In [11]:

    

"""
XKCD plot generator
-------------------
Author: Jake Vanderplas

This is a script that will take any matplotlib line diagram, and convert it
to an XKCD-style plot.  It will work for plots with line & text elements,
including axes labels and titles (but not axes tick labels).

The idea for this comes from work by Damon McDougall
  http://www.mail-archive.com/matplotlib-users@lists.sourceforge.net/msg25499.html
"""
import numpy as np
import pylab as pl
from scipy import interpolate, signal
import matplotlib.font_manager as fm


# We need a special font for the code below.  It can be downloaded this way:
import os
#import urllib2
from urllib.request import urlopen
if not os.path.exists('/home/zas/.fonts/Humor-Sans.ttf'):
    fhandle = urlopen('http://antiyawn.com/uploads/Humor-Sans-1.0.ttf')
    open('Humor-Sans.ttf', 'wb').write(fhandle.read())

    
def xkcd_line(x, y, xlim=None, ylim=None,
              mag=1.0, f1=30, f2=0.05, f3=15):
    """
    Mimic a hand-drawn line from (x, y) data

    Parameters
    ----------
    x, y : array_like
        arrays to be modified
    xlim, ylim : data range
        the assumed plot range for the modification.  If not specified,
        they will be guessed from the  data
    mag : float
        magnitude of distortions
    f1, f2, f3 : int, float, int
        filtering parameters.  f1 gives the size of the window, f2 gives
        the high-frequency cutoff, f3 gives the size of the filter
    
    Returns
    -------
    x, y : ndarrays
        The modified lines
    """
    x = np.asarray(x)
    y = np.asarray(y)
    
    # get limits for rescaling
    if xlim is None:
        xlim = (x.min(), x.max())
    if ylim is None:
        ylim = (y.min(), y.max())

    if xlim[1] == xlim[0]:
        xlim = ylim
        
    if ylim[1] == ylim[0]:
        ylim = xlim

    # scale the data
    x_scaled = (x - xlim[0]) * 1. / (xlim[1] - xlim[0])
    y_scaled = (y - ylim[0]) * 1. / (ylim[1] - ylim[0])

    # compute the total distance along the path
    dx = x_scaled[1:] - x_scaled[:-1]
    dy = y_scaled[1:] - y_scaled[:-1]
    dist_tot = np.sum(np.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy))

    # number of interpolated points is proportional to the distance
    Nu = int(200 * dist_tot)
    u = np.arange(-1, Nu + 1) * 1. / (Nu - 1)

    # interpolate curve at sampled points
    k = min(3, len(x) - 1)
    res = interpolate.splprep([x_scaled, y_scaled], s=0, k=k)
    x_int, y_int = interpolate.splev(u, res[0]) 

    # we'll perturb perpendicular to the drawn line
    dx = x_int[2:] - x_int[:-2]
    dy = y_int[2:] - y_int[:-2]
    dist = np.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)

    # create a filtered perturbation
    coeffs = mag * np.random.normal(0, 0.01, len(x_int) - 2)
    b = signal.firwin(f1, f2 * dist_tot, window=('kaiser', f3))
    response = signal.lfilter(b, 1, coeffs)

    x_int[1:-1] += response * dy / dist
    y_int[1:-1] += response * dx / dist

    # un-scale data
    x_int = x_int[1:-1] * (xlim[1] - xlim[0]) + xlim[0]
    y_int = y_int[1:-1] * (ylim[1] - ylim[0]) + ylim[0]
    
    return x_int, y_int


def XKCDify(ax, mag=1.0,
            f1=50, f2=0.01, f3=15,
            bgcolor='w',
            xaxis_loc=None,
            yaxis_loc=None,
            xaxis_arrow='+',
            yaxis_arrow='+',
            ax_extend=0.1,
            expand_axes=False):
    """Make axis look hand-drawn

