Students will analyze the following information and answer questions a long the way in order to learn the different layers of the earth.
Through BBC's website (provided below), students can find further information about the topic of Layers of the Earth http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/tectonic_plates_rev1.shtml
There are four different layers of the earth. Information for this section can be read through Annenberg Learner's website: https://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.html
Use the following image to answer the questions bellow
The following link contains information written by Eugene C. Robertson from USGS.gov, which will help you understand this concept some more https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/interior/
Use the following table to answer the questions below.
The Crust layer of the Earth may be broken into pieces identified as plates. When such plates move,they can produce an earthquake and/or volcano.
To learn the abriviations used for this chart, visit USGS at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/feed/v1.0/csv.php
In [1]:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
In [2]:
# Read in data that will be used for answering some of the questions below
data = pd.read_csv("./significant_month.csv")
In [3]:
# Observe the first 5 rows of the data provided below
data.head(4)
Out[3]:
Earth's internal temperature increases with depth. This increase rate is not linear, though. As shown in the data below, the temperature increases quickly through the crust at about 20°C per kilometer. The temperature then increases more slowly as we descend through the mantle, sharply increases at the base of the mantle, and then increases slowly through the core. The temperature is around 1000°C at the base of the crust, around 3500°C at the base of the mantle, and around 5,000°C at Earth’s center.
In [4]:
# Read the data that will be used for answering the questions below.
data = pd.read_csv("./temp.csv")
In [5]:
# Observe the first 20 rows and plot provided for you below.
data.head(20)
Out[5]:
In [6]:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,3))
plt.plot(data['Depth in km'],data['Temperature in C'])
plt.ylabel('Temperature in C')
plt.xlabel('Depth in km')
plt.annotate('Lithosphere', xy=(0,0), xytext=(90,0))
plt.annotate('Asthenosphere', xy=(100,1100), xytext=(500,1100),
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='yellow', shrink=0.02))
plt.annotate('Mantle', xy=(400,1900), xytext=(1000,1900),
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='green',shrink=0.1))
plt.annotate('Outer Core', xy=(2800,3840), xytext=(3200,3840),
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='orange'))
plt.annotate('Inner Core', xy=(5100,5400), xytext=(5100,4300),
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='red'))
# Note: the arrows on the graph point out where the specific layer begins
Out[6]:
In [8]:
# Observe the following graph, it will also be needed to answer the questions below.
data = pd.read_csv("./Pressure_Data.csv")
# Note: 1 on the y-axis is equal to 1 x 10^6.
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,3))
plt.plot(data['Depth in km'],data['Pressure in bar'], 'r--')
plt.ylabel('Pressure [10^6bar]')
plt.xlabel('Depth [km]')
plt.annotate('Mantle', xy=(1500,1.5))
plt.annotate('Core', xy=(4800,1.0))
Out[8]:
Annenberg Foundation. (2016). Earth's Structure. Retrieved from https://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.html
Earth's Layers [Image]. Retrieved from https://classroom.therefugeecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Pic22.jpg
USGS.gov.. Spreadsheet Format. Retrieved from https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/feed/v1.0/csv.php
Robertson, E. C. (2011, January 14). The Interior of the Earth. Retrieved from https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/interior/
USGS.gov. (2011, January 14). Data on Earth's Interior [Image]. Retrieved from https://apionline.sodapdf.com/Public/widgets/convertmyimage/download/density.jpg
Earle, S. (n.d.). The Temperature of the Earths Interior. Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/9-2-the-temperature-of-earths-interior/
De Aquino, F. (2013, October). The Pressure at Different Depths in the Earth's Interior [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/228377528_fig12_Fig-12-The-pressure-at-different-depths-in-the-Earth%27s-interior
Programmer: Paola Santiago-Crespo Forensic Science Major
Editor: James D. Rivers Biochemistry Major
