry that they might suddenly be shown to be wrong?"\n\nThe short answer is "No, do you?"\n\nMany atheists have been atheists for years.  They have encountered many\narguments and much supposed evidence for the existence of God, but they have\nfound all of it to be invalid or inconclusive.\n\nThousands of years of religious belief haven\'t resulted in any good proof of\nthe existence of God.  Atheists therefore tend to feel that they are unlikely\nto be proved wrong in the immediate future, and they stop worrying about it.\n\n"So why should theists question their beliefs? Don\'t the same arguments\n apply?"\n\nNo, because the beliefs being questioned are not similar.  Weak atheism is\nthe sceptical "default position" to take; it asserts nothing.  Strong atheism\nis a negative belief.  Theism is a very strong positive belief.\n\nAtheists sometimes also argue that theists should question their beliefs\nbecause of the very real harm they can cause -- not just to the believers,\nbut to everyone else.\n\n"What sort of harm?"\n\nReligion represents a huge financial and work burden on mankind.  It\'s not\njust a matter of religious believers wasting their money on church buildings;\nthink of all the time and effort spent building churches, praying, and so on.\nImagine how that effort could be better spent.\n\nMany theists believe in miracle healing.  There have been plenty of instances\nof ill people being "healed" by a priest, ceasing to take the medicines\nprescribed to them by doctors, and dying as a result.  Some theists have died\nbecause they have refused blood transfusions on religious grounds.\n\nIt is arguable that the Catholic Church\'s opposition to birth control -- and\ncondoms in particular -- is increasing the problem of overpopulation in many\nthird-world countries and contributing to the spread of AIDS world-wide.\n\nReligious believers have been known to murder their children rather than\nallow their children to become atheists or marry someone of a different\nreligion.\n\n"Those weren\'t REAL believers.  They just claimed to be believers as some\n sort of excuse."\n\nWhat makes a real believer?  There are so many One True Religions it\'s hard\nto tell.  Look at Christianity: there are many competing groups, all\nconvinced that they are the only true Christians.  Sometimes they even fight\nand kill each other.  How is an atheist supposed to decide who\'s a REAL\nChristian and who isn\'t, when even the major Christian churches like the\nCatholic Church and the Church of England can\'t decide amongst themselves?\n\nIn the end, most atheists take a pragmatic view, and decide that anyone who\ncalls himself a Christian, and uses Christian belief or dogma to justify his\nactions, should be considered a Christian.  Maybe some of those Christians\nare just perverting Christian teaching for their own ends -- but surely if\nthe Bible can be so readily used to support un-Christian acts it can\'t be\nmuch of a moral code? If the Bible is the word of God, why couldn\'t he have\nmade it less easy to misinterpret? And how do you know that your beliefs\naren\'t a perversion of what your God intended?\n\nIf there is no single unambiguous interpretation of the Bible, then why\nshould an atheist take one interpretation over another just on your say-so?\nSorry, but if someone claims that he believes in Jesus and that he murdered\nothers because Jesus and the Bible told him to do so, we must call him a\nChristian.\n\n"Obviously those extreme sorts of beliefs should be questioned.  But since\n nobody has ever proved that God does not exist, it must be very unlikely\n that more basic religious beliefs, shared by all faiths, are nonsense."\n\nThat does not hold, because as was pointed out at the start of this dialogue,\npositive assertions concerning the existence of entities are inherently much\nharder to disprove than negative ones.  Nobody has ever proved that unicorns\ndon\'t exist, but that doesn\'t make it unlikely that they are myths.\n\nIt is therefore much more valid to hold a negative assertion by default than\nit is to hold a positive assertion by default.  Of course, "weak" atheists\nwould argue that asserting nothing is better still.\n\n"Well, if atheism\'s so great, why are there so many theists?"\n\nUnfortunately, the popularity of a belief has little to do with how "correct"\nit is, or whether it "works"; consider how many people believe in astrology,\ngraphology, and other pseudo-sciences.\n\nMany atheists feel that it is simply a human weakness to want to believe in\ngods.  Certainly in many primitive human societies, religion allows the\npeople to deal with phenomena that they do not adequately understand.\n\nOf course, there\'s more to religion than that.  In the industrialized world,\nwe find people believing in religious explanations of phenomena even when\nthere are perfectly adequate natural explanations.  Religion may have started\nas a means of attempting to explain the world, but nowadays it serves other\npurposes as well.\n\n"But so many cultures have developed religions.  Surely that must say\n something?"\n\nNot really.  Most religions are only superficially similar; for example, it\'s\nworth remembering that religions such as Buddhism and Taoism lack any sort of\nconcept of God in the Christian sense.\n\nOf course, most religions are quick to denounce competing religions, so it\'s\nrather odd to use one religion to try and justify another.\n\n"What about all the famous scientists and philosophers who have concluded\n that God exists?"\n\nFor every scientist or philosopher who believes in a god, there is one who\ndoes not.  Besides, as has already been pointed out, the truth of a belief is\nnot determined by how many people believe it.  Also, it is important to\nrealize that atheists do not view famous scientists or philosophers in the\nsame way that theists view their religious leaders.\n\nA famous scientist is only human; she may be an expert in some fields, but\nwhen she talks about other matters her words carry no special weight.  Many\nrespected scientists have made themselves look foolish by speaking on\nsubjects which lie outside their fields of expertise.\n\n"So are you really saying that widespread belief in religion indicates\n nothing?"\n\nNot entirely.  It certainly indicates that the religion in question has\nproperties which have helped it so spread so far.\n\nThe theory of memetics talks of "memes" -- sets of ideas which can propagate\nthemselves between human minds, by analogy with genes.  Some atheists view\nreligions as sets of particularly successful parasitic memes, which spread by\nencouraging their hosts to convert others.  Some memes avoid destruction by\ndiscouraging believers from questioning doctrine, or by using peer pressure\nto keep one-time believers from admitting that they were mistaken.  Some\nreligious memes even encourage their hosts to destroy hosts controlled by\nother memes.\n\nOf course, in the memetic view there is no particular virtue associated with\nsuccessful propagation of a meme.  Religion is not a good thing because of\nthe number of people who believe it, any more than a disease is a good thing\nbecause of the number of people who have caught it.\n\n"Even if religion is not entirely true, at least it puts across important\n messages.  What are the fundamental messages of atheism?"\n\nThere are many important ideas atheists promote.  The following are just a\nfew of them; don\'t be surprised to see ideas which are also present in some\nreligions.\n\n   There is more to moral behaviour than mindlessly following rules.\n\n   Be especially sceptical of positive claims.\n\n   If you want your life to have some sort of meaning, it\'s up to you to\n   find it.\n\n   Search for what is true, even if it makes you uncomfortable.\n\n   Make the most of your life, as it\'s probably the only one you\'ll have.\n\n   It\'s no good relying on some external power to change you; you must change\n   yourself.\n\n   Just because something\'s popular doesn\'t mean it\'s good.\n\n   If you must assume something, assume something it\'s easy to test.\n\n   Don\'t believe things just because you want them to be true.\n\nand finally (and most importantly):\n\n   All beliefs should be open to question.\n\nThanks for taking the time to read this article.\n\n\nmathew\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: 2.2\n\niQCVAgUBK8AjRXzXN+VrOblFAQFSbwP+MHePY4g7ge8Mo5wpsivX+kHYYxMErFAO\n7ltVtMVTu66Nz6sBbPw9QkbjArbY/S2sZ9NF5htdii0R6SsEyPl0R6/9bV9okE/q\nnihqnzXE8pGvLt7tlez4EoeHZjXLEFrdEyPVayT54yQqGb4HARbOEHDcrTe2atmP\nq0Z4hSSPpAU=\n=q2V5\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n\nFor information about PGP 2.2, send mail to pgpinfo@mantis.co.uk.\n\xff\n',
  u"Subject: Re: Biblical Backing of Koresh's 3-02 Tape (Cites enclosed)\nFrom: kmcvay@oneb.almanac.bc.ca (Ken Mcvay)\nOrganization: The Old Frog's Almanac\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <20APR199301460499@utarlg.uta.edu> b645zaw@utarlg.uta.edu (stephen) writes:\n\n>Seems to me Koresh is yet another messenger that got killed\n>for the message he carried. (Which says nothing about the \n\nSeems to be, barring evidence to the contrary, that Koresh was simply\nanother deranged fanatic who thought it neccessary to take a whole bunch of\nfolks with him, children and all, to satisfy his delusional mania. Jim\nJones, circa 1993.\n\n>In the mean time, we sure learned a lot about evil and corruption.\n>Are you surprised things have gotten that rotten?\n\nNope - fruitcakes like Koresh have been demonstrating such evil corruption\nfor centuries.\n-- \nThe Old Frog's Almanac - A Salute to That Old Frog Hisse'f, Ryugen Fisher \n     (604) 245-3205 (v32) (604) 245-4366 (2400x4) SCO XENIX 2.3.2 GT \n  Ladysmith, British Columbia, CANADA. Serving Central Vancouver Island  \nwith public access UseNet and Internet Mail - home to the Holocaust Almanac\n",
  u"From: nsmca@aurora.alaska.edu\nSubject: Blow up space station, easy way to do it.\nArticle-I.D.: aurora.1993Apr5.184527.1\nOrganization: University of Alaska Fairbanks\nLines: 28\nNntp-Posting-Host: acad3.alaska.edu\n\nThis might a real wierd idea or maybe not..\n\nI have seen where people have blown up ballons then sprayed material into them\nthat then drys and makes hard walls...\n\nWhy not do the same thing for a space station..\n\nFly up the docking rings and baloon materials and such, blow up the baloons,\nspin then around (I know a problem in micro gravity) let them dry/cure/harden?\nand cut a hole for the docking/attaching ring and bingo a space station..\n\nOf course the ballons would have to be foil covered or someother radiation\nprotective covering/heat shield(?) and the material used to make the wals would\nhave to meet the out gasing and other specs or atleast the paint/covering of\nthe inner wall would have to be human safe.. Maybe a special congrete or maybe\nthe same material as makes caplets but with some changes (saw where someone\ninstea dof water put beer in the caplet mixture, got a mix that was just as\nstrong as congret but easier to carry around and such..)\n\nSorry for any spelling errors, I missed school today.. (grin)..\n\nWhy musta  space station be so difficult?? why must we have girders? why be\nconfined to earth based ideas, lets think new ideas, after all space is not\nearth, why be limited by earth based ideas??\n\n==\nMichael Adams, nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu -- I'm not high, just jacked\ngoing crazy in Nome Alaska, break up is here..\n",
  u'From: chrisb@tafe.sa.edu.au (Chris BELL)\nSubject: Re: Don\'t more innocents die without the death penalty?\nOrganization: South Australian Regional Academic and Research Network\nLines: 19\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: baarnie.tafe.sa.edu.au\n\n"James F. Tims" <p00168@psilink.com> writes:\n\n>By maintaining classes D and E, even in prison, it seems as if we \n>place more innocent people at a higher risk of an unjust death than \n>we would if the state executed classes D and E with an occasional error.\n\nI would rather be at a higher risk of being killed than actually killed by\n                              ^^^^                      ^^^^^^^^\nmistake.  Though I do agree with the concept that the type D and E murderers\nare a massive waste of space and resources I don\'t agree with the concept:\n\n\tkilling is wrong\n\tif you kill we will punish you\n\tour punishment will be to kill you.\n\nSeems to be lacking in consistency.\n\n--\n"I know" is nothing more than "I believe" with pretentions.\n',
  u'From: tgl+@cs.cmu.edu (Tom Lane)\nSubject: JPEG image compression: Frequently Asked Questions\nSummary: Useful info about JPEG (JPG) image files and programs\nKeywords: JPEG, image compression, FAQ\nSupersedes: <jpeg-faq_735169170@g.gp.cs.cmu.edu>\nNntp-Posting-Host: g.gp.cs.cmu.edu\nReply-To: jpeg-info@uunet.uu.net\nOrganization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon\nExpires: Mon, 31 May 1993 03:14:50 GMT\nLines: 1034\n\nArchive-name: jpeg-faq\nLast-modified: 2 May 1993\n\nThis FAQ article discusses JPEG image compression.  Suggestions for\nadditions and clarifications are welcome.\n\nNew since version of 18 April 1993:\n  * New version of XV supports 24-bit viewing for X Windows.\n  * New versions of DVPEG & Image Alchemy for DOS.\n  * New versions of Image Archiver & PMView for OS/2.\n  * New listing: MGIF for monochrome-display Ataris.\n\n\nThis article includes the following sections:\n\n[1]  What is JPEG?\n[2]  Why use JPEG?\n[3]  When should I use JPEG, and when should I stick with GIF?\n[4]  How well does JPEG compress images?\n[5]  What are good "quality" settings for JPEG?\n[6]  Where can I get JPEG software?\n    [6A] "canned" software, viewers, etc.\n    [6B] source code\n[7]  What\'s all this hoopla about color quantization?\n[8]  How does JPEG work?\n[9]  What about lossless JPEG?\n[10]  Why all the argument about file formats?\n[11]  How do I recognize which file format I have, and what do I do about it?\n[12]  What about arithmetic coding?\n[13]  Does loss accumulate with repeated compression/decompression?\n[14]  What are some rules of thumb for converting GIF images to JPEG?\n\nSections 1-6 are basic info that every JPEG user needs to know;\nsections 7-14 are advanced info for the curious.\n\nThis article is posted every 2 weeks.  You can always find the latest version\nin the news.answers archive at rtfm.mit.edu (18.70.0.226).  By FTP, fetch\n/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq; or if you don\'t have FTP, send e-mail to\nmail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with body "send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq".\nMany other FAQ articles are also stored in this archive.  For more\ninstructions on use of the archive, send e-mail to the same address with the\nwords "help" and "index" (no quotes) on separate lines.  If you don\'t get a\nreply, the server may be misreading your return address; add a line such as\n"path myname@mysite" to specify your correct e-mail address to reply to.\n\n\n----------\n\n\n[1]  What is JPEG?\n\nJPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized image compression mechanism.\nJPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, the original name of the\ncommittee that wrote the standard.  JPEG is designed for compressing either\nfull-color or gray-scale digital images of "natural", real-world scenes.\nIt does not work so well on non-realistic images, such as cartoons or line\ndrawings.\n\nJPEG does not handle black-and-white (1-bit-per-pixel) images, nor does it\nhandle motion picture compression.  Standards for compressing those types\nof images are being worked on by other committees, named JBIG and MPEG\nrespectively.\n\nJPEG is "lossy", meaning that the image you get out of decompression isn\'t\nquite identical to what you originally put in.  The algorithm achieves much\nof its compression by exploiting known limitations of the human eye, notably\nthe fact that small color details aren\'t perceived as well as small details\nof light-and-dark.  Thus, JPEG is intended for compressing images that will\nbe looked at by humans.  If you plan to machine-analyze your images, the\nsmall errors introduced by JPEG may be a problem for you, even if they are\ninvisible to the eye.\n\nA useful property of JPEG is that the degree of lossiness can be varied by\nadjusting compression parameters.  This means that the image maker can trade\noff file size against output image quality.  You can make *extremely* small\nfiles if you don\'t mind poor quality; this is useful for indexing image\narchives, making thumbnail views or icons, etc. etc.  Conversely, if you\naren\'t happy with the output quality at the default compression setting, you\ncan jack up the quality until you are satisfied, and accept lesser compression.\n\n\n[2]  Why use JPEG?\n\nThere are two good reasons: to make your image files smaller, and to store\n24-bit-per-pixel color data instead of 8-bit-per-pixel data.\n\nMaking image files smaller is a big win for transmitting files across\nnetworks and for archiving libraries of images.  Being able to compress a\n2 Mbyte full-color file down to 100 Kbytes or so makes a big difference in\ndisk space and transmission time!  (If you are comparing GIF and JPEG, the\nsize ratio is more like four to one.  More details below.)\n\nIf your viewing software doesn\'t support JPEG directly, you\'ll have to\nconvert JPEG to some other format for viewing or manipulating images.  Even\nwith a JPEG-capable viewer, it takes longer to decode and view a JPEG image\nthan to view an image of a simpler format (GIF, for instance).  Thus, using\nJPEG is essentially a time/space tradeoff: you give up some time in order to\nstore or transmit an image more cheaply.\n\nIt\'s worth noting that when network or phone transmission is involved, the\ntime savings from transferring a shorter file can be much greater than the\nextra time to decompress the file.  I\'ll let you do the arithmetic yourself.\n\nThe other reason why JPEG will gradually replace GIF as a standard Usenet\nposting format is that JPEG can store full color information: 24 bits/pixel\n(16 million colors) instead of 8 or less (256 or fewer colors).  If you have\nonly 8-bit display hardware then this may not seem like much of an advantage\nto you.  Within a couple of years, though, 8-bit GIF will look as obsolete as\nblack-and-white MacPaint format does today.  Furthermore, for reasons detailed\nin section 7, JPEG is far more useful than GIF for exchanging images among\npeople with widely varying color display hardware.  Hence JPEG is considerably\nmore appropriate than GIF for use as a Usenet posting standard.\n\n\n[3]  When should I use JPEG, and when should I stick with GIF?\n\nJPEG is *not* going to displace GIF entirely; for some types of images,\nGIF is superior in image quality, file size, or both.  One of the first\nthings to learn about JPEG is which kinds of images to apply it to.\n\nAs a rule of thumb, JPEG is superior to GIF for storing full-color or\ngray-scale images of "realistic" scenes; that means scanned photographs and\nsimilar material.  JPEG is superior even if you don\'t have 24-bit display\nhardware, and it is a LOT superior if you do.  (See section 7 for details.)\n\nGIF does significantly better on images with only a few distinct colors,\nsuch as cartoons and line drawings.  In particular, large areas of pixels\nthat are all *exactly* the same color are compressed very efficiently indeed\nby GIF.  JPEG can\'t squeeze these files as much as GIF does without\nintroducing visible defects.  This sort of image is best kept in GIF form.\n(In particular, single-color borders are quite cheap in GIF files, but they\nshould be avoided in JPEG files.)\n\nJPEG also has a hard time with very sharp edges: a row of pure-black pixels\nadjacent to a row of pure-white pixels, for example.  Sharp edges tend to\ncome out blurred unless you use a very high quality setting.  Again, this\nsort of thing is not found in scanned photographs, but it shows up fairly\noften in GIF files: borders, overlaid text, etc.  The blurriness is\nparticularly objectionable with text that\'s only a few pixels high.\nIf you have a GIF with a lot of small-size overlaid text, don\'t JPEG it.\n\nComputer-drawn images (ray-traced scenes, for instance) usually fall between\nscanned images and cartoons in terms of complexity.  The more complex and\nsubtly rendered the image, the more likely that JPEG will do well on it.\nThe same goes for semi-realistic artwork (fantasy drawings and such).\n\nPlain black-and-white (two level) images should never be converted to JPEG.\nYou need at least about 16 gray levels before JPEG is useful for gray-scale\nimages.  It should also be noted that GIF is lossless for gray-scale images\nof up to 256 levels, while JPEG is not.\n\nIf you have an existing library of GIF images, you may wonder whether you\nshould convert them to JPEG.  You will lose a little image quality if you do.\n(Section 7, which argues that JPEG image quality is superior to GIF, only\napplies if both formats start from a full-color original.  If you start from\na GIF, you\'ve already irretrievably lost a great deal of information; JPEG\ncan only make things worse.)  However, the disk space savings may justify\nconverting anyway.  This is a decision you\'ll have to make for yourself.\nIf you do convert a GIF library to JPEG, see section 14 for hints.  Be\nprepared to leave some images in GIF format, since some GIFs will not\nconvert well.\n\n\n[4]  How well does JPEG compress images?\n\nPretty darn well.  Here are some sample file sizes for an image I have\nhandy, a 727x525 full-color image of a ship in a harbor.  The first three\nfiles are for comparison purposes; the rest were created with the free JPEG\nsoftware described in section 6B.\n\nFile\t   Size in bytes\t\tComments\n\nship.ppm\t1145040  Original file in PPM format (no compression; 24 bits\n\t\t\t or 3 bytes per pixel, plus a few bytes overhead)\nship.ppm.Z\t 963829  PPM file passed through Unix compress\n\t\t\t compress doesn\'t accomplish a lot, you\'ll note.\n\t\t\t Other text-oriented compressors give similar results.\nship.gif\t 240438  Converted to GIF with ppmquant -fs 256 | ppmtogif\n\t\t\t Most of the savings is the result of losing color\n\t\t\t info: GIF saves 8 bits/pixel, not 24.  (See sec. 7.)\n\nship.jpg95\t 155622  cjpeg -Q 95    (highest useful quality setting)\n\t\t\t This is indistinguishable from the 24-bit original,\n\t\t\t at least to my nonprofessional eyeballs.\nship.jpg75\t  58009  cjpeg -Q 75    (default setting)\n\t\t\t You have to look mighty darn close to distinguish this\n\t\t\t from the original, even with both on-screen at once.\nship.jpg50\t  38406  cjpeg -Q 50\n\t\t\t This has slight defects; if you know what to look\n\t\t\t for, you could tell it\'s been JPEGed without seeing\n\t\t\t the original.  Still as good image quality as many\n\t\t\t recent postings in Usenet pictures groups.\nship.jpg25\t  25192  cjpeg -Q 25\n\t\t\t JPEG\'s characteristic "blockiness" becomes apparent\n\t\t\t at this setting (djpeg -blocksmooth helps some).\n\t\t\t Still, I\'ve seen plenty of Usenet postings that were\n\t\t\t of poorer image quality than this.\nship.jpg5o\t   6587  cjpeg -Q 5 -optimize  (-optimize cuts table overhead)\n\t\t\t Blocky, but perfectly satisfactory for preview or\n\t\t\t indexing purposes.  Note that this file is TINY:\n\t\t\t the compression ratio from the original is 173:1 !\n\nIn this case JPEG can make a file that\'s a factor of four or five smaller\nthan a GIF of comparable quality (the -Q 75 file is every bit as good as the\nGIF, better if you have a full-color display).  This seems to be a typical\nratio for real-world scenes.\n\n\n[5]  What are good "quality" settings for JPEG?\n\nMost JPEG compressors let you pick a file size vs. image quality tradeoff by\nselecting a quality setting.  There seems to be widespread confusion about\nthe meaning of these settings.  "Quality 95" does NOT mean "keep 95% of the\ninformation", as some have claimed.  The quality scale is purely arbitrary;\nit\'s not a percentage of anything.\n\nThe name of the game in using JPEG is to pick the lowest quality setting\n(smallest file size) that decompresses into an image indistinguishable from\nthe original.  This setting will vary from one image to another and from one\nobserver to another, but here are some rules of thumb.\n\nThe default quality setting (-Q 75) is very often the best choice.  This\nsetting is about the lowest you can go without expecting to see defects in a\ntypical image.  Try -Q 75 first; if you see defects, then go up.  Except for\nexperimental purposes, never go above -Q 95; saying -Q 100 will produce a\nfile two or three times as large as -Q 95, but of hardly any better quality.\n\nIf the image was less than perfect quality to begin with, you might be able to\ngo down to -Q 50 without objectionable degradation.  On the other hand, you\nmight need to go to a HIGHER quality setting to avoid further degradation.\nThe second case seems to apply much of the time when converting GIFs to JPEG.\nThe default -Q 75 is about right for compressing 24-bit images, but -Q 85 to\n95 is usually better for converting GIFs (see section 14 for more info).\n\nIf you want a very small file (say for preview or indexing purposes) and are\nprepared to tolerate large defects, a -Q setting in the range of 5 to 10 is\nabout right.  -Q 2 or so may be amusing as "op art".\n\n(Note: the quality settings discussed in this article apply to the free JPEG\nsoftware described in section 6B, and to many programs based on it.  Other\nJPEG implementations, such as Image Alchemy, may use a completely different\nquality scale.  Some programs don\'t even provide a numeric scale, just\n"high"/"medium"/"low"-style choices.)\n\n\n[6]  Where can I get JPEG software?\n\nMost of the programs described in this section are available by FTP.\nIf you don\'t know how to use FTP, see the FAQ article "How to find sources".\n(If you don\'t have direct access to FTP, read about ftpmail servers in the\nsame article.)  That article appears regularly in news.answers, or you can\nget it by sending e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with\n"send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources" in the body.  The "Anonymous FTP\nList FAQ" may also be helpful --- it\'s usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/faq in\nthe news.answers archive.\n\nNOTE: this list changes constantly.  If you have a copy more than a couple\nmonths old, get the latest JPEG FAQ from the news.answers archive.\n\n\n[6A]  If you are looking for "canned" software, viewers, etc:\n\nThe first part of this list is system-specific programs that only run on one\nkind of system.  If you don\'t see what you want for your machine, check out\nthe portable JPEG software described at the end of the list.  Note that this\nlist concentrates on free and shareware programs that you can obtain over\nInternet; but some commercial programs are listed too.\n\nX Windows:\n\nXV (shareware, $25) is an excellent viewer for JPEG, GIF, and many other\nimage formats.  It can also do format conversion and some simple image\nmanipulations.  It\'s available for FTP from export.lcs.mit.edu (18.24.0.12),\nfile contrib/xv-3.00.tar.Z.  Version 3.00 is a major upgrade with support\nfor 24-bit displays and many other improvements; however, it is brand new\nand still has some bugs lurking.  If you prefer not to be on the bleeding\nedge, stick with version 2.21, also available from export.  Note that\nversion 2.21 is not a good choice if you have a 24-bit display (you\'ll get\nonly 8-bit color), nor for converting 24-bit images to JPEG.  But 2.21 works\nfine for converting GIF and other 8-bit images to JPEG.  CAUTION: there is a\nglitch in version 2.21: be sure to check the "save at normal size" checkbox\nwhen saving a JPEG file, or the file will be blurry.\n\nAnother good choice for X Windows is John Cristy\'s free ImageMagick package,\nalso available from export.lcs.mit.edu, file contrib/ImageMagick.tar.Z.\nThis package handles many image processing and conversion tasks.  The\nImageMagick viewer handles 24-bit displays correctly; for colormapped\ndisplays, it does better (though slower) color quantization than XV or the\nbasic free JPEG software.\n\nBoth of the above are large, complex packages.  If you just want a simple\nimage viewer, try xloadimage or xli.  xloadimage supports JPEG in its latest\nrelease, 3.03.  xloadimage is free and available from export.lcs.mit.edu,\nfile contrib/xloadimage-3.03.tar.Z.  xli is a variant version of xloadimage,\nsaid by its fans to be somewhat faster and more robust than the original.\n(The current xli is indeed faster and more robust than the current\nxloadimage, at least with respect to JPEG files, because it has the IJG v4\ndecoder while xloadimage 3.03 is using a hacked-over v1.  The next\nxloadimage release will fix this.)  xli is also free and available from\nexport.lcs.mit.edu, file contrib/xli.1.14.tar.Z.  Both programs are said\nto do the right thing with 24-bit displays.\n\n\nMS-DOS:\n\nThis covers plain DOS; for Windows or OS/2 programs, see the next headings.\n\nOne good choice is Eric Praetzel\'s free DVPEG, which views JPEG and GIF files.\nThe current version, 2.5, is available by FTP from sunee.uwaterloo.ca\n(129.97.50.50), file pub/jpeg/viewers/dvpeg25.zip.  This is a good basic\nviewer that works on either 286 or 386/486 machines.  The user interface is\nnot flashy, but it\'s functional.\n\nAnother freeware JPEG/GIF/TGA viewer is Mohammad Rezaei\'s Hiview.  The\ncurrent version, 1.2, is available from Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE\nbelow), file msdos/graphics/hv12.zip.  Hiview requires a 386 or better CPU\nand a VCPI-compatible memory manager (QEMM386 and 386MAX work; Windows and\nOS/2 do not).  Hiview is currently the fastest viewer for images that are no\nbigger than your screen.  For larger images, it scales the image down to fit\non the screen (rather than using panning/scrolling as most viewers do).\nYou may or may not prefer this approach, but there\'s no denying that it\nslows down loading of large images considerably.  Note: installation is a\nbit tricky; read the directions carefully!\n\nA shareware alternative is ColorView for DOS ($30).  This is easier to\ninstall than either of the two freeware alternatives.  Its user interface is\nalso much spiffier-looking, although personally I find it harder to use ---\nmore keystrokes, inconsistent behavior.  It is faster than DVPEG but a\nlittle slower than Hiview, at least on my hardware.  (For images larger than\nscreen size, DVPEG and ColorView seem to be about the same speed, and both\nare faster than Hiview.)  The current version is 2.1, available from\nSimtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/dcview21.zip.\nRequires a VESA graphics driver; if you don\'t have one, look in vesadrv2.zip\nor vesa-tsr.zip from the same directory.  (Many recent PCs have a built-in\nVESA driver, so don\'t try to load a VESA driver unless ColorView complains\nthat the driver is missing.)\n\nA second shareware alternative is Fullview, which has been kicking around\nthe net for a while, but I don\'t know any stable archive location for it.\nThe current (rather old) version is inferior to the above viewers anyway.\nThe author tells me that a new version of Fullview will be out shortly\nand it will be submitted to the Simtel20 archives at that time.\n\nThe well-known GIF viewer CompuShow (CSHOW) supports JPEG in its latest\nrevision, 8.60a.  However, CSHOW\'s JPEG implementation isn\'t very good:\nit\'s slow (about half the speed of the above viewers) and image quality is\npoor except on hi-color displays.  Too bad ... it\'d have been nice to see a\ngood JPEG capability in CSHOW.  Shareware, $25.  Available from Simtel20 and\nmirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/gif/cshw860a.zip.\n\nDue to the remarkable variety of PC graphics hardware, any one of these\nviewers might not work on your particular machine.  If you can\'t get *any*\nof them to work, you\'ll need to use one of the following conversion programs\nto convert JPEG to GIF, then view with your favorite GIF viewer.  (If you\nhave hi-color hardware, don\'t use GIF as the intermediate format; try to\nfind a TARGA-capable viewer instead.  VPIC5.0 is reputed to do the right\nthing with hi-color displays.)\n\nThe Independent JPEG Group\'s free JPEG converters are FTPable from Simtel20\nand mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/jpeg4.zip (or\njpeg4386.zip if you have a 386 and extended memory).  These files are DOS\ncompilations of the free source code described in section 6B; they will\nconvert JPEG to and from GIF, Targa, and PPM formats.\n\nHandmade Software offers free JPEG<=>GIF conversion tools, GIF2JPG/JPG2GIF.\nThese are slow and are limited to conversion to and from GIF format; in\nparticular, you can\'t get 24-bit color output from a JPEG.  The major\nadvantage of these tools is that they will read and write HSI\'s proprietary\nJPEG format as well as the Usenet-standard JFIF format.  Since HSI-format\nfiles are rather widespread on BBSes, this is a useful capability.  Version\n2.0 of these tools is free (prior versions were shareware).  Get it from\nSimtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/gif2jpg2.zip.\nNOTE: do not use HSI format for files to be posted on Internet, since it is\nnot readable on non-PC platforms.\n\nHandmade Software also has a shareware image conversion and manipulation\npackage, Image Alchemy.  This will translate JPEG files (both JFIF and HSI\nformats) to and from many other image formats.  It can also display images.\nA demo version of Image Alchemy version 1.6.2 is available from Simtel20 and\nmirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/alch162.zip.\n\nNOTE ABOUT SIMTEL20: The Internet\'s key archive site for PC-related programs\nis Simtel20, full name wsmr-simtel20.army.mil (192.88.110.20).  Simtel20\nruns a non-Unix system with weird directory names; where this document\nrefers to directory (eg) "msdos/graphics" at Simtel20, that really means\n"pd1:<msdos.graphics>".  If you are not physically on MILnet, you should\nexpect rather slow FTP transfer rates from Simtel20.  There are several\nInternet sites that maintain copies (mirrors) of the Simtel20 archives;\nmost FTP users should go to one of the mirror sites instead.  A popular USA\nmirror site is oak.oakland.edu (141.210.10.117), which keeps Simtel20 files\nin (eg) "/pub/msdos/graphics".  If you have no FTP capability, you can\nretrieve files from Simtel20 by e-mail; see informational postings in\ncomp.archives.msdos.announce to find out how.  If you are outside the USA,\nconsult the same newsgroup to learn where your nearest Simtel20 mirror is.\n\nMicrosoft Windows:\n\nThere are several Windows programs capable of displaying JPEG images.\n(Windows viewers are generally slower than DOS viewers on the same hardware,\ndue to Windows\' system overhead.  Note that you can run the DOS conversion\nprograms described above inside a Windows DOS window.)\n\nThe newest entry is WinECJ, which is free and EXTREMELY fast.  Version 1.0\nis available from ftp.rahul.net, file /pub/bryanw/pc/jpeg/wecj.zip.\nRequires Windows 3.1 and 256-or-more-colors mode.  This is a no-frills\nviewer with the bad habit of hogging the machine completely while it\ndecodes; and the image quality is noticeably worse than other viewers.\nBut it\'s so fast you\'ll use it anyway, at least for previewing...\n\nJView is freeware, fairly fast, has good on-line help, and can write out the\ndecompressed image in Windows BMP format; but it can\'t create new JPEG\nfiles, and it doesn\'t view GIFs.  JView also lacks some other useful\nfeatures of the shareware viewers (such as brightness adjustment), but it\'s\nan excellent basic viewer.  The current version, 0.9, is available from\nftp.cica.indiana.edu (129.79.20.84), file pub/pc/win3/desktop/jview090.zip.\n(Mirrors of this archive can be found at some other Internet sites,\nincluding wuarchive.wustl.edu.)\n\nWinJPEG (shareware, $20) displays JPEG,GIF,Targa,TIFF, and BMP image files;\nit can write all of these formats too, so it can be used as a converter.\nIt has some other nifty features including color-balance adjustment and\nslideshow.  The current version is 2.1, available from Simtel20 and mirror\nsites (see NOTE above), file msdos/windows3/winjp210.zip.  (This is a slow\n286-compatible version; if you register, you\'ll get the 386-only version,\nwhich is roughly 25% faster.)\n\nColorView is another shareware entry ($30).  This was an early and promising\ncontender, but it has not been updated in some time, and at this point it\nhas no real advantages over WinJPEG.  If you want to try it anyway, the\ncurrent version is 0.97, available from ftp.cica.indiana.edu, file\npub/pc/win3/desktop/cview097.zip.  (I understand that a new version will\nbe appearing once the authors are finished with ColorView for DOS.)\n\nDVPEG (see DOS heading) also works under Windows, but only in full-screen\nmode, not in a window.\n\nOS/2:\n\nThe following files are available from hobbes.nmsu.edu (128.123.35.151).\nNote: check /pub/uploads for more recent versions --- the hobbes moderator\nis not very fast about moving uploads into their permanent directories.\n/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/jpegv4.zip\n    32-bit version of free IJG conversion programs, version 4.\n/pub/os2/all/graphics/jpeg4-16.zip\n    16-bit version of same, for OS/2 1.x.\n/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/imgarc12.zip\n    Image Archiver 1.02: image conversion/viewing with PM graphical interface.\n    Strong on conversion functions, viewing is a bit weaker.  Shareware, $15.\n/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/pmjpeg11.zip\n    PMJPEG 1.1: OS/2 2.x port of WinJPEG, a popular viewer for Windows\n    (see description in Windows section).  Shareware, $20.\n/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/pmview85.zip\n    PMView 0.85: JPEG/GIF/BMP viewer.  GIF viewing very fast, JPEG viewing\n    fast if you have huge amounts of RAM, otherwise about the same speed\n    as the above programs.  Strong 24-bit display support.  Shareware, $20.\n\nMacintosh:\n\nMost Mac JPEG programs rely on Apple\'s JPEG implementation, which is part of\nthe QuickTime system extension; so you need to have QuickTime installed.\nTo use QuickTime, you need a 68020 or better CPU and you need to be running\nSystem 6.0.7 or later.  (If you\'re running System 6, you must also install\nthe 32-bit QuickDraw extension; this is built-in on System 7.)  You can get\nQuickTime by FTP from ftp.apple.com, file dts/mac/quicktime/quicktime.hqx.\n(As of 11/92, this file contains QuickTime 1.5, which is better than QT 1.0\nin several ways.  With respect to JPEG, it is marginally faster and\nconsiderably less prone to crash when fed a corrupt JPEG file.  However,\nsome applications seem to have compatibility problems with QT 1.5.)\n\nMac users should keep in mind that QuickTime\'s JPEG format, PICT/JPEG, is\nnot the same as the Usenet-standard JFIF JPEG format.  (See section 10 for\ndetails.)  If you post images on Usenet, make sure they are in JFIF format.\nMost of the programs mentioned below can generate either format.\n\nThe first choice is probably JPEGView, a free program for viewing images\nthat are in JFIF format, PICT/JPEG format, or GIF format.  It also can\nconvert between the two JPEG formats.  The current version, 2.0, is a big\nimprovement over prior versions.  Get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu\n(36.44.0.6), file /info-mac/app/jpeg-view-20.hqx.  Requires System 7 and\nQuickTime.  On 8-bit displays, JPEGView usually produces the best color\nimage quality of all the currently available Mac JPEG viewers.  JPEGView can\nview large images in much less memory than other Mac viewers; in fact, it\'s\nthe only one that can deal with JPEG images much over 640x480 pixels on a\ntypical 4MB Mac.  Given a large image, JPEGView automatically scales it down\nto fit on the screen, rather than presenting scroll bars like most other\nviewers.  (You can zoom in on any desired portion, though.)  Some people\nlike this behavior, some don\'t.  Overall, JPEGView\'s user interface is very\nwell thought out.\n\nGIFConverter, a shareware ($40) image viewer/converter, supports JFIF and\nPICT/JPEG, as well as GIF and several other image formats.  The latest\nversion is 2.3.2.  Get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file\n/info-mac/art/gif/gif-converter-232.hqx.  Requires System 6.0.5 or later.\nGIFConverter is not better than JPEGView as a plain JPEG/GIF viewer, but\nit has much more extensive image manipulation and format conversion\ncapabilities, so you may find it worth its shareware fee if you do a lot of\nplaying around with images.  Also, the newest version of GIFConverter can\nload and save JFIF images *without* QuickTime, so it is your best bet if\nyour machine is too old to run QuickTime.  (But it\'s faster with QuickTime.)\nNote: If GIFConverter runs out of memory trying to load a large JPEG, try\nconverting the file to GIF with JPEG Convert, then viewing the GIF version.\n\nJPEG Convert, a Mac version of the free IJG JPEG conversion utilities, is\navailable from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file /info-mac/app/jpeg-convert-10.hqx.\nThis will run on any Mac, but it only does file conversion, not viewing.\nYou can use it in conjunction with any GIF viewer.\n\nPrevious versions of this FAQ recommended Imagery JPEG v0.6, a JPEG<=>GIF\nconverter based on an old version of the IJG code.  If you are using this\nprogram, you definitely should replace it with JPEG Convert.\n\nApple\'s free program PictPixie can view images in JFIF, QuickTime JPEG, and\nGIF format, and can convert between these formats.  You can get PictPixie\nfrom ftp.apple.com, file dts/mac/quicktime/qt.1.0.stuff/pictpixie.hqx.\nRequires QuickTime.  PictPixie was intended as a developer\'s tool, and it\'s\nreally not the best choice unless you like to fool around with QuickTime.\nSome of its drawbacks are that it requires lots of memory, it produces\nrelatively poor color image quality on anything less than a 24-bit display,\nand it has a relatively unfriendly user interface.  Worse, PictPixie is an\nunsupported program, meaning it has some minor bugs that Apple does not\nintend to fix.  (There is an old version of PictPixie, called\nPICTCompressor, floating around the net.  If you have this you should trash\nit, as it\'s even buggier.  Also, the QuickTime Starter Kit includes a much\ncleaned-up descendant of PictPixie called Picture Compressor.  Note that\nPicture Compressor is NOT free and may not be distributed on the net.)\n\nStorm Technology\'s Picture Decompress is a free JPEG viewer/converter.\nThis rather old program is inferior to the above programs in many ways, but\nit will run without System 7 or QuickTime, so you may be forced to use it on\nolder systems.  (It does need 32-bit QuickDraw, so really old machines can\'t\nuse it.)  You can get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file\n/info-mac/app/picture-decompress-201.hqx.  You must set the file type of a\ndownloaded image file to \'JPEG\' to allow Picture Decompress to open it.\n\nIf your machine is too old to run 32-bit QuickDraw (a Mac Plus for instance),\nGIFConverter is your only choice for single-program JPEG viewing.  If you\ndon\'t want to pay for GIFConverter, use JPEG Convert and a free GIF viewer.\n\nMore and more commercial Mac applications are supporting JPEG, although not\nall can deal with the Usenet-standard JFIF format.  Adobe Photoshop, version\n2.0.1 or later, can read and write JFIF-format JPEG files (use the JPEG\nplug-in from the Acquire menu).  You must set the file type of a downloaded\nJPEG file to \'JPEG\' to allow Photoshop to recognize it.\n\nAmiga:\n\n(Most programs listed in this section are stored in the AmiNet archive at\namiga.physik.unizh.ch (130.60.80.80).  There are many mirror sites of this\narchive and you should try to use the closest one.  In the USA, a good\nchoice is wuarchive.wustl.edu; look under /mirrors/amiga.physik.unizh.ch/...)\n\nHamLab Plus is an excellent JPEG viewer/converter, as well as being a\ngeneral image manipulation tool.  It\'s cheap (shareware, $20) and can read\nseveral formats besides JPEG.  The current version is 2.0.8.  A demo version\nis available from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites), file\namiga/gfx/edit/hamlab208d.lha.  The demo version will crop images larger\nthan 512x512, but it is otherwise fully functional.\n\nRend24 (shareware, $30) is an image renderer that can display JPEG, ILBM,\nand GIF images.  The program can be used to create animations, even\ncapturing frames on-the-fly from rendering packages like Lightwave.  The\ncurrent version is 1.05, available from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror\nsites), file amiga/os30/gfx/rend105.lha.  (Note: although this directory is\nsupposedly for AmigaDOS 3.0 programs, the program will also run under\nAmigaDOS 1.3, 2.04 or 2.1.)\n\nViewtek is a free JPEG/ILBM/GIF/ANIM viewer.  The current version is 1.04,\navailable from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites), file\namiga/gfx/show/ViewTek104.lha.\n\nIf you\'re willing to spend real money, there are several commercial packages\nthat support JPEG.  Two are written by Thomas Krehbiel, the author of Rend24\nand Viewtek.  These are CineMorph, a standalone image morphing package, and\nImageFX, an impressive 24-bit image capture, conversion, editing, painting,\neffects and prepress package that also includes CineMorph.  Both are\ndistributed by Great Valley Products.  Art Department Professional (ADPro),\nfrom ASDG Inc, is the most widely used commercial image manipulation\nsoftware for Amigas.  ImageMaster, from Black Belt Systems, is another\nwell-regarded commercial graphics package with JPEG support.\n\nThe free IJG JPEG software is available compiled for Amigas from\namiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites) in directory amiga/gfx/conv, file\nAmigaJPEGV4.lha.  These programs convert JPEG to/from PPM,GIF,Targa formats.\n\nThe Amiga world is heavily infested with quick-and-dirty JPEG programs, many\nbased on an ancient beta-test version of the free IJG JPEG software (thanks\nto a certain magazine that published same on its disk-of-the-month, without\nso much as notifying the authors).  Among these are "AugJPEG", "NewAmyJPEG",\n"VJPEG", and probably others I have not even heard of.  In my opinion,\nanything older than IJG version 3 (March 1992) is not worth the disk space\nit\'s stored on; if you have such a program, trash it and get something newer.\n\nAtari ST:\n\nThe free IJG JPEG software is available compiled for Atari ST, TT, etc,\nfrom atari.archive.umich.edu, file /atari/Graphics/jpeg4bin.zoo.\nThese programs convert JPEG to/from PPM, GIF, Targa formats.\n\nFor monochrome ST monitors, try MGIF, which manages to achieve four-level\ngrayscale effect by flickering.  Version 4.1 reads JPEG files.  Available\nfrom atari.archive.umich.edu, file /atari/Graphics/mgif41b.zoo.\n\nI have not heard of any other free or shareware JPEG-capable viewers for\nAtaris, but surely there must be some by now?  Pointers appreciated.\n\nAcorn Archimedes:\n\n!ChangeFSI, supplied with RISC OS 3 version 3.10, can convert from and view\nJPEG JFIF format.  Provision is also made to convert images to JPEG,\nalthough this must be done from the CLI rather than by double-clicking.\n\nRecent versions (since 7.11) of the shareware program Translator can handle\nJPEG, along with about 30 other image formats.  While older versions can be\nfound on some Archimedes bboards, the current version is only available by\nregistering with the author, John Kortink, Nutterbrink 31, 7544 WJ, Enschede,\nThe Netherlands.  Price 35 Dutch guilders (about $22 or 10 pounds).\n\nThere\'s also a commercial product called !JPEG which provides JPEG read/write\nfunctionality and direct JPEG viewing, as well as a host of other image\nformat conversion and processing options.  This is more expensive but not\nnecessarily better than the above programs.  Contact: DT Software, FREEPOST,\nCambridge, UK.  Tel: 0223 841099.\n\n\nPortable software for almost any system:\n\nIf none of the above fits your situation, you can obtain and compile the free\nJPEG conversion software described in 6B.  You\'ll also need a viewer program.\nIf your display is 8 bits or less, any GIF viewer will do fine; if you have a\ndisplay with more color capability, try to find a viewer that can read Targa\nor PPM 24-bit image files.\n\nThere are numerous commercial JPEG offerings, with more popping up every\nday.  I recommend that you not spend money on one of these unless you find\nthe available free or shareware software vastly too slow.  In that case,\npurchase a hardware-assisted product.  Ask pointed questions about whether\nthe product complies with the final JPEG standard and about whether it can\nhandle the JFIF file format; many of the earliest commercial releases are\nnot and never will be compatible with anyone else\'s files.\n\n\n[6B]  If you are looking for source code to work with:\n\nFree, portable C code for JPEG compression is available from the Independent\nJPEG Group, which I lead.  A package containing our source code,\ndocumentation, and some small test files is available from several places.\nThe "official" archive site for this source code is ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9\nor 192.48.96.9).  Look under directory /graphics/jpeg; the current release\nis jpegsrc.v4.tar.Z.  (This is a compressed TAR file; don\'t forget to\nretrieve in binary mode.)  You can retrieve this file by FTP or UUCP.\nIf you are on a PC and don\'t know how to cope with .tar.Z format, you may\nprefer ZIP format, which you can find at Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE\nabove), file msdos/graphics/jpegsrc4.zip.  This file will also be available on\nCompuServe, in the GRAPHSUPPORT forum (GO PICS), library 15, as jpsrc4.zip.\nIf you have no FTP access, you can retrieve the source from your nearest\ncomp.sources.misc archive; version 4 appeared as issues 55-72 of volume 34.\n(If you don\'t know how to retrieve comp.sources.misc postings, see the FAQ\narticle "How to find sources", referred to at the top of section 6.)\n\nThe free JPEG code provides conversion between JPEG "JFIF" format and image\nfiles in GIF, PBMPLUS PPM/PGM, Utah RLE, and Truevision Targa file formats.\nThe core compression and decompression modules can easily be reused in other\nprograms, such as image viewers.  The package is highly portable; we have\ntested it on many machines ranging from PCs to Crays.\n\nWe have released this software for both noncommercial and commercial use.\nCompanies are welcome to use it as the basis for JPEG-related products.\nWe do not ask a royalty, although we do ask for an acknowledgement in\nproduct literature (see the README file in the distribution for details).\nWe hope to make this software industrial-quality --- although, as with\nanything that\'s free, we offer no warranty and accept no liability.\n\nThe Independent JPEG Group is a volunteer organization; if you\'d like to\ncontribute to improving our software, you are welcome to join.\n\n\n[7]  What\'s all this hoopla about color quantization?\n\nMost people don\'t have full-color (24 bit per pixel) display hardware.\nTypical display hardware stores 8 or fewer bits per pixel, so it can display\n256 or fewer distinct colors at a time.  To display a full-color image, the\ncomputer must map the image into an appropriate set of representative\ncolors.  This process is called "color quantization".  (This is something\nof a misnomer, "color selection" would be a better term.  We\'re stuck with\nthe standard usage though.)\n\nClearly, color quantization is a lossy process.  It turns out that for most\nimages, the details of the color quantization algorithm have MUCH more impact\non the final image quality than do any errors introduced by JPEG (except at\nthe very lowest JPEG quality settings).\n\nSince JPEG is a full-color format, converting a color JPEG image for display\non 8-bit-or-less hardware requires color quantization.  This is true for\n*all* color JPEGs: even if you feed a 256-or-less-color GIF into JPEG, what\ncomes out of the decompressor is *not* 256 colors, but thousands of colors.\nThis happens because JPEG\'s lossiness affects each pixel a little\ndifferently, so two pixels that started with identical colors will probably\ncome out with slightly different colors.  Each original color gets "smeared"\ninto a group of nearby colors.  Therefore quantization is always required to\ndisplay a color JPEG on a colormapped display, regardless of the image\nsource.  The only way to avoid quantization is to ask for gray-scale output.\n\n(Incidentally, because of this effect it\'s nearly meaningless to talk about\nthe number of colors used by a JPEG image.  Even if you attempted to count\nthe number of distinct pixel values, different JPEG decoders would give you\ndifferent results because of roundoff error differences.  I occasionally see\nposted images described as "256-color JPEG".  This tells me that the poster\n(a) hasn\'t read this FAQ and (b) probably converted the JPEG from a GIF.\nJPEGs can be classified as color or gray-scale (just like photographs), but\nnumber of colors just isn\'t a useful concept for JPEG.)\n\nOn the other hand, a GIF image by definition has already been quantized to\n256 or fewer colors.  (A GIF *does* have a definite number of colors in its\npalette, and the format doesn\'t allow more than 256 palette entries.)\nFor purposes of Usenet picture distribution, GIF has the advantage that the\nsender precomputes the color quantization, so recipients don\'t have to.\nThis is also the *disadvantage* of GIF: you\'re stuck with the sender\'s\nquantization.  If the sender quantized to a different number of colors than\nwhat you can display, you have to re-quantize, resulting in much poorer\nimage quality than if you had quantized once from a full-color image.\nFurthermore, if the sender didn\'t use a high-quality color quantization\nalgorithm, you\'re out of luck.\n\nFor this reason, JPEG offers the promise of significantly better image quality\nfor all users whose machines don\'t match the sender\'s display hardware.\nJPEG\'s full color image can be quantized to precisely match the user\'s display\nhardware.  Furthermore, you will be able to take advantage of future\nimprovements in quantization algorithms (there is a lot of active research in\nthis area), or purchase better display hardware, to get a better view of JPEG\nimages you already have.  With a GIF, you\'re stuck forevermore with what was\nsent.\n\nIt\'s also worth mentioning that many GIF-viewing programs include rather\nshoddy quantization routines.  If you view a 256-color GIF on a 16-color EGA\ndisplay, for example, you are probably getting a much worse image than you\nneed to.  This is partly an inevitable consequence of doing two color\nquantizations (one to create the GIF, one to display it), but often it\'s\nalso due to sloppiness.  JPEG conversion programs will be forced to use\nhigh quality quantizers in order to get acceptable results at all, and in\nnormal use they will quantize directly to the number of colors to be\ndisplayed.  Thus, JPEG is likely to provide better results than the average\nGIF program for low-color-resolution displays as well as high-resolution ones!\n\nFinally, an ever-growing number of people have better-than-8-bit display\nhardware already: 15-bit "hi-color" PC displays, true 24-bit displays on\nworkstations and Macintoshes, etc.  For these people, GIF is already\nobsolete, as it cannot represent an image to the full capabilities of their\ndisplay.  JPEG images can drive these displays much more effectively.\nThus, JPEG is an all-around better choice than GIF for representing images\nin a machine-independent fashion.\n\n\n[8]  How does JPEG work?\n\nThe buzz-words to know are chrominance subsampling, discrete cosine\ntransforms, coefficient quantization, and Huffman or arithmetic entropy\ncoding.  This article\'s long enough already, so I\'m not going to say more\nthan that here.  For technical information, see the comp.compression FAQ.\nThis is available from the news.answers archive at rtfm.mit.edu, in files\n/pub/usenet/news.answers/compression-faq/part[1-3].  If you need help in\nusing the news.answers archive, see the top of this article.\n\n\n[9]  What about lossless JPEG?\n\nThere\'s a great deal of confusion on this subject.  The JPEG committee did\ndefine a truly lossless compression algorithm, i.e., one that guarantees the\nfinal output is bit-for-bit identical to the original input.  However, this\nlossless mode has almost nothing in common with the regular, lossy JPEG\nalgorithm, and it offers much less compression.  At present, very few\nimplementations of lossless JPEG exist, and all of them are commercial.\n\nSaying "-Q 100" to the free JPEG software DOES NOT get you a lossless image.\nWhat it does get rid of is deliberate information loss in the coefficient\nquantization step.  There is still a good deal of information loss in the\ncolor subsampling step.  (With the V4 free JPEG code, you can also say\n"-sample 1x1" to turn off subsampling.  Keep in mind that many commercial\nJPEG implementations cannot cope with the resulting file.)\n\nEven with both quantization and subsampling turned off, the regular JPEG\nalgorithm is not lossless, because it is subject to roundoff errors in\nvarious calculations.  The maximum error is a few counts in any one pixel\nvalue; it\'s highly unlikely that this could be perceived by the human eye,\nbut it might be a concern if you are doing machine processing of an image.\n\nAt this minimum-loss setting, regular JPEG produces files that are perhaps\nhalf the size of an uncompressed 24-bit-per-pixel image.  True lossless JPEG\nprovides roughly the same amount of compression, but it guarantees\nbit-for-bit accuracy.\n\nIf you have an application requiring lossless storage of images with less\nthan 6 bits per pixel (per color component), you may want to look into the\nJBIG bilevel image compression standard.  This performs better than JPEG\nlossless on such images.  JPEG lossless is superior to JBIG on images with\n6 or more bits per pixel; furthermore, JPEG is public domain (at least with a\nHuffman back end), while the JBIG techniques are heavily covered by patents.\n\n\n[10]  Why all the argument about file formats?\n\nStrictly speaking, JPEG refers only to a family of compression algorithms;\nit does *not* refer to a specific image file format.  The JPEG committee was\nprevented from defining a file format by turf wars within the international\nstandards organizations.\n\nSince we can\'t actually exchange images with anyone else unless we agree on\na common file format, this leaves us with a problem.  In the absence of\nofficial standards, a number of JPEG program writers have just gone off to\n"do their own thing", and as a result their programs aren\'t compatible with\nanybody else\'s.\n\nThe closest thing we have to a de-facto standard JPEG format is some work\nthat\'s been coordinated by people at C-Cube Microsystems.  They have defined\ntwo JPEG-based file formats:\n  * JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format), a "low-end" format that transports\n    pixels and not much else.\n  * TIFF/JPEG, aka TIFF 6.0, an extension of the Aldus TIFF format.  TIFF is\n    a "high-end" format that will let you record just about everything you\n    ever wanted to know about an image, and a lot more besides :-).  TIFF is\n    a lot more complex than JFIF, and may well prove less transportable,\n    because different vendors have historically implemented slightly different\n    and incompatible subsets of TIFF.  It\'s not likely that adding JPEG to the\n    mix will do anything to improve this situation.\nBoth of these formats were developed with input from all the major vendors\nof JPEG-related products; it\'s reasonably likely that future commercial\nproducts will adhere to one or both standards.\n\nI believe that Usenet should adopt JFIF as the replacement for GIF in\npicture postings.  JFIF is simpler than TIFF and is available now; the\nTIFF 6.0 spec has only recently been officially adopted, and it is still\nunusably vague on some crucial details.  Even when TIFF/JPEG is well\ndefined, the JFIF format is likely to be a widely supported "lowest common\ndenominator"; TIFF/JPEG files may never be as transportable.\n\nA particular case that people may be interested in is Apple\'s QuickTime\nsoftware for the Macintosh.  QuickTime uses a JFIF-compatible format wrapped\ninside the Mac-specific PICT structure.  Conversion between JFIF and\nQuickTime JPEG is pretty straightforward, and several Mac programs are\navailable to do it (see Mac portion of section 6A).  If you have an editor\nthat handles binary files, you can strip a QuickTime JPEG PICT down to JFIF\nby hand; see section 11 for details.\n\nAnother particular case is Handmade Software\'s programs (GIF2JPG/JPG2GIF and\nImage Alchemy).  These programs are capable of reading and writing JFIF\nformat.  By default, though, they write a proprietary format developed by\nHSI.  This format is NOT readable by any non-HSI programs and should not be\nused for Usenet postings.  Use the -j switch to get JFIF output.  (This\napplies to old versions of these programs; the current releases emit JFIF\nformat by default.  You still should be careful not to post HSI-format\nfiles, unless you want to get flamed by people on non-PC platforms.)\n\n\n[11]  How do I recognize which file format I have, and what do I do about it?\n\nIf you have an alleged JPEG file that your software won\'t read, it\'s likely\nto be HSI format or some other proprietary JPEG-based format.  You can tell\nwhat you have by inspecting the first few bytes of the file:\n\n1.  A JFIF-standard file will start with the characters (hex) FF D8 FF E0,\n    followed by two variable bytes (often hex 00 10), followed by \'JFIF\'.\n\n2.  If you see FF D8 at the start, but not the rest of it, you may have a\n    "raw JPEG" file.  This is probably decodable as-is by JFIF software ---\n    it\'s worth a try, anyway.\n\n3.  HSI files start with \'hsi1\'.  You\'re out of luck unless you have HSI\n    software.  Portions of the file may look like plain JPEG data, but they\n    won\'t decompress properly with non-HSI programs.\n\n4.  A Macintosh PICT file, if JPEG-compressed, will have a couple hundred\n    bytes of header followed by a JFIF header (scan for \'JFIF\').  Strip off\n    everything before the FF D8 and you should be able to read it.\n\n5.  Anything else: it\'s a proprietary format, or not JPEG at all.  If you are\n    lucky, the file may consist of a header and a raw JPEG data stream.\n    If you can identify the start of the JPEG data stream (look for FF D8),\n    try stripping off everything before that.\n\nIn uuencoded Usenet postings, the characteristic JFIF pattern is\n\n\t"begin" line\n\tM_]C_X ...\n\nwhereas uuencoded HSI files will start with\n\n\t"begin" line\n\tM:\'-I ...\n\nIf you learn to check for the former, you can save yourself the trouble of\ndownloading non-JFIF files.\n\n\n[12]  What about arithmetic coding?\n\nThe JPEG spec defines two different "back end" modules for the final output\nof compressed data: either Huffman coding or arithmetic coding is allowed.\nThe choice has no impact on image quality, but arithmetic coding usually\nproduces a smaller compressed file.  On typical images, arithmetic coding\nproduces a file 5 or 10 percent smaller than Huffman coding.  (All the\nfile-size numbers previously cited are for Huffman coding.)\n\nUnfortunately, the particular variant of arithmetic coding specified by the\nJPEG standard is subject to patents owned by IBM, AT&T, and Mitsubishi.\nThus *you cannot legally use arithmetic coding* unless you obtain licenses\nfrom these companies.  (The "fair use" doctrine allows people to implement\nand test the algorithm, but actually storing any images with it is dubious\nat best.)\n\nAt least in the short run, I recommend that people not worry about\narithmetic coding; the space savings isn\'t great enough to justify the\npotential legal hassles.  In particular, arithmetic coding *should not*\nbe used for any images to be exchanged on Usenet.\n\nThere is some small chance that the legal situation may change in the\nfuture.  Stay tuned for further details.\n\n\n[13]  Does loss accumulate with repeated compression/decompression?\n\nIt would be nice if, having compressed an image with JPEG, you could\ndecompress it, manipulate it (crop off a border, say), and recompress it\nwithout any further image degradation beyond what you lost initially.\nUnfortunately THIS IS NOT THE CASE.  In general, recompressing an altered\nimage loses more information, though usually not as much as was lost the\nfirst time around.\n\nThe next best thing would be that if you decompress an image and recompress\nit *without changing it* then there is no further loss, i.e., you get an\nidentical JPEG file.  Even this is not true; at least, not with the current\nfree JPEG software.  It\'s essentially a problem of accumulation of roundoff\nerror.  If you repeatedly compress and decompress, the image will eventually\ndegrade to where you can see visible changes from the first-generation\noutput.  (It usually takes many such cycles to get visible change.)\nOne of the things on our to-do list is to see if accumulation of error can\nbe avoided or limited, but I am not optimistic about it.\n\nIn any case, the most that could possibly be guaranteed would be that\ncompressing the unmodified full-color output of djpeg, at the original\nquality setting, would introduce no further loss.  Even such simple changes\nas cropping off a border could cause further roundoff-error degradation.\n(If you\'re wondering why, it\'s because the pixel-block boundaries move.\nIf you cropped off only multiples of 16 pixels, you might be safe, but\nthat\'s a mighty limited capability!)\n\nThe bottom line is that JPEG is a useful format for archival storage and\ntransmission of images, but you don\'t want to use it as an intermediate\nformat for sequences of image manipulation steps.  Use a lossless format\n(PPM, RLE, TIFF, etc) while working on the image, then JPEG it when you are\nready to file it away.  Aside from avoiding degradation, you will save a lot\nof compression/decompression time this way :-).\n\n\n[14]  What are some rules of thumb for converting GIF images to JPEG?\n\nAs stated earlier, you *will* lose some amount of image information if you\nconvert an existing GIF image to JPEG.  If you can obtain the original\nfull-color data the GIF was made from, it\'s far better to make a JPEG from\nthat.  But if you need to save space and have only the GIF to work from,\nhere are some suggestions for getting maximum space savings with minimum\nloss of quality.\n\nThe first rule when converting a GIF library is to look at each JPEG, to\nmake sure you are happy with it, before throwing away the corresponding GIF;\nthat will give you a chance to re-do the conversion with a higher quality\nsetting if necessary.  Some GIFs may be better left as GIFs, as explained in\nsection 3; in particular, cartoon-type GIFs with sixteen or fewer colors\ndon\'t convert well.  You may find that a JPEG file of reasonable quality\nwill be *larger* than the GIF.  (So check the sizes too.)\n\nExperience to date suggests that large, high-visual-quality GIFs are the best\ncandidates for conversion to JPEG.  They chew up the most storage so offer\nthe most potential savings, and they convert to JPEG with least degradation.\nDon\'t waste your time converting any GIF much under 100 Kbytes.  Also, don\'t\nexpect JPEG files converted from GIFs to be as small as those created\ndirectly from full-color originals.  To maintain image quality you may have\nto let the converted files be as much as twice as big as straight-through\nJPEG files would be (i.e., shoot for 1/2 or 1/3rd the size of the GIF file,\nnot 1/4th as suggested in earlier comparisons).\n\nMany people have developed an odd habit of putting a large constant-color\nborder around a GIF image.  While useless, this was nearly free in terms of\nstorage cost in GIF files.  It is NOT free in JPEG files, and the sharp\nborder boundary can create visible artifacts ("ghost" edges).  Do yourself\na favor and crop off any border before JPEGing.  (If you are on an X Windows\nsystem, XV\'s manual and automatic cropping functions are a very painless\nway to do this.)\n\ncjpeg\'s default Q setting of 75 is appropriate for full-color input, but\nfor GIF inputs, Q settings of 85 to 95 often seem to be necessary to avoid\nimage degradation.  (If you apply smoothing as suggested below, the higher\nQ setting may not be necessary.)\n\nColor GIFs of photographs or complex artwork are usually "dithered" to fool\nyour eye into seeing more than the 256 colors that GIF can actually store.\nIf you enlarge the image, you will see that adjacent pixels are often of\nsignificantly different colors; at normal size the eye averages these pixels\ntogether to produce the illusion of an intermediate color value.  The\ntrouble with dithering is that, to JPEG, it looks like high-spatial-frequency\ncolor noise; and JPEG can\'t compress noise very well.  The resulting JPEG\nfile is both larger and of lower image quality than what you would have\ngotten from JPEGing the original full color image (if you had it).\nTo get around this, you want to "smooth" the GIF image before compression.\nSmoothing averages together nearby pixels, thus approximating the color that\nyou thought you saw anyway, and in the process getting rid of the rapid\ncolor changes that give JPEG trouble.  Appropriate use of smoothing will\noften let you avoid using a high Q factor, thus further reducing the size of\nthe compressed file, while still obtaining a better-looking output image\nthan you\'d get without smoothing.\n\nWith the V4 free JPEG software (or products based on it), a simple smoothing\ncapability is built in.  Try "-smooth 10" or so when converting GIFs.\nValues of 10 to 25 seem to work well for high-quality GIFs.  Heavy-handed\ndithering may require larger smoothing factors.  (If you can see regular\nfine-scale patterns on the GIF image even without enlargement, then strong\nsmoothing is definitely called for.)  Too large a smoothing factor will blur\nthe output image, which you don\'t want.  If you are an image processing\nwizard, you can also do smoothing with a separate filtering program, such as\npnmconvol from the PBMPLUS package.  However, cjpeg\'s built-in smoother is\na LOT faster than pnmconvol...\n\nThe upshot of all this is that "cjpeg -quality 85 -smooth 10" is probably a\ngood starting point for converting GIFs.  But if you really care about the\nimage, you\'ll want to check the results and maybe try a few other settings.\n\n\n---------------------\n\nFor more information about JPEG in general or the free JPEG software in\nparticular, contact the Independent JPEG Group at jpeg-info@uunet.uu.net.\n\n-- \n\t\t\ttom lane\n\t\t\torganizer, Independent JPEG Group\nInternet: tgl@cs.cmu.edu\tBITNET: tgl%cs.cmu.edu@carnegie\n',
  u'From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Mars Observer Update - 04/30/93\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 44\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nKeywords: Mars Observer, JPL\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nForwarded from the Mars Observer Project\n\n                       MARS OBSERVER STATUS REPORT\n                             April 30, 1993\n                              11:30 AM PDT\n\nDSS-65 (Madrid 34 meter antenna) did not acquire the expected Mars Observer\nSpacecraft signal at the scheduled beginning of track yesterday morning (4/29)\nat approximately 6:00 AM.  Indications were that the spacecraft had entered a\nFault Protection mode sometime between that time and receipt of normal\ntelemetry at the end of the previous station pass (DSS-15 - Goldstone 34\nmeter antenna) at approximately 8:00 PM the evening before.  Entry into\nContingency Mode was verified when signal was reacquired and telemetry\nindicated that the spacecraft was sun coning.  After subsystem engineers\nreported all systems performing nominally, fault protection telemetry modes\nwere reconfigured and memory readouts of command system Audit Queue and\nAACS (Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem) Starex performed.  These\nreadouts verified that Contingency Mode entry occurred shortly after 1:30 AM\nyesterday, 4/29/93.  Preliminary indications are that a Sun Ephemeris Check\nfailure triggered fault protection.  However, the Flight Team will be\ndetermining the precise cause over the next few days.\n\nAs of last evening, the spacecraft had been commanded back to Inertial\nReference and was stable in that mode.  The Flight Team is planning to\ncommand the spacecraft back to Array Normal Spin state today.\n\nMagnetometer Calibration activities had completed prior to Contingency\nMode entry.  MAG Calibration data has been recorded on Digital Tape\nRecorders 2 and 3.  Playback of DTRs 2 and 3, scheduled to be completed\nyesterday, was postponed when Contingency Mode entry halted Flight\nSequence C9 execution.  The Flight Team is developing a strategy to restart\nC9 to complete data playback.  Present planning is to perform playbacks\nbetween  as soon as Wednesday, or as late as Friday of next week (5/5-\n5/7), dependent on Contingency Mode recovery activity.  DTR playback will\nbe performed via the High Gain Antenna at 42,667 bits per second.  Upon\nverification of successful DTR playbacks, downlink will be maintained at\nthe 4K S & E rate.\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n\n',
  u'From: mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nOrganization: Texas Instruments Inc\nLines: 20\n\nIn <1993Apr28.141606.17449@lambda.msfc.nasa.gov> bday@lambda.msfc.nasa.gov (Brian Day) writes:\n\n>rdouglas@stsci.edu (Rob Douglas) writes:\n\n>>[...]  But try to land a shuttle with that big huge telescope in the \n>>back and you could have problems.  The shuttle just isn\'t designed to land \n>>with that much weight in the payload.\n\n>Is HST really _that_ much heavier than a Spacelab ???\n\nI can\'t speak to sheer mass, but part of the problem is that HST\nwasn\'t built to ever be brought back down.  It\'s not built for those\nkinds of \'jolt\' forces and there is no support cradle for it (which is\nadditional weight that would be required.\n\n-- \n"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don\'t have the balls to live\n in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don\'t speak for others and they don\'t speak for me.\n',
  u'From: jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu (James Thomas Green)\nSubject: Proton/Centaur?\nOrganization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo\nLines: 9\n\nHas anyone looked into the possiblity of a Proton/Centaur combo?\nWhat would be the benefits and problems with such a combo (other\nthan the obvious instability in the XSSR now)?\n\n\n/~~~(-: James T. Green :-)~~~~(-: jgreen@oboe.calpoly.edu :-)~~~\\ \n| "I know you believe you understand what it is that you        |   \n| think I said.  But I am not sure that you realize that        |\n| what I said is not what I meant."                             |\n',
  u'From: higgins@fnalf.fnal.gov (Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey)\nSubject: Re: Solar Sail Data\nOrganization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory\nLines: 56\nNNTP-Posting-Host: fnalf.fnal.gov\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.051746.29848@news.duc.auburn.edu>, snydefj@eng.auburn.edu (Frank J. Snyder) writes:\n> I am looking for any information concerning projects involving Solar\n>  Sails. [...]\n> Are there any groups out there currently involved in such a project ?\n\nSure.  Contact the World Space Foundation.  They\'re listed in the sci.space\nFrequently Asked Questions file, which I\'ll excerpt.\n\n    WORLD SPACE FOUNDATION - has been designing and building a solar-sail\n    spacecraft for longer than any similar group; many JPL employees lend\n    their talents to this project. WSF also provides partial funding for the\n    Palomar Sky Survey, an extremely successful search for near-Earth\n    asteroids. Publishes *Foundation News* and *Foundation Astronautics\n    Notebook*, each a quarterly 4-8 page newsletter. Contributing Associate,\n    minimum of $15/year (but more money always welcome to support projects).\n\n\tWorld Space Foundation\n\tPost Office Box Y\n\tSouth Pasadena, California 91301\n\nWSF put together a little paperback anthology of fiction and\nnonfiction about solar sails: *Project Solar Sail*.  I think Robert\nStaehle, David Brin,  or Arthur Clarke may be listed as editor.\n\nAlso there is a nontechnical book on solar sailing by Louis Friedman,\na technical one by a guy whose name escapes me (help me out, Josh),\nand I would expect that Greg Matloff and Eugene Mallove have something\nto say about the subject in *The Starflight Handbook*, as well as\nquite a few references.\n\n\nCheck the following articles in *Journal of the British Interplanetary\nSociety*:\n\nV36 p. 201-209 (1983)\nV36 p. 483-489 (1983)\nV37 p. 135-141 (1984)\nV37 p. 491-494 (1984)\nV38 p. 113-119 (1984)\nV38 p. 133-136 (1984)\n\n(Can you guess that Matloff visited Fermilab and gave me a bunch of\nreprints? I just found the file.)\n\nAnd K. Eric Drexler\'s paper "High Performance Solar Sails and Related\nReflecting Devices," AIAA paper 79-1418, probably in a book called\n*Space Manufacturing*, maybe the proceedings of the Second (?)\nConference on Space Manufacturing.  The 1979 one, at any rate.\n\nSubmarines, flying boats, robots, talking         Bill Higgins\npictures, radio, television, bouncing radar       Fermilab\nvibrations off the moon, rocket ships, and        HIGGINS@FNAL.BITNET\natom-splitting-- all in our time.  But nobody     HIGGINS@FNAL.FNAL.GOV\nhas yet been able to figure out a music           SPAN:  43011::HIGGINS\nholder for a marching piccolo player. \n                     --Meredith Willson, 1948\n',
  u'From: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\nSubject: Alt.Atheism FAQ: Constructing a Logical Argument\nSummary: Includes a list of logical fallacies\nKeywords: FAQ, atheism, argument, fallacies, logic\nExpires: Thu, 20 May 1993 10:52:14 GMT\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nSupersedes: <19930322114724@mantis.co.uk>\nLines: 632\n\nArchive-name: atheism/logic\nAlt-atheism-archive-name: logic\nLast-modified: 5 April 1993\nVersion: 1.4\n\n                       Constructing a Logical Argument\n\nAlthough there is much argument on Usenet, the general quality of argument\nfound is poor.  This article attempts to provide a gentle introduction to\nlogic, in the hope of improving the general level of debate.\n\nLogic is the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference [Concise\nOED].  Logic allows us to analyze a piece of reasoning and determine whether\nit is correct or not (valid or invalid).  Of course, one does not need to\nstudy logic in order to reason correctly; nevertheless, a little basic\nknowledge of logic is often helpful when constructing or analyzing an\nargument.\n\nNote that no claim is being made here about whether logic is universally\napplicable.  The matter is very much open for debate.  This document merely\nexplains how to use logic, given that you have already decided that logic is\nthe right tool for the job.\n\nPropositions (or statements) are the building blocks of a logical argument. A\nproposition is a statement which is either true or false; for example, "It is\nraining" or "Today is Tuesday".  Propositions may be either asserted (said to\nbe true) or denied (said to be false).  Note that this is a technical meaning\nof "deny", not the everyday meaning.\n\nThe proposition is the meaning of the statement, not the particular\narrangement of words used to express it.  So "God exists" and "There exists a\nGod" both express the same proposition.\n\nAn argument is, to quote the Monty Python sketch, "a connected series of\nstatements to establish a definite proposition".  An argument consists of\nthree stages.\n\nFirst of all, the propositions which are necessary for the argument to\ncontinue are stated.  These are called the premises of the argument.  They\nare the evidence or reasons for accepting the argument and its conclusions. \n\nPremises (or assertions) are often indicated by phrases such as "because",\n"since", "obviously" and so on.  (The phrase "obviously" is often viewed with\nsuspicion, as it can be used to intimidate others into accepting suspicious\npremises.  If something doesn\'t seem obvious to you, don\'t be afraid to\nquestion it.  You can always say "Oh, yes, you\'re right, it is obvious" when\nyou\'ve heard the explanation.)\n\nNext, the premises are used to derive further propositions by a process known\nas inference.  In inference, one proposition is arrived at on the basis of\none or more other propositions already accepted.  There are various forms of\nvalid inference.\n\nThe propositions arrived at by inference may then be used in further\ninference.  Inference is often denoted by phrases such as "implies that" or\n"therefore".\n\nFinally, we arrive at the conclusion of the argument -- the proposition which\nis affirmed on the basis of the premises and inference.  Conclusions are often\nindicated by phrases such as "therefore", "it follows that", "we conclude"\nand so on.  The conclusion is often stated as the final stage of inference.\n\nFor example:\n\nEvery event has a cause (premise)\nThe universe has a beginning (premise)\nAll beginnings involve an event (premise)\nThis implies that the beginning of the universe involved an event (inference)\nTherefore the universe has a cause (inference and conclusion)\n\nNote that the conclusion of one argument might be a premise in another\nargument.  A proposition can only be called a premise or a conclusion with\nrespect to a particular argument; the terms do not make sense in isolation.\n\nSometimes an argument will not follow the order given above; for example,\nthe conclusions might be stated first and the premises stated \nafterwards in support of the conclusion.  This is perfectly valid, if \nsometimes a little confusing.\n\nRecognizing an argument is much harder than recognizing premises or\nconclusions.  Many people shower their writing with assertions without ever\nproducing anything which one might reasonably describe as an argument.  Some\nstatements look like arguments, but are not.  For example:\n\n"If the Bible is accurate, Jesus must either have been insane, an evil liar,\n or the Son of God."\n\nThis is not an argument, it is a conditional statement.  It does not assert\nthe premises which are necessary to support what appears to be its \nconclusion.  (It also suffers from a number of other logical flaws, but we\'ll\ncome to those later.)\n\nAnother example:\n\n"God created you; therefore do your duty to God."\n\nThe phrase "do your duty to God" is not a proposition, since it is neither\ntrue nor false.  Therefore it is not a conclusion, and the sentence is not an\nargument.\n\nFinally, causality is important.  Consider a statement of the form "A because\nB".  If we\'re interested in establishing A and B is offered as evidence, the\nstatement is an argument.  If we\'re trying to establish the truth of B, then\nit is not an argument, it is an explanation.\n\nFor example:\n\n"There must be something wrong with the engine of my car, because it will not\n start." -- This is an argument.\n\n"My car will not start because there is something wrong with the engine."\n -- This is an explanation.\n\nThere are two traditional types of argument, deductive and inductive.  A\ndeductive argument is one which provides conclusive proof of its conclusions\n-- that is, an argument where if the premises are true, the conclusion must\nalso be true.  A deductive argument is either valid or invalid.  A valid\nargument is defined as one where if the premises are true, then the\nconclusion is true.\n\nAn inductive argument is one where the premises provide some evidence for the\ntruth of the conclusion.  Inductive arguments are not valid or invalid;\nhowever, we can talk about whether they are better or worse than other\narguments, and about how probable their premises are.\n\nThere are forms of argument in ordinary language which are neither deductive\nnor inductive.  However, we will concentrate for the moment on deductive\narguments, as they are often viewed as the most rigorous and convincing.\n\nIt is important to note that the fact that a deductive argument is valid does\nnot imply that its conclusion holds.  This is because of the slightly \ncounter-intuitive nature of implication, which we must now consider more\ncarefully.\n\nObviously a valid argument can consist of true propositions.  However, an\nargument may be entirely valid even if it contains only false propositions. \nFor example:\n\n   All insects have wings (premise)\n   Woodlice are insects (premise)\n   Therefore woodlice have wings (conclusion)\n\nHere, the conclusion is not true because the argument\'s premises are false. \nIf the argument\'s premises were true, however, the conclusion would be true. \nThe argument is thus entirely valid.\n\nMore subtly, we can reach a true conclusion from one or more false premises,\nas in:\n\n   All fish live in the sea (premise)\n   Dolphins are fish (premise)\n   Therefore dolphins live in the sea (conclusion)\n\nHowever, the one thing we cannot do is reach a false conclusion through valid\ninference from true premises.  We can therefore draw up a "truth table" for\nimplication.\n\nThe symbol "=>" denotes implication; "A" is the premise, "B" the conclusion. \n"T" and "F" represent true and false respectively.\n\nPremise Conclusion Inference\n   A        B        A=>B\n----------------------------\n   F        F         T      If the premises are false and the inference\n   F        T         T      valid, the conclusion can be true or false.\n\n   T        F         F      If the premises are true and the conclusion\n                             false, the inference must be invalid.\n\n   T        T         T      If the premises are true and the inference valid,\n                             the conclusion must be true.\n\nA sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are true.  A sound \nargument therefore arrives at a true conclusion.  Be careful not to confuse\nvalid arguments with sound arguments.\n\nTo delve further into the structure of logical arguments would require\nlengthy discussion of linguistics and philosophy.  It is simpler and probably\nmore useful to summarize the major pitfalls to be avoided when constructing\nan argument.  These pitfalls are known as fallacies.\n\nIn everyday English the term "fallacy" is used to refer to mistaken beliefs\nas well as to the faulty reasoning that leads to those beliefs.  This is fair\nenough, but in logic the term is generally used to refer to a form of\ntechnically incorrect argument, especially if the argument appears valid or\nconvincing.\n\nSo for the purposes of this discussion, we define a fallacy as a logical\nargument which appears to be correct, but which can be seen to be incorrect\nwhen examined more closely.  By studying fallacies we aim to avoid being\nmisled by them.  The following list of fallacies is not intended to be\nexhaustive.\n\nARGUMENTUM AD BACULUM (APPEAL TO FORCE)\n\nThe Appeal to Force is committed when the arguer resorts to force or the\nthreat of force in order to try and push the acceptance of a conclusion.  It\nis often used by politicians, and can be summarized as "might makes right". \nThe force threatened need not be a direct threat from the arguer.\n\nFor example:\n"... Thus there is ample proof of the truth of the Bible.  All those who\nrefuse to accept that truth will burn in Hell."\n\nARGUMENTUM AD HOMINEM\n\nArgumentum ad hominem is literally "argument directed at the man".\n\nThe Abusive variety of Argumentum ad Hominem occurs when, instead of trying\nto disprove the truth of an assertion, the arguer attacks the person or\npeople making the assertion.  This is invalid because the truth of an\nassertion does not depend upon the goodness of those asserting it.\n\nFor example:\n"Atheism is an evil philosophy.  It is practised by Communists and murderers."\n\nSometimes in a court of law doubt is cast upon the testimony of a witness by \nshowing, for example, that he is a known perjurer.  This is a valid way of\nreducing the credibility of the testimony given by the witness, and not\nargumentum ad hominem; however, it does not demonstrate that the witness\'s\ntestimony is false.  To conclude otherwise is to fall victim of the\nArgumentum ad Ignorantiam (see elsewhere in this list).\n\nThe circumstantial form of Argumentum ad Hominem is committed when a person\nargues that his opponent ought to accept the truth of an assertion because of\nthe opponent\'s particular circumstances.\n\nFor example:\n"It is perfectly acceptable to kill animals for food.  How can you argue\notherwise when you\'re quite happy to wear leather shoes?"\n\nThis is an abusive charge of inconsistency, used as an excuse for dismissing\nthe opponent\'s argument.\n\nThis fallacy can also be used as a means of rejecting a conclusion.  For \nexample:\n\n"Of course you would argue that positive discrimination is a bad thing. \nYou\'re white."\n\nThis particular form of Argumentum ad Hominem, when one alleges that one\'s\nadversary is rationalizing a conclusion formed from selfish interests, is\nalso known as "poisoning the well".\n\nARGUMENTUM AD IGNORANTIUM\n\nArgumentum ad ignorantium means "argument from ignorance".  This fallacy\noccurs whenever it is argued that something must be true simply because it\nhas not been proved false.  Or, equivalently, when it is argued that\nsomething must be false because it has not been proved true.  (Note that this\nis not the same as assuming that something is false until it has been proved\ntrue, a basic scientific principle.)\n\nExamples:\n"Of course the Bible is true.  Nobody can prove otherwise."\n\n"Of course telepathy and other psychic phenomena do not exist.  Nobody has\nshown any proof that they are real."\n\nNote that this fallacy does not apply in a court of law, where one is\ngenerally assumed innocent until proven guilty.\n\nAlso, in scientific investigation if it is known that an event would produce\ncertain evidence of its having occurred, the absence of such evidence can \nvalidly be used to infer that the event did not occur.  For example:\n\n"A flood as described in the Bible would require an enormous volume of water\nto be present on the earth.  The earth does not have a tenth as much water,\neven if we count that which is frozen into ice at the poles.  Therefore no\nsuch flood occurred."\n\nIn science, we can validly assume from lack of evidence that something has\nnot occurred.  We cannot conclude with certainty that it has not occurred,\nhowever.\n\nARGUMENTUM AD MISERICORDIAM\n\nThis is the Appeal to Pity, also known as Special Pleading.  The fallacy is \ncommitted when the arguer appeals to pity for the sake of getting a \nconclusion accepted.  For example:\n\n"I did not murder my mother and father with an axe.  Please don\'t find me\nguilty; I\'m suffering enough through being an orphan."\n\nARGUMENTUM AD POPULUM\n\nThis is known as Appealing to the Gallery, or Appealing to the People.  To\ncommit this fallacy is to attempt to win acceptance of an assertion by\nappealing to a large group of people.  This form of fallacy is often\ncharacterized by emotive language.  For example:\n\n"Pornography must be banned.  It is violence against women."\n\n"The Bible must be true.  Millions of people know that it is.  Are you trying\nto tell them that they are all mistaken fools?"\n\nARGUMENTUM AD NUMERAM\n\nThis fallacy is closely related to the argumentum ad populum.  It consists of\nasserting that the more people who support or believe a proposition, the more\nlikely it is that that proposition is correct.\n\nARGUMENTUM AD VERECUNDIAM\n\nThe Appeal to Authority uses the admiration of the famous to try and win\nsupport for an assertion.  For example:\n\n"Isaac Newton was a genius and he believed in God."\n\nThis line of argument is not always completely bogus; for example, reference\nto an admitted authority in a particular field may be relevant to a\ndiscussion of that subject.  For example, we can distinguish quite clearly\nbetween:\n\n"Stephen Hawking has concluded that black holes give off radiation"\nand\n"John Searle has concluded that it is impossible to build an intelligent\n computer"\n\nHawking is a physicist, and so we can reasonably expect his opinions on black\nhole radiation to be informed.  Searle is a linguist, so it is questionable \nwhether he is well-qualified to speak on the subject of machine intelligence.\n\nTHE FALLACY OF ACCIDENT\n\nThe Fallacy of Accident is committed when a general rule is applied to a\nparticular case whose "accidental" circumstances mean that the rule is\ninapplicable.  It is the error made when one goes from the general to the\nspecific.  For example:\n\n"Christians generally dislike atheists.  You are a Christian, so you must\ndislike atheists."\n\nThis fallacy is often committed by moralists and legalists who try to decide\nevery moral and legal question by mechanically applying general rules.\n\nCONVERSE ACCIDENT / HASTY GENERALIZATION\n\nThis fallacy is the reverse of the fallacy of accident.  It occurs when one\nforms a general rule by examining only a few specific cases which are not\nrepresentative of all possible cases.\n\nFor example:\n"Jim Bakker was an insincere Christian.  Therefore all Christians are\ninsincere."\n\nSWEEPING GENERALIZATION / DICTO SIMPLICITER\n\nA sweeping generalization occurs when a general rule is applied to a\nparticular situation in which the features of that particular situation\nrender the rule inapplicable.  A sweeping generalization is the opposite of a\nhasty generalization.\n\nNON CAUSA PRO CAUSA / POST HOC ERGO PROPTER HOC\n\nThese are known as False Cause fallacies.\n\nThe fallacy of Non Causa Pro Causa occurs when one identifies something as the\ncause of an event but it has not actually been shown to be the cause.  For \nexample:\n\n"I took an aspirin and prayed to God, and my headache disappeared.  So God\ncured me of the headache."\n\nThe fallacy of Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc occurs when something is assumed to\nbe the cause of an event merely because it happened before the event.  For \nexample:\n\n"The Soviet Union collapsed after taking up atheism.  Therefore we must avoid\natheism for the same reasons."\n\nCUM HOC ERGO PROPTER HOC\n\nThis fallacy is similar to post hoc ergo propter hoc.  It asserts that\nbecause two events occur together, they must be causally related, and leaves\nno room for other factors that may be the cause(s) of the events.\n\nPETITIO PRINCIPII\n\nThis fallacy occurs when the premises are at least as questionable as the\nconclusion reached.\n\nCIRCULUS IN DEMONSTRANDO\n\nThis fallacy occurs when one assumes as a premise the conclusion which one\nwishes to reach.  Often, the proposition will be rephrased so that the\nfallacy appears to be a valid argument.  For example:\n\n"Homosexuals must not be allowed to hold government office.  Hence any\ngovernment official who is revealed to be a homosexual will lose his job. \nTherefore homosexuals will do anything to hide their secret, and will be open\nto blackmail.  Therefore homosexuals cannot be allowed to hold government\noffice."\n\nNote that the argument is entirely circular; the premise is the same as the \nconclusion.  An argument like the above has actually been cited as the reason\nfor the British Secret Services\' official ban on homosexual employees. \nAnother example is the classic:\n\n"We know that God exists because the Bible tells us so.  And we know that the\nBible is true because it is the word of God."\n\nCOMPLEX QUESTION / FALLACY OF INTERROGATION\n\nThis is the Fallacy of Presupposition.  One example is the classic loaded \nquestion:\n\n"Have you stopped beating your wife?"\n\nThe question presupposes a definite answer to another question which has not\neven been asked.  This trick is often used by lawyers in cross-examination,\nwhen they ask questions like:\n\n"Where did you hide the money you stole?"\n\nSimilarly, politicians often ask loaded questions such as:\n\n"How long will this EC interference in our affairs be allowed to continue?"\nor\n"Does the Chancellor plan two more years of ruinous privatization?"\n\nIGNORATIO ELENCHI\n\nThe fallacy of Irrelevant Conclusion consists of claiming that an argument \nsupports a particular conclusion when it is actually logically nothing to do\nwith that conclusion.\n\nFor example, a Christian may begin by saying that he will argue that the\nteachings of Christianity are undoubtably true.  If he then argues at length\nthat Christianity is of great help to many people, no matter how well he\nargues he will not have shown that Christian teachings are true.\n\nSadly, such fallacious arguments are often successful because they arouse\nemotions which cause others to view the supposed conclusion in a more\nfavourable light.\n\nEQUIVOCATION\n\nEquivocation occurs when a key word is used with two or more different\nmeanings in the same argument.  For example:\n\n"What could be more affordable than free software?  But to make sure that it\nremains free, that users can do what they like with it, we must place a\nlicense on it to make sure that will always be freely redistributable."\n\nAMPHIBOLY\n\nAmphiboly occurs when the premises used in an argument are ambiguous because\nof careless or ungrammatical phrasing.\n\nACCENT\n\nAccent is another form of fallacy through shifting meaning.  In this case,\nthe meaning is changed by altering which parts of a statement are\nemphasized.  For example, consider:\n\n"We should not speak ILL of our friends"\nand\n"We should not speak ill of our FRIENDS"\n\nFALLACIES OF COMPOSITION\n\nOne fallacy of composition is to conclude that a property shared by the parts\nof something must apply to the whole.  For example:\n\n"The bicycle is made entirely of low mass components, and is therefore very \nlightweight."\n\nThe other fallacy of composition is to conclude that a property of a number\nof individual items is shared by a collection of those items.  For example:\n\n"A car uses less petrol and causes less pollution than a bus.  Therefore cars\nare less environmentally damaging than buses."\n\nFALLACY OF DIVISION\n\nThe fallacy of division is the opposite of the fallacy of composition.  Like\nits opposite, it exists in two varieties.  The first is to assume that a\nproperty of some thing must apply to its parts.  For example:\n\n"You are studying at a rich college.  Therefore you must be rich."\n\nThe other is to assume that a property of a collection of items is shared by\neach item.  For example:\n\n"Ants can destroy a tree.  Therefore this ant can destroy a tree."\n\nTHE SLIPPERY SLOPE ARGUMENT\n\nThis argument states that should one event occur, so will other harmful\nevents.  There is no proof made that the harmful events are caused by the\nfirst event.\n\nFor example:\n"If we legalize marijuana, then we would have to legalize crack and heroin\nand we\'ll have a nation full of drug-addicts on welfare.  Therefore we cannot\nlegalize marijuana."\n\n"A IS BASED ON B" FALLACIES / "IS A TYPE OF" FALLACIES\n\nThese fallacies occur when one attempts to argue that things are in some way\nsimilar without actually specifying in what way they are similar.\n\nExamples:\n"Isn\'t history based upon faith?  If so, then isn\'t the Bible also a form of\nhistory?"\n\n"Islam is based on faith, Christianity is based on faith, so isn\'t Islam a\nform of Christianity?"\n\n"Cats are a form of animal based on carbon chemistry, dogs are a form of\nanimal based on carbon chemistry, so aren\'t dogs a form of cat?"\n\nAFFIRMATION OF THE CONSEQUENT\n\nThis fallacy is an argument of the form "A implies B, B is true, therefore A\nis true".  To understand why it is a fallacy, examine the truth table for\nimplication given earlier.\n\nDENIAL OF THE ANTECEDENT\n\nThis fallacy is an argument of the form "A implies B, A is false, therefore B\nis false".  Again, the truth table for implication makes it clear why this is\na fallacy.\n\nNote that this fallacy is different from Non Causa Pro Causa; the latter has\nthe form "A implies B, A is false, therefore B is false", where A does NOT in\nfact imply B at all.  Here, the problem is not that the implication is\ninvalid; rather it is that the falseness of A does not allow us to deduce\nanything about B.\n\nCONVERTING A CONDITIONAL\n\nThis fallacy is an argument of the form "If A then B, therefore if B then A".\n\nARGUMENTUM AD ANTIQUITAM\n\nThis is the fallacy of asserting that something is right or good simply\nbecause it is old, or because "that\'s the way it\'s always been."\n\nARGUMENTUM AD NOVITAM\n\nThis is the opposite of the argumentum ad antiquitam; it is the fallacy of\nasserting that something is more correct simply because it is new or newer\nthan something else.\n\nARGUMENTUM AD CRUMENAM\n\nThe fallacy of believing that money is a criterion of correctness; that those\nwith more money are more likely to be right.\n\nARGUMENTUM AD LAZARUM\n\nThe fallacy of assuming that because someone is poor he or she is sounder or\nmore virtuous than one who is wealthier.  This fallacy is the opposite of the\nargumentum ad crumenam.\n\nARGUMENTUM AD NAUSEAM\n\nThis is the incorrect belief that an assertion is more likely to be true the\nmore often it is heard.  An "argumentum ad nauseum" is one that employs\nconstant repetition in asserting something.\n\nBIFURCATION\n\nAlso referred to as the "black and white" fallacy, bifurcation occurs when\none presents a situation as having only two alternatives, where in fact other\nalternatives exist or can exist.\n\nPLURIUM INTERROGATIONUM / MANY QUESTIONS\n\nThis fallacy occurs when a questioner demands a simple answer to a complex\nquestion.\n\nNON SEQUITUR\n\nA non-sequitur is an argument where the conclusion is drawn from premises\nwhich are not logically connected with it.\n\nRED HERRING\n\nThis fallacy is committed when irrelevant material is introduced to the issue\nbeing discussed, so that everyone\'s attention is diverted away from the\npoints being made, towards a different conclusion.\n\nREIFICATION / HYPOSTATIZATION\n\nReification occurs when an abstract concept is treated as a concrete thing.\n\nSHIFTING THE BURDEN OF PROOF\n\nThe burden of proof is always on the person making an assertion or\nproposition.  Shifting the burden of proof, a special case of argumentum ad\nignorantium, is the fallacy of putting the burden of proof on the person who\ndenies or questions the assertion being made.  The source of the fallacy is\nthe assumption that something is true unless proven otherwise.\n\nSTRAW MAN\n\nThe straw man fallacy is to misrepresent someone else\'s position so that it\ncan be attacked more easily, then to knock down that misrepresented position,\nthen to conclude that the original position has been demolished.  It is a\nfallacy because it fails to deal with the actual arguments that have been\nmade.\n\nTHE EXTENDED ANALOGY\n\nThe fallacy of the Extended Analogy often occurs when some suggested general\nrule is being argued over.  The fallacy is to assume that mentioning two \ndifferent situations, in an argument about a general rule, constitutes a \nclaim that those situations are analogous to each other.\n\nThis fallacy is best explained using a real example from a debate about \nanti-cryptography legislation:\n\n"I believe it is always wrong to oppose the law by breaking it."\n\n"Such a position is odious: it implies that you would not have supported\n Martin Luther King."\n\n"Are you saying that cryptography legislation is as important as the\n struggle for Black liberation?  How dare you!"\n\nTU QUOQUE\n\nThis is the famous "you too" fallacy.  It occurs when an action is argued to\nbe acceptable because the other party has performed it.  For instance:\n\n"You\'re just being randomly abusive."\n"So?  You\'ve been abusive too."\n\n\xff\n',
  u'From: ajackson@cch.coventry.ac.uk (Alan Jackson)\nSubject: MPEG Location\nNntp-Posting-Host: cc_sysh\nOrganization: Coventry University\nLines: 11\n\n\nCan anyone tell me where to find a MPEG viewer (either DOS or\nWindows).\n\nThanks in advance.\n\n-- \nAlan M. Jackson      Mail : ajackson@cch.cov.ac.uk\n\n     Liverpool Football Club - Simply The Best\n              "You\'ll Never Walk Alone"\n',
  u'From: ARowatt@massey.ac.nz (A.J. Rowatt)\nSubject: Page flipping in VGA 320x200x256 mode.\nOrganization: Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand\nX-Reader: NETNEWS/PC Version 2c\nLines: 12\n\nHelp!\nHow do you write to the second bank/page of memory when in VGA\n320x200x256 colour mode?. ie: to perform page flipping animation\nand buffering of the screen.\n     I have tried using the Map Mask Registers, but this does not\nperform the required task (Although it does do something).\n\nNote: It *must* be able to work on a standard VGA (ie: not\nnecessarily a SVGA card).\n\nMany thanx in advance...\nAndrew\n',
  u'From: christen@astro.ocis.temple.edu (Carl Christensen)\nSubject: Re: Where did the hacker ethic go?\nOrganization: Temple University\nLines: 14\nNntp-Posting-Host: astro.ocis.temple.edu\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\n\nI think the main reason is that in the good old hacker days of the young(er)\nGates\' and Jobs\' of the world, the computer was not as widespread a\nphenomenom as it is now.  With the increased popularity of the PC\ncome a plethora of mundane business uses which required more practical\nminded and narrower-focused programmers.\n\nWhy be a hacker when you can get a good job programming databases or\nprograms for accountants?  Basically, the yuppies caught up and\ndisciplined the hackers, and molded them in their own image.\n\n--\nCarl Christensen                /~~\\_/~\\        ,,,  Dept. of Computer Science\nchristen@astro.ocis.temple.edu |  #=#==========#   | Temple University        \n"Curiouser and curiouser!" - LC \\__/~\\_/        ```  Philadelphia, PA  USA   \n',
  u'From: dsnyder@falcon.aamrl.wpafb.af.mil\nSubject: Re: Real Time Graphics??\nDistribution: na\nOrganization: USAF AL/CFH, WPAFB, Dayton, OH\nLines: 27\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.114428.2061@falcon.aamrl.wpafb.af.mil>, dsnyder@falcon.aamrl.wpafb.af.mil writes:\n> In article <C4vA9r.KK7@taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil>, stockel@oahu.oc.nps.navy.mil (Jim Stockel) writes:\n>> Hi,\n>> \n>> \n\n\n Opps!  typed in the phone numbers wrong.  Here are the correct numbers.\n\n> \n>   For a commerical package try WAVE from  Precision Visuals\n\n\n                                            303-530-9000\n\n> \n>   For a free package try KHOROS from University of New Mexico\n\n\n                                       505-277-6563\n\n\n>                                    ftp from\n>                               ptrg.eece.unm.edu\n> \n>     Login in anonyomus or ftp  with a valid email address as the password\n>                cd /pub/khoros/release\n',
  u'From: kiki@PROBLEM_WITH_INEWS_GATEWAY_FILE (Keith Baccki)\nSubject: Re: 48-bit graphics...\nOrganization: Computer Science Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA\nLines: 29\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\n\nWonko the Sane (oehler@yar.cs.wisc.edu) wrote:\n\n: \tI was recently talking to a possible employer ( mine! :-) ) and he made a reference to a\n: 48-bit graphics computer/image processing system.  I seem to remember it being called IMAGE or\n: something akin to that.  Anyway, he claimed it had 48-bit color + a 12-bit alpha channel.  That\'s\n: 60 bits of info--what could that possibly be for?  Specifically the 48-bit color?  That\'s 280\n: trillion colors, many more than the human eye can resolve.  Is this an anti-aliasing thing?  Or\n: is this just some magic number to make it work better with a certain processor.\n\n\n\tI\'m pretty sure most industry strength image processing specific \nsystems (i.e. photo processing gear) use as much as 96 bits of color info.\nWhy? Why not, oversampling is never a bad idea especially if the\nhardware\'s only task is image manipulation, and profressional photographers\ndemand professional results.\n\n: \tAlso, to settle a bet with my roommate, what are SGI\'s flagship products?  I know of\n: Iris, Indigo, and Crimson, but what are the other ones, and which is their top-of-the-line?\n: (sadly, I have access to none of them.  Just a DEC 5000/25.  Sigh.)\n\n\tStrange question, but anyway, there\'s the VGX line, the newer\nIndigo^2, and the Onyx systems are the new big boys on the block (you\ncan get a 24 processor system with twice the graphics performance of\na reality engine). There\'s more, but I don\'t have my handy "periodic \ntable of sgi\'s" on me...\n\n\n\t\t\tKeith\n\n',
  u'From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Re: ASTRONAUTS---What does weightlessness feel like?\nKeywords: weightlessness\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41\n\nIn article <1993Apr29.121501@is.morgan.com>, jlieb@is.morgan.com (Jerry Liebelson) writes...\n> I want to know what weightlessness actually FEELS like. For example, is\n>there a constant sensation of falling? \n\nYes, weightlessness does feel like falling.  It may feel strange at first,\nbut the body does adjust.  The feeling is not too different from that\nof sky diving.\n\n>And what is the motion sickness\n>that some astronauts occasionally experience? \n\nIt is the body\'s reaction to a strange environment.  It appears to be induced\npartly to physical discomfort and part to mental distress.  Some people are \nmore prone to it than others, like some people are more prone to get sick \non a roller coaster ride than others.  The mental part is usually induced by \na lack of clear indication of which way is up or down, ie: the Shuttle is \nnormally oriented with its cargo bay pointed towards Earth, so the Earth \n(or ground) is "above" the head of the astronauts.  About 50% of the astronauts \nexperience some form of motion sickness, and NASA has done numerous tests in \nspace to try to see how to keep the number of occurances down.\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n',
  u'From: dclunie@pax.tpa.com.au (David Clunie)\nSubject: Re: Easy to translate JPEG code...\nOrganization: Her Master\'s Voice\nLines: 22\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: dclunie@pax.tpa.com.au\nNNTP-Posting-Host: britt.pax.tpa.com.au\n\nIn article 1rfsqbINNc2p@shelley.u.washington.edu, stusoft@hardy.u.washington.edu (Stuart Denman) writes:\n\n>Does anyone out there have any JPEG decompression code in pretty much any\n>language that I can read and understand?  I have trouble understanding the\n>JPEG Group\'s code that I got from an FTP site.  If any one can send me\n>some good code, I will appreciate it a lot!  Thanks!\n\nThe problem is that the process is inherently complicated ! The IJG\'s code is\npretty good if you ask me, and I have watched it go through many many cycles of\nrevision.\n\nTry getting a good book on the subject, that will explain the algorithms.\n\nSpecifically "JPEG Still Image Compression Standard" by Pennebaker & Mitchell,\nVNR 1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1.\n\nBTW. I presume your comment about "good" code wasn\'t meant to sound as offensive\nas it does.\n\n---\nDavid A. Clunie (dclunie@pax.tpa.com.au)\n\n',
  u"From: dmeier@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (Douglas Meier)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nKeywords: Success\nNntp-Posting-Host: casbah.acns.nwu.edu\nOrganization: Northwestern University, Evanston IL\nLines: 5\n\n-- \nDouglas C. Meier\t\t|  You can't play Electro-magnetic Golf\nNorthwestern University, ACNS \t|  according to the rules of Centrifugal\nThis University is too Commie-\t|  Bumblepuppy. -Huxley, Brave New World\nLib Pinko to have these views.\t|  dmeier@casbah.acns.nwu.edu\n",
  u'From: gnb@leo.bby.com.au (Gregory N. Bond)\nSubject: Re: Area Rule (was Re: Space Research Spin Off)\nArticle-I.D.: bby.1993Apr6.064720.6920\n\t<1pnuke$idn@access.digex.net> <SHAFER.93Apr4200752@ra.dfrf.nasa.gov>\n\t<1ppm7j$ip@access.digex.net> <1993Apr5.133619.1@fnalf.fnal.gov>\nOrganization: Burdett, Buckeridge & Young, Melbourne, Australia\nLines: 9\nIn-Reply-To: higgins@fnalf.fnal.gov\'s message of 5 Apr 93 13:36:19 -0600\nNntp-Posting-Host: leo-gw\n\nCan somebody elaborate on "Area Ruling".  I gather it\'s something to\ndo with aerodynamics of trans-sonic planes, and can be summarised as\n"Coke bottle good, Coke can bad".  Anyone provide more details,\nderivation etc?\n--\nGregory Bond <gnb@bby.com.au> Burdett Buckeridge & Young Ltd Melbourne Australia\n   Knox\'s 386 is slick.            Fox in Sox, on Knox\'s Box\n   Knox\'s box is very quick.       Plays lots of LSL. He\'s sick!\n(Apologies to John "Iron Bar" Mackin.)\n',
  u'From: dingebre@imp.sim.es.com (David Ingebretsen)\nSubject: Re: images of earth\nOrganization: Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp., Salt Lake City, UT\nLines: 20\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: dingebre@imp.sim.es.com (David Ingebretsen)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: imp.sim.es.com\n\nI downloaded an image of the earth re-constructed from elevation data taken\nat 1/2 degree increments. The author (not me) wrote some c-code (included)\nthat read in the data file and generated b&w and pseudo color images. They\nwork very well and are not incumbered by copyright. They are at an aminet\nsite near you called earth.lha in the amiga/pix/misc area...\n\nI refer you to the included docs for the details on how the author (sorry, I\nforget his name) created these images. The raw data is not included.\n\n-- \n\tDavid\n\n\tDavid M. Ingebretsen\n\tEvans & Sutherland Computer Corp.\n\tdingebre@thunder.sim.es.com\n\n\tDisclaimer: The content of this message in no way reflects the\n\t            opinions of my employer, nor are my actions\n\t\t    encouraged, supported, or acknowledged by my\n\t\t    employer.\n',
  u'From: dmcaloon@tuba.calpoly.edu (David McAloon)\nSubject: PLANETS STILL: IMAGES ORBIT BY ETHER TWIST\nOrganization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo\nLines: 234\n\n ETHER IMPLODES 2 EARTH CORE, IS GRAVITY!!!\n\n  This paper BOTH describes how heavenly bodys can be stationary, \nether sucking structures, AND why we observe "orbital" motion!!\n\n  Ether, the theoretical propogation media of electro-magnetic \nwaves, was concluded not to exist, based on the results of the \nMichelson-Moreley experiment conducted a century ago. \n\n  I propose that those conclusions are flawed, based on the fact \nthat the experiment was designed to look for a flow parallel to the \nearth\'s surface, not perpindicular. (Due to the prevailing assumption \nthat the earth traveled through the ether as a ball through the wind)\n\n  The reversal of the that conclusion, a pivotal keystone in the \ndevelopment of modern scientific thought, could have ramifications \nof BIBLICAL proportions through out the WORLD!!\n\n  REMEMBER: Einstien said Imagination is greater than knowledge!!\n\n  \n1\n  I dream like this: ether based reality\n \n  The ether is like a fluid out of phase with our reality. Creations \nstart as a lattice placed into the ether. Given a spin, the lattices\nboth drag the fluid, like a margarita blender, and ingest it, \nconverting it, distilling localized mass, time and energy. \n(non-spinning lattice = "dark matter")\n\n  The earth isn\'t exactly spinning, around the sun. Picture an image \nof a galaxy; we haven\'t any videos of them spinning. Picture us \nbeing stationary, and the sun\'s image being dragged across the sky by \nthe spinning ether field. (Picture an onion, each layer of which is \nspinning a little faster than the next. A thread shot at the inner \nkernel would be stretched diagonally sideways, its head being in a \nfaster shell than its tail, until it finally intersected the ground \nof the inner kernel, its direction vector being straight down, but \nits "foot print" being a line, not a point. [sunrise, sunset])\n  \n  The moon isn\'t exactly orbiting us. It is a parasite, (non self \nspin sustaining ) being dragged in the earth\'s ether field, which is \nitself in the sun\'s much more powerful field. Our seasons are the \nwobble of earth\'s axis, like a top slowing down. The "orbit" of the\nearth around the sun is all of the stars\' images being dragged around\nby the sun\'s ether feild.\n\n  The earth, moon and sun are about the same size and "distance" \napart. Its just that the time between them varies greatly, because \nthe "path" is not the same. The moon\'s lattice in the ether is like \nsticking a fork in a plate of spaghetti and giving the plate a half \nturn. The sun\'s lattice has so much spin that its like the fork has \ngot the whole plate of noodles wound up. The piece of light going to \nthe moon can slide down the spaghetti and maybe make a "j" hook at \nthe end. The piece of light going to the sun has to go around the \nwhole plate, like a needle in a record, before it gets there. \n\n  With a pencil, compass, and rule, draw a diagram of how the moon \ncan be about as big as "earth\'s" shadow upon it, and at other times \ntotally eclipse the sun. Look in the sky. except for your Knowledge, \nwould you guess that they are about the same size, just because they \nlook about the same size?\n\n   O .     - -                 E     O   O   O   S\n E       /     \\            \n    M    |      |      OR                M    \n         \\ _ _ /                         \n       S                           \n       \n  The full moon, quarter moon etc. is the difference between rate\nof ether spins. What we are looking at is a rotating "turntable view" \nof the moon, only half of which is facing the sun. ( I\'ve seen a \nhalf moon within about 120 degrees (of sky) of the sun, during the \nday. Try and draw that "earth shadow.") Its only the moon\'s image \nwhich appears to orbit us. No matter where it is, the light part is \nthe part facing the sun, and the dark part is the half facing away \nfrom the sun, even when it appears to be behind us.\n\n  "Light-Years" between galaxies is a misnomer. The distance is \ncloser to zero, as time and matter are characteristics of this phase \nof reality, which dissipates outward with each layer of the onion. \n(defining edge = 0 ether spin) What we are seeing could be \nessentially happening now. The "piece" of light may have experienced \nmany years, but the trip could be very quick, our time.\n\n  To time travel or warp space I might consider learning to \nde-spin myself. (phase out my mass) Good luck trying to design \na propulsion system to drag around a space-time locality. (its like \ntrying to move a balloon by shooting a squirt gun from within)\n\n  To find out about all of this, I recommend studying history. I\'d \nlook in the book of life. (or holy grail etc.) Brain waves just \nmight carry decipherable data. I\'d start looking on some part of the \nspectra said to be unusable, due to all the background noise. (4+ \nbillion humans?) I\'d totally isolate myself, record me thinking DOG \nbackwards, and learn to read what I got. (Microsoft Holy Grail card \nfor Pentium!)\n\n  Next, concluding that my thoughts were recorded on a non time-bound \nmedia, the ether, and that it is I who move forward (in time). I \nwould try to temporarily locally reverse the flow, (of time, which \nI\'d start looking for as flowing opposite magnetism, pole to pole. \n[Why not?]) perhaps by passing a LARGE, FLAT DC current through a \ntwo foot diameter. coil or choke or something, and seeing what I \ncould get with my machine\'s receiver next to it.  \n\n  If you don\'t think you\'ll live to see it, consider this: QUIT \nPUTTING THE REPRODUCTIVE KEYS OF OTHER LIFE IN YOUR BODY! All of \nlife\'s data could be written on the wind, (ether) not just our \nthoughts. DNA could be a little receiver or file access code. By \neating SEEDS, we could be jamming our reception, or receiving plant \ninstructions. Try eating seed bearing fruit. Maybe those Greek or \nbiblical guys did live hundreds of years. I\'m curios to see what \nthey did and ate. Don\'t worry if your hair stops growing. (Maybe we \ndon\'t need to eat at all, the cosmos are formed from nothing, and \nthat is creating matter! I only need enough to bounce around. Where \ndid the household concept \'immortal\' come from? Wheat is a weed, it \nis programmed to pull from the soil, reproduce like hell, and then \ndie)\n\n  Warning about writing to the past:\nI had a little dream of being in a world, in the near parallel \nfuture, lying along a path of history which we have diverged from. \nThere were; twelve telepathic, glowing beings, who looked like an \nOscar award and who had always been, a dark one who looked like us, \nand then myself. The dark one was in the process of making the \nothers into gods, (he had to teach them what that meant) by \n"advising" them in their past. Basically, he manipulated them into \nreproducing, and raising their children on his seed. He said that \nthe little ones who looked different were a sub-species, meant to \nprovide service. He carefully combed through history, rewriting it \nin his favor, pulling like a weed anything that compromised his \ncontrol. He enticed recruits by sending them his visions, saying \nthat there was immortality at the end of the road for only twelve \nsouls: kill or be killed. The amount of control he could exert was \nfinite, though, as at every change he made, a void would appear in \nour reality. The universe one day ended 100 meters from us: it \nseemed odd, but we couldn\'t remember how else it should be. Then \nsome of the twelve were no more. Finally, when he could prune no \nmore, and reality stopped just beyond his fingertips, he stepped \nthrough his portal to the past, to bask, over and over, in all that \nhe had created. I made a few more changes, and lost my body, \nexisting only on the wind. \n\n  MORAL: Its very possible to eliminate from your reality the souls \nwhose will\'s are not in harmony with yours (Golden Rule - treat \nothers as you wish to be treated) I.E., you could end up along a \nlonely thread of time with murderers or flowery brown-nosers for \nplaymates. (its not eternal, there\'s more than one way back) \n\n Accepting rides to the past:\nOnce here, the one who looks like us sells rides, he can make you a \nPrince, or a Queen, or you can live as a god in ancient Greece. Go \nahead, repeat the third grade as often as you like, Adam henry. \nI Hope you like inspecting your socks. Careful though, if he likes \nyour work, but thinks you\'re getting wise, he can direct you to cross \npaths with your old self, and you\'ll vanish as you rewrite your own \ncourse of history, none the wiser.\n\n  As we pass the point along the parallel line where he stepped \nback in time, his hierarchy will lose its direction. He can still \nmake changes while he\'s here, its just that that is work, and with \nevery \'adjustment\', this becomes less the world he cultivated, which \nloosens his grip, and his organization is suddenly one branch less. \nBut he can\'t see the change. The basic nature of man is good. He had \nto apply his hand to achieve his world. As he now tightens his hand \nto retain what he built, the more sand slips through his fingers. \n\n  How about public computer access to the I.R.S. ? Its our country, \nour money, and they\'re spending it on us, RIGHT? Imagine this: \nWashington marks the next cost at 8, IRS collects 10, gives 5 to \ncongress, and just absolutely buries 5. Congress borrows 2. The banks \nare making, what, a 30% margin (interest) on our government? Big \ncorporations are ecstatic if they can do a 10% margin. What do the \nbanks do with it? Hold some on a carrot to the world, sure, but \nmostly, bury it. WHY? Food production is 2% GNP?, construction 6% ? 14 \nhours to build your auto?  The people are spending all of their time \nto buy back a tenth of what they produce. Have we been deceived? If \nwe are more efficient, why is it getting harder to get by? What if \nthe point is just to keep the people busy making widgets? \n\n  In that other reality, I shouted to the twelve, "its chaos!" They \nsaid, "no, its order." He defined chaos as that which is he was not \nable to control.\n\n  Rain forest: The problem could be that all the water in its canopy \nwould hide the  location of an indigenous people who have no \nlanguage. (telepathic; and \'vanishing\' the closest knowledge of death)\n(think of the spine as a transceiver, if it is on the ground and \npointed up, you can locate it from above) These people are probably \nnaive as children, but very, very tough to kill. Also, They should \nbe able to tell you stories about the dark one that I talk about. \nThey can hear him. I think that Ham and world band radio old timers \nmight have a story to tell on this. These people would be on a \ndifferent frequency than us as they aren\'t eating seeds.\n\n  Famine relief: When I make my diet almost all whole wheat, I get a \nhuge belly, lose muscle mass, sleep A LOT, and get sick. When I eat \nonly fresh fruit, I get more energy, a Hollywood-flat belly, and \nneed a lot less sleep.\n\n  UN. Peace Keeping; There is fighting and killing all over. The \ntroops go in when there is no bread on the shelf. (its OK to kill \neach other, just make sure there is enough to eat.)\n\n  Somalia: What is disturbing is energetic, gun carrying, three foot \ntall sixteen year-olds, who eat nothing but some roots that they \nsuck on. It is not so much that their growth is stunted, it is that \nthey aren\'t dying at a rate of 50 of 60 years per life. \n\n  Women with children, Babes in arms: Historical references to women \nand children as a single unit could mean that infants were not cut \nfrom the umbilical cord. (and hence, were not breast fed) I think \nthat there may be some very interesting results to this, such as \nmother-child telepathy, and blue blooded infants. There are examples \nof this practice in the aquatic mammal kingdom to investigate.\n\n  That guy is the master of illusion, and the ultimate liar. He \ntells it first, and then just follows the thread of time in which \nthe people are willing to buy it. (in which he can make it so) He\'ll \nplay a poker face up until he thinks he\'s cornered, and then he\'ll \nwhine, beg and grovel. All it means to him is that you\'re willing to \nlive on the ground work that he has laid, that is, that he was \nright, and he didn\'t over play his hand, and he won\'t need to go \nback and try another thread of time. You have ultimate control over \nyour destiny, just don\'t live along a path that leads to a reality \nin which you don\'t want to be a part of. \n\n  I don\'t claim to be the first to think these things, its just \nthat the others could have been \'pruned\' from our path. Maybe these \nthoughts given to me were laid down on the track of time, after him.\n\n  \n \n',
  u"From: dennisn@ecs.comm.mot.com (Dennis Newkirk)\nSubject: Re: Proton/Centaur?\nOrganization: Motorola\nNntp-Posting-Host: 145.1.146.43\nLines: 37\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.211638.168730@zeus.calpoly.edu> jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu (James Thomas Green) writes:\n>Has anyone looked into the possiblity of a Proton/Centaur combo?\n>What would be the benefits and problems with such a combo (other\n>than the obvious instability in the XSSR now)?\n\nI haven't seen any speculation about it. But, the Salyut KB (Design Bureau) \nwas planning a new LH/LOX second stage for the Proton which would boost\npayload to LEO from about 21000 to 31500 kg. (Geostationary goes from\n2600 kg. (Gals launcher version) to 6000 kg.. This scheme was competing\nwith the Energia-M last year and I haven't heard which won, except now\nI recently read that the Central Specialized KB was working on the \nsuccessor to the Soyuz booster which must be the Energia-M. So the early\nresults are Energia-M won, but this is a guess, nothing is very clear in \nRussia. I'm sure if Salyut KB gets funds from someone they will continue \ntheir development. \n\nThe Centaur for the Altas is about 3 meters dia. and the Proton \nis 4 so that's a good fit for their existing upper stage, the Block-D\nwhich sets inside a shround just under 4 meters dia. I don't know about\nlaunch loads, etc.. but since the Centaur survives Titan launches which\nare probably worse than the Proton (those Titan SRB's probably shake things\nup pretty good) it seems feasible. EXCEPT, the Centaur is a very fragile\nthing and may require integration on the pad which is not available now.\nProtons are assembled and transported horizontially. Does anyone know \nhow much stress in the way of a payload a Centaur could support while\nbolted to a Proton horizontally and then taken down the rail road track\nand erected on the pad?  \n\nThey would also need LOX and LH facilities added to the Proton pads \n(unless the new Proton second stage is actually built), and of course\nany Centaur support systems and facilities, no doubt imported from the\nUS at great cost. These systems may viloate US law so there are political\nproblems to solve in addition to the instabilities in the CIS you mention. \n\nDennis Newkirk (dennisn@ecs.comm.mot.com)\nMotorola, Land Mobile Products Sector\nSchaumburg, IL\n",
  u'From: tffreeba@indyvax.iupui.edu\nSubject: Re: Why not give $1 billion to first year-long moon residents?\nLines: 42\n\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.001757.7543@bby.com.au>, gnb@leo.bby.com.au (Gregory N. Bond) writes:\n> In article <6ZV82B2w165w@theporch.raider.net> gene@theporch.raider.net (Gene Wright) writes:\n> \n>>    Announce that a reward of $1 billion would go to the first corporation \n>>    who successfully keeps at least 1 person alive on the moon for a\n>>    year. \n> \n> And with $1B on offer, the problem of "keeping them alive" is highly\n> likely to involve more than just the lunar environment! \n> \n> "Oh Dear, my freighter just landed on the roof of ACME\'s base and they\n> all died.  How sad.  Gosh, that leaves us as the oldest residents."\n> \n> "Quick Boss, the slime from YoyoDyne are back, and this time they\'ve\n> got a tank!  Man the guns!"\n> \n> One could imagine all sorts of technologies being developed in that\n> sort of environment.....\n> \n> Greg.\n> \n> (I\'m kidding, BTW, although the problem of winner-takes-all prizes is\n> that it encourages all sorts of undesirable behaviour - witness\n> military procurement programs.  And $1b is probably far too small a\n> reward to encourage what would be a very expensive and high risk\n> proposition.)\n> -\n> Gregory Bond <gnb@bby.com.au> Burdett Buckeridge & Young Ltd Melbourne Australia\n\nHey!  My dad has an old hangar and Judy has some old rockets in her attic,\nlet\'s put on a Lunar program! . . .  Sounds good, but . . .\nLet\'s play a game - What would be a reasonable reward?  What companies would\nhave a reasonable shot at pulling off such a feat?  Just where in the\nbudget would the reward come from?  Should there be a time limit?  Would a\nstraight cash money award be enough or should we throw in say . . . \nexclusive mining rights for the first fifty years? You get the idea.\n\nI\'d like to play but I don\'t have a clue to the answers.\n\nTom Freebairn   | He who refuses to understand math\n                | will probably never get his checkbook figured out.\n',
  u'From: af774@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Chad Cipiti)\nSubject: Fractint on a Speedstar 24X\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 17\nReply-To: af774@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Chad Cipiti)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\nI\'m still looking for Fractint drivers or a new release which supports the\n 24bit color mode of the Diamond Speedstar 24X.  There are some 2, 4 and 26\n million colros drivers, but none work with the 24X.  \n\nAny help would be appreciated!\n\nThanks!\n\nChad\n\n\n-- \n      ....                 New in 1993                                \n ~  ~~ :::::.~~~ ~ ~    Sea World of Ohio           Chad Cipiti         \n~ ~~  ::SHARK:. ~  ~                         cipiti@bobcat.ent.ohiou.edu\n ~~ .:ENCOUNTER:. ~~     "Make Contact."     af774@cleveland.freenet.edu\n',
  u'Subject: Re: Christian Daemons? [Biblical Demons, the u\nFrom: stigaard@mhd.moorhead.msus.edu\nReply-To: stigaard@mhd.moorhead.msus.edu\nOrganization: Moorhead State University, Moorhead, MN\nNntp-Posting-Host: 134.29.97.2\nLines: 23\n\n>>>667\n>>>the neighbor of the beast\n>>\n>>No, 667 is across the street from the beast.  664 and 668 are the\n>>neighbors of the beast.\n>\n>I think some people are still not clear on this:\n>667 is *not* the neighbor of the beast, but, rather, across the\n>street. It is, in fact, 668 which is the neighbor of the beast.\n\nno, sheesh, didn\'t you know 666 is the beast\'s apartment?  667 is across the\nhall from the beast, and is his neighbor along with the rest of the 6th floor.\n\n>Justin (still trying to figure out what this has to do with alt.discordia)\n\nThis doesn\'t seem discordant to you?\n\n-----------------------     ----------------------     -----------------------\n\t-Paul W. Stigaard, Lokean Discordian Libertarian\n  !XOA!\t\tinternet:  stigaard@mhd1.moorhead.msus.edu\n (fnord)       Episkopos and Chair, Moorhead State University Campus Discordians\n\t\tRectal neufotomist at large\n     "If I left a quote here, someone would think it meant something."\n',
  u'Organization: Queen\'s University at Kingston\nFrom: <JIANGY@QUCDN.QueensU.CA>\nSubject: Please Help: Point in concave Polyhedra\nLines: 43\n\nDear Netters:\n\n\nI am looking for C source code to test if a 3D point lies within a\n\nconcave polyhadra. I have read a few articles about this and know\n\nthat two solutions exist: parity counting and angle sumation. Both\n\n\nideas are pretty simple but coding is not. So I wonder if there exists\n\npublic domain source code for this.\n\n    Another \'rough\' solition (don\'t care special cases) is ray-casting\n\nwhich is reported to be more or less independent of number of faces\n\nconsisting the polyhedra if a special space indexing is used\n(M. Tamminen, et. al., 1984. "Ray-casting and block model conversion\nusing a spatial index". Computer-Aided-Designs. 4, 1984, 60-65).\nBut the prerequirement is that all the facets of polyhedra have their\nnormal pointing outside of polyhedra. How this could be done in practice ?\nI have a set of trangles consisting the polyhedra. How could I ensure their\nnormals pointing outside the polyhedra ? The paper mentioned above assumed\nthis is already the case.\n\n\n   I have also read some standard computer graphics textbook about hidden\nline removal. It says "if we make the rule that the normal of a facet pointing\n\ntoward viewer standing far away from the polyhedra...". Again how to make\nsure ?\n\n\n   Any pointers are welcome ?\n\n\n   Yaohong Jiang\n   Queen\'s University\n   Kingston, Ont.\n\n   Jiangy@qucdn.queensu.ca\n',
  u'From: mccullou@snake2.cs.wisc.edu (Mark McCullough)\nSubject: Re: Idle questions for fellow atheists\nOrganization: University of Wisconsin, Madison -- Computer Sciences Dept.\nLines: 43\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.124216.4374@mac.cc.macalstr.edu> acooper@mac.cc.macalstr.edu writes:\n>\n>I wonder how many atheists out there care to speculate on the face of the world\n>if atheists were the majority rather than the minority group of the population. \n\nProbably we would have much the same problems with only a slight shift in\nemphasis.  Weekends might not be so inviolate (more common to work 7 days\na week in a business), and instead of American Atheists, we would have\nsimilar, religious organizations.  A persons religious belief seems more\nas a crutch and justification for actions than a guide to determine actions.\nOf course, people would have to come up with more fascinating \nrationalizations for their actions, but that could be fun to watch...\n\nIt seems to me, that for most people, religion in America doesn\'t matter\nthat much.  You have extreemists on both ends, but a large majority don\'t\nmake too much of an issue about it as long as you don\'t.  Now, admittedly,\nI have never had to suffer the "Bible Belt", but I am just north of it\nand see the fringes, and the reasonable people in most things tend to be\nreasonable in religion as well.  \n\n\n>Also, how many atheists out there would actually take the stance and accor a\n>higher value to their way of thinking over the theistic way of thinking.  The\n>typical selfish argument would be that both lines of thinking evolved from the\n>same inherent motivation, so one is not, intrinsically, different from the\n>other, qualitatively.  But then again a measuring stick must be drawn\n>somewhere, and if we cannot assign value to a system of beliefs at its core,\n>than the only other alternative is to apply it to its periphery; ie, how it\n>expresses its own selfishness.\n>\n\nI don\'t bother according a higher value to my thinking, or just about\nanybodys thinking.  I don\'t want to fall in that trap.  Because if you \ndo start that, then you are then to decide which is better, says whom,\nwhy, is there a best, and also what to do about those who have inferior\nmodes of thinking.  IDIC  (Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations.)\nI\'ll argue it over a soda, but not over much more.\n\nJust my $.12  (What inflation has done...)\n\nM^2\n\n\n',
  u'From: madhaus@netcom.com (Maddi Hausmann)\nSubject: Re: Amusing atheists and agnostics\nOrganization: Society for Putting Things on Top of Other Things\nLines: 26\n\ntimmbake@mcl.ucsb.edu ("Half" Bake Timmons) writes: >\nMaddi: >>\n\n>>Whirr click whirr...Frank O\'Dwyer might also be contained\n>>in that shell...pop stack to determine...whirr...click..whirr\n>\n>>"Killfile" Keith Allen Schneider = Frank "Closet Theist" O\'Dwyer = ...\n\n>= Maddi "The Mad Sound-O-Geek" Hausmann\n\nNo, no, no!  I\'ve already been named by "Killfile" Keith.\nMy nickname is Maddi "Never a Useful Post" Hausmann, and\ndon\'t you DARE forget it, "Half".\n\n>-- "...there\'s nothing higher, stronger, more wholesome and more useful in life\n>than some good memory..." -- Alyosha in Brothers Karamazov (Dostoevsky)\n\nYou really should quote Ivan Karamazov instead(on a.a), as he was\nthe atheist.\n\n-- \nMaddi Hausmann                       madhaus@netcom.com\nCentigram Communications Corp        San Jose California  408/428-3553\n\nKids, please don\'t try this at home.  Remember, I post professionally.\n\n',
  u"From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Some Recent Observations by Hubble\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 23\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nKeywords: HST, Pluto, Uranus\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nHere are some recent observations taken by the Hubble Space Telescope:\n\n     o The Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) was used to make ultraviolet\n       observations of both the planet Pluto, and its moon Charon. The\n       peakups were successful. The observations were executed as\n       scheduled, and no problems were reported.\n\n     o Observations were made using the High Speed Photometer of the Planet\n       Uranus during an occultation by a faint star in Capricornus. These\n       observations will help in our understanding of the planet's\n       atmospheric radiative and dynamical processes. This event occurred\n       close to the last quarter moon, and special arrangements had to be\n       made to modify the lunar limit tests to allow these observations.\n       The observations are currently being reviewed, and all the\n       observations looked okay.\n\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | Being cynical never helps \n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | to correct the situation \n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | and causes more aggravation\n                                                  | instead.\n",
  u'From: sherman@unx.sas.com (Chris Sherman)\nSubject: Re: POVray : tga -> rle\nNntp-Posting-Host: workroom.unx.sas.com\nOrganization: SAS Institute Inc.\nLines: 77\n\nIn <1rkkb6$gec@st-james.comp.vuw.ac.nz> Craig.Humphrey@comp.vuw.ac.nz (Craig Andrew Humphrey) writes:\n\n\n>In article <ltqp28INNpa7@pageboy.cs.utexas.edu>, jhpark@cs.utexas.edu (Jihun Park) writes:\n>>Hello,\n>>I have some problem in converting tga file(generated by POVray) to\n>>rle file. When I convert, I do not get any warning message. But\n>>if I use xloadimage/getx11, something is wrong.\n\n>[edited]\n\n>>I know that I need to install ppmtorle and tgatoppm, but I do not spend\n>>time to install them. Even I do not want to generate .rgb from POVray\n>>and then convert them to rle, if possible.(.rgb to rle works, but\n>>it will mess up my directory with so many files, and it needs 2 more\n>>steps to finally convert to rle file. say cat | rawtorle | rleflip )\n>>Does any body out there have same experience/problems ?\n\n\n>Well for starters, why use rle files?  \n\nExactly...\n\nI didn\'t want to mess with tga or rle.  So I wrote the following script. \nAll you need is the very standard set of pbm utilities. \n\nThis script is a .pov to .jpg converter.  Just run it like this:\n\n  pov2jpg 1280 1024 fred.pov \n\nYou will need to modify the path\'s in the script to reflect where you put\npovray and its include files.  If you have a problem with disk space, you\ncan use named pipes instead of temporary files.\n\nI hope you find it useful...\n\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n#!/bin/sh\n\nif [ $# -lt 3 ] ; then\n  echo "usage:  $0 width height sourcefile.pov other_options"\n  exit\nfi\n\nwidth=$1\nheight=$2\ndatafile=$3\nshift 3\n\n#basedatafile=`echo $datafile | sed -e "s/\\(.*\\)\\.pov/\\1/"`\n\nthedatafile=`basename $datafile` \nbasedatafile=`basename $datafile .pov` \ndirdatafile=`dirname $datafile` \n\ncd $dirdatafile\n/afs/rnd.sas.com/u/sherman/pov/povsrc/build/povray \\\n  +l/afs/rnd.sas.com/u/sherman/pov/povscn/include \\\n  +o/tmp/data$$ +w${width} +h${height} +fr +i${thedatafile} $*\n\necho " "\nrawtopgm $width $height < /tmp/data$$.grn > /tmp/green$$\nrawtopgm $width $height < /tmp/data$$.red > /tmp/red$$\nrawtopgm $width $height < /tmp/data$$.blu > /tmp/blue$$\nrgb3toppm /tmp/red$$ /tmp/green$$ /tmp/blue$$ | cjpeg > ${basedatafile}.jpg \nrm /tmp/red$$ /tmp/green$$ /tmp/blue$$ /tmp/data$$.grn /tmp/data$$.red \\\n   /tmp/data$$.blu\necho "Wrote output to ${basedatafile}.jpg"\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n--\n     ____/     /     /     __  /    _  _/    ____/\n    /         /     /     /   /      /     /          Chris Sherman\n   /         ___   /        _/      /          /\n _____/   __/   __/   __/ _\\    _____/   _____/           sherman@unx.sas.com\n',
  u'From: Pegasus@aaa.uoregon.edu (Pegasus)\nSubject: Re: Merlin, Mithras and Magick\nOrganization: the Polyhedron Group\nLines: 21\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: fp1-dialin-1.uoregon.edu\n\nIn article <JOSHUA.93Apr19183833@bailey.cpac.washington.edu>,\njoshua@cpac.washington.edu (Joshua Geller) wrote:\n> \n> \n> In article <Pegasus-150493132018@fp1-dialin-4.uoregon.edu> \n> Pegasus@aaa.uoregon.edu (LaurieEWBrandt) writes:\n> \nLEWB>> Lets add to those percentages 13-15% for the Orphaic docterians\nbrought LEWB>>to the group by Paul/Saul who was a high ranking initiate. On\nthe LEWB>>development of Orphaic Mysteries, see Jane Harrisons .Prolegomena\nto the LEWB>>study of Greek religion. Cambridge U Press 1922. and you can\neasly draw LEWB>>your own conclusions.\n \njosh> perhaps you can quote just a bit of her argument?\n\nLove to,but I must do it a bit later My copy of Harrison in packed, but the\nlast chapter as best as I can rember deals with Orphic mysteries and their\nviews of women though she does not come out and say it it is strongly\nimplyed that the Christian view was drawn heavly from the Orphic and other\nMajor cults of the time.\nPegasus\n',
  u'From: flb@flb.optiplan.fi ("F.Baube[tm]")\nSubject: The Area Rule\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 12\n\nI read it refered to as the "parabolic cross-section" rule;\nthe idea was that if you plot the area of the fuselage cross-\nsection as a function of the point fore-and-aft along the \nfuselage, a plot that is a **paraboloid** minimizes somethin\' \nor \'nother (to be technical about it).\n\n\n-- \n* Fred Baube (tm)         *  In times of intellectual ferment,\n* baube@optiplan.fi       * advantage to him with the intellect\n* #include <disclaimer.h> * most fermented\n* May \'68, Paris: It\'s Retrospective Time !!  \n',
  u'From: haston@utkvx.utk.edu (Haston, Donald Wayne)\nSubject: Hijaak\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \nKeywords: Hijaak\nOrganization: University of Tennessee Computing Center\nLines: 14\n\nI have heard some impressive things about Hijakk (for Windows).\nCurrently, I use a shareware program called Graphics Workshop.\nWhat kinds of things will Hijaak do that these shareware programs\nwill not do?\n\nWhat has been your experience with Hijaak? Are there other programs\nthat are better? Please email me, if you can help:\n\nWayne Haston\nHASTON@UTKVX.UTK.EDU\n\nThanks!\n\n\n',
  u'From: ab@nova.cc.purdue.edu (Allen B)\nSubject: Re: Point within a polygon\nKeywords: Obfuscated PostScript\nOrganization: Purdue University\nLines: 60\n\nIn article <jonas-y.734802983@gouraud> jonas-y@isy.liu.se (Jonas Yngvesson)  \nwrites:\n> Intersection Between a Line and a Polygon (UNDECIDABLE??),\n> \tby Dave Baraff, Tom Duff\n> \n> \tFrom: deb@charisma.graphics.cornell.edu\n> In recent years, many geometric problems have been successfully modeled in a\n> new language called PostScript.  (See "PostScript Language", by Adobe Systems\n> Incorporated, ISBN # 0-201-10179-3, co. 1985).\n> \n> So, given a line L and a polygon P, we can write a PostScript program that\n> draws the line L and the polygon P, and then "outputs" the answer.  By\n> "output", we mean the program executes a command called "showpage", which\n> actually prints a page of paper containing the line and the polygon.  A quick\n> examination of the paper provides an answer to the reduced problem Q, and  \nthus\n> the original problem.\n\nCuriously, in modern PostScript, the point in a polygon problem can\nbe solved even more easily.  To wit:\n\n%!\n%%Title: Point in Polygon\n%%Creator: Allen B (ab@cc.purdue.edu)\n%%For: the amusement of comp.graphics regulars\n%%LanguageLevel: 2\n%%DocumentNeededResource: humor sense thereof\n%%EndComments\n\n% This program will test whether a point is inside a given polygon.\n% Currently it uses the even-odd rule, but that can be changed by\n% replacing ineofill with infill.  These are Level 2 operators,\n% so if you\'ve only got Level 1 you\'re out of luck.\n%\n% The result will be printed on the output stream.\n%\n% Caution: only accurate to device pixels!\n% Put a huge scale in first if you aren\'t sure.\n\n% Point to test\n% PUT X AND Y COORDINATES HERE\n\n50 75\n\n% Vertices of polygon in counter-clockwise order\n% PUT ARRAY OF PAIRS OF COORDINATES HERE\n[\n[   0   0 ]\n[ 100   0 ]\n[ 100 100 ]\n[  67 100 ]\n[  67  50 ]\n[  33  50 ]\n[  33 100 ]\n[   0 100 ]\n]\n\ndup 0 get aload pop moveto dup length 1 dup 3 1 roll\nsub getinterval { aload pop lineto } forall closepath\nineofill { (Yes!) } { (No!) } ifelse =\n',
  u'From: emarsh@hernes-sun.Eng.Sun.COM (Eric Marsh)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Sun\nLines: 82\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hernes-sun\n\nIn article <1qkj31$4c6@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n>In article <lsr6ihINNsa@exodus.Eng.Sun.COM> emarsh@hernes-sun.Eng.Sun.COM (Eric Marsh) writes:\n>#In article <1qjahh$mrs@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer) writes:\n>#>Science ("the real world") has its basis in values, not the other way round, \n>#>as you would wish it.  If there is no such thing as objective value, then \n>#>science can not objectively be said to be more useful than a kick in the head.\n>#>Simple theories with accurate predictions could not objectively be said\n>#>to be more useful than a set of tarot cards.  You like those conclusions?\n>#>I don\'t.\n\n>#I think that you are changing the meaning of "values" here. Perhaps\n>#it is time to backtrack and take a look at the word.\n\n>#value n. 1. A fair equivalent or return for something, such as goods\n>#or service. 2. Monetary or material worth. 3. Worth as measured in \n>#usefulness or importance; merit. 4. A principle, standard, or quality\n>#considered inherently worthwhile or desirable. 5. Precise meaning, as\n>#of a word. 6. An assigned or calculated numerical quantity. 7. Mus. \n>#The relative duratation of a tone or rest. 8. The relative darkness or\n>#lightness of a color. 9. The distinctive quality of a speech or speech\n>#sound. \n\n>#In context of a moral system, definition four seems to fit best. In terms\n>#of scientific usage, definitions six or eight might apply. Note that\n>#these definitions do not mean the same thing.\n\n>No, I\'m using definition (3), or perhaps (4) in both cases.  If there\n>is no objective worth, usefulness, or importance then science has no \n>objective worth, usefulness, or importance.  If nothing is inherently\n>worthwhile or desirable, then simple theories with accurate predictions\n>are not inherently worthwhile or desirable. Do you see any flaws in this?\n\nThe problem is, your use of the word "objective" along with "values."\nBoth definitions three and four are inherently subjective, that is\nthey are particular to a given individual, or personal. You see,\nwhat one person may see as worthwhile, another may see as worthless.\n\n>If on the other hand, some things *have* objective worth, usefulness,\n>or importance, it would be interesting to know what they are.\n\nAgain, your form of measurement in this sentence, that being of "worth"\nis subjective. \n\n>#If you can provide an objective foundation for "morality" then that will\n>#be a good beginning.\n\n>I\'m not willing to attempt this until someone provides an objective\n>basis for the notion that science is useful, worthy, or important in\n>dealing with observed facts.  Alternatively, you could try to\n>demonstrate to me that science is not necessarily useful, worthy\n>or important in any situation.   In other words, I need to know\n>how you use the term "objective".\n\nWhen I find that my usage of a word is different than the usage of\nthat word given by another person, I try to find a standard against\nwhich to judge that usage. In most cases, the dictionary is the standard\nI use. Here is a definiton of objective:\n\nobjective ADJ. 1. Of or having to do with a material object as \ndistinguished from a mental concept. 2. Having actual existance.\n3.a. Unenfluenced by emotion or personal prejudice. b. Based on\nobservable phenomenon.\n\nBy this definition, science does not have an objective worth, since the\nphrase "objective worth" is an oxymoron. However you asked something a \nlittle differently this time, you asked for an objective basis for a\nnotion. The fact that the use of science as an intellectual tool is\nresponsible for changes in our world (the changes are material, and\nthus "objective") would provide an objective _basis_ for an argument.\nHowever, the conclusion arrived at from that argument (that science is \n"good") is subjective.\n\nI think that the problem here is one of word usage. Take a little time\nand read the definitions of these words: objective, subjective, worth,\nvalue, morality, good, evil. I believe that if you think about the \nmeaning of them for a while, you will have to conclude that there is no\nsuch thing as an objective morality.\n\n>Frank O\'Dwyer                                  \'I\'m not hatching That\'\n>odwyer@sse.ie                                  from "Hens",  by Evelyn Conlon\n\neric\n',
  u'From: bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, Or.\nLines: 34\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.150938.975@news.wesleyan.edu> SSAUYET@eagle.wesleyan.edu (SCOTT D. SAUYET) writes:\n>In <1qabe7INNaff@gap.caltech.edu> keith@cco.caltech.edu writes:\n>\n>>> Chimpanzees fight wars over land.\n>> \n>> But chimps are almost human...\n>> \n>> keith\n>\n>Could it be?  This is the last message from Mr. Schneider, and it\'s\n>more than three days old!\n>\n>Are these his final words?  (And how many here would find that\n>appropriate?)  Or is it just that finals got in the way?\n>\n\n  No. The christians were leary of having an atheist spokesman\n  (seems so clandestine, and all that), so they had him removed.  Of\n  course, Keith is busy explaining to his fellow captives how he\n  isn\'t really being persecuted, since (after all) they *are*\n  feeding him, and any resistance on his part would only be viewed\n  as trouble making.  \n\n  I understand he did make a bit of a fuss when they tatooed "In God\n  We Trust" on his forehead, though.\n\n/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\ \n\nBob Beauchaine bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM \n\nThey said that Queens could stay, they blew the Bronx away,\nand sank Manhattan out at sea.\n\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n',
  u'From: sean@whiting.mcs.com (Sean Gum)\nSubject: Re: CView answers\nOrganization: -*-  Whiting Corporation, Harvey, Illinois  -*-\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4\nLines: 23\n\nbryanw@rahul.net (Bryan Woodworth) writes:\n: In <1993Apr16.114158.2246@whiting.mcs.com> sean@whiting.mcs.com (Sean Gum) writes:\n: \n: >A stupid question, but what will CView run on and where can I get it? I\n: >am still in need of a GIF viewer for Linux. (Without X-Windows.)\n: >Thanks!\n: > \n: \n: Ho boy. There is no way in HELL you are going to be able to view GIFs or do\n: any other graphics in Linux without X windows!  I love Linux because it is\n: so easy to learn..  You want text?  Okay.   Use Linux. You want text AND\n: graphics?  Use Linux with X windows.  Simple.  Painless.  REQUIRED to have\n: X Windows if you want graphics!  This includes fancy word processors like\n: doc, image viewers like xv, etc.\n:\nUmmm, I beg to differ. A kind soul sent me a program called DPG-VIEW that\nwill do exactly what I want, view GIF images under Linux without X-Windows.\nAnd, it does support all the way up to 1024x768. The biggest complaint I\nhave is it is painfully SLOW. It takes about 1 minute to display an image.\nI am use to CSHOW under DOS which takes a split second. Any idea why it\nis so slow under Linux? Anybody have anything better? Plus, anybody have\nthe docs to DPG-View? Thanks!\n \n',
  u"From: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney)\nSubject: Re: *Doppelganger* (was Re: Vulcan? No, not Spock or Haphaestus)\nArticle-I.D.: mojo.1qkn6rINNett\nReply-To: sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Computer Aided Design Lab, U. of Maryland College Park\nLines: 17\nNNTP-Posting-Host: queen.eng.umd.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.170048.1@fnalf.fnal.gov>, higgins@fnalf.fnal.gov (Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey) writes:\n\n>This was known as *Journey to the Far Side of the Sun* in the United\n>States and as *Doppelganger* in the U.K... Later, they went\n>on to do more live-action SF series: *UFO* and *Space: 1999*.\n>\n>The astronomy was lousy, but the lifting-body spacecraft, VTOL\n>airliners, and mighty Portugese launch complex were *wonderful* to\n>look at.\n\nThey recycled a lot of models and theme music for UFO.  Some of the\nconcepts even showed up in SPACE: 1999. \n\n\n\n    Software engineering? That's like military intelligence, isn't it?\n  -- >                  SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU                        < --\n",
  u'From: wallacen@CS.ColoState.EDU (nathan wallace)\nSubject:  ORION space drive\nReply-To: wallacen@CS.ColoState.EDU\nNntp-Posting-Host: beethoven.cs.colostate.edu\nOrganization: Colorado State University -=- Computer Science Dept.\nLines: 16\n\nAn excellent reference for non-technical readers on the ORION system is\n"The Starflight Handbook", by Eugene Mallove and Gregory Matloff, ISBN\n0-471-61912-4. The relevant chapter is 4: Nuclear Pulse Propulsion.\n\nThe book also contains lots of technical references for the more academically\ninclined. \n\nEnjoy!\n---\nC/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/\nC/    Nathan F. Wallace                   C/C/           "Reality Is"         C/\nC/    e-mail: wallacen@cs.colostate.edu   C/C/    ancient Alphaean proverb    C/\nC/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/C/\n \n\n\n',
  u'From: jburrill@boi.hp.com (Jim Burrill)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Idaho River Country, The Salmon, Payette, Clearwater, Boise, Selway, Priest\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1.8 PL6]\nLines: 35\n\nBrian Kendig (bskendig@netcom.com) wrote:\n: \n: Can you please point to something, anything, that proves to me that\n: the universe cannot possibly be explained without accepting as a fact\n: the existence of a god in precisely the way your holy book describes?\n: \n: Can you please convince me that your religion is more than a very\n: cleverly-constructed fable, and that it does indeed have some bearing\n: on my own personal day-to-day life?\n\nWould you consider the word of an eye-witness (Peter) to testify to the\nevents surrounding Jesus\' life?\n\n\n 2Pe 1 16 \xb6 We did not follow cleverly invented stories when we told you\n about the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were \n eyewitnesses of his majesty.\n\n 2Pe 1 17 For he received honor and glory from God the Father when the\n voice came to him from the Majestic Glory, saying, "This is my Son, whom \n I love; with him I am well pleased."\xb9\n\n 2Pe 1 18 We ourselves heard this voice that came from heaven when we\n were with him on the sacred mountain.\n\n 2Pe 1 19 \xb6 And we have the word of the prophets made more certain, and\n you will do well to pay attention to it, as to a light shining in a dark\n place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts.\n\nThis is a documented testimony. Perhaps further research on your part is\nwarranted before making more statements. There is considerably more to study\nin Peters\' two books of testimony regarding the Messiah. It is well worth \nyour time, Mr. Brian.\n\nJim Burrill\n',
  u'From: clarke@acme.ucf.edu (Thomas Clarke)\nSubject: Re: pushing the envelope\nOrganization: University of Central Florida\nDistribution: na\nLines: 18\n\n> In <1993Apr3.233154.7045@Princeton.EDU> lije@cognito.Princeton.EDU (Elijah  \nMillgram) writes:\n> \n> \n> A friend of mine and I were wondering where the expression "pushing\n> the envelope" comes from.  Anyone out there know?\n> \nEverbody has been defining envelope.\nWhy was the world "envelope" chosen, rather than say "shell", \nor "boundary".  In analogy with the envelopes of airships perhaps?\n\nActually, "shell" might be good.  Push the shell too hard and\nit (the aircraft?) breaks. \n--\nThomas Clarke\nInstitute for Simulation and Training, University of Central FL\n12424 Research Parkway, Suite 300, Orlando, FL 32826\n(407)658-5030, FAX: (407)658-5059, clarke@acme.ucf.edu\n',
  u'From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: Sunrise/ sunset times\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 14\n\nIn article <1r6f3a$2ai@news.umbc.edu> rouben@math9.math.umbc.edu (Rouben Rostamian) writes:\n>>Hello. I am looking for a program (or algorithm) that can be used\n>>to compute sunrise and sunset times.\n>\n>Here is a computation I did a long time ago that computes the length\n>of the daylight.  You should be able to convert the information here\n>to sunrise and sunset times.\n\nSorry, not so -- the changes in sunrise and sunset times are not\nquite synchronized.  For example, neither the earliest sunrise nor the\nlatest sunset comes on the longest day of the year.\n\nYou can derive day length from sunrise and sunset times, but not\nvice-versa.\n',
  u'Subject: Re: Biblical Rape\nFrom: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\n <1p387f$jh3@fido.asd.sgi.com> <1993Mar29.010116.18203@watson.ibm.com> \n <16BA0D964.I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de> \n <1993Apr01.184110.33851@watson.ibm.com> \n <16BA4ADAC.I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de> \n <1993Apr03.012536.18323@watson.ibm.com> <16BA6C534.I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de> <1993Apr04.225107.39364@watson.ibm.com>\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 154\n\nIn article <1993Apr04.225107.39364@watson.ibm.com>\nstrom@Watson.Ibm.Com (Rob Strom) writes:\n \n(Deletion)\n>\n>The thread "Biblical Rape" was initiated by David O Hunt.\n>Here is his posting:\n>In article <8feu_KO00XsF0kpc5p@andrew.cmu.edu>, David O Hunt <bluelobster+@CMU.EDU> writes:\n>|> I\'m pretty sure I\'ve seen biblical rules for when it\'s allowable to rape\n>|> prisoners, what the codes are about that, etc.  Could some more\n>|> knowledgable soul than I please let me know some references?\n>\n>He asked a very narrow question, and I gave a very narrow answer.\n>\n \nYes, sorry. I have got that wrong. My apology.\n \n \n(Deletion)\n \n>No. David Hunt\'s post didn\'t mention a god, nor did my response.\n>You were the first to bring up the idea of the Bible being "given\n>by god".  Most Jews don\'t believe this in any literal sense.\n>\n \nSo? No fun, but I must have met the minority then.\nAnd "given by god" refers to any action whereby a god\ngod causes or better effects something.\n \n \nRob, I am not intimate with Jewish theology, but I understand\nthat you are a Messianic Jew. Correct me if I am wrong, but\nit appears that the views of Messianic Jews on metaphysics\nis different to that of the majority of Jews. While Jewish\ntheology overall is quite distinct from the Christianic god\nviews, I have heard that it is possible for Jews to attribute\nevil to their god, an no-no for Christians, the Bible is\nstill seen as effect of the interaction of some god with man.\n \n \n(Deletion)\n>No.  I thought we agreed that though Jews disagree,\n>there are a set of core beliefs that they do agree upon,\n>one of which is that the commandments are accessible\n>and written in the language of the time, and another\n>of which is that there must be a legal system to update them.\n>\n \nThe context was metaphysics, even when the process of adapting\nthe commandments is not transcendent, the justification of the\nprocess lie in metaphysic specualtion. I wonder how you break\nout of the shackles of having metaphysics in your system.\n \n \n(Deletion)\n>Could you explain this with respect to the original commandments\n>being discussed --- that is, the commandment that says if\n>you feel like raping a woman prisoner, you should instead\n>wait and marry her?  What about "the way this commandment\n>is given" invalidates it?\n>\n \nIs is in a book that commands to commit genocide among other\nreprehensible deeds. The context is repulsive, and it is\nfoul play, IMO, to invoke some relatively enlightened passages\nas an example for the content of the whole book.\n \n \n(Big deletion)\n>|>\n>|> The point is that I see that there is a necessary connection\n>|> between the theology you use and the interpretation of the Bible.\n>|>\n>\n>Only very loosely.  My interpretation of the Bible is\n>based on a long tradition of Jewish scholars interpreting\n>the Bible.  Theology doesn\'t really enter into it ---\n>there are Jewish atheists who interpret the laws of\n>charity essentially the same way I do.\n>\n \nNo, not the interpretation of some laws, but the interpretation of\nthe bible. As in the example that Sodom and Gomorrha mean argue\nwith god. The whole idea that it is metaphorically and yet allows\nyou to argue with a god (whatever that means, that alone is a theo-\nlogic question) is proof of a theology used.\n \n \n>|> >You pose another metaphysical riddle!\n>|>\n>|> No, you do.\n>|>\n>\n>Well, you wrote this:\n>|> Fine. So we have some major spirit with neither absolute power\n>|> nor absolute knowledge. And, as it appears, limited means or will\n>|> to communicate with us. Some form of spiritual big friend.\n>|> Do you admit that using god in this context is somewhat unusual?\n>|>\n>|> Am I right in the assumption that it cannot have created the\n>|> universe as well? And that the passages in the Bible referring\n>|> to that or its omnipotence are crap?\n>\n>That\'s what I meant by the "riddle".\n>\n \nIt is an important question in the light of what for instance the\npassage witrh Sodom and Gomorrha means. Either there is some connection\nbetween the text, the fact that it exists, and your interpretation of\nit, or it is purely arbitrary.. Further, the question is why is has\none to carry the burden of Biblical texts when one could simply write\nother books that convey the message better. You might answer that one\ncan\'t becuase  some peculiar Biblical information might be lost, but\nthat holds true of every other book, and the question remains why has\nthe Bible still a special place? Can\'t it be replaced somehow? Is it\nok to bargain the dangerous content of the Bible against some other\nmessage that is included as well?\n \n \n(Deletion)\n>|> Do you see the danger in doing so? Especially with the metaphers used\n>|> in the Bible?\n>\n>I think the danger of doing so is less than either the\n>danger of having a frozen system of laws, or having no laws.\n>\n \nSorry, but there are worse systems does not say anything about if\none could not have a better system.\n \n(Deletion)\n>If we\n>read two stories about the importance of helping the poor,\n>and in one God is a spirit, and in the other God has a body,\n>which is more important, helping the poor, or resolving\n>the contradiction about the corporeal nature of God?\n>\n \nIf we read two stories in the Bible, one that god commands people\nto kill children for being idolaters and another where god kills\nchildren directly, what is more important to resolve, the message that\nchildren are to be killed or if it has  to be done by god?\n \n \nAnd the argument you have given is a fallacy, while it may not be important\nin the context you have given to find out if god is corporeal or not, it\ncan be crucial in other questions. Religious believers resolve contradictions\nwith that they choose one of the possibilities given in an arbitrary way,\nand have the advantage of being able to attribute their decision to some\ngod.\n \nOne cannot resolve questions by the statement do what is good when what\nis good depends on the question.\n   Benedikt\n',
  u"From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: japanese moon landing?\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <1qnb9tINN7ff@rave.larc.nasa.gov> C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV (CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA EGALON) writes:\n>> there is no such thing as a stable lunar orbit\n>\n>Is it right??? That is new stuff for me. So it means that  you just can \n>not put a sattellite around around the Moon for too long because its \n>orbit will be unstable??? If so, what is the reason??? Is that because \n>the combined gravitacional atraction of the Sun,Moon and Earth \n>that does not provide a stable  orbit around the Moon???\n\nAny lunar satellite needs fuel to do regular orbit corrections, and when\nits fuel runs out it will crash within months.  The orbits of the Apollo\nmotherships changed noticeably during lunar missions lasting only a few\ndays.  It is *possible* that there are stable orbits here and there --\nthe Moon's gravitational field is poorly mapped -- but we know of none.\n\nPerturbations from Sun and Earth are relatively minor issues at low\naltitudes.  The big problem is that the Moon's own gravitational field\nis quite lumpy due to the irregular distribution of mass within the Moon.\n-- \nAll work is one man's work.             | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\n                    - Kipling           |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n",
  u'From: ad354@Freenet.carleton.ca (James Owens)\nSubject: Re: 666, THE NUMBER OF THE BEAST, VIEWER DISCRETION IS ADVISED!\nReply-To: ad354@Freenet.carleton.ca (James Owens)\nOrganization: The National Capital Freenet\nLines: 13\n\n\nUN Resolution 666 guarantees humanitarian aid will get into Irag during\nthe Gulf War.  Is this war over? Is aid getting in, or are they still\ntrying to smoke out Saddam?  Is this the Middle East?  Are we talking\nreligious war here?  Am I ranting?\n-- \n                                     James Owens  ad354@Freenet.carleton.ca\n                                     Ottawa, Ontario, Canada\n',
  u'From: dietz@cs.rochester.edu (Paul Dietz)\nSubject: Re: nuclear waste\nOrganization: University of Rochester\nLines: 41\n\nIn article <843@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp> will@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp (William Reiken) writes:\n\n>> The real reason why accelerator breeders or incinerators are not being\n>> built is that there isn\'t any reason to do so.  Natural uranium is\n>> still too cheap, and geological disposal of actinides looks\n>> technically reasonable.\n>>\n>\n>\tNovember/December, 1987 page 21 - "Science and Technology in Japan".\n>\t\t\tSeawater Uranium Recovery Experiment\n>\t"The ground uranium reserves are estimated at about 3.6 million tons,\n> and it is anticipated that the demand and supply balance will collapse by the\n> end of the 20th century.  In Japan, a resources poor country, technological\n> development are now under way to economically collect uranium dissolved in\n> seawater.  The total quanity of uranium dissolved in seawater is estimated\n> to be about 4.6 billion tons, a huge amount when compared with ground uranium\n> reserves......."\n\n\nI hate to pour cold water on this, but currently seawater extracted\nuranium, even using the new, improved fiber absorbers from Japan, is\nabout 20 times more expensive than uranium on the spot market.\nUranium is *very* cheap right now, around $10/lb.  Right now, there\nare mines closing because they can\'t compete with places like Cigar\nLake in Canada (where the ore is so rich they present safety hazards\nto the mines, who work in shielded vehicles).  Plenty of other sources\n(for example, uranium from phosphate processing) would come on line before\nuranium reached $200/lb.\n\n"Demand and supply balance will collapse" is nonsense.  Supply and\ndemand always balance; what changes is the price.  Is uranium going\nto increase in price by a factor of 20 by the end of the century?\nNot bloody likely.  New nuclear reactors are not being built\nat a sufficient rate.\n\nUranium from seawater is interesting, but it\'s a long term project, or\na project that the Japanese might justify on grounds of\nself-sufficiency.\n\n\tPaul F. Dietz\n\tdietz@cs.rochester.edu\n',
  u'From: mancus@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov (Keith Mancus)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: MDSSC\nLines: 26\n\nsichase@csa2.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE) writes:\n>pgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering) writes...\n>>Jeff.Cook@FtCollinsCO.NCR.COM (Jeff Cook) writes:\n>>>people in primitive tribes out in the middle of nowhere as they look up\n>>>and see a can of Budweiser flying across the sky... :-D\n\n>>Seen that movie already. Or one just like it.\n>>Come to think of it, they might send someone on\n>>a quest to get rid of the dang thing...\n\n> In one of his lesser known books (I can\'t\n> remember which one right now), the protagonists are in a balloon gondola,\n> travelling over Africa on their way around the world in the balloon...\n\n  That\'s _Five Weeks In A Balloon_.  And if anyone can tell me where to\nget it, I sure would like a reply!  I\'ve been looking for that book for\nTEN YEAR+, and never found it.  (Note that I am _not_ looking for a $200\ncollector\'s item; I\'m hoping that *someone* has published it in modern\ntimes, either in paperback or hardcover.  I\'m willing to spend $50 or\nso to get a copy.\n\n-- \n Keith Mancus    <mancus@butch.jsc.nasa.gov>                           |\n N5WVR           <mancus@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov>                        |\n "Black powder and alcohol, when your states and cities fall,          |\n  when your back\'s against the wall...." -Leslie Fish                  |\n',
  u'From: leech@cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech)\nSubject: Space FAQ 12/15 - Controversial Questions\nKeywords: Frequently Asked Questions\nArticle-I.D.: cs.controversy_733694426\nExpires: 6 May 1993 20:00:26 GMT\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill\nLines: 252\nSupersedes: <controversy_730956589@cs.unc.edu>\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mahler.cs.unc.edu\n\nArchive-name: space/controversy\nLast-modified: $Date: 93/04/01 14:39:06 $\n\nCONTROVERSIAL QUESTIONS\n\n    These issues periodically come up with much argument and few facts being\n    offered. The summaries below attempt to represent the position on which\n    much of the net community has settled. Please DON\'T bring them up again\n    unless there\'s something truly new to be discussed. The net can\'t set\n    public policy, that\'s what your representatives are for.\n\n\n    WHAT HAPPENED TO THE SATURN V PLANS\n\n    Despite a widespread belief to the contrary, the Saturn V blueprints\n    have not been lost. They are kept at Marshall Space Flight Center on\n    microfilm.\n\n    The problem in re-creating the Saturn V is not finding the drawings, it\n    is finding vendors who can supply mid-1960\'s vintage hardware (like\n    guidance system components), and the fact that the launch pads and VAB\n    have been converted to Space Shuttle use, so you have no place to launch\n    from.\n\n    By the time you redesign to accommodate available hardware and re-modify\n    the launch pads, you may as well have started from scratch with a clean\n    sheet design.\n\n\n    WHY DATA FROM SPACE MISSIONS ISN\'T IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE\n\n    Investigators associated with NASA missions are allowed exclusive access\n    for one year after the data is obtained in order to give them an\n    opportunity to analyze the data and publish results without being\n    "scooped" by people uninvolved in the mission. However, NASA frequently\n    releases examples (in non-digital form, e.g. photos) to the public early\n    in a mission.\n\n\n    RISKS OF NUCLEAR (RTG) POWER SOURCES FOR SPACE PROBES\n\n    There has been extensive discussion on this topic sparked by attempts to\n    block the Galileo and Ulysses launches on grounds of the plutonium\n    thermal sources being dangerous. Numerous studies claim that even in\n    worst-case scenarios (shuttle explosion during launch, or accidental\n    reentry at interplanetary velocities), the risks are extremely small.\n    Two interesting data points are (1) The May 1968 loss of two SNAP 19B2\n    RTGs, which landed intact in the Pacific Ocean after a Nimbus B weather\n    satellite failed to reach orbit. The fuel was recovered after 5 months\n    with no release of plutonium. (2) In April 1970, the Apollo 13 lunar\n    module reentered the atmosphere and its SNAP 27 RTG heat source, which\n    was jettisoned, fell intact into the 20,000 feet deep Tonga Trench in\n    the Pacific Ocean. The corrosion resistant materials of the RTG are\n    expected to prevent release of the fuel for a period of time equal to 10\n    half-lives of the Pu-238 fuel or about 870 years [DOE 1980].\n\n    To make your own informed judgement, some references you may wish to\n    pursue are:\n\n    A good review of the technical facts and issues is given by Daniel\n    Salisbury in "Radiation Risk and Planetary Exploration-- The RTG\n    Controversy," *Planetary Report*, May-June 1987, pages 3-7. Another good\n    article, which also reviews the events preceding Galileo\'s launch,\n    "Showdown at Pad 39-B," by Robert G. Nichols, appeared in the November\n    1989 issue of *Ad Astra*. (Both magazines are published by pro-space\n    organizations, the Planetary Society and the National Space Society\n    respectively.)\n\n    Gordon L Chipman, Jr., "Advanced Space Nuclear Systems" (AAS 82-261), in\n    *Developing the Space Frontier*, edited by Albert Naumann and Grover\n    Alexander, Univelt, 1983, p. 193-213.\n\n    "Hazards from Plutonium Toxicity", by Bernard L. Cohen, Health Physics,\n    Vol 32 (may) 1977, page 359-379.\n\n    NUS Corporation, Safety Status Report for the Ulysses Mission: Risk\n    Analysis (Book 1). Document number is NUS 5235; there is no GPO #;\n    published Jan 31, 1990.\n\n    NASA Office of Space Science and Applications, *Final Environmental\n    Impact Statement for the Ulysses Mission (Tier 2)*, (no serial number or\n    GPO number, but probably available from NTIS or NASA) June 1990.\n\n    [DOE 1980] U.S.  Department of Energy, *Transuranic Elements in the\n    Environment*, Wayne C.  Hanson, editor; DOE Document No.  DOE/TIC-22800;\n    Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., April 1980.)\n\n\n    IMPACT OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE ON THE OZONE LAYER\n\n    From time to time, claims are made that chemicals released from\n    the Space Shuttle\'s Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) are responsible\n    for a significant amount of damage to the ozone layer. Studies\n    indicate that they in reality have only a minute impact, both in\n    absolute terms and relative to other chemical sources. The\n    remainder of this item is a response from the author of the quoted\n    study, Charles Jackman.\n\n    The atmospheric modelling study of the space shuttle effects on the\n    stratosphere involved three independent theoretical groups, and was\n    organized by Dr. Michael Prather, NASA/Goddard Institute for Space\n    Studies.  The three groups involved Michael Prather and Maria Garcia\n    (NASA/GISS), Charlie Jackman and Anne Douglass (NASA/Goddard Space\n    Flight Center), and Malcolm Ko and Dak Sze (Atmospheric and\n    Environmental Research, Inc.).  The effort was to look at the effects\n    of the space shuttle and Titan rockets on the stratosphere.\n\n    The following are the estimated sources of stratospheric chlorine:\n\n       Industrial sources:    300,000,000 kilograms/year\n\t  Natural sources:     75,000,000 kilograms/year\n\t  Shuttle sources:\t  725,000 kilograms/year\n\n    The shuttle source assumes 9 space shuttles and 6 Titan rockets are\n    launched yearly. Thus the launches would add less than 0.25% to the\n    total stratospheric chlorine sources.\n\n    The effect on ozone is minimal:  global yearly average total ozone would\n    be decreased by 0.0065%. This is much less than total ozone variability\n    associated with volcanic activity and solar flares.\n\n    The influence of human-made chlorine products on ozone is computed\n    by atmospheric model calculations to be a 1% decrease in globally\n    averaged ozone between 1980 and 1990. The influence of the space shuttle and\n    Titan rockets on the stratosphere is negligible.  The launch\n    schedule of the Space Shuttle and Titan rockets would need to be\n    increased by over a factor of a hundred in order to have about\n    the same effect on ozone as our increases in industrial halocarbons\n    do at the present time.\n\n    Theoretical results of this study have been published in _The Space\n    Shuttle\'s Impact on the Stratosphere_, MJ Prather, MM Garcia, AR\n    Douglass, CH Jackman, M.K.W. Ko and N.D. Sze, Journal of Geophysical\n    Research, 95, 18583-18590, 1990.\n\n    Charles Jackman, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch,\n    Code 916, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,\n    Greenbelt, MD  20771\n\n    Also see _Chemical Rockets and the Environment_, A McDonald, R Bennett,\n    J Hinshaw, and M Barnes, Aerospace America, May 1991.\n\n\n    HOW LONG CAN A HUMAN LIVE UNPROTECTED IN SPACE\n\n    If you *don\'t* try to hold your breath, exposure to space for half a\n    minute or so is unlikely to produce permanent injury. Holding your\n    breath is likely to damage your lungs, something scuba divers have to\n    watch out for when ascending, and you\'ll have eardrum trouble if your\n    Eustachian tubes are badly plugged up, but theory predicts -- and animal\n    experiments confirm -- that otherwise, exposure to vacuum causes no\n    immediate injury. You do not explode. Your blood does not boil. You do\n    not freeze. You do not instantly lose consciousness.\n\n    Various minor problems (sunburn, possibly "the bends", certainly some\n    [mild, reversible, painless] swelling of skin and underlying tissue)\n    start after ten seconds or so. At some point you lose consciousness from\n    lack of oxygen. Injuries accumulate. After perhaps one or two minutes,\n    you\'re dying. The limits are not really known.\n\n    References:\n\n    _The Effect on the Chimpanzee of Rapid Decompression to a Near Vacuum_,\n    Alfred G. Koestler ed., NASA CR-329 (Nov 1965).\n\n    _Experimental Animal Decompression to a Near Vacuum Environment_, R.W.\n    Bancroft, J.E. Dunn, eds, Report SAM-TR-65-48 (June 1965), USAF School\n    of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, Texas.\n\n\n    HOW THE CHALLENGER ASTRONAUTS DIED\n\n    The Challenger shuttle launch was not destroyed in an explosion. This is\n    a well-documented fact; see the Rogers Commission report, for example.\n    What looked like an explosion was fuel burning after the external tank\n    came apart. The forces on the crew cabin were not sufficient to kill the\n    astronauts, never mind destroy their bodies, according to the Kerwin\n    team\'s medical/forensic report.\n\n    The astronauts were killed when the more-or-less intact cabin hit the\n    water at circa 200MPH, and their bodies then spent several weeks\n    underwater. Their remains were recovered, and after the Kerwin team\n    examined them, they were sent off to be buried.\n\n\n    USING THE SHUTTLE BEYOND LOW EARTH ORBIT\n\n    You can\'t use the shuttle orbiter for missions beyond low Earth orbit\n    because it can\'t get there. It is big and heavy and does not carry\n    enough fuel, even if you fill part of the cargo bay with tanks.\n\n    Furthermore, it is not particularly sensible to do so, because much of\n    that weight is things like wings, which are totally useless except in\n    the immediate vicinity of the Earth. The shuttle orbiter is highly\n    specialized for travel between Earth\'s surface and low orbit. Taking it\n    higher is enormously costly and wasteful. A much better approach would\n    be to use shuttle subsystems to build a specialized high-orbit\n    spacecraft.\n\n    [Yet another concise answer by Henry Spencer.]\n\n\n    THE "FACE ON MARS"\n\n    There really is a big rock on Mars that looks remarkably like a humanoid\n    face. It appears in two different frames of Viking Orbiter imagery:\n    35A72 (much more facelike in appearance, and the one more often\n    published, with the Sun 10 degrees above western horizon) and 70A13\n    (with the Sun 27 degrees from the west).\n\n    Science writer Richard Hoagland has championed the idea that the Face is\n    artificial, intended to resemble a human, and erected by an\n    extraterrestrial civilization. Most other analysts concede that the\n    resemblance is most likely accidental. Other Viking images show a\n    smiley-faced crater and a lava flow resembling Kermit the Frog elsewhere\n    on Mars. There exists a Mars Anomalies Research Society (sorry, don\'t\n    know the address) to study the Face.\n\n    The Mars Observer mission will carry an extremely high-resolution\n    camera, and better images of the formation will hopefully settle this\n    question in a few years. In the meantime, speculation about the Face is\n    best carried on in the altnet group alt.alien.visitors, not sci.space or\n    sci.astro.\n\n    V. DiPeitro and G. Molenaar, *Unusual Martian Surface Features*, Mars\n    Research, P.O. Box 284, Glen Dale, Maryland, USA, 1982. $18 by mail.\n\n    R.R. Pozos, *The Face of Mars*, Chicago Review Press, 1986. [Account of\n    an interdisciplinary speculative conference Hoagland organized to\n    investigate the Face]\n\n    R.C. Hoagland, *The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever*,\n    North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, California, USA, 1987. [Elaborate\n    discussion of evidence and speculation that formations near the Face\n    form a city]\n\n    M.J. Carlotto, "Digital Imagery Analysis of Unusual Martian Surface\n    Features," *Applied Optics*, 27, pp. 1926-1933, 1987. [Extracts\n    three-dimensional model for the Face from the 2-D images]\n\n    M.J. Carlotto & M.C. Stein, "A Method of Searching for Artificial\n    Objects on Planetary Surfaces," *Journal of the British Interplanetary\n    Society*, Vol. 43 no. 5 (May 1990), p.209-216. [Uses a fractal image\n    analysis model to guess whether the Face is artificial]\n\n    B. O\'Leary, "Analysis of Images of the `Face\' on Mars and Possible\n    Intelligent Origin," *JBIS*, Vol. 43 no. 5 (May 1990), p. 203-208.\n    [Lights Carlotto\'s model from the two angles and shows it\'s consistent;\n    shows that the Face doesn\'t look facelike if observed from the surface]\n\n\nNEXT: FAQ #13/15 - Space activist/interest/research groups & space publications\n',
  u'From: jonas-y@isy.liu.se (Jonas Yngvesson)\nSubject: Re: Point within a polygon\nKeywords: point, polygon\nOrganization: Dept of EE, University of Linkoping\nLines: 129\n\nscrowe@hemel.bull.co.uk (Simon Crowe) writes:\n\n>I am looking for an algorithm to determine if a given point is bound by a \n>polygon. Does anyone have any such code or a reference to book containing\n>information on the subject ?\n\nWell, it\'s been a while since this was discussed so i take the liberty of\nreprinting (without permission, so sue me) Eric Haines reprint of the very\ninteresting discussion of this topic...\n\n                /Jonas\n\n                         O /         \\ O\n------------------------- X snip snip X ------------------------------\n                         O \\         / O\n\n"Give a man a fish, and he\'ll eat one day.\nGive a man a fishing rod, and he\'ll laze around fishing and never do anything."\n\nWith that in mind, I reprint (without permission, so sue me) relevant\ninformation posted some years ago on this very problem.  Note the early use of\nPostScript technology, predating many of this year\'s papers listed in the\nApril 1st SIGGRAPH Program Announcement posted here a few days ago.\n\n-- Eric\n\n\nIntersection Between a Line and a Polygon (UNDECIDABLE??),\n\tby Dave Baraff, Tom Duff\n\n\tFrom: deb@charisma.graphics.cornell.edu\n\tNewsgroups: comp.graphics\n\tKeywords: P, NP, Jordan curve separation, Ursyhon Metrization Theorem\n\tOrganization: Program of Computer Graphics\n\nIn article [...] ncsmith@ndsuvax.UUCP (Timothy Lyle Smith) writes:\n>\n>  I need to find a formula/algorithm to determine if a line intersects\n>  a polygon.  I would prefer a method that would do this in as little\n>  time as possible.  I need this for use in a forward raytracing\n>  program.\n\nI think that this is a very difficult problem.  To start with, lines and\npolygons are semi-algebraic sets which both contain uncountable number of\npoints.  Here are a few off-the-cuff ideas.\n\nFirst, we need to check if the line and the polygon are separated.  Now, the\nJordan curve separation theorem says that the polygon divides the plane into\nexactly two open (and thus non-compact) regions.  Thus, the line lies\ncompletely inside the polygon, the line lies completely outside the polygon,\nor possibly (but this will rarely happen) the line intersects the polyon.\n\nNow, the phrasing of this question says "if a line intersects a polygon", so\nthis is a decision problem.  One possibility (the decision model approach) is\nto reduce the question to some other (well known) problem Q, and then try to\nsolve Q.  An answer to Q gives an answer to the original decision problem.\n\nIn recent years, many geometric problems have been successfully modeled in a\nnew language called PostScript.  (See "PostScript Language", by Adobe Systems\nIncorporated, ISBN # 0-201-10179-3, co. 1985).\n\nSo, given a line L and a polygon P, we can write a PostScript program that\ndraws the line L and the polygon P, and then "outputs" the answer.  By\n"output", we mean the program executes a command called "showpage", which\nactually prints a page of paper containing the line and the polygon.  A quick\nexamination of the paper provides an answer to the reduced problem Q, and thus\nthe original problem.\n\nThere are two small problems with this approach. \n\n\t(1) There is an infinite number of ways to encode L and P into the\n\treduced problem Q.  So, we will be forced to invoke the Axiom of\n\tChoice (or equivalently, Zorn\'s Lemma).  But the use of the Axiom of\n\tChoice is not regarded in a very serious light these days.\n\n\t(2) More importantly, the question arises as to whether or not the\n\tPostScript program Q will actually output a piece of paper; or in\n\tother words, will it halt?\n\n\tNow, PostScript is expressive enough to encode everything that a\n\tTuring Machine might do; thus the halting problem (for PostScript) is\n\tundecidable.  It is quite possible that the original problem will turn\n\tout to be undecidable.\n\n\nI won\'t even begin to go into other difficulties, such as aliasing, finite\nprecision and running out of ink, paper or both.\n\nA couple of references might be:\n\n1. Principia Mathematica.  Newton, I.  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,\n   England.  (Sorry, I don\'t have an ISBN# for this).\n\n2. An Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation.  Hopcroft, J\n   and Ulman, J.\n\n3. The C Programming Language. Kernighan, B and Ritchie, D.\n\n4. A Tale of Two Cities. Dickens, C.\n\n--------\n\nFrom: td@alice.UUCP (Tom Duff)\nSummary: Overkill.\nOrganization: AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ\n\nThe situation is not nearly as bleak as Baraff suggests (he should know\nbetter, he\'s hung around The Labs for long enough).  By the well known\nDobbin-Dullman reduction (see J. Dullman & D. Dobbin, J. Comp. Obfusc.\n37,ii:  pp. 33-947, lemma 17(a)) line-polygon intersection can be reduced to\nHamiltonian Circuit, without(!) the use of Grobner bases, so LPI (to coin an\nacronym) is probably only NP-complete.  Besides, Turing-completeness will no\nlonger be a problem once our Cray-3 is delivered, since it will be able to\ncomplete an infinite loop in 4 milliseconds (with scatter-gather.)\n\n--------\n\nFrom: deb@svax.cs.cornell.edu (David Baraff)\n\nWell, sure its no worse than NP-complete, but that\'s ONLY if you restrict\nyourself to the case where the line satisfies a Lipschitz condition on its\nsecond derivative.  (I think there\'s an \'89 SIGGRAPH paper from Caltech that\ndeals with this).\n\n--\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n J o n a s   Y n g v e s s o n          email: jonas-y@isy.liu.se\nDept. of Electrical Engineering\t        voice:  +46-(0)13-282162          \nUniversity of Linkoping, Sweden         fax  :  +46-(0)13-139282\n',
  u'From: hausner@qucis.queensu.ca (Alejo Hausner)\nSubject: Re: Long term Human Missions\nOrganization: M.Sc, C.S, Queen\'s, Kingston, Canada.\nLines: 18\n\nIn article <1993Apr28.133101.25145@rpslmc.edu> rek@siss81 (Robert Kaye) writes:\n>\n>Just a few contributions from the space program to "regular" society:\n>\n>1.\tCalculators\n>2.\tTeflon (So your eggs don\'t stick in the pan)\n\nSorry to split hairs, but I just read in "The making of the atomic\nbomb"(*) that teflon was developed during world war 2.  A sealant was\nneeded for the tubing in which uranium hexafluoride passed as it was\ngradually enriched by difussion.  UF6 is very corrosive, and some very\ninert yet flexible material was needed for the seals.\n\n>3.\tPacemakers (Kept my grandfather alive from 1976 until 1988)\n\nAlejo Hausner (hausner@qucis.queensu.ca)\n\n(*) Richard Rhodes, "The making of the atomic bomb", Simon and\n',
  u"From: pyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com (Dillon Pyron)\nSubject: Re: Space Research Spin Off\nLines: 24\nNntp-Posting-Host: skndiv.dseg.ti.com\nReply-To: pyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com\nOrganization: TI/DSEG VAX Support\n\n\nIn article <1psgs1$so4@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n>|\n>|The NASA habit of acquiring second-hand military aircraft and using\n>|them for testbeds can make things kind of confusing.  On the other\n>|hand, all those second-hand Navy planes give our test pilots a chance\n>|to fold the wings--something most pilots at Edwards Air Force Base\n>|can't do.\n>|\n>\n>What do you mean?  Overstress the wings,  and they fail at teh joints?\n>\n>You'll have to enlighten us in the hinterlands.\n\nNo, they fold on the dotted line.  Look at pictures of carriers with loads of\na/c on the deck, wings all neatly folded.\n--\nDillon Pyron                      | The opinions expressed are those of the\nTI/DSEG Lewisville VAX Support    | sender unless otherwise stated.\n(214)462-3556 (when I'm here)     |\n(214)492-4656 (when I'm home)     |God gave us weather so we wouldn't complain\npyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com          |about other things.\nPADI DM-54909                     |\n\n",
  u'From: jmeritt@mental.MITRE.ORG (Jim Meritt - System Admin)\nSubject: Keep Firm the foundations!\nOrganization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway\nLines: 6\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu\n\nJOB 26:7  He stretcheth out the north over the empty  place,  and\nhangeth the earth upon nothing.\n\nJOB 38:4  Where wast thou when I  laid  the  foundations  of  the\nearth? declare, if thou hast understanding.\n\n',
  u'From: phaedrus@IASTATE.EDU (James R. Goodfriend)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nReply-To: phaedrus@IASTATE.EDU (James R. Goodfriend)\nOrganization: Iowa State University\nLines: 32\n\nIn article <visser.735260518@convex.convex.com>, visser@convex.com (Lance\nVisser) writes:\n> In <bskendigC5qyJ2.GEw@netcom.com> bskendig@netcom.com (Brian Kendig) writes:\n> \n> +>b645zaw@utarlg.uta.edu (Stephen Tice) writes:\n> +>>\n> +>>One way or another -- so much for patience. Too bad you couldn\'t just \n> +>>wait. Was the prospect of God\'s Message just too much to take?\n> \n> +>So you believe that David Koresh really is Jesus Christ?\n> \n> \tThey cut off the water, there were no fire trucks present and\n> the FBI/ATF go blasting holes into the builing and firing gas munitions.\n> The building burns, almost everyone dies.  It probably doesn\'t bother\n> you much, but it bothers many other people.....most of whom dont believe\n> particularly in Koresh or his message.\n> \n> \tFour ATF agents and 90 branch Davidians are now dead because of\n> crazy tactics on the part of the ATF and FBI.\n> \n> \tAttorney General Vampira tells us that todays events were suppose\n> to "save" those in the compound.  Blowing holes in a building and\n> gassing those inside was supposed to "save" them?\n> \n> \n> \n\tPersonally, I think it was Mrs. O\'Leary\'s cow that knocked over that\nlantern...\n\n:*)\n\nphaedrus - The CyberPyrate\n',
  u'From: darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice)\nSubject: Re: Ancient islamic rituals\nOrganization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.\nLines: 29\n\nIn <ednclark.734054731@kraken> ednclark@kraken.itc.gu.edu.au (Jeffrey Clark) writes:\n\n>cfaehl@vesta.unm.edu (Chris Faehl) writes:\n\n>>Why is it more reasonable than the trend towards obesity and the trend towards\n>>depression? You can\'t just pick your two favorite trends, notice a correlation \n>>in them, and make a sweeping statement of generality. I mean, you CAN, and \n>>people HAVE, but that does not mean that it is a valid or reasonable thesis. \n>>At best it\'s a gross oversimplification of the push-pull factors people \n>>experience.  \n\n[...]\n>Basically the social interactions of all the changing factors in our society\n>are far too complicated for us to control. We just have to hold on to the\n>panic handles and hope that we are heading for a soft landing. But one\n>things for sure, depression and the destruction of the nuclear family is not\n>due solely to sex out of marriage.\n\nNote that I _never_ said that depression and the destruction of the\nnuclear family is due _solely_ to extra-marital sex.  I specifically\nsaid that it was "a prime cause" of this, not "the prime cause" or "the\nonly cause" of this -- I recognize that there are probably other factors\ntoo, but I think that extra-marital sex and subsequent destabilization\nof the family is probably a significant factor to the rise in\npsychological problems, including depression, in the West in the 20th\ncentury.\n\n Fred Rice\n darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au   \n',
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: The Inimitable Rushdie\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 20\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <115686@bu.edu> jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger) writes:\n\n>No, I say religious law applies to those who are categorized as\n>belonging to the religion when event being judged applies. This\n\n\n\tWho does the categorizing?\n\n\t\n---  \n\n  " I\'d Cheat on Hillary Too."\n\n   John Laws\n   Local GOP Reprehensitive\n   Extolling "Traditional Family Values."\n\n\n\n\n',
  u"From: rush@leland.Stanford.EDU (Voelkerding)\nSubject: Re: Death Penalty (was Re: Political Atheists?)\nOrganization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA\nLines: 52\n\nIn article <11812@vice.ICO.TEK.COM> bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert Beauchaine) writes:\n>In article <1993Apr14.205414.3982@leland.Stanford.EDU> rush@leland.Stanford.EDU (Voelkerding) writes:\n>>\n>>If we worry about the one case in 20,000 (or more) where an innocent man is\n>>convicted of something horrible enough to warrant the death penalty,  and\n>>hence put laws into place which make it virtually impossible to actually\n>>execute real criminals,  then the death penalty is not serving its original\n>>purpose.  It should either be changed or done away with.\n>>\n>\n>  I don't have numbers to back this up, so take the following\n>  accordingly.\n>\n>  You use an off-the-cuff number of 1 in 20,000 innocent people\n>  sentenced to die as an acceptable loss for the benefit of capital\n>  punishment.  I'd be very, very surprised if the ratio were that\n>  low.  There have been approximately a dozen known cases of the\n>  execution of the innocent in the US since the turn of the century.\n>  Have we in that same period sentenced 240,000 people to death?\n>  Accounting for those cases that we don't know the truth, it seems\n>  reasonable to assume that twice that many innocent people have in\n>  fact been executed.  That would raise the number of death\n>  sentences metered out since 1900 to half a million for your\n>  acceptance ratio to hold.  I rather doubt that's the case.\n>\n>\n>  The point, of course, is what *is* an acceptable loss.  1 in\n>  10,000?  Seems we're probably not doing even that well.  1 in 100?\n>  1 in 2?  Or should we perhaps find a better solution?\n>\n>/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\/\\ \n>\n>Bob Beauchaine bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM \n>\n\nAny suggestions as to what a better solution might be?  I realize the\noff-hand nature of the numbers I used.  And I can't answer as to what\nan acceptable loss rate is.  However,  as I said in another post,  I\ndespise the idea of supporting criminals for life.  It's the economics\nof the situation that concern me most.  The money spent feeding, clothing,\nhousing and taking care of people who have demonstrated that they are\nunfit to live in society could go to a number of places,  all of which\nI, and probably others,  would consider far more worthwhile and which\nwould enrish the lives of all Americans.  Give people jobs,  give the\nhomeless shelter.  Any number of things.\n\nClyde\n\n\n-- \nLittle girls,  like butterflies, don't need a reason!\n\t\t\t\t\t- Robert Heinlein\n",
  u'From: mangoe@cs.umd.edu (Charley Wingate)\nSubject: Re: A Little Too Satanic\nLines: 26\n\nJon Livesey writes:\n\n>So when they took the time to *copy* *the* *text* correctly, that includes\n>"obvious corruptions?"\n\nWell, yes.  This is the real mystery of the matter, and why I am rather\ndubious of a lot of the source theories.\n\nThere are a number of places where the Masoretic Text (MT) of the OT is\nobscure and presumably corrupted.  These are reproduced exactly from copy to\ncopy.  The DSS tend to reflect the same "errors".  This would appear to tell\nus that, at least from some point, people began to copy the texts very\nexactingly and mechanically.  The problem is, we don\'t know what they did\nbefore that.  But it seems as though accurate transmission begins at the\npoint at which the texts are perceived as texts.  They may be added to (and\nin some situations, such as the end of Mark, material is lost), but for the\nmost part there are no substantial changes to the existing text.\n\nYou\'re basically trying to make a mountain out of a molehill.  Some people\nlike to use the game of "telephone" as a metaphor for the transmission of\nthe texts.  This clearly wrong.  The texts are transmitted accurately.\n-- \nC. Wingate        + "The peace of God, it is no peace,\n                  +    but strife closed in the sod.\nmangoe@cs.umd.edu +  Yet, brothers, pray for but one thing:\ntove!mangoe       +    the marv\'lous peace of God."\n',
  u'From: bevans@carina.unm.edu (Mathemagician)\nSubject: Re: Alt.Atheism FAQ: Introduction to Atheism\nOrganization: Society for the Preservation of E. coli\nLines: 12\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: carina.unm.edu\nKeywords: FAQ, atheism\n\nI have an addition to the FAQ regarding "why are there no atheist\nhospitals."\n\nIf I recall correctly, Johns Hopkins was built to provide medical\nservices without the "backing" of a religious group...thus making it a\nhospital "dedicated to the glory of [weak] atheism."\n\nMight someone check up on this?\n\n-- \nBrian Evans                |     "Bad mood, bad mood...Sure I\'m in a bad mood!\nbevans@carina.unm.edu      |      I haven\'t had sex...*EVER!*" -- Virgin Mary\n',
  u"From: max@west.darkside.com (Erik Max Francis)\nSubject: Re: temperature of the dark sky\nOrganization: The Dark Side of the Moon +1 408 245 SPAM\nLines: 18\n\nhenry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n\n> Does anyone have a reference (something I can look up, not just your own\n> recollections -- I have a few of those myself) on the temperature of the\n> (night) sky as seen from space?\n\nThe temperature of intergalactic space (or intercluster or \nintersupercluster space) would be very, very close to the microwave \nbackground temperature, 2.73 kelvins.  I recall that in interstellar \nspace in our neighborhood of the galaxy it's something like 4 K.\n\nIs that what you were looking for?\n\n\nErik Max Francis, &tSftDotIotE ...!apple!uuwest!max max@west.darkside.com  __\nUSMail: 1070 Oakmont Dr. #1  San Jose, CA  95117  ICBM: 37 20 N  121 53 W /  \\\nIf you like strategic games of interstellar conquest, ask about UNIVERSE! \\__/\n-)(- Omnia quia sunt, lumina sunt.  All things that are, are lights. -)(-\n",
  u'From: Nanci Ann Miller <nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu>\nSubject: Re: Amusing atheists and agnostics\nOrganization: Sponsored account, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA\nLines: 33\nNNTP-Posting-Host: po4.andrew.cmu.edu\nIn-Reply-To: <timmbake.735196735@mcl>\n\ntimmbake@mcl.ucsb.edu (Bake Timmons) writes:\n> There lies the hypocrisy, dude.  Atheism takes as much faith as theism.  \n> Admit it!\n\nSome people might think it takes faith to be an atheist... but faith in\nwhat?  Does it take some kind of faith to say that the Great Invisible Pink\nUnicorn does not exist?  Does it take some kind of faith to say that Santa\nClaus does not exist?  If it does (and it may for some people I suppose) it\ncertainly isn\'t as big a leap of faith to say that these things (and god)\nDO exist.  (I suppose it depends on your notion and definition of "faith".)\n\nBesides... not believing in a god means one doesn\'t have to deal with all\nof the extra baggage that comes with it!  This leaves a person feeling\nwonderfully free, especially after beaten over the head with it for years!\nI agree that religion and belief is often an important psychological healer\nfor many people and for that reason I think it\'s important.  However,\ntrying to force a psychological fantasy (I don\'t mean that in a bad way,\nbut that\'s what it really is) on someone else who isn\'t interested is\nextremely rude.  What if I still believed in Santa Claus and said that my\nbelief in Santa did wonderful things for my life (making me a better\nperson, allowing me to live without guilt, etc...) and then tried to get\nyou to believe in Santa too just \'cuz he did so much for me?  You\'d call\nthe men in white coats as soon as you could get to a phone.\n\n> --\n> Bake Timmons, III\n\nNanci  (just babbling... :-))\n.........................................................................\nIf you know (and are SURE of) the author of this quote, please send me\nemail (nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu):\nSpring is nature\'s way of saying, \'Let\'s party!\'\n\n',
  u'From: apryan@vax1.tcd.ie\nSubject: U.K.: see Mir in evening skies!\nLines: 24\nNntp-Posting-Host: vax1.tcd.ie\nOrganization: Trinity College Dublin\nLines: 24\n\nAstronomy & Space magazine\'s UK telephone newsline carries the times to\nsee the Russian Space Station Mir which will be visible every EVENING (some\ntime between 9 o\'clock and midnight) from April 27 to May 7. It\'s about as\nbright as Jupiter at its best. There are two cosmonuats on board.\n\nFor the time to watch, tel. 0891-88-19-50 (48p/min peak 36p/min all other\ntimes, but prediction is at start of the weekly message so it only costs a\nfew pence).\n\nE-mail reports of sightings would be appreciated: give lat/long and UT (a\nfew seconds accuracy if possible) when it passes ABOVE or BELOW any bright\nstar (say brighter than mag. 3), planet or Moon.\n\nWith Moon in evening sky also, note that from somewhere in U.K. Mir will\npass in front of the Moon each night! Please alert local clubs to the\ntelephone newsline, and general public as Mir can cause quite a stir!\n\n-Tony Ryan, "Astronomy & Space", new International magazine, available from:\n              Astronomy Ireland, P.O.Box 2888, Dublin 1, Ireland.\n6 issues (one year sub.): UK 10.00 pounds, US$20 surface (add US$8 airmail).\nACCESS/VISA/MASTERCARD accepted (give number, expiration date, name&address).\n\n  (WORLD\'S LARGEST ASTRO. SOC. per capita - unless you know better? 0.033%)\nTel: 0891-88-1950 (UK/N.Ireland) 1550-111-442 (Eire). Cost up to 48p per min\n',
  u'From: dlunt@segovia.ct_exploit (Danny Lunt)\nSubject: Re: Is there an FTP achive for USGS terrain dat\nOrganization: Sun Microsystems, Inc.\nLines: 2\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: dlunt@segovia.ct_exploit\nNNTP-Posting-Host: segovia.sim.es.com\n\nTry spectrum.xerox.com [192.70.225.78] in /pub/map/dem.\n\n',
  u"From: exjob-17@dali.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Niclas Mattsson)\nSubject: WANTED: Grayscale dithering routine\nNntp-Posting-Host: dali.math.chalmers.se\nOrganization: Chalmers University of Technology\nLines: 15\n\nI have some color gifs which I would like to archive in a much smaller\nsize using a grayscale palette of 16 shades. The quantization to 16 grays\nintroduces some ugly bands in the pictures, which can be nicely eliminated\nby dithering. Up to now I have used XV to process the images, but now I\nwould like to automate the procedure.\n\nThe problem is that XV can't (I think) convert images automatically, and the\nobvious alternative PNMPLUS (PPMQUANT and PNMDITHER) don't even get close to\nXV's quality. PNMDITHER apparently dithers in RGB, even though the images\nare in grayscale. The dithering routine in XV seems to use the natural image\ncolors for the dither. Is this or any similar routine available in the\npublic domain? If so, where?  \n-- \nNiclas Mattsson\nexjob-17@math.chalmers.se\n",
  u"From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Why we like DC-X (was Re: Shuttle 0-Defects & Bizarre? DC-X?)\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt, MD USA\nLines: 26\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <1993May13.184233.6060@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:\n>\n>Hmmm.  Not sure what's required for ships.  Probably not much, since\n>if a ship goes down it doesn't hurt too many people other than those\n>on the ship and those who invested in it.  If a plane or spacecraft\n>goes down, it can make quite a nasty mess on the ground, should it\n>land in an inappropriate place.\n\n\nConsidering the magnitude of loss of life in both the Moro Castle\nand Titanic disasters,  I can't believe you can be so blithe\nthere fred.\n\nBesides if a LNG tanker breaks up in a close harbor, you can kiss\noff quite a lot of population.  same thing for any chemical\ntankers.\n\nI know the coast guard makes  mandatory safety equipment\nchecks on all watercraft.  they use this as an excuse to\nmake narcotics  searches, without warrants.\n\nI suspect, that  commercial craft need a certificate at least similiar\nin scope to an air worthiness certificate from the DOT.\n\npat\n\n",
  u'From: dsoconne@quads.uchicago.edu (Daniel S OConnell)\nSubject: Re: Religion and homosexuality\nKeywords: being liberal\nReply-To: dsoconne@midway.uchicago.edu\nOrganization: University of Chicago\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 32\n\n> magarret@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (COMPUTER DUDETTE) writes:\n\n>I just recently realized that I am bisexual, and also just recently returned to\n>religion, and have a good friend who has pointed out to me that homosexuality\n>is a sin in the bible.  Well, I don\'t see how it could be considered a sin,\n\nFirst of all as far as I know, only male homosexuality is explicitly\nmentioned in the bibles, so you\'re off the hook there, I think. In\nany event, there are *plenty* of people in many denominations who\ndo not consider a person\'s sexual identification of gay/lesbian/bisexual\nas an "immoral lifestyle choice"\n\n>Also, I have always been a somewhat liberal feminist, and am pro-choice, and it\n>seems that being pro-choice and being religious don\'t mix either.  I am told\n\nThis is another misconception. You are not being told the whole story.\n\nMy former minister is a lesbian, and I know personally and\nprofessionally several openly gay and lesbian ministers. I am\na Unitarian-Universalist and like most others in my denomination,\nam pro-choice. You needn\'t go looking to the Unitarian Universalists\n(which is a liberal religion) for acceptance of your sexual\nidentification and pro-choice views, however; there are many of us\nwho believe in spirituality AND freedom of conscience.\n\nGood Luck on your journey!\n\n-- \nDaniel O\'Connell\nMeadville/Lombard Theological School\nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School\n<dsoconne@uchicago.edu>\n',
  u'From: decay@cbnewsj.cb.att.com (dean.kaflowitz)\nSubject: Re: YOU WILL ALL GO TO HELL!!!\nOrganization: AT&T\nDistribution: na\nLines: 28\n\nIn article <healta.176.735768613@saturn.wwc.edu>, healta@saturn.wwc.edu (Tammy R Healy) writes:\n> In article <1993Apr25.020546.22426@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu> kcochran@nyx.cs.du.edu (Keith "Justified And Ancient" Cochran) writes:\n> >From: kcochran@nyx.cs.du.edu (Keith "Justified And Ancient" Cochran)\n> >Subject: Re: YOU WILL ALL GO TO HELL!!!\n> >Date: Sun, 25 Apr 93 02:05:46 GMT\n> >In article <8473@pharaoh.cyborg.bt.co.uk> martin@pharaoh.cyborg.bt.co.uk (Martin Gorman) writes:\n> >>JSN104@psuvm.psu.edu writes:\n> >>\n> >>>YOU BLASHEPHEMERS!!! YOU WILL ALL GO TO HELL FOR NOT BELIEVING IN GOD!!!!  BE\n> >>>PREPARED FOR YOUR ETERNAL DAMNATION!!!\n> >>>\n> >>Oh fuck off.\n> >\n> >Actually, I just think he\'s confused.  *I\'m* going to hell because I\'m Gay,\n> >not becuase I don\'t believe in God.\n> >\n> >(I wonder if that means I can\'t come to Tammy & Deans picnic?)\n> \n> Of course you can come.  I said "ALL a.a posters are invited" and I didn\'t \n> put a "No homosexual" clause.  Bring some munchies and join the party!!!\n> I can\'t imagine Dean objecting, either.\n\nKnowing Keith, I expect he\'ll bring the leather accessories.\n\nBetter oil it well.  Leather cracks when it dries.\n\nDean Kaflowitz\n\n',
  u"From: freemant@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk (Toby Freeman,TJF,G151,3344813,OCT95, )\nSubject: Re: CorelDraw Bitmap to SCODAL\nNntp-Posting-Host: speedwell\nReply-To: freemant@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk\nOrganization: Dept. of Computing Science, Glasgow University, Glasgow.\nLines: 38\n\n>Does anyone know of software that will allow\n>you to convert CorelDraw (.CDR) files\n>containing bitmaps to SCODAL, as this is the\n>only format our bureau's filmrecorder recognises.\n>\n>Jeff Lyall\n\nI used this combination for a while - A QCR-Z recorder,\nI think - and as far as I remember Corel can EXPORT in\nSCODAL (.scd) format.  Just select 'EXPORT' on the main\nfile menu.  This may not be implemented in earlier versions,\nof course, in which case you're on your own!!!\n\nAlso, I seem to think that the s/w for the QCR-Z (at the time)\ndid strange (and very undesirable) things if ANY part of the\npic was outside the screen area on Corel.  I once spent an\nafternoon painfully discovering that ONE pixel had somehow\nstrayed off-screen, causing my whole slide to be blank!!!\n\nThe QCR-Z also couldn't handle grad-fill over grad-fill -\nso if you use a graduated colour background, if you then\ngrad-fill an object on top of this, the fill appears on the\nfinal slide as a circle (I think) and TOTALLY IGNORES the\nshape of the object being filled!!!\n\nOf course, if the recorder isn't a QCR, you can ignore all\nthis and feel suitably :-)\n\nCheers, Toby.\n____________________________________._.____._.__________._.__________._.______\n____________________________________!  \\__/  !__________!_!__________! !______\n___!                            !___! . \\/ . !___.__.___._.___.___._.! !__.___\n___! Toby Freeman               !___! !\\  /! !__/ __ \\__! !__/ .__!_!. .__!___\n___! Glasgow University         !___! !_\\/_! !_! !__! !_! !_! <__.___! !______\n___! freemant@uk.ac.glasgow.dcs !___! !____! !_! !__! !_! !__\\___ \\__! !______\n___!____________________________!___! !____! !_! !__! !_! !_.____> !_! !__.___\n____________________________________!_!____!_!__\\____/__!_!_!_____/___\\___!___\n\n",
  u"From: zyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh)\nSubject: Definition of Occlusion\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 14\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: caspian.usc.edu\nKeywords: occlusion\n\n\nHi! Everyone,\n\nI don't clearly understand 'occlusion' in computer graphics.\nWould you please give me an explanation?\n\nBTW, what's the difference between 'occluded surface' and opaque surface?\n\nThanks in advance.\n\nYeh\nUSC\n\n\n",
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Is it good that Jesus died?\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <1993Apr23.210109.21120@organpipe.uug.arizona.edu>,\nbrian@lpl.arizona.edu (Brian Ceccarelli 602/621-9615) wrote:\n> > Hmm, it seems that this is the core of Christianity then, you \n> > have to feel guilty . . . \n> \n> I think I see where you are coming from Kent.  Jesus doesn\'t view\n> guilt like our modern venacular colors it.   \n> \n> "Feelings" have nothing to do with guilt.  Feelings arise from the state of \n> being guilty.  Feeling and guilt are mutally exclusive.  Feelings are a \n> reaction from guilt.  Jesus is talking about the guilt state, not the \n> reaction.   Let me give you an example:\n> \n> Have you ever made a mistake?  Have you ever lied to someone?  Even a\n> little white lie?   Have you ever claimed to know something that you really \n> didn\'t know?  Have you ever hated someone?  Have you ever been selfish?\n> Are you guilty of any one of these?   The answer is of course, YES.  You\n> are guilty.  Period.  That is it what Jesus is getting at.  No big surprise.  \n> Feelings do not even enter the picture.   Consider Jesus\'s use of the word\n> "guilt" as how a court uses it.\n\nI\'ve done all those things, and I\'ve regretted it, and I learned \na lesson or two. So far an aspirin, a good talk with your wife,\nor a one week vacation has cured me -- no need for group therapy\nor strange religions!\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u'From: jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins)\nSubject: Re: Conference on Manned Lunar Exploration. May 7 Crystal City\nDistribution: na\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 18\n\nprb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n\n>AW&ST  had a brief blurb on a Manned Lunar Exploration confernce\n>May 7th  at Crystal City Virginia, under the auspices of AIAA.\n\n>Does anyone know more about this?  How much, to attend????\n\nA good summary has been posted (thanks), but I wanted to add another comment.\nI remeber reading the comment that General Dynamics was tied into this, in \nconnection with their proposal for an early manned landing.  Sorry I don\'t \nrember where I heard this, but I\'m fairly sure it was somewhere reputable. \nAnyone else know anything on this angle?\n\nHrumph.  They didn\'t send _me_ anything :(\n-- \nJosh Hopkins                                          jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu\n\t\t    "Find a way or make one."\n\t             -attributed to Hannibal\n',
  u"From: wes@uf.msc.edu (Wes Barris)\nSubject: Re: HELP: Need 24 bits viewer\nKeywords: 24 bit\nReply-To: wes@msc.edu\nOrganization: AHPCRC, Minnesota Supercomputer Center\nLines: 22\n\nIn article <1993Apr27.152315.12305@nessie.mcc.ac.uk>, lilley@v5.cgu.mcc.ac.uk (Chris Lilley) writes:\n|> \n|> In article <5713@seti.inria.fr>, deniaud@cartoon.inria.fr (Gilles Deniaud) writes:\n|> \n|> >I'm looking for a program which is able to display 24 bits\n|> >images. We are using a Sun Sparc equipped with Parallax\n|> >graphics board running X11.\n|> \n|> Utah raster toolkit using getx11. Convert your sun raster files (presumably) to \n|> ppm with the pbm+ toolkit then convert ppm to utah rle format with ppmtorle which\n|> is provided in the toolkit.\n\nOr just use the URT tool: rastorle.\n\n|> \n|> I seem to remember that Xloadimage can do 24 bit servers too.\n\nYes, both it and the newer xli can.\n\n===============================================================================\nWes Barris                                                   PH: (612) 626-8090\nMinnesota Supercomputer Center, Inc.                         Email: wes@msc.edu\n",
  u"Subject: Re: Americans and Evolution\nFrom: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nReply-To: halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat)\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <j0=5l3=@rpi.edu>, johnsd2@jec322.its.rpi.edu (Dan Johnson) writes:\n>In article 143048IO30436@MAINE.MAINE.EDU, <IO30436@MAINE.MAINE.EDU> () writes:\n\nDan Johnson-\n\nYou don't know me, but take this hand anyway.  Bravo for GO(DS) = 0. \nBeautiful!  Simply beautiful!\n\n-jim halat\n\n",
  u'From: higgins@fnalf.fnal.gov (Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey)\nSubject: Sixty-two thousand (was Re: How many read sci.space?)\nOrganization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory\nLines: 67\nNNTP-Posting-Host: fnalf.fnal.gov\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.072429.10206@sol.UVic.CA>, rborden@ugly.UVic.CA (Ross  Borden) writes:\n> In article <734850108.F00002@permanet.org> Mark.Prado@p2.f349.n109.z1.permanet.org (Mark Prado) writes:\n>>\n>>One could go on and on and on here, but I wonder ... how\n>>many people read sci.space and of what power/influence are\n>>these individuals?\n>>\n> \tQuick!  Everyone who sees this, post a reply that says:\n> \n> \t\t\t"Hey, I read sci.space!"\n> \n> Then we can count them, and find out how many there are! :-)\n> (This will also help answer that nagging question: "Just what is\n> the maximum bandwidth of the Internet, anyways?")\n\nA practical suggestion, to be sure, but one could *also* peek into\nnews.lists, where Brian Reid has posted "USENET Readership report for\nMar 93." Another posting called "USENET READERSHIP SUMMARY REPORT FOR\nMAR 93" gives the methodology and caveats of Reid\'s survey.  (These\npostings failed to appear for a while-- I wonder why?-- but they are\nnow back.)\n\nReid, alas, gives us no measure of the "power/influence" of readers...\nSorry, Mark.\n\nI suspect Mark, dangling out there on Fidonet, may not get news.lists\nso I\'ve mailed him copies of these reports.\n\nThe bottom line?\n\n        +-- Estimated total number of people who read the group, worldwide.\n        |     +-- Actual number of readers in sampled population\n        |     |     +-- Propagation: how many sites receive this group at all\n        |     |     |      +-- Recent traffic (messages per month)\n        |     |     |      |      +-- Recent traffic (kilobytes per month)\n        |     |     |      |      |      +-- Crossposting percentage\n        |     |     |      |      |      |    +-- Cost ratio: $US/month/rdr\n        |     |     |      |      |      |    |      +-- Share: % of newsrders\n        |     |     |      |      |      |    |      |   who read this group.\n        V     V     V      V      V      V    V      V\n  88  62000  1493   80%  1958  4283.9    19%  0.10   2.9%  sci.space \n\nThe first figure indicates that sci.space ranks 88th among most-read\nnewsgroups.\n\nI\'ve been keeping track sporadically to watch the growth of traffic\nand readership.  You might be entertained to see this.\n\nOct 91   55  71000  1387   84%   718  1865.2    21%  0.04   4.2%  sci.space\nMar 92   43  85000  1741   82%  1207  2727.2    13%  0.06   4.1%  sci.space\nJul 92   48  94000  1550   80%  1044  2448.3    12%  0.04   3.8%  sci.space\nMay 92   45  94000  2023   82%   834  1744.8    13%  0.04   4.1%  sci.space\n(some kind of glitch in estimating number of readers happens here)\nSep 92   45  51000  1690   80%  1420  3541.2    16%  0.11   3.6%  sci.space \nNov 92   78  47000  1372   81%  1220  2633.2    17%  0.08   2.8%  sci.space \n(revision in ranking groups happens here(?))\nMar 93   88  62000  1493   80%  1958  4283.9    19%  0.10   2.9%  sci.space \n\nPossibly old Usenet hands could give me some more background on how to\ninterpret these figures, glitches, or the history of Reid\'s reporting\neffort.  Take it to e-mail-- it doesn\'t belong in sci.space.\n\nBill Higgins, Beam Jockey              | In a churchyard in the valley\nFermi National Accelerator Laboratory  | Where the myrtle doth entwine\nBitnet:           HIGGINS@FNAL.BITNET  | There grow roses and other posies\nInternet:       HIGGINS@FNAL.FNAL.GOV  | Fertilized by Clementine.\nSPAN/Hepnet:           43011::HIGGINS  |\n',
  u'From: leech@cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech)\nSubject: Space FAQ 15/15 - Orbital and Planetary Launch Services\nSupersedes: <launchers_730956689@cs.unc.edu>\nOrganization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill\nLines: 195\nDistribution: world\nExpires: 6 May 1993 20:02:47 GMT\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mahler.cs.unc.edu\nKeywords: Frequently Asked Questions\n\nArchive-name: space/launchers\nLast-modified: $Date: 93/04/01 14:39:11 $\n\nORBITAL AND PLANETARY LAUNCH SERVICES\n\nThe following data comes from _International Reference Guide to Space Launch\nSystems_ by Steven J. Isakowitz, 1991 edition.\n\nNotes:\n    * Unless otherwise specified, LEO and polar paylaods are for a 100 nm\n\torbit.\n    * Reliablity data includes launches through Dec, 1990. Reliabity for a\n\tfamiliy of vehicles includes launches by types no longer built when\n\tapplicable\n    * Prices are in millions of 1990 $US and are subject to change.\n    * Only operational vehicle families are included. Individual vehicles\n\twhich have not yet flown are marked by an asterisk (*) If a vehicle\n\thad first launch after publication of my data, it may still be\n\tmarked with an asterisk.\n\n\nVehicle        |     Payload  kg  (lbs)   | Reliability | Price | Launch Site\n(nation)       |  LEO\t   Polar    GTO   |\t\t|\t| (Lat. & Long.)\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAriane\t\t\t\t\t    35/40  87.5%\t  Kourou\n(ESA)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t (5.2 N, 52.8 W)\n  AR40\t\t4,900\t  3,900    1,900    1/1\t\t  $65m\n\t       (10,800)  (8,580)  (4,190)\n  AR42P\t\t6,100\t  4,800    2,600    1/1\t\t  $67m\n\t       (13,400)  (10,600) (5,730)\n  AR44P\t\t6,900\t  5,500    3,000    0/0 ?\t  $70m\n\t       (15,200)  (12,100) (6,610)\n  AR42L\t\t7,400\t  5,900    3,200    0/0 ?\t  $90m\n\t       (16,300)  (13,000) (7,050)\n  AR44LP\t8,300\t  6,600    3,700    6/6\t\t  $95m\n\t       (18,300)  (14,500) (8,160)\n  AR44L\t\t9,600\t  7,700    4,200    3/4\t\t  $115m\n\t       (21,100)  (16,900) (9,260)\n\n* AR5\t       18,000\t   ???\t   6,800    0/0\t\t  $105m\n\t      (39,600)\t\t  (15,000)\n\t       [300nm]\n\n\nAtlas\t\t\t\t\t   213/245 86.9%\t Cape Canaveral\n(USA)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t (28.5 N, 81.0W)\n  Atlas E\t --\t   820\t     --     15/17\t  $45m\t Vandeberg AFB\n\t\t\t  (1,800)\t\t\t\t(34.7 N, 120.6W)\n\n  Atlas I\t5,580\t  4,670    2,250    1/1\t\t  $70m\n\t       (12,300)  (10,300) (4,950)\n\n  Atlas II\t6,395\t  5,400    2,680    0/0\t\t  $75m\n\t       (14,100)  (11,900) (5,900)\n\n  Atlas IIA\t6,760\t  5,715    2,810    0/0\t\t  $85m\n\t       (14,900)  (12,600) (6,200)\n\n* Atlas IIAS\t8,390\t  6,805    3,490    0/0\t\t  $115m\n\t       (18,500)  (15,000) (7,700)\n\n\nDelta\t\t\t\t\t   189/201 94.0%\t Cape Canaveral\n(USA)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Vandenberg AFB\n  Delta 6925\t3,900\t  2,950    1,450   14/14\t  $45m\n\t       (8,780)\t (6,490)  (3,190)\n\n  Delta 7925\t5,045\t  3,830    1,820    1/1\t\t  $50m\n\t       (11,100)  (8,420)  (2,000)\n\n\nEnergia\t\t\t\t\t    2/2  100%\t\t Baikonur\n(Russia)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t (45.6 N 63.4 E)\n  Energia      88,000\t 80,000     ???     2/2\t\t  $110m\n\t      (194,000) (176,000)\n\n\nH series\t\t\t\t    22/22 100%\t\t Tangeshima\n(Japan)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(30.2 N 130.6 E)\n* H-2\t       10,500\t 6,600\t   4,000    0/0\t\t  $110m\n\t      (23,000)\t(14,500)  (8,800)\n\n\nKosmos\t\t\t\t\t   371/377 98.4%\t Plestek\n(Russia)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t (62.8 N 40.1 E)\n  Kosmos      1100 - 1350  (2300 - 3000)\t\t $???\t Kapustin Yar\n\t      [400 km orbit ??? inclination]\t\t\t (48.4 N 45.8 E)\n\n\nLong March\t\t\t\t    23/25 92.0%\t\t Jiquan SLC\n(China)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t (41 N\t100 E)\n* CZ-1D\t\t 720\t  ???\t    200     0/0\t\t  $10m\t Xichang SLC\n\t\t(1,590)\t\t   (440)\t\t\t (28 N\t102 E)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Taiyuan SLC\n  CZ-2C\t\t3,200\t  1,750    1,000    12/12\t  $20m\t (41 N\t100 E)\n\t       (7,040)\t (3,860)  (2,200)\n\n  CZ-2E\t\t9,200\t   ???\t   3,370    1/1\t\t  $40m\n\t       (20,300)\t\t  (7,430)\n\n* CZ-2E/HO     13,600\t   ???\t   4,500    0/0\t\t  $???\n\t      (29,900)\t\t  (9,900)\n\n  CZ-3\t\t???\t   ???\t   1,400    6/7\t\t  $33m\n\t\t\t\t  (3,100)\n\n* CZ-3A\t\t???\t   ???\t   2,500    0/0\t\t  $???m\n\t\t\t\t  (5,500)\n\n  CZ-4\t\t4,000\t   ???\t   1,100    2/2\t\t  $???m\n\t       (8,800)\t\t  (2,430)\n\n\nPegasus/Taurus\t\t\t\t    2/2   100%\t\tPeg:  B-52/L1011\n(USA)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTaur: Canaveral\n  Pegasus\t 455\t   365\t    125     2/2\t\t  $10m\t  or Vandenberg\n\t\t(1,000)   (800)    (275)\n\n* Taurus\t1,450\t  1,180     375     0/0\t\t  $15m\n\t       (3,200)\t (2,600)   (830)\n\n\nProton\t\t\t\t\t   164/187 87.7%\t Baikonour\n(Russia)\n  Proton       20,000\t   ???\t   5,500   164/187\t  $35-70m\n\t      (44,100)\t\t  (12,200)\n\n\nSCOUT\t\t\t\t\t    99/113 87.6%\tVandenberg AFB\n(USA)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWallops FF\n  SCOUT G-1\t 270\t   210\t    54\t    13/13\t  $12m\t(37.9 N  75.4 W)\n\t\t(600)\t  (460)    (120)\t\t\tSan Marco\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(2.9 S\t40.3 E)\n* Enhanced SCOUT 525\t   372\t   110\t    0/0\t\t  $15m\n\t\t(1,160)   (820)   (240)\n\n\nShavit\t\t\t\t\t    2/2   100%\t\tPalmachim AFB\n(Israel)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t( ~31 N)\n  Shavit\t ???\t   160\t   ???\t    2/2\t\t  $22m\n\t\t\t  (350)\n\nSpace Shuttle\t\t\t\t    37/38  97.4%\tKennedy Space\n(USA)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCenter\n  Shuttle/SRB  23,500\t   ???\t   5,900    37/38\t  $248m (28.5 N 81.0 W)\n\t      (51,800)\t\t  (13,000)\t\t  [FY88]\n\n* Shuttle/ASRM 27,100\t   ???\t   ???\t    0/0\n\t      (59,800)\n\n\nSLV\t\t\t\t\t    2/6    33.3%\tSHAR Center\n(India)       (400km)  (900km polar)\t\t\t\t(13.9 N 80.4 E)\n  ASLV\t\t150\t   ???\t    ???     0/2\t\t  $???m\n\t       (330)\n\n* PSLV\t\t3,000\t  1,000     450     0/0\t\t  $???m\n\t       (6,600)\t (2,200)   (990)\n\n* GSLV\t\t8,000\t   ???\t   2,500    0/0\t\t  $???m\n\t       (17,600)\t\t  (5,500)\n\n\nTitan\t\t\t\t\t    160/172 93.0%\tCape Canaveral\n(USA)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVandenberg\n  Titan II\t ???\t  1,905     ???     2/2\t\t   $43m\n\t\t\t (4,200)\n\n  Titan III    14,515\t  ???\t   5,000    2/3\t\t   $140m\n\t      (32,000)\t\t  (11,000)\n\n  Titan IV/SRM 17,700\t 14,100    6,350    3/3\t\t   $154m-$227m\n\t      (39,000)\t(31,100)  (14,000)\n\n Titan IV/SRMU 21,640\t 18,600    8,620    0/0\t\t   $???m\n\t      (47,700)\t(41,000)  (19,000)\n\n\nVostok\t\t\t\t\t    1358/1401 96.9%\tBaikonur\n(Russia)\t\t [650km]\t\t\t\tPlesetsk\n  Vostok\t4,730\t  1,840     ???     ?/149\t   $14m\n\t      (10,400)\t(4,060)\n\n  Soyuz\t\t7,000\t   ???\t    ???     ?/944\t   $15m\n\t      (15,400)\n\n  Molniya\t1500kg (3300 lbs) in\t    ?/258\t   $???M\n\t\tHighly eliptical orbit\n\n\nZenit\t\t\t\t\t    12/13  92.3%\tBaikonur\n(Russia)\n  Zenit        13,740\t 11,380    4,300    12/13\t   $65m\n\t      (30,300)\t(25,090)  (9,480)\n',
  u"From: decay@cbnewsj.cb.att.com (dean.kaflowitz)\nSubject: Re: some thoughts.\nOrganization: AT&T\nDistribution: na\nLines: 13\n\nIn article <EDM.93Apr15104322@gocart.twisto.compaq.com>, edm@twisto.compaq.com (Ed McCreary) writes:\n> >>>>> On Thu, 15 Apr 1993 04:54:38 GMT, bissda@saturn.wwc.edu (DAN LAWRENCE BISSELL) said:\n> \n> DLB> \tFirst I want to start right out and say that I'm a Christian.  It \n> DLB> makes sense to be one.  Have any of you read Tony Campollo's book- liar, \n> DLB>lunatic, or the real thing?  (I might be a little off on the title, but he \n> DLB>writes the book.  Anyway he was part of an effort to destroy Christianity, \n> DLB> in the process he became a Christian himself.\n> \n> Here we go again...\n\nJust the friendly folks at Christian Central, come to save you.\n\n",
  u'From: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\nSubject: Re: university violating separation of church/state?\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nX-Newsreader: rusnews v1.01\nLines: 29\n\ndmn@kepler.unh.edu (...until kings become philosophers or philosophers become kings) writes:\n>      Recently, RAs have been ordered (and none have resisted or cared about\n> it apparently) to post a religious flyer entitled _The Soul Scroll: Thoughts\n> on religion, spirituality, and matters of the soul_ on the inside of bathroom\n> stall doors. (at my school, the University of New Hampshire) It is some sort\n> of newsletter assembled by a Hall Director somewhere on campus. It poses a\n> question about \'spirituality\' each issue, and solicits responses to be \n> included in the next \'issue.\' It\'s all pretty vague. I assume it\'s put out\n> by a Christian, but they\'re very careful not to mention Jesus or the bible.\n> I\'ve heard someone defend it, saying "Well it doesn\'t support any one religion.\n> " So what??? This is a STATE university, and as a strong supporter of the\n> separation of church and state, I was enraged.\n> \n>      What can I do about this?\n\nIt sounds to me like it\'s just SCREAMING OUT for parody.  Give a copy to your\nfriendly neighbourhood SubGenius preacher; with luck, he\'ll run it through the\nmental mincer and hand you back an outrageously offensive and gut-bustingly\nfunny parody you can paste over the originals.\n\nI can see it now:\n\n                               The Stool Scroll\n         Thoughts on Religion, Spirituality, and Matters of the Colon\n\n                       (You can use this text to wipe)\n\n\nmathew\n',
  u"From: cj195@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (John W. Redelfs)\nSubject: Re: Who's next?  Mormons and Jews?\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)\nLines: 17\nReply-To: cj195@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (John W. Redelfs)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu\n\n\n\n>...in other words faith in a .357 is far stronger than faith in a \n>God providing a miracle for his followers. Interesting. Now, if \n>David Korresh was God, why couldn't he use lightning instead of \n>semi-automatic rifles? It seems even he didn't trust in himself.\n>\n>Cheers,\n>Kent\n>---\n>sandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n\nIn the hands of a defender, a .357 _is_ a miracle from God.  He helps those \nwho help themselves.  Or haven't you ever heard that one before?\n-- \n------------ John W. Redelfs, cj195@cleveland.freenet.edu -------------\n--------- All my opinions are tentative pending further data. ---------\n",
  u"From: rwd4f@poe.acc.Virginia.EDU (Rob Dobson)\nSubject: Re: That Kill by Sword, Must be Killed by Sword\nOrganization: University of Virginia\nLines: 30\n\nIn article <sandvik-210493225738@sandvik-kent.apple.com> sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n>In article <C5uvvD.GDD@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU>,\n>rwd4f@poe.acc.Virginia.EDU (Rob Dobson) wrote:\n>> I am also unhappy (or actually, very suspicious) that the FBI was dismissing\n>> out of hand any chances that they might have accidentally set the blaze \n>> themselves. I mean, I guess we are just supposed to believe that\n>> ramming modified tanks into the walls of a building and injecting\n>> toxic gases into the building are just routine procedures, no WAY\n>> anything could go wrong.\n>\n>My core point was, and still is, that 19 children died, and Mr.\n>Koresh could just have opened the door and asked the children to\n>go out before all this happened. You might blaim FBI, ATF,\n>President Clinton, Satan, Pepsi Coke or anything else, but\n>you can't avoid the fact that one single action would have \n>saved small children from a dreadful and painful death.\n\n1) Well, Mr Koresh allowed other children and adults to leave the compound\nduring the course of the siege; why didnt these children leave then?\nI dont know myself, and certainly havent heard any answers on this here.\n\n2) Yes, one simple non-action, ie NOT attacking the compound with\nmodified tanks, would have prevented this tragedy. I bet you blamed\nthe MOVE people for the deaths that occurred in adjacent row\nhouses in Philadelphia, not the government which dropped the\nfirebomb, right?\n\n\n--\nLegalize Freedom\n",
  u'From: freed@nss.org (Bev Freed)\nSubject: FAQs\nOrganization: The NSS BBS, Pittsburgh PA (412) 366-5208\nLines: 8\n\nI was wondering if the FAQ files could be posted quarterly rather than monthly.  Every 28-30 days, I get this bloated feeling.\n \n\n\n--  \nBev Freed - via FidoNet node 1:129/104\nUUCP: ...!pitt!nss!freed\nINTERNET: freed@nss.org\n',
  u'From: mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee)\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\nOrganization: Royal Roads Military College, Victoria, B.C.\nLines: 99\n\n\nIn article <1r1ma9INNno7@owl.csrv.uidaho.edu>, lanph872@crow.csrv.uidaho.edu (Rob Lanphier) writes:\n|> Malcolm Lee (mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca) wrote:\n|> \n|> : Do you consider Neo-Nazis and white supremists to be Christian?  I\'d hardly\n|> : classify them as Christian.  Do they follow the teachings of Christ?  Love\n|> : one another.  Love your neighbour as yourself.  Love your enemies.  Is Jesus\n|> : Christ their Lord and Saviour?  By the persecution of Jews, they are violating\n|> : all the precepts of what Christ died for.  They are in direct violation of\n|> : the teachings of Christ.  Even Jesus who was crucified by the Jewish leaders\n|> : of that time, loved His enemies by asking the Father for forgiveness of their\n|> : sins.  I am a Christian and I bear no animosity towards Jews or any one else.\n|> : The enemy is Satan, not our fellow man.\n|> \n|> In Mark 16:16, Jesus is quoted as saying "Whoever believes and is baptized\n|> will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned."  I\n|> consider most Neo-Nazis and White Supremisists to be Christians because:\n|> a)  They say they are\n|> b)  They feel it necessary to justify their actions with the Bible\n|> \n\nWhere does it say in the bible that Christians are supposed to persecute\nJews?  Isn\'t it love your enemies instead?  They may say they are "Christian"\nbut do their actions speak differently?  Do you believe what everyone tells\nyou?  I don\'t.  I came to believe in God by my own investigation and conclusions.\nAnd ultimately by my own choice.  Salvation, however, was granted only through\nthe grace of God.\n\n|> The Bible provides us with no clear definition of what a Christian is.  It\n|> tells us what a Christian *should* do, but then it goes on to say that as\n|> long as you believe, your sins will be forgiven.  \n\nTo be a Christian is to model oneself after Jesus Christ as implied by the\nvery name Christian.  If you say you believe in your head but do not feel in\nyour heart, what does that say of your belief?\n\n|> White Supremisists and\n|> Neo-Nazis may not be your brand of Christian, but by believing in Christ,\n|> they are Christian.\n|>\n\nWhite supremists and Neo-Nazis are NOT any brand of Christian.\n\n"If you hate your whom you can see then how can you love God whom you cannot\n see?"\n\nWhat does this belief entail?  Believing in Christ and having your sins\nforgiven in His name does NOT give a Christian a free licence to sin.  To\nrepent of a sin is to ask forgiveness of that sin and TRY NOT to do it\nagain.  I am a Christian, but if you lump me in with racists and accuse me\nof being such, then are you not pre-judging me?  BTW, I am of Chinese racial\nbackground and I know what it is to be part of a visible minority in this\ncountry.  I don\'t think that I would be favourably looked upon by these\nWhite supremist "Christians" as you call them.\n\nAnyone can say what they believe, but if they don\'t practice what they preach,\nthen their belief is false.  Do you concur?\n \n|> Now, for your original statement:\n|> : |> : What bothers me most is why people who have no religious affiliation \n|> : |> : continue to persecute Jews?  Why this hatred of Jews?  The majority of\n|> : |> : people who persecute Jews are NOT Christians (I can\'t speak for all \n|> : |> : Christians and there are bound to be a few who are on the anti-Semitism\n|> : |> : bandwagon.)\n|> \n|> You imply here that it is predominately atheists and agnostics who\n|> persecute Jews.  I am hard pressed to think of even an example of Jewish\n|> persecution in the hands of atheists/agnostics.\n\nNazis and racists in general are the ones that come to my immediate attention.\nWhat I believe is that such people may be using the bible to mask their racial\nintolerance and bigotry.  They can do as they do and hide behind Christianity\nbut I tell you that Jesus would have nothing to do with them.\n\n|> About the only one that\n|> comes to mind would be in the former Soviet Union, where many religious\n|> people suffered some sort of persecution (not to mention many\n|> atheist/agnostics who suffered persecution for believing the government\n|> sucked).\n|> \n\nNo arguement there.\n\n|>\n|> Rob Lanphier\n|> lanph872@uidaho.edu\n|> \n\nThe only point I\'m trying to make is that those who call themselves Christian\nmay not be Christian.  I ask that you draw your own conclusions by what they\ndo and what they say.  If they are not modelled after the example of Jesus\nChrist then they are NOT Christian.  If they have not repented of their sins\nand accepted Jesus Christ as their personal Lord and Saviour then they are \nNOT Christian.  These are the only criteria to being a Christian.\n\nMay God be with you,\n\nMalcolm Lee   :)\n\n',
  u"From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Ancient references to Christianity (was: Albert Sabin)\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 19\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <C62B7n.6B4@news.cso.uiuc.edu>, cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb) writes:\n|> In <1ren9a$94q@morrow.stanford.edu> salem@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Bruce Salem) \n|> writes:\n|> \n|> >In article <C5ztJu.FKx@news.cso.uiuc.edu> cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike \n|> Cobb) writes:\n|> >>Why is the NT tossed out as info on Jesus.  I realize it is normally tossed\n|> >>out because it contains miracles, but what are the other reasons?\n|> \n|> > It is not tossed out as a source, but would it be regarded as\n|> >unbiased and independant? \n|> \n|> This brings up another something I have never understood.  I asked this once\n|> before and got a few interesting responses, but somehow didn't seem satisfied.\n|> Why would the NT NOT be considered a good source.\n\nContradicting itself on facts, for example.\n\njon.\n",
  u'From: jluther@cs.umr.edu (John W. Luther)\nSubject: Re: Freemasonry and the Southern Baptist Convention\nNntp-Posting-Host: mcs213c.cs.umr.edu\nOrganization: University of Missouri - Rolla, Rolla, MO\nLines: 80\n\nIn article <1qv82l$oj2@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> ch981@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Tony Alicea) writes:\n>\n>\n>     With the Southern Baptist Convention convening this June to consider\n>the charges that Freemasonry is incompatible with christianity, I thought\n>the following quotes by Mr. James Holly, the Anti-Masonic Flag Carrier,\n>would amuse you all...\n>\n>\n>     The following passages are exact quotes from "The Southern \n>Baptist Convention and Freemasonry" by James L. Holly, M.D., President\n>of Mission and Ministry To Men, Inc., 550 N 10th St., Beaumont, TX \n>77706. \n> \n>     The inside cover of the book states: "Mission & Ministry to Men, \n>Inc. hereby grants permission for the reproduction of part or all of \n>this booklet with two provisions: one, the material is not changed and\n>two, the source is identified." I have followed these provisions. \n>  \n>     "Freemasonry is one of the allies of the Devil" Page iv. \n> \n>     "The issue here is not moderate or conservative, the issue is God\n>and the Devil" Page vi." \n> \n>     "It is worthwhile to remember that the formulators of public \n>school education in America were Freemasons" Page 29. \n> \n>     "Jesus Christ never commanded toleration as a motive for His \n>disciples, and toleration is the antithesis of the Christian message."\n>Page 30. \n> \n>     "The central dynamic of the Freemason drive for world unity \n>through fraternity, liberty and equality is toleration. This is seen \n>in the writings of the \'great\' writers of Freemasonry". Page 31. \n> \n>     "He [Jesus Christ] established the most sectarian of all possible \n>faiths." Page 37. \n> \n>     "For narrowness and sectarianism, there is no equal to the Lord \n>Jesus Christ". Page 40. \n> \n>     "What seems so right in the interest of toleration and its \n>cousins-liberty, equality and fraternity-is actually one of the \n>subtlest lies of the \'father of lies.\'" Page 40. \n> \n>     "The Southern Baptist Convention has many churches which were \n>founded in the Lodge and which have corner stones dedicated by the \n>Lodge. Each of these churches should hold public ceremonies of \n>repentance and of praying the blood and the Name of the Lord Jesus \n>Christ over the church and renouncing the oaths taken at the \n>dedication of the church and/or building." Page 53-54.  \n> \n>\n>     I hope you all had a good laugh! I know *I* did! <g>,\n>\n>\nTony   \n\nI appreciate the narrow-mindedness of the view expressed in\nthe text you quoted.  I also appreciate your being amused\nby such determined ignorance.  Without taking anything away\nfrom your mirth, I want to say that these views sadden me.\nI can only hope that that sort of narrow-mindedness will\ndie with the generations that have promoted it.  Teach \nyour children well.\n\n<wet blanket mode off>\n\nPax.\n\nJohn\n> \n> \n\n\n-- \n* John W. Luther                        |   Anybody who mistakes my *\n* jluther@cs.umr.edu   <-Best for Email |   opinions for UMR\'s just *\n* 71140.313@compuserve.com  <-$$$$$!    |   doesn\'t know UMR.       *\n********************************************************************\n',
  u"From: cook@varmit.mdc.com (Layne Cook)\nSubject: Lindbergh and the moon (was:Why not give $1G)\nOrganization: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM\nLines: 19\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: cook@varmit.mdc.com (Layne Cook)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cook.mdc.com\n\nAll of this talk about a COMMERCIAL space race (i.e. $1G to the first 1-year \nmoon base) is intriguing. Similar prizes have influenced aerospace \ndevelopment before. The $25k Orteig prize helped Lindbergh sell his Spirit of \nSaint Louis venture to his financial backers.\n\nIf memory serves, the $25k prize would not have been enough to totally \nreimburse some of the more expensive transatlantic projects (such as \nFokker's, Nungesser and other multi-engine projects). However Lindbergh \nultimately kept his total costs below that amount.\n\nBut I strongly suspect that his Saint Louis backers had the foresight to \nrealize that much more was at stake than $25,000.\n\nCould it work with the moon? Who are the far-sighted financial backers of \ntoday?\n\nLayne Cook\ncook@apt.mdc.com                                             \nMcDonnell Douglas Space Systems Co.\n",
  u"From: rosst@pogo.wv.tek.com (Ross Taylor)\nSubject: Re: Davidians and compassion\nOrganization: Tektronix, Inc., Wilsonville,  OR.\nLines: 9\n\nIs there evidence independent of the FBI that indicates that the Branch\nDavidians set the fire?  What have the survivors said?  Did the press see\nanything?\n\nThere is, unfortunately, precedent for the U.S. government saving children by\nroasting them alive.  (There is precedent for religious self-imolation\nas well.)\n\nI still wonder why the government couldn't just leave them alone.\n",
  u'Organization: Penn State University\nFrom: John A. Johnson <J5J@psuvm.psu.edu>\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\n <1r1ko8$6b1@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>\n <sandvik-200493232227@sandvik-kent.apple.com>\n <1r39kh$itp@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>\nLines: 63\n\nIn article <1r39kh$itp@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>, frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank\nO\'Dwyer) says:\n>\n[ . . .]\n>Specifically, I\'d like to know what relativism concludes when two\n>people grotesquely disagree.  Is it:\n>\n>(a) Both are right\n>\n>(b) One of them is wrong, and sometimes (though perhaps rarely) we have a\n>    pretty good idea who it is\n>\n>(c) One of them is wrong, but we never have any information as to who, so\n>    we make our best guess if we really must make a decision.\n>\n>(d) The idea of a "right" moral judgement is meaningless (implying that\n>     whether peace is better than war, e.g., is a meaningless question,\n>     and need not be discussed for it has no correct answer)\n>\n>(e) Something else.  A short, positive assertion would be nice.\n>\n>As I hope you can tell, (b) and (c) are actually predicated on\n>the assumption that values are real  - so statements like these\n>_can\'t_ consistently derive from the relativist assumption that values\n>aren\'t part of objective reality.\n\nI am a relativist who would like to answer your question, but the way you\nphrase the question makes it unanswerable.  The concepts of "right"\nand "wrong" (or "correct/incorrect" or "true/false") belong to the\ndomain of epistemological rather than moral questions.  It makes no\nsense to ask if a moral position is right or wrong, although it is\nlegitimate to ask if it is good (or better than another position).\n\nLet me illustrate this point by looking at the psychological derivatives\nof epistemology and ethics:  perception and motivation, respectively.\nOne can certainly ask if a percept is "right" (correct, true,\nveridical) or "wrong" (incorrect, false, illusory).  But it makes little\nsense to ask if a motive is true or false.  On the other hand, it is\nstrange to ask whether a percept is morally good or evil, but one can\ncertainly ask that question about motives.\n\nTherefore, your suggested answers (a)-(c) simply can\'t be considered:\nthey assume you can judge the correctness of a moral judgment.\n\nNow the problem with (d) is that it is double-barrelled:  I agree with\nthe first part (that the "rightness" of a moral position is a\nmeaningless question), for the reasons stated above.  But that is\nirrelevant to the alleged implication (not an implication at all) that\none cannot feel peace is better than war.  I certainly can make\nvalue judgments (bad, better, best) without asserting the "correctness"\nof the position.\n\nSorry for the lengthy dismissal of (a)-(d).  My short (e) answer is\nthat when two individuals grotesquely disagree on a moral issue,\nneither is right (correct) or wrong (incorrect).  They simply hold\ndifferent moral values (feelings).\n-----------------------------------\nJohn A. Johnson (J5J@psuvm.psu.edu)\nDepartment of Psychology Penn State DuBois Campus 15801\nPenn State is not responsible for my behavior.\n"A ruthless, doctrinaire avoidance of degeneracy is a degeneracy of\n another sort.  Getting drunk and picking up bar-ladies and writing\n metaphysics is a part of life."  - from _Lila_ by R. Pirsig\n',
  u'From: kimd@rs6401.ecs.rpi.edu (Daniel Chungwan Kim)\nSubject: WANTED: Super 8mm Projector with SOUNDS\nKeywords: projector\nNntp-Posting-Host: rs6401.ecs.rpi.edu\nLines: 9\n\n\tI am looking for Super 8mm Projector with SOUNDS.\nIf anybody out there has one for sale, send email with\nthe name of brand, condition of the projector, and price\nfor sale to kimd@rpi.edu\n(IT MUST HAVE SOUND CAPABILITY)\n\nDanny\nkimd@rpi.edu\n\n',
  u'From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Space Manuevering Tug (was HST servicing mission_)\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 121\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <C6DvGH.ApH@news.cso.uiuc.edu> jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins) writes:\n>prb@access.digex.net (Pat) writes:\n>\n>>I wrote:\n>>>prb@access.digex.net (Pat) writes:\n>\n>My data shows that the OMS engines hold 10,900 kg of propellant.  Of that, a \n>substantial fraction is going to be used for the first OMS burn, the reentry\n>burn and the reserve.  So Pat, tell us how much fuel the altitude change is\n>going to take, and how much the EDO pallet, BUS-1 and extra parts are going\n>mass.  If you can make the numbers work out, _then_ I\'ll be interested.  After\n>you show us that it can be done, then tell us how much the EDO pallet, BUS-1\n>and extra equipment is going to cost.  \n>\n\nI don\'t know.  Does anyone in NASA land know how much fuel is\nbudgeted for the altitude change?\n\nHenry,  any figures on the mass  (full)  for the EDO pallet  plus\nit\'s dry weight?  How about for the dry mass of Bus-1?  it was\nbeing de-classified as i checked last.\n\nAlso, I need.\n\n1)  current orbital parameters of HST \n\n2)  projected  orbital parameters after re-boost.\n\n3)  Discovery\'s  DRY weight\n\n4) HST\'s Dry weight.\n\n\n>>I somehow think they could train up a new  EVA in  8 months.\n>\n>First, while astronauts certainly have done EVAs with minimal planning, that was\n>because they _had_ to.  They don\'t like to do that as a general rule.\n>\n\nSo how long do they need to train?  a year?  2 years?  somehow\nI think 2-3 moths should be adequate.\n\n>Second, remember why they had to improvise during Intelsat 6?  They were trying\n>to attach a motor to a piece of hardware that wasn\'t designed to do that.  \n>Trying to shortcut the training is only going to make a repeat more likely.\n>\n\nAlso because they significantly lacked on-orbit EVA experience.  \nThe HST is designed for on-orbit servicing.  it should be a lot easier.\n\n>Third, they don\'t have eight months.  They have however much time is left \n>after someone comes up with a plan, shows it can work and gets it approved.\n>You may think I have a pessimistic attitude.  I think it\'s realistic.  I\'m not\n>saying that the engineering task is impossible (few engineering tasks are).  \n>What I\'m saying is that this is neither cost effective nor feasible under NASA\n>management.\n>\n\nThere comes a time in every project, to kill the management.\n\nThey can if neccessary, re-schedule the  HST mission.  December is\nnot a drop dead date, unlike say the LDEF retrieval mission.  \n\n\n>\n>"All they have to do is soup it up?"  Just what does that mean?  \n>\n\nI suspect, the BUS-1, may not have enough basic thrust for the HST\nre-boost.  it mayu need bigger tanks,  or bigger thrusters.\n\n\nMy understanding is the Second HST servicing mission is not\na contingency.  My understanding is the mission  needs both\na new FOC  and work on the electrical system,  plus\nanother re-boost.   \n\n>\n>>If the SMT can avoid a second servicing mission that\'s $500 million\n>>saved.\n>\n>No Pat.  That\'s $500 million minus the cost of the new hardware, minus the cost\n>of the extra struff you want to bring along, minus development and mangement \n>costs, minus extra operating costs.  TANSTAAFL.\n>\n\nSomehow, i think the cost of an expendable SMT will be less then\n$500 million.\n\nand the extra stuff is real cheap.  NASA has lots of suits,  MMU\'s,\nand the EDO pallets are re-usable.  Oh, one double magnum of champagne,\nnow there\'s a couple hundred bucks.\n\n>\n\n\n>\n>Pat, not only is this messy and less reliable than a device that\'s _made_ to \n>perform this task, it also ignores the point.  There is a desire to have \n>astronauts available so that if the door fails to open, something can be done\n>about it.  Unless you can provide a very reliable way of reopening the door,\n>you haven\'t solved the problem.\n\n\nThat door has cycled, X times already.  Once after massive G loading.\nI somehow think they can work ou;reliability  methods to ensure the\ndoor works.\n\nAlso,  please tell me how some sort of sublimated  material  like\nCO2, or H2O  would manage to contaminate the mirror,  anything\nthat goes to vapor state, shouldn\'t adhere to the mirror.\n\nsomehow, the door,  problem can be worked.  maybe they can put a one\ntime spring on it.\n\nwhat do they do now, if the door hangs up.  that door is part\nof a intrument safing mechanism.  if it hangs up tomorrow,  it\'ll\nbe 8 months until someone gets up there witha crowbar to fix it.\n\npat\n\n',
  u'From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Stephen Hawking Tours JPL\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 68\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nKeywords: JPL\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nFrom the "JPL Universe"\nApril 23, 1993\n\nCosmologist Stephen Hawking tours Lab\n\nBy Karre Marino\n     Some 15 years after his first visit to JPL, Prof. Stephen\nHawking, Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge\nUniversity and author of "A Brief History of Time," returned to\nthe Lab April 5.\n     On a tour hosted by JPL Chief Scientist Dr. Moustafa Chahine\nand Merle McKenzie, manager of the International Affairs Office,\nHawking visited a variety of facilities, met with Lab Director\nDr. Edward Stone and various project scientists and managers, and\nfelt "like royalty," he said. Hawking, whose theories attempt to\nexplain the origin of distant galaxies, black holes and alternate\ndimensions, wanted to re-visit JPL, he explained, "because while\nI\'m most interested in those things in space that are farther\naway, I know that here is where the first steps are taken."\n     Hawking, who was accompanied by his family, two graduate\nstudents and his aides, began the tour in von Karman Auditorium,\nas David Evans, deputy assistant Lab director in the Office of\nFlight Projects, and Dr. Arden Albee, Mars Observer\'s project\nscientist, briefed him on current and past flight projects.\n     Voyager was pointed out to him, with special attention paid\nto a gold plate with a series of engraved images. Should\nextraterrestrial life stumble upon the spacecraft, Evans noted,\nthey would find a variety of images that would explain something\nof Earth. The professor asked if we were still communicating with\nthe spacecraft, and Evans affirmed that we are.\n     Using a model of Mars Observer, Albee spent several minutes\ndescribing the project and the spacecraft\'s features. In answer\nto a question from Hawking, Chahine described a proposed\ndrag-free satellite, but confirmed that at this point, "it\'s only\na concept." Chahine, who had met Hawking at Caltech about five\nyears before, described the professor as "a living miracle of the\npower of the brain. He\'s miraculous, and he has such a good sense\nof humor."\n     The next stop, a demonstration on scientific data\nvisualization in Section 384\'s Digital Image Animation Lab,\nentertained and delighted the group, as everyone donned goggles\nto view 3-D images of Mars. Project Scientist Dr. Eric De Jong\nshowed off the latest data -- a comet that had only recently been\ndiscovered in orbit close to Jupiter. Hawking was curious about\nits composition, and as he was shown how images are developed, he\nasked several questions on their interpretation.\n     Norman Haynes, ALD, Office of Telecommunications and Data\nAcquisition, briefed the professor on the Space Flight Operations\nFacility, and then Hawking spoke with Stone.\n     The day ended with two technical discussions of particular\ninterest to the professor. Technical Group Leader Dr. Frank\nEstabrook and Senior Research Scientist Hugo Wahlquist described\na three-spacecraft gravity wave experiment, currently under way.\nThen planetary astronomer Dr. Richard Terrile explained the\nphilosophy and plans for extra solar system planetary detection.\n     The Hawking party, which had been visiting Southern\nCalifornia for five weeks, was headquartered at Caltech, and\nplanned to leave for England within a few weeks after the Lab\ntour. Upon departing, the Cambridge-based scientist promised\nChahine that he would return to JPL for another visit.\n                          ###\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n\n',
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Who has read Rushdie\'s _The Satanic Verses_?\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <11867@vice.ICO.TEK.COM>, bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Robert\nBeauchaine) wrote:\n> \n> In article <EDM.93Apr20145436@gocart.twisto.compaq.com> edm@twisto.compaq.com (Ed McCreary) writes:\n> >\n> >While we\'re on the topic of books, has anyone else noticed that Paine\'s\n> >"The Age of Reason" is hard to find.  I\'ve been wanting to pick up\n> >a copy for a while, but not bad enough to mail order it.  I\'ve noticed\n> >though that none of the bookstores I go to seem to carry it.  I thought\n> >this was supposed to be classic.  What\'s the deal?\n> >--\n> \n>   Me too.  Our local used book store is the second largest on the\n>   West Coast, and I couldn\'t find a copy there.  I guess atheists\n>   hold their bibles in as much esteem as the theists.\n\nIf I remember correctly Prometheus books have this one in stock,\nso just call them and ask for the book.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u'From: pgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering)\nSubject: Re: Vandalizing the sky.\nOrganization: Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana\nLines: 16\n\nJeff.Cook@FtCollinsCO.NCR.COM (Jeff Cook) writes:\n...\n>people in primitive tribes out in the middle of nowhere as they look up\n>and see a can of Budweiser flying across the sky... :-D\n\nSeen that movie already. Or one just like it.\nCome to think of it, they might send someone on\na quest to get rid of the dang thing...\n\n>Jeff Cook                                  Jeff.Cook@FtCollinsCO.NCR.com\n\n--\nPhil Fraering         |"Seems like every day we find out all sorts of stuff.\npgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu|Like how the ancient Mayans had televison." Repo Man\n\n\n',
  u'From: rocker@acm.rpi.edu (rocker)\nSubject: Re: ABORTION and private health coverage -- letters regarding\nNntp-Posting-Host: hermes.acm.rpi.edu\nReply-To: rocker@hermes.acm.rpi.edu\n Followup-To:\nLines: 13\n\nIn <1qk73q$3fj@agate.berkeley.edu> dzkriz@ocf.berkeley.edu (Dennis Kriz) writes:\n\n>If one is paying for a PRIVATE health insurance plan and DOES NOT WANT\n>"abortion coverage" there is NO reason for that person to be COMPLELLED\n>to pay for it.  (Just as one should not be compelled to pay for lipposuction\n>coverage if ONE doesn\'t WANT that kind of coverage).\n\nYou appear to be stunningly ignorant of the underlying concept of health\ninsurance.\n\n>dzkriz@ocf.berkeley.edu\n\n                          -rocker\n',
  u'From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: Wholly Babble (Was Re: free moral agency)\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <2944159064.5.p00261@psilink.com>\n"Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com> writes:\n \n(Deletion)\n>Of course, there is also the\n>Book of the SubGenius and that whole collection of writings as well.\n \n \nDoes someone know a FTP site with it?\n   Benedikt\n',
  u'From: ecampbel@metz.une.edu.au (Ed Campbell)\nSubject: libraries for text+math+graphics display?\nKeywords: text+math fonts display c-code\nLines: 8\nNntp-Posting-Host: metz.une.edu.au\n\nDoes anyone know of any c or c++ libraries for preparing\nand displaying quickly pages of mixed text, mathematical equations,\nand graphics (circles,ellipses,etc) on the vdu? The maths wouldnt\nneed to be up to TeX quality, but it would be useful to be scaleable.\nThe main thing would be to be able to generate the display quickly\nfrom a minimum set of formatting code.\nThanks,\nEd Campbell\n',