    This adjusts all lines, text, legends, and axes in the figure to look
    like xkcd plots.  Other plot elements are not modified.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    ax : Axes instance
        the axes to be modified.
    mag : float
        the magnitude of the distortion
    f1, f2, f3 : int, float, int
        filtering parameters.  f1 gives the size of the window, f2 gives
        the high-frequency cutoff, f3 gives the size of the filter
    xaxis_loc, yaxis_log : float
        The locations to draw the x and y axes.  If not specified, they
        will be drawn from the bottom left of the plot
    xaxis_arrow, yaxis_arrow : str
        where to draw arrows on the x/y axes.  Options are '+', '-', '+-', or ''
    ax_extend : float
        How far (fractionally) to extend the drawn axes beyond the original
        axes limits
    expand_axes : bool
        if True, then expand axes to fill the figure (useful if there is only
        a single axes in the figure)
    """
    # Get axes aspect
    ext = ax.get_window_extent().extents
    aspect = (ext[3] - ext[1]) / (ext[2] - ext[0])

    xlim = ax.get_xlim()
    ylim = ax.get_ylim()

    xspan = xlim[1] - xlim[0]
    yspan = ylim[1] - xlim[0]

    xax_lim = (xlim[0] - ax_extend * xspan,
               xlim[1] + ax_extend * xspan)
    yax_lim = (ylim[0] - ax_extend * yspan,
               ylim[1] + ax_extend * yspan)

    if xaxis_loc is None:
        xaxis_loc = ylim[0]

    if yaxis_loc is None:
        yaxis_loc = xlim[0]

    # Draw axes
    xaxis = pl.Line2D([xax_lim[0], xax_lim[1]], [xaxis_loc, xaxis_loc],
                      linestyle='-', color='k')
    yaxis = pl.Line2D([yaxis_loc, yaxis_loc], [yax_lim[0], yax_lim[1]],
                      linestyle='-', color='k')

    # Label axes3, 0.5, 'hello', fontsize=14)
    ax.text(xax_lim[1], xaxis_loc - 0.02 * yspan, ax.get_xlabel(),
            fontsize=14, ha='right', va='top', rotation=12)
    ax.text(yaxis_loc - 0.02 * xspan, yax_lim[1], ax.get_ylabel(),
            fontsize=14, ha='right', va='top', rotation=78)
    ax.set_xlabel('')
    ax.set_ylabel('')

    # Add title
    ax.text(0.5 * (xax_lim[1] + xax_lim[0]), yax_lim[1],
            ax.get_title(),
            ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=16)
    ax.set_title('')

    Nlines = len(ax.lines)
    lines = [xaxis, yaxis] + [ax.lines.pop(0) for i in range(Nlines)]

    for line in lines:
        x, y = line.get_data()

        x_int, y_int = xkcd_line(x, y, xlim, ylim,
                                 mag, f1, f2, f3)

        # create foreground and background line
        lw = line.get_linewidth()
        line.set_linewidth(2 * lw)
        line.set_data(x_int, y_int)

        # don't add background line for axes
        if (line is not xaxis) and (line is not yaxis):
            line_bg = pl.Line2D(x_int, y_int, color=bgcolor,
                                linewidth=8 * lw)

            ax.add_line(line_bg)
        ax.add_line(line)

    # Draw arrow-heads at the end of axes lines
    arr1 = 0.03 * np.array([-1, 0, -1])
    arr2 = 0.02 * np.array([-1, 0, 1])

    arr1[::2] += np.random.normal(0, 0.005, 2)
    arr2[::2] += np.random.normal(0, 0.005, 2)

    x, y = xaxis.get_data()
    if '+' in str(xaxis_arrow):
        ax.plot(x[-1] + arr1 * xspan * aspect,
                y[-1] + arr2 * yspan,
                color='k', lw=2)
    if '-' in str(xaxis_arrow):
        ax.plot(x[0] - arr1 * xspan * aspect,
                y[0] - arr2 * yspan,
                color='k', lw=2)

    x, y = yaxis.get_data()
    if '+' in str(yaxis_arrow):
        ax.plot(x[-1] + arr2 * xspan * aspect,
                y[-1] + arr1 * yspan,
                color='k', lw=2)
    if '-' in str(yaxis_arrow):
        ax.plot(x[0] - arr2 * xspan * aspect,
                y[0] - arr1 * yspan,
                color='k', lw=2)

