Wait before looking at the solution! Try harder if you can!
This is a Python notebook in which you will practice the concepts learned during the lectures.
Create a TFile containing three histograms filled with random numbers distributed according to a Gaus, an exponential and a uniform distribution. Close the file: you will reopen it later.
In [1]:
import ROOT
rndm = ROOT.TRandom3(1)
f = ROOT.TFile("histos.root","RECREATE")
hg = ROOT.TH1F("gaus","Gaussian numbers", 64, -4, 4)
he = ROOT.TH1F("expo","Exponential numbers", 64, -4, 4)
hu = ROOT.TH1F("unif","Uniform numbers", 64, -4, 4)
for i in xrange(1024):
hg.Fill(rndm.Gaus())
he.Fill(rndm.Exp(1))
hu.Fill(rndm.Uniform(-4,4))
for h in (hg, he, hu): h.Write()
f.Close()
Welcome to JupyROOT 6.10/06
Now, you can invoke the ls command from within the notebook to list the files in this directory. Check that the file is there. You can invoke the rootls command to see what's inside the file.
In [2]:
! ls .
! echo Now listing the content of the file
! rootls -l ./histos.root
histos.root WritingOnFiles.ipynb WritingOnFiles_Solution.ipynb
Now listing the content of the file
TH1F Dec 05 10:21 expo "Exponential numbers"
TH1F Dec 05 10:21 gaus "Gaussian numbers"
TH1F Dec 05 10:21 unif "Uniform numbers"
Access the histograms and draw them in Python. Remember that you need to create a TCanvas before and draw it too in order to inline the plots in the notebooks. You can switch to the interactive JavaScript visualisation using the %jsroot on "magic" command.
In [3]:
%jsroot on
f = ROOT.TFile("histos.root")
c = ROOT.TCanvas()
c.Divide(2,2)
c.cd(1)
f.gaus.Draw()
c.cd(2)
f.expo.Draw()
c.cd(3)
f.unif.Draw()
c.Draw() # Draw the Canvas
You can now repeat the exercise above using C++. Transform the cell in a C++ cell using the %%cpp "magic".
In [4]:
%%cpp
TFile f("histos.root");
TH1F *hg, *he, *hu;
f.GetObject("gaus", hg);
f.GetObject("expo", he);
f.GetObject("unif", hu);
TCanvas c;
c.Divide(2,2);
c.cd(1);
hg->Draw();
c.cd(2);
he->Draw();
c.cd(3);
hu->Draw();
c.Draw(); // Draw the Canvas
ROOT provides a different kind of TFile, TXMLFile. It has the same interface and it's very useful to better understand how objects are written in files by ROOT. Repeat the exercise above, either on Python or C++ - your choice, using a TXMLFILE rather than a TFile and then display its content with the cat command. Can you see how the content of the individual bins of the histograms is stored? And the colour of its markers? Do you understand why the xml file is bigger than the root one even if they have the same content?
In [5]:
f = ROOT.TXMLFile("histos.xml","RECREATE")
hg = ROOT.TH1F("gaus","Gaussian numbers", 64, -4, 4)
he = ROOT.TH1F("expo","Exponential numbers", 64, -4, 4)
hu = ROOT.TH1F("unif","Uniform numbers", 64, -4, 4)
for i in xrange(1024):
hg.Fill(rndm.Gaus())
he.Fill(rndm.Exp(1))
hu.Fill(rndm.Uniform(-4,4))
for h in (hg, he, hu): h.Write()
f.Close()
In [6]:
! ls -l histos.xml histos.root
-rw-r--r--. 1 dpiparo 1399 4675 Dec 5 10:21 histos.root
-rw-r--r--. 1 dpiparo 1399 34227 Dec 5 11:25 histos.xml
In [7]:
! cat histos.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root setup="2xoo" ref="null" created="2017-12-05 11:25:03" modified="2017-12-05 11:25:03" uuid="8eab2aaa-d9a6-11e7-9464-060011acbeef" title="title" version="3" file_version="61006">
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