Before we get started, a couple of reminders to keep in mind when using iPython notebooks:
In [1]:
import unicodecsv
## Longer version of code (replaced with shorter, equivalent version below)
# enrollments = []
# f = open('enrollments.csv', 'rb')
# reader = unicodecsv.DictReader(f)
# for row in reader:
# enrollments.append(row)
# f.close()
def readme(filename):
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
reader = unicodecsv.DictReader(f)
return list(reader)
In [2]:
#####################################
# 1 #
#####################################
## Read in the data from daily_engagement.csv and project_submissions.csv
## and store the results in the below variables.
## Then look at the first row of each table.
enrollments = readme('enrollments.csv')
daily_engagement = readme('daily_engagement.csv')
project_submissions = readme('project_submissions.csv')
In [3]:
from datetime import datetime as dt
# Takes a date as a string, and returns a Python datetime object.
# If there is no date given, returns None
def parse_date(date):
if date == '':
return None
else:
return dt.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d')
# Takes a string which is either an empty string or represents an integer,
# and returns an int or None.
def parse_maybe_int(i):
if i == '':
return None
else:
return int(i)
# Clean up the data types in the enrollments table
for enrollment in enrollments:
enrollment['cancel_date'] = parse_date(enrollment['cancel_date'])
enrollment['days_to_cancel'] = parse_maybe_int(enrollment['days_to_cancel'])
enrollment['is_canceled'] = enrollment['is_canceled'] == 'True'
enrollment['is_udacity'] = enrollment['is_udacity'] == 'True'
enrollment['join_date'] = parse_date(enrollment['join_date'])
enrollments[0]
Out[3]:
In [4]:
# Clean up the data types in the engagement table
for engagement_record in daily_engagement:
engagement_record['lessons_completed'] = int(float(engagement_record['lessons_completed']))
engagement_record['num_courses_visited'] = int(float(engagement_record['num_courses_visited']))
engagement_record['projects_completed'] = int(float(engagement_record['projects_completed']))
engagement_record['total_minutes_visited'] = float(engagement_record['total_minutes_visited'])
engagement_record['utc_date'] = parse_date(engagement_record['utc_date'])
daily_engagement[0]
Out[4]:
In [5]:
# Clean up the data types in the submissions table
for submission in project_submissions:
submission['completion_date'] = parse_date(submission['completion_date'])
submission['creation_date'] = parse_date(submission['creation_date'])
project_submissions[0]
Out[5]:
In [6]:
#####################################
# 2 #
#####################################
## Find the total number of rows and the number of unique students (account keys)
## in each table.
unique_enrolled_students = set()
for enrollment in enrollments:
unique_enrolled_students.add(enrollment['account_key'])
len(unique_enrolled_students)
Out[6]:
In [7]:
#####################################
# 3 #
#####################################
## Rename the "acct" column in the daily_engagement table to "account_key".
unique_engagement_students = set()
for engagement_record in daily_engagement:
unique_engagement_students.add(engagement_record['account_key'])
len(unique_engagement_students)
Out[7]:
In [8]:
daily_engagement[1]
Out[8]:
In [9]:
#####################################
# 4 #
#####################################
## Find any one student enrollments where the student is missing from the daily engagement table.
## Output that enrollment.
for enrollment in enrollments:
student = enrollment['account_key']
if student not in unique_engagement_students:
print enrollment
break
In [10]:
#####################################
# 5 #
#####################################
## Find the number of surprising data points (enrollments missing from
## the engagement table) that remain, if any.
num_problem_students = 0
for enrollment in enrollments:
student = enrollment['account_key']
if (student not in unique_engagement_students and
enrollment['join_date'] != enrollment['cancel_date']):
print enrollment
num_problem_students += 1
num_problem_students
Out[10]:
In [11]:
# Create a set of the account keys for all Udacity test accounts
udacity_test_accounts = set()
for enrollment in enrollments:
if enrollment['is_udacity']:
udacity_test_accounts.add(enrollment['account_key'])
len(udacity_test_accounts)
Out[11]:
In [12]:
# Given some data with an account_key field, removes any records corresponding to Udacity test accounts
def remove_udacity_accounts(data):
non_udacity_data = []
for data_point in data:
if data_point['account_key'] not in udacity_test_accounts:
non_udacity_data.append(data_point)
return non_udacity_data
In [13]:
# Remove Udacity test accounts from all three tables
non_udacity_enrollments = remove_udacity_accounts(enrollments)
non_udacity_engagement = remove_udacity_accounts(daily_engagement)
non_udacity_submissions = remove_udacity_accounts(project_submissions)
print len(non_udacity_enrollments)
print len(non_udacity_engagement)
print len(non_udacity_submissions)
In [14]:
#####################################
# 6 #
#####################################
## Create a dictionary named paid_students containing all students who either
## haven't canceled yet or who remained enrolled for more than 7 days. The keys
## should be account keys, and the values should be the date the student enrolled.
# paid_students = {}
# for enrollments in non_udacity_enrollments:
# if enrollments['days_to_cancel'] is None or enrollments['days_to_cancel'] > 7 :
# paid_students[enrollments['account_key']] = enrollments['join_date']
# len(paid_students)
paid_students = {}
for enrollment in non_udacity_enrollments:
if (not enrollment['is_canceled'] or
enrollment['days_to_cancel'] > 7):
account_key = enrollment['account_key']
enrollment_date = enrollment['join_date']
if (account_key not in paid_students or
enrollment_date > paid_students[account_key]):
paid_students[account_key] = enrollment_date
len(paid_students)
Out[14]:
In [15]:
# Takes a student's join date and the date of a specific engagement record,
# and returns True if that engagement record happened within one week
# of the student joining.
# def within_one_week(join_date, engagement_date):
# time_delta = engagement_date - join_date
# return time_delta.days < 7
def within_one_week(join_date, engagement_date):
time_delta = engagement_date - join_date
return time_delta.days >= 0 and time_delta.days < 7
In [16]:
#####################################
# 7 #
#####################################
## Create a list of rows from the engagement table including only rows where
## the student is one of the paid students you just found, and the date is within
## one week of the student's join date.
def remove_free_trial_cancels(data):
new_data = []
for data_point in data:
if data_point['account_key'] in paid_students:
new_data.append(data_point)
return new_data
paid_enrollments = remove_free_trial_cancels(non_udacity_enrollments)
paid_engagement = remove_free_trial_cancels(non_udacity_engagement)
paid_submissions = remove_free_trial_cancels(non_udacity_submissions)
print len(paid_enrollments)
print len(paid_engagement)
print len(paid_submissions)
paid_engagement_in_first_week = []
for engagement_record in paid_engagement:
account_key = engagement_record['account_key']
join_date = paid_students[account_key]
engagement_record_date = engagement_record['utc_date']
if within_one_week(join_date, engagement_record_date):
paid_engagement_in_first_week.append(engagement_record)
print len(paid_engagement_in_first_week)
print paid_engagement_in_first_week[1:10]
In [17]:
from collections import defaultdict
# Create a dictionary of engagement grouped by student.
# The keys are account keys, and the values are lists of engagement records.
engagement_by_account = defaultdict(list)
for engagement_record in paid_engagement_in_first_week:
account_key = engagement_record['account_key']
engagement_by_account[account_key].append(engagement_record)
In [18]:
# Create a dictionary with the total minutes each student spent in the classroom during the first week.
# The keys are account keys, and the values are numbers (total minutes)
total_minutes_by_account = {}
for account_key, engagement_for_student in engagement_by_account.items():
total_minutes = 0
for engagement_record in engagement_for_student:
total_minutes += engagement_record['total_minutes_visited']
total_minutes_by_account[account_key] = total_minutes
In [19]:
import numpy as np
# Summarize the data about minutes spent in the classroom
total_minutes = total_minutes_by_account.values()
print 'Mean:', np.mean(total_minutes)
print 'Standard deviation:', np.std(total_minutes)
print 'Minimum:', np.min(total_minutes)
print 'Maximum:', np.max(total_minutes)
In [20]:
#####################################
# 8 #
#####################################
## Go through a similar process as before to see if there is a problem.
## Locate at least one surprising piece of data, output it, and take a look at it.
student_with_max_minutes = None
max_minutes = 0
for student, total_minutes in total_minutes_by_account.items():
if total_minutes > max_minutes:
max_minutes = total_minutes
student_with_max_minutes = student
max_minutes
#Alternatively, you can find the account key with the maximum minutes using this shorthand notation:
#max(total_minutes_by_account.items(), key=lambda pair: pair[1])
for engagement_record in paid_engagement_in_first_week:
if engagement_record['account_key'] == student_with_max_minutes:
print engagement_record
In [21]:
#####################################
# 9 #
#####################################
## Adapt the code above to find the mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum for
## the number of lessons completed by each student during the first week. Try creating
## one or more functions to re-use the code above.
# def total_num(data):
# for account_key, engagement_for_student in engagement_by_account.items():
# total_lessons = 0
# for engagement_record in engagement_for_student:
# total_lessons += engagement_record[data]
# total_lessons_by_account[account_key] = total_lessons
# total_lessons_by_account = {}
# for account_key, engagement_for_student in engagement_by_account.items():
# total_lessons = 0
# for engagement_record in engagement_for_student:
# total_lessons += engagement_record['lessons_completed']
# total_lessons_by_account[account_key] = total_lessons
# print len(total_lessons_by_account)
# print total_lessons_by_account['619']
# student_with_max_lesson = None
# max_lessons_completed = 0
# for student, lessons_completed in total_lessons_by_account.items():
# if lessons_completed > max_lessons_completed:
# max_lessons_completed = lessons_completed
# student_with_max_lesson = student
# print max_lessons_completed, student_with_max_lesson
# total_lessons = total_lessons_by_account.values()
# print 'Mean:', np.mean(total_lessons)
# print 'Standard deviation:', np.std(total_lessons)
# print 'Minimum:', np.min(total_lessons)
# print 'Maximum:', np.max(total_lessons)
from collections import defaultdict
def group_data(data, key_name):
grouped_data = defaultdict(list)
for data_point in data:
key = data_point[key_name]
grouped_data[key].append(data_point)
return grouped_data
engagement_by_account = group_data(paid_engagement_in_first_week,
'account_key')
def sum_grouped_items(grouped_data, field_name):
summed_data = {}
for key, data_points in grouped_data.items():
total = 0
for data_point in data_points:
total += data_point[field_name]
summed_data[key] = total
return summed_data
import numpy as np
def describe_data(data):
print 'Mean:', np.mean(data)
print 'Standard deviation:', np.std(data)
print 'Minimum:', np.min(data)
print 'Maximum:', np.max(data)
total_minutes_by_account = sum_grouped_items(engagement_by_account,
'total_minutes_visited')
describe_data(total_minutes_by_account.values())
lessons_completed_by_account = sum_grouped_items(engagement_by_account,
'lessons_completed')
describe_data(lessons_completed_by_account.values())
print engagement_by_account['619']
In [23]:
######################################
# 10 #
######################################
## Find the mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum for the number of
## days each student visits the classroom during the first week.
for engagement_record in paid_engagement:
if engagement_record['num_courses_visited'] > 0:
engagement_record['has_visited'] = 1
else:
engagement_record['has_visited'] = 0
# days_visited_by_account = sum_grouped_items(engagement_by_account,
# 'has_visited')
# describe_data(days_visited_by_account.values())
def sum_grouped_items_record(grouped_data, field_name):
summed_data = {}
for key, data_points in grouped_data.items():
total = 0
for data_point in data_points:
#total += data_point[field_name]
if data_point[field_name] > 0: #Means student has visited the classroom
total += 1
summed_data[key] = total
return summed_data
days_visited_by_account = sum_grouped_items_record(engagement_by_account,
'num_courses_visited')
describe_data(days_visited_by_account.values())
In [37]:
######################################
# 11 #
######################################
## Create two lists of engagement data for paid students in the first week.
## The first list should contain data for students who eventually pass the
## subway project, and the second list should contain data for students
## who do not.
# subway_project_lesson_keys = ['746169184', '3176718735']
# passing_engagement =
# non_passing_engagement =
paid_submissions[2]
# {u'account_key': u'256',
# u'assigned_rating': u'PASSED',
# u'completion_date': datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 20, 0, 0),
# u'creation_date': datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 20, 0, 0),
# u'lesson_key': u'3176718735',
# u'processing_state': u'EVALUATED'}
subway_project_lesson_keys = ['746169184', '3176718735']
pass_subway_project = set()
for submission in paid_submissions:
project = submission['lesson_key']
rating = submission['assigned_rating']
if ((project in subway_project_lesson_keys) and
(rating == 'PASSED' or rating == 'DISTINCTION')):
pass_subway_project.add(submission['account_key'])
len(pass_subway_project)
passing_engagement = []
non_passing_engagement = []
for engagement_record in paid_engagement_in_first_week:
if engagement_record['account_key'] in pass_subway_project:
passing_engagement.append(engagement_record)
else:
non_passing_engagement.append(engagement_record)
print len(passing_engagement)
print len(non_passing_engagement)
In [ ]:
######################################
# 12 #
######################################
## Compute some metrics you're interested in and see how they differ for
## students who pass the subway project vs. students who don't. A good
## starting point would be the metrics we looked at earlier (minutes spent
## in the classroom, lessons completed, and days visited).
In [ ]:
######################################
# 13 #
######################################
## Make histograms of the three metrics we looked at earlier for both
## students who passed the subway project and students who didn't. You
## might also want to make histograms of any other metrics you examined.
In [ ]:
######################################
# 14 #
######################################
## Make a more polished version of at least one of your visualizations
## from earlier. Try importing the seaborn library to make the visualization
## look better, adding axis labels and a title, and changing one or more
## arguments to the hist() function.