In [1]:

    

def add(x,y):
    return x+y


    

In [2]:

    

add(5,6)


    

    
Out[2]:





11

In [ ]:

    

#Function name: add


    

In [5]:

    

import math
def hyp(a,b):
    c=(a**2) + (b**2)
    x=math.sqrt(c) #math.sqrt(c):return the square root of c
    return x


    

In [6]:

    

hyp(3,4)


    

    
Out[6]:





5.0

In [7]:

    

def calc_hypotenuse(a,b):
    return math.sqrt(a**2)+(b**2)


    

In [8]:

    

l = [1,2,"acb"]


    

In [9]:

    

type(l)


    

    
Out[9]:





list

In [10]:

    

l.append('def')


    

In [11]:

    

l


    

    
Out[11]:





[1, 2, 'acb', 'def']

In [ ]:

    

#append(object)to a list


    

In [12]:

    

l.extend(['ghi',3,4])


    

In [13]:

    

l


    

    
Out[13]:





[1, 2, 'acb', 'def', 'ghi', 3, 4]

In [14]:

    

l.append([1,2,3])


    

In [15]:

    

l


    

    
Out[15]:





[1, 2, 'acb', 'def', 'ghi', 3, 4, [1, 2, 3]]

In [ ]:

    

#extend(list):extend original list with elements of specified in list


    

In [19]:

    

l.insert(3,'jane')


    

In [20]:

    

l


    

    
Out[20]:





[1, 2, 'acb', 'jane', 'jane', 'def', 'ghi', 3, 4, [1, 2, 3]]

In [ ]:

    

#inser(index,object)-insert object at specified


    

In [26]:

    

p = l.pop()


    

In [27]:

    

l


    

    
Out[27]:





[1, 2, 'acb', 'jane', 'jane', 'def', 'ghi']

In [28]:

    

p


    

    
Out[28]:





3

In [29]:

    

l.pop(2) #pop ([index])-pop element from the list at the index


    

    
Out[29]:





'acb'

In [ ]:

    

#remove(value)


    

In [30]:

    

l.remove(4)


    

    




---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-30-b6d11d460bb8> in <module>()
----> 1 l.remove(4)

ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list

In [31]:

    

l.pop(2)


    

    
Out[31]:





'jane'

In [32]:

    

l.reverse() #reverse


    

In [33]:

    

l


    

    
Out[33]:





['ghi', 'def', 'jane', 2, 1]

In [34]:

    

l.index(1)


    

    
Out[34]:





4

In [35]:

    

student={'name':'Richard','school':'Columbia'}


    

In [36]:

    

student[0] #the key 0 doesn't exist, that's why there's an error


    

    




---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-36-ada7f1f882f3> in <module>()
----> 1 student[0]

KeyError: 0

In [37]:

    

student['name']


    

    
Out[37]:





'Richard'

In [40]:

    

shows={'firefly':['mal','kaylee','inara'],'battlestar galatica':['starbuck']}


    

In [41]:

    

shows['firefly']


    

    
Out[41]:





['mal', 'kaylee', 'inara']

In [45]:

    

for show,characters in shows.items():
    print ('In the show', show,'there are the characters',','.join(characters))


    

    




In the show firefly there are the characters mal,kaylee,inara
In the show battlestar galatica there are the characters starbuck

In [ ]:

    

#.join(list):output: string


    

In [46]:

    

from collections import defaultdict


    

In [47]:

    

d = defaultdict(str)


    

In [48]:

    

d


    

    
Out[48]:





defaultdict(str, {})

In [49]:

    

d['ak']='alaska'


    

In [50]:

    

d


    

    
Out[50]:





defaultdict(str, {'ak': 'alaska'})

In [51]:

    

d['az']='arizona'


    

In [52]:

    

d


    

    
Out[52]:





defaultdict(str, {'ak': 'alaska', 'az': 'arizona'})

In [53]:

    

d[0] #0 is an empty string


    

    
Out[53]:





''

In [54]:

    

d


    

    
Out[54]:





defaultdict(str, {0: '', 'az': 'arizona', 'ak': 'alaska'})

In [ ]: