In [1]:

    

import pandas as pd


    

In [2]:

    

df = pd.DataFrame({'a': range(1, 6),
                   'b': [x**2 for x in range(1, 6)],
                   'c': [x**3 for x in range(1, 6)]})


    

In [3]:

    

print(df)


    

    




   a   b    c
0  1   1    1
1  2   4    8
2  3   9   27
3  4  16   64
4  5  25  125

In [4]:

    

print(df.diff())


    

    




     a    b     c
0  NaN  NaN   NaN
1  1.0  3.0   7.0
2  1.0  5.0  19.0
3  1.0  7.0  37.0
4  1.0  9.0  61.0

In [5]:

    

print(df.diff(1))


    

    




     a    b     c
0  NaN  NaN   NaN
1  1.0  3.0   7.0
2  1.0  5.0  19.0
3  1.0  7.0  37.0
4  1.0  9.0  61.0

In [6]:

    

print(df.diff(2))


    

    




     a     b     c
0  NaN   NaN   NaN
1  NaN   NaN   NaN
2  2.0   8.0  26.0
3  2.0  12.0  56.0
4  2.0  16.0  98.0

In [7]:

    

print(df.diff(-1))


    

    




     a    b     c
0 -1.0 -3.0  -7.0
1 -1.0 -5.0 -19.0
2 -1.0 -7.0 -37.0
3 -1.0 -9.0 -61.0
4  NaN  NaN   NaN

In [8]:

    

print(df.diff(axis=1))


    

    




    a     b      c
0 NaN   0.0    0.0
1 NaN   2.0    4.0
2 NaN   6.0   18.0
3 NaN  12.0   48.0
4 NaN  20.0  100.0

In [9]:

    

print(df.diff(-1, axis=1))


    

    




      a      b   c
0   0.0    0.0 NaN
1  -2.0   -4.0 NaN
2  -6.0  -18.0 NaN
3 -12.0  -48.0 NaN
4 -20.0 -100.0 NaN

In [10]:

    

print(df.diff(2).dropna())


    

    




     a     b     c
2  2.0   8.0  26.0
3  2.0  12.0  56.0
4  2.0  16.0  98.0

In [11]:

    

print(df.diff(2).fillna(0))


    

    




     a     b     c
0  0.0   0.0   0.0
1  0.0   0.0   0.0
2  2.0   8.0  26.0
3  2.0  12.0  56.0
4  2.0  16.0  98.0

In [12]:

    

print(df.diff(2).fillna(method='bfill'))


    

    




     a     b     c
0  2.0   8.0  26.0
1  2.0   8.0  26.0
2  2.0   8.0  26.0
3  2.0  12.0  56.0
4  2.0  16.0  98.0

In [13]:

    

df['b_diff'] = df['b'].diff(-1)
print(df)


    

    




   a   b    c  b_diff
0  1   1    1    -3.0
1  2   4    8    -5.0
2  3   9   27    -7.0
3  4  16   64    -9.0
4  5  25  125     NaN