    # Change all the fonts to humor-sans.
    prop = fm.FontProperties(fname='Humor-Sans.ttf', size=16)
    for text in ax.texts:
        text.set_fontproperties(prop)
    
    # modify legend
    leg = ax.get_legend()
    if leg is not None:
        leg.set_frame_on(False)
        
        for child in leg.get_children():
            if isinstance(child, pl.Line2D):
                x, y = child.get_data()
                child.set_data(xkcd_line(x, y, mag=10, f1=100, f2=0.001))
                child.set_linewidth(2 * child.get_linewidth())
            if isinstance(child, pl.Text):
                child.set_fontproperties(prop)
    
    # Set the axis limits
    ax.set_xlim(xax_lim[0] - 0.1 * xspan,
                xax_lim[1] + 0.1 * xspan)
    ax.set_ylim(yax_lim[0] - 0.1 * yspan,
                yax_lim[1] + 0.1 * yspan)

    # adjust the axes
    ax.set_xticks([])
    ax.set_yticks([])      

    if expand_axes:
        ax.figure.set_facecolor(bgcolor)
        ax.set_axis_off()
        ax.set_position([0, 0, 1, 1])
    
    return ax


    

In [12]:

    

%pylab inline
%matplotlib inline

np.random.seed(0)

ax = pylab.axes()

x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
ax.plot(x, np.sin(x) * np.exp(-0.1 * (x - 5) ** 2), 'b', lw=1, label='damped sine')
ax.plot(x, -np.cos(x) * np.exp(-0.1 * (x - 5) ** 2), 'r', lw=1, label='damped cosine')

ax.set_title('check it out!')
ax.set_xlabel('x label')
ax.set_ylabel('y label')

ax.legend(loc='lower right')

ax.set_xlim(0, 10)
ax.set_ylim(-1.0, 1.0)

#XKCDify the axes -- this operates in-place
XKCDify(ax, xaxis_loc=0.0, yaxis_loc=1.0,
        xaxis_arrow='+-', yaxis_arrow='+-',
        expand_axes=True)


    

    




Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib






    
Out[12]:





<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x7f6cf1c4a470>






    




Error in callback <function install_repl_displayhook.<locals>.post_execute at 0x7f6cff2a5730> (for post_execute):






    




---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileNotFoundError                         Traceback (most recent call last)
~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py in post_execute()
    147             def post_execute():
    148                 if matplotlib.is_interactive():
--> 149                     draw_all()
    150 
    151             # IPython >= 2

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.py in draw_all(cls, force)
    134         for f_mgr in cls.get_all_fig_managers():
    135             if force or f_mgr.canvas.figure.stale:
--> 136                 f_mgr.canvas.draw_idle()
    137 
    138 atexit.register(Gcf.destroy_all)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py in draw_idle(self, *args, **kwargs)
   2053         if not self._is_idle_drawing:
   2054             with self._idle_draw_cntx():
-> 2055                 self.draw(*args, **kwargs)
   2056 
   2057     def draw_cursor(self, event):

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py in draw(self)
    431             # if toolbar:
    432             #     toolbar.set_cursor(cursors.WAIT)
--> 433             self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
    434             # A GUI class may be need to update a window using this draw, so
    435             # don't forget to call the superclass.

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     53                 renderer.start_filter()
     54 
---> 55             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     56         finally:
     57             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py in draw(self, renderer)
   1473 
   1474             mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
-> 1475                 renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
   1476 
   1477             renderer.close_group('figure')

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
    139     if not_composite or not has_images:
    140         for a in artists:
--> 141             a.draw(renderer)
    142     else:
    143         # Composite any adjacent images together

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     53                 renderer.start_filter()
     54 
---> 55             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     56         finally:
     57             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py in draw(self, renderer, inframe)
   2605             renderer.stop_rasterizing()
   2606 
-> 2607         mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, artists)
   2608 
   2609         renderer.close_group('axes')

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
    139     if not_composite or not has_images:
    140         for a in artists:
--> 141             a.draw(renderer)
    142     else:
    143         # Composite any adjacent images together

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     53                 renderer.start_filter()
     54 
---> 55             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     56         finally:
     57             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/text.py in draw(self, renderer)
    704 
    705         with _wrap_text(self) as textobj:
--> 706             bbox, info, descent = textobj._get_layout(renderer)
    707             trans = textobj.get_transform()
    708 

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/text.py in _get_layout(self, renderer)
    298         tmp, lp_h, lp_bl = renderer.get_text_width_height_descent('lp',
    299                                                          self._fontproperties,
--> 300                                                          ismath=False)
    301         offsety = (lp_h - lp_bl) * self._linespacing
    302 

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath)
    239 
    240         flags = get_hinting_flag()
--> 241         font = self._get_agg_font(prop)
    242         font.set_text(s, 0.0, flags=flags)
    243         w, h = font.get_width_height()  # width and height of unrotated string

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py in _get_agg_font(self, prop)
    274         """
    275         fname = findfont(prop)
--> 276         font = get_font(fname)
    277 
    278         font.clear()

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py in get_font(filename, hinting_factor)
   1384     if hinting_factor is None:
   1385         hinting_factor = rcParams['text.hinting_factor']
-> 1386     return _get_font(filename, hinting_factor)
   1387 
   1388 

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'Humor-Sans.ttf'





    




---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileNotFoundError                         Traceback (most recent call last)
~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/formatters.py in __call__(self, obj)
    339                 pass
    340             else:
--> 341                 return printer(obj)
    342             # Finally look for special method names
    343             method = get_real_method(obj, self.print_method)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/pylabtools.py in <lambda>(fig)
    239 
    240     if 'png' in formats:
--> 241         png_formatter.for_type(Figure, lambda fig: print_figure(fig, 'png', **kwargs))
    242     if 'retina' in formats or 'png2x' in formats:
    243         png_formatter.for_type(Figure, lambda fig: retina_figure(fig, **kwargs))

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/pylabtools.py in print_figure(fig, fmt, bbox_inches, **kwargs)
    123 
    124     bytes_io = BytesIO()
--> 125     fig.canvas.print_figure(bytes_io, **kw)
    126     data = bytes_io.getvalue()
    127     if fmt == 'svg':

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py in print_figure(self, filename, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, format, **kwargs)
   2210                     orientation=orientation,
   2211                     dryrun=True,
-> 2212                     **kwargs)
   2213                 renderer = self.figure._cachedRenderer
   2214                 bbox_inches = self.figure.get_tightbbox(renderer)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py in print_png(self, filename_or_obj, *args, **kwargs)
    511 
    512     def print_png(self, filename_or_obj, *args, **kwargs):
--> 513         FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
    514         renderer = self.get_renderer()
    515         original_dpi = renderer.dpi

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py in draw(self)
    431             # if toolbar:
    432             #     toolbar.set_cursor(cursors.WAIT)
--> 433             self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
    434             # A GUI class may be need to update a window using this draw, so
    435             # don't forget to call the superclass.