  u'From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Re: Life on Mars???\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 24\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nIn article <C5uB2s.FD@zoo.toronto.edu>, henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes...\n>In article <1993Apr20.120311.1@pa881a.inland.com> schiewer@pa881a.inland.com (Don Schiewer) writes:\n>There are currently no particular plans to do any further searches for life.\n\nNot quite true.  One of the instruments on Mars Observer will be searching\nfor potential fossil sites.   \n\n>>Are we going back to Mars to look at this face agian?\n> \n>Mars Observer, currently approaching Mars, will probably try to get a better\n>image or two of the "face" at some point.  It\'s not high priority; nobody\n>takes it very seriously.  The shadowed half of the face does not look very\n>face-like, so all it will take is one shot at a different sun angle to ruin\n>the illusion.\n\nThe face and the Viking landing sites will be targeted by the high-resolution\ncamera on Mars Observer.\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n\n',
  u"From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 12\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nmathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk> writes:\n\n>>Perhaps we shouldn't imprision people if we could watch them closely\n>>instead.  The cost would probably be similar, especially if we just\n>>implanted some sort of electronic device.\n>Why wait until they commit the crime?  Why not implant such devices in\n>potential criminals like Communists and atheists?\n\nSorry, I don't follow your reasoning.  You are proposing to punish people\n*before* they commit a crime?  What justification do you have for this?\n\nkeith\n",
  u"From: jk87377@lehtori.cc.tut.fi (Kouhia Juhana)\nSubject: Re: XV problems\nOrganization: Tampere University of Technology\nLines: 47\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cc.tut.fi\n\nIn article <1993Apr27.143603.9351@nessie.mcc.ac.uk>\nC.C.Lilley@mcc.ac.uk writes:\n>\n>2) Yes XV is an 8 bit program. This is not a bug.\n\nNever claimed it is a bug.\n\n\n>XV can import 24 bit images and quantises them down to 8 bits. This is a handy\n>facility, not a bug.\n\nNever claimed it is a bug.\n\n\n>How would you suggest doing colour editing on a 24 bit file? How\n>would you group 'related' colours to edit them together? Only global\n>changes could be done unless the software were very different and\n>much more complicated.\n>If you want to do colour editing on a 24 bit image, you need much\n>more powerfull software - which is readily available commercially.\n\nI guess I edited my note on this away from the article I posted to\nmany newsgroups.\n\nI wrote something about making color modifications quickly\nwith 8bit quantized images and only at the saving the image to file\nprocess we have to make the modifications to the 24bit image.\nThis makes sense, because the main use of XV is only viewing images.\n\nDoing many changes to image, we should keep all modifications\nin a buffer; and then before making the operations to 24bit image,\nwe should simplify the operation list for unnecessary operations.\n\n\n>And lastly, JPEG is a compression algorithm. It can be applied to any\n>image of arbitrary bit depth. Again, this is not a bug.\n\nNever claimed it is a bug.\nI tried kept sure I don't claim that JPEG is noting else than\na compression algorithm, because I know what the JPEG is.\n(You propably misunderstood what I wrote as you have done in many\nplaces so far.)\n\nYou also missed what is (were) wrong with XV. However, I did wrote it.\n\n\nJuhana Kouhia\n",
  u'From: ferdinan@oeinck.waterland.wlink.nl (Ferdinand Oeinck)\nSubject: Re: Distance between two Bezier curves\nOrganization: My own node in Groningen, NL.\nLines: 14\n\npes@hutcs.cs.hut.fi (Pekka Siltanen) writes:\n\n> Suppose two cubic Bezier curves (control points V1,..,V4 and W1,..,W4)\n> which have equal first and last control points (V1 = W1, V4 = W4). How do I \n> get upper bound for distance between these curves. \n\nWhich distance? The distance between one point (t = ti) on the first curve\nand a point on the other curve with same parameter (u = ti)?\n\n> \n> Any references appreciated. Thanks in anvance.\n> \n> Pekka Siltanen\n\n',
  u"From: hugo@hydra.unm.edu (patrice cummings)\nSubject: polygon orientation in DXF?\nOrganization: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque\nLines: 21\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hydra.unm.edu\n\n\nHi.  I'm writing a program to convert .dxf files to a database\nformat used by a 3D graphics program I've written.  My program stores\nthe points of a polygon in CCW order.  I've used 3D Concepts a \nlittle and it seems that the points are stored in the order\nthey are drawn.\n\nDoes the DXF format have a way of indicating which order the \npoints are stored in, CW or CCW?  Its easy enough to convert,\nbut if I don't know which way they are stored, I dont know \nwhich direction the polygon should be visible from.\n\nIf DXF doesn't handle this, can anyone recommend a workaround?\nThe best I can think of is to create two polygons for each one\nin the DXF file, one stored CW and the other CCW.  But that\ndoubles the number of polygons and decreases speed...\n\nThanks in advance for any help,\n\nPatrice\nhugo@hydra.unm.edu \n",
  u'From: walsh@mari.acc-admin.stolaf.edu (Brian L Walsh)\nSubject: VESA driver for XGA-2\nOrganization: St. Olaf College; Northfield, MN\nLines: 6\n\n\tI heard that there is a VESA driver for the XGA-2 card available on \ncompuserve. I just got this card, and I am wondering if this driver is \navailable on a FTP site anywhere. My news service has beeen erratic lately so\nplease E-Mail me at:\n\t\t\t\twalsh@stolaf.edu\n\tThanks in advance. \n',
  u"From: arc1@ukc.ac.uk (Tony Curtis)\nSubject: Re: Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Computing Laboratory, UKC\nLines: 41\nNntp-Posting-Host: pine.ukc.ac.uk\n\n\nacooper@mac.cc.macalstr.edu (Turin Turambar, ME Department of Utter Misery)\nsaid re. Dan Schaertel's article [if I followed the quoting right]:\n\n\n>> As much as anything else you learn.  How do you choose what\n>> to believe and what not to?  I could argue that George\n>> Washington is a myth.  He never lived because I don't have\n>> any proof except what I am told.  However all the major\n>> events of the life of Jesus Christ were fortold hundreds of\n>> years before him.  Neat trick uh?\n\n> How is this?  There is nothing more disgusting than Christian attempts to\n> manipulate/interpret the Old Testament as being filled with signs for the\n> coming of Christ.  Every little reference to a stick or bit of wood is\n> autmoatically interpreted as the Cross.  What a miscarriage of philology.\n\nI think it may also be worthwhile pointing out that if we\ntake the appellation `Rabbi' seriously then Jesus had a full\ngrasp of contemporary `scripture'\n\nMat21:42 Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures...\n\nMat22:29 Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing\nMat22:29 the scriptures, nor the power of God.\n\nFollowing from this, he would have been in a wonderful\nposition to fulfil prophesies, and the NT says as much:\n\nMat26:54 But how then shall the scriptures be fulfilled,\nMat26:54 that thus it must be?\n\nMat26:56 But all this was done, that the scriptures of the\nMat26:56 prophets might be fulfilled. Then all the disciples\nMat26:56 forsook him, and fled.\n\nIf the books comprising the referred-to `scripture' had not\nbeen accessible then it probably would be a different\nmatter.\n\n--tony\n",
  u"From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: The Inimitable Rushdie\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 11\n\nIn article <1993Apr16.211458.1@eagle.wesleyan.edu>\nkmagnacca@eagle.wesleyan.edu writes:\n \n(deletion)\n>Nope, Germany has extremely restrictive citizenship laws.  The\n>ethnic Germans who have lived in Russia for over 100 years\n>automatically become citizens if they move to Germany, but the\n>Turks who are now in their third generation in Germany can't.\n \nThat's wrong. They can.\n   Benedikt\n",
  u'From: isaackuo@jell-o.berkeley.edu (Isaac Kuo)\nSubject: Re: Drag-free satellites\nOrganization: U.C. Berkeley Math. Department.\nLines: 37\nNNTP-Posting-Host: jell-o.berkeley.edu\n\nIn article <15821.2be3e125@cpva.saic.com> thomsonal@cpva.saic.com writes:\n>On Sat, 1 May 1993 23:13:39 GMT, henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) said:\n>\n>> No.  A "dragless" satellite does not magically have no drag; it burns fuel\n>> constantly to fight drag, maintaining the exact orbit it would have *if*\n>> there was no drag.  \n>\n>     Well, almost. It turns out that clever orbital mechanics can \n>engineer things so that resonant interactions with the higher order \n>harmonics of the Earth\'s gravitational field can pump energy into a \n>satellite, and keep it from experiencing drag effects for periods of \n>months to years. \n\nA harmonic of the Earth\'s gravitational field?  What IS a harmonic of the\nEarth\'s gravitational field?\n\n>     My favorite example of this is the Soviet/Russian heavy ELINT \n>satellites of the Cosmos 1603 class, which are in 14:1 resonance. In \n\n14:1 resonance with WHAT?  It\'s not like there\'s any wavelength or frequency\nto the Earth\'s gravitational field.  Now, there\' might be some interesting\ninteractions with the Moon\'s tidal effect--is that what you\'re talking about?\n>\n>    This probably has little relevance to space stations, since the 71 \n>degree orbits of the C1603 satellites are at 850 km, which is \n>unacceptably far into the inner van Allen belt for manned platforms. But \n>it\'s kind of interesting from the point of view of the physics of the \n>situation. \n\nWhat are the physics of the situation?  The only way I can see gravitational\neffects being useful in adding energy to an object orbiting Earth is some\nsort of interaction with the moon.\n-- \n*Isaac Kuo (isaackuo@math.berkeley.edu)\t*       ___\n*\t\t\t\t\t* _____/_o_\\_____\n*\tTwinkle, twinkle, little .sig,\t*(==(/_______\\)==)\n*\tKeep it less than 5 lines big.\t* \\==\\/     \\/==/\n',
  u'From: flb@flb.optiplan.fi ("F.Baube[tm]")\nSubject: Vandalizing the sky\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 12\n\nFrom: "Phil G. Fraering" <pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu>\n> \n> Finally: this isn\'t the Bronze Age, [..]\n> please try to remember that there are more human activities than\n> those practiced by the Warrior Caste, the Farming Caste, and the\n> Priesthood.\n\nRight, the Profiting Caste is blessed by God, and may \n freely blare its presence in the evening twilight ..\n\n-- \n* Fred Baube (tm)\n',
  u'From: jafoust@cco.caltech.edu (Jeff Foust)\nSubject: Re: New planet/Kuiper object found?\nOrganization: Caltech:  Pasadena, California, USA\nLines: 12\nDistribution: sci\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sandman.caltech.edu\n\nIn a recent article jdnicoll@prism.ccs.uwo.ca (James Davis Nicoll) writes:\n>\tIf the  new  Kuiper belt object *is*  called \'Karla\', the next\n>one  should be called \'Smiley\'.\n\nUnless I\'m imaging things, (always a possibility =) 1992 QB1, the Kuiper Belt\nobject discovered last year, is known as Smiley.\n\n-- \nJeff Foust              [49 days!]\t"You\'re from outer space."\nSenior, Planetary Science, Caltech\t"No, I\'m from Iowa.  I only work in\njafoust@cco.caltech.edu\t\t\t outer space."\njeff@scn1.jpl.nasa.gov\t\t\t-- from Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\n',
  u'From: se92psh@brunel.ac.uk (Peter Hauke)\nSubject: Re: Grayscale Printer\nOrganization: Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\nDistribution: na\nLines: 13\n\nJian Lu (jian@coos.dartmouth.edu) wrote:\n: We are interested in purchasing a grayscale printer that offers a good\n: resoltuion for grayscale medical images.  Can anybody give me some\n: recommendations on these products in the market, in particular, those\n: under $5000?\n\n: Thank for the advice.\n-- \n***********************************\n* Peter Hauke @ Brunel University *\n*---------------------------------*\n*      se92psh@brunel.ac.uk       *\n***********************************\n',
  u"From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 33\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1r35oe$hqd@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>, frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O'Dwyer) writes:\n|> In article <1r2kt7$6e1@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> #In article <1qugin$9tf@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>, frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O'Dwyer) writes:\n|> #|> In article <1qkogg$k@fido.asd.sgi.com> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> #|>\n|> #|> #And in that area, what you care about is whether someone is sceptical,\n|> #|> #critical and autonomous on the one hand, or gullible, excitable and\n|> #|> #easily led on the other.\n|> #|> \n|> #|> Indeed I may.  And one may be an atheist and also be gullible, excitable\n|> #|> and easily led.\n|> #|> \n|> #|> #I would say that a tendency to worship tyrants and ideologies indicates\n|> #|> #that a person is easily led.   Whether they have a worship or belief \n|> #|> #in a supernatural hero rather than an earthly one seems to me to be\n|> #|> #beside the point.\n|> #|> \n|> #|> Sure.  But whether or not they are atheists is what we are discussing,\n|> #|> not whether they are easily led.  \n|> #\n|> #Not if you show that these hypothetical atheists are gullible, excitable\n|> #and easily led from some concrete cause.   In that case we would also\n|> #have to discuss if that concrete cause, rather than atheism, was the\n|> #factor that caused their subsequent behaviour.\n|> \n|> I'm not arguing that atheism causes such behaviour - merely that\n|> it is not relevant to the definition of atheism, which is 'lack of belief in \n|> gods'.  \n\nThrow away the FAQ.   We can all just ask Mr O'Dwyer, since he can\ndefine the thing that the rest of us only talk about.\n\njon.\n",
  u'From: aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer)\nSubject: Re: DC-X and publicity... is there any ?\nOrganization: Evil Geniuses for a Better Tomorrow\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <1993May11.200419.13494@bmerh85.bnr.ca> rivan@bnr.ca writes:\n\n>  Its seems a bit scarry to me that such a project which for the first\n>time in years promisses some hope in changing the current trend in\n>massively overpriced boosting capability, lacks much publicity.\n\nThat may change next month; at least I hope it will. A couple of hundred\njournalists have requested press passes for the test flights. Sustaining\nthat publicity however, will be a problem. \n\n  Allen\n\n-- \n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Lady Astor:   "Sir, if you were my husband I would poison your coffee!"   |\n| W. Churchill: "Madam, if you were my wife, I would drink it."             |\n+----------------------33 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX-----------------------+\n',
  u'From: jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger)\nSubject: Re: The Inimitable Rushdie (Re: An Anecdote about Islam\nOrganization: Boston University Physics Department\nLines: 63\n\nIn article <1993Apr14.121134.12187@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au> darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:\n\n>>In article <C5C7Cn.5GB@ra.nrl.navy.mil> khan@itd.itd.nrl.navy.mil (Umar Khan) writes:\n\n>I just borrowed a book from the library on Khomeini\'s fatwa etc.\n\n>I found this useful passage regarding the legitimacy of the "fatwa":\n\n>"It was also common knowledge as prescribed by Islamic law, that the\n>sentence was only applicable where the jurisdiction of Islamic law\n>applies.  Moreover, the sentence has to be passed by an Islamic court\n>and executed by the state machinery through the due process of the law.\n>Even in Islamic countries, let alone in non-Muslim lands, individuals\n>cannot take the law into their own hands.  The sentence when passed,\n>must be carried out by the state through the usual machinery and not by\n>individuals.  Indeed it becomes a criminal act to take the law into\n>one\'s own hands and punish the offender unless it is in the process of\n>self-defence.  Moreover, the offender must be brought to the notice of\n>the court and it is the court who shoud decide how to deal with him.\n>This law applies equally to Muslim as well as non-Muslim territories.\n\n\nI agree fully with the above statement and is *precisely* what I meant\nby my previous statements about Islam not being anarchist and the\nlaw not being _enforcible_ despite the _law_ being applicable. \n\n\n>Hence, on such clarification from the ulama [Islamic scholars], Muslims\n>in Britain before and after Imam Khomeini\'s fatwa made it very clear\n>that since Islamic law is not applicable to Britain, the hadd\n>[compulsory] punishment cannot be applied here."\n\n\nI disagree with this conclusion about the _applicability_ of the \nIslamic law to all muslims, wherever they may be. The above conclusion \ndoes not strictly follow from the foregoing, but only the conclusion \nthat the fatwa cannot be *enforced* according to Islamic law. However, \nI do agree that the punishment cannot be applied to Rushdie even *were*\nit well founded.\n\n>Wow... from the above, it looks like that from an Islamic viewpoint\n>Khomeini\'s "fatwa" constitutes a "criminal act" .... perhaps I could\n>even go out on a limb and call Khomeini a "criminal" on this basis....\n\n\nCertainly putting a price on the head of Rushdie in Britain is a criminal \nact according to Islamic law. \n\n\n>Anyhow, I think it is understood by _knowledgeable_ Muslims that\n>Khomeini\'s "fatwa" is Islamically illegitimate, at least on the basis\n>expounded above.  Others, such as myself and others who have posted here\n>(particularly Umar Khan and Gregg Jaeger, I think) go further and say\n>that even the punishment constituted in the fatwa is against Islamic law\n>according to our understanding.\n\nYes.\n\n\n\n\n\nGregg\n',
  u'From: b.liddicott@ic.ac.uk\nSubject: Re: He has risen!\nOrganization: Imperial College Parapsychology Group\nLines: 8\nNNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu\n\n\n\nJust to remark that I have heard that David Koresh has risen from \nthe dead.  I dont know if it is true or not, but this is what I have\nbeen told.  What do you guys think?\n\nBen L.\n\n',
  u'From: David.Rice@ofa123.fidonet.org\nSubject: islamic authority [sic] over women\nX-Sender: newtout 0.08 Feb 23 1993\nLines: 62\n\n \nwho: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nwhat: <kmr4.1426.733987668@po.cwru.edu>\nwith: rush@leland.Stanford.EDU \nwhat: <1993Apr5.050524.9361@leland.Stanford.EDU>\n \n>>> Other readers: I just joined, but is this guy for real?\n>>> I\'m simply amazed.\n \nKR> "Sadly yes. Don\'t loose any sleep over Old \'Zlumber. Just\nKR> have some fun with him, but he is basically harmless. \nKR> At least, if you don\'t work in NY city."\n \nI don\'t find it hard to believe that "Ole \'Zlumber" really believes\nthe hate and ignorant prattle he writes. The frightening thought is,\nthere are people even worse than he! To say that feminism equals\n"superiority" over men is laughable as long as he doesn\'t then proceed\nto pick up a rifle and start to shoot women as a preemptive strike---\naka the Canada slaughter that occured a few years ago. But then, men\nkilling women is nothing new. Islamic Fundamentalists just have a\n"better" excuse (Qu\'ran).\n \n    from the Vancouver Sun, Thursday, October 4, 1990\n    by John Davidson, Canadian Press\n \n    MONTREAL-- Perhaps it\'s the letter to the five-year old\n    daughter that shocks the most.\n \n    "I hope one day you will be old enough to understand what\n    happened to your parents," wrote Patrick Prevost. "I loved\n    your mother with a passion that went as far as hatred."\n \n    Police found the piece of paper near Prevost\'s body in his\n    apartment in northeast Montreal.\n \n    They say the 39-year-old mechanic committed suicide after\n    killing his wife, Jocelyne Parent, 31.\n \n    The couple had been separated for a month and the woman had\n    gone to his apartment to talk about getting some more money\n    for food. A violent quarrel broke out and Prevost attacked\n    his wife with a kitchen knife, cutting her throat, police said.\n \n    She was only the latest of 13 women slain by a husband or\n    lover in Quebec in the last five weeks.\n \n    Five children have also been slain as a result of the same\n    domestic "battles."\n \n    Last year in Quebec alone, 29 [women] were slain by their\n    husbands. That was more than one-third of such cases across\n    Canada, according to statistics from the Canadian Centre for\n    Justice. [rest of article ommited]\n \nThen to say that women are somehow "better" or "should" be the\none to "stay home" and raise a child is also laughable. Women\nhave traditionally done hard labor to support a family, often \nmore than men in many cultures, throughout history. Seems to me\nit takes at least two adults to raise a child, and that BOTH should\nstay home to do so!\n\n--- Maximus 2.01wb\n',
  u"From: shmuel@mapsut.einstein.com (Shmuel Einstein)\nSubject: Screen capture -> CYMK converter\nNntp-Posting-Host: mapsut.einstein.com\nOrganization: Shmuel Einstein & Associates, Inc.\nLines: 20\n\nI have a small program to extract a 640x480 image from a vga 16 color screen,\nand store that image in a TIFF file.  I need to insert the image into a\nsales brochure, which I then need printed in 4 color.  On a mac, I would\nuse Photoshop to separate the image into 5 EPS files, and then pull it into\nquark express, then get it printed to film on a lintronix at a service bureau.\n\nHowever, I don't have a mac, but I do have windows.  What would I need to \ndo this type of operation in the windows 3.1 environment?  Are there any\nseparation programs available on the net?  Is there a good page layout program\nthat I should look into?\n\nThanks in advance.\n\n\n-- \nShmuel Einstein, shmuel@einstein.com\nShmuel Einstein & Associates, Inc.\n9100 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 235 E\nBeverly Hills, CA  90212\n310/273-8971 FAX 310/273-8872\n",
  u"From: cfury@csugrad.cs.vt.edu (Chris Fury)\nSubject: Re: Help needed: DXF ---> IFF\nLines: 17\nOrganization: Virginia Tech Computer Science Dept, Blacksburg, VA\nLines: 17\n\nBlue-Knight@bknight.jpr.com (Yury German) writes:\n\n>\t.DXF can not be changed over to .IFF format what it can be changed\n>to is an object format used by one of the 3D programs on the Amiga. The\n>only tools around are comercial for that conversion.\n\nActually, IFF is a *format standard*.  It is not a picture file format, sound\nfile format, but there exist several formats that use the IFF standard.  The\nIFF picture standard used by mostly everybody is a FORM ILBM (or just ILBM).\nThe only 3D IFF specification I know of is TDDD, which is used by Imagine and\nit's predecessor, Turbo Silver.   It is possible that some of the other Amiga\npackages use another *IFF* spec, but I don't know of any.  Lightwave will load\nTDDD FORM's I believe.\n\n--\nChristopher B. Fury        |  This space for rent. \ncfury@csugrad.cs.vt.edu    |  Call 1-900-QUOTEME for more information.\n",
  u"From: irfan@davinci.ece.wisc.edu (Irfan Alan)\nSubject: A TREATISE ON THE MIRACLES OF MUHAMMAD, PART-3\nOrganization: Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison; Electrical & Computer Engineering\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 87\n\nDROPLET VOL 1, No 11, Part 3\n\nD R O P L E T\nFrom The Vast Ocean Of The Miraculous Qur'an\n\nTranslations from the Arabic and Turkish Writings of \nBediuzzaman Said Nursi, The Risale-i Noor\n\nVOL 1, No 11, Part 3\n------------------------------------------------------------------\n   \t\t NINETEENTH LETTER  \n\n\t\t MU'JIZAT-I AHMEDIYE RISALESI \nA TREATISE ON THE MIRACLES OF MUHAMMED SAW, Part 3       \n\n(continued from Droplet Vol 1, No 11, Part 2)\n\n   THIRD SIGN:  The miracles of Muhammad (SAW)\nare extremely varied.  Because his messengership is\nuniversal, he has been distinguished by  miracles that\nrelate to almost all species of creation.\n    Just as the supreme aide of a renowned ruler, arriving\nwith many gifts in a city where various people live, will be\nwelcomed by a representative of each people who\nacclaims him and bids him welcome in his own language\nso, too, when the supreme messenger of the Monarch of\nPre- and  Post-Eternity  (Ezel and Ebed  Sultani) honored the\nuniverse by coming as an envoy to the inhabitants of the\nearth, and brought with him the light of truth and spiritual\ngifts sent by the Creator of the universe and derived from\nthe realities of the whole universe, each species of\ncreation -from water, rocks, trees, animals and human\nbeings to the moon, sun and stars- welcomed him and\nacclaimed his prophethood, each in its own language, and\neach bearing one of his miracles.\n    Now it would require a voluminous work to mention all\nhis miracles.  As the punctilious scholars have written\nmany volumes concerning the proofs of His prophethood,\nhere we will briefly point out only the general category\ninto which fall fhe miracles that are definite and accepted\nas accurate reports.\n    The evidences of the prophethood of Muhammad\n(SAW) fall into two main categories:  \n\n    The first is called irhasat and includes the paranormal \nevents that happened at the time of his birth, or before his \ndeclaration of prophethood.  \n\n    The second group pertains to all the remaining evidences \nof the prophethood, and contains two subdivisions: \n\n    1) Those wonders that were manifested after\nhis departure from this world in order to confirm his\nprophethood, and \n\t2) Those that he exhibited during the era\nof his prophethood.  The latter has also two parts:  \n\t2.1) The evidences of his prophethood that became manifest\nin his own personality, his inner and outer being, his moral\nconduct and perfection, and \n    2.2) The miracles that: related to substantial matters.  \nThe last part again has two branches:  \n\t2.2.1) Those concerning the Qur'an and spirituality, and \n\t2.2.2) Those relating to matter and creation.  This last \nbranch is again divided into two categories:  \n\t2.2.2.1) The first involves the paranormal happenings \nthat occured during his mission either to break the \nstubbornness of the unbelievers, or to augment the\nfaith of the belivers.  This category has twenty different\nsorts, such as the splitting of the moon, the flowing of\nwater from the fingers, the satisfying of large numbers with\na little food, and the speaking of trees, rocks and animals\nEach of these sons has also many instances, and thus\nhas, in meaning, the strength of confirmation by\nconsensus.  \n\t2.2.2.2)  As for the second category, this\nincludes events lying in the future that occured as he had\npredicted upon Allah (SWT)'s instructions.  Now starting\nfrom the last category, we will summarize a list of them.(1)\n\n(1) Unfonunately, I could not write as I had intended\nwithout choice, I wrote as my head dictated, and I could\nnot completely conform to the order of this classification.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------\nTo be Continued Allah Willing.\nIrfan Alan, A Servant of Islam.\n\n",
  u'From:  Vereskova Elena <Vereskova_Elena@p0.f0.n23.z22.zenonet.org>\nSubject: Wanted:MPEG description or sources:encoders+decoders.\nReply-To: Vereskova_Elena@p0.f0.n23.z22.zenonet.org\nOrganization: AsA Trading Company (zenon_gate)\nLines: 7\n\nPlease help with MPEG description or sources:decoders &\nencoders. Great thanks in advance.\n\n\n--- Maximus 2.01wb\n * Origin: Mister Postman BBS (22:23/0)\n\n',
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: <Political Atheists?\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 29\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <1pigidINNsot@gap.caltech.edu> keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n\n>mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk> writes:\n>>As for rape, surely there the burden of guilt is solely on the rapist?\n>\n>Not so.  If you are thrown into a cage with a tiger and get mauled, do you\n>blame the tiger?\n\n\tA human has greater control over his/her actions, than a \npredominately instictive tiger.\n\n\tA proper analogy would be:\n\n\tIf you are thrown into a cage with a person and get mauled, do you \nblame that person?\n\n\tYes. [ providing that that person was in a responsible frame of \nmind, eg not clinicaly insane, on PCB\'s, etc. ]\n\n---\n\n        "One thing that relates is among Navy men that get tatoos that \n        say "Mom", because of the love of their mom.  It makes for more \n        virile men."\n\n        Bobby Mozumder  ( snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu )\n        April 4, 1993\n\n        The one TRUE Muslim left in the world. \n',
  u'From: jim@inqmind.bison.mb.ca (jim jaworski)\nSubject: Re: How many read sci.space?\nOrganization: The Inquiring Mind BBS  1 204 488-1607\nLines: 36\n\nrborden@ugly.UVic.CA (Ross  Borden) writes:\n\n> In article <734850108.F00002@permanet.org> Mark.Prado@p2.f349.n109.z1.permane\n> >\n> >One could go on and on and on here, but I wonder ... how\n> >many people read sci.space and of what power/influence are\n> >these individuals?\n> >\n> \tQuick!  Everyone who sees this, post a reply that says:\n> \n> \t\t\t"Hey, I read sci.space!"\n> \n> Then we can count them, and find out how many there are! :-)\n> (This will also help answer that nagging question: "Just what is\n> the maximum bandwidth of the Internet, anyways?")\n> \n\nAs an Amateur Radio operator (VHF 2metres) I like to keep up with what is \ngoing up (and for that matter what is coming down too).\n \nIn about 30 days I have learned ALOT about satellites current, future and \npast all the way back to Vanguard series and up to Astro D observatory \n(space).  I borrowed a book from the library called Weater Satellites (I \nthink, it has a photo of the earth with a TIROS type satellite on it.)\n \nI would like to build a model or have a large color poster of one of the \nTIROS satellites I think there are places in the USA that sell them.\nITOS is my favorite looking satellite, followed by AmSat-OSCAR 13 \n(AO-13).\n \nTTYL\n73\nJim\n\njim@inqmind.bison.mb.ca\nThe Inquiring Mind BBS, Winnipeg, Manitoba  204 488-1607\n',
  u'From: frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Siemens-Nixdorf AG\nLines: 96\nNNTP-Posting-Host: d012s658.ap.mchp.sni.de\n\nIn article <1993Apr20.191048.6139@cnsvax.uwec.edu> nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu (David Nye) writes:\n#[reply to frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer)]\n# \n#>>The problem for the objectivist is to determine the status of moral\n#>>truths and the method by which they can be established.  If we accept\n#>>that such judgements are not reports of what is but only relate to\n#>>what ought to be (see naturalistic fallacy) then they cannot be proved\n#>>by any facts about the nature of the world.\n# \n#>This can be avoided in at least two ways: (1) By leaving the Good\n#>undefined, since anyone who claims that they do not know what it is is\n#>either lying or so out of touch with humanity as to be undeserving of a\n#>reply.\n# \n#If the Good is undefined (undefinable?) but you require of everyone that\n#they know innately what is right, you are back to subjectivism.\n\nNo, and begging the question.  see below.\n\n#>(2) By defining the Good solely in terms of evaluative terms.\n# \n#Ditto here.  An evaluative statement implies a value judgement on the\n#part of the person making it.\n\nAgain, incorrect, and question-begging.  See below.\n#\n#>>At this point the objectivist may talk of \'self-evident truths\'\n# \n#Pretty perceptive, that Prof. Flew.\n# \n#>>but can he deny the subjectivist\'s claim that self-evidence is in the\n#>>mind of the beholder?\n# \n#>Of course; by denying that subject/object is true dichotomy.\n# \n#Please explain how this helps.  I don\'t see your argument.\n\nI don\'t see yours.  It seems to rest on the assertion that everything\nis either a subject or an object.  There\'s nothing compelling about that\ndichotomy.  I might just as well divide the world into subject,object,\nevent.  It even seems more sensible.  Causation, for example, is\nan event, not a subject or an object.  \n\nFurthermore, if subject/object were true dichotomy, i.e.\n\n\tEverything is either a subject or an object\n\nThen, is that statement a self-evident truth or not?  If so, then it\'s \nall in the mind of the beholder, according to the relativist, and hardly \ncompelling.  Add to that the fact that the world can quickly be shoved\nin its entirety into the "subjective" category by an idealist or \nsolipsist argument, and that we have this perfectly good alternate\nset of categories (subject, object, event) [which can be reduced\nto (subject, object, quality) without any logical difficulty] and why\nyes, I guess I *am* denying that self-evident truths are all in the mind of \nthe beholder.\n\n#>>If not, what is left of the claim that some moral judgements are true?\n\nAll of it.\n\n#>If nothing, then NO moral judgements are true.  This is a thing that\n#>is commonly referred to as nihilism.  It entails that science is of\n#>no value, irrepective of the fact that some people find it useful.  How\n#>anyone arrives at relativism/subjectivism from this argument beats me.\n# \n#This makes no sense either.  Flew is arguing that this is where the\n#objectivist winds up, not the subjectivist.  Furthermore, the nihilists\n#believed in nothing *except* science, materialism, revolution, and the\n#People.\n\nI\'m referring to ethical nihilism\n\n#>>The subjectivist may well feel that all that remains is that there are\n#>>some moral judgements with which he would wish to associate himself.\n#>>To hold a moral opinion is, he suggests, not to know something to be\n#>>true but to have preferences regarding human activity."\n# \n#>And if those preferences should include terrorism, that moral opinion\n#>is not true.  Likewise, if the preferences should include noTerrorism,\n#>that moral opinion is not true.  Why should one choose a set of\n#>preferences which include terrorisim over one which includes\n#>noTerrorism?  Oh, no reason.  This is patently absurd....\n# \n#And also not the position of the subjectivist, as has been pointed out\n#to you already by others.  Ditch the strawman, already, and see my reply\n#to Mike Cobb\'s root message in the thread Societal Basis for Morality.\n\nI\'ve responded over there.  BTW - I don\'t intend this as a strawman, but\nas something logically entailed by relativism (really any ethical system\nwhere values are assumed to be unreal).  It\'s different to say "Relativists\nsay..." than "relativism implies...".\n\n-- \nFrank O\'Dwyer                                  \'I\'m not hatching That\'\nodwyer@sse.ie                                  from "Hens",  by Evelyn Conlon\n',
  u"From: fleice_mike@tandem.com (Mike Fleice)\nSubject: Last call: S/W wizard position at Tandem (Cupertino CA)\nNntp-Posting-Host: 130.252.132.77\nOrganization: Tandem Computers Incorporated, Cupertino, CA\nLines: 28\n\nWell, we got some responses and are doing some interviews with interesting\nresponders. However, just in case the other posting was overlooked by an\nincredibly talented person ... Mea Culpa for posting this here for Mike,\nbut we're looking for someone special:\n\n   Tandem Computers is currently looking for a software wizard to help\n us architect & implement a fault-tolerant generalized instrumentation\n subsystem as part of our proprietary operating system kernel (TNS\n Kernel). The TNS Kernel is a proprietary, loosely-coupled parallel,\n message-based operating system. The TNS Kernel has wide connectivity\n to open standards.\n   In this key individual contributor role, you will work with other\n developers working on various components of the Transaction Management\n Facility.\n   Your background needs to encompass some of the following 4 categories\n (3 of 4 would be excellent):\n   Category 1. Math: Working knowledge of statistics, real analysis, as\n used in experimental physics or chemistry, or in engineering.\n   Category 2. Working knowledge of telemetry issues-- i.e. time series,\n autocorrelation, and statistical correlation of data streams.\n   Category 3. Integration & Test -- Instrumentation of systems under test,\n i.e. payloads, flight modules, etc.\n   Category 4: Software Engineering: programming skills, algorithms, and\n systems software techniques.\n\n   Please send your resume to Mike Fleice, Tandem Computers 10555\n Ridgeview Ct., LOC 100-27, Cupertino, CA 95014-0789; Fax (408) 285-0813;\n or e-mail fleice_mike@tandem.com\n",
  u'From: mikec@sail.LABS.TEK.COM (Micheal Cranford)\nSubject: Evolution as Fact and Theory\nKeywords: evolution, fact, theory, Gould\nOrganization: Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton,  OR.\nLines: 22\n\nIn article <30187@ursa.bear.com> halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat) writes:\n[ deleted ]\n>What is the fact of evolution?  There is a difference between calling evolution\n>a fact and talking about the theory of evolution providing facts (I happen to\n>think the latter is more accurate).\n[ deleted ]\n\n  Evolution is both fact and theory.  The THEORY of evolution represents the\nscientific attempt to explain the FACT of evolution.  The theory of evolution\ndoes not provide facts; it explains facts.  It can be safely assumed that ALL\nscientific theories neither provide nor become facts but rather EXPLAIN facts.\nI recommend that you do some appropriate reading in general science.  A good\nstarting point with regard to evolution for the layman would be "Evolution as\nFact and Theory" in "Hen\'s Teeth and Horse\'s Toes" [pp 253-262] by Stephen Jay\nGould.  There is a great deal of other useful information in this publication.\n\n\n  UUCP:  uunet!tektronix!sail!mikec  or                  M.Cranford\n         uunet!tektronix!sail.labs.tek.com!mikec         Principal Troll\n  ARPA:  mikec%sail.LABS.TEK.COM@RELAY.CS.NET            Resident Skeptic\n  CSNet: mikec@sail.LABS.TEK.COM                         TekLabs, Tektronix\n\n',
  u'From: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>\nSubject: Alt.Atheism FAQ: Overview for New Readers\nSummary: Hi.  Please read this before you post.\nKeywords: FAQ, atheism\nExpires: Thu, 27 May 1993 14:08:03 GMT\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.\nSupersedes: <19930419105253@mantis.co.uk>\nLines: 146\n\nArchive-name: atheism/overview\nAlt-atheism-archive-name: overview\nLast-modified: 20 April 1993\nVersion: 1.3\n\n                                   Overview\n\nWelcome to alt.atheism and alt.atheism.moderated.\n\nThis is the first in a series of regular postings aimed at new readers of the\nnewsgroups.\n\nMany groups of a \'controversial\' nature have noticed that new readers often\ncome up with the same questions, mis-statements or misconceptions and post\nthem to the net.  In addition, people often request information which has\nbeen posted time and time again.  In order to try and cut down on this, the\nalt.atheism groups have a series of five regular postings under the following\ntitles:\n\n   1.  Alt.Atheism FAQ: Overview for New Readers\n   2.  Alt.Atheism FAQ: Introduction to Atheism\n   3.  Alt.Atheism FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\n   4.  Alt.Atheism FAQ: Constructing a Logical Argument\n   5.  Alt.Atheism FAQ: Atheist Resources\n\nThis is article number 1.  Please read numbers 2 and 3 before posting.  The\nothers are entirely optional.\n\nIf you are new to Usenet, you may also find it helpful to read the newsgroup\nnews.announce.newusers.  The articles titled "A Primer on How to Work With\nthe Usenet Community", "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Usenet"\nand "Hints on writing style for Usenet" are particularly relevant.  Questions\nconcerning how news works are best asked in news.newusers.questions.\n\nIf you are unable to find any of the articles listed above, see the "Finding\nStuff" section below.\n\n\n                                   Credits\n\nThese files could not have been written without the assistance of the many\nreaders of alt.atheism and alt.atheism.moderated.  In particular, I\'d like to\nthank the following people:\n\nkck+@cs.cmu.edu (Karl Kluge)\nperry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry)\nNETOPRWA@ncsuvm.cc.ncsu.edu (Wayne Aiken)\nchpetk@gdr.bath.ac.uk (Toby Kelsey)\njkp@cs.HUT.FI (Jyrki Kuoppala)\ngeoff.arnold@East.Sun.COM (Geoff Arnold)\ntorkel@sics.se (Torkel Franzen)\nkmldorf@utdallas.edu (George Kimeldorf)\nroe2@quads.uchicago.edu (Greg Roelofs)\narromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu (Ken Arromdee)\nmadhaus@netcom.com (Maddi Hausmann)\nJ5J@psuvm.psu.edu (John A. Johnson)\ndgraham@bmers30.bnr.ca (Douglas Graham)\nmayne@open.cs.fsu.edu (William Mayne)\najr@bigbird.hri.com (Andy Rosen)\nstoesser@ira.uka.de (Achim Stoesser)\nbosullvn@unix1.tcd.ie (Bryan O\'Sullivan)\nlippard@ccit.arizona.edu (James J. Lippard)\ns1b3832@rigel.tamu.edu (S. Baum)\nydobyns@phoenix.princeton.edu (York H. Dobyns)\nschroede@sdsc.edu (Wayne Schroeder)\nbaldwin@csservera.usna.navy.mil (J.D. Baldwin)\nD_NIBBY@unhh.unh.edu (Dana Nibby)\ndempsey@Kodak.COM (Richard C. Dempsey)\njmunch@hertz,elee.calpoly.edu (John David Munch)\npdc@dcs.ed.ac.uk (Paul Crowley)\nrz@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Richard Zach)\ntycchow@math.mit.edu (Tim Chow)\nsimon@dcs.warwick.ac.uk (Simon Clippingdale)\nPHIMANEN@cc.helsinki.fi (Pekka Himanen)\n\n...and countless others I\'ve forgotten.\n\nThese articles are free.  Truly free.  You may copy them and distribute them\nto anyone you wish.  However, please send any changes or corrections to the\nauthor, and please do not re-post copies of the articles to alt.atheism; it\ndoes nobody any good to have multiple versions of the same document floating\naround the network.\n\n\n                                Finding Stuff\n\nAll of the FAQ files *should* be somewhere on your news system.  Here are\nsome suggestions on what to do if you can\'t find them:\n\n1. Check the newsgroup alt.atheism.  Look for subject lines starting with\n   "Alt.Atheism FAQ:".\n\n2. Check the newsgroup news.answers for the same subject lines.\n\n   If you don\'t find anything in steps 1 or 2, your news system isn\'t set up\n   correctly, and you may wish to tell your system administrator about the\n   problem.\n\n3. If you have anonymous FTP access, connect to rtfm.mit.edu [18.70.0.226].\n   Go to the directory /pub/usenet/alt.atheism, and you\'ll find the latest\n   versions of the FAQ files there.\n\n   FTP is a a way of copying files between networked computers.  If you\n   need help in using or getting started with FTP, send e-mail to\n   mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with\n\n      send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/faq\n\n   in the body.\n\n4. There are other sites which also carry news.answers postings.  The article\n   "Introduction to the news.answers newsgroup" carries a list of these\n   sites; the article is posted regularly to news.answers.\n\n5. If you don\'t have FTP, send mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu\n   consisting of the following lines:\n\n      send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources\n      send usenet/alt.atheism/faq\n      send usenet/alt.atheism/introduction\n      send usenet/alt.atheism/logic\n      send usenet/alt.atheism/resources\n\n5. (Penultimate resort)  Send mail to mail-server@mantis.co.uk consisting of\n   the following lines:\n\n      send atheism/faq/faq.txt\n      send atheism/faq/logic.txt\n      send atheism/faq/intro.txt\n      send atheism/faq/resource.txt\n\n   and our poor overworked modems will try and send you a copy of the files.\n   There\'s other stuff, too; interesting commands to try are "help" and\n   "send atheism/index".\n\n6. (Last resort)  Mail mathew@mantis.co.uk, or post an article to the\n   newsgroup asking how you can get the FAQ files.  You should only do this\n   if you\'ve tried the above methods and they\'ve failed; it\'s not nice to\n   clutter the newsgroup or people\'s mailboxes with requests for files.\n   it\'s better than posting without reading the FAQ, though!  For instance,\n   people whose email addresses get mangled in transit and who don\'t have \n   FTP will probably need assistance obtaining the FAQ files.\n\n\nmathew\n\xff\n',
  u"From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 18\n\nIn article <1993Apr29.201036.11256@den.mmc.com> zwork@starfighter.den.mmc.com (Michael Corvin) writes:\n>I expect that retrieving HST would involve 'damaging' it considerably in\n>order to return it to its cradle in the cargo bay.  Most of the deployed\n>items (antennas and, especially, the solar arays) probably are not\n>retractable into their fully stowed position, even by hand...\n\nNo, the thing is designed to be retrievable, in a pinch.  Indeed, this\ndictated a rather odd design for the solar arrays, since they had to be\nretractable as well as extendable, and may thus have indirectly contributed\nto the array-flapping problems.\n\nThe retrieval problems are exactly as stated:  it would be costly, would\ninvolve extensive downtime (and the worry of someone finding a reason not\nto re-launch it), and would unnecessarily expose the telescope to a lot\nof mechanical stresses and possibilities for contamination.\n-- \nSVR4 resembles a high-speed collision   | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\nbetween SVR3 and SunOS.    - Dick Dunn  |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n",
  u'From: u920496@daimi.aau.dk (Hans Erik Martino Hansen)\nSubject: Commercials on the Moon\nOrganization: DAIMI: Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, Denmark\nLines: 16\n\nI have often thought about, if its possible to have a powerfull laser\non earth, to light at the Moon, and show lasergraphics at the surface\nso clearly that you can see it with your eyes when there is a new\nmoon.\n\nHow about a Coca Cola logo at the moon, easy way to target billions of\npeople.\n\nDo you know if its possible?\n\n\n--\nErik M. Hansen    |  Email u920496@daimi.aau.dk\nFuglsangsalle 69  |  Aarhus University\nDK-8210  Erhus V  |  \nDenmark, Europe   | \n',
  u'From: irfan@davinci.ece.wisc.edu (Irfan Alan)\nSubject: A TREATISE ON THE MIRACLES OF MUHAMMAD SAW, PART-1\nOrganization: Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison; Electrical & Computer Engineering\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 81\n\nDROPLET VOL 1, No 11, Part 1\n\nA  D R O P L E T\nFrom The Vast Ocean Of The Miraculous Qur\'an\n\nTranslations from the Arabic and Turkish Writings of \nBediuzzaman Said Nursi, The Risale-i Noor\n\nVOL 1, No 11, Part 1\n------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n   \t\t NINETEENTH LETTER  \n\n\t\t MU\'JIZAT-I AHMEDIYE RISALESI \n(A TREATISE ON THE MIRACLES OF MUHAMMAD SAW)       \n(SAW: PEACE AND BLESSINGS BE UPON HIM)\n\nIn His Name (ALLAH) , Be He (ALLAH) Glorified!\nThere is Nothing But Glorifies His (ALLAH\'s) Praise.\n\nIn The Name Of  Allah, The Compassionate, The Merciful\n\n   "He is who has sent His Messenger with\nguidance and the religion of truth  to make it\nsupreme over all religion:  and sufficient is Allah\nas a Witness.  Muhammad is the Messenger of\nAllah, and those who are with him are firm\nagainst the unbelievers and merciful among\neach other.  You will see them bowing and\nprostrating  themselves, seeking Allah\'s grace\nand His pleasure.  Their mark is on their face\nthe sing of prostrafion; this is their similitude in\nthe Torah and Indgil." [the Our\'an 48:28-29]\n\n   Since the Nineteenth and Thirhy-first Words\nconcerning the mission of Muhammad (SAW) prove his\nprophethood with decisive evidences, we assign the\nverification of that subject to those Words.\n   As a supplement to them, we will merely show here\nin Nineteen Signs, some  of the flashes of that great\ntruth.\n\n   FIRST SIGN:  The Owner and Master of this universe\ndoes everything with knowledge, disposes every affair\nwith wisdom, directs everything all-seeingly, treats\neverything all-knowingly, and arranges in everything with\nHis will and wisdom such causes, purposes and uses that\nare apparent to us.  Since the One who creates knows,\nsurely the One who knows will speak, since He will\nspeak, surely He will speak to those who have\nconsciousness, thought, and speech.  Since He will speak\nto those who have thought, surely He will speak to\nhumankind, whose make-up and awareness are more\ncomprehensive of all conscious beings.  Since He will\nspeak to humankind, surely He will speak to the most\nperfect of mankind and those most worthy of address and\nhighest in morality, and who are qualified to guide\nhumanity; then He will certainly speak to Muhammad (SAW), \nwho, as friend and foe alike testify, is of the highest \ncharacter and morality, and who is obeyed by one fifth\nof humanity, to whose spiritual rule half of the globe has\nsubmitted, with the radiance of whose light has been\nillumined the future of mankind for thirteen centuries, to\nwhom the believers, the luminous segment of humanity,\nrenew their oath of allegiance five times a day, for\nwhose happiness and peace they pray, for whom they call\ndown Allah\'s blessings and bear admiration and love in\ntheir hearts.\n\n   Certainly, He will speak to Muhammad (SAW),\nand Indeed He has done so;  He will make him the\nMessenger, and Indeed He has done so; He will make\nhim the guide for the rest of humanity, and Indeed He\nhas done so.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------\nTo be continued In$a Allah.\nYour Br. Irfan in Islam.\n\n\n',
  u"From: jaeger@buphy.bu.edu (Gregg Jaeger)\nSubject: Re: Yet more Rushdie [Re: ISLAMIC LAW]\nOrganization: Boston University Physics Department\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <1993Apr10.124753.25195@bradford.ac.uk> L.Newnham@bradford.ac.uk (Leonard Newnham) writes:\n\n>Gregg Jaeger (jaeger@buphy.bu.edu) wrote:\n\n>>Well, it seemed slightly incongruous to find the Union Jack flying\n>>at City Hall in Belfast. \n\n>May I ask why?  It's there not because the British want it there (NI\n>is just one big expensive problem), it's there because that is\n>what the majority of the population of NI want.  Is there some\n>problem with that?\n\nThe majority of those who can open their mouths in public perhaps.\nThere seems quite alot of incentive for the British to have control\nof NI, like using the North Channel and Irish Sea as a waste dump (I was\nappalled at the dumping I saw in the harbor in Belfast). It is my\nunderstanding that quite alot of radioactivity enters the water --\nit'd be quite a problem if NI got its independence from Britain and\nthen stopped accepting the waste. Are you suggesting that British\nindustry isn't making profit off the situation as well?\n\n\nGregg\n",
  u'From: pdenize@waikato.ac.nz\nSubject: Cross, Sobel & Roberts Filters ?\nOrganization: University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand\nLines: 15\n\n\nI saw an imaging program some time ago on an Amiga that had\nCross, Sobel and Roberts filters for edge detection. \n\nCan anybody direct me to these algorithms.\n\nPaul Denize\n\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\nPaul Denize                                Internet: PDenize@Waikato.ac.nz\nDepartment of Computer Science\nUniversity of Waikato                         phone: ++64 7 8562-889\nHamilton                                                          Ext 8743\nNEW ZEALAND                                   fax  : ++64 7 8560-135\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u"From: nelson_p@apollo.hp.com (Peter Nelson)\nSubject: Re: Biblical Backing of Koresh's 3-02 Tape (Cites enclosed)\nNntp-Posting-Host: c.ch.apollo.hp.com\nOrganization: Hewlett-Packard Corporation, Chelmsford, MA\nLines: 26\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.093914.1@woods.ulowell.edu> cotera@woods.ulowell.edu writes:\n>In article <1r17j9$5ie@sbctri.sbc.com>, netd@susie.sbc.com () writes:\n>> In article <20APR199301460499@utarlg.uta.edu> b645zaw@utarlg.uta.edu (stephen) writes:\n>>>For those who think David Koresh didn't have a solid structure,\n>>>or sound Biblical backing for his hour long tape broadcast,\n>> \n>> I don't think anyone really cares about the solid structure of his\n>> sermon.  It's the deaths he's responsible for that concern most people.\n>\n>I assume you have evidence that he was responsible for the deaths?\n> \n>> Koresh was a nut, okay?  \n>\n>Again, I'd like to see some evidence.\n\n  Nut or not, he was clearly a liar.  He said he would surrender after\n  local radio stations broadcast his message, but he didn't.  Then he\n  said he would surrender after Passover, but he didn't.\n\n  None of which excuses the gross incompetence and disregard for the\n  safety of the children displayed by the feds.   As someone else\n  pointed out, if it had been Chelsea Clinton in there you would \n  probably have seen more restraint.\n\n\n---peter\n",
  u"From: jesup@cbmvax.cbm.commodore.com (Randell Jesup)\nSubject: Re: Products to handle HDTV moving pircture (180MB/sec)\nReply-To: jesup@cbmvax.cbm.commodore.com (Randell Jesup)\nOrganization: Commodore, West Chester, PA\nLines: 31\n\nkazsato@twics.co.jp writes:\n>I'd like to know if there is any system (CPU + HD array + framebuffer)\n>which can play and record HDTV quality moving picture in realtime.\n>\n>HDTV has about 6MB/frame, so recording/playing moving picture will need\n>about 180MB/sec bandwidth. I'm thinking to treat the raw data.. not\n>compressed. \n\n\tActually, for digital HDTV systems that's far higher bandwidth than\nyou need, unless there's some reason you must work in fully-uncompressed\nHDTV.  Also, my calculations is that each frame should be well under 6MB,\neven using 24 bits/pixel (which is more bits than you actually need - 15 or\n18 should be enough for a moving picture).  1600x1100x16bits is 3.5MB (I'm\nguessing at HDTV resolution - it may be a bit wider than 1600, I'm fairly\nsure of the 1100 number for most of the digital proposals).\n\n\tI hope you have a very fast memory system as well - 180MB/s while\ndisplaying will require a heavily interleaved VRAM system.\n\n\tUnless you have a _very_ compelling reason, I'd advise trying to use\nat least somewhat compressed data.  You don't have to go to full compression\nto get to a level where the data IO requirements are much cheaper and easier\nto deal with.\n\n-- \nGNU Emacs is a LISP operating system disguised as a word processor.\n - Doug Mohney, in comp.arch\n\nRandell Jesup, Jack-of-quite-a-few-trades, Commodore Engineering.\njesup@cbmvax.commodore.com or rutgers!cbmvax!jesup\tBIX: rjesup  \nDisclaimer: Nothing I say is anything other than my personal opinion.\n",
  u'From: wpwood@darkwing.austin.ibm.com\nSubject: Re: HPGL viewer and utilities\nIn-Reply-To: "Gaetan Lord, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal"\'s message of Wed, 28 Apr 1993 03:11:06 GMT\nReply-To: wpwood@austin.ibm.com (Bill Woodward)\nOrganization: The Institute of Knowledge on Jinx\nLines: 20\n\n\nIn article <27APR93.23959946.0053@music.mus.polymtl.ca> "Gaetan Lord, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal" <DG03@music.mus.polymtl.ca> writes:\n\n   Hi\n\n   I would like to know if there is any software, PD or not, who\n   could produce X11 output of HPGL file on RS/6000. And same kind of\n   software who could produce hardcopy on postscript and lasetjet.\n\nTry export.lcs.mit.edu.  I think that there is a viewer there called\nxviewgl.  Check the README in /contrib.\n\n\n\n--\n<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>\nBill Woodward        | wpwood@austin.ibm.com   <-- Try this first\nAIX Software Support | billw@aixwiz.austin.ibm.com  \nGraphics Group       | 512-838-2834\nI am the terror that flaps in the night.\n',
  u'From: powlesla@acs.ucalgary.ca (Jim Powlesland)\nSubject: comp.graphics FAQ\nNntp-Posting-Host: acs6.acs.ucalgary.ca\nOrganization: The University of Calgary, Alberta\nLines: 8\n\n\nIs there a comp.graphics FAQ and if so, where?\n\n-- \n/  Jim Powlesland                   / INTERNET: powlesla@acs.ucalgary.ca\n/  Academic Computing Services      / VOICE:    (403)220-7937\n/  University of Calgary            / MESSAGE:  (403)220-6201\n/  Calgary, Alberta CANADA  T2N 1N4 / FAX:      (403)282-9199\n',
  u'From: MANDTBACKA@FINABO.ABO.FI (Mats Andtbacka)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: Unorganized Usenet Postings UnInc.\nLines: 24\nIn-Reply-To: frank@D012S658.uucp\'s message of 15 Apr 1993 23:15:09 GMT\nX-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.24\n\nIn <1qkq9t$66n@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de> frank@D012S658.uucp writes:\n\n(Attempting to define \'objective morality\'):\n\n> I\'ll take a wild guess and say Freedom is objectively valuable.  I base\n> this on the assumption that if everyone in the world were deprived utterly\n> of their freedom (so that their every act was contrary to their volition),\n> almost all would want to complain.\n\n      So long as you keep that "almost" in there, freedom will be a\nmostly valuable thing, to most people. That is, I think you\'re really\nsaying, "a real big lot of people agree freedom is subjectively valuable\nto them". That\'s good, and a quite nice starting point for a moral\nsystem, but it\'s NOT UNIVERSAL, and thus not "objective".\n\n> Therefore I take it that to assert or\n> believe that "Freedom is not very valuable", when almost everyone can see\n> that it is, is every bit as absurd as to assert "it is not raining" on\n> a rainy day.\n\n      It isn\'t in Sahara.\n\n-- \n  Disclaimer?   "It\'s great to be young and insane!"\n',
  u'From: jmuller@ic.sunysb.edu (John S Muller)\nSubject: WAYNE RIGBY\nOrganization: State University of New York at Stony Brook\nLines: 20\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: csws18.ic.sunysb.edu\n\n\nSorry to clog up the news group with this message.\n\nWayne Rigby, I have the info you requested, but for some\nreason I can not mail it to you.  Please contact me!\nSend email address.\nj\n-- \n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"No Real Programmer can function without caffeine" - Zen + Art of Internet\n\n     _/_/_/_/_/  _/_/_/_/_/  _/_/  _/_/        John S. Muller\n        _/      _/          _/  _/  _/         muller@diego.llnl.gov\n       _/      _/_/_/_/_/  _/  _/  _/          muller@sisal.llnl.gov\n _/   _/              _/  _/      _/           jmuller@libserv1.ic.sunysb.edu \n _/_/_/      _/_/_/_/_/  _/      _/            \n\n"You are not drunk until you have to grab the grass,\n to keep the grass from falling off the earth" - Some Stupid Comedian\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: Burden of Proof\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 41\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.182030.888@batman.bmd.trw.com> jbrown@batman.bmd.trw.com writes:\n>Actually, both are positive arguments.  ("Positive" may not be the best\n>description here due to possible misunderstanding, but it\'s the term you\n>used.)  Positive arguments/assertions can be both affirmative (i.e. God \n>exists) and negative (i.e. God does not exist).  Both carry an equal \n>burden of proof because they are both asserting that a certain idea\n>is true.  The default condition, in the absence of a preponderance of\n>evidence either way, is that the proposition or assertion is undecidable.\n>And the person who takes the undecidable position and says that he/she\n>simply disbelieves that the proposition is true, is the only one who\n>holds no burden of proof.  This is why the so-called "weak atheist"\n>position is virtually unassailable -- not because it stands on a firm\n>foundation of logical argument, but because it\'s proponents simply\n>disbelieve in the existence of God(s) and therefore they hold no burden\n>of proof.  When you don\'t assert anything, you don\'t have to prove\n>anything.  That\'s where weak atheism draws its strength.  But its\n>strength is also its Achilles\' heel.  Without assertions/axioms, one\n>has no foundation upon which to build.  As a philosophy, it\'s virtually\n>worthless.  IMO, of course.\n\n\tSo, if I were to assert that there are no thousand year old \ninvisible pink unicorns* residing in my walls, I need to support this with \nevidence? I think the _lack_ of evidence shall suffice.\n\n\n\t* Who happen to like listening to satanic messages found in playing \nBeethoven\'s 45th symphony backwards.\n---\n\n        "FBI officials said cult leader David Koresh may have \n         forced followers to remain as flames closed in. Koresh\'s \n         armed guard may have injected as many as 24 children with \n         poison to quiet them."\n\n        -\n        \n        "And God saw everything he had made, and, behold, in was very \n         good."\n\n         Genesis 1:31\n\n',
  u'From: keegan@acm.rpi.edu (James G. Keegan Jr.)\nSubject: Re: Spreading Christianity (Re: Christian Extremist Kills Doctor)\nNntp-Posting-Host: hermes.acm.rpi.edu\nReply-To: keegan@hermes.acm.rpi.edu\nOrganization: T.S.A.K.C.\nLines: 15\n\nnyikos@math.scarolina.edu (Peter Nyikos) writes:\n\n->I addressed most of the key issues in this very long (284 lines) post\n->by Dean Kaflowitz in two posts yesterday.  The first was made into the\n->title post of a new thread, "Is Dean Kaflowitz terminally irony-impaired?"\n->and the second, more serious one appeared along the thread\n->"A Chaney Post, and a Challenge, reissued and revised"\n\nif you\'re so insecure about people reading your posts\nthat you feel the need to write new posts announcing\nwhat you wrote in old, posts, why bother? accept it\nPHoney, you\'re a laughingstock.\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: wingo%cspara.decnet@Fedex.Msfc.Nasa.Gov\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters.  WHere  are they.\nOrganization: University of Houston\nLines: 23\nNNTP-Posting-Host: judy.uh.edu\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41\n\nIn article <1rlrpv$5ta@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes...\n> \n\n>Is this a big enough problem, to create a new area of physics?\n>just a little speculative thinking folks.\n> \n>pat\n\n\nWell pat for once I agree with you and I like your first idea that you had.\nIT probably is the gamma ray signature of the warp transitions of interstellar\nspacecraft! :)\n\nWell it makes as much sense as some things. I was at the first Gamma Ray\nBurst conference here at UAH and had great fun watching the discomfiture\nof many of the Gamma Ray scientists. Much scruitiny was given to the\ndata reductions. I remember one person in particular who passionately declared\nthat the data was completely wrong as there were no explanation for the\nphenomena of the smooth sky distribution. (heck it even shoots down the\nwarp transition theory :(. The next conference is soon and I will endeavour\nto keep in touch with this fun subject.\n\nDennis\n',
  u"From: UC512052@mizzou1.missouri.edu (David K. Drum)\nSubject: What has happened to DKB-L@TREARN???\nOrganization: University of Missouri\nX-Posted-From: mizzou1.missouri.edu\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sol.ctr.columbia.edu\nLines: 12\n\nHello,\n \nI've been on the DKBtrace/PoVray mailing list out of trearn.bitnet\nfor some time now, but when I tried to post the other day the\nlistserv told me that the list doesn't exist!  So I got a global\nlist of groups from the listserv and - - NOTHING!  I grepped every\nstring I could think of.  If Frank, Ville Saari, Andre Beck, or anyone\nelse who's a regular on DKB-L can tell me what is going on, please do!\n \nRegards,\n \nDavid K. Drum uc512052@mizzou1.missouri.edu\n",
  u"From: Sean McMains <mcmains@unt.edu>\nSubject: Re: Rumours about 3DO ???\nX-Xxmessage-Id: <A7F81FD2F801023C@seanmac.acs.unt.edu>\nX-Xxdate: Mon, 19 Apr 93 15: 22:26 GMT\nOrganization: University of North Texas\nX-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d20\nLines: 83\n\nFirst off: Thanks to all who have filled me in on the existence of the\n68070. I assumed rashly that the particular number would be reserved for\nfurther enhancements to the Motorola line, rather than meted out to\nanother company. Ah, well, I guess that's what I get when I assume the\ncomputer industry will operate in a logical manner! ;-)\n\nIn article <1993Apr16.212441.34125@rchland.ibm.com> Ricardo Hernandez\nMuchado, ricardo@rchland.vnet.ibm.com writes:\n>   Sean, I don't want to get into a 'mini-war' by what I am going to say,\n>but I have to be a little bit skeptic about the performance you are\n>claiming on the Centris, you'll see why (please, no-flames, I reserve\n>those for c.s.m.a :-) )\n>\n>   I was in Chicago in the last consumer electronics show, and Apple had\na\n>booth there.  I walked by, and they were showing real-time video capture\n>using a (Radious or SuperMac?) card to digitize and make right on the\nspot\n>quicktime movies.  I think the quicktime they were using was the old one\n>(1.5).\n\nVersion 1.5 of Quicktime is, as has been stated, the current version of\nthe software. The older version is 1.0, and 1.6 is on the horizon in the\nnot too distant future.\n\n>   They digitized a guy talking there in 160x2xx something.  It played\nback quite\n>nicely and in real time.  The guy then expanded the window (resized) to\n25x by\n>3xx (320 in y I think) and the frame rate decreased enough to notice\nthat it\n>wasn't 30fps (or about 30fps) anymore.  It dropped to like 15 fps.  Then\nhe\n>increased it just a bit more, and it dropped to 10<->12 fps. \n\nQuicktime does a much better job of playing back movies at size than it\ndoes playing back resized movies. Apparently the process of expanding\neach frame's image and dithering the resultant bitmap to the appropriate\nbit depth is pretty processor-intensive. There are optimizers that work\npretty well for showing movies at double size, but if you drop to 1.9x\nsize or increase to 2.1x size, performance suffers dramatically.\n\n>   Then I asked him what Mac he was using... He was using a Quadra\n(don't know\n>what model, 900?) to do it, and he was telling the guys there that the\nQuicktime\n>could play back at the same speed even on an LCII.\n\nHe lied. :-) Quicktime is very CPU dependent. He was probably confused by\nthe fact that QT is locked to an internal timecode, and will play in the\nsame amount of time on any machine. However, an LC will drop frames in\norder to keep the sound and video synced up.\n\nThe Centris and Quadras have similar CPUs and will thus boast similar\nperformance, though the Quadras will be a bit faster due to marginally\nfaster clock speeds and somewhat different architecture.\n\n>   Well, I spoiled his claim so to say, since a 68040 Quadra Mac was\nhaving\n>a little bit of trouble.  And this wasn't even from the hardisk!  This\nwas\n>from memory!\n>\n>   Could it be that you saw either a newer version of quicktime, or some\n>hardware assisted Centris, or another software product running the \n>animation (like supposedly MacroMind's Accelerator?)?\n\nI expect that the version of the Quicktime software you saw was 1.0 -- I\nwas using was 1.5. One of the new codecs in v1.5 allows video at nearly\ntwice the size and the same frame rate as what version 1.0 could handle.\nThe Centris 650 I saw was a plain-vanilla, with the exception of the nice\nspeakers that were playing the sound, and the software was Movie Player,\nthe QT player Apple includes with the software.\n\n>   Don't misunderstand me, I just want to clarify this.\n\nNo problem -- it still surprises me that Quicktime is able to do the\nthings it does as well as it can.\n========================================================================\nSean McMains              | Check out the Gopher    | Phone:817.565.2039\nUniversity of North Texas | New Bands Info server   | Fax  :817.565.4060\nP.O. Box 13495            | at seanmac.acs.unt.edu  | E-Mail:\nDenton TX 76203           |                         |  McMains@unt.edu\n",
  u'From: prb@access.digex.net (Pat)\nSubject: Re: DC-X Publicity\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 11\nDistribution: sci\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\n\nNo.  Do this.\n\nHave the DC-X1, make an unscheduled landing at teh 50 yard\nline during the halftime show of This years Superbowl.\n\nABC  will have more reporters there  for that,  then at\nany news event.\n\npat\n',
  u'From: nrp@st-andrews.ac.uk (Norman R. Paterson)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: Association Against Having Fun With Your Clothes On\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <1993Apr5.020504.19326@ultb.isc.rit.edu> snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu (S.N. Mozumder ) writes:\n[...]\n>One of the reasons that you are atheist is that you limit God by giving\n>God a form.  God does not have a "face".\n\nWait a minute.  I thought you said that Allah (I presume Allah == God) was unknowable,\nand yet here you are claiming to know a very concrete fact about him.\n\nYou say that God does not have a "face".  Doesn\'t the bible say that God has hindparts?\n\nHow do you suggest I decide which (if any) of you is right?  Or are you both right?\nGod has hindparts but no face?  Or does your use of quotation marks:\n\n\tGod does not have a "face".\n\nallow you to interpret this to mean whatever you like?\n\n>\n>Peace,\n>\n>Bobby Mozumder\n\n-Norman\n',
  u'From: ktikkane@phoenix.oulu.fi (Kari Tikkanen)\nSubject: Re: Burden of Proof\nOrganization: University of Oulu, Finland\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 26\n\nMark McCullough (mccullou@snake2.cs.wisc.edu) wrote:\n: >But if entertainment (company) sell computer programs saying they are virus \n: >safe. Doesn`t they have burden of proof that viruses don`t exist in their \n: >floppies ?\n\n: I don\'t think so.  The assumption is there.  If it turns out that\n: their software has a virus, then it is up to you to prove that fact\n: to a court to get any damages.  You are theoretically suppossed to \n: be able to get damages for that, but you have to give some evidence\n: that the virus came from that software.  But since the computer\n: company is the defendent, they are uninvolved until proven guilty.\n\nAll right. I\'m not and won\'t be lawyer. What about doctors?\nI going to fly aeroplane (or drive car). Doctors have to look for different\nkind of illnesses in me before I get permission to fly an aeroplane.\nThey have burden of proof that "harmful illnesses don\'t exist in me",\ndo they ?\n\n(I\'m just questioning my belief that believers have the burden of proof.)\n\n: Please, not Pascal!  NOOOOO!! ;)\nOh!  Are you those bug-generator C-programmers  ? :-)\nTurbo Pascal is the BEST and FASTEST for edit-run-edit-run cycles !\n----------------------- ktikkane@phoenix.oulu.fi -------------------\n  Kari Tikkanen      !   .  . -#- !      b        !   begin  \n--------------------------------------------------------------------\n',
  u'From: zyeh@caspian.usc.edu (zhenghao yeh)\nSubject: Re: Need polygon splitting algo...\nOrganization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA\nLines: 25\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: caspian.usc.edu\nKeywords: polygons, splitting, clipping\n\n\nIn article <1qvq4b$r4t@wampyr.cc.uow.edu.au>, g9134255@wampyr.cc.uow.edu.au (Coronado Emmanuel Abad) writes:\n|> \n|> The idea is to clip one polygon using another polygon (not\n|> necessarily rectangular) as a window.  My problem then is in\n|> finding out all the new vertices of the resulting "subpolygons"\n|> from the first one.  Is this simply a matter of extending the\n|> usual algorithm whereby each of the edges of one polygon is checked\n|> against another polygon???  Is there a simpler way??\n|> \n|> Comments welcome.\n|> \n|> Noel.\n\n\tIt depends on what kind of the polygons. \n\tConvex - simple, concave - trouble, concave with loop(s)\n\tinside - big trouble.\n\n\tOf cause, you can use the box test to avoid checking\n\teach edges. According to my experience, there is not\n\ta simple way to go. The headache stuff is to deal with\n\tthe special cases, for example, the overlapped lines.\n\n\tYeh\n\tUSC\n',
  u'From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: Gospel Dating\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 16\n\nKeith M. Ryan (kmr4@po.CWRU.edu) wrote:\n: \n: \tWild and fanciful claims require greater evidence. If you state that \n: one of the books in your room is blue, I certainly do not need as much \n: evidence to believe than if you were to claim that there is a two headed \n: leapard in your bed. [ and I don\'t mean a male lover in a leotard! ]\n\nKeith, \n\nIf the issue is, "What is Truth" then the consequences of whatever\nproposition argued is irrelevent. If the issue is, "What are the consequences\nif such and such -is- True", then Truth is irrelevent. Which is it to\nbe?\n\n\nBill\n',
  u'From: pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering)\nSubject: Re: Space Marketing would be wonderfull.\nOrganization: Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana\nLines: 37\n\ndnash@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (David Nash) writes:\n\n>We\'re talking about an orbiting ad here, not some little point\n>of light that puts a streak or two on a photograph.  It should have been\n>clear that anything used for advertisement is going to be a bit larger than\n>a point source.  Even if this was not clear there\'s a previous post on this\n>topic that makes it clear:\n\n>----\n>Message-ID: <FOX.93May15223005@graphics.nyu.edu>\n>Sender: notes@cmcl2.nyu.edu (Notes Person)\n>Nntp-Posting-Host: graphics.cs.nyu.edu\n>Organization: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences\n>Date: Sun, 16 May 1993 03:30:05 GMT\n>Lines: 132\n\n>In the New York Times on Sunday May 9th in the week in review\n>section there was a report of a group called "Space Marketing"\n>in Atlanta, Georgia who is planning to put up a one mile wide\n>reflective Earth orbiting satelite which will appear as large\n>\t\t\t\t\t\t     ^^ ^^^^^\n>and as bright as the Moon and carry some sort of advertising.\n>^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^\n\nFrom the description I\'ve read, it\'s prob. only going to be\nas bright as Jupiter. Anything else is probably hype from the\nopponents or wishful thinking from the sponsors.\n\nIf we could do something as bright as the full moon that soon,\nthat cheap, the CIS would have done it already.\n\n\n--\nPhil Fraering         |"Number one good faith! You convert,\npgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu|you not tortured by demons!" - anon. Mahen missionary\n\n\n',
  u'From: squeegee@world.std.com (Stephen C. Gilardi)\nSubject: Need PostScript strokeadjust info\nSummary: Seeking algorithm for endpoint "snapping"\nKeywords: postscript emulation adjust stroke strokeadjust\nOrganization: SQ Software via The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA\nLines: 31\n\nI need information on the Display PostScript strokeadjust feature.\nThis feature adjusts the endpoints of lines so that the displayed line\nlooks better on low resolution devices.\n\nThe PostScript literature explains the process to some extent.  They\nalso give an example of how to "emulate" strokeadjust in PostScript\nenvironments where it is absent.\n\nThe suggested emulation is to modify the coordinates of the endpoints\nof a line using the following formula for each coordinate:\n\n\tnew_coord = (round (old_coord - 0.25)) + 0.25\n\t\nDoing this we end up with all coordinates ending in ".25".  From\nreading I thought that what they might actually do is:\n\n\tnew_coord = ((trunc (old_coord * 2)) / 2) + 0.25\n\t\nThis results in all the coordinates ending in either "0.25" or "0.75" \nwhichever is closer.\n\nBy doing some actual comparisons with Display PostScript, I find that\nneither of these is what DPS really uses.  Since I like how the DPS\nresult looks better than how my stuff looks, I\'d like to know if\nanyone who knows how DPS does it is willing/able to tell me.\n\nThanks,\n\n--Steve\nsqueegee@world.std.com\n\n',
  u'From: battin@cyclops.iucf.indiana.edu (Laurence Gene Battin)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nNntp-Posting-Host: cyclops.iucf.indiana.edu\nOrganization: Indiana University\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 45\n\nIn article <24APR199302290235@utarlg.uta.edu>, stephen (b645zaw@utarlg.uta.edu) wrote:\n> In article <1993Apr21.190441.4282@ccsvax.sfasu.edu>, \n> f_gautjw@ccsvax.sfasu.edu writes...\n\n> >In article <1993Apr21.164554.1@ccsua.ctstateu.edu>, \n> >parys@ccsua.ctstateu.edu writes:\n> >> I told some friends of mine two weeks ago that Koresh was dead.  \n> >> The FBI and the BATF could not let a man like that live. He was \n> >> a testimonial to their stupidity and lies.    \n> >> \n> >\t[...deleted...]\n> > \n> >Unfortunately, I think you\'ve got it figured pretty well.  I also ask\n> >myself the question "Why did they plan for so many months.  Why was\n> >this so important to them?  What was the government really up to?\n> >Why did they seal the warrant?  Were they after Koresh or were they \n> >after the first and second amendments, among others?\n\n> Allow me to play devils advocate a moment JG:\n\n> \to  What was called many months of *planning* was probably\n> \t   the intelligence collecting: paperwork and interviews.\n\n> \to  It\'s important to them because it justifies budgets.\n\n> \to  The warrant was sealed to keep from jeopardizing the \n> \t   the government\'s case.\n\n> \to  There was probably no one actually exercising oversite.\n> \t   Instead, a system of bureaucratic rules has been set \n> \t   up for such incidents. Like computer programs -- these\n> \t   have to be debugged periodically. Especially when used\n> \t   in fringe areas. (cf. the "hostage rescue" program).\n> \t   Therefore -- NO ONE WAS IN CHARGE. And no one can \n> \t   reasonably be held responsible. \n\nBaloney.  Either the programmer or the people who decided to let their\nactions be governed by the program are clearly at fault.  If you neglect\nto do maintenance on your car, and the steering goes out, you _are_\nresponsible for the death of all those kids on the sidewalk your car\nsubsequently drives over "on its own".\n\nGene Battin\nbattin@cyclops.iucf.indiana.edu\nno .sig yet\n',
  u"From: psyrobtw@ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss)\nSubject: 22 Apr 93   God's Promise in Psalm 34:5\nOrganization: University at Buffalo\nLines: 5\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41\nNntp-Posting-Host: ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu\n\n\n\tThey looked unto him, and were lightened:\n\tand their faces were not ashamed.\n\n\tPsalm 34:5\n",
  u'From: donn@carson.u.washington.edu (Donn Cave)\nSubject: Re: Anyone know use "rayshade" out there?\nOrganization: University of Washington\nLines: 13\nNNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu\nKeywords: rayshade, uw.\n\nfineman@stein2.u.washington.edu (Twixt your toes) writes:\n\n| I\'m using "rayshade" on the u.w. computers here, and i\'d like input\n| from other users, and perhaps swap some ideas.  I could post\n| uuencoded .gifs here, or .ray code, if anyone\'s interested.  I\'m having\n| trouble coming up with colors that are metallic (i.e. brass, steel)\n| from the RGB values.\n\nSorry, I\'m not a rayshade user - but hey, it looks like this group could\nuse some traffic.  My guess is that "metallic" isn\'t a color, in the RGB\nsense.  Rather, it\'s a matter of how the surface reflects light.  I\'m not\nsure what property metallic materials have, that makes them recognizable\nas such, but I\'m pretty sure any color material can look metallic.\n',
  u"From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Iapetus/Saturn Eclipse\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 79\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nForwarded from John Spencer (spencer@lowell.edu):\n\nThere will be two eclipses of Iapetus by Saturn and its\nrings, in May and July.  Please spread the word!  Here's some\ninformation about the events, and then a couple of messages from Jay\nGoguen of JPL appealing for thermal observations of the eclipse to\nlearn more about the thermal properties of Iapetus.  He might also have\nsome money available...\n\nJohn Spencer, 1993/04/21\n\nIapetus will be eclipsed by the shadows of Saturn's rings and Saturn\nitself on 1993/05/01-02 (18:27-13:43 UT) and again on 1993/07/20-21,\n(21:16-09:38 UT).  Timing is as follows;\n\n     1993 May 1-2\n\n        A-ring ingress  18:27\n               egress   19:30\n        B-ring ingress  19:51\n               egress   21:42\n        C-ring egress   23:00\n        Saturn ingress  23:59\n               egress   10:02\n        B-ring ingress  10:28\n               egress   12:19\n        A-ring ingress  12:40\n               egress   13:43\n\n     1993 July 20-21\n\n        Saturn ingress  21:16\n               egress   05:08\n        A-ring ingress  05:13  (grazing)\n               egress   09:38\n\nTimes could be 30 minutes later according to an alternate ephemeris,\nand photometric observations are important for refining Iapetus'\norbit.  Because the Sun's size projected on the rings as seen from\nIapetus is 3100 km it's unlikely that we will learn anything new about\nthe rings themselves from the observations.  See Soma (1992), Astronomy\nand Astrophysics 265, L21-L24 for more details.  Thanks to Andy Odell\nof Northern Arizona University for bringing the events to my\nattention.\n\nTHERMAL OBSERVATIONS?\n\nJay Goguen (jdg@scn5.Jpl.Nasa.Gov) writes:\n\n  To me, the interesting thing to do would be thermal IR of the 20 July\n  disappearance into the shadow of the planet to measure thermal inertia,\n  etc.  Unfortunately, the 21:30 UT of this event renders it inaccessible,\n  except from Russia.  Even from Calar Alto, Saturn is rising through 3\n  airmasses at 23:00 UT.  Do you know anyone in Russia or Ukraine with\n  a big telescope and 10 um instrumentation that's looking for something\n  to do?  I'd be willing to make a personal grant of >$100 for the data.\n\n  Jay\n\nand again:\n\n  please try to encourage anyone that can observe the iapetus planet\n  disappearance to do so at thermal wavelengths.  My impression would\n  be that it's not an easy observation.  Iapetus will be faint and\n  getting fainter in eclipse, so you'll need a big telescope that's a\n  good IR telescope and reasonable 10 - 20 um instrumentation.  I don't\n  think that combination is widely available at the longitudes that are\n  well placed for observation.  We need SOFIA for this one.  One\n  possibility would be the IR telescope in India, but it's only a 1.2 m.\n\njay\n\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n\n",
  u'From: haston@utkvx.utk.edu (Haston, Donald Wayne)\nSubject: Church related graphics\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \nKeywords: Christian graphics\nOrganization: University of Tennessee Computing Center\nLines: 13\n\nI am looking for some good quality graphics files which are\nsuitable for use in church-related presentations. I prefer vector,\nbut anything would be helpful.\n\nIf you know of bulletin boards which have collections of this nature, or\ncommercial products, please inform me by email:\n\nHASTON@UTKVX.UTK.EDU\n\nWayne Haston\n\n\n\n',
  u"From: jbulf@balsa.Berkeley.EDU (Jeff Bulf)\nSubject: Re: Fractal compression\nKeywords: fractal\nReply-To: jbulf@balsa.Berkeley.EDU (Jeff Bulf)\nOrganization: Kubota Pacific Computers Inc.\nLines: 12\n\nIn article <inu530n.735550992@lindblat.cc.monash.edu.au>, inu530n@lindblat.cc.monash.edu.au (I Rachmat) writes:\n|> Hi... can anybody give me book or reference title to give me a start at \n|> fractal image compression technique. Helps will be appreciated... thanx\n\nFor better worse, the source on this on is Michael Barnsley. His article\nin The Science of Fractal Images (Peitgen et al) is a fair-to-middling\nintro. Barnsley's book Fractals Everywhere is a more thorough treatment.\nThe book covers Iterated Function Systems in general, and their application\nto image compression is clear from the text.\n--- \n\tdr memory\n\tjbulf@kpc.com\n",
  u'From: ortmann@plains.NoDak.edu (Daniel Ortmann)\nSubject: Re: VGA Graphics Library\nKeywords: C, library, graphics\nArticle-I.D.: ns1.C72u68.H6y\nOrganization: North Dakota Higher Education Computing Network\nLines: 11\nNntp-Posting-Host: plains.nodak.edu\n\nIn article <2054@mwca.UUCP> bill@mwca.UUCP (Bill Sheppard) writes:\n)Many high-end graphics cards come with C source code for doing basic graphics\n)sorts of things (change colors, draw points/lines/polygons/fills, etc.).  Does\n)such a library exist for generic VGA graphics cards/chips, hopefully in the\n)public domain?  This would be for the purpose of compiling under a non-DOS\n)operating system running on a standard PC.\n\nCheck the server code for X11R5.  (or "XFree86")\n-- \nDaniel "un?X" Ortmann    (talmidim)  NDSU Electrical Engineering\nortmann@plains.nodak.edu   shalom    Fargo, North Dakota\n',
  u'From: prxfalken@email.teaser.com ( Pascal  Guillaumet)\nSubject: Re: OAK VGA 1Mb. Please, I needd VESA TSR!!! 8^)\nNntp-Posting-Host: teaser.com\nOrganization: Guest of France-Teaser, (3617 EMAIL)\nLines: 13\n\n  Simple !!  Look for VESA drivers in VPIC 6.0e package !!\nMany SVGA card supported. Look for it on your favorite BBS.\n\n--\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nNot tonight honey, i just received my Nuvotel :-]\n\n\nprxfalken@email.teaser.com\nPascal GUILLAUMET\n3614 TEASER\nISSY LES MOULINEAUX\nFRANCE\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Proton/Centaur?\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 15\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\n\nWell thank you dennis for your as usual highly detailed and informative \nposting.   \n\nThe question i have about the proton, is  could it be  handled at\none of KSC's spare pads, without major  malfunction,  or could it be\nhandled at kourou  or Vandenberg?   \n\nNow if it uses storables,  then  how long would it take for the russians\nto equip something at cape york?\n\nIf  Proton were launched from a western site,  how would it compare to the\nT4/centaur?   As i see it, it should lift  very close to the T4.\n\npat\n",
  u'From: mbk@lyapunov.ucsd.edu (Matt Kennel)\nSubject: Re: Space Marketing would be wonderfull.\nOrganization: Institute For Nonlinear Science, UCSD\nLines: 34\nNNTP-Posting-Host: lyapunov.ucsd.edu\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL3\n\nfcrary@ucsu.Colorado.EDU (Frank Crary) writes:\n: While I\'m sure Sagan considers it sacrilegious, that wouldn\'t be\n: because of his doubtfull credibility as an astronomer. Modern, \n: ground-based, visible light astronomy (what these proposed\n: orbiting billboards would upset) is already a dying field: The\n: opacity and distortions caused by the atmosphere itself have\n: driven most of the field to use radio, far infrared or space-based\n: telescopes.\n\nHardly.  The Keck telescope in Hawaii has taken its first pictures; they\'re\nnearly as good as Hubble for a tiny fraction of the cost.\n\n: In any case, a bright point of light passing through\n: the field doesn\'t ruin observations. If that were the case, the\n: thousands of existing satellites would have already done so (satelliets\n: might not seem so bright to the eyes, but as far as astronomy is concerned,\n: they are extremely bright.)\n\nI believe that this orbiting space junk will be FAR brighter still;\nmore like the full moon.  The moon upsets deep-sky observation all\nover the sky (and not just looking at it) because of scattered light.\n\nThis is a known problem, but of course two weeks out of every four are\nOK.  What happens when this billboard circles every 90 minutes?  What\nwould be a good time then?\n\n:                                              Frank Crary\n:                                              CU Boulder\n\n--\n-Matt Kennel  \t\tmbk@inls1.ucsd.edu\n-Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego\n-*** AD: Archive for nonlinear dynamics papers & programs: FTP to\n-***     lyapunov.ucsd.edu, username "anonymous".\n',
  u'From: huston@access.digex.com (Herb Huston)\nSubject: Re: The fact of the theory\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt, MD USA\nLines: 18\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <1993Apr24.141736.17526@njitgw.njit.edu> dmu5391@hertz.njit.edu (David Utidjian Eng.Sci.) writes:\n}It is so simple.... I\'m surprised that this subject gets\n}beat to death about once a month. A quick glance in a dictionary\n}would clear up 99% of the confusion and bandwidth in this\n}newsgroup.\n\nReading Stephen Jay Gould\'s essay "Evolution as Fact and Theory" wouldn\'t\nhurt, either.  It appears in _Hen\'s Teeth and Horse\'s Toes_.\n\n}            Then we could talk about really important things\n}like, why do men have nipples?\n\nSee Gould\'s "Male Nipples and Clitoral Ripples" in _Bully for Brontosaurus_.\n\nGee, this is easy.\n\n-- Herb Huston\n-- huston@access.digex.com\n',
  u'From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Magellan Update - 04/16/93\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 25\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nKeywords: Magellan, JPL\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nForwarded from Doug Griffith, Magellan Project Manager\n\n                        MAGELLAN STATUS REPORT\n                            April 16, 1993\n\n1.  The Magellan mission at Venus continues normally, gathering gravity\ndata which provides measurement of density variations in the upper\nmantle which can be correlated to surface topography.  Spacecraft\nperformance is nominal.\n\n2.  Magellan has completed 7225 orbits of Venus and is now 39 days from\nthe end of Cycle-4 and the start of the Transition Experiment.\n\n3.  No significant activities are expected next week, as preparations\nfor aerobraking continue on schedule.\n\n4.  On Monday morning, April 19, the moon will occult Venus and\ninterrupt the tracking of Magellan for about 68 minutes.\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n\n',
  u'From: geoff@poori.East.Sun.COM (Geoff Arnold @ Sun BOS - R.H. coast near the top)\nSubject: Re: Who has read Rushdie\'s _The Satanic Ve\nOrganization: SunSelect\nLines: 15\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: geoff@poori.East.Sun.COM\nNNTP-Posting-Host: poori.east.sun.com\n\nIn article 1r1cl7INNknk@bozo.dsinc.com, perry@dsinc.com (Jim Perry) writes:\n>Anyway, since I seem to be the only one following this particular line\n>of discussion, I wonder how many of the rest of the readership have\n>read this book?  What are your thoughts on it?  \n\nI read it. I found it wonderful. For some reason (no flames,\nplease), I was reminded of Hemingway, Carl Orff and Van Gogh (not\nall at once, though).\n\n---\nGeoff Arnold, PC-NFS architect, Sun Select. (geoff.arnold@East.Sun.COM)\n--------------------------------------------------+-------------------\n"What if they made the whole thing up?            | "The Great Lie" by\n Four guys, two thousand years ago, over wine..." |    The Tear Garden\n\n',
  u'From: young@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp (YOUNG Shio Hong)\nSubject: Looking for Dr. Bala R. Vatti\'s email address\nNntp-Posting-Host: rabbit-gw\nOrganization: Dept. of Information Science, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan.\nDistribution: comp.graphics\nX-Bytes: 660\nLines: 27\n\nHi!\n\nI am looking for the email address of the author to\n"A Generic Solution to Polygon Clipping", \nCommunication of the ACM, July 1992, Vol. 35, No. 7. \nI got information about the author as follows\n\tMr. Bala R. Vatti\n\tLCEC, 65 River Road, Hudson, N.H. 03051\n\temail: vatti@waynar.lcec.lockheed\nI want to get some related and detailed papers about the\nsame topic from the author. But I failed to send my email \nto the address. Any information is appreciated.\n\nThank you very much.\n\nBest regards.\n\nS. H. Young\nKunii Lab\nDept. of Information Science\nFaculty of Science\nUniversity of Tokyo\nBunkyo-Ku, Hongo 7-3-1\n113 Tokyo, Japan\nemail: young@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp\n\n',
  u'From: acooper@mac.cc.macalstr.edu\nSubject: Re: Where are they now?\nOrganization: Macalester College\nLines: 38\n\nIn article <1qi156INNf9n@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU>, tcbruno@athena.mit.edu (Tom Bruno) writes:\n> \n> Wow.  Leave your terminal for a few months and everyone you remember goes\n> away-- how depressing.  Actually, there are a few familiar faces out there,\n> counting Bob and Kent, but I don\'t seem to recognize anyone else.  Has anyone\n> heard from Graham Matthews recently, or has he gotten his degree and sailed\n> for Greener Pastures (tm)?  \n> \n> Which brings me to the point of my posting.  How many people out there have \n> been around alt.atheism since 1990?  I\'ve done my damnedest to stay on top of\n> the newsgroup, but when you fall behind, you REALLY fall behind (it\'s still not\n> as bad as rec.arts.startrek used to be, but I digress).  Has anyone tried to\n> keep up with the deluge?  Inquiring minds want to know!  Also-- does anyone\n> keep track of where the more infamous posters to alt.atheism end up, once they\n> leave the newsgroup?  Just curious, I guess.\n> \n> cheers,\n> tom bruno\n\n\nI am one of those people who always willl have unlimited stores of unfounded\nrespect for people who have been on newsgroups/mailing lists longer than I\nhave, so you certainly have my sympathy Tom.  I have only been semi-regularly\nposting (it is TOUGHto keep up) since this February, but I have been reading\nand following the threads since last August: my school\'s newsreader was down\nfor months and our incompetent computing services never bothered to find a new\nfeed site, so it wasn\'t accepting outgoing postings.  I don\'t think anyone\nkeeps track of where other posters go: it\'s that old love \'em and leave \'em\nInternet for you again...\n\n\nbest regards,\n\n********************************************************************************\n* Adam John Cooper\t\t"Verily, often have I laughed at the weaklings *\n*\t\t\t\t   who thought themselves good simply because  *\n* acooper@macalstr.edu\t\t\t\tthey had no claws."\t       *\n********************************************************************************\n',
  u"From: schwartz@ils.nwu.edu (diane schwartz)\nSubject: SIGKids Research Showcase Call\nOrganization: institute for the learning sciences\nLines: 250\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: schwartz.ils.nwu.edu\n\n\t\tSIGKIDS CALL FOR PARTICIPATION\nSIGKids Research Showcase is where learning is hip.  Pushing the edge in\neducation, computer graphics, and new technologies, the SIGKids Research\nShowcase will provide SIGGRAPH's attendees with the latest in applying\ncomputer technology to form state of the art educational experiences.  So\nhop to it!  Submit any works which converge the disciplines of education\nand computer technology.\n\nPossible categories and domains include but are NOT LIMITED to:\n\n-Interactive/stand-alone applications\n-Self-Run demonstrations and tutorials\n-Museum Installations\n-Groupware/Collaborative systems\n-Hypermedia\n-Virtual Reality\n-Scientific Visualization\n-Interactive Art\n-Microworlds\n\nDeadlines:\n\nMay 21, 1993 submissions due  \n\n\nSubmit to:\n\nDiane Schwartz\nSIGGRAPH '93 SIGKids Committee\nc/o The Institute for the Learning Sciences\n1890 Maple Avenue, Suite 150\nEvanston, Illinois 60201\nFax:\t708.491.5258\nschwartz@ils.nwu.edu\n\nElectronic Submission Form:\nschwartz@ils.nwu.edu\n\nHow to Submit:\n1. Fill out the 'Permission to Use' form (see page 19 of the SIGGRAPH '93\nCall for Participation or send email to schwartz@ils.nwu.edu to have one\nfaxed to you.)\n\n2. Fill out the SIGKids '93 Research Showcase Submission Form (below).\n\n3. Send an abstract/description of the submission (approximately 100 words)\nin one of the following ways:\n\n    A. Send 3 hard copies to Diane Schwartz (via surface mail) at the above\n       address\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                    OR\n    B. Fax 1 copy to Diane Schwartz at (708)491-5258\n                           OR\n    C. Email 1 copy to Diane Schwartz at schwartz@ils.nwu.edu\n\n4. If it is necessary to explain the project, additional support material\nsuch as videotapes and slides that will assist the selection committee in\nreaching a decision are highly reccommended. \n\nFax and email submissions are acceptable.\n\nPLEASE SEND ALL OF YOUR SUBMISSION MATERIAL IN THE SAME FORM (either\nsurface mail, email, or fax. The only exception to this should be the\nadditional support material which should only be sent via surface mail). \n\nNOTE: Due to our very limited budget, if the submitter chooses to have a\ndedicated machine for their work, they will have to pay rental fees\nfor the hardware personally.\n\nNOTE: Contributors outside for the United States should be aware of customs\nand carrier delays and send submissions early.\n\n______________________________________cut\nhere__________________________________\n\n         ACM SIGGRAPH '93 SIGKIDS RESEARCH SHOWCASE ENTRY FORM\n\n\nA copy of this form must accompany each proposal you submit.  Send SIGKids\nResearch Showcase Entries to:\n\nDiane Schwartz\nSIGGRAPH '93 SIGKids Committee\nc/o The Institute for the Learning Sciences\n1890 Maple Avenue, Suite 150\nEvanston, Illinois 60201\nFax:\t708.491.5258\nschwartz@ils.nwu.edu\n\nPlease print legibly.\n\nContact Information: \nName________________________________________________\n\nCompany______________________________________________\n\nAddress______________________________________________\n\nCity_________________________________________________\n\nState_____________Postal code______________Country_________________ \n\nDaytime phone_____________________Evening phone____________________\n\nFax_____________________________Email______________________________\n\nAdditional Information:\n\nTitle or Theme of Piece__________________________________ \n\nParticipant(s') name(s)___________________________________\n\nCollaborator(s') name(s)__________________________________ \n\nHardware (platform and periferals):\n\n1. What is\nneeded:_____________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n2. Supplied by Participant:\n\n\t\t___ Yes  ___ No\n\n\t3. Dedicated machine?\n\n\t\t___ Yes  ___ No\n\nNOTE:  Due to our very limited budget the participant must pay the rental\nfees for any dedicated hardware.\n\n___Need assistance\n(specify)____________________________________________________ \n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n\nSoftware________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\nStatement - Please tell us the significance of the work.\n(less than 50 words)\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\nMedium:\n\n___Other (describe - i.e. virtual reality, virtual sculpture, interactive\nmultimedia installation,\netc.)__________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n\nSpecial Requirements:\n\nPhysical\ndescription____________________________________________________________ \n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\nPower___________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\nDimensions______________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\nOther__________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\n________________________________________________________________________________\n\nAuthorization\n\nPermission to use visual and audio:  In the event that materials used in my\nACM SIGGRAPH'93 SIGKids Research Showcase Entry contain the work of other\nindividuals or organizations (including any copyrighted musical\ncompositions or excerpts thereof), I understand that it is my\nresponsibility to secure any necessary permissions and/or liscenses.  \n\n\t___Yes ___No  My piece contains images, audio, or video components.\n               If yes:\n\t              ___Yes ___No  I have the necessary rights and/or permissions\nto\n                             use the images, audio, or video components in\nmy\n                             piece.\n\nConference presentation release:  By signing this form, I grant SIGGRAPH'93\npermission to consider my piece for the SIGKids Research Showcase.  I\nmaintain the copyright to my work and will receive full credit wherever\nthis work is used.\n\nConference promotional material:  I grant ACM SIGGRAPH the right to use my\nslides for conference and organization publicity, both now and in the\nfuture.  This includes usage on posters, brochures, catalogs, promotional\nitems, or media broadcast. In exchange, SIGGRAPH provides full\nauthor/artist credit information on all promotional material.\n\n___Yes ___No  I grant ACM SIGGRAPH permission to use slides of my work\n              for conference and organization publicity.\n\nSignature______________________________________Date_________\n\nACM SIGGRAPH makes every attempt to respect and protect intellectual \nproperty rights of people and organizations preparing material for \nSIGGRAPH conferences. This entry form explains the uses SIGGRAPH will \nmake of the material and requires you to acknowledge that you have \npermission to use this material.  This may involve seeking clearance from \nyour employer or from others who have loaned you material, such as \nvideotapes and slides.  This form helps prevent situations whereby \nSIGGRAPH'93 presentations include material without permission that \nmight lead to complaints or even legal action.\n\nThis form also asks you to grant SIGGRAPH the right to distribute your\nwork, while you maintain the copyright.  Slide sets and catalogs are\npublications for which you grant SIGGRAPH nonexclusive worldwide\ndistribution rights.  SIGGRAPH marks each item in these publications with a\nproper copyright notice, which informs viewers that these items may not be\ncopied, reproduced, broadcast, or used for commercial purposes without the\nexplicit permission of the indivicual copyright owners.  In addition, this\nform asks if  ACM SIGGRAPH may  use the your materials for conference and\norganizational promotional material in exchange for full author/artist\ncredit information.\n",
  u'From: bolson@carson.u.washington.edu (Edward Bolson)\nSubject: Re: Sphere from 4 points?\nOrganization: University of Washington, Seattle\nLines: 33\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu\n\nI plan to post a summary of responses to this as soon as I have working\ncode, which I will also include.  The intersection of 3 planes method\nlooks best, but my implementation based on a short article in \nGraphics Gems I doesn\'t work.  I may be misinterpreting, of course.\n\nI had avoided the simultaneous solution of the plane equations in favor\nof dot and cross products, but the former may actually be better.  In either\ncase a matrix determinant needs to be computed (implicitly in the solution\nof linear equations).\n\nTo get the planes, I was taking the midpoint of the line from, say,\nP1 to P2, and setting the normal as the "normalized" vector from P1 to P2.\nThese just plugged into the formula in Graphics Gems.  HOwever, the resulting\ncenter point is only occasionally equidistant from all 4 of my test points\n(for different tests).  My matrix/vector math is very rusty, but it looks like\nI need to verify the formula, or use the simultaneous equation solution, which\nwill require bringing in another routine I don\'t have (but should be easy to\nfind).\n\nAnother method is to first find the center of the circle defined by 2 sets\nof 3 points, and intersecting the normals from there.  This would also define\nthe circle center.  However, small numerical imprecisions would make the\nlines not intersect.  Supposedly 3 planes HAVE to intersect in a unique\npoint if they are not parallel.\n\nEd\n\nThanks to all who answered so far.\n-- \nEd Bolson\nUniversity of Washington  Cardiovascular Research               (206)543-4535\nbolson@u.washington.edu (preferred)\nbolson@max.bitnet                bolson@milton.u.washington.edu (if you must)\n',
  u"From: bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu (Bill Conner)\nSubject: Re: islamic authority over women\nNntp-Posting-Host: okcforum.osrhe.edu\nOrganization: Okcforum Unix Users Group\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL9]\nLines: 8\n\nKeith M. Ryan (kmr4@po.CWRU.edu) wrote:\n\n: \tNice cop out bill.\n\nI'm sure you're right, but I have no idea to what you refer. Would you\nmind explaining how I copped out?\n\nBill\n",
  u'From: nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu (David Nye)\nSubject: Re: After 2000 years, can we say that Christian Morality is\nOrganization: University of Wisconsin Eau Claire\nLines: 38\n\n[reply to frank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O\'Dwyer)]\n \n>>I\'m one of those people who does not know what the word objective means\n>>when put next to the word morality.  I assume its an idiom and cannot\n>>be defined by its separate terms.\n \n>>Give it a try.\n \n>Objective morality is morality built from objective values.\n \nFrom A Dictionary of Philosophy, by Anthony Flew:\n \n"Objectivism:  The belief that there are certain moral truths that would\nremain true whatever anyone or everyone thought or desired.  For\ninstance, \'No one should ever deliberately inflict pain on another\nsimply to take pleasure in his suffering\' might be thought of as a\nplausible example.  Even in a world of sadists who all rejected it, the\ncontention remains true, just as \'5 + 7 = 12\' remains correct even if\nthere is no one left to count.  The problem for the objectivist is to\ndetermine the status of moral truths and the method by which they can be\nestablished.  If we accept that such judgements are not reports of what\nis but only relate to what ought to be (see naturalistic fallacy) then\nthey cannot be proved by any facts about the nature of the world.  Nor\ncan they be analytic, since this would involve lack of action-guiding\ncontent;  \'One ought always to do the right thing\' is plainly true in\nvirtue of the vords involved but it is unhelpful as a practical guide to\naction (see analytic and synthetic).  At this point the objectivist may\ntalk of \'self-evident truths\', but can he deny the subjectivist\'s claim\nthat self-evidence is in the mind of the beholder?  If not, what is left\nof the claim that some moral judgements are true?  THe subjectivist may\nwell feel that all that remains is that there are some moral judgements\nwith which he would wish to associate himself.  To hold a moral opinion\nis, he suggests, not to know something to be true but to have\npreferences regarding human activity."\n \nDavid Nye (nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu).  Midelfort Clinic, Eau Claire WI\nThis is patently absurd; but whoever wishes to become a philosopher\nmust learn not to be frightened by absurdities. -- Bertrand Russell\n',
  u'From: cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb)\nSubject: Re: Societal basis for morality\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 66\n\nIn <1993Apr20.004119.6119@cnsvax.uwec.edu> nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu (David Nye) \nwrites:\n\n>[reply to cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb)]\n> \n>>If morals come from what is societally accepted, why follow that? What\n>>right do we have to expect others to follow our notion of societally\n>>mandated morality?  Pardon the extremism, but couldn\'t I murder your\n>>"brother" and say that I was exercising my rights as I saw them, was\n>>doing what felt good, didn\'t want anyone forcing their morality on me,\n>>or I don\'t follow your "morality" ?\n> \n>I believe that morality is subjective.  Each person is entitled to his\n>own moral attitudes.  Mine are not a priori more correct than someone\n>elses.  This does not mean however that I must judge another on the\n>basis of his rather than my moral standards.  While he is entitled to\n>believe what his own moral sense tells him, the rest of society is\n>entitled to pass laws spelling out punishments for behavior that is\n>offensive to the majority.\n\nWhy? How? Might makes right? How can they force their morality on me? Why \ncan\'t I do what I want? Who are they to decide? What if I disagree? \n> \n>Most criminals do not see their behavior as moral.  The may realize that\n>it is immoral and not care.  They are thus not following their own moral\n>system but being immoral.\n\nGood point, but it is being immoral in our opinion.  We don\'t let them choose,\nwe make the decision that their actions are wrong for them.\n\n  For someone to lay claim to an alternative\n>moral system, he must be sincere in his belief in it and it must be\n>internally consistent.  Some sociopaths lack an innate moral sense\n\nI admit to lean toward the idea of an innate moral sense, but have little basis\nfor it as of yet.  How far can such a concept be extended?\n\n and\n>thus may be incapable of behaving morally.  While someone like Hitler\n>may have believed that his actions were moral, we may judge him immoral\n>by our standards.\n\nDo you mean that we could say it would be wrong for us to do such a thing but \nnot him.  After all, he was behaving morally in his own eyes and doing what he\nchose.  On what basis do we condemn other societies besides, here\'s the buzz \nwords, on the idea that there are some actions wrong for all humans in all \nsocieties?\n\n  Holding that morality is subjective does not mean\n>that we must excuse the murderer.\n\nWhy not? Do we have to be objective suddenly?\n> \n>David Nye (nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu).  Midelfort Clinic, Eau Claire WI\n>This is patently absurd; but whoever wishes to become a philosopher\n>must learn not to be frightened by absurdities. -- Bertrand Russell\n\nMAC\n--\n****************************************************************\n                                                    Michael A. Cobb\n "...and I won\'t raise taxes on the middle     University of Illinois\n    class to pay for my programs."                 Champaign-Urbana\n          -Bill Clinton 3rd Debate             cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu\n                                              \nNobody can explain everything to anybody.  G.K.Chesterton\n',
  u'From: C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV (CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA EGALON)\nSubject: Re: japanese moon landing?\nOrganization: NASA Langley Research Center\nLines: 13\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV (CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA EGALON)\nNNTP-Posting-Host: tahiti.larc.nasa.gov\n\n> there is no such thing as a stable lunar orbit\n\nIs it right??? That is new stuff for me. So it means that  you just can \nnot put a sattellite around around the Moon for too long because its \norbit will be unstable??? If so, what is the reason??? Is that because \nthe combined gravitacional atraction of the Sun,Moon and Earth \nthat does not provide a stable  orbit around the Moon???\n\n C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV\n\nC.O.Egalon@larc.nasa.gov\n\nClaudio Oliveira Egalon\n',
  u'From: palmer@cco.caltech.edu (David M. Palmer)\nSubject: Re: Boom! Whoosh......\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 39\nNNTP-Posting-Host: alumni.caltech.edu\n\nmatthew@phantom.gatech.edu (Matthew DeLuca) writes:\n\n>In article <1993Apr21.024423.29182@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu> wdwells@nyx.cs.du.edu (David "Fuzzy" Wells) writes:\n\n>>I hear <insert favorite rumor here> that it will supposedly coincide\n>>with the Atlanta Olympics. \n\n>Even worse, the city of Atlanta has a proposal before it to rent space on this\n>orbiting billboard.  Considering the caliber of people running this city, \n>there\'s no telling what we\'re going to have leering down at us from orbit.\n\nI would just like to point out that it is much easier to place an\nobject at orbital altitude than it is to place it with orbital\nvelocity.  For a target 300 km above the surface of Earth,\nyou need a delta-v of 2.5 km/s.  Assuming that rockets with specific\nimpulses of 300 seconds are easy to produce, a rocket with a dry\nweight of 50 kg would require only about 65 kg of fuel+oxidizer.\nA small dispersal charge embedded in about 20 kg of sand or\nbirdshot (depending on the nature of the structure) would be\nthe payload.  I am sure the whole project is well within\nthe capability of the amateur rocketry community.\n\nIt sounds like a good Science Fair project--\'Reduction\nof Light Pollution Through Applied Ballistics\'.\nOr, it could be part of the Challenge Prize being discussed\nhere: $1 billion for the first person to spend 1 year\non the moon, $1 million for the first erradication of\nan orbital eyesore/CCD burner.  I wouldpledge $1000\nfor the first person to bring it down, and I am sure\nthere are at least 999 other astronomers, nature lovers,\nor just plain people of good taste who would do likewise.\n\nOf course, a  Gerald Bull solution might be simpler.\n(Either the solution Gerald Bull would apply--the use\nof a large caliber gun; or the solution which was applied\nto Gerald Bull--the use of a small caliber gun.)\n-- \n\t\tDavid M. Palmer\t\tpalmer@alumni.caltech.edu\n\t\t\t\t\tpalmer@tgrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\n',
  u'From: Andrey V. Shorin <tolsty@nsk.uucp.free.msk.su>\nSubject: Analysis on text readins utils (OCR) wanted (IBM PC)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: NSK RAN\nReply-To: tolsty@nsk.uucp.free.msk.su\nLines: 31\n\n\tFrom tolsty Thu Apr 23 21:32:35 1992\n\tTo: newsserv@newcom.kiae.su\n\tNewsgroups: comp.periphs,comp.graphics.digest,comp.graphics,comp.binaries.ibm.pc.wanted,alt.graphics.pixutils,bit.listserv.omrscan\n\tMessage-Id: <KAJ3nzfm0W@nsk.uucp.free.msk.su>\n\tOrganization: NSK RAN\n\tFrom: Andrey V. Shorin <tolsty@nsk.uucp.free.msk.su>\n\tDate: Thu, 23 Apr 1992 21:32:35 +0200\n\tSubject: Analysis on text reading utils needed (IBM PC)\n\tDistribution: msk\n\t\n\tHi!\n\tDoes anybody know any reliable utils to read english texts with scanner?\n\tI want some analysis on quality of recognition, because I want to read\n\ttexts which I get by fax ( you know -- quality on faxes is rather bad ).\n\tThe scanner I have is B&W and 300dpi. But if there exist any good software\n\tthat needs other specifications, that will be OK.\n\t\n\tPlease, send messages to my E-mail or on conference server, I\'ll summarize\n\tthem and consider your recomendations.\n\t\n\tTHANK YOU!!!\n\t--\n\t   Andrey V. Shorin\n\t \n\t   Scientific Council on Complex Problem "Cybernetics",\n\t   Russian Academy of Sciences\n\t \n\t   E-mail:       tolsty@nsk.uucp.free.msk.su\n\t   Tel/fax:      (095) 129-0797\n\t\n\n',
  u"From: zellner@stsci.edu\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission\nLines: 19\nOrganization: Space Telescope Science Institute\nDistribution: world,na\n\nIn article <1rd1g0$ckb@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes: \n > \n > \n > SOmebody mentioned  a re-boost of HST during this mission,  meaning\n > that Weight is a very tight  margin on this  mission.\n >  \n\nI haven't heard any hint of a re-boost, or that any is needed.\n\n > \n > why not  grapple,  do all said fixes,   bolt a small  liquid  fueled\n > thruster module  to  HST,   then let it make the re-boost.  it has to be\n > cheaper on mass then usingthe shuttle as a tug.   \n\nNasty, dirty combustion products!  People have gone to monumental efforts to\nkeep HST clean.  We certainly aren't going to bolt any thrusters to it.\n\nBen\n\n",
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Disillusioned Protestant Finds Christ\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 23\n\nIn article <C5KxDD.K4J@boi.hp.com>, jburrill@boi.hp.com (Jim Burrill)\nwrote:\n> If Jesus never taught the concept of the Trinity, how do you deal with the \n> following:   \n> \n>    Mat 28 18 Then Jesus came to them and said, "All authority in heaven\n>    and on earth has been given to me.\n> \n>    Mat 28 19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing\n>    them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,\n> \n>    Mat 28 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.\n>    And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age." \n\nJim, please, that\'s a lame explanation of the trinity that Jesus provides\nabove. Baptizing people in the name of three things != trinity. If\nthis is the case, then I\'m wrong, I assumed that trinity implies that\nGod is three entities, and yet the same.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u"From: esuoc@csv.warwick.ac.uk (Ajay Soni)\nSubject: Re: Please Recommend 3D Graphics Library For M\nOrganization: Computing Services, University of Warwick, UK\nLines: 44\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: esuoc@csv.warwick.ac.uk\nNNTP-Posting-Host: thyme.csv.warwick.ac.uk\n\n\n\n\nIn article 2G1@bcstec.ca.boeing.com, rgc3679@bcstec.ca.boeing.com (Robert G. Carpenter) writes:\n>Hi Netters,\n>\n>I'm building a CAD package and need a 3D graphics library that can handle\n>some rudimentry tasks, such as hidden line removal, shading, animation, etc.\n>\n>Can you please offer some recommendations?\n>\n>I'll also need contact info (name, address, email...) if you can find it.\n>\n>Thanks\n>\n>(Please Post Your Responses, in case others have same need)\n>\n>Bob Carpenter\n>\n\nI've been given the sites of some excellent 3D objects on all sorts of file formats ...\nHere's where they are:\n\n\nHost plaza.aarnet.edu.au\n\n    Location: /graphics/graphics/mirrors\n      DIRECTORY drwxr-xr-x        512  Apr  4 14:32  avalon.chinalake.navy.mil\n\nHost compute1.cc.ncsu.edu\n\n    Location: /mirrors/wustl/graphics/graphics/mirrors\n      DIRECTORY drwxr-xr-x        512  Mar 14 09:15  avalon.chinalake.navy.mil\n\nHost wuarchive.wustl.edu\n\n    Location: /graphics/graphics/mirrors\n      DIRECTORY drwxr-xr-x        512  Jan  3 06:29  avalon.chinalake.navy.mil\n\n\nSee ya!\n\t\t\t\t\tAjay 8*)\n\n\n",
  u"From: sherry@a.cs.okstate.edu (SHERRY ROBERT MICH)\nSubject: Re: .SCF files, help needed\nOrganization: Oklahoma State University\nLines: 27\n\nFrom article <1993Apr21.013846.1374@cx5.com>, by tlc@cx5.com:\n> \n> \n> I've got an old demo disk that I need to view. It was made using RIX Softworks.  \n> The files on the two diskette set end with: .scf\n> \n> The demo was VGA resolution (256 colors), but I don't know the spatial  \n> resolution.\n> \n\nAccording to my ColoRIX manual .SCF files are 640x480x256\n\n> First problem: When I try to run the demo, the screen has two black bars that  \n> cut across (horizontally) the screen, in the top third and bottom third of the  \n> screen. The bars are about 1-inch wide. Other than this, the demo (the  \n> animation part) seems to be running fine.\n> \n> Second problem: I can't find any graphics program that will open and display  \n> these files. I have a couple of image conversion programs, none mention .scf  \n> files.\n> \n\nYou may try VPIC, I think it handles the 256 color RIX files OK..\n\n\nRob Sherry\nsherry@a.cs.okstate.edu\n",
  u'From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)\nSubject: Galileo Update - 04/22/93\nOrganization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nLines: 84\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\nKeywords: Galileo, JPL\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \n\nForwarded from Neal Ausman, Galileo Mission Director\n\n                                 GALILEO\n                     MISSION DIRECTOR STATUS REPORT\n                               POST-LAUNCH\n                           April 16 - 22, 1993\n\n\nSPACECRAFT\n\n1.  On April 19, cruise science Memory Readouts (MROs) were performed for the\nExtreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EUV), Dust Detector (DDS), and Magnetometer\n(MAG) instruments.  Preliminary analysis indicates the data was received\nproperly.\n\n2.  On April 19, a Command Detector Unit Signal-to-Noise Ratio (CDUSNR) test\nand a Radio Frequency Subsystem Automatic Gain Control (RFSAGC) test were\nperformed using the LGA-1 (Low Gain Antenna #1) over DSS-63 (Madrid 70 meter\nantenna) and DSS-61 (Madrid 34 meter antenna), respectively.  Data analysis\nis in process.  These tests are periodically performed to provide detailed\ninformation relative to the telecom command hardware integrity.\n\n3.  On April 19, a NO-OP command was sent to reset the command loss timer to\n264 hours, its planned value during this mission phase.\n\n4.  On April 21, the first of two suppressed carrier/DSN (Deep Space Network)\nadvanced receiver characterization tests was performed over DSS-14 (Goldstone\n70 meter antenna).  The spacecraft modulation index was varied from 43 degrees\nto 90 degrees for a range of ground receiver bandwidth settings.\n\n5.  The AC bus imbalance measurement has not exhibited significant change\n(greater than 25 DN) throughout this period but the DC bus imbalance\nmeasurement has.  The AC measurement reads 20 DN (4.5 volts).  The DC\nmeasurement has ranged from 43 DN (4.6 volts) to 138 DN (16.2 volts) and\ncurrently reads 138 DN (16.2 volts).  These measurements are consistent with\nthe model developed by the AC/DC special anomaly team.\n\n6.  The Spacecraft status as of April 22, 1993, is as follows:\n\n       a)  System Power Margin -  68 watts\n       b)  Spin Configuration - Dual-Spin\n       c)  Spin Rate/Sensor - 3.15rpm/Star Scanner\n       d)  Spacecraft Attitude is approximately 21 degrees\n           off-sun (lagging) and 5 degrees off-earth (leading)\n       e)  Downlink telemetry rate/antenna- 40bps(coded)/LGA-1\n       f)  General Thermal Control - all temperatures within\n           acceptable range\n       g)  RPM Tank Pressures - all within acceptable range\n       h)  Orbiter Science- Instruments powered on are the PWS,\n           EUV, UVS, EPD, MAG, HIC, and DDS\n       i)  Probe/RRH - powered off, temperatures within\n           acceptable range\n       j)  CMD Loss Timer Setting - 264 hours\n           Time To Initiation - 184 hours\n\n\nTRAJECTORY\n\n     As of noon Thursday, April 22, 1993, the Galileo Spacecraft trajectory\nstatus was as follows:\n\n\tDistance from Earth         169,747,800 km (1.14 AU)\n\tDistance from Sun           286,967,900 km (1.92 AU)\n\tHeliocentric Speed          91,200 km per hour\n\tDistance from Jupiter       532,735,900 km\n\tRound Trip Light Time       18 minutes, 58 seconds\n\n\nSPECIAL TOPIC\n\n1.  As of April 22, 1993, a total of 70185 real-time commands have been\ntransmitted to Galileo since Launch.  Of these, 65077  were initiated in the\nsequence design process and 5108 initiated in the real-time command process.\nIn the past week, one real time command was transmitted: one was initiated in\nthe sequence design process and none initiated in the real time command\nprocess. The only command activity was a command to reset the command loss\ntimer.\n     ___    _____     ___\n    /_ /|  /____/ \\  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov\n    | | | |  __ \\ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |\n ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | The aweto from New Zealand\n/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | is part caterpillar and\n|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | part vegetable.\n\n',
  u'From: kwp@wag.caltech.edu (Kevin W. Plaxco)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters. Where are they?\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA\nLines: 35\nNNTP-Posting-Host: sgi1.wag.caltech.edu\n\nIn article <27APR199320210230@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov> abdkw@stdvax.gsfc.nasa.gov (David Ward) writes:\n\n>Given that fact, and the spacecraft attitude knowledge\n>of approx. 2 arcmin, we might be able to figure out how well BATSE can\n>determine the location (rotational) of a Gamma Ray burster from knowledge\n>of the all-sky map\'s accuracy.  PR material for the other three instruments\n>give accuracies on the order of "fractions of a degree", if that\'s \n>any help.\n\nBut I believe that there is a fundamental difference here.  The other x\nthree instruments are focusing instruments, that, more or less, form\nan image, so positional errors are limited by craft attitude and the \nresolving power of the optics.  BATSE is an altogether different\nbeast, effectively just 8 coincidence counters, one on each corner of \nthe craft.  Positional information is triangulated from the \ndifferential signal arrival times at each of the detectors.\nPositional error would be predominantly determined by timing errors\nand errors in craft attitude. Since none of the 8 BASTE detectors have\nany independant angular resolution whatsoever, they can not be used to\ndetermine parallax.  Indeed, parallax would just add a very small \ncomponent to the positional error.  \n\nDemonstrating that these puppies are beyond the oort cloud would \nrequire resolution on the order of arcseconds, since the oort \ncloud is postulated to extend to about 0.5 parsec (all together \nnow: "Parallax ARc SECond", a parsec is the distance of an object \nthat demonstrates one arc second of parallax with a 2 AU base line).\nIf the 3 degree accuracy reported above is true, we\'re going to \nhave to add a BASTE to the pluto fast flyby to get enough baseline.\n\nThe beauty of BASTE is that it both gives positional information and\nwatches the entire sky simultaneously, a realy handy combination\nwhen you have no idea where the next burst is coming from.\n\n-Kevin\n',
  u"From: agiacalo@nmsu.edu (Toni Giacalo)\nSubject: need algorithm for reading and displaying bitmap files\nOrganization: New Mexico State University\nLines: 7\nNNTP-Posting-Host: gauss.nmsu.edu\nKeywords: GIF PCX BMP\n\nI'm making a customized paint program in DOS and need an algorithm\nfor reading bitmap files like GIF, PCX, or BMP.  Does anyone have\nsuch an algorithm?  I've tried copying one out of a book for reading\n.PCX format but it doesn't work.  I will take an algorithm for any\nformat that can be created from Windows Paint.  \nThanks!\nToni\n",
  u'From: pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering)\nSubject: Re: Gamma Ray Bursters. WHere are they.\nOrganization: Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana\nLines: 16\n\nprb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n\n\n>4)  we know it\'s not real close,  like  slightly extra solar,  because\n>we have no parallax measurements on the bursts.\n\nCorrect, we have no parallax measurements on the bursts.\n\nTherefore, we can\'t tell whether they\'re slightly extra solar\nor not!\n\n(which means that parallax can\'t tell us whether or not it\'s real close.)\n\n--\nPhil Fraering         |"Seems like every day we find out all sorts of stuff.\npgf@srl02.cacs.usl.edu|Like how the ancient Mayans had televison." Repo Man\n',
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Who\'s next?  Mormons and Jews?\nDistribution: usa\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 17\n\nIn article <1993Apr21.211312.7767@ra.royalroads.ca>,\nmlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee) wrote:\n> In article <9601@blue.cis.pitt.edu>, rjl+@pitt.edu (Richard J. Loether) writes:\n> |> Yes, of course, as in Matthew 10:34-35 "Do not suppose that I have come to \n> |> bring peace to the earth; it is not peace I have come to bring but a sword..."\n\n \n> Remember the armor of God?  The sword that Christians wield is the\n> Word of God, the Bible.\n\nSorry Malcolm, but I rather believe Jesus than you.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u'From: bobsarv@microsoft.com (Bob Sarver)\nSubject: Re: Question for those with popular morality\nOrganization: Microsoft Corp.\nDistribution: usa\nLines: 96\n\n\n>/(hudson)\n>/And from a materialistic point of view, it could be said that the nervous\n>/system is just matter.  What is wrong with producing chemical reactions in\n>/matter?  \n>\n>Because this matter is different.  It is alive, and self-aware.  And it\n>feels pain.  \n\n/(hudson)\n/If all morality were relative- big hairy deal.\n\nAs I said, you appear to be the only person saying that all morality\nis relative.  Most people I know do hold some absolutes in their\nmoral system.\n\nI >>personally<< believe that the dignity of the individual and the right\nof free will are absolutes.  I recognize that there are some moral\nsystems around which don\'t accept this; I reject them as dangerous\nand anti-social (nazism, some forms of communism, fundamentalist\nxtianity--no, that\'s not a slam).  But for the most part, almost\nevery moral system agrees on these two points.\n\n\n\n\n(me)\n>and the sky, and everything in it; everything that was created came out\n>of God.  Everything, including this matter, is part of God.  Therefore, is \n>it wrong to put parts of God in a test tube and make It go through \n>reactions?  Isn\'t that a form of blasphemy?\n\n\n/(hudson)\n/Generally, Christians believe in a Creator-Creation distinction.  Other\n/religions believe in one big whole.   I don\'t accept yor premises.\n\nToo bad.  I know I\'m right, so I get to enforce my view upon you whether\nyou like my premise or not.  And since you can\'t prove otherwise, there\nisn\'t even an intellectual basis for your resistance to accepting my\nviewpoint.\n\n\n\n\n\n>/(hudson)\n>/How long will it be before the "as long as it doesn\'t hurt someone else" \n>/becomes more and more relative until the only rule that is left is \n>/"I will do what I want to do, no matter who it hurts."\n>\n>There\'s a big jump between those two positions, and you know it very \n>well.  Don\'t play stupid.  I realize that you\'re trying to dispute\n>what you call "popular morality" by using what you think is logic,\n>but you\'re stretching this a bit too thin.\n\n/(hudson)\n/I don\'t think so.  once morality becomes relative, it degenerates.  I am\n/saying that reasoning that it is generally evil to hurt other people is bad.\n/(though I don\'t think it is sufficient.)  \n\n\nWell, then answer me this:   you seem to be opposed to moral relativism\n(as you call it) because it has the capacity to degenerate.  Obviously,\nthen, you would advocate a nonrelative (absolute) moral system.\n\nWhose absolutist moral system do we choose?  \n\nHow do we come to this decision?\n\nWhat about people who disagree with the chosen moral system?\n\n\n\n\n\n/(hudson)\n/But if morality is considered to\n/be relative, and this rule isn\'t based on anything, but is just an arbitrary\n/rule, people might abandon it.\n\nFine.  I can agree with most of what you typed here.  However, just because\nmorality gets based on something nonrelative does NOT mean that we have to\npick your xtianity as its base.\n\nWe can start a morality based on dignity of humans, freedom of choice,\ntolerance, etc. and NEVER EVER rely on xtianity for anything.  Just because\nsomeone has a consistent moral system based on true principles does not\nmean that they have to involve xtianity in it.  Xtianity certainly does not\nhave a monopoly on principles of behavior; indeed, fewer religions are\nguiltier of violating their own principles\n\n\n\n\n\n',
  u"From: psyrobtw@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Robert Weiss)\nSubject: 24 Apr 93   God's Promise in Proverbs 15:4\nOrganization: University at Buffalo\nLines: 7\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41\nNntp-Posting-Host: ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu\n\n\n\tThe tongue that brings healing is a\n\ttree of life,\n\tbut a deceitful tongue crushes the\n\tspirit.\n\n\tProverbs 15:4 (NIV)\n",
  u'From: decay@cbnewsj.cb.att.com (dean.kaflowitz)\nSubject: Re: some thoughts.\nOrganization: AT&T\nDistribution: na\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <1993Apr26.000410.18114@daffy.cs.wisc.edu>, mccullou@snake2.cs.wisc.edu (Mark McCullough) writes:\n> In article <C62B52.LKz@blaze.cs.jhu.edu> arromdee@jyusenkyou.cs.jhu.edu (Ken Arromdee) writes:\n> >I can think of a lot more agonizing ways to get killed.  Fatal cancer, for\n> >instance.\n> >\n> >Anyone else have some more?  Maybe we can make a list.\n> How about dying of a blood clot in a _very_ bad place.\n\nKidney stones with complete blockage.\n\n',
  u"From: phew@gu.uwa.edu.au (Patrick Hew)\nSubject: Re: Color pict of spinning Earth\nOrganization: The University of Western Australia\nLines: 22\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mackerel.gu.uwa.edu.au\n\nESTOP07@CONRAD.APPSTATE.EDU (*ACS) writes:\n\n>Sorry if this is the wrong place to post this\n\n>\tI was crusing the net earlier this year and came upon something called \n>Color pict of spinning earth.  I am assuming it is a animation sequence of the \n>earth's rotation (or revolution I always get those mixed up).  At the time I \n>found it my sysem would not even support color graphics so I didn't bother to \n>get the pict.  Now I have a fairly nice system and cant find the pict again!\n>If anyone can help please post here or E-mail me \n>Thanks in advance\n>Eric (Estop07@conrad.appstate.edu)\n\nLikewise for me please. First time I've hear of it, but I've beem looking\nfor something like this for the past few months.\n\nPatrick Hew\n2nd Year Science/ Engineering\nUniversity of Western Australia\nphew@tartarus.uwa.edu.au\nphew@mackerel.gu.uwa.edu.au\n\n",
  u'From: spbach@lerc.nasa.gov (James Felder)\nSubject: Re: some thoughts.\nOrganization: NASA Lewis Resaerch Center\nLines: 100\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: spbach@lerc.nasa.gov\nNNTP-Posting-Host: hopper3.lerc.nasa.gov\n\nIn article 734849678@saturn.wwc.edu, bissda@saturn.wwc.edu (DAN LAWRENCE BISSELL) writes:\n->\tFirst I want to start right out and say that I\'m a Christian.  It \n->makes sense to be one.  Have any of you read Tony Campollo\'s book- liar, \n->lunatic, or the real thing?  (I might be a little off on the title, but he \n->writes the book.  Anyway he was part of an effort to destroy Christianity, \n->in the process he became a Christian himself.\n\nSounds like you are saying he was a part of some conspiracy.  Just what organization did he \nbelong to? Does it have a name?\n\n->\tThe book says that Jesus was either a liar, or he was crazy ( a \n->modern day Koresh) or he was actually who he said he was.\n\nLogic alert - artificial trifercation.  The are many other possible explainations.  Could have been\nthat he never existed.  There have been some good points made in this group that is not \nimpossible  that JC is an amalgam of a number of different myths, Mithra comes to mind.\n\n->\tSome reasons why he wouldn\'t be a liar are as follows.  Who would \n->die for a lie?  Wouldn\'t people be able to tell if he was a liar?  People \n->gathered around him and kept doing it, many gathered from hearing or seeing \n->someone who was or had been healed.  Call me a fool, but I believe he did \n->heal people.  \n\n\nLogic alert -  argument from incredulity.  Just because it is hard for you to believe this doesn\'t\nmean that it isn\'t true.  Liars can be very pursuasive, just look at Koresh that you yourself site.\nHe has followers that don\'t think he is a fake and they have shown that they are willing to die.\nBy not giving up after getting shot himself, Koresh has shown that he too is will to die for what \nhe believes.  As far as healing goes.  If I rememer right the healing that was attributed is not\nconsistent between the different gospels.  In one of them the healing that is done is not any more \nthat faith healers can pull off today.  Seems to me that the early gospels weren\'t that compeling,\nso the stories got bigger to appeal better.\n\n->\tNiether was he a lunatic.  Would more than an entire nation be drawn \n->to someone who was crazy.  Very doubtful, in fact rediculous.  For example \n->anyone who is drawn to David Koresh is obviously a fool, logical people see \n->this right away.\n->\tTherefore since he wasn\'t a liar or a lunatic, he must have been the \n->real thing.  \n\n\nOr might not have existed, or any number of things.  That is the logical pitfall that those who\nuse flawed logic like this fall into.  There are bifurcations (or tri, quad, etc) that are valid, because\nin the proceeding steps, the person shows conclusively that the alternatives are all that are \npossible.  Once everyone agrees that the given set is indeed all there are, then arguments among\nthe alternatives can be presentent, and one mostly likely to be true can be deduced by excluding\nall other possible alternatives.\n\nHowever, if it can be shown that the set is not all inclusive, then any conclusions bases on the \nincomplete set are invalid, even if the true choice is one of the original choices.  I have given at \nleast one valid alternative, so the conclusion that JC is the real McCoy just because he isn\'t one of\nthe other two alternative is no longer valid.\n\n->\tSome other things to note.  He fulfilled loads of prophecies in \n->the psalms, Isaiah and elsewhere in 24 hrs alone.  This in his betrayal \n->and Crucifixion.  I don\'t have my Bible with me at this moment, next time I \n->write I will use it.\n\nJC was a rabbi.  He knew what those prophecies were.  It wouldn\'t be any great shakes to make\nsure one does a list of actions that would fullfill prophecy.  What would be compeling is if there\nwere a set of clear and explicit prophecies AND JC had absolutely NO knowledge of then,  yet \nfullfilled them anyway.\n\n->\tI don\'t think most people understand what a Christian is.  It \n->is certainly not what I see a lot in churches.  Rather I think it \n->should be a way of life, and a total sacrafice of everything for God\'s \n->sake.  He loved us enough to die and save us so we should do the \n->same.  Hey we can\'t do it, God himself inspires us to turn our lives \n->over to him.  That\'s tuff and most people don\'t want to do it, to be a \n->real Christian would be something for the strong to persevere at.  But \n->just like weight lifting or guitar playing, drums, whatever it takes \n->time.  We don\'t rush it in one day, Christianity is your whole life.  \n->It is not going to church once a week, or helping poor people once in \n->a while.  We box everything into time units.  Such as work at this \n->time, sports, Tv, social life.  God is above these boxes and should be \n->carried with us into all these boxes that we have created for \n->ourselves.  \n\nHere I agree with you.  Anyone who buys into this load of mythology should take what it says \nseriously, and what it says is that it must be a total way of life.  I have very little respect for \nXians that don\'t.  If the myth is true, then it is true in its entirity.  The picking and choosing\nthat I see a lot of leaves a bad taste in my mouth.\n\nJim\t  \n\n\n\n\n---\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nJames L. Felder\t\t\t|\nSverdrup Technology,Inc.\t|     phone: 216-891-4019\nNASA Lewis Research Center     \t|    \nCleveland, Ohio  44135         \t|     email: jfelder@lerc.nasa.gov \n"Some people drink from the fountain of knowledge, other people gargle"\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n\n',
  u'From: edm@twisto.compaq.com (Ed McCreary)\nSubject: Re: Victims of various \'Good Fight\'s\nIn-Reply-To: 9051467f@levels.unisa.edu.au\'s message of 12 Apr 93 21: 36:33 +0930\nOrganization: Compaq Computer Corp\n\t<9454@tekig7.PEN.TEK.COM> <1993Apr12.213633.20143@levels.unisa.edu.au>\nLines: 12\n\n>>>>> On 12 Apr 93 21:36:33 +0930, 9051467f@levels.unisa.edu.au (The Desert Brat) said:\n\nTDB> 12. Disease introduced to Brazilian * oher S.Am. tribes: x million\n\nTo be fair, this was going to happen eventually.  Given time, the Americans\nwould have reached Europe on their own and the same thing would have \nhappened.  It was just a matter of who got together first.\n\n--\nEd McCreary                                               ,__o\nedm@twisto.compaq.com                                   _-\\_<, \n"If it were not for laughter, there would be no Tao."  (*)/\'(*)\n',
  u'From: yamauchi@ces.cwru.edu (Brian Yamauchi)\nSubject: DC-X: Choice of a New Generation (was Re: SSRT Roll-Out Speech)\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 27\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: yuggoth.ces.cwru.edu\nIn-reply-to: jkatz@access.digex.com\'s message of 21 Apr 1993 22:09:32 -0400\n\nIn article <1r4uos$jid@access.digex.net> jkatz@access.digex.com (Jordan Katz) writes:\n\n>\t\t   Speech Delivered by Col. Simon P. Worden,\n>\t\t\tThe Deputy for Technology, SDIO\n>\n>\tMost of you, as am I, are "children of the 1960\'s."  We grew\n>up in an age of miracles -- Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles,\n>nuclear energy, computers, flights to the moon.  But these were\n>miracles of our parent\'s doing. \n\n>                          Speech by Pete Worden\n>          Delivered Before the U.S. Space Foundation Conference\n\n>     I\'m embarrassed when my generation is compared with the last\n>generation -- the giants of the last great space era, the 1950\'s\n>and 1960\'s.  They went to the moon - we built a telescope that\n>can\'t see straight.  They soft-landed on Mars - the least we\n>could do is soft-land on Earth!\n\nJust out of curiousity, how old is Worden?\n--\n_______________________________________________________________________________\n\nBrian Yamauchi\t\t\tCase Western Reserve University\nyamauchi@alpha.ces.cwru.edu\tDepartment of Computer Engineering and Science\n_______________________________________________________________________________\n\n',
  u"From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: Who's next?  Mormons and Jews?\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <2855@tredysvr.Tredydev.Unisys.COM>,\ntom@tredysvr.Tredydev.Unisys.COM (Tom Albrecht) wrote:\n> In article <1993Apr20.220340.2585@ra.royalroads.ca> mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee) writes:\n> >armed to the teeth.  A Christian should not have to rely on physical weapons\n> >to defend himself.  A Christian should rely on his faith and intelligence.\n \n> Faith and intelligence tell me that when a druggie breaks into my house at\n> night with a knife to kill me for the $2 in my wallet, a .357 is considerably\n> more persuasive than having devotions with him.\n\n...in other words faith in a .357 is far stronger than faith in a \nGod providing a miracle for his followers. Interesting. Now, if \nDavid Korresh was God, why couldn't he use lightning instead of \nsemi-automatic rifles? It seems even he didn't trust in himself.\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n",
  u"Subject: ROCKET LAUNCH OBSERVED!\nFrom: leo.wikholm@compart.fi (Leo Wikholm)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: ComPart BBS, Helsinki-Finland, +358 0 506 3329 (20 lines V.32bis)\nLines: 44\n\n\n\n    A bright light phenomenon was observed in the Eastern Finland\n    on April 21. At 00.25 UT two people saw a bright, luminous\n    pillar-shaped phenomenon in the low eastern horizont near\n    Mikkeli. The head of the pillar was circular. The lower part\n    was a little winding. It was like a monster they told. They\n    were little frightened. Soon the yellowish pillar became\n    enlarged. A bright spot like the Sun was appeared in the middle\n    of the phenomenon. At last the light landed behind the nearby\n    forest. Now there was only luminous trails in the sky which were\n    visible till morning sunrise.\n\n    The same phenomenon was observed also by Jaakko Kokkonen in\n    Lappeenranta. At 00.26 UT he saw a luminous yellowish trail in\n    the low northeastern horizont. The altitude of the trail was\n    only about 3-4 degrees. Soon the trail began to grow taller.\n    A loop was appeared in the head of the trail. It was like a\n    spoon. This lasted only 10 seconds. Now the altitude was about\n    five degress above horizont. He noted a bright spot at the\n    upper stage of loop. The spot was at magnitude -2. The loop\n    became enlarged and the spot was now visible in the middle of\n    the loop. A cartwheel-shaped trail was appeared round the bright\n    spot. After a minute the spot disappeared and only fuzzy trails\n    were only visible in the low horizont. Luminous trails were still\n    visible at 01.45 UT in the morning sky.\n\n    The phenomenon was caused by a Russian rocket. I don't know if\n    there were satellite launches in Plesetsk Cosmodrome near\n    Arkhangelsk, but this may be a rocket experiment too. Since 1969\n    we have observed over 80 rocket phenomena in Finland. Most of\n    these are rocket experiments (military missile tests?), barium\n    experiments and other chemical releases. During these years we\n    have observed 17 satellite launches.\n\n    Leo Wikholm\n\n =====================================================================\n Ursa Astronomical Association        I phone : +358-0-174048\n Satellite and Rocket Phenomena Sect. I fax   : +358-0-657728\n Laivanvarustajankatu 9 C 54          I bbs   : +358-0-174341\n FIN-00140 Helsinki                   I inter : leo.wikholm@compart.fi\n Finland                              I\n =====================================================================\n",
  u'From: mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539)\nSubject: Re: nuclear waste\nOrganization: Texas Instruments Inc\nLines: 32\n\nIn <1pp6reINNonl@phantom.gatech.edu> matthew@phantom.gatech.edu (Matthew DeLuca) writes:\n\n>In article <841@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp> will@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp (William Reiken) writes:\n\n>>\tWell this pretty much says it.  I have gotten alot of replys to this\n>>and it looks like oil is only on Earth.  So if those greedy little oil companys\n>>who obviously don\'t give **** about it uses up all the oil then that leaves us\n>>high a dry.\n\n>Greedy little oil companies?  Don\'t blame them; oil companies just supply the \n>demand created by you, me, and just about everyone else on the planet.  If we\n>run out, its all our faults.\n\nHe also ignores a few other things.  While organics would become\nsignificantly more expensive were all the oil to disappear (and thus\nsome things would no longer be economically feasible), oil is hardly\nan irreplaceable resource any more than most other consumables.  As\nsupply decreases, prices rise and alternatives become more\ncompetetive.  He also needs to consider that there has been an\nestimated 30 years of reserves pretty much as long as anyone has cared\nabout petroleum; whatever the current usage rate is, we always seem to\nhave about a 30 year reserve that we know about.\n\n[I\'m not sure that last figure is still true -- we tend not to look as\nhard when prices are comparatively cheap -- but it was certainly true\nduring hte \'oil crisis\' days of the 70\'s.]\n\n-- \n"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don\'t have the balls to live\n in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don\'t speak for others and they don\'t speak for me.\n',
  u'From: kempmp@phoenix.oulu.fi (Petri Pihko)\nSubject: Re: Christian Morality is\nOrganization: University of Oulu, Finland\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 79\n\nDan Schaertel,,, (dps@nasa.kodak.com) wrote:\n\nSince this is alt.atheism, I hope you don\'t mind if we strongly disagree...\n\n: The fact is God could cause you to believe anything He wants you to. \n: But think about it for a minute.  Would you rather have someone love\n: you because you made them love you, or because they wanted to\n: love you.     The responsibility is on you to love God and take a step toward\n: Him.  He promises to be there for you, but you have to look for yourself.\n\nIndeed, "knock and it shall be opened to you". Dan, why didn\'t this work?\nI firmly believed in god for 15 years, but I eventually realised I was\nonly deluding myself, fearful to face the truth. Ultimately, the only reason\nwhat kept me believing was the fear of hell. The mental states I \nhad sillily attributed to divine forces or devil\'s attempts to \ndestroy my faith were nothing more than my imagination, and it is easy\nto achieve the same mental states at will. \n\nMy faith was just learned fear in a disguise.\n\n: Those who doubt this or dispute it have not givin it a sincere effort.\n\nGod is demanding too much. Dan, what was it I believed in for 15 years?\nIf sincere effort is equivalent to active suspension of disbelief -\nwhat it was in my case - I\'d rather quit. If god does not help me to\nkeep the faith, I can\'t go on. \n\nBesides, I am concerned with god\'s morality and mental health. Does\nshe really want us to _believe_ in herself without any help (revelations,\nguidance, or anything I can feel)? If she has created us, why didn\'t\nshe make the task any easier? Why are we supposed to love someone who\nrefuses to communicate with us? What is the point of eternal torture\nfor those who can\'t believe?\n\nI love god just as much as she loves me. If she wants to seduce me,\nshe\'ll know what to do. \n\n: Simple logic arguments are folly.  If you read the Bible you will see\n: that Jesus made fools of those who tried to trick him with "logic".\n: Our ability to reason is just a spec of creation.  Yet some think it is\n: the ultimate.  If you rely simply on your reason then you will never\n: know more than you do now. \n\nYour argument is of the type "you\'ll know once you try".\nYet there are many atheists who have sincerely tried, and believed\nfor many years, but were eventually honest enough to admit that \nthey had lived in a virtual reality.\n\nWhat else but reason I can use? I don\'t have the spiritual means \nChristians often refer to. My conscience disagrees with the Bible.\nI don\'t even believe I have a soul. I am fully dependent on my\nbody - indeed, I _am_ this body. When it goes up with flames, so\ndoes my identity. God can entertain herself with copies of me\nif she wants.\n\n: To learn you must accept that which you don\'t know.\n\nWhat does this mean? To learn you must accept that you don\'t know \nsomething, right-o. But to learn you must _accept_ something I don\'t\nknow, why? This is not the way I prefer to learn. It is unwise to\nmerely swallow everything you read. Suppose I write a book telling\nhow the Great Invisible Pink Unicorn (tm) has helped me in my\ndaily problems, would you accept this, since you can\'t know whether\nit is true or not?\n\nNote that the GIPU is also omnipotent, omnipresent, and loves just\nabout everyone. Besides, He (and She) is guiding every writer on this planet,\nyou and me, and not just some people who write legendary stories\n2000 years ago.\n\nYour god is just one aspect of His and Her Presence.\n\nPetri\n\n--\n ___. .\'*\'\'.*        Petri Pihko    kem-pmp@          Mathematics is the Truth.\n!___.\'* \'.\'*\' \' .    Pihatie 15 C    finou.oulu.fi    Physics is the Rule of\n       \' *\' .* \'*    SF-90650 OULU  kempmp@           the Game.\n          *\'  *  .*  FINLAND         phoenix.oulu.fi  -> Chemistry is The Game.\n',
  u'From: idr@rigel.cs.pdx.edu (Ian D Romanick)\nSubject: Re: Rumours about 3DO ???\nArticle-I.D.: pdxgate.7272\nOrganization: Portland State University, Computer Science Dept.\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1993Apr15.164940.11632@mercury.unt.edu> mcmains@unt.edu (Sean McMains) writes:\n>\n>Wow! A 68070! I\'d be very interested to get my hands on one of these,\n>especially considering the fact that Motorola has not yet released the\n>68060, which is supposedly the next in the 680x0 lineup. 8-D\n\nA 68070 is just a 68010 with a built in MMU.  I don\'t even think that Moto.\nmanufactures them.\n\n                                  - Ian Romanick\n                                    Dancing Fool of Epsilon\n\n[]--------------------------------------------------------------------[]\n | Were the contained thoughts \'opinions\',     EPN.NTSC.quality = Best|\n | PSU would probably not agree with them.                            |\n |                                                                    |\n | "Look, I don\'t know anything about                                 |\n | douche, but I do know Anti-Freeze                                  |\n | when I see it!" - The Dead Milkmen                                 |\n[]--------------------------------------------------------------------[]\n',
  u"From: brian@porky.contex.com (Brian Love)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42\nOrganization: Xyvision Design Systems\nLines: 9\n\nIn article <25335@alice.att.com> td@alice.att.com (Tom Duff) writes:\n>ulrich@galki.toppoint.de wrote:\n>> Does anyone have any  other suggestions where the 42 came from?\n>Forty-two is six times nine.\n\n...for very small values of six and nine.\n\n(Sorry, Tom, I couldn't resist...)\n\n",
  u"From: dennisn@ecs.comm.mot.com (Dennis Newkirk)\nSubject: Re: Proton/Centaur?\nOrganization: Motorola\nNntp-Posting-Host: 145.1.146.43\nLines: 31\n\nIn article <1r54to$oh@access.digex.net> prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n>The question i have about the proton, is  could it be  handled at\n>one of KSC's spare pads, without major  malfunction,  or could it be\n>handled at kourou  or Vandenberg?   \n\nSeems like a lot of trouble to go to. Its probably better to   \ninvest in newer launch systems. I don't think a big cost advantage\nfor using Russian systems will last for very long (maybe a few years). \nLockheed would be the place to ask, since you would probably have to buy \nthe Proton from them (they market the Proton world wide except Russia). \nThey should know a lot about the possibilities, I haven't heard them\npropose US launches, so I assume they looked into it and found it \nunprofitable. \n\n>Now if it uses storables,  \n\nYes...\n\n>then  how long would it take for the russians\n>to equip something at cape york?\n\nComparable to the Zenit I suppose, but since it looks like\nnothing will be built there, you might just as well pick any\nspot.\n\nThe message is: to launch now while its cheap and while Russia and\nKazakstan are still cooperating. Later, the story may be different.\n\nDennis Newkirk (dennisn@ecs.comm.mot.com)\nMotorola, Land Mobile Products Sector\nSchaumburg, IL\n",
  u'From: raptor!rlove (Robert B. Love )\nSubject: Re: ASTRONAUTS---WHAT DOES WEIGHTLESSNESS FEEL\nOrganization: Rocky Mountain NeXT Users\' Group\nLines: 10\n\nIn article <1so442$3qm@access.digex.net> prb@access.digex.net (Pat)  \nwrites:\n> >Adaptation Trainer (PAT).  Dr. Harm here at MSC (oops, I mean JSC)\n> \n> \n> Now is that an aptly named person or what?\nWhen I went thru all the spinning chair tests at JSC the PhD in charge \nwas Milt Reshke but the technician who strapped me in and, on occasion,\ninserted the "probe" (needle) was named Bev Bloodworth.\n\n',
  u"From: bio1@navi.up.ac.za (Fourie Joubert)\nSubject: Image Analysis for PC\nOrganization: University of Pretoria\nLines: 18\nNNTP-Posting-Host: zeno.up.ac.za\n\nHi\n\nI am looking for Image Analysis software running in DOS or Windows. I'd like \nto be able to analyze TIFF or similar files to generate histograms of \npatterns, etc. \n\nAny help would be appreciated!\n\n__________________________________________________________________________\n\n     _/_/_/_/  _/_/_/_/_/ Fourie Joubert           \n    _/            _/    Department of Biochemistry\n   _/            _/    University of Pretoria\n  _/_/_/_/      _/    bio1@navi.up.ac.za\n _/            _/\n_/      _/_/_/_/\n__________________________________________________________________________\n\n",
  u'From: aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer)\nSubject: Re: DC-X update???\nOrganization: Evil Geniuses for a Better Tomorrow\nLines: 25\n\nIn article <schumach.734984753@convex.convex.com> schumach@convex.com (Richard A. Schumacher) writes:\n\n>Would the sub-orbital version be suitable as-is (or "as-will-be") for use\n>as a reuseable sounding rocket?\n\nDC-X as is today isn\'t suitable for this. However, the followon SDIO\nfunds will. A reusable sounding rocket was always SDIO\'s goal.\n\n>Thank Ghod! I had thought that Spacelifter would definitely be the\n>bastard Son of NLS.\n\nSo did I. There is a lot going on now and some reports are due soon \nwhich should be very favorable. The insiders have been very bush briefing\nthe right people and it is now paying off.\n\nHowever, public support is STILL critical. In politics you need to keep\nconstant pressure on elected officials.\n\n  Allen\n\n-- \n+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Lady Astor:   "Sir, if you were my husband I would poison your coffee!"   |\n| W. Churchill: "Madam, if you were my wife, I would drink it."             |\n+----------------------57 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX-----------------------+\n',
  u'From: d88-jwa@hemul.nada.kth.se (Jon Wtte)\nSubject: Re: Please Recommend 3D Graphics Library For Mac.\nOrganization: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nLines: 21\nNntp-Posting-Host: hemul.nada.kth.se\n\nIn <Z2442B4w164w@cellar.org> tsa@cellar.org (The Silent Assassin) writes:\n\n>> I\'m building a CAD package and need a 3D graphics library that can handle\n>> some rudimentry tasks, such as hidden line removal, shading, animation, etc.\n>> \n>> Can you please offer some recommendations?\n\nI think APDA has something called MacWireFrame which is a full\nwire-frame (and supposedly hidden-line removal) library.\nI think it weighs in at $99 (but I\'ve been wrong on an order\nof magnitude before)\n\n>Libertarian, atheist, semi-anarchal Techno-Rat.\n\nI can relate to that\n\n\t\t\t\t\t/h+\n-- \n -- Jon W{tte, h+@nada.kth.se, Mac Hacker Deluxe --\n\n  "On a clear disc, you can seek forever."\n',
  u'From: bradfrd2@ncar.ucar.edu (Mark Bradford)\nSubject: Astro/Space Frequently Seen Acronyms\nSupersedes: <space/acronyms_731394007@GZA.COM>\nOrganization: LifeForms Unlimited, Cephalopods\nLines: 509\nExpires: 19 May 1993 04:00:04 GMT\nNNTP-Posting-Host: pad-thai.aktis.com\nKeywords: long space astro tla acronyms\nX-Last-Updated: 1992/12/07\n\nArchive-name: space/acronyms\nEdition: 8\n\nAcronym List for sci.astro, sci.space, and sci.space.shuttle:\nEdition 8, 1992 Dec 7\nLast posted: 1992 Aug 27\n\nThis list is offered as a reference for translating commonly appearing\nacronyms in the space-related newsgroups.  If I forgot or botched your\nfavorite acronym, please let me know!  Also, if there\'s an acronym *not*\non this list that confuses you, drop me a line, and if I can figure\nit out, I\'ll add it to the list.\n\nNote that this is intended to be a reference for *frequently seen*\nacronyms, and is most emphatically *not* encyclopedic.  If I incorporated\nevery acronym I ever saw, I\'d soon run out of disk space!  :-)\n\nThe list will be posted at regular intervals, every 30 days.  All\ncomments regarding it are welcome; I\'m reachable as bradfrd2@ncar.ucar.edu.\n\nNote that this just tells what the acronyms stand for -- you\'re on your\nown for figuring out what they *mean*!  Note also that the total number of\nacronyms in use far exceeds what I can list; special-purpose acronyms that\nare essentially always explained as they\'re introduced are omitted.\nFurther, some acronyms stand for more than one thing; as of Edition 3 of\nthe list, these acronyms appear on multiple lines, unless they\'re simply\ndifferent ways of referring to the same thing.\n\nThanks to everybody who\'s sent suggestions since the first version of\nthe list, and especially to Garrett A. Wollman (wollman@griffin.uvm.edu),\nwho is maintaining an independent list, somewhat more verbose in\ncharacter than mine, and to Daniel Fischer (dfi@specklec.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de),\nwho is maintaining a truly HUGE list (535 at last count) of acronyms and\nterms, mostly in German (which I read, fortunately).\n\nSpecial thanks this time to Ken Hollis at NASA, who sent me a copy of NASA\nReference Publication 1059 Revised: _Space Transportation System and\nAssociated Payloads: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations_, a truly\nmammoth tome -- almost 300 pages of TLAs.\n\nSpecial Bonus!  At the end of this posting, you will find a perl program\nwritten by none other than Larry Wall, whose purpose is to scramble the\nacronym list in an entertaining fashion.  Thanks, Larry!\n\nA&A: Astronomy and Astrophysics\nAAO: Anglo-Australian Observatory\nAAS: American Astronomical Society\nAAS: American Astronautical Society\nAAVSO: American Association of Variable Star Observers\nACE: Advanced Composition Explorer\nACRV: Assured Crew Return Vehicle (or) Astronaut Crew Rescue Vehicle\nADFRF: Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility (was DFRF) (NASA)\nAGN: Active Galactic Nucleus\nAGU: American Geophysical Union\nAIAA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics\nAIPS: Astronomical Image Processing System\nAJ: Astronomical Journal\nALEXIS: Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors\nALPO: Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers\nALS: Advanced Launch System\nANSI: American National Standards Institute\nAOA: Abort Once Around (Shuttle abort plan)\nAOCS: Attitude and Orbit Control System\nAp.J: Astrophysical Journal\nAPM: Attached Pressurized Module (a.k.a. Columbus)\nAPU: Auxiliary Power Unit\nARC: Ames Research Center (NASA)\nARTEMIS: Advanced Relay TEchnology MISsion\nASA: Astronomical Society of the Atlantic\nASI: Agenzia Spaziale Italiano\nASRM: Advanced Solid Rocket Motor\nATDRS: Advanced Tracking and Data Relay Satellite\nATLAS: Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science\nATM: Amateur Telescope Maker\nATO: Abort To Orbit (Shuttle abort plan)\nAU: Astronomical Unit\nAURA: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy\nAW&ST: Aviation Week and Space Technology (a.k.a. AvLeak)\nAXAF: Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility\nBATSE: Burst And Transient Source Experiment (on CGRO)\nBBXRT: Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (ASTRO package)\nBEM: Bug-Eyed Monster\nBH: Black Hole\nBIMA: Berkeley Illinois Maryland Array\nBNSC: British National Space Centre\nBTW: By The Way\nC&T: Communications & Tracking\nCCAFS: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station\nCCD: Charge-Coupled Device\nCCDS: Centers for the Commercial Development of Space\nCD-ROM: Compact Disk Read-Only Memory\nCFA: Center For Astrophysics\nCFC: ChloroFluoroCarbon\nCFF: Columbus Free Flyer\nCFHT: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope\nCGRO: (Arthur Holley) Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (was GRO)\nCHARA: Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy\nCIRRIS: Cryogenic InfraRed Radiance Instrument for Shuttle\nCIT: Circumstellar Imaging Telescope\nCM: Command Module (Apollo spacecraft)\nCMCC: Central Mission Control Centre (ESA)\nCNES: Centre National d\'Etude Spatiales\nCNO: Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen\nCNSR: Comet Nucleus Sample Return\nCOBE: COsmic Background Explorer\nCOMPTEL: COMPton TELescope (on CGRO)\nCOSTAR: Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement\nCRAF: Comet Rendezvous / Asteroid Flyby\nCRRES: Combined Release / Radiation Effects Satellite\nCSM: Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft)\nCSTC: Consolidated Satellite Test Center (USAF)\nCTIO: Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory\nDCX: Delta Clipper eXperimental\nDDCU: DC-to-DC Converter Unit\nDFRF: Dryden Flight Research Facility (now ADFRF)\nDMSP: Defense Meteorological Satellite Program\nDOD: Department Of Defense (sometimes DoD)\nDOE: Department Of Energy\nDOT: Department Of Transportation\nDSCS: Defense Satellite Communications System\nDSN: Deep Space Network\nDSP: Defense Support Program (USAF/NRO)\nEAFB: Edwards Air Force Base\nECS: Environmental Control System\nEDO: Extended Duration Orbiter\nEGRET: Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (on CGRO)\nEJASA: Electronic Journal of the Astronomical Society of the Atlantic\nELV: Expendable Launch Vehicle\nEMU: Extravehicular Mobility Unit\nEOS: Earth Observing System\nERS: Earth Resources Satellite (as in ERS-1)\nESA: European Space Agency\nESO: European Southern Observatory\nET: (Shuttle) External Tank\nETLA: Extended Three Letter Acronym\nETR: Eastern Test Range\nEUV: Extreme UltraViolet\nEUVE: Extreme UltraViolet Explorer\nEVA: ExtraVehicular Activity\nFAQ: Frequently Asked Questions\nFAST: Fast Auroral SnapshoT explorer\nFFT: Fast Fourier Transform\nFGS: Fine Guidance Sensors (on HST)\nFHST: Fixed Head Star Trackers (on HST)\nFIR: Far InfraRed\nFITS: Flexible Image Transport System\nFOC: Faint Object Camera (on HST)\nFOS: Faint Object Spectrograph (on HST)\nFRR: Flight-Readiness Review\nFTP: File Transfer Protocol\nFTS: Flight Telerobotic Servicer\nFUSE: Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer\nFWHM: Full Width at Half Maximum\nFYI: For Your Information\nGAS: Get-Away Special\nGBT: Green Bank Telescope\nGCVS: General Catalog of Variable Stars\nGEM: Giotto Extended Mission\nGEO: Geosynchronous Earth Orbit\nGDS: Great Dark Spot\nGHRS: Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (on HST)\nGIF: Graphics Interchange Format\nGLOMR: Global Low-Orbiting Message Relay\nGMC: Giant Molecular Cloud\nGMRT: Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope\nGMT: Greenwich Mean Time (also called UT)\nGOES: Geostationary Orbiting Environmental Satellite\nGOX: Gaseous OXygen\nGPC: General Purpose Computer\nGPS: Global Positioning System\nGRO: Gamma Ray Observatory (now CGRO)\nGRS: Gamma Ray Spectrometer (on Mars Observer)\nGRS: Great Red Spot\nGSC: Guide Star Catalog (for HST)\nGSFC: Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)\nGTO: Geostationary Transfer Orbit\nHAO: High Altitude Observatory\nHD: Henry Draper catalog entry\nHEAO: High Energy Astronomical Observatory\nHeRA: Hermes Robotic Arm\nHF: High Frequency\nHGA: High Gain Antenna\nHLC: Heavy Lift Capability\nHLV: Heavy Lift Vehicle\nHMC: Halley Multicolor Camera (on Giotto)\nHR: Hertzsprung-Russell (diagram)\nHRI: High Resolution Imager (on ROSAT)\nHSP: High Speed Photometer (on HST)\nHST: Hubble Space Telescope\nHUT: Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (ASTRO package)\nHV: High Voltage\nIAPPP: International Amateur/Professional Photoelectric Photometry\nIAU: International Astronomical Union\nIAUC: IAU Circular\nICE: International Cometary Explorer\nIDA: International Dark-sky Association\nIDL: Interactive Data Language\nIGM: InterGalactic Medium\nIGY: International Geophysical Year\nIMHO: In My Humble Opinion\nIOTA: Infrared-Optical Telescope Array\nIOTA: International Occultation Timing Association\nIPS: Inertial Pointing System\nIR: InfraRed\nIRAF: Image Reduction and Analysis Facility\nIRAS: InfraRed Astronomical Satellite\nISAS: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan)\nISM: InterStellar Medium\nISO: Infrared Space Observatory\nISO: International Standards Organization\nISPM: International Solar Polar Mission (now Ulysses)\nISY: International Space Year\nIUE: International Ultraviolet Explorer\nIUS: Inertial Upper Stage\nJEM: Japanese Experiment Module (for SSF)\nJGR: Journal of Geophysical Research\nJILA: Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics\nJPL: Jet Propulsion Laboratory\nJSC: Johnson Space Center (NASA)\nKAO: Kuiper Airborne Observatory\nKPNO: Kitt Peak National Observatory\nKSC: Kennedy Space Center (NASA)\nKTB: Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (from German)\nLANL: Los Alamos National Laboratory\nLaRC: Langley Research Center (NASA)\nLDEF: Long Duration Exposure Facility\nLEM: Lunar Excursion Module (a.k.a. LM) (Apollo spacecraft)\nLEO: Low Earth Orbit\nLeRC: Lewis Research Center (NASA)\nLEST: Large Earth-based Solar Telescope\nLFSA: List of Frequently Seen Acronyms (!)\nLGA: Low Gain Antenna\nLGM: Little Green Men\nLH: Liquid Hydrogen (also LH2 or LHX)\nLLNL: Lawrence-Livermore National Laboratory\nLM: Lunar Module (a.k.a. LEM) (Apollo spacecraft)\nLMC: Large Magellanic Cloud\nLN2: Liquid N2 (Nitrogen)\nLOX: Liquid OXygen\nLRB: Liquid Rocket Booster\nLSR: Local Standard of Rest\nLTP: Lunar Transient Phenomenon\nMB: Manned Base\nMCC: Mission Control Center\nMECO: Main Engine CutOff\nMMH: MonoMethyl Hydrazine\nMMT: Multiple Mirror Telescope\nMMU: Manned Maneuvering Unit\nMNRAS: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society\nMOC: Mars Observer Camera (on Mars Observer)\nMOL: Manned Orbiting Laboratory\nMOLA: Mars Observer Laser Altimeter (on Mars Observer)\nMOMV: Manned Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle\nMOTV: Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle\nMPC: Minor Planets Circular\nMRSR: Mars Rover and Sample Return\nMRSRM: Mars Rover and Sample Return Mission\nMSFC: (George C.) Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA)\nMTC: Man Tended Capability\nNACA: National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (became NASA)\nNASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration\nNASDA: NAtional Space Development Agency (Japan)\nNASM: National Air and Space Museum\nNASP: National AeroSpace Plane\nNBS: National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)\nNDV: NASP Derived Vehicle\nNERVA: Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application\nNGC: New General Catalog\nNICMOS: Near Infrared Camera / Multi Object Spectrometer (HST upgrade)\nNIMS: Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (on Galileo)\nNIR: Near InfraRed\nNIST: National Institute for Standards and Technology (was NBS)\nNLDP: National Launch Development Program\nNOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\nNOAO: National Optical Astronomy Observatories\nNRAO: National Radio Astronomy Observatory\nNRO: National Reconnaissance Office\nNS: Neutron Star\nNSA: National Security Agency\nNSF: National Science Foundation\nNSO: National Solar Observatory\nNSSDC: National Space Science Data Center\nNTR: Nuclear Thermal Rocket(ry)\nNTT: New Technology Telescope\nOAO: Orbiting Astronomical Observatory\nOCST: Office of Commercial Space Transportation\nOMB: Office of Management and Budget\nOMS: Orbital Maneuvering System\nOPF: Orbiter Processing Facility\nORFEUS: Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer\nOSC: Orbital Sciences Corporation\nOSCAR: Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio\nOSSA: Office of Space Science and Applications\nOSSE: Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (on CGRO)\nOTA: Optical Telescope Assembly (on HST)\nOTHB: Over The Horizon Backscatter\nOTV: Orbital Transfer Vehicle\nOV: Orbital Vehicle\nPAM: Payload Assist Module\nPAM-D: Payload Assist Module, Delta-class\nPI: Principal Investigator\nPLSS: Portable Life Support System\nPM: Pressurized Module\nPMC: Permanently Manned Capability\nPMIRR: Pressure Modulated InfraRed Radiometer (on Mars Observer)\nPMT: PhotoMultiplier Tube\nPSF: Point Spread Function\nPSR: PulSaR\nPV: Photovoltaic\nPVO: Pioneer Venus Orbiter\nQSO: Quasi-Stellar Object\nRCI: Rodent Cage Interface (for SLS mission)\nRCS: Reaction Control System\nREM: Rat Enclosure Module (for SLS mission)\nRF: Radio Frequency\nRFI: Radio Frequency Interference\nRIACS: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science\nRMS: Remote Manipulator System\nRNGC: Revised New General Catalog\nROSAT: ROentgen SATellite\nROUS: Rodents Of Unusual Size (I don\'t believe they exist)\nRSN: Real Soon Now\nRTG: Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator\nRTLS: Return To Launch Site (Shuttle abort plan)\nSAA: South Atlantic Anomaly\nSAGA: Solar Array Gain Augmentation (for HST)\nSAMPEX: Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle EXplorer\nSAO: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory\nSAR: Search And Rescue\nSAR: Synthetic Aperture Radar\nSARA: Satellite pour Astronomie Radio Amateur\nSAREX: Search and Rescue Exercise\nSAREX: Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment\nSAS: Space Activity Suit\nSAS: Space Adaptation Syndrome\nSAT: Synthetic Aperture Telescope\nS/C: SpaceCraft\nSCA: Shuttle Carrier Aircraft\nSCT: Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope\nSDI: Strategic Defense Initiative\nSDIO: Strategic Defense Initiative Organization\nSEI: Space Exploration Initiative\nSEST: Swedish ESO Submillimeter Telescope\nSETI: Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence\nSID: Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance\nSIR: Shuttle Imaging Radar\nSIRTF: Space (formerly Shuttle) InfraRed Telescope Facility\nSL: SpaceLab\nSLAR: Side-Looking Airborne Radar\nSLC: Space Launch Complex\nSLS: Space(lab) Life Sciences\nSMC: Small Magellanic Cloud\nSME: Solar Mesosphere Explorer\nSMEX: SMall EXplorers\nSMM: Solar Maximum Mission\nSN: SuperNova (e.g., SN1987A)\nSNR: Signal to Noise Ratio\nSNR: SuperNova Remnant\nSNU: Solar Neutrino Units\nSOFIA: Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy\nSOHO: SOlar Heliospheric Observatory\nSPAN: Space Physics and Analysis Network\nSPDM: Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator\nSPOT: Systeme Probatoire pour l\'Observation de la Terre\nSPS: Solar Power Satellite\nSRB: Solid Rocket Booster\nSRM: Solid Rocket Motor\nSSF: Space Station Fred (er, Freedom)\nSSI: Solid-State Imager (on Galileo)\nSSI: Space Studies Institut\nSSME: Space Shuttle Main Engine\nSSPF: Space Station Processing Facility\nSSRMS: Space Station Remote Manipulator System\nSST: Spectroscopic Survey Telescope\nSST: SuperSonic Transport\nSSTO: Single Stage To Orbit\nSTIS: Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer (to replace FOC and GHRS)\nSTS: Shuttle Transport System (or) Space Transportation System\nSTScI: Space Telescope Science Institute\nSWAS: Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite\nSWF: ShortWave Fading\nTAL: Transatlantic Abort Landing (Shuttle abort plan)\nTAU: Thousand Astronomical Unit (mission)\nTCS: Thermal Control System\nTDRS: Tracking and Data Relay Satellite\nTDRSS: Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System\nTES: Thermal Emission Spectrometer (on Mars Observer)\nTIROS: Television InfraRed Observation Satellite\nTLA: Three Letter Acronym\nTOMS: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer\nTPS: Thermal Protection System\nTSS: Tethered Satellite System\nUARS: Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite\nUBM: Unpressurized Berthing Mechanism\nUDMH: Unsymmetrical DiMethyl Hydrazine\nUFO: Unidentified Flying Object\nUGC: Uppsala General Catalog\nUHF: Ultra High Frequency\nUIT: Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (Astro package)\nUKST: United Kingdom Schmidt Telescope\nUSAF: United States Air Force\nUSMP: United States Microgravity Payload\nUT: Universal Time (a.k.a. GMT, UTC, or Zulu Time)\nUTC: Coordinated Universal Time (a.k.a. UT)\nUV: UltraViolet\nUVS: UltraViolet Spectrometer\nVAB: Vehicle Assembly Building (formerly Vertical Assembly Building)\nVAFB: Vandenberg Air Force Base\nVEEGA: Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist (Galileo flight path)\nVHF: Very High Frequency\nVLA: Very Large Array\nVLBA: Very Long Baseline Array\nVLBI: Very Long Baseline Interferometry\nVLF: Very Low Frequency\nVLT: Very Large Telescope\nVMS: Vertical Motion Simulator\nVOIR: Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (superseded by VRM)\nVPF: Vertical Processing Facility\nVRM: Venus Radar Mapper (now called Magellan)\nWD: White Dwarf\nWFPC: Wide Field / Planetary Camera (on HST)\nWFPCII: Replacement for WFPC\nWIYN: Wisconsin / Indiana / Yale / NOAO telescope\nWSMR: White Sands Missile Range\nWTR: Western Test Range\nWUPPE: Wisconsin Ultraviolet PhotoPolarimter Experiment (Astro package)\nXMM: X-ray Multi Mirror\nXUV: eXtreme UltraViolet\nYSO: Young Stellar Object\n\n\n#!/usr/bin/perl\n# \'alt\', An Acronym Scrambling Program, by Larry Wall\n\n$THRESHOLD = 2;\n\nsrand;\nwhile (<>) {\n    next unless /^([A-Z]\\S+): */;\n    $key = $1;\n    $acro{$key} = $\';\n    @words = split(/\\W+/,$\');\n    unshift(@words,$key);\n    $off = 0;\n    foreach $word (@words) {\n        next unless $word =~ /^[A-Z]/;\n        *w = $&;\n        vec($w{$word}, $off++ % 6, 1) = 1;\n    }\n}\n\nforeach $letter (A .. Z) {\n    *w = $letter;\n    @w = keys %w;\n    if (@w < $THRESHOLD) {\n        @d = `egrep \'^$letter\' /usr/dict/words`;\n        chop @d;\n        push(@w, @d);\n    }\n}\n\nforeach $key (sort keys %acro) {\n    $off = 0;\n    $acro = $acro{$key};\n    $acro =~ s/((([A-Z])[A-Z]*)[a-z]*)/ &pick($3, $2, $1, ++$off) || $& /eg;\n    print "$key: $acro";\n}\n\nsub pick {\n    local($letter, $prefix, $oldword, $off) = @_;\n    $i = 0;\n    if (length($prefix) > 1 && index($key,$prefix) < 0) {\n        if ($prefix eq $oldword) {\n            $prefix = \'\';\n        }\n        else {\n            $prefix = $letter;\n        }\n    }\n    if (length($prefix) > 1) {\n        local(*w) = substr($prefix,0,1);\n        do {\n            $word = $w[rand @w];\n        } until $word ne $oldword && $word =~ /^$prefix/i || ++$i > 30;\n        $word =~ s/^$prefix/$prefix/i;\n        $word;\n    }\n    elsif (length($prefix) == 1) {\n        local(*w) = $prefix;\n        do {\n            $word = $w[rand @w];\n        } until $word ne $oldword && vec($w{$word}, $off, 1) || ++$i > 10;\n        $word = "\\u\\L$word" if $word =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;\n        $word;\n    }\n    else {\n        local(*w) = substr($oldword,0,1);\n        do {\n            $word = $w[rand @w];\n        } until $word ne $oldword && $word =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/ == 0 || ++$i > 30;\n        $word;\n    }\n}\n\n\n-- Mark Bradford (bradfrd2@ncar.ucar.edu) <> To err is human, to moo bovine.\n                  "It\'s an ill wind that gathers no moss."\n\n\n',
  u"From: xepo@csd4.csd.uwm.edu (Scott R Violet)\nSubject: Looking for code to brake image into sub-bands\nOrganization: Computing Services Division, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee\nLines: 11\nDistribution: usa\nNNTP-Posting-Host: 129.89.7.4\nOriginator: xepo@csd4.csd.uwm.edu\n\n\nHi all,\n\tI am working on a project in which I need to brake an image\ninto sub-bands and then work with them.  Since I have never done\nanything like this, don't even understand the concept of sub-bands, I\nwas wondering if there is some software out there that would allow me\nto do this.  Any hints?\nThanks,\n-- \n\n\t\t-Scott Violet (xepo@csd4.csd.uwm.edu)\n",
  u'From: lanphi872@moscow.uidaho.edu (Rob Lanphier)\nSubject: Re: A KIND and LOVING God!!\nOrganization: University of Idaho\nLines: 104\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: snake.cs.uidaho.edu\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\n\nMalcolm Lee (mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca) wrote:\n: I will clarify my earlier quote.  God\'s laws were originally written for \n: the Israelites.  Jesus changed that fact by now making the Law applicable to\n: all people, not just the Jews.  Gentiles could be part of the kingdom of\n: Heaven through the saving grace of God.  I never said that the Law was made\n: obsolete by Jesus.\n\nJust for reference, here\'s the earlier quote:\nMalcolm Lee (mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca) wrote in reference to Leviticus 21:9\nand Deuteronomy 22:20-25:\n: These laws written for the Israelites, God\'s chosen people whom God had\n: expressly set apart from the rest of the world.  The Israelites were a\n: direct witness to God\'s existence.  To disobey God after KNOWing that God\n: is real would be an outright denial of God and therefore immediately\n: punishable.\n: Remember, these laws were written for a different time and applied only to\n: God\'s chosen people.  But Jesus has changed all of that.  We are living in\n: the age of grace.  Sin is no longer immediately punishable by death.  There\n: is repentance and there is salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ.  And\n: not just for a few chosen people.  Salvation is available to everyone, Jew\n: and Gentile alike.\n\nThese are two conflicting statements.  To say one is a clarification of the\nother is a breach of logic.  I don\'t mind people shifting their position on\nan issue.  It irritates me when it is said under the premise that no change\nwas made.  What about Deuteronomy 22:20-25?  Is it wrong now?  Did Jesus\nchange that?\n\n: If anything, He clarified the Law such as in that quote you made.  In the\n: following verses, Jesus takes several portions of the Law and expounds upon\n: the Law giving clearer meaning to what God intended.\n\nSure he does this.  However, he doesn\'t address the notion of stoning\nnon-virgin brides, because this needs no clarification.  Are you going to\ndeny that Deuteronomy 22:20-25 is not patently clear in its intent?\n\n: I think you will agree with me that there are in today\'s world, a lot of\n: modern-day Pharisees who know the bible from end to end but do not believe\n: in it.  What good is head knowledge if there is nothing in the heart?\n\nI\'ll agree that there is a lot of modern day Pharisees that know the Bible\nfrom end to end and don\'t believe in it.  Depending on how they use this\nknowledge, they can be scary.  They can argue any position they desire, and\nback it up with selected parts of the Bible.  Such Pharisees include David\nKoresh and Adolph Hitler.  I will qualify this by saying *I don\'t know* if\nthey actually believed what they were preaching, but the ends certainly\nmade the means look frightening.\n\nHowever, just as scary are those that don\'t know much of the Bible, but\nbelieve every word.  In fact, this is probably scarier, since there are far\nmore of these people, from what I\'ve seen.  In addition, they are very easy\nto manipulate by the aforementioned Pharisees, since they don\'t know enough\nto debate with these people.\n\n: Christianity is not just a set of rules; it\'s a lifestyle that changes one\'s\n: perspectives and personal conduct.  And it demands obedience to God\'s will.\n\nNo, it demands obedience to a book.  If God came down and personally told\nme how I should behave, then I would say that I would be doing God\'s will\nby doing it.  However, if preachers, pastors, and evangelists tell me to\nobey the will of a book written by people who have been dead for close to\ntwo millenia (even longer for the OT), even if I follow everything in it\nwith my heart, I could scarcely be honest with myself by saying I\'m doing\nthe will of God.\n\n: Some people can live by it, but many others cannot or will not.  That is\n: their choice and I have to respect it because God respects it too.\n\nWell, if God respects it so much, how come there is talk in the Bible about\neternal damnation for non-believers?  I see little respect eminating from\nthe god of the Bible.  I see a selfish and spiteful god.\n\n: God be with you,\n\nNot yours, thanks ;)\n\n: Malcolm Lee  :)\n\nRob Lanphier\nlanphi872@snake.cs.uidaho.edu\nlanph872@uidaho.edu\n\nAnd for the curious, here is my earlier post:\n> Hmm, for a book that only applied to the Israelites (Deuteronomy), Jesus sure\n> quoted it a lot (Mt 4: 4,7,10).  In addition, he alludes to it in several\n> other places (Mt 19:7-8; Mk 10:3-5; Jn 5:46-47).  And, just in case it isn\'t\n> clear Jesus thought the Old Testament isn\'t obsolete, I\'ll repeat the\n> verse in Matthew which gets quoted on this group a lot:\n> \n> "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have\n> not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.  I tell you the truth, until\n> heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke\n> of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is\n> accomplished.  Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments\n> and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of\n> heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called\n> great in the kingdom of heaven.  For I tell you that unless your\n> righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law,\n> you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven."  (Mt 5:17-20 NIV, in\n> pretty red letters, so that you know it\'s Jesus talking)\n \n> This causes a serious dilemma for Christians who think the Old Testament\n> doesn\'t apply to them.  I think that\'s why Paul Harvey likes quoting it so\n> much ;).\n',
  u'From: u1452@penelope.sdsc.edu (Jeff Bytof - SIO)\nSubject: End of the Space Age?\nOrganization: San Diego Supercomputer Center @ UCSD\nLines: 16\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: penelope.sdsc.edu\n\nWe are not at the end of the Space Age, but only at the end of Its\nbeginning.\n\nThat space exploration is no longer a driver for technical innovation,\nor a focus of American cultural attention is certainly debatable; however,\ntechnical developments in other quarters will always be examined for\npossible applications in the space area and we can look forward to\nmany innovations that might enhance the capabilities and lower the\ncost of future space operations. \n\nThe Dream is Alive and Well.\n\n-Jeff Bytof\nmember, technical staff\nInstitute for Remote Exploration\n\n',
  u"From: almo@packmind.EBay.Sun.COM (Alan Monday-WWCS Business Mgt. Group)\nSubject: Re: Solar Sail Data\nOrganization: Sun Microsystems, Inc.\nLines: 14\nDistribution: world\nReply-To: almo@packmind.EBay.Sun.COM\nNNTP-Posting-Host: packmind.ebay.sun.com\n\nHey!? What happened to the solar sail race that was supposed to be\nfor Columbus+500?\n\nIn article 29848@news.duc.auburn.edu, snydefj@eng.auburn.edu (Frank J. Snyder) writes:\n>\n>I am looking for any information concerning projects involving Solar\n> Sails. I understand that the JPL did an extensive study on the subject\n> back in the late 70's but I am having trouble gathering such information.\n>\n>Are there any groups out there currently involved in such a project ?\n\n\n\n\n",
  u'From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\nSubject: Re: thoughts on christians\nOrganization: Cookamunga Tourist Bureau\nLines: 28\n\nIn article <C5rGKB.4Fs@darkside.osrhe.uoknor.edu>, bil@okcforum.osrhe.edu\n(Bill Conner) wrote:\n> Kent Sandvik (sandvik@newton.apple.com) wrote:\n> : The social pressure is indeed a very important factor for the majority\n> : of passive Christians in our world today. In the case of early Christianity\n> : the promise of a heavenly afterlife, independent of your social status,\n> : was also a very promising gift (reason slaves and non-Romans accepted\n> : the religion very rapidly).\n> \n> If this is a hypothetical proposition, you should say so, if it\'s\n> fact, you should cite your sources. If all this is the amateur\n> sociologist sub-branch of a.a however, it would suffice to alert the\n> unwary that you are just screwing around ...\n\nWell, as I remember Jacoby\'s "Mythmaker" talks about this to cite\none source -- but I\'m not sure if all Christians have read this book.\nIn addition my social experiences is from being raised and educated\nas a Lutheran, having a lot of Christian friends, and I even\nhave played in two Christian rock bands!\n\nSo, over to you, do you have any counter claims, sources et \nrest that shows that Christianity does not have the concept\nof a social promise that is independent on the social status?\n\nCheers,\nKent\n---\nsandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n',
  u"From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)\nSubject: Re: Space Research Spin Off\nOrganization: Express Access Online Communications USA\nLines: 30\nNNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.net\n\nIn article <C50zxA.1K9@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:\n>In article <1ppm7j$ip@access.digex.net> prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:\n|>I thought the area rule was pioneered by Boeing.\n|>NASA guys developed the rule,  but no-one knew if it worked\n|>until Boeing built the hardware 727 and maybe the FB-111?????\n|\n|Nope.  The decisive triumph of the area rule was when Convair's YF-102 --\n|contractually commmitted to being a Mach 1.5 fighter and actually found\n|to be incapable of going supersonic in level flight -- was turned into\n|the area-ruled YF-102A which met the specs.  This was well before either\n|the 727 or the FB-111; the 102 flew in late 1953, and Convair spent most\n|of the first half of 1954 figuring out what went wrong and most of the\n|second half building the first 102A.\n|-- \n|All work is one man's work.             | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\n|                    - Kipling           |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n\n\n\nGood thing i stuck in a couple of question marks up there.\n\nI seem to recall, somebody built  or at least proposed a wasp waisetd\nPassenger civil transport.  I thought it was a 727,  but maybe it\nwas a DC- 8,9???   Sure it had a funny passenger compartment,\nbut on the other hand  it seemed to save fuel.\n\nI thought Area rules  applied even before transonic speeds,  just\nnot as badly.\n\npat\n",
  u'From: mharring@cch.coventry.ac.uk (MARTIN)\nSubject: Ftp Site(s) with GIFS\nNntp-Posting-Host: cc_sysh\nOrganization: Fire Walk With Me....\nLines: 11\n\nI have been looking around some Ftp sites and cannot find one with any good\nGIF files. Could someone please tell me of some Ftp sites which do posses\ngoods GIFS and a wide range.\n\nPlease EMAIL me at the address above.\n\nThanks\n\nMartin\n\n\n',
  u'From: louis@loa.citilille.fr (Louis Gonzalez 20-43-41-19)\nSubject: SPHINX: Satellite Image Processing under X11\nOrganization: Universite des Sciences et Technologie de LILLE, France\nLines: 106\nNNTP-Posting-Host: loasil.citilille.fr\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]\n\n\n****************************   SPHINX   ***************************\n\n\tSphinx is a user-friendly, state-of-the-art image processing\nand analysis package that runs across a spectrum of high performance \ncomputer platforms operating UNIX and the X-Window System.\n\n\tIt was created to meet to the daily research needs of scientists \nconducting climate investigations using satellite data and remote\nsensing techniques. \n\n\t\t   Intuitive Graphic Interface\n\n\tSphinx features an interactive interface with pop-up menus and \npoint-and-click dialog boxes which makes image processing and\nanalysis simple and fast.\n\tThis accessible menuing enables you to build attractive image \nlayouts quickly while also providing you the flexibility of returning\nto the main menu to conduct other image analysis and processing operations.\n\n\t\t    Image Format Compatibility\n\n\tUsing smart read/write functions, Sphinx allows you to easily open\nand save image files in a variety of formats using bit, integer or real\ndata values.  Sphinx also reads and writes the common TIFF and GIF formats\nas well as compresses and decompresses image formats to save disk space.\n\n\t\t    Image Analysis & Processing\n\n\tFor image and pixel analysis, the Sphinx package includes an\nassortment of processing tools that perform useful statistical and \nmathematical filtering operations, such as Fourier transforms, convolution \nproduct or principal component analyses.\nAn interactive interpreter for both algebraic equations and images allows\nthe user to manipulate and combine individual data channels interactively.\nStandard FORTRAN notation is used for formula entry and for trig\nonometric and transcendental functions.\n\n\t\t    Satellite Spectra & Orbit Analysis\n\n\tSphinx possesses functions to simulate satellite signal sensitivity\nfor various meteorological satellites (e.g., GOES, METEOSAT, NOAA, Spot etc.).\nThe simulations are conducted for a selection of standard atmospheric and\nsurface conditions and instrument spectral bands.\nA geometry model computes the solar zenith angles, warping, orbit simulation,\nand 3-D image projection.\n\n\t\t    Easy External Program Interfacing\n\n\tSphinx allows users the flexibility to integrate externally\ndeveloped software algorithms for processing and converting satellite\nobservations.  Sphinx exports and imports image files and image parameters\nto external programs using special interface functions.\n\n\t\t    Quick Quality Presentation\n\n\tSphinx rapidly displays, manipulates, and enhances high-resolution\nmultispectral images and color tables.  Using six 8-bit 1024x1024 image\nplanes and one graphics plane, the package conveniently combines color images,\ngraphics and text to generate sharp digital images for articles and reports.\nSphinx\'s 2-D and 3-D graphics editor provides complete flexibility for modifying\nand integrating vector graphics and analysis plots with images, such as \nhistograms and radial graphs.  The package supplies color and gray scale\noutput for standard inkjet and laser printers.\n\tOther Capabilities Sphinx also performs image animation, external \ngraphics importing, mosaic fitting... what else?\n\n\t\t    Software Support & Development\n\n\t Sphinx was developed at the Laboratoire d\'Optique Atmospherique (LOA)\n of the Universite de Lille, France.\nThe package has received critical feedback and support from scientists at\nthe French national laboratory, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS),\nand the French space agency, Centre National d\'Etudes Spatiales (CNES).\nAt LOA, Sphinx undergoes continued refinement and development to meet changing\nresearch needs and advances in computer technology.  The package, which features\non-line help, is supported by an Internet address\n\n sphinx@loasil.citilille.fr through which questions can be answered and\n version updates provided without delay.\n\n\t\t    Performance Tested\n\n \tCNES has selected Sphinx to analyze and process the satellite data \ncollected during the upcoming ADEOS/POLDER satellite mission.  Today,\nthe Sphinx package is in use at the NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center\nand is widely used in many French laboratories, including\nthe Centre de Recherche en Physique de l\'Environnement, Ecole Normale Superieure ,\nLaboratoire d\' Etudes et de Recherches en Teledetection Spatiale,  Laboratoire \nde Meteorologie Dynamique.\n\n\n   A TEST VERSION OF SPHINX IS AVAILABLE AT loasil.citilille.fr\n   (134.206.50.4) anonymous (bin : cd SPHINX : get ALL_SPHINX.tar.Z)\n\n   IN THE TEST VERSION THE OUTPUT FILES ARE DISABLE. HOWEVER THE\n   VISUALISATION AND GRAPHIC FUNCTIONS ARE AVAILABLE. THIS IS\n   SUFFICIENT TO WORK WITH.\n\n   IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN KEEPING "SPHINX", SEND US YOUR EMAIL\n   AND YOU WILL RECEIVE NEWS ABOUT THE PACKAGE EVOLUTION.\n\n   THE SOFTWARE IS CHANGING WITH USER SUGGESTIONS WE WILL\n   APPRECIATE YOUR COMMENTS.\n\n\n',
  u'From: hwstock@snll-arpagw.llnl.gov (stockman harlan w)\nSubject: screen capture\nKeywords: capture\nOrganization: Sandia National Laboratories\nLines: 4\n\nIs there a DOS screen capture utility -- PD or shareware -- that will\nwork reliably with VESA 6a 800x600 screens?\n\nThanks, H.W. Stockman, hwstock@sandia.llnl.gov\n',
  u'From: "Robert Knowles" <p00261@psilink.com>\nSubject: Re: Amusing atheists and agnostics\nIn-Reply-To: <timmbake.735175045@mcl>\nNntp-Posting-Host: 127.0.0.1\nOrganization: Kupajava, East of Krakatoa\nX-Mailer: PSILink-DOS (3.3)\nLines: 19\n\n>DATE:   18 Apr 93 23:17:25 GMT\n>FROM:   Bake Timmons <timmbake@mcl.ucsb.edu>\n>\n>\tThese Bible-lovers have got to chill out.  If we all could just relax\n>and see atheism for what it is, the funny pages could have more material.\n>\n>\tAtheism denies the existence of God.  This is logically bankrupt --\n>where is the proof of this nonexistence?  It\'s a joke.\n>\n>\tSo nobody can take the above sense of atheism seriously.  Perhaps\n\nPerhaps because you just made it up?\n\nNow put your skateboard away and read the FAQ.  Learn something about atheism\nbefore you get off on these tangents.\n\n\n\n\n',
  u"From: cutter@gloster.via.mind.org (cutter)\nSubject: Re: Biblical Backing of Koresh's 3-02 Tape (Cites enclosed)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Gordian Knot, Gloster,GA\nLines: 22\n\nnetd@susie.sbc.com () writes:\n\n> In article <20APR199301460499@utarlg.uta.edu> b645zaw@utarlg.uta.edu (stephen\n> >For those who think David Koresh didn't have a solid structure,\n> >or sound Biblical backing for his hour long tape broadcast,\n> \n> I don't think anyone really cares about the solid structure of his\n> sermon.  It's the deaths he's responsible for that concern most people.\n> \n\nAnd I think we ought to hold Christ accoountable for all of his followers \nwho died at the hand of the Romans also. It was their own fault for believing.\n\nGod, this society reminds me more of the Roman Empire every day; I guess\nI'll just log off and go watch American Gladiators.\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\ncutter@gloster.via.mind.org (chris)     All jobs are easy \n                                     to the person who\n                                     doesn't have to do them.\n                                               Holt's law\n",
  u"From: hathaway@stsci.edu\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nLines: 31\nOrganization: Space Telescope Science Institute\nDistribution: na\n\nIn article <1rq3os$64i@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.net (Pat) writes:\n> In article <3t75nhg@rpi.edu> strider@clotho.acm.rpi.edu (Greg Moore) writes:\n> |\n> |\tAs Herny pointed out, you have to develop the thruster.\n> |Also, while much lighter, you still have to lift the mass of\n> |the thruster to orbit, and then the thruster lifts its own \n> |weight into a higher orbit.  And you take up room in the payload\n>>bay.\n>>\n> \n> a yes,  but the improvement in  boost orbit to the HST is Significant,\n\nI do not understand what you are saying here.  What is improved, what \nis Significant, and what does this have to do with carrying more \nequipment on a servicing mission?  Also, as implied by other posters, why \ndo you need to boost the orbit on this mission anyway?  Maybe you have \nsomething here, but could you please clarify it for us on the net? \n\n> and  that means you can then carry EDO packs  and enough consumables\n> so the SHuttle mission can go on long enough to also fix the\n> array tilt motors,  and god knows what else  is going to wear out\n\nFrom what I've heard, the motors are fine - it is one of the two \nsets of electronics that control the motors that needs a fix.  The \nmotors and electronics are separate pieces of hardware.  I expect \nto be corrected if I'm wrong on this. \n\n> on the HST in the next 9 months.\n> \n> pat\n> \n",
  u'From: djmst19@unixd2.cis.pitt.edu (David J Madura)\nSubject: Re: Rumours about 3DO ???\nLines: 13\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL3\n\ndave@optimla.aimla.com (Dave Ziedman) writes:\n\n: 3DO is still a concept.\n: The software is what sells and what will determine its\n: success.\n\n\nApparantly you dont keep up on the news.  3DO was shown\nat CES to developers and others at private showings.  Over\n300 software licensees currently developing software for it.\n\nI would say that it is a *LOT* more than just a concept.\n\n',
  u"From: richard@harlqn.co.uk (Richard Brooksby)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Atheism\nOrganization: Harlequin Ltd, Cambridge, UK\nLines: 21\n\nNanci Ann Miller <nm0w+@andrew.cmu.edu> writes:\n\n> snm6394@ultb.isc.rit.edu (S.N. Mozumder ) writes:\n> > More horrible deaths resulted from atheism than anything else.\n>\n> There are definitely quite a few horrible deaths as the result of\n> both atheists AND theists.  ...  Perhaps, since I'm a bit weak on\n> history, somone here would like to give a list of wars caused/led by\n> theists? ...\n\nThis thread seems to be arguing the validity of a religious viewpoint\naccording to some utilitarian principle, i.e. atheism/religion is\nwrong because it causes death.  The underlying `moral' is that death\nis `wrong'.  This is a rather arbitrary measure of validity.\n\nGet some epistemology.\n---\nrichard@harlequin.com\t\t  (Internet)\nrichard@harlequin.co.uk           (Internet)\nRPTB1@UK.AC.CAMBRIDGE.PHOENIX     (JANET)\nZen Buddhist\n",
  u'From: marshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu (Kevin Marshall)\nSubject: Re: Faith and Dogma\nOrganization: Virginia Tech Computer Science Dept, Blacksburg, VA\nLines: 73\nNNTP-Posting-Host: csugrad.cs.vt.edu\n\ntgk@cs.toronto.edu (Todd Kelley) writes:\n\n>Faith and dogma are irrational.  The faith and dogma part of any religion\n>are responsible for the irrationality of the individuals.\n\nI disagree.  In the end, the *individual* is responsible for his/her own\nirrationality.  The individual\'s belief in some dogmatic religion is a \nsymptom of that irrationality.\n\n>Have you noticed that philosophers tend to be atheists?\n\nAtheists and agnostics, I would imagine, but yes, that was my point.  An\natheist would theoretically be just as ill-equipped to study the philosophy\nof religion as a Christian, and yet there is a persistence of atheists\namong the ranks of philosophers.  Therefore, the conflict between one\'s\nreligious beliefs (or lack thereof) and the ability to be a philosopher\nmust not be as great as you assert.  The fact that most philosophers may\nbe non-religious was a secondary point.\n\n\n>Science, (as would be practiced by atheists) in contrast, has a\n>BUILT IN defence against faith and dogma.\n\nAs opposed to science practiced by theists?  Be careful here.\n\nScience does have a built-in defence against faith and dogma:\nskepticism.  Unfortunately, it is not foolproof.  There is that \nwonderful little creature known as the "theory."  Many of us believe in\nthe theory of evolution.  We have no absolute proof that this \ntheory is true, so why do we believe it?  Because it "makes more \nsense than...?"  There is quite a bit of faith involved here.\n\n\n>A scientist holds sacred the idea that beliefs should change to\n>suit whatever is the best information available at the time, AND,\n>*AND*, ****AND***, a scientist understands that any current beliefs\n>are deficient in some way.\n\nWell, not ALL current beliefs are deficient, but basically I agree.\n\n\n>Can you see the difference?  Science views beliefs as being flawed,\n>and new information can be obtained to improve them.\n\nIdeally, this is true.  In reality, though, you have to acknowledge\nthat scientists are human.  Scientists have egos and biases.  Some\nscientists assume a particular theory is true, refuse to admit the\nflaws in that theory because of ego problems or whatever, and proceed\nto spend their time and money trying to come up with absolute proof \nfor the theory.  Remember cold fusion?\n\n\n>>By the way, I wasn\'t aware mass suicide\n>>was a problem.  Waco and Jonestown were isolated incidents.  \n>>Mass suicides are far from common.\n>\n>Clinton and the FBI would love for you to convince them of this.\n>It would save the US taxpayer a lot of money if you could.\n\nNot really.  I agree that we spent far too much money on the Waco\ncrisis ($7,500,000 I believe), especially considering the outcome.\nMy point was that mass suicides in the U.S. are rare (Jonestown was\nin Guyana, incidentally, although we footed the bill for the clean-up),\nand the U.S. has far more important issues to address.  Compare the\nnumber of U.S. citizens who have died in mass suicides with, say, the\nnumber of U.S. soldiers who died during one week of the Vietnam War and\nyou will see my point.\n\n-- \n---                      __  _______                              ---\n||| Kevin Marshall       \\ \\/ /_  _/  Computer Science Department |||\n||| Virginia Tech         \\  / / /     marshall@csugrad.cs.vt.edu |||\n--- Blacksburg, Virginia   \\/ /_/                  (703) 232-6529 ---\n',
  u"Subject: Re: Albert Sabin\nFrom: lippard@skyblu.ccit.arizona.edu (James J. Lippard)\nDistribution: world,local\nOrganization: University of Arizona\nNntp-Posting-Host: skyblu.ccit.arizona.edu\nNews-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    \nLines: 53\n\nIn article <C5p660.36t@sunfish.usd.edu>, rfox@charlie.usd.edu writes...\n>In article <1993Apr15.225657.17804@rambo.atlanta.dg.com>, wpr@atlanta.dg.com (Bill Rawlins) writes:\n>>|> >|> \n>>|> However, one highly biased account (as well as possibly internally \n>>|> inconsistent) written over 2 mellenia ago, in a dead language, by fanatic\n>>|> devotees of the creature in question which is not supported by other more \n>>|> objective sources and isnt  even accepted by those who's messiah this creature \n>>|> was supposed to be, doesn't convince me in the slightest, especially when many\n>>|> of the current day devotees appear brainwashed into believing this pile of \n>>|> guano...\n>>\n>>       Since you have referred to the Messiah, I assume you are referring\n>>        to the New Testament.  Please detail your complaints or e-mail if\n>>        you don't want to post.  First-century Greek is well-known and\n>>        well-understood.  Have you considered Josephus, the Jewish Historian,\n>>        who also wrote of Jesus?  In addition, the four gospel accounts\n>>        are very much in harmony.  \n> \n>Bill, I have taken the time to explain that biblical scholars consider the\n>Josephus reference to be an early Christian insert.  By biblical scholar I mean\n>an expert who, in the course of his or her research, is willing to let the\n>chips fall where they may.  This excludes literalists, who may otherwise be\n>defined as biblical apologists.  They find what they want to find.  They are\n>not trustworthy by scholarly standards (and others).\n> \n>Why an insert?  Read it - I have, a number of times.  The passage is glaringly\n>out of context, and Josephus, a superb writer, had no such problem elsewhere \n>in his work.  The passage has *nothing* to do with the subject matter in which \n>it lies.  It suddenly appears and then just as quickly disappears.\n\nI think this is a weak argument.  The fact is, there are *two* references to\nJesus in _Antiquities of the Jews_, one of which has unquestionably at least\nbeen altered by Christians.  Origen wrote, in the third century, that\nJosephus did not recognize Jesus as the Messiah, while the long passage\nsays the opposite.  There is an Arabic manuscript of _Antiquities of the\nJews_ which contains a version of the passage which is much less gung-ho\nfor Jesus and may be authentic.\n   There is no question that Origen, in the third century, saw a reference\nto Jesus in Josephus.  There are no manuscripts of _Antiquities_ which\nlack the references.\n\nIt is possible that it was fabricated out of whole cloth and inserted, but\nI don't think it's very likely--nor do I think there is a consensus in\nthe scholarly community that this is the case. (I know G.A. Wells takes\nthis position, but that's because he takes the very small minority view\nthat Jesus never existed.  And he is a professor of German, not of\nbiblical history or New Testament or anything directly relevant to\nthe historicity of Jesus.)\n\nJim Lippard              Lippard@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU\nDept. of Philosophy      Lippard@ARIZVMS.BITNET\nUniversity of Arizona\nTucson, AZ 85721\n",
  u'From: Thyagi@cup.portal.com (Thyagi Morgoth NagaSiva)\nSubject: OTO, the Ancient Order of Oriental Templars\nOrganization: The Portal System (TM)\nDistribution: world\n  <1993Apr14.130150.28931@lynx.dac.northeastern.edu>\nLines: 68\n\n93!04.16 e.v.  After the Glorious Eve of Taxation\n\nDo what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law.\nThe word of Sin is Restriction.\n\n\n"To all whom it may concern -\n\n...\n\n"It is known only to a few that there exists an external visible\norganization of such men and women, who having themselves found\nthe path to real self-knowledge, and who, having travelled the\nburning sands, are willing to give the benefit of their experience,\nand to act as spiritual guides to those who are willing to be\nguided.\n\n"While numberless societies, associations, orders, groups etc.\nhave been founded during the last thirty years in all parts of\nthe civilised world, all following some line of occult study,\nyet there is but ONE ancient organization of genuine Mystics\nwhich shows the seeker after truth a Royal Road to discover\nThe Lost Mysteries of Antiquity, and to the Unveiling of the\nOne Hermetic Truth.\n\n"This organization is known at the present time as the Ancient\nOrder of Oriental Templars.  Ordo Templi Orientis.  Otherwise:\nThe Hermetic Brotherhood of Light.\n\n"It is a Modern School of Magic.  And, like the ancient schools\nof magic, it derived its knowledge from the East.  This Knowledge\nwas never its possessors.[sic] It was recorded in symbol, parable \nand allegory, requiring a Key for its interpretation....\n\n"This key can be placed within the reach of all those who... apply\nfor membership to the Oriental Templars (O.T.O.). \n\n"The O.T.O.... is a body of Initiates in whose hands are\nconcentrated the secret knowledge of all Oriental Orders and of all\nexisting Masonic Degrees....\n\n"The O.T.O., although an Academia Masonica, is not a Masonic Body,\nso far as the Craft degrees are concerned in the sense in which that\nexpression is usually understood in England, and therefore in no way\nconflicts with or infringes the just priveleges of the United Lodge\nof England.  English Master Masons in good standing, by arrangement,\non affiliation, are admitted at reduced charges.  Members of the IX\ndegree become part-proprietors of the Estates and Goods of the Order.\nFor further information see the publications of the O.T.O., and the\nsynopsis of the degrees of the O.T.O."\n\n\'Constitution of the Ancient Order of Oriental Templars,\n Ordo Templi Orientis\', \n\nby Frater Superior Merlin Peregrinus X Degree, \nPast Grand Master Albert Karl Theodor Reuss\n\n\nTaken from _Equinox III: 10_, \nEdited by Frater Superior Rex Summus Sanctissimus,\nUnited States Caliph of Ordo Templi Orientis\n\n\nInvoke me under my stars.  Love is the law, love under will.\n\nI am I!\n\nFrater (I) Nigris (DCLXVI) (CCCXXXIII) \n',
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: free moral agency\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University\nLines: 21\nDistribution: na\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\nKeywords: Another thread destined for the kill-file\n\nIn article <1r98voINNr9q@lynx.unm.edu> cfaehl@vesta.unm.edu (Chris Faehl) writes:\n\n>> The myth to which I refer is the convoluted counterfeit athiests have\n>> created to make religion appear absurd. \n>\n>"Counterfeit atheists". Hmmmm. So, we\'re just cheap knock-offs of the\n>True Atheists. \n\n\tThey must be theists in disguise.\n\n\tIn any event, we don\'t _need_ to create religious parodies: just \nlook at some actual religions which are absurd.\n\n\n\x1b[34mAnd now . . . \x1b[35mDeep Thoughts\x1b[0m\n\t\x1b[32mby Jack Handey.\x1b[0m\n\n\x1b[36mIf you go parachuting, and your parachute doesn\'t open, and your\nfriends are all watching you fall, I think a funny gag would be\nto pretend you were swimming.\x1b[0m\n\n',
  u'From: cb@wixer.bga.com (Cyberspace Buddha)\nSubject: Re: CView answers\nKeywords: Stupid Programming\nOrganization: Real/Time Communications\nLines: 15\n\nrenew@blade.stack.urc.tue.nl (Rene Walter) writes:\n>over where it places its temp files: it just places them in its\n>"current directory".\n\nI have to beg to differ on this point, as the batch file I use\nto launch cview cd\'s to the dir where cview resides and then\ninvokes it.  every time I crash cview, the 0-byte temp file\nis found in the root dir of the drive cview is on.\n\njust my $0.13,\ncb\n-- \n Cyberspace Buddha { Why are you looking for more knowledge when you  } /(o\\\n cb@wixer.bga.com   \\ do not pay attention to what you already know? /  \\o)/\n cb@wixer.cactus.org }   "get out of my chair!" -- Hillary to god   { peace...\n',
  u'From: rmalayte@moliere.helios.nd.edu (ryan malayter)\nSubject: Re: Why does Illustrator AutoTrace so poorly?\nOrganization: University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame\nLines: 22\n\nIn article <0010580B.vmcbrt@diablo.UUCP> diablo.UUCP!cboesel (Charles Boesel) writes:\n>I\'ve been trying to figure out a way to get Adobe Illustrator\n>to auto-trace >exactly< what I see on my screen. But it misses\n>the edges of templates by as many as 6 pixels or more - resulting in images\n>that are useless  - I need exact tracing, not approximate.\n>\n>I\'ve tried adjusting the freehand tolerances as well as autotrace\n>tolerances but it doesn\'t help. Any suggestions?\n>\n\nBuy Adobe Streamline.  Problem solved.\n\n\n||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n||"College men get smashed and break something,           ||   --     ---   ||\n|| College women get smashed and get broken."             ||    |\\     |    ||\n||       -Robin Wilson              ======================|| ------------\\  ||\n||        President,                ||Ryan P. Malayter    ||  | |   \\  |  | ||\n||        Chico State University    ||332 Stanford Hall   || ------------/  ||\n||==================================||Notre Dame, IN 46556||    |     \\|    ||\n|| N.D. Dept. of Physics/Comp. Sci. ||>>>malayter@nd.edu<<||   ---     --   ||\n||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n',
  u'From: brendan@gu.uwa.edu.au (Brendan Langoulant)\nSubject: 3D input devices\nOrganization: The University of Western Australia\nLines: 9\nNNTP-Posting-Host: mackerel.gu.uwa.edu.au\nKeywords: 3d,input,device\n\nGreetings all,\n   Does anyone use some form of 3D input device?  I would like to hear any\ninformation on any systems that people are currently using...\n\nPlease email responses. I will summarise if I get some feedback.\n\n--\nBrendan Langoulant\nbrendan@gu.uwa.edu.au\n',
  u"From: mlee@post.RoyalRoads.ca (Malcolm Lee)\nSubject: Re: Davidians and compassion\nOrganization: Royal Roads Military College, Victoria, B.C.\nLines: 34\n\n\nIn article <sandvik-200493000159@sandvik-kent.apple.com>, sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n|> In article <93Apr20.011634edt.47719@neat.cs.toronto.edu>,\n|> cbo@cs.toronto.edu (Calvin Bruce Ostrum) wrote:\n|> > In article <sandvik-190493200420@sandvik-kent.apple.com>\n|> >    sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n|> > | I have a hard time just now understanding that Christianity\n|> > | knows about the word compassion. Christians, do you think \n|> > | the actions today would produce a good picture of your \n|> > | religion?\n|> > Clearly all people considering themselves Christians are all alike,\n|> > and support one another in everything they do.  In particular, it\n|> > follows that they certainly will support all the actions of any\n|> > other person calling himself a Christian...  NOT.\n|> \n|> I see, there are Christians, and there are Christians. No wonder\n|> the Christian world is in shambles, you can't even agree who\n|> is a rightful one and a wrong one.\n|> \n\nIf one does not follow the teachings of Christ, he is NOT Christian.  \nToo easy?  \n\n|> Please, I would like to hear your comments about a supposed\n|> Christian leader that makes sure that children are burnt to\n|> death.\n|> \n\nWould you say all Muslims are like Saddam Hussein?  I wouldn't make\nsuch a blanket judgement, why do you?\n\n|> Kent\n|> ---\n|> sandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n",
  u'From: schumach@convex.com (Richard A. Schumacher)\nSubject: Re: Boeing TSTO (Was: Words from Chairman of Boeing)\nNntp-Posting-Host: starman.convex.com\nOrganization: CONVEX Computer Corporation, Richardson, Tx., USA\nX-Disclaimer: This message was written by a user at CONVEX Computer\n              Corp. The opinions expressed are those of the user and\n              not necessarily those of CONVEX.\nLines: 7\n\n[Description of Boeing study of two-staged spaceplane using\nsupersonic ramjets deleted.]\n\nIn other words, Boeing is not seriously thinking about\nreliable, less-expensive access to orbit. They just like\nto fool around with exotic airplanes.\n\n',
  u"From: kde@boi.hp.com (Keith Emmen)\nSubject: Re: Biblical Backing of Koresh's 3-02 Tape (Cites enclosed)\nOrganization: Hewlett-Packard / Boise, Idaho\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1scd1 PL4\nLines: 11\n\nxcpslf@oryx.com (stephen l favor) writes:\n: : Seems to me Koresh is yet another messenger that got killed\n: : for the message he carried. (Which says nothing about the \n: : character of the messenger.) I reckon we'll have to find out\n: : the rest the hard way.\n: : \n: \n: Koresh was killed because he wanted lots of illegal guns.\n\nI haven't heard of ANY illegal guns being found.  He was accused\nof not paying taxes on LEGAL guns.\n",
  u'From: schumach@convex.com (Richard A. Schumacher)\nSubject: Re: HST Servicing Mission Scheduled for 11 Days\nNntp-Posting-Host: starman.convex.com\nOrganization: CONVEX Computer Corporation, Richardson, Tx., USA\nDistribution: na\nX-Disclaimer: This message was written by a user at CONVEX Computer\n              Corp. The opinions expressed are those of the user and\n              not necessarily those of CONVEX.\nLines: 21\n\nIn <1rs0au$an6@access.digex.net> prb@access.digex.net (Pat) writes:\n\n>How different would the contamination threat of a small manuevering tug\n>be from that of the Shuttle and it\'s OMS engines??????\n\nThe aperture door will be shut during reboost. Using the shuttle\nmeans that there will be someone nearby to pry the door open again \nif it should stick.\n\n\n\n>I just figured, if GOldin wants to really,  prove out faster, cheaper\n>better,   have some of the whiz kids  slap together an expendable\n>space manuevering tug  out of a BUs1,  and use that for the re-boost.\n\nIt\'s clear that the "whiz kids" are not running the show. In any\ncase it\'s not prudent to stick a "slapped together" explosive device\non the end of a billion dollar asset that you\'d like to see again.\n(Wiseacres might say that a shuttle is a slapped-together explosive\ndevice, but at least it\'s had some testing.)\n\n',
  u"From: dconway@hpldsla.sid.hp.com (Dan Conway)\nSubject: Re: Calculating regular polyhedra vertices\nOrganization: HP Scientific Instruments Division - Palo Alto, CA\nLines: 16\n\nI'd be interested in a copy of this code if you run across it.\n(Mail to the author bounced)\n > / hpldsla:comp.graphics / ricky@vnet.ibm.com (Rick Turner) / 12:53 am  May 13,\n 1993 /\n > I fooled around with this problem a few years ago, and implemented a\n > simple method that ran on a PC.\n > was very simple - about 40 or 50 lines of code.\n . . .\n > Somewhere I still have it\n > and could dig it out if there was interest.\n >\n > Rick\n\n Dan Conway\n dconway@hpsid.sid.hp.com\n\n",
  u"From: stern@brahms.udel.edu (Garland Stern)\nSubject: looking for hot Mac 3D anim software\nDistribution: usa\nOrganization: University of Delaware\nLines: 6\nNntp-Posting-Host: brahms.udel.edu\n\nI am interested in finding 3D animation programs for the Mac.\nI am especially interested in any programs that don't exist\nin a PC port and are so good that they would make me go buy\na Mac.  Do any such exist?\n\nThanks in advance\n",
  u"From: phoenix.Princeton.EDU!carlosn (Carlos G. Niederstrasser)\nSubject: Double sonic booms.\nOriginator: news@nimaster\nNntp-Posting-Host: luma.princeton.edu\nOrganization: Princeton University\nLines: 16\n\nEvery time you read about a shuttle landing they mention the double sonic  \nbooms.  Having taken various relevant classes, I have several ideas of where  \nthey come from, but none of them are very convincing.  Exactly what causes  \nthem?  Are they a one time pheneomenon, or a constant one like the supersonic  \nshockwave that is constantly produced by a plane, but you hear only when it  \ngoes over you?\n\n---\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n| Carlos G. Niederstrasser        |  Only two things are infinite,  |\n| Princeton Planetary Society     |      the universe and human     |\n|                                 |   stupidity, and I'm not sure   |\n|                                 |   about the former. - Einstein  |\n| carlosn@phoenix.princeton.edu   |---------------------------------|\n| space@phoenix.princeton.edu     |    Ad Astra per Ardua Nostra    |\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
  u'From: cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Mike Cobb)\nSubject: Re: Ancient references to Christianity (was: Albert Sabin)\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 12\n\nWhy is the NT tossed out as info on Jesus.  I realize it is normally tossed\nout because it contains miracles, but what are the other reasons?\n\nMAC\n--\n****************************************************************\n                                                    Michael A. Cobb\n "...and I won\'t raise taxes on the middle     University of Illinois\n    class to pay for my programs."                 Champaign-Urbana\n          -Bill Clinton 3rd Debate             cobb@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu\n                                              \nNobody can explain everything to anybody.  G.K.Chesterton\n',
  u'From: mrowley@pebbles.es.com (Michael Rowley)\nSubject: Re: Command Loss Timer (Re: Galileo Update - 04/22/93)\nKeywords: Galileo, JPL\nNntp-Posting-Host: 130.187.85.70\nOrganization: Design Systems Division, Evans & Sutherland, SLC, UT\nLines: 27\n\nIn article <1993Apr26.193924.1189@bnr.ca> jcobban@bnr.ca (Jim Cobban) writes:\n>Having read in the past about the fail-safe mechanisms on spacecraft, I had\n>assumed that the Command Loss Timer had that sort of function.  However I\n>always find disturbing the oxymoron of a "NO-OP" command that does something.\n>If the command changes the behavior or status of the spacecraft it is not\n>a "NO-OP" command.\n>\n>Of course this terminology comes from a Jet Propulsion Laboratory which has\n>nothing to do with jet propulsion.\n>\n\n\tI don\'t know where you got this idea from, JPL\'s history dates back to \n\tto the 1930s when a Caltech professor named Von Karman conducted  \n\texperiments in rocket PROPULSION with a group of graduate students\n\ton the present site of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.   The Army started\n\tfunding the laboratory and had jurisdiction untill the late 1950s when\n\tNASA took over. The early research conducted at the Laboratory\n\tled to many applications the first being Jet-assisted takeoff rockets\n\tfor aircraft.  I think this should explain where JPL got it\'s name, I\n\tshould know, I worked there for five wonderful years.\n----------mike. \n>-- \n>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n>Jim Cobban   |  jcobban@bnr.ca                        |  Phone: (613) 763-8013\n>BNR Ltd.     |  bnrgate.bnr.ca!bcars5!jcobban         |  FAX:   (613) 763-2626\n\n\n',
  u'From: willner@head-cfa.harvard.edu (Steve Willner)\nSubject: Re: temperature of the dark sky\nOrganization: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA,  USA\nLines: 71\n\n\n\nIn article <1993Apr28.002214.16544@Princeton.EDU>,\nrichmond@spiff.Princeton.EDU (Stupendous Man) writes: \n>    If that\'s the case, let me point out that interstellar dust and \n> molecules provide many instances of things that are, well, not-too-far\n> from being blackbodies.  Many different observations, including IRAS\n> and COBE, have determined that interstellar dust grain temperatures\n> can range from 40K to 150K.\n\nInterstellar grains are not at all close to blackbodies.  The "large"\ngrains have sizes of order 0.1 micron and absorb visible light with\nfair efficiency.  However, at temperatures below 100 K, 90% of the\nthermal emission will be beyond 22 microns, where radiating\nefficiency is poor.  (A small antenna cannot easily radiate at long\nwavelengths.)  Thus the grains must heat up more in order to radiate\nthe energy they have absorbed.\n\nMoreover, the IRAS observations had a maximum wavelength of 100\nmicrons.  Grains colder than 30 K will radiate primarily at longer\nwavelengths, and IRAS would be relatively insensitive to them.  In\nthe extreme limit, grains as cold as 5 K will be almost undetectable\nby any conceivable observation.\n\nWorse still, IRAS color temperatures are heavily contaminated by a\npopulation of "small" grains.  These grains have only perhaps 50\natoms, and when they are hit by a single photon they heat up to\ntemperatures of several hundred or 1000 K.  Of course they cool\nquickly and then stay cold for a while, but _when they are radiating_\nthe characteristic temperature is several hundred K.  Even a small\npopulation of these grains can dramatically raise the observed\n"average" temperature.\n\nA model for local infrared emission consistent with COBE data has\nthree components.  These represent scattered radiation from Zodiacal\ndust (color temperature 5500 K), thermal emission from Zodiacal dust\n(Tc = 280 K), and thermal emission from Galactic dust (Tc=25 K).  At\nthe ecliptic poles, the emissivities or dilution factors are\nrespectively 1.9E-13, 4E-8, and 2E-5.  The first two are roughly\ndoubled in the ecliptic plane.\n\nTo find the thermal equilibrium temperature, we add up the dilution\nfactor times the fourth power of temperature for all components, then\ntake the fourth root.  In the table below, starlight comes from\nAllen\'s number that stellar emission from the whole sky is equivalent\nto 460 zero mag stars with B-V color of 0.75.  No doubt careful work\ncould do much better.  (The person who suggested starlight had a\ndilution factor of E-4 must have been remembering wrong.  We would be\ncooked if that were the case.  In any event, the energy density of\nstarlight comes out about the same as that of the microwave\nbackground, and I believe that to be correct.)\n\n                         Dilution   Temp.   DT^4\nMicrowave background         1        2.7     53\nGalactic dust              2E-5      25        8\nZodiacal dust (emission)   6E-8     280      369\nZodiacal dust (scattering) 3E-13   5500      275\nStarlight                  1E-13   5500       92\n                                           -----\n                                             797\n\nThe fourth root of 797 is 5.3 K.  Outside the Solar system, the\nresult would be 3.5 K.  \n\nI find these results surprising, especially the importance of\nZodiacal dust, but I don\'t see any serious mistakes.\n\n-- \nSteve Willner            Phone 617-495-7123         Bitnet:   willner@cfa\nCambridge, MA 02138 USA                 Internet: willner@cfa.harvard.edu\n  member, League for Programming Freedom; contact lpf@uunet.uu.net\n',
  u'From: parys@ccsua.ctstateu.edu\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nKeywords: Success\nLines: 140\nNntp-Posting-Host: ccsua.ctstateu.edu\nOrganization: Yale University, Department of Computer Science, New Haven, CT\n\nI told some friends of mine two weeks ago that Koresh was dead.  The FBI and\nthe BATF could not let a man like that live.  He was a testimonial to their\nstupidity and lies.    \n\nNow before everyone gets crazy with me, let me say that Koresh was crazy as \na bed bug, but out government was crazier...and they lied to us.\n\nThey told us compound had been under survaillance for quite some time.  Yet, \nwhoever was watching the place failed to see that Koresh went jogging and into\ntown on a regular basis.  Everyone in the area claimed to have seen him and \nwondered why they didn\'t pick him up then.  There are two possible answers.\nFirst, they didn\'t see him.  What kind of survaillance is that?  Second, they\ndidn\'t care.  They wanted a confrontation.  They wanted publicity and they got\nit.\n\nAfter the first battle, they told us that they did not know he knew they were\ncoming.  They also said it would have been foolish to go in knowing that.\nWell, we know now that they intercepted the informants call and went in anyway.\n\nDid they explore all of the possibilities for ending the seige?  According to\nthem they did, but according to the Hartford Courant, the woman that raised\nKoresh (His Grandmother) was not allowed to go in and see him.                 \n The FBI agent who she spoke with was Bob Ricks and according to the paper he\nsaid:\n\n"A lot of people think if you just talk to them logically they will come out.\nHis grandmother raised Vernon Howell; (Koresh\'s Real name)  she didn\'t raise\nDavid Koresh."\n\nSomeone who raises you and loves you does not speak to you strickly on a\nlogical level.  There is also an emotional level on which they can reach you.\n\nHere\'s another one.  All during this operation the FBI has been claiming that\nthey feared a mass suicide and that is one of the reasons that something must\nbe done.  Now they claim they never thought he would do it?\n\nI knew they were going to do something when they started talking about how\nmuch money this was costing.  That was the start of the "Justification" part\npart of the plan.  That\'s when I knew it would come soon.\n\nBut, back to the plan.  It is considered "Cruel and Unusal Punishment" to\nexecute criminals in the minds of many people, but look at what\'s acceptable.\n\nThey knew the parents (adults) had gas masks.  They did not know, or were not\nsure, if the children had them.  So the plan was to pour the gas into the \ncompound.  The mothers, seeing what the gas was doing to their children were\nsupposed to run out and that would only leave the men to deal with.\n\nI spent two years in the army and like everyother veteran I went through CBR\n(Chemical, Biological Radiological) warfare training.  Part of that training\nis going into a room filled with the same stuff that the children were\nsubjected to.  To make the stuff really interesting the gas also has a chemical \nagent that irritates the skin.  You think its on fire.\n\nI have no doubts the children would become hysterical.  Its not the kind of\nthing you never want to do again.  This was the plan, the final solution.\n\nWe waited 444 days for our hostages to come home from Iran.  We gave these\npeople 51 days.  \n\nI stated on several occasions that there was absolutely nothing in this whole\nthing that the government could point to as a success.  Well, FBI agent Ricks\nchanged my mind.  Again a newclip from the Hartford Courant:\n\n"And while expressing regret at the loss of life, he suggested that the\noperation had been at least a modified success because not a single federal\nshot had been fired and not a single federal agent had been hurt."\n\nIt took 17 dead children to get us that new definition of success.\n\nOne more thought.  The government claimed that they believed he had automatic\nweapons on the premises. \n                                                      \n        HE HAD A LICENSE FOR THE 50 CALIBER MACHINE GUN!\n\nTHEY KNEW DAMN WELL HE HAD ONE. THEY ALSO KNEW HE HAD IT LEGALLY!\n\nStill, without the element of surprise they sent in agents to get him.\nFor all of this my President takes full responsibility.  What a guy!\nI hope he gets it.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn article <exuptr.1431.0@exu.ericsson.se>, exuptr@exu.ericsson.se (Patrick Taylor, The Sounding Board) writes:\n> In article <11974@prijat.cs.uofs.edu> bill@triangle.cs.uofs.edu (Bill Gunshannon) writes:\n> \n>>Before you go absolving the BATF & FBI of all blame in this incident, you should\n>>probably be aware of two important facts.\n>>1.  There is no such thing as non-toxic tear gas.  Tear gas is non-breathable\n>>    remaining in it\'s presence will cause nausea and vomiting, followed eventually\n>>    by siezures and death.  Did the FBI know the physical health of all the people\n>>    they exposed??  Any potential heart problems among the B-D\'s??\n> \n> No doubt it is dangerous stuff when concentrated.\n> \n>>2.  Have you ever seen a tear gas canister??  Tear gas is produced by burning a\n>>    chemical in the can.  The fumes produced are tear gas.  The canister has a \n>>    warning printed on the side of it.  "Contact with flamable material can result\n>>    in fire."  Now, how many of these canisters did they throw inside a building \n>>    they admited was a fire-trap??\n> \n> None.  They used non-incindiary methods, which means they produced the gas \n> outside the building and pumped it in via the tanks.\n> \n> ---\n>  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n>  ---------Visit the SOUNDING BOARD BBS +1 214 596 2915, a Wildcat! BBS-------\n> \n>  ObDis: All opinions are specifically disclaimed. No one is responsible.\n> \n>     Patrick Taylor, Ericsson Network Systems  THX-1138\n>     exuptr@exu.ericsson.se                    "Don\'t let the .se fool you"\n',
  u'From: cstxqbe@dcs.warwick.ac.uk (Kate Kingman)\nSubject: Re: LCD VGA display\nNntp-Posting-Host: shuffle\nOrganization: Department of Computer Science, Warwick University, England\nLines: 24\n\nIn article <C6BAB1.LLt@vcd.hp.com> edmoore@vcd.hp.com (Ed Moore) writes:\n>: I\'ve only had the computer for about 21 months.  Is that a reasonable life\n>: cycle for a LCD display?\n>\n>My Toshiba T1100+ LCD (CGA, 1986) died in 11 months.  Replaced under the 12\n>month warranty, fortunately.  When it died, it died instantly and completely.\n\nI worked in support for a while at a company and we had problems with several\nToshiba 1600\'s in a short space of time. They were all around 2 years old.\nSome screens went completely (as above), others were just "dodgy".\n\nThis happened to about 5 or 6 out of, maybe 100. They were fairly reliable up\nto then and I don\'t think it was a special problem with Tosh\'s (no link to the\ncompany). So I would think that 21 months may not be unreasonable - just\nunlucky!\n\nRegards,\n\nKate.  :)|\n-- \n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n~ Kate Kingman        \\ cstxqbe@dcs.warwick.ac.uk \\ I leave the typos to   ~\n~ ** The Tall BlondE **\\ esudb@csv.warwick.ac.uk   \\ occupy all the bored  ~\n~\t:)|\t\t\\ \t:)|\t\t    \\ people out there. :) ~\n',
  u'From: PPORTH@hq.nasa.gov ("Tricia Porth (202")\nSubject: Remote Sensing Data\nX-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest\nMmdf-Warning: Parse error in original version of preceding line at VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nOrganization: [via International Space University]\nOriginal-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU\nDistribution: sci\nLines: 137\n\n=================================================================\nI am posting this for someone else.  Please respond to the \naddress listed below.  Please also excuse the duplication as this \nmessage has been crossposted.  Thanks!\n=================================================================\n \n \n      REQUEST FOR IDEAS FOR APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING DATABASES \n                             VIA THE INTERNET\n \nNASA is planning to expand the domain of users of its Earth and space science\ndata.  This effort will:\n \n  o   Use the evolving infrastructure of the U.S. Global Change Research \n      Program including the Mission To Planet Earth (MTPE) and the Earth \n      Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Programs.\n \n  o   Use the Internet, particularly the High Performance Computing and \n      Communications Program\'s NREN (National Research and Education \n      Network), as a means of providing access to and distribution of \n      science data and images and value added products.\n \n  o   Provide broad access to and utilization of remotely sensed images in \n      cooperation with other agencies (especially NOAA, EPA, DOE, DEd, \n      DOI/USGS, and USDA). \n \n  o   Support remote sensing image and data users and development \n      communities. \n \nThe user and development communities to be included (but not limited to) as\npart of this effort are educators, commercial application developers (e.g., \ntelevision weather forecasters), librarians, publishers, agriculture \nspecialists, transportation, forestry, state and local government planners, and\naqua business.\n \nThis program will be initiated in 1994.  Your assistance is requested to \nidentify potential applications of remote sensing images and data.  We would \nlike your ideas for potential application areas to assist with development of\nthe Implementation Plan.\n \nPLEASE NOTE: THIS IS NOT A REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS.  \n \nWe are seeking your ideas in these areas: \n \n  (1)  Potential commercial use of remote sensing data and images; \n \n  (2)  Potential noncommercial use of remote sensing data and images in \n       education (especially levels K-12) and other noncommercial areas;\n \n  (3)  Types of on-line capabilities and protocols to make the data more \n       accessible;\n \n  (4)  Additional points of contacts for ideas; and \n \n  (5)  Addresses and names  from whom to request proposals. \n \nFor your convenience, a standard format for responses is included below.  Feel\nfree to amend it as necessary.  Either e-mail or fax your responses to us by\nMay 5, 1993.\n \nE-MAIL:   On Internet "rsdwg@orion.ossa.hq.nasa.gov"  ASCII  - No binary \nattachments please\n \nFAX:   Ernie Lucier, c/o RSDWG, NASA HQ, FAX 202-358-3098\n \nSurvey responses in the following formats may also be placed in the FTP \ndirectory ~ftp/pub/RSDWG on orion.nasa.gov.  Please indicate the format. \nAcceptable formats are: Word for Windows 2.X, Macintosh Word 4.X and 5.X, and \nRTF.  \n \n \n \n----------------------------RESPONSE FORMAT--------------------------\n \nREQUEST FOR IDEAS FOR APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING DATABASES VIA THE INTERNET\n \n(1)  Potential commercial use of remote sensing data and images  (if possible,\nidentify the relevant types of data or science products, user tools, and\nstandards).\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n(2)  Uses of remote sensing data and images in education (especially levels\nK-12) and other noncommercial areas (if possible, identify the relevant types\nof data or science products, user tools, and standards). \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n(3)  Types of on-line capabilities and protocols to make the data and images\nmore accessible (if possible, identify relevant types of formats, standards,\nand user tools)\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n(4)  Additional suggested persons or organizations that may be resources for \nfurther ideas on applications areas.  Please include: Name, Organization, \nAddress and Telephone Number.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n(5)  Organizations, mailing lists (electronic and paper), periodicals, etc. to\nwhom a solicitation for proposals should be sent when developed.  Please \ninclude: Name, Organization, Address and Telephone Number.\n \n \n \n(6)  We would benefit from knowing why users that know about NASA remote \nsensing data do not use the data.  Is it because they do not have ties to NASA\ninvestigators, or high cost, lack of accessibility, incompatible data formats,\npoor area of interest coverage, inadequate spatial or spectral resolution, ...?\n \n \n \n \n \n(7)  In case we have questions, please send us your name, address, phone number\n(and e-mail address if you have one).  If you don\'t wish to send us this\ninformation, feel free to respond to the survey anonymously.  Thank you for\nyour assistance. \n \n \n',
  u"From: keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider)\nSubject: Re: Morality? (was Re: <Political Atheists?)\nOrganization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena\nLines: 23\nNNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu\n\nlivesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n\n>>So, you are saying that it isn't possible for an instinctive act\n>>to be moral one?\n>I like to think that many things are possible.   Explain to me\n>how instinctive acts can be moral acts, and I am happy to listen.\n\nFor example, if it were instinctive not to murder...\n\n>>That is, in order for an act to be an act of morality,\n>>the person must consider the immoral action but then disregard \n>>it?\n>Weaker than that.   There must be the possibility that the\n>organism - it's not just people we are talking about - can\n>consider alternatives.\n\nSo, only intelligent beings can be moral, even if the bahavior of other\nbeings mimics theirs?  And, how much emphasis do you place on intelligence?\nAnimals of the same species could kill each other arbitarily, but they\ndon't.  Are you trying to say that this isn't an act of morality because\nmost animals aren't intelligent enough to think like we do?\n\nkeith\n",
  u"From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)\nSubject: Re: Boom! Whoosh......\nOrganization: U of Toronto Zoology\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <1r46ofINNdku@gap.caltech.edu> palmer@cco.caltech.edu (David M. Palmer) writes:\n>>orbiting billboard...\n>\n>I would just like to point out that it is much easier to place an\n>object at orbital altitude than it is to place it with orbital\n>velocity.  For a target 300 km above the surface of Earth,\n>you need a delta-v of 2.5 km/s.  Assuming that rockets with specific\n>impulses of 300 seconds are easy to produce, a rocket with a dry\n>weight of 50 kg would require only about 65 kg of fuel+oxidizer...\n\nUnfortunately, if you launch this from the US (or are a US citizen),\nyou will need a launch permit from the Office of Commercial Space\nTransportation, and I think it may be difficult to get a permit for\nan antisatellite weapon... :-)\n\nThe threshold at which OCST licensing kicks in is roughly 100km.\n(The rules are actually phrased in more complex ways, but that is\nthe result.)\n-- \nAll work is one man's work.             | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology\n                    - Kipling           |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry\n",
  u'From: kmr4@po.CWRU.edu (Keith M. Ryan)\nSubject: Re: "Cruel" (was Re: <Political Atheists?)\nOrganization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (USA)\nLines: 35\nNNTP-Posting-Host: b64635.student.cwru.edu\n\nIn article <1qnpa6INN8av@gap.caltech.edu> keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n>>Hanging? Hanging there slowing being strangled would be very \n>>painful, both physically and psychologicall, I imagine.\n>\n>Well, most hangings are very quick and, I imagine, painless.\n\n\tI think this is a misnomer.\n\n>\n>>Firing squad ? [ note: not a clean way to die back in those \n>>days ], etc. \n>>All would be considered cruel under your definition.\n>>All were allowed under the constitution by the founding fathers.\n>\n>And, hangings and firing squads are allowed today, too.  And, if these\n>things were not considered cruel, then surely a medical execution\n>(painless) would not be, either.\n\n\tBut, this just shows then that painful execution is not considered \n"cruel" and unusual punishment. This shows that "cruel" as used in the \nconstitution does NOT refer to whether or not the punishment causes physical \npain.\n\tRather, it must be a different meaning.\n\n---  \n\n  " I\'d Cheat on Hillary Too."\n\n   John Laws\n   Local GOP Reprehensitive\n   Extolling "Traditional Family Values."\n\n\n\n\n',
  u"From: I3150101@dbstu1.rz.tu-bs.de (Benedikt Rosenau)\nSubject: Re: Genocide is Caused by Theism : Evidence?\nOrganization: Technical University Braunschweig, Germany\nLines: 21\n\nIn article <1qibo2$f4o@horus.ap.mchp.sni.de>\nfrank@D012S658.uucp (Frank O'Dwyer) writes:\n \n>\n>#>In the absence of some convincing evidence that theist fanatics are more\n>#>dangerous than atheist fanatics, I'll continue to be wary of fanatics of\n>#>any stripe.\n>#\n>#I think that the agnostic fanatics are the most dangerous of the lot.\n>\n>Fair point, actually.  I mentioned theists and atheists, but left out\n>agnostics.  Mea culpa.\n>\n \nNo wonder in the light of that you are a probably a theist who tries\nto pass as an agnostic. I still remember your post about your daughter\nsinging Chrismas Carols and your feelings of it well.\n \nBy the way, would you show marginal honesty and answer the many questions\nyou left open when you ceased to respond last time?\n   Benedikt\n",
  u'From: deb47099@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Daniel E. Bradley)\nSubject: Help! Quicktime 1.5/System 7.1 Problem\nKeywords: quicktime mac\nOrganization: University of Illinois at Urbana\nLines: 14\n\n\tI am unable to run Quicktime 1.5 on my IIvx running System 7.1, and\n\tI don\'t know why. (If there is a better group to post this to, please\n\tlet me know.) Quicktime 1.0 works fine, but when I try to run a movie\n\tin any application that supports it, Like Simple Player, Canvas or\n\tWord, I get the message "sorry a system error occurred \'<Application>\'\n\tunimplemented trap <continue> <restart>", I press <continue> and get\n\t"The application \'unknown\' has unexpectedly quit, because an error of\n\ttype 12 occurred." Substitute Simple Player or Canvas or Word for\n\t\'<Application>, and the messages are always the same. If I restart with\n\tQuicktime 1.0, I have no problems. Any suggestions? I am at a loss.\n\t\tThanks in advance. Oh yah, please email me as I don\'t check\n\t\tthe newsgroups very often.\n\t\t\tDan Bradley deb47099@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu\n\n',
  u"From: davidr@rincon.ema.rockwell.com (David J. Ray)\nSubject: Re: TIFF: philosophical significance of 42\nOrganization: Rockwell International\nX-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5\nLines: 16\n\nMartin Preston (prestonm@cs.man.ac.uk) wrote:\n: In <C5sCGu.1LL@mentor.cc.purdue.edu> ab@nova.cc.purdue.edu (Allen B) writes:\n: \n: >I've got the 6.0 spec (obviously since I quoted it in my last posting). \n: >My gripe about TIFF is that it's far too complicated and nearly\n: >infinitely easier to write than to read,...\n: \n: Why not use the PD C library for reading/writing TIFF files? It took me a\n: good 20 minutes to start using them in your own app.\n: \n: Martin\n: \nWhat is the name of this PD C library for TIFF.  I'd like to get a copy of it,\nbut I can't Archie for something I don't have the filename for.\n\nThanks.\n",
  u'From: Mike_Peredo@mindlink.bc.ca (Mike Peredo)\nSubject: Re: "Fake" virtual reality\nOrganization: MIND LINK! - British Columbia, Canada\nLines: 11\n\nThe most ridiculous example of VR-exploitation I\'ve seen so far is the\n"Virtual Reality Clothing Company" which recently opened up in Vancouver. As\nfar as I can tell it\'s just another "chic" clothes spot. Although it would be\ninteresting if they were selling "virtual clothing"....\n\nE-mail me if you want me to dig up their phone # and you can probably get\nsome promotional lit.\n\nMP\n(8^)-\n\n',
  u"From: kempmp@phoenix.oulu.fi (Petri Pihko)\nSubject: Re: DID HE REALLY RISE???\nOrganization: University of Oulu, Finland\nX-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]\nLines: 19\n\nI must correct the following in my previous posting:\n \n: If you are trying to be objective, you must also recognise that\n: \n: 1) the gospels are not independent sources, on the contrary, they\n: share much of the same material\n\nI should have been a bit more careful here - the gospels not only\ntell us about the same events, they usually use the same wordings.\nTextual analyses show that Matthew and Luke probably had a common\nsource, which may have influenced Mark, too.\n\nPetri\n\n--\n ___. .'*''.*        Petri Pihko    kem-pmp@          Mathematics is the Truth.\n!___.'* '.'*' ' .    Pihatie 15 C    finou.oulu.fi    Physics is the Rule of\n       ' *' .* '*    SF-90650 OULU  kempmp@           the Game.\n          *'  *  .*  FINLAND         phoenix.oulu.fi  -> Chemistry is The Game.\n",
  u'From: healta@saturn.wwc.edu (Tammy R Healy)\nSubject: Re: Free Moral Agency and Kent S.\nLines: 37\nOrganization: Walla Walla College\nLines: 37\n\nIn article <sandvik-140493185034@sandvik-kent.apple.com> sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n>From: sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik)\n>Subject: Re: Free Moral Agency and Kent S.\n>Date: Thu, 15 Apr 1993 01:51:57 GMT\n>In article <healta.135.734811375@saturn.wwc.edu>, healta@saturn.wwc.edu\n>(TAMMY R HEALY) wrote:\n>> Ezekiel 28:17 says, Your hart was filled with pride because of all your \n>> beauty; you corrupted your wisdom for the sake of your splendor.  Therefore \n>> I have cast you down the the ground and exposed you helpless before the \n>> curious gaze of Kings."\n>\n>> For those of you who are Bible scholars, you knowthat the 1st 11 verses \n>> refer to the Prince of Tyre.  This is a prophesy about and addressed to the \n>> human prince.  Verses 12-19 refer to the King of Tyre, which is a term for \n>> Satan.\n>\n>Tammy, what\'s the rationale to connect the prince of Tyre with Satan,\n>could you give us more rational bible cites, thanks? I\'m afraid that\n>if this is not the case, your thinking model falls apart like a house\n>of cards. But let\'s see!\n>\n>Cheers,\n>Kent\n>---\n>sandvik@newton.apple.com. ALink: KSAND -- Private activities on the net.\n\nAt the time Ezekiel was written, Israel was in apostacy again and if I\'m not \nmistaken, Tyre was about to make war on Israel.  Like I said, the Prince of \nTyre was the human ruler of Tyre.  He was a wicked man.  By calling Satan \nthe King of Tyre, Ezekiel was saying that Satan is the real ruler over Tyre.\n\nDon\'t think my interpretation is neccessarily the orthodox Christian one, \nalthough most Christian Bible commentaries interpret the King of Tyre as \nbeing a reference to Satan. (I haven\'t read Ezekiel throughly in a long \ntime.)\n\nTammy\n',
  u'From: mcgoy@unicorn.acs.ttu.edu (David McGaughey)\nSubject: Re: THE POPE IS JEWISH!\nOrganization: Texas Tech University\nLines: 12\n\nwest@next02cville.wam.umd.edu (Stilgar) writes:\n> THE POPE IS JEWISH\n\nI always thought that the Pope was a bear.\n\nYou know, because of that little saying:\n\nDoes a bear shit in the woods?\nIs the Pope Catholic?\n\nThere MUST be SOME connection between those two lines!\n\n',
  u" wupost!uunet!olivea!sgigate!sgi!fido!solntze.wpd.sgi.com!livesey\nSubject: Re: >>>>>>Pompous ass\nFrom: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\n <93089.050046MVS104@psuvm.psu.edu> <1pa6ntINNs5d@gap.caltech.edu> \n <1993Mar30.205919.26390@blaze.cs.jhu.edu> <1pcnp3INNpom@gap.caltech.edu> <1pdjip$jsi@fido.asd.sgi.com> <1pi9jkINNqe2@gap.caltec\nOrganization: sgi\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\nLines: 20\n\nIn article <1pi9jkINNqe2@gap.caltech.edu>, keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n|> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> \n|> >>>How long does it [the motto] have to stay around before it becomes the\n|> >>>default?  ...  Where's the cutoff point? \n|> >>I don't know where the exact cutoff is, but it is at least after a few\n|> >>years, and surely after 40 years.\n|> >Why does the notion of default not take into account changes\n|> >in population makeup?     \n|> \n|> Specifically, which changes are you talking about?  Are you arguing\n|> that the motto is interpreted as offensive by a larger portion of the\n|> population now than 40 years ago?\n\nNo, do I have to?    I'm just commenting that it makes very\nlittle sense to consider everything we inherit to be the default.\n\nSeen any steam trains recently?\n\njon.\n",
  u'From: livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey)\nSubject: Re: Moraltiy? (was Re: <Political Atheists?)\nOrganization: sgi\nLines: 62\nDistribution: world\nNNTP-Posting-Host: solntze.wpd.sgi.com\n\nIn article <1r5cmnINNb8@gap.caltech.edu>, keith@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Allan Schneider) writes:\n|> livesey@solntze.wpd.sgi.com (Jon Livesey) writes:\n|> \n|> >Pardon me?   *I* am trying to apply human terms to non-humans?\n|> \n|> That\'s right.  You are basically stating that morality can only deal with\n|> humans, because only humans are sentient enough to be moral (that is,\n|> you say that morality can only deal with intentions?).\n\nI have never said that only humans are the only beings which are\nsufficiently sentient to have intentions.   In fact, I have explicitly\nsaid that I am perfectly happy to consider that some animals *are*\ncapable of forming intentions.\n\nWhat I am objecting to is considering programmed or instinctive\nbehaviour to have moral significance, since, it seems to me, \nsuch behaviour does *not* involve intention.\n\n|> \n|> >>I think that even if someone is not conscious of an alternative, \n|> >>this does not prevent his behavior from being moral.\n|> >I\'m sure you do think this, if you say so.   How about trying to\n|> >convince me?\n|> \n|> I think that a moral act is moral whether or not the implementor \n|> thinks it is.\n\nThat\'s not the point.   The point is whether the implementor thinks\n*at all*.    The issue is not whether thinking produces opinion A\nor opinion B, but whether thinking takes place, period.\n\n|> \n|> >I\'ve offered, four times, I think, to accept your definition if\n|> >you allow me to ascribe moral significence to the orbital motion\n|> >of the planets.\n|> \n|> Hmm... perhaps you can ascribe it.  I could say that many human actions\n|> are not "natural" and thus don\'t follow a natural morality.\n\nSince humans are part of nature, are not all human actions "natural".\n\nOr perhaps you\'re going to throw in a definition of "natural" that\nwill allow us to describe some actions as "natural" and some as \n"not natural".   If so, what is the definition?\n\n\n|> Other than those death which surround mating rituals, other animals \n|> just don\'t kill each other (within a species) that often, do they?  \n\nSure they do, as multiple posters have show you.   Sharks, for example,\neat wounded sharks.   I\'ve personally seen cats eat their newborn.\n\nAre you in some kind of denial?   People give you example after example,\nand you go off the air for a week, and then pop up claiming that it \nnever happened.    It\'s very strange.\n\n|> But why don\'t animals kill each other?\n\nSee what I mean.   Here we go again.   What do we have to do: write\nup a tailor-made FAQ just for Mr Schneider?\n\njon.\n',
  u'From: lee@hobbes.cs.umass.edu (Peter Lee)\nSubject: Re: QuickTime performance (was Re: Rumours about 3DO ???)\n\t<1993Apr16.212441.34125@rchland.ibm.com>\n\t<1993Apr26.170915.15833@waikato.ac.nz>\nReply-To: lee@cs.umass.edu\nOrganization: Software Development Lab, UMass, Amherst\nLines: 108\nIn-reply-to: ldo@waikato.ac.nz\'s message of 26 Apr 93 05:09:15 GMT\n\nIn article <1993Apr26.170915.15833@waikato.ac.nz> ldo@waikato.ac.nz (Lawrence D\'Oliveiro, Waikato University) writes:\n\n   Path: dime!ymir.cs.umass.edu!nic.umass.edu!noc.near.net!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!decwrl!waikato.ac.nz!ldo\n   From: ldo@waikato.ac.nz (Lawrence D\'Oliveiro, Waikato University)\n   Newsgroups: comp.multimedia,comp.graphics\n   Date: 26 Apr 93 05:09:15 GMT\n   References: <1993Mar31.074502.3590@aragorn.unibe.ch>  <1993Apr16.212441.34125@rchland.ibm.com>\n   Organization: University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand\n   Lines: 67\n   Xref: dime comp.multimedia:6358 comp.graphics:32606\n\n   OK, with all the discussion about observed playback speeds with QuickTime,\n   the effects of scaling and so on, I thought I\'d do some more tests.\n\n   First of all, I felt that my original speed test was perhaps less than\n   realistic. The movie I had been using only had 18 frames in it (it was a\n   version of the very first movie I created with the Compact Video compressor).\n   I decided something a little longer would give closer to real-world results\n   (for better or for worse).\n\n   I pulled out a copy of "2001: A Space Odyssey" that I had recorded off TV\n   a while back. About fifteen minutes into the movie, there\'s a sequence where\n   the Earth shuttle is approaching the space station. Specifically, I digitized\n   a portion of about 30 seconds\' duration, zooming in on the rotating space\n   station. I figured this would give a reasonable amount of movement between\n   frames. To increase the differences between frames, I digitized it at only\n   5 frames per second, to give a total of 171 frames.\n\n   I captured the raw footage at a resolution of 384*288 pixels with the Spigot\n   card in my Centris 650 (quarter-size resolution from a PAL source). I then\n   imported it into Premiere and put it through the Compact Video compressor,\n   keeping the 5 fps frame rate. I created two versions of the movie: one scaled\n   to 320*240 resolution, the other at 160*120 resolution. I used the default\n   "2.00" quality setting in Premiere 2.0.1, and specified a key frame every ten\n   frames.\n\n   I then ran the 320*240 movie through the same "Raw Speed Test" program I used\n   for the results I\'d been reporting earlier.\n\n   Result: a playback rate of over 45 frames per second.\n\n   That\'s right, I was getting a much higher result than with that first short\n   test movie. Just for fun, I copied the 320*240 movie to my external hard\n   disk (a Quantum LP105S), and ran it from there. This time the playback rate\n   was only about 35 frames per second. Obviously the 230MB internal hard disk\n   (also a Quantum) is a significant contributor to the speed of playback.\n\n   I modified my speed test program to allow the specification of optional\n   scaling factors, and tried playing back the 160*120 movie scaled to 320*240\n   size. This time the playback speed was over 60 fps. Clearly, the poster who\n   observed poor performance on scaled playback was seeing QuickTime 1.0 in\n   action, not 1.5. I\'d try my tests with QuickTime 1.0, but I don\'t think it\'s\n   entirely compatible with my Centris and System 7.1...\n\n   Unscaled, the playback rate for the 160*120 movie was over 100 fps.\n\n   The other thing I tried was saving versions of the 320*240 movie with\n   "preferred" playback rates greater than 1.0, and seeing how well they played\n   from within MoviePlayer (ie with QuickTime\'s normal synchronized playback).\n   A preferred rate of 9.0 (=> 45 fps) didn\'t work too well: the playback was\n   very jerky. Compare this with the raw speed test, which achieved 45 fps with\n   ease. I can\'t believe that QuickTime\'s synchronization code would add this\n   much overhead: I think the slowdown was coming from the Mac system\'s task\n   switching.\n\n   A preferred rate of 7.0 (=> 35 fps) seemed to work fine: I couldn\'t see\n   any evidence of stutter. At 8.0 (=> 40 fps) I *think* I could see slight\n   stutter, but with four key frames every second, it was hard to tell.\n\n   I guess I could try recreating the movies with a longer interval between the\n   key frames, to make the stutter more noticeable. Of course, this will also\n   improve the compression slightly, which should speed up the playback performance\n   even more...\n\n   Lawrence D\'Oliveiro                       fone: +64-7-856-2889\n   Computer Services Dept                     fax: +64-7-838-4066\n   University of Waikato            electric mail: ldo@waikato.ac.nz\n   Hamilton, New Zealand    37^ 47\' 26" S, 175^ 19\' 7" E, GMT+12:00\n\n\nI\'m afraid I missed the start of this thread, but there are three factors that\ncan significantly affect QuickTime\'s playback speed that you may want to take\ninto account:\n\n(1) playback bit depth (things are fastest when you play a\nmovie back at the bit depth it was compressed for, this is usually 8 or 16\nbit, but other depths are (of course) possible).\n\n(2) type of scaling (QT is optimized for "double size" scaling, other scaling\nfactors hit peformance much harder).\n\n(3) playback window position (MoviePlayer limits your window placement choices\nto advantagous pixel boundaries by default, I\'m not sure about Premiere).\n\nAny combination of those can radically alter playback performance.  Image size\nis, of course, another biggie.  Giving the movie player lots of RAM can also\nmake a real difference.\n\nForgive me if these were mentioned earlier in the thread...\n\n-Peter Lee\n\n \n--\n/-------------------- Peter E. Lee, Software Conductor ----------------------\\\n|                       Specular International, Inc.                         |\n|       lee@cs.umass.edu or (413) 256-1329 (H) or (413) 549-7600 (W)         |\n\\-------- Beauty is 24 bits deep, plus eight bits of alpha channel ----------/\n',
  u"Subject: XLib and 24 Bit Displays [Info Needed]\t\nFrom: sl0pr@riverdale.enet.dec.com (869883 Thakkar Rahul Chandrakant)\nReply-To: sl0pr@riverdale.enet.dec.com (869883 Thakkar Rahul Chandrakant)\nDistribution: world\nOrganization: Digital Equipment Corporation\nKeywords: Xlib\nNntp-Posting-Host: riverdale.declab.usu.edu\nLines: 23\n\nHi,\n\nMy name is rahul and I am doing MS at USU, Logan\nMy query is:\n\tI have a HP workstation: HP Series 400 with X running on it.\nI have a true color - 24bit color monitor connected to this machine.\nNormally I have the capability to display 256 colors from a max of\n16.7 million. Since the monitor is True Color I can see 16.7\nmillion at a time. \nQue: do we have a facility in X(c-function call) that will enable me\nto specify any RGB combination and see it on screen? I am using\nXStoreColor to set the pallette of a max of 256 colors.\nQue: If not. Is there any way I can display a true color image\non a true color monitor using XLib function calls?\n\nWe are generating ray traced images and 256 colors are indeed a\npainful limit. besides I need the facility to display the true color images \ni will be generating on a true color system WITHOUT color \nquantification.\nPlease, if anyone can help i'd be obliged\n\nRahul\nsl0pr@cc.usu.edu\n",
  u'From: exuptr@exu.ericsson.se (Patrick Taylor, The Sounding Board)\nSubject: Re: A Message for you Mr. President: How do you know what happened?\nNntp-Posting-Host: 138.85.253.85\nOrganization: Ericsson Network Systems, Inc.\nX-Disclaimer: This article was posted by a user at Ericsson.\n              Any opinions expressed are strictly those of the\n              user and not necessarily those of Ericsson.\nLines: 19\n\nIn article <C5uvqo.GB7@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> rwd4f@poe.acc.Virginia.EDU (Rob Dobson) writes:\n>In article <sandvik-190493200323@sandvik-kent.apple.com> sandvik@newton.apple.com (Kent Sandvik) writes:\n\n>>I\'m mostly angry why the Davidians didn\'t spare the children the\n>>awful suffering. See my other posting, I\'m in a bad temper.\n\n>Well, dozens of children left the compound between the original BATF assualt\n>and the FBI assault 7 weeks later. So if Koresh really wanted to kill\n>children, why did he let so many go?\n\nWord is that the ones he let go were not his.\n---\n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n ---------Visit the SOUNDING BOARD BBS +1 214 596 2915, a Wildcat! BBS-------\n\n    "Foot" the Bill:  let\'s get a new President.\n\n    Patrick Taylor, Ericsson Network Systems  THX-1138\n    exuptr@exu.ericsson.se                    "Don\'t let the .se fool you"\n',
  ...],
 'description': 'the 20 newsgroups by date dataset',
 'filenames': array([ '/Users/zonemercy/scikit_learn_data/20news_home/20news-bydate-train/alt.atheism/53184',
        '/Users/zonemercy/scikit_learn_data/20news_home/20news-bydate-train/comp.graphics/37932',
        '/Users/zonemercy/scikit_learn_data/20news_home/20news-bydate-test/comp.graphics/38933',
        ...,
        '/Users/zonemercy/scikit_learn_data/20news_home/20news-bydate-train/sci.space/60916',
        '/Users/zonemercy/scikit_learn_data/20news_home/20news-bydate-train/comp.graphics/38737',
        '/Users/zonemercy/scikit_learn_data/20news_home/20news-bydate-test/comp.graphics/39022'], 
       dtype='|S97'),
 'target': array([0, 1, 1, ..., 2, 1, 1]),
 'target_names': ['alt.atheism',
  'comp.graphics',
  'sci.space',
  'talk.religion.misc']}