In [1]:

    

s = format(255, '04x')
print(s)
print(type(s))


    

    




00ff
<class 'str'>

In [2]:

    

print(format('center', '*^16'))


    

    




*****center*****

In [3]:

    

s = '{:04x}'.format(255)
print(s)
print(type(s))


    

    




00ff
<class 'str'>

In [4]:

    

print('{:*^16}'.format('center'))


    

    




*****center*****

In [5]:

    

print('{}-{}-{}'.format('100', '二百', 300))


    

    




100-二百-300

In [6]:

    

print('{0}-{1}-{0}'.format('foo', 'bar'))


    

    




foo-bar-foo

In [7]:

    

print('{year}年{month}月{day}日'.format(year=2018, month=1, day=11))


    

    




2018年1月11日

In [8]:

    

l = ['one', 'two', 'three']
print('{0[0]}-{0[1]}-{0[2]}'.format(l))


    

    




one-two-three

In [9]:

    

d1 = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 20}
d2 = {'name': 'Bob', 'age': 30}
print('{0[name]} is {0[age]} years old.\n{1[name]} is {1[age]} years old.'.format(d1, d2))


    

    




Alice is 20 years old.
Bob is 30 years old.

In [10]:

    

l = ['one', 'two', 'three']
print('{}-{}-{}'.format(*l))


    

    




one-two-three

In [11]:

    

d = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 20}
print('{name} is {age} years old.'.format(**d))


    

    




Alice is 20 years old.

In [12]:

    

print('{{}}-{num}-{{{num}}}'.format(num=100))


    

    




{}-100-{100}

In [13]:

    

print('{num:x}'.format(num=255))


    

    




ff

In [14]:

    

print('{year}年{month:02}月{day:02}日'.format(year=2018, month=1, day=11))


    

    




2018年01月11日

In [15]:

    

print('left  : {:<10}'.format(100))
print('center: {:^10}'.format(100))
print('right : {:>10}'.format(100))


    

    




left  : 100       
center:    100    
right :        100

In [16]:

    

print('left  : {:*<10}'.format(100))
print('center: {:a^10}'.format(100))
print('right : {:鬼>10}'.format(100))


    

    




left  : 100*******
center: aaa100aaaa
right : 鬼鬼鬼鬼鬼鬼鬼100

In [17]:

    

print('sign: {:0>10}'.format(-100))
print('sign: {:0=10}'.format(-100))
print('sign: {:0=+10}'.format(100))


    

    




sign: 000000-100
sign: -000000100
sign: +000000100

In [18]:

    

# print('sign: {:0=10}'.format('-100'))
# ValueError: '=' alignment not allowed in string format specifier


    

In [19]:

    

print('sign: {:0=10}'.format(int('-100')))


    

    




sign: -000000100

In [20]:

    

print('left  : {:*<10}'.format(1.23))
print('center: {:a^10}'.format(1.23))
print('right : {:鬼>10}'.format(1.23))


    

    




left  : 1.23******
center: aaa1.23aaa
right : 鬼鬼鬼鬼鬼鬼1.23

In [21]:

    

print('sign: {:0>10}'.format(-1.23))
print('sign: {:0=10}'.format(-1.23))
print('sign: {:0=+10}'.format(1.23))


    

    




sign: 00000-1.23
sign: -000001.23
sign: +000001.23

In [22]:

    

print('zero padding: {:0=10}'.format(100))
print('zero padding: {:010}'.format(100))


    

    




zero padding: 0000000100
zero padding: 0000000100

In [23]:

    

print('zero padding: {:0=10}'.format(-100))
print('zero padding: {:010}'.format(-100))


    

    




zero padding: -000000100
zero padding: -000000100

In [24]:

    

# print('zero padding: {:010}'.format('-100'))
# ValueError: '=' alignment not allowed in string format specifier


    

In [25]:

    

print('sign: {}'.format(100))
print('sign: {}'.format(-100))


    

    




sign: 100
sign: -100

In [26]:

    

print('sign: {:+}'.format(100))
print('sign: {:+}'.format(-100))


    

    




sign: +100
sign: -100

In [27]:

    

print('sign: {: }'.format(100))
print('sign: {: }'.format(-100))


    

    




sign:  100
sign: -100

In [28]:

    

print('sign: {:06}'.format(100))
print('sign: {:06}'.format(-100))


    

    




sign: 000100
sign: -00100

In [29]:

    

print('sign: {:+06}'.format(100))
print('sign: {:+06}'.format(-100))


    

    




sign: +00100
sign: -00100

In [30]:

    

print('sign: {: 06}'.format(100))
print('sign: {: 06}'.format(-100))


    

    




sign:  00100
sign: -00100

In [31]:

    

print('sign: {:_>6}'.format(100))
print('sign: {:_>6}'.format(-100))


    

    




sign: ___100
sign: __-100

In [32]:

    

print('sign: {:_>+6}'.format(100))
print('sign: {:_>+6}'.format(-100))


    

    




sign: __+100
sign: __-100

In [33]:

    

print('sign: {:_> 6}'.format(100))
print('sign: {:_> 6}'.format(-100))


    

    




sign: __ 100
sign: __-100

In [34]:

    

print('{:,}'.format(100000000))


    

    




100,000,000

In [35]:

    

print('{:_}'.format(100000000))


    

    




100_000_000

In [36]:

    

print('{:,}'.format(1234.56789))


    

    




1,234.56789

In [37]:

    

print('bin: {:b}'.format(255))
print('oct: {:o}'.format(255))
print('dec: {:d}'.format(255))
print('hex: {:x}'.format(255))
print('HEX: {:X}'.format(255))


    

    




bin: 11111111
oct: 377
dec: 255
hex: ff
HEX: FF

In [38]:

    

print('bin: {:08b}'.format(255))
print('oct: {:08o}'.format(255))
print('dec: {:08d}'.format(255))
print('hex: {:08x}'.format(255))
print('HEX: {:08X}'.format(255))


    

    




bin: 11111111
oct: 00000377
dec: 00000255
hex: 000000ff
HEX: 000000FF

In [39]:

    

print('bin: {:#010b}'.format(255))
print('oct: {:#010o}'.format(255))
print('dec: {:#010d}'.format(255))
print('hex: {:#010x}'.format(255))
print('HEX: {:#010X}'.format(255))


    

    




bin: 0b11111111
oct: 0o00000377
dec: 0000000255
hex: 0x000000ff
HEX: 0X000000FF

In [40]:

    

print('hex: {:08x}'.format(255))
print('hex: {:09_x}'.format(255))
print('hex: {:#011_x}'.format(255))


    

    




hex: 000000ff
hex: 0000_00ff
hex: 0x0000_00ff

In [41]:

    

# print('hex: {:08x}'.format('255'))
# ValueError: Unknown format code 'X' for object of type 'str'


    

In [42]:

    

print('hex: {:08x}'.format(int('255')))


    

    




hex: 000000ff

In [43]:

    

print('{:.2f}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.5f}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.3f}'.format(0.0001234))


    

    




123.46
123.45600
0.000

In [44]:

    

print('{:>12.5f}'.format(123.456))
print('{:012.5f}'.format(123.456))
print('{:06.5f}'.format(123.456))


    

    




   123.45600
000123.45600
123.45600

In [45]:

    

print('{:.0f}'.format(0.4))
print('{:.0f}'.format(0.5))
print('{:.0f}'.format(0.6))


    

    




0
0
1

In [46]:

    

print('{}'.format(0.0001234))
print('{}'.format(0.00001234))


    

    




0.0001234
1.234e-05

In [47]:

    

print('{}'.format(1234000000000000.0))
print('{}'.format(12340000000000000.0))
print('{}'.format(12340000000000000000000000))


    

    




1234000000000000.0
1.234e+16
12340000000000000000000000

In [48]:

    

print('{:e}'.format(0.0001234))
print('{:E}'.format(0.0001234))


    

    




1.234000e-04
1.234000E-04

In [49]:

    

print('{:.5e}'.format(0.0001234))
print('{:.2E}'.format(0.0001234))


    

    




1.23400e-04
1.23E-04

In [50]:

    

print('{:.5e}'.format(987.65))
print('{:.2E}'.format(987.65))


    

    




9.87650e+02
9.88E+02

In [51]:

    

print('{:>12.5e}'.format(987.65))
print('{:012.2E}'.format(987.65))


    

    




 9.87650e+02
00009.88E+02

In [52]:

    

print('{:.2g}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.3g}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.8g}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.3g}'.format(0.0001234))


    

    




1.2e+02
123
123.456
0.000123

In [53]:

    

print('{:.2}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.3}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.8}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.3}'.format(0.0001234))


    

    




1.2e+02
1.23e+02
123.456
0.000123

In [54]:

    

print('{:.3f}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.3e}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.3g}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.3}'.format(123.456))


    

    




123.456
1.235e+02
123
1.23e+02

In [55]:

    

print('{:.8f}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.8e}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.8g}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.8}'.format(123.456))


    

    




123.45600000
1.23456000e+02
123.456
123.456

In [56]:

    

print('{:.4e}'.format(123.456))
print('{:.4e}'.format(0.000012345))
print('{:.4e}'.format(12))


    

    




1.2346e+02
1.2345e-05
1.2000e+01

In [57]:

    

print('{:%}'.format(0.12345))
print('{:.2%}'.format(0.12345))


    

    




12.345000%
12.35%

In [58]:

    

print('{:%}'.format(10))
print('{:.2%}'.format(10))


    

    




1000.000000%
1000.00%

In [59]:

    

print('{:>7.2%}'.format(0.12345))
print('{:07.2%}'.format(0.12345))


    

    




 12.35%
012.35%