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     53                 renderer.start_filter()
     54 
---> 55             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     56         finally:
     57             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py in draw(self, renderer)
   1473 
   1474             mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
-> 1475                 renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
   1476 
   1477             renderer.close_group('figure')

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
    139     if not_composite or not has_images:
    140         for a in artists:
--> 141             a.draw(renderer)
    142     else:
    143         # Composite any adjacent images together

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     53                 renderer.start_filter()
     54 
---> 55             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     56         finally:
     57             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py in draw(self, renderer, inframe)
   2605             renderer.stop_rasterizing()
   2606 
-> 2607         mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, artists)
   2608 
   2609         renderer.close_group('axes')

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
    139     if not_composite or not has_images:
    140         for a in artists:
--> 141             a.draw(renderer)
    142     else:
    143         # Composite any adjacent images together

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     53                 renderer.start_filter()
     54 
---> 55             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     56         finally:
     57             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/text.py in draw(self, renderer)
    704 
    705         with _wrap_text(self) as textobj:
--> 706             bbox, info, descent = textobj._get_layout(renderer)
    707             trans = textobj.get_transform()
    708 

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/text.py in _get_layout(self, renderer)
    298         tmp, lp_h, lp_bl = renderer.get_text_width_height_descent('lp',
    299                                                          self._fontproperties,
--> 300                                                          ismath=False)
    301         offsety = (lp_h - lp_bl) * self._linespacing
    302 

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath)
    239 
    240         flags = get_hinting_flag()
--> 241         font = self._get_agg_font(prop)
    242         font.set_text(s, 0.0, flags=flags)
    243         w, h = font.get_width_height()  # width and height of unrotated string

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py in _get_agg_font(self, prop)
    274         """
    275         fname = findfont(prop)
--> 276         font = get_font(fname)
    277 
    278         font.clear()

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py in get_font(filename, hinting_factor)
   1384     if hinting_factor is None:
   1385         hinting_factor = rcParams['text.hinting_factor']
-> 1386     return _get_font(filename, hinting_factor)
   1387 
   1388 

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'Humor-Sans.ttf'





    






<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>

In [11]:

    

# Some helper functions
def norm(x, x0, sigma):
    return np.exp(-0.5 * (x - x0) ** 2 / sigma ** 2)

def sigmoid(x, x0, alpha):
    return 1. / (1. + np.exp(- (x - x0) / alpha))
    
# define the curves
x = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)
y1 = np.sqrt(norm(x, 0.7, 0.05)) + 0.2 * (1.5 - sigmoid(x, 0.8, 0.05))

y2 = 0.2 * norm(x, 0.5, 0.2) + np.sqrt(norm(x, 0.6, 0.05)) + 0.1 * (1 - sigmoid(x, 0.75, 0.05))

y3 = 0.05 + 1.4 * norm(x, 0.85, 0.08)
y3[x > 0.85] = 0.05 + 1.4 * norm(x[x > 0.85], 0.85, 0.3)

# draw the curves
ax = pl.axes()
ax.plot(x, y1, c='gray')
ax.plot(x, y2, c='blue')
ax.plot(x, y3, c='red')

ax.text(0.3, -0.1, "Yard")
ax.text(0.5, -0.1, "Steps")
ax.text(0.7, -0.1, "Door")
ax.text(0.9, -0.1, "Inside")

ax.text(0.05, 1.1, "fear that\nthere's\nsomething\nbehind me")
ax.plot([0.15, 0.2], [1.0, 0.2], '-k', lw=0.5)

ax.text(0.25, 0.8, "forward\nspeed")
ax.plot([0.32, 0.35], [0.75, 0.35], '-k', lw=0.5)

ax.text(0.9, 0.4, "embarrassment")
ax.plot([1.0, 0.8], [0.55, 1.05], '-k', lw=0.5)

ax.set_title("Walking back to my\nfront door at night:")

ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1.5)

# modify all the axes elements in-place
XKCDify(ax, expand_axes=True)


    

    
Out[11]:





<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x7f9465974d68>






    

In [ ]:

    

i = 1
print i


    

In [ ]: