FrameNet Examples using NLTK

In [1]:

    

import nltk
nltk.download('framenet_v17')


    

    




[nltk_data] Downloading package framenet_v17 to
[nltk_data]     C:\Users\damir/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Package framenet_v17 is already up-to-date!






    
Out[1]:





True

In [1]:

    

from nltk.corpus import framenet as fn


    

In [2]:

    

len(fn.frames())


    

    
Out[2]:





1221

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fn.frames(r'(?i)medical')


    

    
Out[3]:





[<frame ID=239 name=Medical_conditions>, <frame ID=257 name=Medical_instruments>, ...]

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myFrame = fn.frame(256)


    

In [7]:

    

myFrame.ID


    

    
Out[7]:





256

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myFrame.name


    

    
Out[8]:





'Medical_specialties'

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myFrame.definition


    

    
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"This frame includes words that name medical specialties and is closely related to the Medical_professionals frame.  The FE Type characterizing a sub-are in a Specialty may also be expressed. 'Ralph practices paediatric oncology.'"

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len(myFrame.lexUnit)


    

    
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29

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sorted([x for x in myFrame.FE])


    

    
Out[11]:





['Affliction', 'Body_system', 'Specialty', 'Type']

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myFrame.frameRelations


    

    
Out[12]:





[<Parent=Medical_interaction_scenario -- Using -> Child=Medical_specialties>]

In [13]:

    

len(fn.lus())


    

    
Out[13]:





13572

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fn.lus(r'(?i)a little')


    

    
Out[14]:





[<lu ID=14744 name=a little bit.adv>, <lu ID=14743 name=a little.adv>, ...]

In [15]:

    

myLU = fn.lu(256)


    

In [16]:

    

myLU.name


    

    
Out[16]:





'foresee.v'

In [17]:

    

myLU.definition


    

    
Out[17]:





'COD: be aware of beforehand; predict.'

In [18]:

    

myLU.frame.name


    

    
Out[18]:





'Expectation'

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myLU.lexemes


    

    
Out[19]:





[{'POS': 'V', 'breakBefore': 'false', 'headword': 'false', 'name': 'foresee', 'order': 1}]

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myLU.lexemes[0].name


    

    
Out[20]:





'foresee'

In [21]:

    

myLU.lexemes[0].POS


    

    
Out[21]:





'V'

In [22]:

    

docs = fn.docs()
len(docs)


    

    
Out[22]:





107

In [23]:

    

docs[0]


    

    
Out[23]:





full-text document (25397) chapter8_911report:

[corpid] 195
[corpname] ANC
[description] chapter8_911report
[URL] https://framenet2.icsi.berkeley.edu/fnReports/data/fulltext/ANC__chapter8_911report.xml

[sentence]
[0] '' THE SYSTEM WAS BLINKING RED"
[1] THE SUMMER OF THREAT
[2] As 2001 began , counterterrorism officials were receiving frequent but fragmentary
[3] reports about threats .
[4] Indeed , there appeared to be possible threats almost
[5] everywhere the United States had interests-including at home .
[6] To understand how the escalation in threat reporting was handled in the summer of
[7] 2001 , it is useful to understand how threat information in general is collected and
[8] conveyed .
[9] Information is collected through several methods , including signals
[10] intelligence and interviews of human sources , and gathered into intelligence
[11] reports .
[12] Depending on the source and nature of the reporting , these reports may be
[13] highly classified-and therefore tightly held-or less sensitive and widely
[14] disseminated to state and local law enforcement agencies .
[15] Threat reporting must be
[16] disseminated , either through individual reports or through threat advisories .
[17] Such
[18] advisories , intended to alert their recipients , may address a specific threat or be
[19] a general warning .
[20] Because the amount of reporting is so voluminous , only a select fraction can be
[21] chosen for briefing the president and senior officials .
[22] During 2001 , Director of
[23] Central Intelligence GeorgeTenet was briefed regularly regarding threats and other
[24] operational information relating to Usama Bin Ladin .
[25] He in turn met daily with President Bush , who was briefed by the CIA through what is
[26] known as the President 's Daily Brief ( PDB ) .
[27] Each PDB consists of a series of six to
[28] eight relatively short articles or briefs covering a broad array of topics ; CIA
[29] staff decides which subjects are the most important on any given day .
[30] There were
[31] more than 40 intelligence articles in the PDBs from January 20 to September 10 ,
[32] 2001 , that related to Bin Ladin .
[33] The PDB is considered highly sensitive and is
[34] distributed to only a handful of high-level officials .
[35] The Senior Executive Intelligence Brief ( SEIB ) , distributed to a broader group of
[36] officials , has a similar format and generally covers the same subjects as the PDB .
[37] It usually contains less information so as to protect sources and methods .
[38] Like
[39] their predecessors , the Attorney General , the FBI Director , and Richard Clarke , the
[40] National Security Council ( NSC ) counterterrorism coordinator , all received the SEIB ,
[41] not the PDB .
[42] Clarke and his staff had extensive access to terrorism reporting , but they did not
[43] have access to internal , nondisseminated information at the National Security Agency
[44] ( NSA ) , CIA , or FBI .
[45] The Drumbeat Begins In the spring of 2001 , the level of
[46] reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased dramatically to its
[47] highest level since the millennium alert .
[48] At the end of March , the intelligence
[49] community disseminated a terrorist threat advisory , indicating a heightened threat
[50] of Sunni extremist terrorist attacks against U.S. facilities , personnel , and other
[51] interests .
[52] On March 23 , in connection with discussions about possibly reopening Pennsylvania
[53] Avenue in front of the White House , Clarke warned National Security Advisor
[54] Condoleezza Rice that domestic or foreign terrorists might use a truck bomb-their
[55] '' weapon of choice '' -on Pennsylvania Avenue .
[56] That would result , he said , in the
[57] destruction of the West Wing and parts of the residence .
[58] 5 He also told her that he
[59] thought there were terrorist cells within the United States , including al Qaeda .
[60] The next week , Rice was briefed on the activities of Abu Zubaydah and on CIA efforts
[61] to locate him .
[62] As pointed out in chapter 6 , Abu Zubaydah had been a major figure in
[63] the millennium plots .
[64] Over the next few weeks , the CIA repeatedly issued
[65] warnings-including calls from DCI Tenet to Clarke -that Abu Zubaydah was planning an
[66] operation in the near future .
[67] One report cited a source indicating that Abu Zubaydah
[68] was planning an attack in a country that CIA analysts thought might be Israel , or
[69] perhaps Saudi Arabia or India .
[70] Clarke relayed these reports to Rice .
[71] In response to these threats , the FBI sent a message to all its field offices on
[72] April 13 , summarizing reporting to date .
[73] It asked the offices to task all resources,
[74] including human sources and electronic databases , for any information pertaining to
[75] '' current operational activities relating to Sunni extremism . ''
[76] It did not suggest
[77] that there was a domestic threat .
[78] The interagency Counterterrorism Security Group ( CSG ) that Clarke chaired discussed
[79] the Abu Zubaydah reports on April 19 .
[80] The next day , a briefing to top officials
[81] reported `` Bin Ladin planning multiple operations . ''
[82] When the deputies discussed al
[83] Qaeda policy on April 30 , they began with a briefing on the threat .
[84] In May 2001 , the drumbeat of reporting grew louder with reports to top officials that
[85] '' Bin Ladin public profile may presage attack '' and `` Bin Ladin network 's plans
[86] advancing . ''
[87] In early May , a walk-in to the FBI claimed there was a plan to launch
[88] attacks on London , Boston , and New York .
[89] Attorney General John Ashcroft was briefed
[90] by the CIA on May 15 regarding al Qaeda generally and the current threat reporting
[91] specifically .
[92] The next day brought a report that a phone call to a U.S. embassy had
[93] warned that Bin Ladin supporters were planning an attack in the United States using
[94] '' high explosives . ''
[95] On May 17 , based on the previous day 's report , the first item on
[96] the CSG 's agenda was `` UBL : Operation Planned in U.S. ''
[97] The
[98] anonymous caller 's tip could not be corroborated .
[99] Late May brought reports of a possible hostage plot against Americans abroad to force
[100] the release of prisoners , including Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman , the `` Blind Sheikh , ''
[101] who was serving a life sentence for his role in the 1993 plot to blow up sites in
[102] New York City .
[103] The reporting noted that operatives might opt to hijack an aircraft
[104] or storm a U.S. embassy .
[105] This report led to a Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA )
[106] information circular to airlines noting the potential for `` an airline hijacking to
[107] free terrorists incarcerated in the United States . ''
[108] Other reporting mentioned that
[109] Abu Zubaydah was planning an attack , possibly against Israel , and expected to carry
[110] out several more if things went well .
[111] On May 24 alone , counterterrorism officials
[112] grappled with reports alleging plots in Yemen and Italy , as well as a report about a
[113] cell in Canada that an anonymous caller had claimed might be planning an attack
[114] against the United States .
[115] Reports similar to many of these were made available to President Bush in morning
[116] intelligence briefings with DCI Tenet , usually attended by Vice President Dick
[117] Cheney and National Security Advisor Rice .
[118] While these briefings discussed general
[119] threats to attack America and American interests , the specific threats mentioned in
[120] these briefings were all overseas .
[121] On May 29 , Clarke suggested that Rice ask DCI Tenet what more the United States could
[122] do to stop Abu Zubaydah from launching '' a series of major terrorist attacks , ''
[123] probably on Israeli targets , but possibly on U.S. facilities .
[124] Clarke wrote to Rice
[125] and her deputy , Stephen Hadley , `` When these attacks occur , as they likely will , we
[126] will wonder what more we could have done to stop them . ''
[127] In May , CIA Counterterrorist
[128] Center ( CTC ) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that the current threat level was a 7 on a
[129] scale of 1 to 10 , as compared to an 8 during the millennium .
[130] High Probability of Near-Term `` Spectacular ''
[131] Attacks
[132] Threat reports surged in June and July , reaching an even higher peak of urgency .
[133] The
[134] summer threats seemed to be focused on Saudi Arabia , Israel , Bahrain , Kuwait , Yemen ,
[135] and possibly Rome , but the danger could be anywhere- including a possible attack on
[136] the G-8 summit in Genoa .
[137] A June 12 CIA report passing along biographical background
[138] information on several terrorists mentioned , in commenting on Khalid Sheikh
[139] Mohammed , that he was recruiting people to travel to the United States to meet with
[140] colleagues already there so that they might conduct terrorist attacks on Bin Ladin 's
[141] behalf .
[142] On June 22 , the CIA notified all its station chiefs about intelligence
[143] suggesting a possible al Qaeda suicide attack on a U.S. target over the next few
[144] days .
[145] DCITenet asked that all U.S. ambassadors be briefed .
[146] That same day , the State Department notified all embassies of the terrorist threat
[147] and updated its worldwide public warning .
[148] In June , the State Department initiated
[149] the Visa Express program in Saudi Arabia as a security measure , in order to keep
[150] long lines of foreigners away from vulnerable embassy spaces .
[151] The program permitted
[152] visa applications to be made through travel agencies , instead of directly at the
[153] embassy or consulate .
[154] A terrorist threat advisory distributed in late June indicated a high probability of
[155] near-term `` spectacular '' terrorist attacks resulting in numerous casualties .
[156] Other
[157] reports ' titles warned , '' Bin Ladin Attacks May be Imminent '' and `` Bin Ladin and
[158] Associates Making Near-Term Threats . ''
[159] The latter reported multiple attacks planned
[160] over the coming days , including a `` severe blow '' against U.S. and Israeli `` interests ''
[161] during the next two weeks .
[162] On June 21 , near the height of the threat reporting , U.S. Central Command raised the
[163] force protection condition level for U.S. troops in six countries to the highest
[164] possible level , Delta .
[165] The U.S. Fifth Fleet moved out of its port in Bahrain , and a
[166] U.S. Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted . U.S. embassies in the Persian Gulf
[167] conducted an emergency security review , and the embassy in Yemen was closed .
[168] The CSG
[169] had foreign emergency response teams , known as FESTs , ready to move on four hours '
[170] notice and kept up the terrorism alert posture on a `` rolling 24 hour basis . ''
[171] On June 25 , Clarke warned Rice and Hadley that six separate intelligence reports
[172] showed al Qaeda personnel warning of a pending attack .
[173] An Arabic television station
[174] reported Bin Ladin 's pleasure with al Qaeda leaders who were saying that the next
[175] weeks `` will witness important surprises '' and that U.S. and Israeli interests will be
[176] targeted .
[177] Al Qaeda also released a new recruitment and fund-raising tape .
[178] Clarke
[179] wrote that this was all too sophisticated to be merely a psychological operation to
[180] keep the United States on edge , and the CIA agreed .
[181] The intelligence reporting
[182] consistently described the upcoming attacks as occurring on a calamitous level,
[183] indicating that they would cause the world to be in turmoil and that they would
[184] consist of possible multiple-but not necessarily simultaneous-attacks .
[185] On June 28 , Clarke wrote Rice that the pattern of al Qaeda activity indicating attack
[186] planning over the past six weeks `` had reached a crescendo. '' '' A series of new reports
[187] continue to convince me and analysts at State, CIA , DIA [Defense Intelligence
[188] Agency ] , and NSA that a major terrorist attack or series of attacks is likely in
[189] July , '' he noted .
[190] One al Qaeda intelligence report warned that something `` very , very,
[191] very , very '' big was about to happen , and most of Bin Ladin 's network was reportedly
[192] anticipating the attack .
[193] In late June , the CIA ordered all its station chiefs to
[194] share information on al Qaeda with their host governments and to push for immediate
[195] disruptions of cells .
[196] The headline of a June 30 briefing to top officials was stark: '' Bin Ladin Planning
[197] High-Profile Attacks . ''
[198] The report stated that Bin Ladin operatives expected
[199] near-term attacks to have dramatic consequences of catastrophic proportions .
[200] That
[201] same day , Saudi Arabia declared its highest level of terror alert .
[202] Despite evidence
[203] of delays possibly caused by heightened U.S. security , the planning for attacks was
[204] continuing .
[205] On July 2 , the FBI Counterterrorism Division sent a message to federal agencies and
[206] state and local law enforcement agencies summarizing information regarding threats
[207] from Bin Ladin .
[208] It warned that there was an increased volume of threat reporting,
[209] indicating a potential for attacks against U.S. targets abroad from groups `` aligned
[210] with or sympathetic to Usama Bin Ladin . ''
[211] Despite the general warnings , the message
[212] further stated , `` The FBI has no information indicating a credible threat of
[213] terrorist attack in the United States . ''
[214] However , it went on to emphasize that the
[215] possibility of attack in the United States could not be discounted .
[216] It also noted
[217] that the July 4 holiday might heighten the threats .
[218] The report asked recipients
[219] to '' exercise extreme vigilance '' and `` report suspicious activities '' to the FBI .
[220] It did
[221] not suggest specific actions that they should take to prevent attacks .
[222] Disruption operations against al Qaeda -affiliated cells were launched involving 20
[223] countries .
[224] Several terrorist operatives were detained by foreign governments,
[225] possibly disrupting operations in the Gulf and Italy and perhaps averting attacks
[226] against two or three U.S. embassies .
[227] Clarke and others told us of a particular
[228] concern about possible attacks on the Fourth of July .
[229] After it passed uneventfully,
[230] the CSG decided to maintain the alert .
[231] To enlist more international help , Vice President Cheney contacted Saudi Crown Prince
[232] Abdullah on July 5 .
[233] Hadley apparently called European counterparts , while Clarke
[234] worked with senior officials in the Gulf .
[235] In late July , because of threats , Italy
[236] closed the airspace over Genoa and mounted antiaircraft batteries at the Genoa
[237] airport during the G-8 summit , which President Bush attended .
[238] At home , the CSG arranged for the CIA to brief intelligence and security officials
[239] from several domestic agencies .
[240] On July 5 , representatives from the Immigration and
[241] Naturalization Service ( INS ) , the FAA , the Coast Guard , the Secret Service , Customs ,
[242] the CIA , and the FBI met with Clarke to discuss the current threat .
[243] Attendees report
[244] that they were told not to disseminate the threat information they received at the
[245] meeting .
[246] They interpreted this direction to mean that although they could brief
[247] their superiors , they could not send out advisories to the field .
[248] An NSC official
[249] recalls a somewhat different emphasis , saying that attendees were asked to take the
[250] information back to their home agencies and `` do what you can '' with it , subject to
[251] classification and distribution restrictions .
[252] A representative from the INS asked
[253] for a summary of the information that she could share with field offices .
[254] She never
[255] received one .
[256] That same day , the CIA briefed Attorney General Ashcroft on the al Qaeda threat,
[257] warning that a significant terrorist attack was imminent .
[258] Ashcroft was told that
[259] preparations for multiple attacks were in late stages or already complete and that
[260] little additional warning could be expected .
[261] The briefing addressed only threats
[262] outside the United States .
[263] The next day , the CIA representative told the CSG that al Qaeda members believed the
[264] upcoming attack would be `` spectacular , '' qualitatively different from anything they
[265] had done to date .
[266] Apparently as a result of the July 5 meeting with Clarke , the interagency committee
[267] on federal building security was tasked to examine security measures .
[268] This committee
[269] met on July 9 , when 37 officials from 27 agencies and organizations were briefed on
[270] the `` current threat level '' in the United States .
[271] They were told that not only the
[272] threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the East Africa
[273] bombings trial , the conviction of Ahmed Ressam , and the just-returned KhobarTowers
[274] indictments reinforced the need to `` exercise extreme vigilance . ''
[275] Attendees were
[276] expected to determine whether their respective agencies needed enhanced security
[277] measures .
[278] On July 18, 2001 , the State Department provided a warning to the public regarding
[279] possible terrorist attacks in the Arabian Peninsula .
[280] Acting FBI Director Thomas Pickard told us he had one of his periodic conference
[281] calls with all special agents in charge on July 19 .
[282] He said one of the items he
[283] mentioned was the need , in light of increased threat reporting , to have evidence
[284] response teams ready to move at a moment 's notice , in case of an attack .
[285] He did not task field offices to try to determine whether any plots were being
[286] considered within the United States or to take any action to disrupt any such plots .
[287] In mid-July , reporting started to indicate that Bin Ladin 's plans had been delayed,
[288] maybe for as long as two months , but not abandoned .
[289] On July 23 , the lead item for
[290] CSG discussion was still the al Qaeda threat , and it included mention of suspected
[291] terrorist travel to the United States .
[292] On July 31 , an FAA circular appeared alerting the aviation community to `` reports of
[293] possible near-term terrorist operations . . . particularly on the Arabian Peninsula
[294] and/or Israel . ''
[295] It stated that the FAA had no credible evidence of specific plans to
[296] attack U.S. civil aviation , though it noted that some of the `` currently active ''
[297] terrorist groups were known to `` plan and train for hijackings '' and were able to build
[298] and conceal sophisticated explosive devices in luggage and consumer products .
[299] Tenet told us that in his world `` the system was blinking red . ''
[300] By late July , Tenet
[301] said , it could not `` get any worse . ''
[302] Not everyone was
[303] convinced .
[304] Some asked whether all these threats might just be deception .
[305] On June 30 ,
[306] the SEIB contained an article titled `` Bin Ladin Threats Are Real . ''
[307] Yet Hadley told
[308] Tenet in July that Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz questioned the
[309] reporting .
[310] Perhaps Bin Ladin was trying to study U.S. reactions .
[311] Tenet replied that
[312] he had already addressed the Defense Department 's questions on this point ; the
[313] reporting was convincing .
[314] To give a sense of his anxiety at the time , one senior
[315] official in the Counterterrorist Center told us that he and a colleague were
[316] considering resigning in order to go public with their concerns .
[317] The Calm Before the Storm
[318] On July 27 , Clarke informed Rice and Hadley that the spike in intelligence about a
[319] near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped .
[320] He urged keeping readiness high during the
[321] August vacation period , warning that another report suggested an attack had just
[322] been postponed for a few months `` but will still happen . ''
[323] On August 1 , the FBI issued an advisory that in light of the increased volume of
[324] threat reporting and the upcoming anniversary of the East Africa embassy bombings,
[325] increased attention should be paid to security planning .
[326] It noted that although most
[327] of the reporting indicated a potential for attacks on U.S. interests abroad , the
[328] possibility of an attack in the United States could not be discounted .
[329] On August 3 , the intelligence community issued an advisory concluding that the threat
[330] of impending al Qaeda attacks would likely continue indefinitely .
[331] Citing threats in
[332] the Arabian Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , and Europe , the advisory suggested that al
[333] Qaeda was lying in wait and searching for gaps in security before moving forward
[334] with the planned attacks .
[335] During the spring and summer of 2001 , President Bush had on several occasions asked
[336] his briefers whether any of the threats pointed to the United States .
[337] Reflecting on
[338] these questions , the CIA decided to write a briefing article summarizing its
[339] understanding of this danger .
[340] Two CIA analysts involved in preparing this briefing
[341] article believed it represented an opportunity to communicate their view that the
[342] threat of a Bin Ladin attack in the United States remained both current and
[343] serious .
[344] The result was an article in the August 6 Presidential Daily Brief titled `` Bin Ladin
[345] Determined to Strike in US . ''
[346] It was the 36th PDB item briefed so far that year that
[347] related to Bin Ladin or al Qaeda , and the first devoted to the possibility of an
[348] attack in the United States .
[349] The President told us the August 6 report was
[350] historical in nature .
[351] President Bush said the article told him that al Qaeda was
[352] dangerous , which he said he had known since he had become President .
[353] The President
[354] said Bin Ladin had long been talking about his desire to attack America .
[355] He recalled
[356] some operational data on the FBI , and remembered thinking it was heartening that 70
[357] investigations were under way .
[358] As best he could recollect , Rice had mentioned that
[359] the Yemenis ' surveillance of a federal building in New York had been looked into in
[360] May and June , but there was no actionable intelligence .
[361] He did not recall discussing
[362] the August 6 report with the Attorney General or whether Rice had done so .
[363] He said
[364] that if his advisers had told him there was a cell in the United States , they would
[365] have moved to take care of it .
[366] That never happened .
[367] Although the following day 's SEIB repeated the title of this PDB , it did not contain
[368] the reference to hijackings , the alert in New York , the alleged casing of buildings
[369] in New York , the threat phoned in to the embassy , or the fact that the FBI had
[370] approximately 70 ongoing bin Ladin-related investigations .
[371] The following is the text of an item from the Presidential Daily Brief received by
[372] President George W. Bush on August 6 , 2001.37 Redacted material is indicated by
[373] brackets .
[374] Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US Clandestine , foreign government , and media
[375] reports indicate Bin Ladin since 1997 has wanted to conduct terrorist attacks in
[376] the US .
[377] Bin Ladin implied in US television interviews in 1997 and 1998 that his
[378] followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef and
[379] '' bring the fighting to America . ''
[380] After US missile strikes on his base in
[381] Afghanistan in 1998 , Bin Ladin told followers he wanted to retaliate in
[382] Washington , according to a [ - ] service .
[383] An Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) operative told an [ - ] service at the same time
[384] that Bin Ladin was planning to exploit the operative 's access to the US to mount
[385] a terrorist strike .
[386] The millennium plotting in Canada in 1999 may have been part of Bin Ladin 's first
[387] serious attempt to implement a terrorist strike in the US .
[388] Convicted plotter
[389] Ahmed Ressam has told the FBI that he conceived the idea to attack Los Angeles
[390] International Airport himself , but that Bin Ladin lieutenant Abu Zubaydah
[391] encouraged him and helped facilitate the operation .
[392] Ressam also said that in
[393] 1998 Abu Zubaydah was planning his own US attack .
[394] Ressam says Bin Ladin was aware of the Los Angeles operation .
[395] Although Bin Ladin has not succeeded , his attacks against the US Embassies in
[396] Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrate that he prepares operations years in
[397] advance and is not deterred by setbacks .
[398] Bin Ladin associates surveilled our
[399] Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam as early as 1993 , and some members of the
[400] Nairobi cell planning the bombings were arrested and deported in 1997 .
[401] Al-Qa'ida members-including some who are US citizens-have resided in or traveled
[402] to the US for years , and the group apparently maintains a support structure that
[403] could aid attacks .
[404] Two al-Qua ' da members found guilty in the conspiracy to bomb
[405] our embassies in East Africa were US citizens , and a senior EIJ member lived in
[406] California in the mid- 1990s .
[407] A clandestine source said in 1998 that a Bin Ladin
[408] cell in New York was recruiting Muslim-American youth for attacks .
[409] We have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational threat
[410] reporting , such as that from a [ - ] service in 1998 saying that Bin Ladin wanted
[411] to hijack a US aircraft to gain the release of `` Blind Shaykh ''
[412] 'Umar 'Abd
[413] al-Rahman and other US -held extremists .
[414] Nevertheless , FBI information since that time indicates patterns of suspicious
[415] activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings or other
[416] types of attacks , including recent surveillance of federal buildings in New
[417] York .
[418] The FBI is conducting approximately 70 full field investigations throughout the
[419] US that it considers Bin Ladin -related .
[420] CIA and the FBI are investigating a call
[421] to our Embassy in the UAE in May saying that a group of Bin Ladin supporters was
[422] in the US planning attacks with explosives .
[423] No CSG or other NSC meeting was held to discuss the possible threat of a strike in
[424] the United States as a result of this report .
[425] Late in the month , a foreign service reported that Abu Zubaydah was considering
[426] mounting terrorist attacks in the United States , after postponing possible
[427] operations in Europe .
[428] No targets , timing , or method of attack were provided .
[429] We have found no indication of any further discussion before September 11 among the
[430] President and his top advisers of the possibility of a threat of an al Qaeda attack
[431] in the United States .
[432] DCI Tenet visited President Bush in Crawford , Texas , on August
[433] 17 and participated in PDB briefings of the President between August 31 ( after the
[434] President had returned to Washington ) and September 10 .
[435] But Tenet does not recall
[436] any discussions with the President of the domestic threat during this period .
[437] Most of the intelligence community recognized in the summer of 2001 that the number
[438] and severity of threat reports were unprecedented .
[439] Many officials told us that they
[440] knew something terrible was planned , and they were desperate to stop it .
[441] Despite
[442] their large number , the threats received contained few specifics regarding time,
[443] place , method , or target .
[444] Most suggested that attacks were planned against targets
[445] overseas ; others indicated threats against unspecified `` U.S. interests . ''
[446] We can not
[447] say for certain whether these reports , as dramatic as they were , related to the 9/11
[448] attacks .
[449] Government Response to the Threats
[450] National Security Advisor Rice told us that the CSG was the `` nerve center '' for
[451] running the crisis , although other senior officials were involved over the course of
[452] the summer .
[453] In addition to his daily meetings with President Bush , and weekly
[454] meetings to go over other issues with Rice , Tenet was speaking regularly with
[455] Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld .
[456] The
[457] foreign policy principals routinely talked on the telephone every day on a variety
[458] of topics .
[459] Hadley told us that before 9/11 , he and Rice did not feel they had the job of
[460] coordinating domestic agencies .
[461] They felt that Clarke and the CSG ( part of the NSC )
[462] were the NSC 's bridge between foreign and domestic threats .
[463] There was a clear disparity in the levels of response to foreign versus domestic
[464] threats .
[465] Numerous actions were taken overseas to disrupt possible attacks- enlisting
[466] foreign partners to upset terrorist plans , closing embassies , moving military assets
[467] out of the way of possible harm .
[468] Far less was done domestically- in part , surely,
[469] because to the extent that specifics did exist , they pertained to threats overseas .
[470] As noted earlier , a threat against the embassy in Yemen quickly resulted in its
[471] closing .
[472] Possible domestic threats were more vague .
[473] When reports did not specify
[474] where the attacks were to take place , officials presumed that they would again be
[475] overseas , though they did not rule out a target in the United States .
[476] Each of the
[477] FBI threat advisories made this point .
[478] Clarke mentioned to National Security Advisor Rice at least twice that al Qaeda
[479] sleeper cells were likely in the United States .
[480] In January 2001 , Clarke forwarded a
[481] strategy paper to Rice warning that al Qaeda had a presence in the United States .
[482] He
[483] noted that two key al Qaeda members in the Jordanian cell involved in the millennium
[484] plot were naturalized U.S. citizens and that one jihadist suspected in the East
[485] Africa bombings had `` informed the FBI that an extensive network of al Qida 'sleeper
[486] agents ' currently exists in the US . ''
[487] He added that Ressam 's abortive December 1999
[488] attack revealed al Qaeda supporters in the United States .
[489] His analysis , however , was based not on new threat reporting but on past experience .
[490] The September 11 attacks fell into the void between the foreign and domestic threats .
[491] The foreign intelligence agencies were watching overseas , alert to foreign threats
[492] to U.S. interests there .
[493] The domestic agencies were waiting for evidence of a
[494] domestic threat from sleeper cells within the United States .
[495] No one was looking for
[496] a foreign threat to domestic targets .
[497] The threat that was coming was not from
[498] sleeper cells .
[499] It was foreign-but from foreigners who had infiltrated into the
[500] United States .
[501] A second cause of this disparity in response is that domestic agencies did not know
[502] what to do , and no one gave them direction .
[503] Cressey told us that the CSG did not
[504] tell the agencies how to respond to the threats .
[505] He noted that the agencies that
[506] were operating overseas did not need direction on how to respond ; they had
[507] experience with such threats and had a `` playbook . ''
[508] In contrast , the domestic
[509] agencies did not have a game plan .
[510] Neither the NSC ( including the CSG ) nor anyone
[511] else instructed them to create one .
[512] This lack of direction was evident in the July 5 meeting with representatives from
[513] the domestic agencies .
[514] The briefing focused on overseas threats .
[515] The domestic
[516] agencies were not questioned about how they planned to address the threat and were
[517] not told what was expected of them .
[518] Indeed , as noted earlier , they were specifically
[519] told they could not issue advisories based on the briefing .
[520] 46 The domestic
[521] agencies ' limited response indicates that they did not perceive a call to action .
[522] Clarke reflected a different perspective in an email to Rice on September 15, 2001 .
[523] He summarized the steps taken by the CSG to alert domestic agencies to the
[524] possibility of an attack in the United States .
[525] Clarke concluded that domestic
[526] agencies , including the FAA , knew that the CSG believed a major al Qaeda attack was
[527] coming and could be in the United States .
[528] Although the FAA had authority to issue security directives mandating new security
[529] procedures , none of the few that were released during the summer of 2001 increased
[530] security at checkpoints or on board aircraft .
[531] The information circulars mostly urged
[532] air carriers to `` exercise prudence '' and be alert .
[533] Prior to 9/11 , the FAA did present
[534] a CD-ROM to air carriers and airport authorities describing the increased threat to
[535] civil aviation .
[536] The presentation mentioned the possibility of suicide hijackings but
[537] said that `` fortunately , we have no indication that any group is currently thinking
[538] in that direction . ''
[539] The FAA conducted 27 special security
[540] briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001 , and September 11, 2001 .
[541] Two
[542] of these briefings discussed the hijacking threat overseas .
[543] None discussed the
[544] possibility of suicide hijackings or the use of aircraft as weapons .
[545] No new security
[546] measures were instituted .
[547] Rice told us she understood that the FBI had tasked its 56 U.S. field offices to
[548] increase surveillance of suspected terrorists and to reach out to informants who
[549] might have information about terrorist plots .
[550] An NSC staff document at the time
[551] describes such a tasking as having occurred in late June but does not indicate
[552] whether it was generated by the NSC or the FBI .
[553] Other than the previously described
[554] April 13 communication sent to all FBI field offices , however , the FBI could not
[555] find any record of having received such a directive .
[556] The April 13 document asking
[557] field offices to gather information on Sunni extremism did not mention any possible
[558] threat within the United States and did not order surveillance of suspected
[559] operatives .
[560] The NSC did not specify what the FBI 's directives should contain and did
[561] not review what had been issued earlier .
[562] Acting FBI Director Pickard told us that in addition to his July 19 conference call,
[563] he mentioned the heightened terrorist threat in individual calls with the special
[564] agents in charge of field offices during their annual performance review
[565] discussions .
[566] In speaking with agents around the country , we found little evidence
[567] that any such concerns had reached FBI personnel beyond the New York Field
[568] Office .
[569] The head of counterterrorism at the FBI , Dale Watson , said he had many discussions
[570] about possible attacks with Cofer Black at the CIA .
[571] They had expected an attack on
[572] July 4 .
[573] Watson said he felt deeply that something was going to happen .
[574] But he told
[575] us the threat information was `` nebulous . ''
[576] He wished he had known more .
[577] He wished he
[578] had had `` 500 analysts looking at Usama Bin Ladin threat information instead of
[579] two . ''
[580] Attorney General Ashcroft was briefed by the CIA in May and by Pickard in early July
[581] about the danger .
[582] Pickard said he met with Ashcroft once a week in late June ,
[583] through July , and twice in August .
[584] There is a dispute regarding Ashcroft 's interest
[585] in Pickard 's briefings about the terrorist threat situation .
[586] Pickard told us that
[587] after two such briefings Ashcroft told him that he did not want to hear about the
[588] threats anymore .
[589] Ashcroft denies Pickard 's charge .
[590] Pickard says he continued to
[591] present terrorism information during further briefings that summer , but nothing
[592] further on the `` chatter '' the U.S. government was receiving .
[593] The Attorney General told us he asked Pickard whether there was intelligence about
[594] attacks in the United States and that Pickard said no . Pickard said he replied that
[595] he could not assure Ashcroft that there would be no attacks in the United States ,
[596] although the reports of threats were related to overseas targets .
[597] Ashcroft said he
[598] therefore assumed the FBI was doing what it needed to do .
[599] He acknowledged that in
[600] retrospect , this was a dangerous assumption .
[601] He did not ask the FBI what it was
[602] doing in response to the threats and did not task it to take any specific action .
[603] He
[604] also did not direct the INS , then still part of the Department of Justice , to take
[605] any specific action .
[606] In sum , the domestic agencies never mobilized in response to the threat .
[607] They did not
[608] have direction , and did not have a plan to institute .
[609] The borders were not hardened .
[610] Transportation systems were not fortified .
[611] Electronic surveillance was not targeted
[612] against a domestic threat .
[613] State and local law enforcement were not marshaled to augment the FBI 's efforts .
[614] The
[615] public was not warned .
[616] The terrorists exploited deep institutional failings within our government .
[617] The
[618] question is whether extra vigilance might have turned up an opportunity to disrupt
[619] the plot .
[620] As seen in chapter 7 , al Qaeda's operatives made mistakes .
[621] At least two
[622] such mistakes created opportunities during 2001 , especially in late August .
[623] LATE LEADS-MIHDHAR , MOUSSAOUI , AND KSM
[624] In chapter 6 we discussed how intelligence agencies successfully detected some of the
[625] early travel in the planes operation , picking up the movements of Khalid al Mihdhar
[626] and identifying him , and seeing his travel converge with someone they perhaps could
[627] have identified but did not- Nawaf al Hazmi -as well as with less easily identifiable
[628] people such as Khallad and Abu Bara .
[629] These observations occurred in December 1999
[630] and January 2000 .
[631] The trail had been lost in January 2000 without a clear
[632] realization that it had been lost , and without much effort to pick it up again .
[633] Nor
[634] had the CIA placed Mihdhar on the State Department 's watchlist for suspected
[635] terrorists , so that either an embassy or a port of entry might take note if Mihdhar
[636] showed up again .
[637] On four occasions in 2001 , the CIA , the FBI , or both had apparent opportunities to
[638] refocus on the significance of Hazmi and Mihdhar and reinvigorate the search for
[639] them .
[640] After reviewing those episodes we will turn to the handling of the Moussaoui
[641] case and some late leads regarding Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
[642] January 2001 : Identification of Khallad
[643] Almost one year after the original trail had been lost in Bangkok , the FBI and the
[644] CIA were working on the investigation of the Cole bombing .
[645] They learned of the link
[646] between a captured conspirator and a person called `` Khallad . ''
[647] They also learned that
[648] Khallad was a senior security official for Bin Ladin who had helped direct the
[649] bombing ( we introduced Khallad in chapter 5 , and returned to his role in the Cole
[650] bombing in chapter 6 ) .55 One of the members of the FBI 's investigative team in Yemen
[651] realized that he had heard of Khallad before , from a joint FBI / CIA source four
[652] months earlier .
[653] The FBI agent obtained from a foreign government a photo of the
[654] person believed to have directed the Cole bombing .
[655] It was shown to the source , and
[656] he confirmed that the man in that photograph was the same Khallad he had
[657] described .
[658] In December 2000 , on the basis of some links associated with Khalid al Mihdhar , the
[659] CIA 's Bin Ladin unit speculated that Khallad and Khalid al Mihdhar might be one and
[660] the same .
[661] The CIA asked that a Kuala Lumpur surveillance photo of Mihdhar be shown to the joint
[662] source who had identified Khallad .
[663] In early January 2001 , two photographs from the
[664] Kuala Lumpur meeting were shown to the source .
[665] One was a known photograph of
[666] Mihdhar , the other a photograph of a then unknown subject .
[667] The source did not
[668] recognize Mihdhar .
[669] But he indicated he was 90 percent certain that the other
[670] individual was Khallad .
[671] This meant that Khallad and Mihdhar were two different people .
[672] It also meant that
[673] there was a link between Khallad and Mihdhar , making Mihdhar seem even more
[674] suspicious.59Yet we found no effort by the CIA to renew the long-abandoned search
[675] for Mihdhar or his travel companions .
[676] In addition , we found that the CIA did not notify the FBI of this identification .
[677] DCITenet and Cofer Black testified before Congress 's Joint Inquiry into 9/11 that
[678] the FBI had access to this identification from the beginning .
[679] But drawing on an
[680] extensive record , including documents that were not available to the CIA personnel
[681] who drafted that testimony , we conclude this was not the case .
[682] The FBI 's primary
[683] Cole investigators had no knowledge that Khallad had been in Kuala Lumpur with
[684] Mihdhar and others until after the September 11 attacks .
[685] Because the FBI had not
[686] been informed in January 2000 about Mihdhar 's possession of a U.S. visa , it had not
[687] then started looking for him in the United States .
[688] Because it did not know of the
[689] links between Khallad and Mihdhar , it did not start looking for him in January
[690] 2001 .
[691] This incident is an example of how day-to-day gaps in information sharing can emerge
[692] even when there is mutual goodwill .
[693] The information was from a joint FBI / CIA source
[694] who spoke essentially no English and whose languages were not understood by the FBI
[695] agent on the scene overseas .
[696] Issues of travel and security necessarily kept short
[697] the amount of time spent with the source .
[698] As a result , the CIA officer usually did
[699] not translate either questions or answers for his FBI colleague and friend .
[700] For interviews without simultaneous translation , the FBI agent on the scene received
[701] copies of the reports that the CIA disseminated to other agencies regarding the
[702] interviews .
[703] But he was not given access to the CIA 's internal operational reports,
[704] which contained more detail .
[705] It was there-in reporting to which FBI investigators
[706] did not have access-that information regarding the January 2001 identification of
[707] Khallad appeared .
[708] The CIA officer does not recall this particular identification and
[709] thus can not say why it was not shared with his FBI colleague .
[710] He might not have
[711] understood the possible significance of the new identification .
[712] In June 2000 , Mihdhar left California and returned to Yemen .
[713] It is possible that if,
[714] in January 2001 , the CIA had resumed its search for him , placed him on the State
[715] Department's TIPOFF watchlist , or provided the FBI with the information , he might
[716] have been found-either before or at the time he applied for a new visa in June 2001 ,
[717] or when he returned to the United States on July 4 .
[718] Spring 2001 : Looking Again at Kuala Lumpur
[719] By mid- May 2001 , as the threat reports were surging , a CIA official detailed to the
[720] International Terrorism Operations Section at the FBI wondered where the attacks
[721] might occur .
[722] We will call him `` John . ''
[723] Recalling the episode about the Kuala Lumpur
[724] travel of Mihdhar and his associates , `` John '' searched the CIA 's databases for
[725] information regarding the travel .
[726] On May 15 , he and an official at the CIA
[727] reexamined many of the old cables from early 2000 , including the information that
[728] Mihdhar had a U.S. visa , and that Hazmi had come to Los Angeles on January 15 ,
[729] 2000 .
[730] The CIA official who reviewed the cables took no action regarding them .
[731] '' John , ''
[732] however , began a lengthy exchange with a CIA analyst , whom we will call `` Dave , '' to
[733] figure out what these cables meant .
[734] '' John '' was aware of how dangerous Khallad was-at
[735] one point calling him a `` major league killer . ''
[736] He concluded that `` something bad was
[737] definitely up . ''
[738] Despite the U.S. links evident in this traffic , '' John '' made no effort
[739] to determine whether any of these individuals was in the United States .
[740] He did not
[741] raise that possibility with his FBI counterpart .
[742] He was focused on Malaysia .
[743] '' John" described the CIA as an agency that tended to play a `` zone defense . ''
[744] He was
[745] worrying solely about Southeast Asia , not the United States .
[746] In contrast , he told
[747] us , the FBI tends to play `` man-to-man . ''
[748] Desk officers at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit did not have `` cases '' in the same sense as
[749] an FBI agent who works an investigation from beginning to end .
[750] Thus , when the trail
[751] went cold after the Kuala Lumpur meeting in January 2000 , the desk officer moved on
[752] to different things .
[753] By the time the March 2000 cable arrived with information that
[754] one of the travelers had flown to Los Angeles , the case officer was no longer
[755] responsible for follow-up .
[756] While several individuals at the Bin Ladin unit opened
[757] the cable when it arrived in March 2000 , no action was taken .
[758] The CIA 's zone defense concentrated on `` where , '' not `` who . ''
[759] Had its information been
[760] shared with the FBI , a combination of the CIA 's zone defense and the FBI 's
[761] man-to-man approach might have been productive .
[762] June 2001 : The Meeting in New York
[763] '' John 's '' review of the Kuala Lumpur meeting did set off some more sharing of
[764] information , getting the attention of an FBI analyst whom we will call `` Jane . ''
[765] '' Jane '' was assigned to the FBI 's Cole investigation .
[766] She knew that another terrorist
[767] involved in that operation , Fahd al Quso , had traveled to Bangkok in January 2000 to
[768] give money to Khallad .
[769] '' Jane '' and the CIA analyst , '' Dave , '' had been working together on Colerelated issues .
[770] Chasing Quso 's trail , `` Dave '' suggested showing some photographs to FBI agents in New
[771] York who were working on the Cole case and had interviewed Quso .
[772] '' John '' gave three Kuala Lumpur surveillance pictures to `` Jane '' to show to the New
[773] York agents .
[774] She was told that one of the individuals in the photographs was someone
[775] named Khalid al Mihdhar .
[776] She did not know why the photographs had been taken or why
[777] the Kuala Lumpur travel might be significant , and she was not told that someone had
[778] identified Khallad in the photographs .
[779] When `` Jane '' did some research in a database
[780] for intelligence reports , Intelink , she found the original NSA reports on the
[781] planning for the meeting .
[782] Because the CIA had not disseminated reports on its
[783] tracking of Mihdhar , `` Jane '' did not pull up any information about Mihdhar 's U.S. visa
[784] or about travel to the United States by Hazmi or Mihdhar .
[785] '' Jane , '' '' Dave , '' and an FBI analyst who was on detail to the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit went
[786] to New York on June 11 to meet with the agents about the Cole case .
[787] '' Jane '' brought
[788] the surveillance pictures .
[789] At some point in the meeting she showed the photographs
[790] to the agents and asked whether they recognized Quso in any of them .
[791] The agents
[792] asked questions about the photographs- Why were they taken ?
[793] Why were these people
[794] being followed ?
[795] Where are the rest of the photographs ?
[796] The only information `` Jane '' had about the meeting-other than the photographs-were the
[797] NSA reports that she had found on Intelink .
[798] These reports , however , contained
[799] caveats that their contents could not be shared with criminal investigators without
[800] the permission of the Justice Department 's Office of Intelligence Policy and Review
[801] ( OIPR ) .
[802] Therefore `` Jane '' concluded that she could not pass on information from those
[803] reports to the agents .
[804] This decision was potentially significant , because the
[805] signals intelligence she did not share linked Mihdhar to a suspected terrorist
[806] facility in the Middle East .
[807] The agents would have established a link to the
[808] suspected facility from their work on the embassy bombings case .
[809] This link would
[810] have made them very interested in learning more about Mihdhar .
[811] The sad irony is that the agents who found the source were being kept from obtaining
[812] the fruits of their own work .
[813] '' Dave , '' the CIA analyst , knew more about the Kuala
[814] Lumpur meeting .
[815] He knew that Mihdhar possessed a U.S. visa , that his visa
[816] application indicated that he intended to travel to New York , that Hazmi had
[817] traveled to Los Angeles , and that a source had put Mihdhar in the company of
[818] Khallad .
[819] No one at the meeting asked him what he knew ; he did not volunteer
[820] anything .
[821] He told investigators that as a CIA analyst , he was not authorized to
[822] answer FBI questions regarding CIA information . ''
[823] Jane '' said she assumed that if
[824] '' Dave '' knew the answers to questions , he would have volunteered them .
[825] The New York
[826] agents left the meeting without obtaining information that might have started them
[827] looking for Mihdhar .
[828] Mihdhar had been a weak link in al Qaeda 's operational planning .
[829] He had left the
[830] United States in June 2000 , a mistake KSM realized could endanger the entire
[831] plan-for to continue with the operation , Mihdhar would have to travel to the United
[832] States again .
[833] And unlike other operatives , Mihdhar was not `` clean '' : he had jihadist
[834] connections .
[835] It was just such connections that had brought him to the attention of
[836] U.S. officials .
[837] Nevertheless , in this case KSM 's fears were not realized .
[838] Mihdhar received a new U.S.
[839] visa two days after the CIA - FBI meeting in New York .
[840] He flew to New York City on
[841] July 4 .
[842] No one was looking for him .
[843] August 2001 : The Search for Mihdhar and Hazmi Begins and Fails
[844] During the summer of 2001 `` John , '' following a good instinct but not as part of any
[845] formal assignment , asked `` Mary , '' an FBI analyst detailed to the CIA 's Bin Ladin
[846] unit , to review all the Kuala Lumpur materials one more time .
[847] She had been at the
[848] New York meeting with `` Jane '' and `` Dave '' but had not looked into the issues yet
[849] herself . ''
[850] John '' asked her to do the research in her free time .
[851] '' Mary '' began her work on July 24 .
[852] That day , she found the cable reporting that
[853] Mihdhar had a visa to the United States .
[854] A week later , she found the cable reporting
[855] that Mihdhar 's visa application-what was later discovered to be his first
[856] application-listed New York as his destination .
[857] On August 21 , she located the March
[858] 2000 cable that `` noted with interest '' that Hazmi had flown to Los Angeles in January
[859] 2000 .
[860] She immediately grasped the significance of this information .
[861] '' Mary '' and `` Jane '' promptly met with an INS representative at FBI headquarters .
[862] On
[863] August 22 , the INS told them that Mihdhar had entered the United States on January
[864] 15, 2000 , and again on July 4, 2001 .
[865] '' Jane '' and `` Mary '' also learned that there was
[866] no record that Hazmi had left the country since January 2000 , and they assumed he
[867] had left with Mihdhar in June 2000 .
[868] They decided that if Mihdhar was in the United
[869] States , he should be found .
[870] They divided up the work . ''
[871] Mary '' asked the Bin Ladin unit to draft a cable requesting
[872] that Mihdhar and Hazmi be put on the TIPOFF watchlist .
[873] Both Hazmi and Mihdhar were
[874] added to this watchlist on August 24 .
[875] '' Jane '' took responsibility for the search effort inside the United States .
[876] As the
[877] information indicated that Mihdhar had last arrived in New York , she began drafting
[878] what is known as a lead for the FBI 's New York Field Office .
[879] A lead relays
[880] information from one part of the FBI to another and requests that a particular
[881] action be taken .
[882] She called an agent in New York to give him a `` headsup '' on the
[883] matter , but her draft lead was not sent until August 28 .
[884] Her email told the New York
[885] agent that she wanted him to get started as soon as possible , but she labeled the
[886] lead as `` Routine '' -a designation that informs the receiving office that it has 30
[887] days to respond .
[888] The agent who received the lead forwarded it to his squad supervisor .
[889] That same day,
[890] the supervisor forwarded the lead to an intelligence agent to open an intelligence
[891] case-an agent who thus was behind `` the wall '' keeping FBI intelligence information
[892] from being shared with criminal prosecutors .
[893] He also sent it to the Cole case agents
[894] and an agent who had spent significant time in Malaysia searching for another
[895] Khalid : Khalid Sheikh Mohammad .
[896] The suggested goal of the investigation was to locate Mihdhar , determine his contacts
[897] and reasons for being in the United States , and possibly conduct an interview .
[898] Before sending the lead , `` Jane '' had discussed it with `` John , '' the CIA official on
[899] detail to the FBI .
[900] She had also checked with the acting head of the FBI 's Bin Ladin
[901] unit .
[902] The discussion seems to have been limited to whether the search should be
[903] classified as an intelligence investigation or as a criminal one .
[904] It appears that no
[905] one informed higher levels of management in either the FBI or CIA about the
[906] case .
[907] There is no evidence that the lead , or the search for these terrorist suspects , was
[908] substantively discussed at any level above deputy chief of a section within the
[909] Counterterrorism Division at FBI headquarters .
[910] One of the Cole case agents read the lead with interest , and contacted `` Jane '' to
[911] obtain more information . ''
[912] Jane '' argued , however , that because the agent was
[913] designated a `` criminal ''
[914] FBI agent , not an intelligence FBI agent , the wall kept him
[915] from participating in any search for Mihdhar .
[916] In fact , she felt he had to destroy
[917] his copy of the lead because it contained NSA information from reports that included
[918] caveats ordering that the information not be shared without OIPR 's permission .
[919] The
[920] agent asked `` Jane '' to get an opinion from the FBI 's National Security Law Unit
[921] ( NSLU ) on whether he could open a criminal case on Mihdhar .
[922] '' Jane '' sent an email to the Cole case agent explaining that according to the NSLU ,
[923] the case could be opened only as an intelligence matter , and that if Mihdhar was
[924] found , only designated intelligence agents could conduct or even be present at any
[925] interview .
[926] She appears to have misunderstood the complex rules that could apply to
[927] this situation .
[928] The FBI agent angrily responded:
[929] Whatever has happened to this-someday someone will die-and wall or not-the
[930] public will not understand why we were not more effective and throwing every
[931] resource we had at certain `` problems . ''
[932] Let 's hope the National Security Law Unit
[933] will stand behind their decisions then , especially since the biggest threat to
[934] us now , UBL , is getting the most `` protection . ''
[935] '' Jane" replied that she was not making up the rules ; she claimed that they were in
[936] the relevant manual and `` ordered by the [ FISA ] Court and every office of the FBI is
[937] required to follow them including FBI NY . ''
[938] It is now clear that everyone involved was confused about the rules governing the
[939] sharing and use of information gathered in intelligence channels .
[940] Because Mihdhar
[941] was being sought for his possible connection to or knowledge of the Cole bombing , he
[942] could be investigated or tracked under the existing Cole criminal case .
[943] No new
[944] criminal case was needed for the criminal agent to begin searching for Mihdhar .
[945] And
[946] as NSA had approved the passage of its information to the criminal agent , he could
[947] have conducted a search using all available information .
[948] As a result of this
[949] confusion , the criminal agents who were knowledgeable about al Qaeda and experienced
[950] with criminal investigative techniques , including finding suspects and possible
[951] criminal charges , were thus excluded from the search .
[952] The search was assigned to one FBI agent , and it was his very first counterterrorism
[953] lead .
[954] Because the lead was `` routine , '' he was given 30 days to open an intelligence
[955] case and make some unspecified efforts to locate Mihdhar .
[956] He started the process a
[957] few days later .
[958] He checked local New York databases for criminal record and driver 's
[959] license information and checked the hotel listed on Mihdhar 's U.S. entry form .
[960] Finally , on September 11 , the agent sent a lead to Los Angeles , because Mihdhar had
[961] initially arrived in Los Angeles in January 2000 .
[962] We believe that if more resources had been applied and a significantly different
[963] approach taken , Mihdhar and Hazmi might have been found .
[964] They had used their true
[965] names in the United States .
[966] Still , the investigators would have needed luck as well
[967] as skill to find them prior to September 11 even if such searches had begun as early
[968] as August 23 , when the lead was first drafted .
[969] Many FBI witnesses have suggested that even if Mihdhar had been found , there was
[970] nothing the agents could have done except follow him onto the planes .
[971] We believe
[972] this is incorrect .
[973] Both Hazmi and Mihdhar could have been held for immigration
[974] violations or as material witnesses in the Cole bombing case .
[975] Investigation or
[976] interrogation of them , and investigation of their travel and financial activities,
[977] could have yielded evidence of connections to other participants in the 9/11 plot .
[978] The simple fact of their detention could have derailed the plan .
[979] In any case , the
[980] opportunity did not arise .
[981] Phoenix Memo
[982] The Phoenix memo was investigated thoroughly by the Joint Inquiry and the Department
[983] of Justice Inspector General.86We will recap it briefly here .
[984] In July 2001 , an FBI
[985] agent in the Phoenix field office sent a memo to FBI headquarters and to two agents
[986] on international terrorism squads in the New York Field Office , advising of the
[987] '' possibility of a coordinated effort by Usama Bin Ladin '' to send students to the
[988] United States to attend civil aviation schools .
[989] The agent based his theory on the
[990] '' inordinate number of individuals of investigative interest '' attending such schools
[991] in Arizona .
[992] The agent made four recommendations to FBI headquarters : to compile a list of civil
[993] aviation schools , establish liaison with those schools , discuss his theories about
[994] Bin Ladin with the intelligence community , and seek authority to obtain visa
[995] information on persons applying to flight schools .
[996] His recommendations were not
[997] acted on .
[998] His memo was forwarded to one field office .
[999] Managers of the Usama Bin
[1000] Ladin unit and the Radical Fundamentalist unit at FBI headquarters were addressees,
[1001] but they did not even see the memo until after September 11 .
[1002] No managers at
[1003] headquarters saw the memo before September 11 , and the New York Field Office took no
[1004] action .
[1005] As its author told investigators , the Phoenix memo was not an alert about suicide
[1006] pilots .
[1007] His worry was more about a Pan Am Flight 103 scenario in which explosives
[1008] were placed on an aircraft .
[1009] The memo 's references to aviation training were broad,
[1010] including aeronautical engineering .
[1011] If the memo had been distributed in a timely fashion and its recommendations acted on
[1012] promptly , we do not believe it would have uncovered the plot .
[1013] It might well,
[1014] however , have sensitized the FBI so that it might have taken the Moussaoui matter
[1015] more seriously the next month .
[1016] Zacarias Moussaoui
[1017] On August 15, 2001 , the Minneapolis FBI Field Office initiated an intelligence
[1018] investigation on Zacarias Moussaoui .
[1019] As mentioned in chapter 7 , he had entered the
[1020] United States in February 2001 , and had begun flight lessons at Airman Flight School
[1021] in Norman , Oklahoma .
[1022] He resumed his training at the Pan Am International Flight
[1023] Academy in Eagan , Minnesota , starting on August 13 .
[1024] He had none of the usual
[1025] qualifications for flight training on Pan Am 's Boeing 747 flight simulators .
[1026] He said
[1027] he did not intend to become a commercial pilot but wanted the training as an `` ego
[1028] boosting thing . ''
[1029] Moussaoui stood out because , with little knowledge of flying , he
[1030] wanted to learn how to `` take off and land '' a Boeing 747 .
[1031] The agent in Minneapolis quickly learned that Moussaoui possessed jihadist beliefs .
[1032] Moreover , Moussaoui had $32,000 in a bank account but did not provide a plausible
[1033] explanation for this sum of money .
[1034] He had traveled to Pakistan but became agitated
[1035] when asked if he had traveled to nearby countries while in Pakistan ( Pakistan was
[1036] the customary route to the training camps in Afghanistan ) .
[1037] He planned to receive
[1038] martial arts training , and intended to purchase a global positioning receiver .
[1039] The
[1040] agent also noted that Moussaoui became extremely agitated whenever he was questioned
[1041] regarding his religious beliefs .
[1042] The agent concluded that Moussaoui was `` an Islamic
[1043] extremist preparing for some future act in furtherance of radical fundamentalist
[1044] goals . ''
[1045] He also believed Moussaoui 's plan was related to his flight training .
[1046] Moussaoui can be seen as an al Qaeda mistake and a missed opportunity .
[1047] An apparently
[1048] unreliable operative , he had fallen into the hands of the FBI .
[1049] As discussed in
[1050] chapter 7 , Moussaoui had been in contact with and received money from Ramzi
[1051] Binalshibh .
[1052] If Moussaoui had been connected to al Qaeda , questions should instantly
[1053] have arisen about a possible al Qaeda plot that involved piloting airliners , a
[1054] possibility that had never been seriously analyzed by the intelligence community .
[1055] The FBI agent who handled the case in conjunction with the INS representative on the
[1056] Minneapolis Joint Terrorism Task Force suspected that Moussaoui might be planning to
[1057] hijack a plane .
[1058] Minneapolis and FBI headquarters debated whether Moussaoui should be
[1059] arrested immediately or surveilled to obtain additional information .
[1060] Because it was
[1061] not clear whether Moussaoui could be imprisoned , the FBI case agent decided the most
[1062] important thing was to prevent Moussaoui from obtaining any further training that he
[1063] could use to carry out a potential attack .
[1064] As a French national who had overstayed his visa , Moussaoui could be detained
[1065] immediately .
[1066] The INS arrested Moussaoui on the immigration violation .
[1067] A deportation
[1068] order was signed on August 17, 2001 .
[1069] The agents in Minnesota were concerned that the U.S. Attorney's Office in Minneapolis
[1070] would find insufficient probable cause of a crime to obtain a criminal warrant to
[1071] search Moussaoui 's laptop computer .
[1072] Agents at FBI headquarters believed there was insufficient probable cause .
[1073] Minneapolis therefore sought a special warrant under the Foreign Intelligence
[1074] Surveillance Act to conduct the search ( we introduced FISA in chapter 3 ) .
[1075] To do so , however , the FBI needed to demonstrate probable cause that Moussaoui was an
[1076] agent of a foreign power , a demonstration that was not required to obtain a criminal
[1077] warrant but was a statutory requirement for a FISA warrant .
[1078] The case agent did not have sufficient information to connect Moussaoui to a `` foreign
[1079] power , '' so he reached out for help , in the United States and overseas .
[1080] The FBI agent 's August 18 message requested assistance from the FBI legal attach� in
[1081] Paris .
[1082] Moussaoui had lived in London , so the Minneapolis agent sought assistance
[1083] from the legal attach� there as well .
[1084] By August 24 , the Minneapolis agent had also
[1085] contacted an FBI detailee and a CIA desk officer at the Counterterrorist Center
[1086] about the case .
[1087] The FBI legal attach� 's office in Paris first contacted the French government on
[1088] August 16 or 17 , shortly after speaking to the Minneapolis case agent on the
[1089] telephone .
[1090] On August 22 and 27 , the French provided information that made a
[1091] connection between Moussaoui and a rebel leader in Chechnya , Ibn al Khattab .
[1092] This
[1093] set off a spirited debate between the Minneapolis Field Office , FBI headquarters,
[1094] and the CIA as to whether the Chechen rebels and Khattab were sufficiently
[1095] associated with a terrorist organization to constitute a `` foreign power '' for
[1096] purposes of the FISA statute .
[1097] FBI headquarters did not believe this was good enough,
[1098] and its National Security Law Unit declined to submit a FISA application .
[1099] After receiving the written request for assistance , the legal attach� in London had
[1100] promptly forwarded it to his counterparts in the British government , hand-delivering
[1101] the request on August 21 .
[1102] On August 24 , the CIA also sent a cable to London and
[1103] Paris regarding `` subjects involved in suspicious 747 flight training '' that described
[1104] Moussaoui as a possible `` suicide hijacker . ''
[1105] On August 28 , the CIA sent a request for
[1106] information to a different service of the British government ; this communication
[1107] warned that Moussaoui might be expelled to Britain by the end of August .
[1108] The FBI
[1109] office in London raised the matter briefly with British officials as an aside , after
[1110] a meeting about a more urgent matter on September 3 , and sent the British service a
[1111] written update on September 5 .
[1112] The case was not handled by the British as a priority
[1113] amid a large number of other terrorist-related inquiries .
[1114] On September 4 , the FBI sent a teletype to the CIA , the FAA , the Customs Service , the
[1115] State Department , the INS , and the Secret Service summarizing the known facts
[1116] regarding Moussaoui .
[1117] It did not report the case agent 's personal assessment that
[1118] Moussaoui planned to hijack an airplane .
[1119] It did contain the FAA 's comment that it
[1120] was not unusual for Middle Easterners to attend flight training schools in the
[1121] United States .
[1122] Although the Minneapolis agents wanted to tell the FAA from the beginning about
[1123] Moussaoui , FBI headquarters instructed Minneapolis that it could not share the more
[1124] complete report the case agent had prepared for the FAA .
[1125] The Minneapolis supervisor
[1126] sent the case agent in person to the local FAA office to fill in what he thought
[1127] were gaps in the FBI headquarters teletype .
[1128] No FAA actions seem to have been taken in response .
[1129] There was substantial disagreement between Minneapolis agents and FBI headquarters as
[1130] to what Moussaoui was planning to do .
[1131] In one conversation between a Minneapolis
[1132] supervisor and a headquarters agent , the latter complained that Minneapolis 's FISA
[1133] request was couched in a manner intended to get people `` spun up . ''
[1134] The supervisor
[1135] replied that was precisely his intent .
[1136] He said he was `` trying to keep someone from
[1137] taking a plane and crashing into the World Trade Center . ''
[1138] The headquarters agent
[1139] replied that this was not going to happen and that they did not know if Moussaoui
[1140] was a terrorist .
[1141] There is no evidence that either FBI Acting Director Pickard or Assistant Director
[1142] for Counterterrorism Dale Watson was briefed on the Moussaoui case prior to 9/11 .
[1143] Michael Rolince , the FBI assistant director heading the Bureau 's
[1144] InternationalTerrorism Operations Section ( ITOS ) , recalled being told about
[1145] Moussaoui in two passing hallway conversations but only in the context that he might
[1146] be receiving telephone calls from Minneapolis complaining about how headquarters was
[1147] handling the matter .
[1148] He never received such a call .
[1149] Although the acting special
[1150] agent in charge of Minneapolis called the ITOS supervisors to discuss the Moussaoui
[1151] case on August 27 , he declined to go up the chain of command at FBI headquarters and
[1152] call Rolince .
[1153] On August 23 , DCI Tenet was briefed about the Moussaoui case in a briefing titled
[1154] '' Islamic Extremist Learns to Fly . ''
[1155] Tenet was also told
[1156] that Moussaoui wanted to learn to fly a 747 , paid for his training in cash , was
[1157] interested to learn the doors do not open in flight , and wanted to fly a simulated
[1158] flight from London to New York .
[1159] He was told that the FBI had arrested Moussaoui
[1160] because of a visa overstay and that the CIA was working the case with the FBI .
[1161] Tenet
[1162] told us that no connection to al Qaeda was apparent to him at the time .
[1163] Seeing it as
[1164] an FBI case , he did not discuss the matter with anyone at the White House or the
[1165] FBI .
[1166] No connection was made between Moussaoui 's presence in the United States and
[1167] the threat reporting during the summer of 2001 .
[1168] On September 11 , after the attacks , the FBI office in London renewed their appeal for
[1169] information about Moussaoui .
[1170] In response to U.S. requests , the British government
[1171] supplied some basic biographical information about Moussaoui .
[1172] The British government
[1173] informed us that it also immediately tasked intelligence collection facilities for
[1174] information about Moussaoui .
[1175] On September 13 , the British government received new,
[1176] sensitive intelligence that Moussaoui had attended an al Qaeda training camp in
[1177] Afghanistan .
[1178] It passed this intelligence to the United States on the same day .
[1179] Had
[1180] this information been available in late August 2001 , the Moussaoui case would almost
[1181] certainly have received intense , high-level attention .
[1182] The FBI also learned after 9/11 that the millennium terrorist Ressam , who by 2001 was
[1183] cooperating with investigators , recognized Moussaoui as someone who had been in the
[1184] Afghan camps .
[1185] As mentioned above , before 9/11 the FBI agents in Minneapolis had failed to persuade
[1186] supervisors at headquarters that there was enough evidence to seek a FISA warrant to
[1187] search Moussaoui 's computer hard drive and belongings .
[1188] Either the British
[1189] information or the Ressam identification would have broken the logjam .
[1190] A maximum U.S. effort to investigate Moussaoui conceivably could have unearthed his
[1191] connections to Binalshibh .
[1192] Those connections might have brought investigators to the
[1193] core of the 9/11 plot .
[1194] The Binalshibh connection was recognized shortly after 9/11,
[1195] though it was not an easy trail to find .
[1196] Discovering it would have required quick
[1197] and very substantial cooperation from the German government , which might well have
[1198] been difficult to obtain .
[1199] However , publicity about Moussaoui 's arrest and a possible
[1200] hijacking threat might have derailed the plot.107With time , the search for Mihdhar
[1201] and Hazmi and the investigation of Moussaoui might also have led to a breakthrough
[1202] that would have disrupted the plot .
[1203] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
[1204] Another late opportunity was presented by a confluence of information regarding
[1205] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed received by the intelligence community in the summer of 2001 .
[1206] The possible links between KSM , Moussaoui , and an individual only later identified
[1207] as Ramzi Binalshibh would remain undiscovered , however .
[1208] Although we readily equate KSM with al Qaeda today , this was not the case before
[1209] 9/11 .
[1210] KSM , who had been indicted in January 1996 for his role in the Manila air
[1211] plot , was seen primarily as another freelance terrorist , associated with Ramzi
[1212] Yousef .
[1213] Because the links between KSM and Bin Ladin or al Qaeda were not recognized
[1214] at the time , responsibility for KSM remained in the small Islamic Extremist Branch
[1215] of the Counterterrorist Center , not in the Bin Ladin unit .
[1216] Moreover , because KSM had already been indicted , he became targeted for arrest .
[1217] In
[1218] 1997 , the Counterterrorist Center added a Renditions Branch to help find wanted
[1219] fugitives .
[1220] Responsibility for KSM was transferred to this branch , which gave the CIA
[1221] a `` man-to-man '' focus but was not an analytical unit .
[1222] When subsequent information
[1223] came , more critical for analysis than for tracking , no unit had the job of following
[1224] up on what the information might mean .
[1225] For example , in September 2000 , a source had reported that an individual named Khalid
[1226] al-Shaykh al-Ballushi was a key lieutenant in al Qaeda .
[1227] Al- Ballushi means `` from
[1228] Baluchistan , '' and KSM is from Baluchistan .
[1229] Recognizing the possible significance of
[1230] this information , the Bin Ladin unit sought more information .
[1231] When no information
[1232] was forthcoming , the Bin Ladin unit dropped the matter .
[1233] When additional pieces of the puzzle arrived in the spring and summer of 2001 , they
[1234] were not put together .
[1235] The first piece of the puzzle concerned some intriguing information associated with a
[1236] person known as `` Mukhtar '' that the CIA had begun analyzing in April 2001 .
[1237] The CIA
[1238] did not know who Mukhtar was at the time-only that he associated with al Qaeda
[1239] lieutenant Abu Zubaydah and that , based on the nature of the information , he was
[1240] evidently involved in planning possible terrorist activities .
[1241] The second piece of the puzzle was some alarming information regarding KSM .
[1242] On June
[1243] 12, 2001 , a CIA report said that `` Khaled '' was actively recruiting people to travel
[1244] outside Afghanistan , including to the United States where colleagues were reportedly
[1245] already in the country to meet them , to carry out terrorist-related activities for
[1246] Bin Ladin .
[1247] CIA headquarters presumed from the details of the reporting that this
[1248] person was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
[1249] In July , the same source was shown a series of
[1250] photographs and identified a photograph of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed as the Khaled he
[1251] had previously discussed .
[1252] The final piece of the puzzle arrived at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit on August 28 in a
[1253] cable reporting that KSM 's nickname was Mukhtar .
[1254] No one made the connection to the
[1255] reports about Mukhtar that had been circulated in the spring .
[1256] This connection might
[1257] also have underscored concern about the June reporting that KSM was recruiting
[1258] terrorists to travel , including to the United States .
[1259] Only after 9/11 would it be
[1260] discovered that Muhktar/KSM had communicated with a phone that was used by
[1261] Binalshibh , and that Binalshibh had used the same phone to communicate with
[1262] Moussaoui , as discussed in chapter 7 .
[1263] As in the Moussaoui situation already
[1264] described , the links to Binalshibh might not have been an easy trail to find and
[1265] would have required substantial cooperation from the German government .
[1266] But time was
[1267] short , and running out .
[1268] Time Runs Out
[1269] As Tenet told us , `` the system was blinking red '' during the summer of 2001 .
[1270] Officials
[1271] were alerted across the world .
[1272] Many were doing everything they possibly could to
[1273] respond to the threats .
[1274] Yet no one working on these late leads in the summer of 2001 connected the case in
[1275] his or her in-box to the threat reports agitating senior officials and being briefed
[1276] to the President .
[1277] Thus , these individual cases did not become national priorities .
[1278] As the CIA supervisor `` John" told us , no one looked at the bigger picture ; no
[1279] analytic work foresaw the lightning that could connect the thundercloud to the
[1280] ground .
[1281] We see little evidence that the progress of the plot was disturbed by any government
[1282] action .
[1283] The U.S. government was unable to capitalize on mistakes made by al Qaeda .
[1284] Time ran out .

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[full-text sentence (4154255) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 '' THE SYSTEM WAS BLINKING RED"
  
  
  
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 THE SUMMER OF THREAT
  
  
  
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 As 2001 began , counterterrorism officials were receiving 
  
  
  
 
 frequent but fragmentary
  
  
  
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 reports about threats .
  
  
  
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 Indeed , there appeared to be possible threats almost
  
  
  
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 everywhere the United States had interests-including at home .
  
  
  
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 To understand how the escalation in threat reporting was handled 
  
  
  
 
 in the summer of
  
  
  
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 2001 , it is useful to understand how threat information in 
  
  
  
 
 general is collected and
  
  
  
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 conveyed .
  
  
  
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 Information is collected through several methods , including 
  
  
  
 
 signals
  
  
  
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 intelligence and interviews of human sources , and gathered into 
  
  
  
 
 intelligence
  
  
  
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 reports .
  
  
  
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 Depending on the source and nature of the reporting , these 
  
  
  
 
 reports may be
  
  
  
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 highly classified-and therefore tightly held-or less sensitive 
  
  
  
 
 and widely
  
  
  
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 disseminated to state and local law enforcement agencies .
  
  
  
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 Threat reporting must be
  
  
  
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 disseminated , either through individual reports or through 
  
  
  
 
 threat advisories .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154272) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 Such
  
  
  
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 advisories , intended to alert their recipients , may address a 
  
  
  
 
 specific threat or be
  
  
  
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 a general warning .
  
  
  
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 Because the amount of reporting is so voluminous , only a select 
  
  
  
 
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 chosen for briefing the president and senior officials .
  
  
  
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 During 2001 , Director of
  
  
  
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 Central Intelligence GeorgeTenet was briefed regularly regarding 
  
  
  
 
 threats and other
  
  
  
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 operational information relating to Usama Bin Ladin .
  
  
  
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 He in turn met daily with President Bush , who was briefed by the
  
  
  
 
  CIA through what is
  
  
  
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 known as the President 's Daily Brief ( PDB ) .
  
  
  
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 Each PDB consists of a series of six to
  
  
  
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 eight relatively short articles or briefs covering a broad array 
  
  
  
 
 of topics ; CIA
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154284) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 staff decides which subjects are the most important on any given 
  
  
  
 
 day .
  
  
  
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 There were
  
  
  
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 more than 40 intelligence articles in the PDBs from January 20 to
  
  
  
 
  September 10 ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154287) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 2001 , that related to Bin Ladin .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154288) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The PDB is considered highly sensitive and is
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154289) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 distributed to only a handful of high-level officials .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154290) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The Senior Executive Intelligence Brief ( SEIB ) , distributed to
  
  
  
 
  a broader group of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154291) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 officials , has a similar format and generally covers the same 
  
  
  
 
 subjects as the PDB .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154292) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It usually contains less information so as to protect sources and
  
  
  
 
  methods .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154293) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Like
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154294) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 their predecessors , the Attorney General , the FBI Director , 
  
  
  
 
 and Richard Clarke , the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154295) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 National Security Council ( NSC ) counterterrorism coordinator , 
  
  
  
 
 all received the SEIB ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154296) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 not the PDB .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154297) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Clarke and his staff had extensive access to terrorism reporting 
  
  
  
 
 , but they did not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154298) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 have access to internal , nondisseminated information at the 
  
  
  
 
 National Security Agency
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154299) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 ( NSA ) , CIA , or FBI .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154300) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The Drumbeat Begins In the spring of 2001 , the level of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154301) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased 
  
  
  
 
 dramatically to its
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154302) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 highest level since the millennium alert .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154303) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 At the end of March , the intelligence
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154304) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 community disseminated a terrorist threat advisory , indicating a
  
  
  
 
  heightened threat
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154305) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 of Sunni extremist terrorist attacks against U.S. facilities , 
  
  
  
 
 personnel , and other
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154306) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 interests .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154307) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On March 23 , in connection with discussions about possibly 
  
  
  
 
 reopening Pennsylvania
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154308) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Avenue in front of the White House , Clarke warned National 
  
  
  
 
 Security Advisor
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154309) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Condoleezza Rice that domestic or foreign terrorists might use a 
  
  
  
 
 truck bomb-their
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154310) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' weapon of choice '' -on Pennsylvania Avenue .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154311) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 That would result , he said , in the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154312) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 destruction of the West Wing and parts of the residence .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154313) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 5 He also told her that he
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154314) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 thought there were terrorist cells within the United States , 
  
  
  
 
 including al Qaeda .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154315) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The next week , Rice was briefed on the activities of Abu 
  
  
  
 
 Zubaydah and on CIA efforts
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154316) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to locate him .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154317) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 As pointed out in chapter 6 , Abu Zubaydah had been a major 
  
  
  
 
 figure in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154318) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the millennium plots .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154319) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Over the next few weeks , the CIA repeatedly issued
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154320) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 warnings-including calls from DCI Tenet to Clarke -that Abu 
  
  
  
 
 Zubaydah was planning an
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154321) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 operation in the near future .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154322) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 One report cited a source indicating that Abu Zubaydah
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154323) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 was planning an attack in a country that CIA analysts thought 
  
  
  
 
 might be Israel , or
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154324) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 perhaps Saudi Arabia or India .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154325) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Clarke relayed these reports to Rice .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154326) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In response to these threats , the FBI sent a message to all its 
  
  
  
 
 field offices on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154327) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 April 13 , summarizing reporting to date .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154328) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It asked the offices to task all resources,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154329) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 including human sources and electronic databases , for any 
  
  
  
 
 information pertaining to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154330) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' current operational activities relating to Sunni extremism . 
  
  
  
 
 ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154331) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It did not suggest
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154332) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 that there was a domestic threat .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154333) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The interagency Counterterrorism Security Group ( CSG ) that 
  
  
  
 
 Clarke chaired discussed
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154334) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the Abu Zubaydah reports on April 19 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154335) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The next day , a briefing to top officials
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154336) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reported `` Bin Ladin planning multiple operations . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154337) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 When the deputies discussed al
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154338) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Qaeda policy on April 30 , they began with a briefing on the 
  
  
  
 
 threat .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154339) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In May 2001 , the drumbeat of reporting grew louder with reports 
  
  
  
 
 to top officials that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154340) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Bin Ladin public profile may presage attack '' and `` Bin 
  
  
  
 
 Ladin network 's plans
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154341) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 advancing . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154342) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In early May , a walk-in to the FBI claimed there was a plan to 
  
  
  
 
 launch
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154343) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 attacks on London , Boston , and New York .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154344) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Attorney General John Ashcroft was briefed
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154345) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 by the CIA on May 15 regarding al Qaeda generally and the current
  
  
  
 
  threat reporting
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154346) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 specifically .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154347) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The next day brought a report that a phone call to a U.S. embassy
  
  
  
 
  had
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154348) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 warned that Bin Ladin supporters were planning an attack in the 
  
  
  
 
 United States using
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154349) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' high explosives . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154350) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On May 17 , based on the previous day 's report , the first item 
  
  
  
 
 on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154351) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the CSG 's agenda was `` UBL : Operation Planned in U.S. ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154352) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154353) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 anonymous caller 's tip could not be corroborated .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154354) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Late May brought reports of a possible hostage plot against 
  
  
  
 
 Americans abroad to force
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154355) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the release of prisoners , including Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman , 
  
  
  
 
 the `` Blind Sheikh , ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154356) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 who was serving a life sentence for his role in the 1993 plot to 
  
  
  
 
 blow up sites in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154357) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 New York City .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154358) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The reporting noted that operatives might opt to hijack an 
  
  
  
 
 aircraft
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154359) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 or storm a U.S. embassy .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154360) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 This report led to a Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA )
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154361) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 information circular to airlines noting the potential for `` an 
  
  
  
 
 airline hijacking to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154362) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 free terrorists incarcerated in the United States . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154363) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Other reporting mentioned that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154364) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Abu Zubaydah was planning an attack , possibly against Israel , 
  
  
  
 
 and expected to carry
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154365) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 out several more if things went well .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154366) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On May 24 alone , counterterrorism officials
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154367) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 grappled with reports alleging plots in Yemen and Italy , as well
  
  
  
 
  as a report about a
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154368) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 cell in Canada that an anonymous caller had claimed might be 
  
  
  
 
 planning an attack
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154369) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 against the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154370) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Reports similar to many of these were made available to President
  
  
  
 
  Bush in morning
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154371) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 intelligence briefings with DCI Tenet , usually attended by Vice 
  
  
  
 
 President Dick
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154372) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Cheney and National Security Advisor Rice .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154373) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 While these briefings discussed general
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154374) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 threats to attack America and American interests , the specific 
  
  
  
 
 threats mentioned in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154375) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 these briefings were all overseas .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154376) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On May 29 , Clarke suggested that Rice ask DCI Tenet what more 
  
  
  
 
 the United States could
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154377) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 do to stop Abu Zubaydah from launching '' a series of major 
  
  
  
 
 terrorist attacks , ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154378) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 probably on Israeli targets , but possibly on U.S. facilities .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154379) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Clarke wrote to Rice
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154380) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 19 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and her deputy , Stephen Hadley , `` When these attacks occur , 
  
  
  
 
 as they likely will , we
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154381) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 will wonder what more we could have done to stop them . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154382) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In May , CIA Counterterrorist
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154383) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 19 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Center ( CTC ) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that the current 
  
  
  
 
 threat level was a 7 on a
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154384) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 scale of 1 to 10 , as compared to an 8 during the millennium .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154385) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 High Probability of Near-Term `` Spectacular ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154386) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Attacks
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154387) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Threat reports surged in June and July , reaching an even higher 
  
  
  
 
 peak of urgency .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154388) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154389) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 summer threats seemed to be focused on Saudi Arabia , Israel , 
  
  
  
 
 Bahrain , Kuwait , Yemen ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154390) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and possibly Rome , but the danger could be anywhere- including a
  
  
  
 
  possible attack on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154391) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the G-8 summit in Genoa .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154392) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 A June 12 CIA report passing along biographical background
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154393) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 information on several terrorists mentioned , in commenting on 
  
  
  
 
 Khalid Sheikh
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154394) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Mohammed , that he was recruiting people to travel to the United 
  
  
  
 
 States to meet with
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154395) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 colleagues already there so that they might conduct terrorist 
  
  
  
 
 attacks on Bin Ladin 's
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154396) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 behalf .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154397) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On June 22 , the CIA notified all its station chiefs about 
  
  
  
 
 intelligence
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154398) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 suggesting a possible al Qaeda suicide attack on a U.S. target 
  
  
  
 
 over the next few
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154399) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 days .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154400) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 DCITenet asked that all U.S. ambassadors be briefed .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154401) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 That same day , the State Department notified all embassies of 
  
  
  
 
 the terrorist threat
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154402) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
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 and updated its worldwide public warning .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154403) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 In June , the State Department initiated
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154404) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 the Visa Express program in Saudi Arabia as a security measure , 
  
  
  
 
 in order to keep
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154405) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 long lines of foreigners away from vulnerable embassy spaces .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154406) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 The program permitted
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154407) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 visa applications to be made through travel agencies , instead of
  
  
  
 
  directly at the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154408) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 embassy or consulate .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154409) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 A terrorist threat advisory distributed in late June indicated a 
  
  
  
 
 high probability of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154410) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 near-term `` spectacular '' terrorist attacks resulting in 
  
  
  
 
 numerous casualties .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154411) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 Other
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154412) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reports ' titles warned , '' Bin Ladin Attacks May be Imminent ''
  
  
  
 
  and `` Bin Ladin and
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154413) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
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 Associates Making Near-Term Threats . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154414) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 The latter reported multiple attacks planned
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154415) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 over the coming days , including a `` severe blow '' against U.S.
  
  
  
 
  and Israeli `` interests ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154416) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 during the next two weeks .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154417) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 On June 21 , near the height of the threat reporting , U.S. 
  
  
  
 
 Central Command raised the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154418) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 force protection condition level for U.S. troops in six countries
  
  
  
 
  to the highest
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154419) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 possible level , Delta .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154420) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The U.S. Fifth Fleet moved out of its port in Bahrain , and a
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154421) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 U.S. Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted . U.S. embassies 
  
  
  
 
 in the Persian Gulf
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154422) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 conducted an emergency security review , and the embassy in Yemen
  
  
  
 
  was closed .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154423) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 The CSG
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154424) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 had foreign emergency response teams , known as FESTs , ready to 
  
  
  
 
 move on four hours '
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154425) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 notice and kept up the terrorism alert posture on a `` rolling 24
  
  
  
 
  hour basis . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154426) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On June 25 , Clarke warned Rice and Hadley that six separate 
  
  
  
 
 intelligence reports
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154427) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 showed al Qaeda personnel warning of a pending attack .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154428) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 An Arabic television station
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154429) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 reported Bin Ladin 's pleasure with al Qaeda leaders who were 
  
  
  
 
 saying that the next
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154430) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 weeks `` will witness important surprises '' and that U.S. and 
  
  
  
 
 Israeli interests will be
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154431) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 targeted .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154432) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 Al Qaeda also released a new recruitment and fund-raising tape .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154433) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 Clarke
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154434) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 wrote that this was all too sophisticated to be merely a 
  
  
  
 
 psychological operation to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154435) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 keep the United States on edge , and the CIA agreed .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154436) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 The intelligence reporting
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154437) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 consistently described the upcoming attacks as occurring on a 
  
  
  
 
 calamitous level,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154438) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 indicating that they would cause the world to be in turmoil and 
  
  
  
 
 that they would
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154439) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 consist of possible multiple-but not necessarily simultaneous-
  
  
  
 
 attacks .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154440) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On June 28 , Clarke wrote Rice that the pattern of al Qaeda 
  
  
  
 
 activity indicating attack
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154441) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 planning over the past six weeks `` had reached a crescendo. '' 
  
  
  
 
 '' A series of new reports
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154442) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
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 continue to convince me and analysts at State, CIA , DIA [Defense
  
  
  
 
  Intelligence
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154443) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Agency ] , and NSA that a major terrorist attack or series of 
  
  
  
 
 attacks is likely in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154444) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 July , '' he noted .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154445) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 One al Qaeda intelligence report warned that something `` very , 
  
  
  
 
 very,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154446) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 19 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 very , very '' big was about to happen , and most of Bin Ladin 's
  
  
  
 
  network was reportedly
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154447) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 anticipating the attack .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154448) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 In late June , the CIA ordered all its station chiefs to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154449) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 share information on al Qaeda with their host governments and to 
  
  
  
 
 push for immediate
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154450) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 disruptions of cells .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154451) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The headline of a June 30 briefing to top officials was stark: ''
  
  
  
 
  Bin Ladin Planning
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154452) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 High-Profile Attacks . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154453) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The report stated that Bin Ladin operatives expected
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154454) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 near-term attacks to have dramatic consequences of catastrophic 
  
  
  
 
 proportions .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154455) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 That
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154456) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 same day , Saudi Arabia declared its highest level of terror 
  
  
  
 
 alert .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154457) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Despite evidence
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154458) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 of delays possibly caused by heightened U.S. security , the 
  
  
  
 
 planning for attacks was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154459) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 continuing .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154460) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On July 2 , the FBI Counterterrorism Division sent a message to 
  
  
  
 
 federal agencies and
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154461) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 state and local law enforcement agencies summarizing information 
  
  
  
 
 regarding threats
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154462) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 from Bin Ladin .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154463) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 It warned that there was an increased volume of threat reporting,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154464) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 indicating a potential for attacks against U.S. targets abroad 
  
  
  
 
 from groups `` aligned
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154465) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
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 with or sympathetic to Usama Bin Ladin . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154466) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Despite the general warnings , the message
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154467) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 further stated , `` The FBI has no information indicating a 
  
  
  
 
 credible threat of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154468) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
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 terrorist attack in the United States . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154469) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 However , it went on to emphasize that the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154470) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 possibility of attack in the United States could not be 
  
  
  
 
 discounted .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154471) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It also noted
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154472) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 that the July 4 holiday might heighten the threats .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154473) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The report asked recipients
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154474) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to '' exercise extreme vigilance '' and `` report suspicious 
  
  
  
 
 activities '' to the FBI .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154475) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It did
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154476) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 not suggest specific actions that they should take to prevent 
  
  
  
 
 attacks .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154477) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Disruption operations against al Qaeda -affiliated cells were 
  
  
  
 
 launched involving 20
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154478) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 countries .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154479) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 Several terrorist operatives were detained by foreign 
  
  
  
 
 governments,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154480) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 possibly disrupting operations in the Gulf and Italy and perhaps 
  
  
  
 
 averting attacks
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154481) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
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 against two or three U.S. embassies .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154482) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Clarke and others told us of a particular
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154483) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 concern about possible attacks on the Fourth of July .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154484) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 After it passed uneventfully,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154485) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the CSG decided to maintain the alert .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154486) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 To enlist more international help , Vice President Cheney 
  
  
  
 
 contacted Saudi Crown Prince
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154487) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Abdullah on July 5 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154488) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Hadley apparently called European counterparts , while Clarke
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154489) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 worked with senior officials in the Gulf .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154490) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In late July , because of threats , Italy
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154491) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 closed the airspace over Genoa and mounted antiaircraft batteries
  
  
  
 
  at the Genoa
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154492) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 airport during the G-8 summit , which President Bush attended .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154493) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 At home , the CSG arranged for the CIA to brief intelligence and 
  
  
  
 
 security officials
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154494) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 from several domestic agencies .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154495) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On July 5 , representatives from the Immigration and
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154496) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Naturalization Service ( INS ) , the FAA , the Coast Guard , the 
  
  
  
 
 Secret Service , Customs ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154497) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the CIA , and the FBI met with Clarke to discuss the current 
  
  
  
 
 threat .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154498) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Attendees report
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154499) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 that they were told not to disseminate the threat information 
  
  
  
 
 they received at the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154500) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 meeting .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154501) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 They interpreted this direction to mean that although they could 
  
  
  
 
 brief
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154502) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 their superiors , they could not send out advisories to the field
  
  
  
 
  .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154503) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 An NSC official
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154504) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 recalls a somewhat different emphasis , saying that attendees 
  
  
  
 
 were asked to take the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154505) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 information back to their home agencies and `` do what you can ''
  
  
  
 
  with it , subject to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154506) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 classification and distribution restrictions .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154507) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 A representative from the INS asked
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154508) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 for a summary of the information that she could share with field 
  
  
  
 
 offices .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154509) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She never
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154510) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 received one .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154511) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 That same day , the CIA briefed Attorney General Ashcroft on the 
  
  
  
 
 al Qaeda threat,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154512) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 warning that a significant terrorist attack was imminent .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154513) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Ashcroft was told that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154514) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 preparations for multiple attacks were in late stages or already 
  
  
  
 
 complete and that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154515) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 little additional warning could be expected .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154516) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The briefing addressed only threats
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154517) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 outside the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154518) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 The next day , the CIA representative told the CSG that al Qaeda 
  
  
  
 
 members believed the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154519) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 upcoming attack would be `` spectacular , '' qualitatively 
  
  
  
 
 different from anything they
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154520) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 had done to date .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154521) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Apparently as a result of the July 5 meeting with Clarke , the 
  
  
  
 
 interagency committee
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154522) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 on federal building security was tasked to examine security 
  
  
  
 
 measures .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154523) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 This committee
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154524) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 met on July 9 , when 37 officials from 27 agencies and 
  
  
  
 
 organizations were briefed on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154525) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the `` current threat level '' in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154526) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They were told that not only the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154527) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the
  
  
  
 
  East Africa
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154528) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 bombings trial , the conviction of Ahmed Ressam , and the just-
  
  
  
 
 returned KhobarTowers
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154529) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 indictments reinforced the need to `` exercise extreme vigilance 
  
  
  
 
 . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154530) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Attendees were
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154531) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 expected to determine whether their respective agencies needed 
  
  
  
 
 enhanced security
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154532) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 measures .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154533) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On July 18, 2001 , the State Department provided a warning to the
  
  
  
 
  public regarding
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154534) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 possible terrorist attacks in the Arabian Peninsula .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154535) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Acting FBI Director Thomas Pickard told us he had one of his 
  
  
  
 
 periodic conference
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154536) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 calls with all special agents in charge on July 19 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154537) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He said one of the items he
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154538) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 mentioned was the need , in light of increased threat reporting ,
  
  
  
 
  to have evidence
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154539) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 response teams ready to move at a moment 's notice , in case of 
  
  
  
 
 an attack .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154540) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He did not task field offices to try to determine whether any 
  
  
  
 
 plots were being
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154541) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 considered within the United States or to take any action to 
  
  
  
 
 disrupt any such plots .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154542) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In mid-July , reporting started to indicate that Bin Ladin 's 
  
  
  
 
 plans had been delayed,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154543) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 maybe for as long as two months , but not abandoned .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154544) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On July 23 , the lead item for
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154545) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 CSG discussion was still the al Qaeda threat , and it included 
  
  
  
 
 mention of suspected
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154546) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 terrorist travel to the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154547) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On July 31 , an FAA circular appeared alerting the aviation 
  
  
  
 
 community to `` reports of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154548) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 possible near-term terrorist operations . . . particularly on the
  
  
  
 
  Arabian Peninsula
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154549) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and/or Israel . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154550) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It stated that the FAA had no credible evidence of specific plans
  
  
  
 
  to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154551) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 attack U.S. civil aviation , though it noted that some of the `` 
  
  
  
 
 currently active ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154552) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 terrorist groups were known to `` plan and train for hijackings 
  
  
  
 
 '' and were able to build
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154553) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and conceal sophisticated explosive devices in luggage and 
  
  
  
 
 consumer products .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154554) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Tenet told us that in his world `` the system was blinking red . 
  
  
  
 
 ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154555) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 By late July , Tenet
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154556) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 said , it could not `` get any worse . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154557) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Not everyone was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154558) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 convinced .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154559) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Some asked whether all these threats might just be deception .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154560) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On June 30 ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154561) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the SEIB contained an article titled `` Bin Ladin Threats Are 
  
  
  
 
 Real . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154562) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Yet Hadley told
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154563) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Tenet in July that Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz 
  
  
  
 
 questioned the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154564) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reporting .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154565) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Perhaps Bin Ladin was trying to study U.S. reactions .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154566) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Tenet replied that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154567) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 he had already addressed the Defense Department 's questions on 
  
  
  
 
 this point ; the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154568) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reporting was convincing .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154569) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 To give a sense of his anxiety at the time , one senior
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154570) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 official in the Counterterrorist Center told us that he and a 
  
  
  
 
 colleague were
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154571) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 considering resigning in order to go public with their concerns .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154572) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The Calm Before the Storm
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154573) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On July 27 , Clarke informed Rice and Hadley that the spike in 
  
  
  
 
 intelligence about a
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154574) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154575) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He urged keeping readiness high during the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154576) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 August vacation period , warning that another report suggested an
  
  
  
 
  attack had just
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154577) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 been postponed for a few months `` but will still happen . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154578) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On August 1 , the FBI issued an advisory that in light of the 
  
  
  
 
 increased volume of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154579) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 threat reporting and the upcoming anniversary of the East Africa 
  
  
  
 
 embassy bombings,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154580) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 increased attention should be paid to security planning .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154581) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It noted that although most
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154582) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 of the reporting indicated a potential for attacks on U.S. 
  
  
  
 
 interests abroad , the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154583) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 possibility of an attack in the United States could not be 
  
  
  
 
 discounted .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154584) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On August 3 , the intelligence community issued an advisory 
  
  
  
 
 concluding that the threat
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154585) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 of impending al Qaeda attacks would likely continue indefinitely 
  
  
  
 
 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154586) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Citing threats in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154587) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the Arabian Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , and Europe , the 
  
  
  
 
 advisory suggested that al
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154588) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Qaeda was lying in wait and searching for gaps in security before
  
  
  
 
  moving forward
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154589) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 with the planned attacks .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154590) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 During the spring and summer of 2001 , President Bush had on 
  
  
  
 
 several occasions asked
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154591) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 his briefers whether any of the threats pointed to the United 
  
  
  
 
 States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154592) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Reflecting on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154593) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 these questions , the CIA decided to write a briefing article 
  
  
  
 
 summarizing its
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154594) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 understanding of this danger .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154595) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Two CIA analysts involved in preparing this briefing
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154596) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 article believed it represented an opportunity to communicate 
  
  
  
 
 their view that the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154597) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 threat of a Bin Ladin attack in the United States remained both 
  
  
  
 
 current and
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154598) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 serious .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154599) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The result was an article in the August 6 Presidential Daily 
  
  
  
 
 Brief titled `` Bin Ladin
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154600) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Determined to Strike in US . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154601) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It was the 36th PDB item briefed so far that year that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154602) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 related to Bin Ladin or al Qaeda , and the first devoted to the 
  
  
  
 
 possibility of an
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154603) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 attack in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154604) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The President told us the August 6 report was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154605) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 historical in nature .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154606) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 President Bush said the article told him that al Qaeda was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154607) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 dangerous , which he said he had known since he had become 
  
  
  
 
 President .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154608) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The President
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154609) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 said Bin Ladin had long been talking about his desire to attack 
  
  
  
 
 America .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154610) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He recalled
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154611) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 some operational data on the FBI , and remembered thinking it was
  
  
  
 
  heartening that 70
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154612) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 investigations were under way .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154613) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 As best he could recollect , Rice had mentioned that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154614) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the Yemenis ' surveillance of a federal building in New York had 
  
  
  
 
 been looked into in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154615) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 May and June , but there was no actionable intelligence .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154616) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He did not recall discussing
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154617) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the August 6 report with the Attorney General or whether Rice had
  
  
  
 
  done so .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154618) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He said
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154619) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 that if his advisers had told him there was a cell in the United 
  
  
  
 
 States , they would
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154620) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 have moved to take care of it .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154621) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 That never happened .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154622) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Although the following day 's SEIB repeated the title of this PDB
  
  
  
 
  , it did not contain
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154623) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the reference to hijackings , the alert in New York , the alleged
  
  
  
 
  casing of buildings
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154624) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 19 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 in New York , the threat phoned in to the embassy , or the fact 
  
  
  
 
 that the FBI had
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154625) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 approximately 70 ongoing bin Ladin-related investigations .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154626) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The following is the text of an item from the Presidential Daily 
  
  
  
 
 Brief received by
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154627) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 President George W. Bush on August 6 , 2001.37 Redacted material 
  
  
  
 
 is indicated by
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154628) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 brackets .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154629) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US Clandestine , foreign 
  
  
  
 
 government , and media
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154630) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reports indicate Bin Ladin since 1997 has wanted to conduct 
  
  
  
 
 terrorist attacks in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154631) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the US .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154632) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Bin Ladin implied in US television interviews in 1997 and 1998 
  
  
  
 
 that his
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154633) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber 
  
  
  
 
 Ramzi Yousef and
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154634) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' bring the fighting to America . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154635) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 After US missile strikes on his base in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154636) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Afghanistan in 1998 , Bin Ladin told followers he wanted to 
  
  
  
 
 retaliate in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154637) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Washington , according to a [ - ] service .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154638) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 An Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) operative told an [ - ] service
  
  
  
 
  at the same time
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154639) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 that Bin Ladin was planning to exploit the operative 's access to
  
  
  
 
  the US to mount
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154640) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 a terrorist strike .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154641) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The millennium plotting in Canada in 1999 may have been part of 
  
  
  
 
 Bin Ladin 's first
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154642) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 serious attempt to implement a terrorist strike in the US .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154643) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Convicted plotter
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154644) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Ahmed Ressam has told the FBI that he conceived the idea to 
  
  
  
 
 attack Los Angeles
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154645) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 International Airport himself , but that Bin Ladin lieutenant Abu
  
  
  
 
  Zubaydah
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154646) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 encouraged him and helped facilitate the operation .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154647) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Ressam also said that in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154648) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 1998 Abu Zubaydah was planning his own US attack .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154649) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Ressam says Bin Ladin was aware of the Los Angeles operation .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154650) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Although Bin Ladin has not succeeded , his attacks against the US
  
  
  
 
  Embassies in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154651) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrate that he prepares 
  
  
  
 
 operations years in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154652) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 advance and is not deterred by setbacks .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154653) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Bin Ladin associates surveilled our
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154654) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam as early as 1993 , and 
  
  
  
 
 some members of the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154655) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Nairobi cell planning the bombings were arrested and deported in 
  
  
  
 
 1997 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154656) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Al-Qa'ida members-including some who are US citizens-have resided
  
  
  
 
  in or traveled
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154657) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to the US for years , and the group apparently maintains a 
  
  
  
 
 support structure that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154658) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 could aid attacks .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154659) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Two al-Qua ' da members found guilty in the conspiracy to bomb
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154660) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 our embassies in East Africa were US citizens , and a senior EIJ 
  
  
  
 
 member lived in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154661) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 California in the mid- 1990s .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154662) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 A clandestine source said in 1998 that a Bin Ladin
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154663) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 cell in New York was recruiting Muslim-American youth for attacks
  
  
  
 
  .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154664) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 We have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational
  
  
  
 
  threat
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154665) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reporting , such as that from a [ - ] service in 1998 saying that
  
  
  
 
  Bin Ladin wanted
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154666) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to hijack a US aircraft to gain the release of `` Blind Shaykh ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154667) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 'Umar 'Abd
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154668) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 al-Rahman and other US -held extremists .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154669) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Nevertheless , FBI information since that time indicates patterns
  
  
  
 
  of suspicious
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154670) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 activity in this country consistent with preparations for 
  
  
  
 
 hijackings or other
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154671) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 types of attacks , including recent surveillance of federal 
  
  
  
 
 buildings in New
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154672) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 York .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154673) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The FBI is conducting approximately 70 full field investigations 
  
  
  
 
 throughout the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154674) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 US that it considers Bin Ladin -related .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154675) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 CIA and the FBI are investigating a call
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154676) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to our Embassy in the UAE in May saying that a group of Bin Ladin
  
  
  
 
  supporters was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154677) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 in the US planning attacks with explosives .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154678) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 No CSG or other NSC meeting was held to discuss the possible 
  
  
  
 
 threat of a strike in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154679) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the United States as a result of this report .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154680) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Late in the month , a foreign service reported that Abu Zubaydah 
  
  
  
 
 was considering
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154681) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 mounting terrorist attacks in the United States , after 
  
  
  
 
 postponing possible
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154682) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 operations in Europe .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154683) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 No targets , timing , or method of attack were provided .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154684) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 We have found no indication of any further discussion before 
  
  
  
 
 September 11 among the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154685) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 President and his top advisers of the possibility of a threat of 
  
  
  
 
 an al Qaeda attack
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154686) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154687) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 DCI Tenet visited President Bush in Crawford , Texas , on August
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154688) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 17 and participated in PDB briefings of the President between 
  
  
  
 
 August 31 ( after the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154689) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 President had returned to Washington ) and September 10 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154690) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 But Tenet does not recall
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154691) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 any discussions with the President of the domestic threat during 
  
  
  
 
 this period .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154692) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Most of the intelligence community recognized in the summer of 
  
  
  
 
 2001 that the number
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154693) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and severity of threat reports were unprecedented .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154694) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Many officials told us that they
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154695) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 knew something terrible was planned , and they were desperate to 
  
  
  
 
 stop it .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154696) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Despite
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154697) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 their large number , the threats received contained few specifics
  
  
  
 
  regarding time,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154698) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 place , method , or target .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154699) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Most suggested that attacks were planned against targets
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154700) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 overseas ; others indicated threats against unspecified `` U.S. 
  
  
  
 
 interests . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154701) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 We can not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154702) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 say for certain whether these reports , as dramatic as they were 
  
  
  
 
 , related to the 9/11
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154703) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 attacks .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154704) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Government Response to the Threats
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154705) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 National Security Advisor Rice told us that the CSG was the `` 
  
  
  
 
 nerve center '' for
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154706) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 running the crisis , although other senior officials were 
  
  
  
 
 involved over the course of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154707) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the summer .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154708) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In addition to his daily meetings with President Bush , and 
  
  
  
 
 weekly
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154709) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 meetings to go over other issues with Rice , Tenet was speaking 
  
  
  
 
 regularly with
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154710) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald 
  
  
  
 
 Rumsfeld .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154711) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154712) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 foreign policy principals routinely talked on the telephone every
  
  
  
 
  day on a variety
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154713) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 of topics .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154714) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Hadley told us that before 9/11 , he and Rice did not feel they 
  
  
  
 
 had the job of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154715) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 coordinating domestic agencies .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154716) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They felt that Clarke and the CSG ( part of the NSC )
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154717) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 were the NSC 's bridge between foreign and domestic threats .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154718) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 There was a clear disparity in the levels of response to foreign 
  
  
  
 
 versus domestic
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154719) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 threats .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154720) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Numerous actions were taken overseas to disrupt possible attacks-
  
  
  
 
  enlisting
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154721) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 foreign partners to upset terrorist plans , closing embassies , 
  
  
  
 
 moving military assets
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154722) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 out of the way of possible harm .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154723) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Far less was done domestically- in part , surely,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154724) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 because to the extent that specifics did exist , they pertained 
  
  
  
 
 to threats overseas .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154725) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 As noted earlier , a threat against the embassy in Yemen quickly 
  
  
  
 
 resulted in its
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154726) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 closing .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154727) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Possible domestic threats were more vague .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154728) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 When reports did not specify
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154729) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 where the attacks were to take place , officials presumed that 
  
  
  
 
 they would again be
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154730) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 overseas , though they did not rule out a target in the United 
  
  
  
 
 States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154731) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Each of the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154732) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 FBI threat advisories made this point .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154733) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Clarke mentioned to National Security Advisor Rice at least twice
  
  
  
 
  that al Qaeda
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154734) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 sleeper cells were likely in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154735) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In January 2001 , Clarke forwarded a
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154736) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 strategy paper to Rice warning that al Qaeda had a presence in 
  
  
  
 
 the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154737) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154738) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 noted that two key al Qaeda members in the Jordanian cell 
  
  
  
 
 involved in the millennium
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154739) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 plot were naturalized U.S. citizens and that one jihadist 
  
  
  
 
 suspected in the East
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154740) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Africa bombings had `` informed the FBI that an extensive network
  
  
  
 
  of al Qida 'sleeper
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154741) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agents ' currently exists in the US . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154742) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He added that Ressam 's abortive December 1999
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154743) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 attack revealed al Qaeda supporters in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154744) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 His analysis , however , was based not on new threat reporting 
  
  
  
 
 but on past experience .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154745) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The September 11 attacks fell into the void between the foreign 
  
  
  
 
 and domestic threats .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154746) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The foreign intelligence agencies were watching overseas , alert 
  
  
  
 
 to foreign threats
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154747) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to U.S. interests there .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154748) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The domestic agencies were waiting for evidence of a
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154749) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 domestic threat from sleeper cells within the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154750) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 No one was looking for
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154751) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 a foreign threat to domestic targets .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154752) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The threat that was coming was not from
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154753) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 sleeper cells .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154754) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It was foreign-but from foreigners who had infiltrated into the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154755) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154756) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 A second cause of this disparity in response is that domestic 
  
  
  
 
 agencies did not know
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154757) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 what to do , and no one gave them direction .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154758) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Cressey told us that the CSG did not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154759) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 tell the agencies how to respond to the threats .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154760) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He noted that the agencies that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154761) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 were operating overseas did not need direction on how to respond 
  
  
  
 
 ; they had
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154762) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 experience with such threats and had a `` playbook . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154763) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In contrast , the domestic
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154764) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agencies did not have a game plan .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154765) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Neither the NSC ( including the CSG ) nor anyone
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154766) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 else instructed them to create one .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154767) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 This lack of direction was evident in the July 5 meeting with 
  
  
  
 
 representatives from
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154768) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the domestic agencies .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154769) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The briefing focused on overseas threats .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154770) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The domestic
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154771) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agencies were not questioned about how they planned to address 
  
  
  
 
 the threat and were
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154772) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 not told what was expected of them .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154773) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Indeed , as noted earlier , they were specifically
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154774) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 told they could not issue advisories based on the briefing .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154775) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 46 The domestic
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154776) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agencies ' limited response indicates that they did not perceive 
  
  
  
 
 a call to action .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154777) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Clarke reflected a different perspective in an email to Rice on 
  
  
  
 
 September 15, 2001 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154778) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He summarized the steps taken by the CSG to alert domestic 
  
  
  
 
 agencies to the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154779) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 possibility of an attack in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154780) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Clarke concluded that domestic
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154781) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agencies , including the FAA , knew that the CSG believed a major
  
  
  
 
  al Qaeda attack was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154782) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 coming and could be in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154783) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Although the FAA had authority to issue security directives 
  
  
  
 
 mandating new security
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154784) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 procedures , none of the few that were released during the summer
  
  
  
 
  of 2001 increased
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154785) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 security at checkpoints or on board aircraft .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154786) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The information circulars mostly urged
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154787) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 air carriers to `` exercise prudence '' and be alert .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154788) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Prior to 9/11 , the FAA did present
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154789) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 a CD-ROM to air carriers and airport authorities describing the 
  
  
  
 
 increased threat to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154790) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 civil aviation .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154791) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The presentation mentioned the possibility of suicide hijackings 
  
  
  
 
 but
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154792) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 said that `` fortunately , we have no indication that any group 
  
  
  
 
 is currently thinking
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154793) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 in that direction . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154794) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The FAA conducted 27 special security
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154795) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001 , and 
  
  
  
 
 September 11, 2001 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154796) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Two
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154797) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 of these briefings discussed the hijacking threat overseas .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154798) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 None discussed the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154799) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 possibility of suicide hijackings or the use of aircraft as 
  
  
  
 
 weapons .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154800) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 No new security
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154801) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 measures were instituted .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154802) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Rice told us she understood that the FBI had tasked its 56 U.S. 
  
  
  
 
 field offices to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154803) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 increase surveillance of suspected terrorists and to reach out to
  
  
  
 
  informants who
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154804) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 might have information about terrorist plots .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154805) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 An NSC staff document at the time
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154806) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 describes such a tasking as having occurred in late June but does
  
  
  
 
  not indicate
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154807) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 whether it was generated by the NSC or the FBI .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154808) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Other than the previously described
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154809) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 April 13 communication sent to all FBI field offices , however , 
  
  
  
 
 the FBI could not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154810) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 find any record of having received such a directive .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154811) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The April 13 document asking
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154812) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 field offices to gather information on Sunni extremism did not 
  
  
  
 
 mention any possible
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154813) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 threat within the United States and did not order surveillance of
  
  
  
 
  suspected
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154814) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 operatives .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154815) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The NSC did not specify what the FBI 's directives should contain
  
  
  
 
  and did
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154816) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 not review what had been issued earlier .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154817) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Acting FBI Director Pickard told us that in addition to his July 
  
  
  
 
 19 conference call,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154818) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 he mentioned the heightened terrorist threat in individual calls 
  
  
  
 
 with the special
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154819) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agents in charge of field offices during their annual performance
  
  
  
 
  review
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154820) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 discussions .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154821) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In speaking with agents around the country , we found little 
  
  
  
 
 evidence
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154822) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 that any such concerns had reached FBI personnel beyond the New 
  
  
  
 
 York Field
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154823) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Office .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154824) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The head of counterterrorism at the FBI , Dale Watson , said he 
  
  
  
 
 had many discussions
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154825) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 about possible attacks with Cofer Black at the CIA .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154826) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They had expected an attack on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154827) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 July 4 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154828) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Watson said he felt deeply that something was going to happen .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154829) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 But he told
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154830) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 us the threat information was `` nebulous . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154831) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He wished he had known more .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154832) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He wished he
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154833) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 had had `` 500 analysts looking at Usama Bin Ladin threat 
  
  
  
 
 information instead of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154834) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 two . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154835) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Attorney General Ashcroft was briefed by the CIA in May and by 
  
  
  
 
 Pickard in early July
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154836) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 about the danger .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154837) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Pickard said he met with Ashcroft once a week in late June ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154838) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 through July , and twice in August .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154839) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 There is a dispute regarding Ashcroft 's interest
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154840) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 in Pickard 's briefings about the terrorist threat situation .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154841) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Pickard told us that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154842) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 after two such briefings Ashcroft told him that he did not want 
  
  
  
 
 to hear about the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154843) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 threats anymore .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154844) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Ashcroft denies Pickard 's charge .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154845) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Pickard says he continued to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154846) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 present terrorism information during further briefings that 
  
  
  
 
 summer , but nothing
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154847) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 further on the `` chatter '' the U.S. government was receiving .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154848) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The Attorney General told us he asked Pickard whether there was 
  
  
  
 
 intelligence about
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154849) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 attacks in the United States and that Pickard said no . Pickard 
  
  
  
 
 said he replied that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154850) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 he could not assure Ashcroft that there would be no attacks in 
  
  
  
 
 the United States ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154851) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 although the reports of threats were related to overseas targets 
  
  
  
 
 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154852) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Ashcroft said he
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154853) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 therefore assumed the FBI was doing what it needed to do .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154854) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He acknowledged that in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154855) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 retrospect , this was a dangerous assumption .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154856) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He did not ask the FBI what it was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154857) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 doing in response to the threats and did not task it to take any 
  
  
  
 
 specific action .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154858) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154859) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 also did not direct the INS , then still part of the Department 
  
  
  
 
 of Justice , to take
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154860) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 any specific action .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154861) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In sum , the domestic agencies never mobilized in response to the
  
  
  
 
  threat .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154862) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They did not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154863) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 have direction , and did not have a plan to institute .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154864) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The borders were not hardened .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154865) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Transportation systems were not fortified .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154866) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Electronic surveillance was not targeted
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154867) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 against a domestic threat .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154868) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 State and local law enforcement were not marshaled to augment the
  
  
  
 
  FBI 's efforts .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154869) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154870) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 public was not warned .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154871) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The terrorists exploited deep institutional failings within our 
  
  
  
 
 government .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154872) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154873) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 question is whether extra vigilance might have turned up an 
  
  
  
 
 opportunity to disrupt
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154874) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the plot .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154875) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 As seen in chapter 7 , al Qaeda's operatives made mistakes .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154876) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 At least two
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154877) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 such mistakes created opportunities during 2001 , especially in 
  
  
  
 
 late August .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154878) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 LATE LEADS-MIHDHAR , MOUSSAOUI , AND KSM
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154879) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In chapter 6 we discussed how intelligence agencies successfully 
  
  
  
 
 detected some of the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154880) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 early travel in the planes operation , picking up the movements 
  
  
  
 
 of Khalid al Mihdhar
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154881) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and identifying him , and seeing his travel converge with someone
  
  
  
 
  they perhaps could
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154882) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 have identified but did not- Nawaf al Hazmi -as well as with less
  
  
  
 
  easily identifiable
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154883) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 people such as Khallad and Abu Bara .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154884) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 These observations occurred in December 1999
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154885) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and January 2000 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154886) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The trail had been lost in January 2000 without a clear
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154887) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 realization that it had been lost , and without much effort to 
  
  
  
 
 pick it up again .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154888) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Nor
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154889) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 had the CIA placed Mihdhar on the State Department 's watchlist 
  
  
  
 
 for suspected
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154890) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 terrorists , so that either an embassy or a port of entry might 
  
  
  
 
 take note if Mihdhar
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154891) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 showed up again .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154892) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On four occasions in 2001 , the CIA , the FBI , or both had 
  
  
  
 
 apparent opportunities to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154893) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 refocus on the significance of Hazmi and Mihdhar and reinvigorate
  
  
  
 
  the search for
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154894) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 them .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154895) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 After reviewing those episodes we will turn to the handling of 
  
  
  
 
 the Moussaoui
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154896) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 case and some late leads regarding Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154897) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 January 2001 : Identification of Khallad
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154898) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Almost one year after the original trail had been lost in Bangkok
  
  
  
 
  , the FBI and the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154899) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 CIA were working on the investigation of the Cole bombing .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154900) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They learned of the link
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154901) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 between a captured conspirator and a person called `` Khallad . 
  
  
  
 
 ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154902) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They also learned that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154903) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Khallad was a senior security official for Bin Ladin who had 
  
  
  
 
 helped direct the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154904) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 bombing ( we introduced Khallad in chapter 5 , and returned to 
  
  
  
 
 his role in the Cole
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154905) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 bombing in chapter 6 ) .55 One of the members of the FBI 's 
  
  
  
 
 investigative team in Yemen
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154906) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 realized that he had heard of Khallad before , from a joint FBI /
  
  
  
 
  CIA source four
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154907) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 months earlier .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154908) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The FBI agent obtained from a foreign government a photo of the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154909) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 person believed to have directed the Cole bombing .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154910) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It was shown to the source , and
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154911) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 he confirmed that the man in that photograph was the same Khallad
  
  
  
 
  he had
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154912) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 described .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154913) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In December 2000 , on the basis of some links associated with 
  
  
  
 
 Khalid al Mihdhar , the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154914) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 CIA 's Bin Ladin unit speculated that Khallad and Khalid al 
  
  
  
 
 Mihdhar might be one and
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154915) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the same .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154916) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The CIA asked that a Kuala Lumpur surveillance photo of Mihdhar 
  
  
  
 
 be shown to the joint
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154917) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 source who had identified Khallad .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154918) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In early January 2001 , two photographs from the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154919) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Kuala Lumpur meeting were shown to the source .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154920) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 One was a known photograph of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154921) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Mihdhar , the other a photograph of a then unknown subject .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154922) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The source did not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154923) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 recognize Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154924) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 But he indicated he was 90 percent certain that the other
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154925) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 individual was Khallad .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154926) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 This meant that Khallad and Mihdhar were two different people .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154927) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It also meant that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154928) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 there was a link between Khallad and Mihdhar , making Mihdhar 
  
  
  
 
 seem even more
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154929) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 suspicious.59Yet we found no effort by the CIA to renew the long-
  
  
  
 
 abandoned search
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154930) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 for Mihdhar or his travel companions .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154931) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In addition , we found that the CIA did not notify the FBI of 
  
  
  
 
 this identification .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154932) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 DCITenet and Cofer Black testified before Congress 's Joint 
  
  
  
 
 Inquiry into 9/11 that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154933) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the FBI had access to this identification from the beginning .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154934) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 But drawing on an
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154935) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 extensive record , including documents that were not available to
  
  
  
 
  the CIA personnel
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154936) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 who drafted that testimony , we conclude this was not the case .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154937) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The FBI 's primary
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154938) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Cole investigators had no knowledge that Khallad had been in 
  
  
  
 
 Kuala Lumpur with
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154939) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Mihdhar and others until after the September 11 attacks .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154940) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Because the FBI had not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154941) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 been informed in January 2000 about Mihdhar 's possession of a 
  
  
  
 
 U.S. visa , it had not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154942) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 then started looking for him in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154943) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Because it did not know of the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154944) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 links between Khallad and Mihdhar , it did not start looking for 
  
  
  
 
 him in January
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154945) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 2001 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154946) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 This incident is an example of how day-to-day gaps in information
  
  
  
 
  sharing can emerge
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154947) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 even when there is mutual goodwill .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154948) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The information was from a joint FBI / CIA source
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154949) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 who spoke essentially no English and whose languages were not 
  
  
  
 
 understood by the FBI
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154950) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agent on the scene overseas .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154951) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Issues of travel and security necessarily kept short
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154952) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the amount of time spent with the source .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154953) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 As a result , the CIA officer usually did
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154954) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 not translate either questions or answers for his FBI colleague 
  
  
  
 
 and friend .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154955) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 For interviews without simultaneous translation , the FBI agent 
  
  
  
 
 on the scene received
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154956) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 copies of the reports that the CIA disseminated to other agencies
  
  
  
 
  regarding the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154957) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 interviews .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154958) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 But he was not given access to the CIA 's internal operational 
  
  
  
 
 reports,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154959) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 which contained more detail .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154960) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It was there-in reporting to which FBI investigators
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154961) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 did not have access-that information regarding the January 2001 
  
  
  
 
 identification of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154962) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Khallad appeared .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154963) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The CIA officer does not recall this particular identification 
  
  
  
 
 and
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154964) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 thus can not say why it was not shared with his FBI colleague .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154965) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He might not have
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154966) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 understood the possible significance of the new identification .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154967) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In June 2000 , Mihdhar left California and returned to Yemen .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154968) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It is possible that if,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154969) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 in January 2001 , the CIA had resumed its search for him , placed
  
  
  
 
  him on the State
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154970) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Department's TIPOFF watchlist , or provided the FBI with the 
  
  
  
 
 information , he might
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154971) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 have been found-either before or at the time he applied for a new
  
  
  
 
  visa in June 2001 ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154972) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 or when he returned to the United States on July 4 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154973) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Spring 2001 : Looking Again at Kuala Lumpur
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154974) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 By mid- May 2001 , as the threat reports were surging , a CIA 
  
  
  
 
 official detailed to the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154975) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 International Terrorism Operations Section at the FBI wondered 
  
  
  
 
 where the attacks
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154976) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 might occur .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154977) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 We will call him `` John . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154978) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Recalling the episode about the Kuala Lumpur
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154979) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 travel of Mihdhar and his associates , `` John '' searched the 
  
  
  
 
 CIA 's databases for
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154980) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 information regarding the travel .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154981) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On May 15 , he and an official at the CIA
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154982) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reexamined many of the old cables from early 2000 , including the
  
  
  
 
  information that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154983) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Mihdhar had a U.S. visa , and that Hazmi had come to Los Angeles 
  
  
  
 
 on January 15 ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154984) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 2000 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154985) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The CIA official who reviewed the cables took no action regarding
  
  
  
 
  them .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154986) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' John , ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154987) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 20 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 however , began a lengthy exchange with a CIA analyst , whom we 
  
  
  
 
 will call `` Dave , '' to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154988) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 figure out what these cables meant .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154989) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' John '' was aware of how dangerous Khallad was-at
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154990) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 one point calling him a `` major league killer . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154991) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He concluded that `` something bad was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154992) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 definitely up . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154993) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Despite the U.S. links evident in this traffic , '' John '' made 
  
  
  
 
 no effort
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154994) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to determine whether any of these individuals was in the United 
  
  
  
 
 States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154995) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He did not
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154996) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 raise that possibility with his FBI counterpart .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154997) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He was focused on Malaysia .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154998) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' John" described the CIA as an agency that tended to play a `` 
  
  
  
 
 zone defense . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4154999) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155000) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 worrying solely about Southeast Asia , not the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155001) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In contrast , he told
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155002) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 us , the FBI tends to play `` man-to-man . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155003) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 20 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Desk officers at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit did not have `` cases 
  
  
  
 
 '' in the same sense as
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155004) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 an FBI agent who works an investigation from beginning to end .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155005) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Thus , when the trail
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155006) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 went cold after the Kuala Lumpur meeting in January 2000 , the 
  
  
  
 
 desk officer moved on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155007) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to different things .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155008) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 By the time the March 2000 cable arrived with information that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155009) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 one of the travelers had flown to Los Angeles , the case officer 
  
  
  
 
 was no longer
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155010) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 responsible for follow-up .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155011) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 While several individuals at the Bin Ladin unit opened
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155012) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the cable when it arrived in March 2000 , no action was taken .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155013) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The CIA 's zone defense concentrated on `` where , '' not `` who 
  
  
  
 
 . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155014) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Had its information been
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155015) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 shared with the FBI , a combination of the CIA 's zone defense 
  
  
  
 
 and the FBI 's
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155016) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 man-to-man approach might have been productive .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155017) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 June 2001 : The Meeting in New York
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155018) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' John 's '' review of the Kuala Lumpur meeting did set off some
  
  
  
 
  more sharing of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155019) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 information , getting the attention of an FBI analyst whom we 
  
  
  
 
 will call `` Jane . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155020) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Jane '' was assigned to the FBI 's Cole investigation .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155021) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She knew that another terrorist
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155022) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 involved in that operation , Fahd al Quso , had traveled to 
  
  
  
 
 Bangkok in January 2000 to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155023) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 give money to Khallad .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155024) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 20 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Jane '' and the CIA analyst , '' Dave , '' had been working 
  
  
  
 
 together on Colerelated issues .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155025) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Chasing Quso 's trail , `` Dave '' suggested showing some 
  
  
  
 
 photographs to FBI agents in New
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155026) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 York who were working on the Cole case and had interviewed Quso .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155027) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' John '' gave three Kuala Lumpur surveillance pictures to `` 
  
  
  
 
 Jane '' to show to the New
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155028) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 York agents .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155029) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She was told that one of the individuals in the photographs was 
  
  
  
 
 someone
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155030) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 named Khalid al Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155031) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She did not know why the photographs had been taken or why
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155032) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the Kuala Lumpur travel might be significant , and she was not 
  
  
  
 
 told that someone had
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155033) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 identified Khallad in the photographs .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155034) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 When `` Jane '' did some research in a database
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155035) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 for intelligence reports , Intelink , she found the original NSA 
  
  
  
 
 reports on the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155036) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 planning for the meeting .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155037) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Because the CIA had not disseminated reports on its
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155038) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 tracking of Mihdhar , `` Jane '' did not pull up any information 
  
  
  
 
 about Mihdhar 's U.S. visa
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155039) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 or about travel to the United States by Hazmi or Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155040) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 24 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Jane , '' '' Dave , '' and an FBI analyst who was on detail to
  
  
  
 
  the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit went
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155041) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to New York on June 11 to meet with the agents about the Cole 
  
  
  
 
 case .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155042) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Jane '' brought
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155043) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the surveillance pictures .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155044) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 At some point in the meeting she showed the photographs
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155045) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 to the agents and asked whether they recognized Quso in any of 
  
  
  
 
 them .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155046) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The agents
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155047) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 asked questions about the photographs- Why were they taken ?
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155048) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Why were these people
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155049) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 being followed ?
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155050) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Where are the rest of the photographs ?
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155051) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The only information `` Jane '' had about the meeting-other than 
  
  
  
 
 the photographs-were the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155052) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 NSA reports that she had found on Intelink .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155053) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 These reports , however , contained
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155054) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 caveats that their contents could not be shared with criminal 
  
  
  
 
 investigators without
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155055) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the permission of the Justice Department 's Office of 
  
  
  
 
 Intelligence Policy and Review
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155056) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 ( OIPR ) .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155057) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Therefore `` Jane '' concluded that she could not pass on 
  
  
  
 
 information from those
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155058) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 reports to the agents .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155059) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 This decision was potentially significant , because the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155060) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 signals intelligence she did not share linked Mihdhar to a 
  
  
  
 
 suspected terrorist
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155061) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 facility in the Middle East .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155062) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The agents would have established a link to the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155063) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 suspected facility from their work on the embassy bombings case .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155064) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 This link would
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155065) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 have made them very interested in learning more about Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155066) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The sad irony is that the agents who found the source were being 
  
  
  
 
 kept from obtaining
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155067) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the fruits of their own work .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155068) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Dave , '' the CIA analyst , knew more about the Kuala
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155069) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Lumpur meeting .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155070) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He knew that Mihdhar possessed a U.S. visa , that his visa
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155071) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 application indicated that he intended to travel to New York , 
  
  
  
 
 that Hazmi had
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155072) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 traveled to Los Angeles , and that a source had put Mihdhar in 
  
  
  
 
 the company of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155073) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Khallad .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155074) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 No one at the meeting asked him what he knew ; he did not 
  
  
  
 
 volunteer
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155075) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 anything .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155076) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He told investigators that as a CIA analyst , he was not 
  
  
  
 
 authorized to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155077) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 answer FBI questions regarding CIA information . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155078) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Jane '' said she assumed that if
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155079) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Dave '' knew the answers to questions , he would have 
  
  
  
 
 volunteered them .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155080) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The New York
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155081) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agents left the meeting without obtaining information that might 
  
  
  
 
 have started them
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155082) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 looking for Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155083) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Mihdhar had been a weak link in al Qaeda 's operational planning 
  
  
  
 
 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155084) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He had left the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155085) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 United States in June 2000 , a mistake KSM realized could 
  
  
  
 
 endanger the entire
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155086) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 plan-for to continue with the operation , Mihdhar would have to 
  
  
  
 
 travel to the United
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155087) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 States again .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155088) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 And unlike other operatives , Mihdhar was not `` clean '' : he 
  
  
  
 
 had jihadist
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155089) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 connections .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155090) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It was just such connections that had brought him to the 
  
  
  
 
 attention of
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155091) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 U.S. officials .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155092) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Nevertheless , in this case KSM 's fears were not realized .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155093) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Mihdhar received a new U.S.
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155094) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 visa two days after the CIA - FBI meeting in New York .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155095) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He flew to New York City on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155096) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 July 4 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155097) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 No one was looking for him .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155098) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 August 2001 : The Search for Mihdhar and Hazmi Begins and Fails
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155099) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 19 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 During the summer of 2001 `` John , '' following a good instinct 
  
  
  
 
 but not as part of any
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155100) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 formal assignment , asked `` Mary , '' an FBI analyst detailed to
  
  
  
 
  the CIA 's Bin Ladin
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155101) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 unit , to review all the Kuala Lumpur materials one more time .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155102) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She had been at the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155103) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 19 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 New York meeting with `` Jane '' and `` Dave '' but had not 
  
  
  
 
 looked into the issues yet
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155104) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 herself . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155105) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 John '' asked her to do the research in her free time .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155106) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Mary '' began her work on July 24 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155107) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 That day , she found the cable reporting that
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155108) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Mihdhar had a visa to the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155109) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 A week later , she found the cable reporting
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155110) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 that Mihdhar 's visa application-what was later discovered to be 
  
  
  
 
 his first
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155111) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 application-listed New York as his destination .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155112) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On August 21 , she located the March
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155113) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 2000 cable that `` noted with interest '' that Hazmi had flown to
  
  
  
 
  Los Angeles in January
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155114) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 2000 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155115) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She immediately grasped the significance of this information .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155116) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Mary '' and `` Jane '' promptly met with an INS representative
  
  
  
 
  at FBI headquarters .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155117) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 On
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155118) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 August 22 , the INS told them that Mihdhar had entered the United
  
  
  
 
  States on January
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155119) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 15, 2000 , and again on July 4, 2001 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155120) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Jane '' and `` Mary '' also learned that there was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155121) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 no record that Hazmi had left the country since January 2000 , 
  
  
  
 
 and they assumed he
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155122) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 had left with Mihdhar in June 2000 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155123) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They decided that if Mihdhar was in the United
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155124) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 States , he should be found .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155125) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They divided up the work . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155126) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Mary '' asked the Bin Ladin unit to draft a cable requesting
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155127) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 that Mihdhar and Hazmi be put on the TIPOFF watchlist .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155128) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Both Hazmi and Mihdhar were
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155129) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 added to this watchlist on August 24 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155130) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Jane '' took responsibility for the search effort inside the 
  
  
  
 
 United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155131) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 As the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155132) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 information indicated that Mihdhar had last arrived in New York ,
  
  
  
 
  she began drafting
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155133) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 what is known as a lead for the FBI 's New York Field Office .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155134) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 A lead relays
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155135) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 information from one part of the FBI to another and requests that
  
  
  
 
  a particular
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155136) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 action be taken .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155137) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She called an agent in New York to give him a `` headsup '' on 
  
  
  
 
 the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155138) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 matter , but her draft lead was not sent until August 28 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155139) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Her email told the New York
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155140) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agent that she wanted him to get started as soon as possible , 
  
  
  
 
 but she labeled the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155141) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 lead as `` Routine '' -a designation that informs the receiving 
  
  
  
 
 office that it has 30
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155142) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 days to respond .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155143) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The agent who received the lead forwarded it to his squad 
  
  
  
 
 supervisor .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155144) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 That same day,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155145) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the supervisor forwarded the lead to an intelligence agent to 
  
  
  
 
 open an intelligence
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155146) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 case-an agent who thus was behind `` the wall '' keeping FBI 
  
  
  
 
 intelligence information
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155147) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 7 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 from being shared with criminal prosecutors .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155148) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He also sent it to the Cole case agents
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155149) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and an agent who had spent significant time in Malaysia searching
  
  
  
 
  for another
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155150) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Khalid : Khalid Sheikh Mohammad .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155151) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The suggested goal of the investigation was to locate Mihdhar , 
  
  
  
 
 determine his contacts
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155152) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 15 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 and reasons for being in the United States , and possibly conduct
  
  
  
 
  an interview .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155153) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 20 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Before sending the lead , `` Jane '' had discussed it with `` 
  
  
  
 
 John , '' the CIA official on
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155154) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 detail to the FBI .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155155) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She had also checked with the acting head of the FBI 's Bin Ladin
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155156) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 unit .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155157) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The discussion seems to have been limited to whether the search 
  
  
  
 
 should be
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155158) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 classified as an intelligence investigation or as a criminal one 
  
  
  
 
 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155159) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It appears that no
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155160) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 one informed higher levels of management in either the FBI or CIA
  
  
  
 
  about the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155161) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 case .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155162) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 There is no evidence that the lead , or the search for these 
  
  
  
 
 terrorist suspects , was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155163) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 substantively discussed at any level above deputy chief of a 
  
  
  
 
 section within the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155164) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Counterterrorism Division at FBI headquarters .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155165) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 One of the Cole case agents read the lead with interest , and 
  
  
  
 
 contacted `` Jane '' to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155166) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 obtain more information . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155167) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Jane '' argued , however , that because the agent was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155168) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 designated a `` criminal ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155169) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 FBI agent , not an intelligence FBI agent , the wall kept him
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155170) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 from participating in any search for Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155171) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 In fact , she felt he had to destroy
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155172) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 his copy of the lead because it contained NSA information from 
  
  
  
 
 reports that included
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155173) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 caveats ordering that the information not be shared without OIPR 
  
  
  
 
 's permission .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155174) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155175) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 agent asked `` Jane '' to get an opinion from the FBI 's National
  
  
  
 
  Security Law Unit
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155176) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 ( NSLU ) on whether he could open a criminal case on Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155177) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Jane '' sent an email to the Cole case agent explaining that 
  
  
  
 
 according to the NSLU ,
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155178) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the case could be opened only as an intelligence matter , and 
  
  
  
 
 that if Mihdhar was
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155179) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 found , only designated intelligence agents could conduct or even
  
  
  
 
  be present at any
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155180) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 interview .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155181) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 She appears to have misunderstood the complex rules that could 
  
  
  
 
 apply to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155182) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 3 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 this situation .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155183) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The FBI agent angrily responded:
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155184) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Whatever has happened to this-someday someone will die-and wall 
  
  
  
 
 or not-the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155185) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 public will not understand why we were not more effective and 
  
  
  
 
 throwing every
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155186) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 resource we had at certain `` problems . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155187) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 8 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Let 's hope the National Security Law Unit
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155188) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 will stand behind their decisions then , especially since the 
  
  
  
 
 biggest threat to
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155189) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 us now , UBL , is getting the most `` protection . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155190) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 '' Jane" replied that she was not making up the rules ; she 
  
  
  
 
 claimed that they were in
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155191) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 19 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 the relevant manual and `` ordered by the [ FISA ] Court and 
  
  
  
 
 every office of the FBI is
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155192) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 required to follow them including FBI NY . ''
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155193) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
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 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 It is now clear that everyone involved was confused about the 
  
  
  
 
 rules governing the
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155194) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 sharing and use of information gathered in intelligence channels 
  
  
  
 
 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155195) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Because Mihdhar
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155196) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 was being sought for his possible connection to or knowledge of 
  
  
  
 
 the Cole bombing , he
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155197) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 could be investigated or tracked under the existing Cole criminal
  
  
  
 
  case .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155198) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 No new
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155199) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 criminal case was needed for the criminal agent to begin 
  
  
  
 
 searching for Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155200) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 1 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 And
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155201) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 as NSA had approved the passage of its information to the 
  
  
  
 
 criminal agent , he could
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155202) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 have conducted a search using all available information .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155203) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 As a result of this
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155204) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 confusion , the criminal agents who were knowledgeable about al 
  
  
  
 
 Qaeda and experienced
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155205) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 with criminal investigative techniques , including finding 
  
  
  
 
 suspects and possible
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155206) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 criminal charges , were thus excluded from the search .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155207) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 16 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 The search was assigned to one FBI agent , and it was his very 
  
  
  
 
 first counterterrorism
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155208) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 2 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 lead .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155209) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Because the lead was `` routine , '' he was given 30 days to open
  
  
  
 
  an intelligence
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155210) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 case and make some unspecified efforts to locate Mihdhar .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155211) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He started the process a
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155212) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 4 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 few days later .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155213) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 12 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 He checked local New York databases for criminal record and 
  
  
  
 
 driver 's
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155214) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 14 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 license information and checked the hotel listed on Mihdhar 's 
  
  
  
 
 U.S. entry form .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155215) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 18 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Finally , on September 11 , the agent sent a lead to Los Angeles 
  
  
  
 
 , because Mihdhar had
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155216) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 9 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 initially arrived in Los Angeles in January 2000 .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155217) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 13 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 We believe that if more resources had been applied and a 
  
  
  
 
 significantly different
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155218) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 approach taken , Mihdhar and Hazmi might have been found .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155219) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 5 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 They had used their true
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155220) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 6 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 names in the United States .
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155221) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 10 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 Still , the investigators would have needed luck as well
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155222) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 17 tags
 
 [POS_tagset] PENN
 
 [text] + [annotationSet]
 
 as skill to find them prior to September 11 even if such searches
  
  
  
 
  had begun as early
  
  
  
 , full-text sentence (4155223) in chapter8_911report:
 
 
 [POS] 11 tags
 
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 as August 23 , when the lead was first drafted .
  
  
  
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 this is incorrect .
  
  
  
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 Both Hazmi and Mihdhar could have been held for immigration
  
  
  
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 violations or as material witnesses in the Cole bombing case .
  
  
  
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 Investigation or
  
  
  
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 could have yielded evidence of connections to other participants 
  
  
  
 
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 The simple fact of their detention could have derailed the plan .
  
  
  
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 in Arizona .
  
  
  
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'' THE SYSTEM WAS BLINKING RED"
THE SUMMER OF THREAT
As 2001 began , counterterrorism officials were receiving frequent but fragmentary
reports about threats .
Indeed , there appeared to be possible threats almost
everywhere the United States had interests-including at home .
To understand how the escalation in threat reporting was handled in the summer of
2001 , it is useful to understand how threat information in general is collected and
conveyed .
Information is collected through several methods , including signals
intelligence and interviews of human sources , and gathered into intelligence
reports .
Depending on the source and nature of the reporting , these reports may be
highly classified-and therefore tightly held-or less sensitive and widely
disseminated to state and local law enforcement agencies .
Threat reporting must be
disseminated , either through individual reports or through threat advisories .
Such
advisories , intended to alert their recipients , may address a specific threat or be
a general warning .
Because the amount of reporting is so voluminous , only a select fraction can be
chosen for briefing the president and senior officials .
During 2001 , Director of
Central Intelligence GeorgeTenet was briefed regularly regarding threats and other
operational information relating to Usama Bin Ladin .
He in turn met daily with President Bush , who was briefed by the CIA through what is
known as the President 's Daily Brief ( PDB ) .
Each PDB consists of a series of six to
eight relatively short articles or briefs covering a broad array of topics ; CIA
staff decides which subjects are the most important on any given day .
There were
more than 40 intelligence articles in the PDBs from January 20 to September 10 ,
2001 , that related to Bin Ladin .
The PDB is considered highly sensitive and is
distributed to only a handful of high-level officials .
The Senior Executive Intelligence Brief ( SEIB ) , distributed to a broader group of
officials , has a similar format and generally covers the same subjects as the PDB .
It usually contains less information so as to protect sources and methods .
Like
their predecessors , the Attorney General , the FBI Director , and Richard Clarke , the
National Security Council ( NSC ) counterterrorism coordinator , all received the SEIB ,
not the PDB .
Clarke and his staff had extensive access to terrorism reporting , but they did not
have access to internal , nondisseminated information at the National Security Agency
( NSA ) , CIA , or FBI .
The Drumbeat Begins In the spring of 2001 , the level of
reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased dramatically to its
highest level since the millennium alert .
At the end of March , the intelligence
community disseminated a terrorist threat advisory , indicating a heightened threat
of Sunni extremist terrorist attacks against U.S. facilities , personnel , and other
interests .
On March 23 , in connection with discussions about possibly reopening Pennsylvania
Avenue in front of the White House , Clarke warned National Security Advisor
Condoleezza Rice that domestic or foreign terrorists might use a truck bomb-their
'' weapon of choice '' -on Pennsylvania Avenue .
That would result , he said , in the
destruction of the West Wing and parts of the residence .
5 He also told her that he
thought there were terrorist cells within the United States , including al Qaeda .
The next week , Rice was briefed on the activities of Abu Zubaydah and on CIA efforts
to locate him .
As pointed out in chapter 6 , Abu Zubaydah had been a major figure in
the millennium plots .
Over the next few weeks , the CIA repeatedly issued
warnings-including calls from DCI Tenet to Clarke -that Abu Zubaydah was planning an
operation in the near future .
One report cited a source indicating that Abu Zubaydah
was planning an attack in a country that CIA analysts thought might be Israel , or
perhaps Saudi Arabia or India .
Clarke relayed these reports to Rice .
In response to these threats , the FBI sent a message to all its field offices on
April 13 , summarizing reporting to date .
It asked the offices to task all resources,
including human sources and electronic databases , for any information pertaining to
'' current operational activities relating to Sunni extremism . ''
It did not suggest
that there was a domestic threat .
The interagency Counterterrorism Security Group ( CSG ) that Clarke chaired discussed
the Abu Zubaydah reports on April 19 .
The next day , a briefing to top officials
reported `` Bin Ladin planning multiple operations . ''
When the deputies discussed al
Qaeda policy on April 30 , they began with a briefing on the threat .
In May 2001 , the drumbeat of reporting grew louder with reports to top officials that
'' Bin Ladin public profile may presage attack '' and `` Bin Ladin network 's plans
advancing . ''
In early May , a walk-in to the FBI claimed there was a plan to launch
attacks on London , Boston , and New York .
Attorney General John Ashcroft was briefed
by the CIA on May 15 regarding al Qaeda generally and the current threat reporting
specifically .
The next day brought a report that a phone call to a U.S. embassy had
warned that Bin Ladin supporters were planning an attack in the United States using
'' high explosives . ''
On May 17 , based on the previous day 's report , the first item on
the CSG 's agenda was `` UBL : Operation Planned in U.S. ''
The
anonymous caller 's tip could not be corroborated .
Late May brought reports of a possible hostage plot against Americans abroad to force
the release of prisoners , including Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman , the `` Blind Sheikh , ''
who was serving a life sentence for his role in the 1993 plot to blow up sites in
New York City .
The reporting noted that operatives might opt to hijack an aircraft
or storm a U.S. embassy .
This report led to a Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA )
information circular to airlines noting the potential for `` an airline hijacking to
free terrorists incarcerated in the United States . ''
Other reporting mentioned that
Abu Zubaydah was planning an attack , possibly against Israel , and expected to carry
out several more if things went well .
On May 24 alone , counterterrorism officials
grappled with reports alleging plots in Yemen and Italy , as well as a report about a
cell in Canada that an anonymous caller had claimed might be planning an attack
against the United States .
Reports similar to many of these were made available to President Bush in morning
intelligence briefings with DCI Tenet , usually attended by Vice President Dick
Cheney and National Security Advisor Rice .
While these briefings discussed general
threats to attack America and American interests , the specific threats mentioned in
these briefings were all overseas .
On May 29 , Clarke suggested that Rice ask DCI Tenet what more the United States could
do to stop Abu Zubaydah from launching '' a series of major terrorist attacks , ''
probably on Israeli targets , but possibly on U.S. facilities .
Clarke wrote to Rice
and her deputy , Stephen Hadley , `` When these attacks occur , as they likely will , we
will wonder what more we could have done to stop them . ''
In May , CIA Counterterrorist
Center ( CTC ) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that the current threat level was a 7 on a
scale of 1 to 10 , as compared to an 8 during the millennium .
High Probability of Near-Term `` Spectacular ''
Attacks
Threat reports surged in June and July , reaching an even higher peak of urgency .
The
summer threats seemed to be focused on Saudi Arabia , Israel , Bahrain , Kuwait , Yemen ,
and possibly Rome , but the danger could be anywhere- including a possible attack on
the G-8 summit in Genoa .
A June 12 CIA report passing along biographical background
information on several terrorists mentioned , in commenting on Khalid Sheikh
Mohammed , that he was recruiting people to travel to the United States to meet with
colleagues already there so that they might conduct terrorist attacks on Bin Ladin 's
behalf .
On June 22 , the CIA notified all its station chiefs about intelligence
suggesting a possible al Qaeda suicide attack on a U.S. target over the next few
days .
DCITenet asked that all U.S. ambassadors be briefed .
That same day , the State Department notified all embassies of the terrorist threat
and updated its worldwide public warning .
In June , the State Department initiated
the Visa Express program in Saudi Arabia as a security measure , in order to keep
long lines of foreigners away from vulnerable embassy spaces .
The program permitted
visa applications to be made through travel agencies , instead of directly at the
embassy or consulate .
A terrorist threat advisory distributed in late June indicated a high probability of
near-term `` spectacular '' terrorist attacks resulting in numerous casualties .
Other
reports ' titles warned , '' Bin Ladin Attacks May be Imminent '' and `` Bin Ladin and
Associates Making Near-Term Threats . ''
The latter reported multiple attacks planned
over the coming days , including a `` severe blow '' against U.S. and Israeli `` interests ''
during the next two weeks .
On June 21 , near the height of the threat reporting , U.S. Central Command raised the
force protection condition level for U.S. troops in six countries to the highest
possible level , Delta .
The U.S. Fifth Fleet moved out of its port in Bahrain , and a
U.S. Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted . U.S. embassies in the Persian Gulf
conducted an emergency security review , and the embassy in Yemen was closed .
The CSG
had foreign emergency response teams , known as FESTs , ready to move on four hours '
notice and kept up the terrorism alert posture on a `` rolling 24 hour basis . ''
On June 25 , Clarke warned Rice and Hadley that six separate intelligence reports
showed al Qaeda personnel warning of a pending attack .
An Arabic television station
reported Bin Ladin 's pleasure with al Qaeda leaders who were saying that the next
weeks `` will witness important surprises '' and that U.S. and Israeli interests will be
targeted .
Al Qaeda also released a new recruitment and fund-raising tape .
Clarke
wrote that this was all too sophisticated to be merely a psychological operation to
keep the United States on edge , and the CIA agreed .
The intelligence reporting
consistently described the upcoming attacks as occurring on a calamitous level,
indicating that they would cause the world to be in turmoil and that they would
consist of possible multiple-but not necessarily simultaneous-attacks .
On June 28 , Clarke wrote Rice that the pattern of al Qaeda activity indicating attack
planning over the past six weeks `` had reached a crescendo. '' '' A series of new reports
continue to convince me and analysts at State, CIA , DIA [Defense Intelligence
Agency ] , and NSA that a major terrorist attack or series of attacks is likely in
July , '' he noted .
One al Qaeda intelligence report warned that something `` very , very,
very , very '' big was about to happen , and most of Bin Ladin 's network was reportedly
anticipating the attack .
In late June , the CIA ordered all its station chiefs to
share information on al Qaeda with their host governments and to push for immediate
disruptions of cells .
The headline of a June 30 briefing to top officials was stark: '' Bin Ladin Planning
High-Profile Attacks . ''
The report stated that Bin Ladin operatives expected
near-term attacks to have dramatic consequences of catastrophic proportions .
That
same day , Saudi Arabia declared its highest level of terror alert .
Despite evidence
of delays possibly caused by heightened U.S. security , the planning for attacks was
continuing .
On July 2 , the FBI Counterterrorism Division sent a message to federal agencies and
state and local law enforcement agencies summarizing information regarding threats
from Bin Ladin .
It warned that there was an increased volume of threat reporting,
indicating a potential for attacks against U.S. targets abroad from groups `` aligned
with or sympathetic to Usama Bin Ladin . ''
Despite the general warnings , the message
further stated , `` The FBI has no information indicating a credible threat of
terrorist attack in the United States . ''
However , it went on to emphasize that the
possibility of attack in the United States could not be discounted .
It also noted
that the July 4 holiday might heighten the threats .
The report asked recipients
to '' exercise extreme vigilance '' and `` report suspicious activities '' to the FBI .
It did
not suggest specific actions that they should take to prevent attacks .
Disruption operations against al Qaeda -affiliated cells were launched involving 20
countries .
Several terrorist operatives were detained by foreign governments,
possibly disrupting operations in the Gulf and Italy and perhaps averting attacks
against two or three U.S. embassies .
Clarke and others told us of a particular
concern about possible attacks on the Fourth of July .
After it passed uneventfully,
the CSG decided to maintain the alert .
To enlist more international help , Vice President Cheney contacted Saudi Crown Prince
Abdullah on July 5 .
Hadley apparently called European counterparts , while Clarke
worked with senior officials in the Gulf .
In late July , because of threats , Italy
closed the airspace over Genoa and mounted antiaircraft batteries at the Genoa
airport during the G-8 summit , which President Bush attended .
At home , the CSG arranged for the CIA to brief intelligence and security officials
from several domestic agencies .
On July 5 , representatives from the Immigration and
Naturalization Service ( INS ) , the FAA , the Coast Guard , the Secret Service , Customs ,
the CIA , and the FBI met with Clarke to discuss the current threat .
Attendees report
that they were told not to disseminate the threat information they received at the
meeting .
They interpreted this direction to mean that although they could brief
their superiors , they could not send out advisories to the field .
An NSC official
recalls a somewhat different emphasis , saying that attendees were asked to take the
information back to their home agencies and `` do what you can '' with it , subject to
classification and distribution restrictions .
A representative from the INS asked
for a summary of the information that she could share with field offices .
She never
received one .
That same day , the CIA briefed Attorney General Ashcroft on the al Qaeda threat,
warning that a significant terrorist attack was imminent .
Ashcroft was told that
preparations for multiple attacks were in late stages or already complete and that
little additional warning could be expected .
The briefing addressed only threats
outside the United States .
The next day , the CIA representative told the CSG that al Qaeda members believed the
upcoming attack would be `` spectacular , '' qualitatively different from anything they
had done to date .
Apparently as a result of the July 5 meeting with Clarke , the interagency committee
on federal building security was tasked to examine security measures .
This committee
met on July 9 , when 37 officials from 27 agencies and organizations were briefed on
the `` current threat level '' in the United States .
They were told that not only the
threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the East Africa
bombings trial , the conviction of Ahmed Ressam , and the just-returned KhobarTowers
indictments reinforced the need to `` exercise extreme vigilance . ''
Attendees were
expected to determine whether their respective agencies needed enhanced security
measures .
On July 18, 2001 , the State Department provided a warning to the public regarding
possible terrorist attacks in the Arabian Peninsula .
Acting FBI Director Thomas Pickard told us he had one of his periodic conference
calls with all special agents in charge on July 19 .
He said one of the items he
mentioned was the need , in light of increased threat reporting , to have evidence
response teams ready to move at a moment 's notice , in case of an attack .
He did not task field offices to try to determine whether any plots were being
considered within the United States or to take any action to disrupt any such plots .
In mid-July , reporting started to indicate that Bin Ladin 's plans had been delayed,
maybe for as long as two months , but not abandoned .
On July 23 , the lead item for
CSG discussion was still the al Qaeda threat , and it included mention of suspected
terrorist travel to the United States .
On July 31 , an FAA circular appeared alerting the aviation community to `` reports of
possible near-term terrorist operations . . . particularly on the Arabian Peninsula
and/or Israel . ''
It stated that the FAA had no credible evidence of specific plans to
attack U.S. civil aviation , though it noted that some of the `` currently active ''
terrorist groups were known to `` plan and train for hijackings '' and were able to build
and conceal sophisticated explosive devices in luggage and consumer products .
Tenet told us that in his world `` the system was blinking red . ''
By late July , Tenet
said , it could not `` get any worse . ''
Not everyone was
convinced .
Some asked whether all these threats might just be deception .
On June 30 ,
the SEIB contained an article titled `` Bin Ladin Threats Are Real . ''
Yet Hadley told
Tenet in July that Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz questioned the
reporting .
Perhaps Bin Ladin was trying to study U.S. reactions .
Tenet replied that
he had already addressed the Defense Department 's questions on this point ; the
reporting was convincing .
To give a sense of his anxiety at the time , one senior
official in the Counterterrorist Center told us that he and a colleague were
considering resigning in order to go public with their concerns .
The Calm Before the Storm
On July 27 , Clarke informed Rice and Hadley that the spike in intelligence about a
near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped .
He urged keeping readiness high during the
August vacation period , warning that another report suggested an attack had just
been postponed for a few months `` but will still happen . ''
On August 1 , the FBI issued an advisory that in light of the increased volume of
threat reporting and the upcoming anniversary of the East Africa embassy bombings,
increased attention should be paid to security planning .
It noted that although most
of the reporting indicated a potential for attacks on U.S. interests abroad , the
possibility of an attack in the United States could not be discounted .
On August 3 , the intelligence community issued an advisory concluding that the threat
of impending al Qaeda attacks would likely continue indefinitely .
Citing threats in
the Arabian Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , and Europe , the advisory suggested that al
Qaeda was lying in wait and searching for gaps in security before moving forward
with the planned attacks .
During the spring and summer of 2001 , President Bush had on several occasions asked
his briefers whether any of the threats pointed to the United States .
Reflecting on
these questions , the CIA decided to write a briefing article summarizing its
understanding of this danger .
Two CIA analysts involved in preparing this briefing
article believed it represented an opportunity to communicate their view that the
threat of a Bin Ladin attack in the United States remained both current and
serious .
The result was an article in the August 6 Presidential Daily Brief titled `` Bin Ladin
Determined to Strike in US . ''
It was the 36th PDB item briefed so far that year that
related to Bin Ladin or al Qaeda , and the first devoted to the possibility of an
attack in the United States .
The President told us the August 6 report was
historical in nature .
President Bush said the article told him that al Qaeda was
dangerous , which he said he had known since he had become President .
The President
said Bin Ladin had long been talking about his desire to attack America .
He recalled
some operational data on the FBI , and remembered thinking it was heartening that 70
investigations were under way .
As best he could recollect , Rice had mentioned that
the Yemenis ' surveillance of a federal building in New York had been looked into in
May and June , but there was no actionable intelligence .
He did not recall discussing
the August 6 report with the Attorney General or whether Rice had done so .
He said
that if his advisers had told him there was a cell in the United States , they would
have moved to take care of it .
That never happened .
Although the following day 's SEIB repeated the title of this PDB , it did not contain
the reference to hijackings , the alert in New York , the alleged casing of buildings
in New York , the threat phoned in to the embassy , or the fact that the FBI had
approximately 70 ongoing bin Ladin-related investigations .
The following is the text of an item from the Presidential Daily Brief received by
President George W. Bush on August 6 , 2001.37 Redacted material is indicated by
brackets .
Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US Clandestine , foreign government , and media
reports indicate Bin Ladin since 1997 has wanted to conduct terrorist attacks in
the US .
Bin Ladin implied in US television interviews in 1997 and 1998 that his
followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef and
'' bring the fighting to America . ''
After US missile strikes on his base in
Afghanistan in 1998 , Bin Ladin told followers he wanted to retaliate in
Washington , according to a [ - ] service .
An Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) operative told an [ - ] service at the same time
that Bin Ladin was planning to exploit the operative 's access to the US to mount
a terrorist strike .
The millennium plotting in Canada in 1999 may have been part of Bin Ladin 's first
serious attempt to implement a terrorist strike in the US .
Convicted plotter
Ahmed Ressam has told the FBI that he conceived the idea to attack Los Angeles
International Airport himself , but that Bin Ladin lieutenant Abu Zubaydah
encouraged him and helped facilitate the operation .
Ressam also said that in
1998 Abu Zubaydah was planning his own US attack .
Ressam says Bin Ladin was aware of the Los Angeles operation .
Although Bin Ladin has not succeeded , his attacks against the US Embassies in
Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrate that he prepares operations years in
advance and is not deterred by setbacks .
Bin Ladin associates surveilled our
Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam as early as 1993 , and some members of the
Nairobi cell planning the bombings were arrested and deported in 1997 .
Al-Qa'ida members-including some who are US citizens-have resided in or traveled
to the US for years , and the group apparently maintains a support structure that
could aid attacks .
Two al-Qua ' da members found guilty in the conspiracy to bomb
our embassies in East Africa were US citizens , and a senior EIJ member lived in
California in the mid- 1990s .
A clandestine source said in 1998 that a Bin Ladin
cell in New York was recruiting Muslim-American youth for attacks .
We have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational threat
reporting , such as that from a [ - ] service in 1998 saying that Bin Ladin wanted
to hijack a US aircraft to gain the release of `` Blind Shaykh ''
'Umar 'Abd
al-Rahman and other US -held extremists .
Nevertheless , FBI information since that time indicates patterns of suspicious
activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings or other
types of attacks , including recent surveillance of federal buildings in New
York .
The FBI is conducting approximately 70 full field investigations throughout the
US that it considers Bin Ladin -related .
CIA and the FBI are investigating a call
to our Embassy in the UAE in May saying that a group of Bin Ladin supporters was
in the US planning attacks with explosives .
No CSG or other NSC meeting was held to discuss the possible threat of a strike in
the United States as a result of this report .
Late in the month , a foreign service reported that Abu Zubaydah was considering
mounting terrorist attacks in the United States , after postponing possible
operations in Europe .
No targets , timing , or method of attack were provided .
We have found no indication of any further discussion before September 11 among the
President and his top advisers of the possibility of a threat of an al Qaeda attack
in the United States .
DCI Tenet visited President Bush in Crawford , Texas , on August
17 and participated in PDB briefings of the President between August 31 ( after the
President had returned to Washington ) and September 10 .
But Tenet does not recall
any discussions with the President of the domestic threat during this period .
Most of the intelligence community recognized in the summer of 2001 that the number
and severity of threat reports were unprecedented .
Many officials told us that they
knew something terrible was planned , and they were desperate to stop it .
Despite
their large number , the threats received contained few specifics regarding time,
place , method , or target .
Most suggested that attacks were planned against targets
overseas ; others indicated threats against unspecified `` U.S. interests . ''
We can not
say for certain whether these reports , as dramatic as they were , related to the 9/11
attacks .
Government Response to the Threats
National Security Advisor Rice told us that the CSG was the `` nerve center '' for
running the crisis , although other senior officials were involved over the course of
the summer .
In addition to his daily meetings with President Bush , and weekly
meetings to go over other issues with Rice , Tenet was speaking regularly with
Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld .
The
foreign policy principals routinely talked on the telephone every day on a variety
of topics .
Hadley told us that before 9/11 , he and Rice did not feel they had the job of
coordinating domestic agencies .
They felt that Clarke and the CSG ( part of the NSC )
were the NSC 's bridge between foreign and domestic threats .
There was a clear disparity in the levels of response to foreign versus domestic
threats .
Numerous actions were taken overseas to disrupt possible attacks- enlisting
foreign partners to upset terrorist plans , closing embassies , moving military assets
out of the way of possible harm .
Far less was done domestically- in part , surely,
because to the extent that specifics did exist , they pertained to threats overseas .
As noted earlier , a threat against the embassy in Yemen quickly resulted in its
closing .
Possible domestic threats were more vague .
When reports did not specify
where the attacks were to take place , officials presumed that they would again be
overseas , though they did not rule out a target in the United States .
Each of the
FBI threat advisories made this point .
Clarke mentioned to National Security Advisor Rice at least twice that al Qaeda
sleeper cells were likely in the United States .
In January 2001 , Clarke forwarded a
strategy paper to Rice warning that al Qaeda had a presence in the United States .
He
noted that two key al Qaeda members in the Jordanian cell involved in the millennium
plot were naturalized U.S. citizens and that one jihadist suspected in the East
Africa bombings had `` informed the FBI that an extensive network of al Qida 'sleeper
agents ' currently exists in the US . ''
He added that Ressam 's abortive December 1999
attack revealed al Qaeda supporters in the United States .
His analysis , however , was based not on new threat reporting but on past experience .
The September 11 attacks fell into the void between the foreign and domestic threats .
The foreign intelligence agencies were watching overseas , alert to foreign threats
to U.S. interests there .
The domestic agencies were waiting for evidence of a
domestic threat from sleeper cells within the United States .
No one was looking for
a foreign threat to domestic targets .
The threat that was coming was not from
sleeper cells .
It was foreign-but from foreigners who had infiltrated into the
United States .
A second cause of this disparity in response is that domestic agencies did not know
what to do , and no one gave them direction .
Cressey told us that the CSG did not
tell the agencies how to respond to the threats .
He noted that the agencies that
were operating overseas did not need direction on how to respond ; they had
experience with such threats and had a `` playbook . ''
In contrast , the domestic
agencies did not have a game plan .
Neither the NSC ( including the CSG ) nor anyone
else instructed them to create one .
This lack of direction was evident in the July 5 meeting with representatives from
the domestic agencies .
The briefing focused on overseas threats .
The domestic
agencies were not questioned about how they planned to address the threat and were
not told what was expected of them .
Indeed , as noted earlier , they were specifically
told they could not issue advisories based on the briefing .
46 The domestic
agencies ' limited response indicates that they did not perceive a call to action .
Clarke reflected a different perspective in an email to Rice on September 15, 2001 .
He summarized the steps taken by the CSG to alert domestic agencies to the
possibility of an attack in the United States .
Clarke concluded that domestic
agencies , including the FAA , knew that the CSG believed a major al Qaeda attack was
coming and could be in the United States .
Although the FAA had authority to issue security directives mandating new security
procedures , none of the few that were released during the summer of 2001 increased
security at checkpoints or on board aircraft .
The information circulars mostly urged
air carriers to `` exercise prudence '' and be alert .
Prior to 9/11 , the FAA did present
a CD-ROM to air carriers and airport authorities describing the increased threat to
civil aviation .
The presentation mentioned the possibility of suicide hijackings but
said that `` fortunately , we have no indication that any group is currently thinking
in that direction . ''
The FAA conducted 27 special security
briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001 , and September 11, 2001 .
Two
of these briefings discussed the hijacking threat overseas .
None discussed the
possibility of suicide hijackings or the use of aircraft as weapons .
No new security
measures were instituted .
Rice told us she understood that the FBI had tasked its 56 U.S. field offices to
increase surveillance of suspected terrorists and to reach out to informants who
might have information about terrorist plots .
An NSC staff document at the time
describes such a tasking as having occurred in late June but does not indicate
whether it was generated by the NSC or the FBI .
Other than the previously described
April 13 communication sent to all FBI field offices , however , the FBI could not
find any record of having received such a directive .
The April 13 document asking
field offices to gather information on Sunni extremism did not mention any possible
threat within the United States and did not order surveillance of suspected
operatives .
The NSC did not specify what the FBI 's directives should contain and did
not review what had been issued earlier .
Acting FBI Director Pickard told us that in addition to his July 19 conference call,
he mentioned the heightened terrorist threat in individual calls with the special
agents in charge of field offices during their annual performance review
discussions .
In speaking with agents around the country , we found little evidence
that any such concerns had reached FBI personnel beyond the New York Field
Office .
The head of counterterrorism at the FBI , Dale Watson , said he had many discussions
about possible attacks with Cofer Black at the CIA .
They had expected an attack on
July 4 .
Watson said he felt deeply that something was going to happen .
But he told
us the threat information was `` nebulous . ''
He wished he had known more .
He wished he
had had `` 500 analysts looking at Usama Bin Ladin threat information instead of
two . ''
Attorney General Ashcroft was briefed by the CIA in May and by Pickard in early July
about the danger .
Pickard said he met with Ashcroft once a week in late June ,
through July , and twice in August .
There is a dispute regarding Ashcroft 's interest
in Pickard 's briefings about the terrorist threat situation .
Pickard told us that
after two such briefings Ashcroft told him that he did not want to hear about the
threats anymore .
Ashcroft denies Pickard 's charge .
Pickard says he continued to
present terrorism information during further briefings that summer , but nothing
further on the `` chatter '' the U.S. government was receiving .
The Attorney General told us he asked Pickard whether there was intelligence about
attacks in the United States and that Pickard said no . Pickard said he replied that
he could not assure Ashcroft that there would be no attacks in the United States ,
although the reports of threats were related to overseas targets .
Ashcroft said he
therefore assumed the FBI was doing what it needed to do .
He acknowledged that in
retrospect , this was a dangerous assumption .
He did not ask the FBI what it was
doing in response to the threats and did not task it to take any specific action .
He
also did not direct the INS , then still part of the Department of Justice , to take
any specific action .
In sum , the domestic agencies never mobilized in response to the threat .
They did not
have direction , and did not have a plan to institute .
The borders were not hardened .
Transportation systems were not fortified .
Electronic surveillance was not targeted
against a domestic threat .
State and local law enforcement were not marshaled to augment the FBI 's efforts .
The
public was not warned .
The terrorists exploited deep institutional failings within our government .
The
question is whether extra vigilance might have turned up an opportunity to disrupt
the plot .
As seen in chapter 7 , al Qaeda's operatives made mistakes .
At least two
such mistakes created opportunities during 2001 , especially in late August .
LATE LEADS-MIHDHAR , MOUSSAOUI , AND KSM
In chapter 6 we discussed how intelligence agencies successfully detected some of the
early travel in the planes operation , picking up the movements of Khalid al Mihdhar
and identifying him , and seeing his travel converge with someone they perhaps could
have identified but did not- Nawaf al Hazmi -as well as with less easily identifiable
people such as Khallad and Abu Bara .
These observations occurred in December 1999
and January 2000 .
The trail had been lost in January 2000 without a clear
realization that it had been lost , and without much effort to pick it up again .
Nor
had the CIA placed Mihdhar on the State Department 's watchlist for suspected
terrorists , so that either an embassy or a port of entry might take note if Mihdhar
showed up again .
On four occasions in 2001 , the CIA , the FBI , or both had apparent opportunities to
refocus on the significance of Hazmi and Mihdhar and reinvigorate the search for
them .
After reviewing those episodes we will turn to the handling of the Moussaoui
case and some late leads regarding Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
January 2001 : Identification of Khallad
Almost one year after the original trail had been lost in Bangkok , the FBI and the
CIA were working on the investigation of the Cole bombing .
They learned of the link
between a captured conspirator and a person called `` Khallad . ''
They also learned that
Khallad was a senior security official for Bin Ladin who had helped direct the
bombing ( we introduced Khallad in chapter 5 , and returned to his role in the Cole
bombing in chapter 6 ) .55 One of the members of the FBI 's investigative team in Yemen
realized that he had heard of Khallad before , from a joint FBI / CIA source four
months earlier .
The FBI agent obtained from a foreign government a photo of the
person believed to have directed the Cole bombing .
It was shown to the source , and
he confirmed that the man in that photograph was the same Khallad he had
described .
In December 2000 , on the basis of some links associated with Khalid al Mihdhar , the
CIA 's Bin Ladin unit speculated that Khallad and Khalid al Mihdhar might be one and
the same .
The CIA asked that a Kuala Lumpur surveillance photo of Mihdhar be shown to the joint
source who had identified Khallad .
In early January 2001 , two photographs from the
Kuala Lumpur meeting were shown to the source .
One was a known photograph of
Mihdhar , the other a photograph of a then unknown subject .
The source did not
recognize Mihdhar .
But he indicated he was 90 percent certain that the other
individual was Khallad .
This meant that Khallad and Mihdhar were two different people .
It also meant that
there was a link between Khallad and Mihdhar , making Mihdhar seem even more
suspicious.59Yet we found no effort by the CIA to renew the long-abandoned search
for Mihdhar or his travel companions .
In addition , we found that the CIA did not notify the FBI of this identification .
DCITenet and Cofer Black testified before Congress 's Joint Inquiry into 9/11 that
the FBI had access to this identification from the beginning .
But drawing on an
extensive record , including documents that were not available to the CIA personnel
who drafted that testimony , we conclude this was not the case .
The FBI 's primary
Cole investigators had no knowledge that Khallad had been in Kuala Lumpur with
Mihdhar and others until after the September 11 attacks .
Because the FBI had not
been informed in January 2000 about Mihdhar 's possession of a U.S. visa , it had not
then started looking for him in the United States .
Because it did not know of the
links between Khallad and Mihdhar , it did not start looking for him in January
2001 .
This incident is an example of how day-to-day gaps in information sharing can emerge
even when there is mutual goodwill .
The information was from a joint FBI / CIA source
who spoke essentially no English and whose languages were not understood by the FBI
agent on the scene overseas .
Issues of travel and security necessarily kept short
the amount of time spent with the source .
As a result , the CIA officer usually did
not translate either questions or answers for his FBI colleague and friend .
For interviews without simultaneous translation , the FBI agent on the scene received
copies of the reports that the CIA disseminated to other agencies regarding the
interviews .
But he was not given access to the CIA 's internal operational reports,
which contained more detail .
It was there-in reporting to which FBI investigators
did not have access-that information regarding the January 2001 identification of
Khallad appeared .
The CIA officer does not recall this particular identification and
thus can not say why it was not shared with his FBI colleague .
He might not have
understood the possible significance of the new identification .
In June 2000 , Mihdhar left California and returned to Yemen .
It is possible that if,
in January 2001 , the CIA had resumed its search for him , placed him on the State
Department's TIPOFF watchlist , or provided the FBI with the information , he might
have been found-either before or at the time he applied for a new visa in June 2001 ,
or when he returned to the United States on July 4 .
Spring 2001 : Looking Again at Kuala Lumpur
By mid- May 2001 , as the threat reports were surging , a CIA official detailed to the
International Terrorism Operations Section at the FBI wondered where the attacks
might occur .
We will call him `` John . ''
Recalling the episode about the Kuala Lumpur
travel of Mihdhar and his associates , `` John '' searched the CIA 's databases for
information regarding the travel .
On May 15 , he and an official at the CIA
reexamined many of the old cables from early 2000 , including the information that
Mihdhar had a U.S. visa , and that Hazmi had come to Los Angeles on January 15 ,
2000 .
The CIA official who reviewed the cables took no action regarding them .
'' John , ''
however , began a lengthy exchange with a CIA analyst , whom we will call `` Dave , '' to
figure out what these cables meant .
'' John '' was aware of how dangerous Khallad was-at
one point calling him a `` major league killer . ''
He concluded that `` something bad was
definitely up . ''
Despite the U.S. links evident in this traffic , '' John '' made no effort
to determine whether any of these individuals was in the United States .
He did not
raise that possibility with his FBI counterpart .
He was focused on Malaysia .
'' John" described the CIA as an agency that tended to play a `` zone defense . ''
He was
worrying solely about Southeast Asia , not the United States .
In contrast , he told
us , the FBI tends to play `` man-to-man . ''
Desk officers at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit did not have `` cases '' in the same sense as
an FBI agent who works an investigation from beginning to end .
Thus , when the trail
went cold after the Kuala Lumpur meeting in January 2000 , the desk officer moved on
to different things .
By the time the March 2000 cable arrived with information that
one of the travelers had flown to Los Angeles , the case officer was no longer
responsible for follow-up .
While several individuals at the Bin Ladin unit opened
the cable when it arrived in March 2000 , no action was taken .
The CIA 's zone defense concentrated on `` where , '' not `` who . ''
Had its information been
shared with the FBI , a combination of the CIA 's zone defense and the FBI 's
man-to-man approach might have been productive .
June 2001 : The Meeting in New York
'' John 's '' review of the Kuala Lumpur meeting did set off some more sharing of
information , getting the attention of an FBI analyst whom we will call `` Jane . ''
'' Jane '' was assigned to the FBI 's Cole investigation .
She knew that another terrorist
involved in that operation , Fahd al Quso , had traveled to Bangkok in January 2000 to
give money to Khallad .
'' Jane '' and the CIA analyst , '' Dave , '' had been working together on Colerelated issues .
Chasing Quso 's trail , `` Dave '' suggested showing some photographs to FBI agents in New
York who were working on the Cole case and had interviewed Quso .
'' John '' gave three Kuala Lumpur surveillance pictures to `` Jane '' to show to the New
York agents .
She was told that one of the individuals in the photographs was someone
named Khalid al Mihdhar .
She did not know why the photographs had been taken or why
the Kuala Lumpur travel might be significant , and she was not told that someone had
identified Khallad in the photographs .
When `` Jane '' did some research in a database
for intelligence reports , Intelink , she found the original NSA reports on the
planning for the meeting .
Because the CIA had not disseminated reports on its
tracking of Mihdhar , `` Jane '' did not pull up any information about Mihdhar 's U.S. visa
or about travel to the United States by Hazmi or Mihdhar .
'' Jane , '' '' Dave , '' and an FBI analyst who was on detail to the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit went
to New York on June 11 to meet with the agents about the Cole case .
'' Jane '' brought
the surveillance pictures .
At some point in the meeting she showed the photographs
to the agents and asked whether they recognized Quso in any of them .
The agents
asked questions about the photographs- Why were they taken ?
Why were these people
being followed ?
Where are the rest of the photographs ?
The only information `` Jane '' had about the meeting-other than the photographs-were the
NSA reports that she had found on Intelink .
These reports , however , contained
caveats that their contents could not be shared with criminal investigators without
the permission of the Justice Department 's Office of Intelligence Policy and Review
( OIPR ) .
Therefore `` Jane '' concluded that she could not pass on information from those
reports to the agents .
This decision was potentially significant , because the
signals intelligence she did not share linked Mihdhar to a suspected terrorist
facility in the Middle East .
The agents would have established a link to the
suspected facility from their work on the embassy bombings case .
This link would
have made them very interested in learning more about Mihdhar .
The sad irony is that the agents who found the source were being kept from obtaining
the fruits of their own work .
'' Dave , '' the CIA analyst , knew more about the Kuala
Lumpur meeting .
He knew that Mihdhar possessed a U.S. visa , that his visa
application indicated that he intended to travel to New York , that Hazmi had
traveled to Los Angeles , and that a source had put Mihdhar in the company of
Khallad .
No one at the meeting asked him what he knew ; he did not volunteer
anything .
He told investigators that as a CIA analyst , he was not authorized to
answer FBI questions regarding CIA information . ''
Jane '' said she assumed that if
'' Dave '' knew the answers to questions , he would have volunteered them .
The New York
agents left the meeting without obtaining information that might have started them
looking for Mihdhar .
Mihdhar had been a weak link in al Qaeda 's operational planning .
He had left the
United States in June 2000 , a mistake KSM realized could endanger the entire
plan-for to continue with the operation , Mihdhar would have to travel to the United
States again .
And unlike other operatives , Mihdhar was not `` clean '' : he had jihadist
connections .
It was just such connections that had brought him to the attention of
U.S. officials .
Nevertheless , in this case KSM 's fears were not realized .
Mihdhar received a new U.S.
visa two days after the CIA - FBI meeting in New York .
He flew to New York City on
July 4 .
No one was looking for him .
August 2001 : The Search for Mihdhar and Hazmi Begins and Fails
During the summer of 2001 `` John , '' following a good instinct but not as part of any
formal assignment , asked `` Mary , '' an FBI analyst detailed to the CIA 's Bin Ladin
unit , to review all the Kuala Lumpur materials one more time .
She had been at the
New York meeting with `` Jane '' and `` Dave '' but had not looked into the issues yet
herself . ''
John '' asked her to do the research in her free time .
'' Mary '' began her work on July 24 .
That day , she found the cable reporting that
Mihdhar had a visa to the United States .
A week later , she found the cable reporting
that Mihdhar 's visa application-what was later discovered to be his first
application-listed New York as his destination .
On August 21 , she located the March
2000 cable that `` noted with interest '' that Hazmi had flown to Los Angeles in January
2000 .
She immediately grasped the significance of this information .
'' Mary '' and `` Jane '' promptly met with an INS representative at FBI headquarters .
On
August 22 , the INS told them that Mihdhar had entered the United States on January
15, 2000 , and again on July 4, 2001 .
'' Jane '' and `` Mary '' also learned that there was
no record that Hazmi had left the country since January 2000 , and they assumed he
had left with Mihdhar in June 2000 .
They decided that if Mihdhar was in the United
States , he should be found .
They divided up the work . ''
Mary '' asked the Bin Ladin unit to draft a cable requesting
that Mihdhar and Hazmi be put on the TIPOFF watchlist .
Both Hazmi and Mihdhar were
added to this watchlist on August 24 .
'' Jane '' took responsibility for the search effort inside the United States .
As the
information indicated that Mihdhar had last arrived in New York , she began drafting
what is known as a lead for the FBI 's New York Field Office .
A lead relays
information from one part of the FBI to another and requests that a particular
action be taken .
She called an agent in New York to give him a `` headsup '' on the
matter , but her draft lead was not sent until August 28 .
Her email told the New York
agent that she wanted him to get started as soon as possible , but she labeled the
lead as `` Routine '' -a designation that informs the receiving office that it has 30
days to respond .
The agent who received the lead forwarded it to his squad supervisor .
That same day,
the supervisor forwarded the lead to an intelligence agent to open an intelligence
case-an agent who thus was behind `` the wall '' keeping FBI intelligence information
from being shared with criminal prosecutors .
He also sent it to the Cole case agents
and an agent who had spent significant time in Malaysia searching for another
Khalid : Khalid Sheikh Mohammad .
The suggested goal of the investigation was to locate Mihdhar , determine his contacts
and reasons for being in the United States , and possibly conduct an interview .
Before sending the lead , `` Jane '' had discussed it with `` John , '' the CIA official on
detail to the FBI .
She had also checked with the acting head of the FBI 's Bin Ladin
unit .
The discussion seems to have been limited to whether the search should be
classified as an intelligence investigation or as a criminal one .
It appears that no
one informed higher levels of management in either the FBI or CIA about the
case .
There is no evidence that the lead , or the search for these terrorist suspects , was
substantively discussed at any level above deputy chief of a section within the
Counterterrorism Division at FBI headquarters .
One of the Cole case agents read the lead with interest , and contacted `` Jane '' to
obtain more information . ''
Jane '' argued , however , that because the agent was
designated a `` criminal ''
FBI agent , not an intelligence FBI agent , the wall kept him
from participating in any search for Mihdhar .
In fact , she felt he had to destroy
his copy of the lead because it contained NSA information from reports that included
caveats ordering that the information not be shared without OIPR 's permission .
The
agent asked `` Jane '' to get an opinion from the FBI 's National Security Law Unit
( NSLU ) on whether he could open a criminal case on Mihdhar .
'' Jane '' sent an email to the Cole case agent explaining that according to the NSLU ,
the case could be opened only as an intelligence matter , and that if Mihdhar was
found , only designated intelligence agents could conduct or even be present at any
interview .
She appears to have misunderstood the complex rules that could apply to
this situation .
The FBI agent angrily responded:
Whatever has happened to this-someday someone will die-and wall or not-the
public will not understand why we were not more effective and throwing every
resource we had at certain `` problems . ''
Let 's hope the National Security Law Unit
will stand behind their decisions then , especially since the biggest threat to
us now , UBL , is getting the most `` protection . ''
'' Jane" replied that she was not making up the rules ; she claimed that they were in
the relevant manual and `` ordered by the [ FISA ] Court and every office of the FBI is
required to follow them including FBI NY . ''
It is now clear that everyone involved was confused about the rules governing the
sharing and use of information gathered in intelligence channels .
Because Mihdhar
was being sought for his possible connection to or knowledge of the Cole bombing , he
could be investigated or tracked under the existing Cole criminal case .
No new
criminal case was needed for the criminal agent to begin searching for Mihdhar .
And
as NSA had approved the passage of its information to the criminal agent , he could
have conducted a search using all available information .
As a result of this
confusion , the criminal agents who were knowledgeable about al Qaeda and experienced
with criminal investigative techniques , including finding suspects and possible
criminal charges , were thus excluded from the search .
The search was assigned to one FBI agent , and it was his very first counterterrorism
lead .
Because the lead was `` routine , '' he was given 30 days to open an intelligence
case and make some unspecified efforts to locate Mihdhar .
He started the process a
few days later .
He checked local New York databases for criminal record and driver 's
license information and checked the hotel listed on Mihdhar 's U.S. entry form .
Finally , on September 11 , the agent sent a lead to Los Angeles , because Mihdhar had
initially arrived in Los Angeles in January 2000 .
We believe that if more resources had been applied and a significantly different
approach taken , Mihdhar and Hazmi might have been found .
They had used their true
names in the United States .
Still , the investigators would have needed luck as well
as skill to find them prior to September 11 even if such searches had begun as early
as August 23 , when the lead was first drafted .
Many FBI witnesses have suggested that even if Mihdhar had been found , there was
nothing the agents could have done except follow him onto the planes .
We believe
this is incorrect .
Both Hazmi and Mihdhar could have been held for immigration
violations or as material witnesses in the Cole bombing case .
Investigation or
interrogation of them , and investigation of their travel and financial activities,
could have yielded evidence of connections to other participants in the 9/11 plot .
The simple fact of their detention could have derailed the plan .
In any case , the
opportunity did not arise .
Phoenix Memo
The Phoenix memo was investigated thoroughly by the Joint Inquiry and the Department
of Justice Inspector General.86We will recap it briefly here .
In July 2001 , an FBI
agent in the Phoenix field office sent a memo to FBI headquarters and to two agents
on international terrorism squads in the New York Field Office , advising of the
'' possibility of a coordinated effort by Usama Bin Ladin '' to send students to the
United States to attend civil aviation schools .
The agent based his theory on the
'' inordinate number of individuals of investigative interest '' attending such schools
in Arizona .
The agent made four recommendations to FBI headquarters : to compile a list of civil
aviation schools , establish liaison with those schools , discuss his theories about
Bin Ladin with the intelligence community , and seek authority to obtain visa
information on persons applying to flight schools .
His recommendations were not
acted on .
His memo was forwarded to one field office .
Managers of the Usama Bin
Ladin unit and the Radical Fundamentalist unit at FBI headquarters were addressees,
but they did not even see the memo until after September 11 .
No managers at
headquarters saw the memo before September 11 , and the New York Field Office took no
action .
As its author told investigators , the Phoenix memo was not an alert about suicide
pilots .
His worry was more about a Pan Am Flight 103 scenario in which explosives
were placed on an aircraft .
The memo 's references to aviation training were broad,
including aeronautical engineering .
If the memo had been distributed in a timely fashion and its recommendations acted on
promptly , we do not believe it would have uncovered the plot .
It might well,
however , have sensitized the FBI so that it might have taken the Moussaoui matter
more seriously the next month .
Zacarias Moussaoui
On August 15, 2001 , the Minneapolis FBI Field Office initiated an intelligence
investigation on Zacarias Moussaoui .
As mentioned in chapter 7 , he had entered the
United States in February 2001 , and had begun flight lessons at Airman Flight School
in Norman , Oklahoma .
He resumed his training at the Pan Am International Flight
Academy in Eagan , Minnesota , starting on August 13 .
He had none of the usual
qualifications for flight training on Pan Am 's Boeing 747 flight simulators .
He said
he did not intend to become a commercial pilot but wanted the training as an `` ego
boosting thing . ''
Moussaoui stood out because , with little knowledge of flying , he
wanted to learn how to `` take off and land '' a Boeing 747 .
The agent in Minneapolis quickly learned that Moussaoui possessed jihadist beliefs .
Moreover , Moussaoui had $32,000 in a bank account but did not provide a plausible
explanation for this sum of money .
He had traveled to Pakistan but became agitated
when asked if he had traveled to nearby countries while in Pakistan ( Pakistan was
the customary route to the training camps in Afghanistan ) .
He planned to receive
martial arts training , and intended to purchase a global positioning receiver .
The
agent also noted that Moussaoui became extremely agitated whenever he was questioned
regarding his religious beliefs .
The agent concluded that Moussaoui was `` an Islamic
extremist preparing for some future act in furtherance of radical fundamentalist
goals . ''
He also believed Moussaoui 's plan was related to his flight training .
Moussaoui can be seen as an al Qaeda mistake and a missed opportunity .
An apparently
unreliable operative , he had fallen into the hands of the FBI .
As discussed in
chapter 7 , Moussaoui had been in contact with and received money from Ramzi
Binalshibh .
If Moussaoui had been connected to al Qaeda , questions should instantly
have arisen about a possible al Qaeda plot that involved piloting airliners , a
possibility that had never been seriously analyzed by the intelligence community .
The FBI agent who handled the case in conjunction with the INS representative on the
Minneapolis Joint Terrorism Task Force suspected that Moussaoui might be planning to
hijack a plane .
Minneapolis and FBI headquarters debated whether Moussaoui should be
arrested immediately or surveilled to obtain additional information .
Because it was
not clear whether Moussaoui could be imprisoned , the FBI case agent decided the most
important thing was to prevent Moussaoui from obtaining any further training that he
could use to carry out a potential attack .
As a French national who had overstayed his visa , Moussaoui could be detained
immediately .
The INS arrested Moussaoui on the immigration violation .
A deportation
order was signed on August 17, 2001 .
The agents in Minnesota were concerned that the U.S. Attorney's Office in Minneapolis
would find insufficient probable cause of a crime to obtain a criminal warrant to
search Moussaoui 's laptop computer .
Agents at FBI headquarters believed there was insufficient probable cause .
Minneapolis therefore sought a special warrant under the Foreign Intelligence
Surveillance Act to conduct the search ( we introduced FISA in chapter 3 ) .
To do so , however , the FBI needed to demonstrate probable cause that Moussaoui was an
agent of a foreign power , a demonstration that was not required to obtain a criminal
warrant but was a statutory requirement for a FISA warrant .
The case agent did not have sufficient information to connect Moussaoui to a `` foreign
power , '' so he reached out for help , in the United States and overseas .
The FBI agent 's August 18 message requested assistance from the FBI legal attach� in
Paris .
Moussaoui had lived in London , so the Minneapolis agent sought assistance
from the legal attach� there as well .
By August 24 , the Minneapolis agent had also
contacted an FBI detailee and a CIA desk officer at the Counterterrorist Center
about the case .
The FBI legal attach� 's office in Paris first contacted the French government on
August 16 or 17 , shortly after speaking to the Minneapolis case agent on the
telephone .
On August 22 and 27 , the French provided information that made a
connection between Moussaoui and a rebel leader in Chechnya , Ibn al Khattab .
This
set off a spirited debate between the Minneapolis Field Office , FBI headquarters,
and the CIA as to whether the Chechen rebels and Khattab were sufficiently
associated with a terrorist organization to constitute a `` foreign power '' for
purposes of the FISA statute .
FBI headquarters did not believe this was good enough,
and its National Security Law Unit declined to submit a FISA application .
After receiving the written request for assistance , the legal attach� in London had
promptly forwarded it to his counterparts in the British government , hand-delivering
the request on August 21 .
On August 24 , the CIA also sent a cable to London and
Paris regarding `` subjects involved in suspicious 747 flight training '' that described
Moussaoui as a possible `` suicide hijacker . ''
On August 28 , the CIA sent a request for
information to a different service of the British government ; this communication
warned that Moussaoui might be expelled to Britain by the end of August .
The FBI
office in London raised the matter briefly with British officials as an aside , after
a meeting about a more urgent matter on September 3 , and sent the British service a
written update on September 5 .
The case was not handled by the British as a priority
amid a large number of other terrorist-related inquiries .
On September 4 , the FBI sent a teletype to the CIA , the FAA , the Customs Service , the
State Department , the INS , and the Secret Service summarizing the known facts
regarding Moussaoui .
It did not report the case agent 's personal assessment that
Moussaoui planned to hijack an airplane .
It did contain the FAA 's comment that it
was not unusual for Middle Easterners to attend flight training schools in the
United States .
Although the Minneapolis agents wanted to tell the FAA from the beginning about
Moussaoui , FBI headquarters instructed Minneapolis that it could not share the more
complete report the case agent had prepared for the FAA .
The Minneapolis supervisor
sent the case agent in person to the local FAA office to fill in what he thought
were gaps in the FBI headquarters teletype .
No FAA actions seem to have been taken in response .
There was substantial disagreement between Minneapolis agents and FBI headquarters as
to what Moussaoui was planning to do .
In one conversation between a Minneapolis
supervisor and a headquarters agent , the latter complained that Minneapolis 's FISA
request was couched in a manner intended to get people `` spun up . ''
The supervisor
replied that was precisely his intent .
He said he was `` trying to keep someone from
taking a plane and crashing into the World Trade Center . ''
The headquarters agent
replied that this was not going to happen and that they did not know if Moussaoui
was a terrorist .
There is no evidence that either FBI Acting Director Pickard or Assistant Director
for Counterterrorism Dale Watson was briefed on the Moussaoui case prior to 9/11 .
Michael Rolince , the FBI assistant director heading the Bureau 's
InternationalTerrorism Operations Section ( ITOS ) , recalled being told about
Moussaoui in two passing hallway conversations but only in the context that he might
be receiving telephone calls from Minneapolis complaining about how headquarters was
handling the matter .
He never received such a call .
Although the acting special
agent in charge of Minneapolis called the ITOS supervisors to discuss the Moussaoui
case on August 27 , he declined to go up the chain of command at FBI headquarters and
call Rolince .
On August 23 , DCI Tenet was briefed about the Moussaoui case in a briefing titled
'' Islamic Extremist Learns to Fly . ''
Tenet was also told
that Moussaoui wanted to learn to fly a 747 , paid for his training in cash , was
interested to learn the doors do not open in flight , and wanted to fly a simulated
flight from London to New York .
He was told that the FBI had arrested Moussaoui
because of a visa overstay and that the CIA was working the case with the FBI .
Tenet
told us that no connection to al Qaeda was apparent to him at the time .
Seeing it as
an FBI case , he did not discuss the matter with anyone at the White House or the
FBI .
No connection was made between Moussaoui 's presence in the United States and
the threat reporting during the summer of 2001 .
On September 11 , after the attacks , the FBI office in London renewed their appeal for
information about Moussaoui .
In response to U.S. requests , the British government
supplied some basic biographical information about Moussaoui .
The British government
informed us that it also immediately tasked intelligence collection facilities for
information about Moussaoui .
On September 13 , the British government received new,
sensitive intelligence that Moussaoui had attended an al Qaeda training camp in
Afghanistan .
It passed this intelligence to the United States on the same day .
Had
this information been available in late August 2001 , the Moussaoui case would almost
certainly have received intense , high-level attention .
The FBI also learned after 9/11 that the millennium terrorist Ressam , who by 2001 was
cooperating with investigators , recognized Moussaoui as someone who had been in the
Afghan camps .
As mentioned above , before 9/11 the FBI agents in Minneapolis had failed to persuade
supervisors at headquarters that there was enough evidence to seek a FISA warrant to
search Moussaoui 's computer hard drive and belongings .
Either the British
information or the Ressam identification would have broken the logjam .
A maximum U.S. effort to investigate Moussaoui conceivably could have unearthed his
connections to Binalshibh .
Those connections might have brought investigators to the
core of the 9/11 plot .
The Binalshibh connection was recognized shortly after 9/11,
though it was not an easy trail to find .
Discovering it would have required quick
and very substantial cooperation from the German government , which might well have
been difficult to obtain .
However , publicity about Moussaoui 's arrest and a possible
hijacking threat might have derailed the plot.107With time , the search for Mihdhar
and Hazmi and the investigation of Moussaoui might also have led to a breakthrough
that would have disrupted the plot .
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
Another late opportunity was presented by a confluence of information regarding
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed received by the intelligence community in the summer of 2001 .
The possible links between KSM , Moussaoui , and an individual only later identified
as Ramzi Binalshibh would remain undiscovered , however .
Although we readily equate KSM with al Qaeda today , this was not the case before
9/11 .
KSM , who had been indicted in January 1996 for his role in the Manila air
plot , was seen primarily as another freelance terrorist , associated with Ramzi
Yousef .
Because the links between KSM and Bin Ladin or al Qaeda were not recognized
at the time , responsibility for KSM remained in the small Islamic Extremist Branch
of the Counterterrorist Center , not in the Bin Ladin unit .
Moreover , because KSM had already been indicted , he became targeted for arrest .
In
1997 , the Counterterrorist Center added a Renditions Branch to help find wanted
fugitives .
Responsibility for KSM was transferred to this branch , which gave the CIA
a `` man-to-man '' focus but was not an analytical unit .
When subsequent information
came , more critical for analysis than for tracking , no unit had the job of following
up on what the information might mean .
For example , in September 2000 , a source had reported that an individual named Khalid
al-Shaykh al-Ballushi was a key lieutenant in al Qaeda .
Al- Ballushi means `` from
Baluchistan , '' and KSM is from Baluchistan .
Recognizing the possible significance of
this information , the Bin Ladin unit sought more information .
When no information
was forthcoming , the Bin Ladin unit dropped the matter .
When additional pieces of the puzzle arrived in the spring and summer of 2001 , they
were not put together .
The first piece of the puzzle concerned some intriguing information associated with a
person known as `` Mukhtar '' that the CIA had begun analyzing in April 2001 .
The CIA
did not know who Mukhtar was at the time-only that he associated with al Qaeda
lieutenant Abu Zubaydah and that , based on the nature of the information , he was
evidently involved in planning possible terrorist activities .
The second piece of the puzzle was some alarming information regarding KSM .
On June
12, 2001 , a CIA report said that `` Khaled '' was actively recruiting people to travel
outside Afghanistan , including to the United States where colleagues were reportedly
already in the country to meet them , to carry out terrorist-related activities for
Bin Ladin .
CIA headquarters presumed from the details of the reporting that this
person was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
In July , the same source was shown a series of
photographs and identified a photograph of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed as the Khaled he
had previously discussed .
The final piece of the puzzle arrived at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit on August 28 in a
cable reporting that KSM 's nickname was Mukhtar .
No one made the connection to the
reports about Mukhtar that had been circulated in the spring .
This connection might
also have underscored concern about the June reporting that KSM was recruiting
terrorists to travel , including to the United States .
Only after 9/11 would it be
discovered that Muhktar/KSM had communicated with a phone that was used by
Binalshibh , and that Binalshibh had used the same phone to communicate with
Moussaoui , as discussed in chapter 7 .
As in the Moussaoui situation already
described , the links to Binalshibh might not have been an easy trail to find and
would have required substantial cooperation from the German government .
But time was
short , and running out .
Time Runs Out
As Tenet told us , `` the system was blinking red '' during the summer of 2001 .
Officials
were alerted across the world .
Many were doing everything they possibly could to
respond to the threats .
Yet no one working on these late leads in the summer of 2001 connected the case in
his or her in-box to the threat reports agitating senior officials and being briefed
to the President .
Thus , these individual cases did not become national priorities .
As the CIA supervisor `` John" told us , no one looked at the bigger picture ; no
analytic work foresaw the lightning that could connect the thundercloud to the
ground .
We see little evidence that the progress of the plot was disturbed by any government
action .
The U.S. government was unable to capitalize on mistakes made by al Qaeda .
Time ran out .

In [27]:

    

for s in docs[0]['sentence']:
    print(s.annotationSet)


    

    




[POS annotation set (6653358) PENN in sentence 4154255:

'' THE SYSTEM WAS BLINKING RED"
-- --- ------ --- -------- ----
'' dt  NP     NP  NP       NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6653359) PENN in sentence 4154256:

THE SUMMER OF THREAT
--- ------ -- ------
dt  NP     in NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653360) PENN in sentence 4154257:

As 2001 began , counterterrorism officials were receiving 
-- ---- ----- - ---------------- --------- ---- --------- 
in cd   VVD   , nn               nns       VBD  VVG       

frequent but fragmentary
-------- --- -----------
jj       cc  jj         
]
[POS annotation set (6653361) PENN in sentence 4154258:

reports about threats .   
------- ----- ------- -   
nns     in    nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653362) PENN in sentence 4154259:

Indeed , there appeared to be possible threats almost
------ - ----- -------- -- -- -------- ------- ------
rb     , ex    VVD      to vb jj       nns     rb    
]
[POS annotation set (6653363) PENN in sentence 4154260:

everywhere the United States had interests-including at home .   
---------- --- ------ ------ --- ------------------- -- ---- -   
rb         dt  NP     NP     VHD VVG                 in nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653364) PENN in sentence 4154261:

To understand how the escalation in threat reporting was handled 
-- ---------- --- --- ---------- -- ------ --------- --- ------- 
to VV         wrb dt  nn         in nn     nn        VBD VVN     

in the summer of
-- --- ------ --
in dt  nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653365) PENN in sentence 4154262:

2001 , it is  useful to understand how threat information in 
---- - -- --  ------ -- ---------- --- ------ ----------- -- 
cd   , PP VBZ jj     to VV         wrb nn     nn          in 

general is  collected and
------- --  --------- ---
nn      VBZ VVN       cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6653366) PENN in sentence 4154263:

conveyed .   
-------- -   
VVD      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653367) PENN in sentence 4154264:

Information is  collected through several methods , including 
----------- --  --------- ------- ------- ------- - --------- 
nn          VBZ VVN       in      jj      nns     , VVG       

signals
-------
nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653368) PENN in sentence 4154265:

intelligence and interviews of human sources , and gathered into 
------------ --- ---------- -- ----- ------- - --- -------- ---- 
nn           cc  nns        in jj    nns     , cc  VVD      in   

intelligence
------------
nn          
]
[POS annotation set (6653369) PENN in sentence 4154266:

reports .   
------- -   
nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653370) PENN in sentence 4154267:

Depending on the source and nature of the reporting , these 
--------- -- --- ------ --- ------ -- --- --------- - ----- 
VVG       in dt  nn     cc  nn     in dt  nn        , dt    

reports may be
------- --- --
nns     md  vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653371) PENN in sentence 4154268:

highly classified-and therefore tightly held-or less sensitive 
------ -------------- --------- ------- ------- ---- --------- 
rb     nn             rb        rb      jj      cc   jj        

and widely
--- ------
cc  rb    
]
[POS annotation set (6653372) PENN in sentence 4154269:

disseminated to state and local law enforcement agencies .   
------------ -- ----- --- ----- --- ----------- -------- -   
VVN          to nn    cc  jj    nn  nn          nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653373) PENN in sentence 4154270:

Threat reporting must be
------ --------- ---- --
nn     nn        md   vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653374) PENN in sentence 4154271:

disseminated , either through individual reports or through 
------------ - ------ ------- ---------- ------- -- ------- 
VVN          , cc     in      jj         nns     cc in      

threat advisories .   
------ ---------- -   
nn     nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653375) PENN in sentence 4154272:

Such
----
jj  
]
[POS annotation set (6653376) PENN in sentence 4154273:

advisories , intended to alert their recipients , may address a  
---------- - -------- -- ----- ----- ---------- - --- ------- -  
nns        , VVN      to VV    PP$   nns        , md  VV      dt 

specific threat or be
-------- ------ -- --
jj       nn     cc vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653377) PENN in sentence 4154274:

a  general warning .   
-  ------- ------- -   
dt jj      nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653378) PENN in sentence 4154275:

Because the amount of reporting is  so voluminous , only a  
------- --- ------ -- --------- --  -- ---------- - ---- -  
in      dt  nn     in nn        VBZ rb jj         , rb   dt 

select fraction can be
------ -------- --- --
jj     nn       md  vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653379) PENN in sentence 4154276:

chosen for briefing the president and senior officials .   
------ --- -------- --- --------- --- ------ --------- -   
VVN    in  nn       dt  nn        cc  jj     nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653380) PENN in sentence 4154277:

During 2001 , Director of
------ ---- - -------- --
in     cd   , NP       in
]
[POS annotation set (6653381) PENN in sentence 4154278:

Central Intelligence GeorgeTenet was briefed regularly regarding 
------- ------------ ----------- --- ------- --------- --------- 
NP      NP           NP          VBD VVN     rb        VVG       

threats and other
------- --- -----
nns     cc  jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6653382) PENN in sentence 4154279:

operational information relating to Usama Bin Ladin .   
----------- ----------- -------- -- ----- --- ----- -   
jj          nn          VVG      to NP    NP  NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653383) PENN in sentence 4154280:

He in turn met daily with President Bush , who was briefed by the
-- -- ---- --- ----- ---- --------- ---- - --- --- ------- -- ---
PP rb VV   VVN rb    in   NP        NP   , wp  VBD VVN     in dt 

 CIA through what is 
 --- ------- ---- -- 
 NP  in      wp   VBZ
]
[POS annotation set (6653384) PENN in sentence 4154281:

known as the President 's  Daily Brief ( PDB ) .   
----- -- --- --------- --  ----- ----- - --- - -   
VVN   in dt  NP        POS NP    NP    ( NP  ) sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653385) PENN in sentence 4154282:

Each PDB consists of a  series of six to
---- --- -------- -- -  ------ -- --- --
dt   NP  VVZ      in dt nn     in cd  to
]
[POS annotation set (6653386) PENN in sentence 4154283:

eight relatively short articles or briefs covering a  broad array
----- ---------- ----- -------- -- ------ -------- -  ----- -----
cd    rb         jj    nns      cc nns    VVG      dt jj    nn   

 of topics ; CIA
 -- ------ - ---
 in nns    : NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6653387) PENN in sentence 4154284:

staff decides which subjects are the most important on any given 
----- ------- ----- -------- --- --- ---- --------- -- --- ----- 
nn    VVZ     wdt   nns      vbp dt  rbs  jj        in dt  VVN   

day .   
--- -   
nn  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653388) PENN in sentence 4154285:

There were
----- ----
ex    VBD 
]
[POS annotation set (6653389) PENN in sentence 4154286:

more than 40 intelligence articles in the PDBs from January 20 to
---- ---- -- ------------ -------- -- --- ---- ---- ------- -- --
jjr  in   cd nn           nns      in dt  NP   in   NP      cd to

 September 10 ,
 --------- -- -
 NP        cd ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653390) PENN in sentence 4154287:

2001 , that related to Bin Ladin .   
---- - ---- ------- -- --- ----- -   
cd   , wdt  VVN     to NP  NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653391) PENN in sentence 4154288:

The PDB is  considered highly sensitive and is 
--- --- --  ---------- ------ --------- --- -- 
dt  NP  VBZ VVN        rb     jj        cc  VBZ
]
[POS annotation set (6653392) PENN in sentence 4154289:

distributed to only a  handful of high-level officials .   
----------- -- ---- -  ------- -- ---------- --------- -   
VVN         to rb   dt nn      in jj         nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653393) PENN in sentence 4154290:

The Senior Executive Intelligence Brief ( SEIB ) , distributed to
--- ------ --------- ------------ ----- - ---- - - ----------- --
dt  NP     NP        NP           NP    ( NP   ) , VVN         to

 a  broader group of
 -  ------- ----- --
 dt jjr     nn    in
]
[POS annotation set (6653394) PENN in sentence 4154291:

officials , has a  similar format and generally covers the same 
--------- - --- -  ------- ------ --- --------- ------ --- ---- 
nns       , VHZ dt jj      nn     cc  rb        VVZ    dt  jj   

subjects as the PDB .   
-------- -- --- --- -   
nns      in dt  NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653395) PENN in sentence 4154292:

It usually contains less information so as to protect sources and
-- ------- -------- ---- ----------- -- -- -- ------- ------- ---
PP rb      VVZ      jjr  nn          rb rb to VV      nns     cc 

 methods .   
 ------- -   
 nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653396) PENN in sentence 4154293:

Like
----
in  
]
[POS annotation set (6653397) PENN in sentence 4154294:

their predecessors , the Attorney General , the FBI Director , 
----- ------------ - --- -------- ------- - --- --- -------- - 
PP$   nns          , dt  NP       NP      , dt  NP  NP       , 

and Richard Clarke , the
--- ------- ------ - ---
cc  NP      NP     , dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653398) PENN in sentence 4154295:

National Security Council ( NSC ) counterterrorism coordinator , 
-------- -------- ------- - --- - ---------------- ----------- - 
NP       NP       NP      ( NP  ) nn               nn          , 

all received the SEIB ,
--- -------- --- ---- -
rb  VVD      dt  NP   ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653399) PENN in sentence 4154296:

not the PDB .   
--- --- --- -   
rb  dt  NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653400) PENN in sentence 4154297:

Clarke and his staff had extensive access to terrorism reporting 
------ --- --- ----- --- --------- ------ -- --------- --------- 
NP     cc  PP$ nn    VHD jj        nn     to nn        nn        

, but they did not
- --- ---- --- ---
, cc  PP   VVD rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6653401) PENN in sentence 4154298:

have access to internal , nondisseminated information at the 
---- ------ -- -------- - --------------- ----------- -- --- 
VHP  nn     to jj       , jj              nn          in dt  

National Security Agency
-------- -------- ------
NP       NP       NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653402) PENN in sentence 4154299:

( NSA ) , CIA , or FBI .   
- --- - - --- - -- --- -   
( NP  ) , NP  , cc NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653403) PENN in sentence 4154300:

The Drumbeat Begins In the spring of 2001 , the level of
--- -------- ------ -- --- ------ -- ---- - --- ----- --
dt  NP       NP     in dt  nn     in cd   , dt  nn    in
]
[POS annotation set (6653404) PENN in sentence 4154301:

reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased 
--------- -- --------- ------- --- ------- ------- --------- 
VVG       in jj        nns     cc  jj      nns     VVD       

dramatically to its
------------ -- ---
rb           to PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653405) PENN in sentence 4154302:

highest level since the millennium alert .   
------- ----- ----- --- ---------- ----- -   
jjs     nn    in    dt  nn         nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653406) PENN in sentence 4154303:

At the end of March , the intelligence
-- --- --- -- ----- - --- ------------
in dt  nn  in NP    , dt  nn          
]
[POS annotation set (6653407) PENN in sentence 4154304:

community disseminated a  terrorist threat advisory , indicating 
--------- ------------ -  --------- ------ -------- - ---------- 
nn        VVN          dt jj        nn     nn       , VVG        

a  heightened threat
-  ---------- ------
dt jj         nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653408) PENN in sentence 4154305:

of Sunni extremist terrorist attacks against U.S. facilities , 
-- ----- --------- --------- ------- ------- ---- ---------- - 
in NP    nn        jj        nns     in      NP   nns        , 

personnel , and other
--------- - --- -----
nns       , cc  jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6653409) PENN in sentence 4154306:

interests .   
--------- -   
nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653410) PENN in sentence 4154307:

On March 23 , in connection with discussions about possibly 
-- ----- -- - -- ---------- ---- ----------- ----- -------- 
in NP    cd , in nn         in   nns         in    rb       

reopening Pennsylvania
--------- ------------
VVG       NP          
]
[POS annotation set (6653411) PENN in sentence 4154308:

Avenue in front of the White House , Clarke warned National 
------ -- ----- -- --- ----- ----- - ------ ------ -------- 
NP     in nn    in dt  NP    NP    , NP     VVD    NP       

Security Advisor
-------- -------
NP       NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6653412) PENN in sentence 4154309:

Condoleezza Rice that    domestic or foreign terrorists might use
----------- ---- ----    -------- -- ------- ---------- ----- ---
NP          NP   IN/that jj       cc jj      nns        md    VV 

 a  truck bomb-their
 -  ----- ----------
 dt nn    nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6653413) PENN in sentence 4154310:

'' weapon of choice '' -on Pennsylvania Avenue .   
-- ------ -- ------ -- --- ------------ ------ -   
'' nn     in nn     '' NP  NP           NP     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653414) PENN in sentence 4154311:

That would result , he said , in the
---- ----- ------ - -- ---- - -- ---
dt   md    VV     , PP VVD  , in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653415) PENN in sentence 4154312:

destruction of the West Wing and parts of the residence .   
----------- -- --- ---- ---- --- ----- -- --- --------- -   
nn          in dt  NP   NP   cc  nns   in dt  nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653416) PENN in sentence 4154313:

5  He also told her that    he
-  -- ---- ---- --- ----    --
ls PP rb   VVD  PP  IN/that PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653417) PENN in sentence 4154314:

thought there were terrorist cells within the United States , 
------- ----- ---- --------- ----- ------ --- ------ ------ - 
VVD     ex    VBD  jj        nns   in     dt  NP     NPS    , 

including al Qaeda .   
--------- -- ----- -   
VVG       NP NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653418) PENN in sentence 4154315:

The next week , Rice was briefed on the activities of Abu 
--- ---- ---- - ---- --- ------- -- --- ---------- -- --- 
dt  jj   nn   , NP   VBD VVN     in dt  nns        in NP  

Zubaydah and on CIA efforts
-------- --- -- --- -------
NP       cc  in NP  nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653419) PENN in sentence 4154316:

to locate him .   
-- ------ --- -   
to VV     PP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653420) PENN in sentence 4154317:

As pointed out in chapter 6  , Abu Zubaydah had been a  major 
-- ------- --- -- ------- -  - --- -------- --- ---- -  ----- 
in VVN     rp  in nn      cd , NP  NP       VHD VBN  dt jj    

figure in
------ --
nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653421) PENN in sentence 4154318:

the millennium plots .   
--- ---------- ----- -   
dt  nn         nns   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653422) PENN in sentence 4154319:

Over the next few weeks , the CIA repeatedly issued
---- --- ---- --- ----- - --- --- ---------- ------
in   dt  jj   jj  nns   , dt  NP  rb         VVD   
]
[POS annotation set (6653423) PENN in sentence 4154320:

warnings-including calls from DCI Tenet to Clarke -that Abu 
------------------ ----- ---- --- ----- -- ------ ----- --- 
VVG                nns   in   NP  NP    to NP     NP    NP  

Zubaydah was planning an
-------- --- -------- --
NP       VBD VVG      dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653424) PENN in sentence 4154321:

operation in the near future .   
--------- -- --- ---- ------ -   
nn        in dt  jj   nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653425) PENN in sentence 4154322:

One report cited a  source indicating that    Abu Zubaydah
--- ------ ----- -  ------ ---------- ----    --- --------
cd  nn     VVD   dt nn     VVG        IN/that NP  NP      
]
[POS annotation set (6653426) PENN in sentence 4154323:

was planning an attack in a  country that    CIA analysts thought
--- -------- -- ------ -- -  ------- ----    --- -------- -------
VBD VVG      dt nn     in dt nn      IN/that NP  nns      VVD    

 might be Israel , or
 ----- -- ------ - --
 md    vb NP     , cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653427) PENN in sentence 4154324:

perhaps Saudi Arabia or India .   
------- ----- ------ -- ----- -   
rb      NP    NP     cc NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653428) PENN in sentence 4154325:

Clarke relayed these reports to Rice .   
------ ------- ----- ------- -- ---- -   
NP     VVD     dt    nns     to NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653429) PENN in sentence 4154326:

In response to these threats , the FBI sent a  message to all its
-- -------- -- ----- ------- - --- --- ---- -  ------- -- --- ---
in nn       to dt    nns     , dt  NP  VVD  dt nn      to dt  PP$

 field offices on
 ----- ------- --
 nn    nns     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653430) PENN in sentence 4154327:

April 13 , summarizing reporting to date .   
----- -- - ----------- --------- -- ---- -   
NP    cd , VVG         VVG       to nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653431) PENN in sentence 4154328:

It asked the offices to task all resources,
-- ----- --- ------- -- ---- --- ----------
PP VVD   dt  nns     to nn   dt  NP        
]
[POS annotation set (6653432) PENN in sentence 4154329:

including human sources and electronic databases , for any 
--------- ----- ------- --- ---------- --------- - --- --- 
VVG       jj    nns     cc  jj         nns       , in  dt  

information pertaining to
----------- ---------- --
nn          VVG        to
]
[POS annotation set (6653433) PENN in sentence 4154330:

'' current operational activities relating to Sunni extremism 
-- ------- ----------- ---------- -------- -- ----- --------- 
'' jj      jj          nns        VVG      to NP    nn        

.    ''
-    --
sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653434) PENN in sentence 4154331:

It did not suggest
-- --- --- -------
PP VVD rb  VV     
]
[POS annotation set (6653435) PENN in sentence 4154332:

that    there was a  domestic threat .   
----    ----- --- -  -------- ------ -   
IN/that ex    VBD dt jj       nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653436) PENN in sentence 4154333:

The interagency Counterterrorism Security Group ( CSG ) that    
--- ----------- ---------------- -------- ----- - --- - ----    
dt  nn          nn               NP       NP    ( NP  ) IN/that 

Clarke chaired discussed
------ ------- ---------
NP     VVD     VVN      
]
[POS annotation set (6653437) PENN in sentence 4154334:

the Abu Zubaydah reports on April 19 .   
--- --- -------- ------- -- ----- -- -   
dt  NP  NP       nns     in NP    cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653438) PENN in sentence 4154335:

The next day , a  briefing to top officials
--- ---- --- - -  -------- -- --- ---------
dt  jj   nn  , dt nn       to jj  nns      
]
[POS annotation set (6653439) PENN in sentence 4154336:

reported `` Bin Ladin planning multiple operations .    ''
-------- -- --- ----- -------- -------- ---------- -    --
VVN      `` NP  NP    VVG      jj       nns        sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653440) PENN in sentence 4154337:

When the deputies discussed al
---- --- -------- --------- --
wrb  dt  nns      VVD       NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653441) PENN in sentence 4154338:

Qaeda policy on April 30 , they began with a  briefing on the 
----- ------ -- ----- -- - ---- ----- ---- -  -------- -- --- 
NP    nn     in NP    cd , PP   VVD   in   dt nn       in dt  

threat .   
------ -   
nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653442) PENN in sentence 4154339:

In May 2001 , the drumbeat of reporting grew louder with reports 
-- --- ---- - --- -------- -- --------- ---- ------ ---- ------- 
in NP  cd   , dt  nn       in nn        VVD  rbr    in   nns     

to top officials that
-- --- --------- ----
to jj  nns       wdt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653443) PENN in sentence 4154340:

'' Bin Ladin public profile may presage attack '' and `` Bin 
-- --- ----- ------ ------- --- ------- ------ -- --- -- --- 
'' NP  NP    jj     nn      md  VV      nn     '' cc  `` NP  

Ladin network 's  plans
----- ------- --  -----
NP    nn      POS nns  
]
[POS annotation set (6653444) PENN in sentence 4154341:

advancing .    ''
--------- -    --
VVG       sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653445) PENN in sentence 4154342:

In early May , a  walk-in to the FBI claimed there was a  plan to
-- ----- --- - -  ------- -- --- --- ------- ----- --- -  ---- --
in jj    NP  , dt jj      to dt  NP  VVD     ex    VBD dt nn   to

 launch
 ------
 VV    
]
[POS annotation set (6653446) PENN in sentence 4154343:

attacks on London , Boston , and New York .   
------- -- ------ - ------ - --- --- ---- -   
nns     in NP     , NP     , cc  NP  NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653447) PENN in sentence 4154344:

Attorney General John Ashcroft was briefed
-------- ------- ---- -------- --- -------
NP       NP      NP   NP       VBD VVN    
]
[POS annotation set (6653448) PENN in sentence 4154345:

by the CIA on May 15 regarding al Qaeda generally and the current
-- --- --- -- --- -- --------- -- ----- --------- --- --- -------
in dt  NP  in NP  cd VVG       NP NP    rb        cc  dt  jj     

 threat reporting
 ------ ---------
 nn     VVG      
]
[POS annotation set (6653449) PENN in sentence 4154346:

specifically .   
------------ -   
rb           sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653450) PENN in sentence 4154347:

The next day brought a  report that    a  phone call to a  U.S. 
--- ---- --- ------- -  ------ ----    -  ----- ---- -- -  ---- 
dt  jj   nn  VVD     dt nn     IN/that dt nn    nn   to dt NP   

embassy had
------- ---
nn      VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6653451) PENN in sentence 4154348:

warned that    Bin Ladin supporters were planning an attack in 
------ ----    --- ----- ---------- ---- -------- -- ------ -- 
VVD    IN/that NP  NP    nns        VBD  VVG      dt nn     in 

the United States using
--- ------ ------ -----
dt  NP     NPS    VVG  
]
[POS annotation set (6653452) PENN in sentence 4154349:

'' high explosives .    ''
-- ---- ---------- -    --
'' jj   nns        sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653453) PENN in sentence 4154350:

On May 17 , based on the previous day 's  report , the first item
-- --- -- - ----- -- --- -------- --- --  ------ - --- ----- ----
in NP  cd , VVN   in dt  jj       nn  POS nn     , dt  jj    nn  

 on
 --
 in
]
[POS annotation set (6653454) PENN in sentence 4154351:

the CSG 's  agenda was `` UBL : Operation Planned in U.S. ''
--- --- --  ------ --- -- --- - --------- ------- -- ---- --
dt  NP  POS nn     VBD `` NP  : nn        NP      in NP   ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653455) PENN in sentence 4154352:

The
---
dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653456) PENN in sentence 4154353:

anonymous caller 's  tip could not be corroborated .   
--------- ------ --  --- ----- --- -- ------------ -   
jj        nn     POS nn  md    rb  vb VVN          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653457) PENN in sentence 4154354:

Late May brought reports of a  possible hostage plot against 
---- --- ------- ------- -- -  -------- ------- ---- ------- 
rb   NP  VVD     nns     in dt jj       nn      nn   in      

Americans abroad to force
--------- ------ -- -----
NPS       rb     to VV   
]
[POS annotation set (6653458) PENN in sentence 4154355:

the release of prisoners , including Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman , 
--- ------- -- --------- - --------- ------ ---- ----- ------ - 
dt  nn      in nns       , VVG       NP     NP   NP    NP     , 

the `` Blind Sheikh , ''
--- -- ----- ------ - --
dt  `` NP    NP     , ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653459) PENN in sentence 4154356:

who was serving a  life sentence for his role in the 1993 plot to
--- --- ------- -  ---- -------- --- --- ---- -- --- ---- ---- --
wp  VBD VVG     dt nn   nn       in  PP$ nn   in dt  cd   nn   to

 blow up sites in
 ---- -- ----- --
 VV   rp nns   in
]
[POS annotation set (6653460) PENN in sentence 4154357:

New York City .   
--- ---- ---- -   
NP  NP   NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653461) PENN in sentence 4154358:

The reporting noted that    operatives might opt to hijack an 
--- --------- ----- ----    ---------- ----- --- -- ------ -- 
dt  nn        VVD   IN/that nns        md    VV  to VV     dt 

aircraft
--------
nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653462) PENN in sentence 4154359:

or storm a  U.S. embassy .   
-- ----- -  ---- ------- -   
cc nn    dt NP   nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653463) PENN in sentence 4154360:

This report led to a  Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA )
---- ------ --- -- -  ------- -------- -------------- - --- -
dt   nn     VVD to dt NP      NP       NP             ( NP  )
]
[POS annotation set (6653464) PENN in sentence 4154361:

information circular to airlines noting the potential for `` an 
----------- -------- -- -------- ------ --- --------- --- -- -- 
nn          jj       to nns      VVG    dt  nn        in  `` dt 

airline hijacking to
------- --------- --
nn      VVG       to
]
[POS annotation set (6653465) PENN in sentence 4154362:

free terrorists incarcerated in the United States .    ''
---- ---------- ------------ -- --- ------ ------ -    --
jj   nns        VVN          in dt  NP     NPS    sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653466) PENN in sentence 4154363:

Other reporting mentioned that   
----- --------- --------- ----   
jj    nn        VVD       IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653467) PENN in sentence 4154364:

Abu Zubaydah was planning an attack , possibly against Israel , 
--- -------- --- -------- -- ------ - -------- ------- ------ - 
NP  NP       VBD VVG      dt nn     , rb       in      NP     , 

and expected to carry
--- -------- -- -----
cc  VVN      to VV   
]
[POS annotation set (6653468) PENN in sentence 4154365:

out several more if things went well .   
--- ------- ---- -- ------ ---- ---- -   
in  jj      jjr  in nns    VVD  rb   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653469) PENN in sentence 4154366:

On May 24 alone , counterterrorism officials
-- --- -- ----- - ---------------- ---------
in NP  cd rb    , nn               nns      
]
[POS annotation set (6653470) PENN in sentence 4154367:

grappled with reports alleging plots in Yemen and Italy , as well
-------- ---- ------- -------- ----- -- ----- --- ----- - -- ----
VVD      in   nns     VVG      nns   in NP    cc  NP    , rb rb  

 as a  report about a 
 -- -  ------ ----- - 
 in dt nn     in    dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653471) PENN in sentence 4154368:

cell in Canada that    an anonymous caller had claimed might be 
---- -- ------ ----    -- --------- ------ --- ------- ----- -- 
nn   in NP     IN/that dt jj        nn     VHD VVN     md    vb 

planning an attack
-------- -- ------
VVG      dt nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653472) PENN in sentence 4154369:

against the United States .   
------- --- ------ ------ -   
in      dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653473) PENN in sentence 4154370:

Reports similar to many of these were made available to President
------- ------- -- ---- -- ----- ---- ---- --------- -- ---------
nns     jj      to jj   in dt    VBD  VVN  jj        to NP       

 Bush in morning
 ---- -- -------
 NP   in nn     
]
[POS annotation set (6653474) PENN in sentence 4154371:

intelligence briefings with DCI Tenet , usually attended by Vice 
------------ --------- ---- --- ----- - ------- -------- -- ---- 
nn           nns       in   NP  NP    , rb      VVD      in NP   

President Dick
--------- ----
NP        NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6653475) PENN in sentence 4154372:

Cheney and National Security Advisor Rice .   
------ --- -------- -------- ------- ---- -   
NP     cc  NP       NP       NP      NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653476) PENN in sentence 4154373:

While these briefings discussed general
----- ----- --------- --------- -------
in    dt    nns       VVD       jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6653477) PENN in sentence 4154374:

threats to attack America and American interests , the specific 
------- -- ------ ------- --- -------- --------- - --- -------- 
nns     to VV     NP      cc  jj       nns       , dt  jj       

threats mentioned in
------- --------- --
nns     VVN       in
]
[POS annotation set (6653478) PENN in sentence 4154375:

these briefings were all overseas .   
----- --------- ---- --- -------- -   
dt    nns       VBD  rb  jj       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653479) PENN in sentence 4154376:

On May 29 , Clarke suggested that    Rice ask DCI Tenet what more
-- --- -- - ------ --------- ----    ---- --- --- ----- ---- ----
in NP  cd , NP     VVD       IN/that NP   VV  NP  NP    wp   rbr 

 the United States could
 --- ------ ------ -----
 dt  NP     NPS    md   
]
[POS annotation set (6653480) PENN in sentence 4154377:

do  to stop Abu Zubaydah from launching '' a  series of major 
--  -- ---- --- -------- ---- --------- -- -  ------ -- ----- 
VVP to VV   NP  NP       in   VVG       '' dt nn     in jj    

terrorist attacks , ''
--------- ------- - --
jj        nns     , ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653481) PENN in sentence 4154378:

probably on Israeli targets , but possibly on U.S. facilities 
-------- -- ------- ------- - --- -------- -- ---- ---------- 
rb       in jj      nns     , cc  rb       in NP   nns        

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653482) PENN in sentence 4154379:

Clarke wrote to Rice
------ ----- -- ----
NP     VVD   to NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6653483) PENN in sentence 4154380:

and her deputy , Stephen Hadley , `` When these attacks occur , 
--- --- ------ - ------- ------ - -- ---- ----- ------- ----- - 
cc  PP$ nn     , NP      NP     , `` wrb  dt    nns     VVP   , 

as they likely will , we
-- ---- ------ ---- - --
in PP   rb     md   , PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653484) PENN in sentence 4154381:

will wonder what more we could have done to stop them .    ''
---- ------ ---- ---- -- ----- ---- ---- -- ---- ---- -    --
md   VV     wp   rbr  PP md    VH   VVN  to VV   PP   sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653485) PENN in sentence 4154382:

In May , CIA Counterterrorist
-- --- - --- ----------------
in NP  , NP  NP              
]
[POS annotation set (6653486) PENN in sentence 4154383:

Center ( CTC ) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that    the current 
------ - --- - ----- ----- ----- ---- ---- ----    --- ------- 
NP     ( NP  ) NP    NP    NP    VVD  NP   IN/that dt  jj      

threat level was a  7  on a 
------ ----- --- -  -  -- - 
nn     nn    VBD dt cd in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653487) PENN in sentence 4154384:

scale of 1  to 10 , as compared to an 8  during the millennium 
----- -- -  -- -- - -- -------- -- -- -  ------ --- ---------- 
nn    in cd to cd , rb VVN      to dt cd in     dt  nn         

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653488) PENN in sentence 4154385:

High Probability of Near-Term `` Spectacular ''
---- ----------- -- --------- -- ----------- --
jj   nn          in jj        `` jj          ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653489) PENN in sentence 4154386:

Attacks
-------
nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653490) PENN in sentence 4154387:

Threat reports surged in June and July , reaching an even higher 
------ ------- ------ -- ---- --- ---- - -------- -- ---- ------ 
nn     nns     VVD    in NP   cc  NP   , VVG      dt rb   jjr    

peak of urgency .   
---- -- ------- -   
nn   in nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653491) PENN in sentence 4154388:

The
---
dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653492) PENN in sentence 4154389:

summer threats seemed to be focused on Saudi Arabia , Israel , 
------ ------- ------ -- -- ------- -- ----- ------ - ------ - 
nn     nns     VVD    to vb VVN     in NP    NP     , NP     , 

Bahrain , Kuwait , Yemen ,
------- - ------ - ----- -
NP      , NP     , NP    ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653493) PENN in sentence 4154390:

and possibly Rome , but the danger could be anywhere- including 
--- -------- ---- - --- --- ------ ----- -- --------- --------- 
cc  rb       NP   , cc  dt  nn     md    vb nn        VVG       

a  possible attack on
-  -------- ------ --
dt jj       nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653494) PENN in sentence 4154391:

the G-8 summit in Genoa .   
--- --- ------ -- ----- -   
dt  NP  nn     in NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653495) PENN in sentence 4154392:

A  June 12 CIA report passing along biographical background
-  ---- -- --- ------ ------- ----- ------------ ----------
dt NP   cd NP  nn     VVG     in    jj           nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6653496) PENN in sentence 4154393:

information on several terrorists mentioned , in commenting on 
----------- -- ------- ---------- --------- - -- ---------- -- 
nn          in jj      nns        VVN       , in VVG        in 

Khalid Sheikh
------ ------
NP     NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653497) PENN in sentence 4154394:

Mohammed , that    he was recruiting people to travel to the 
-------- - ----    -- --- ---------- ------ -- ------ -- --- 
NP       , IN/that PP VBD VVG        nns    to VV     to dt  

United States to meet with
------ ------ -- ---- ----
NP     NPS    to VV   in  
]
[POS annotation set (6653498) PENN in sentence 4154395:

colleagues already there so that    they might conduct terrorist 
---------- ------- ----- -- ----    ---- ----- ------- --------- 
nns        rb      rb    rb IN/that PP   md    VV      jj        

attacks on Bin Ladin 's 
------- -- --- ----- -- 
nns     in NP  NP    POS
]
[POS annotation set (6653499) PENN in sentence 4154396:

behalf .   
------ -   
nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653500) PENN in sentence 4154397:

On June 22 , the CIA notified all its station chiefs about 
-- ---- -- - --- --- -------- --- --- ------- ------ ----- 
in NP   cd , dt  NP  VVD      pdt PP$ nn      nns    in    

intelligence
------------
nn          
]
[POS annotation set (6653501) PENN in sentence 4154398:

suggesting a  possible al Qaeda suicide attack on a  U.S. target 
---------- -  -------- -- ----- ------- ------ -- -  ---- ------ 
VVG        dt jj       NP NP    nn      nn     in dt NP   nn     

over the next few
---- --- ---- ---
in   dt  jj   jj 
]
[POS annotation set (6653502) PENN in sentence 4154399:

days .   
---- -   
nns  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653503) PENN in sentence 4154400:

DCITenet asked that    all U.S. ambassadors be briefed .   
-------- ----- ----    --- ---- ----------- -- ------- -   
NP       VVD   IN/that dt  NP   nns         vb VVN     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653504) PENN in sentence 4154401:

That same day , the State Department notified all embassies of 
---- ---- --- - --- ----- ---------- -------- --- --------- -- 
dt   jj   nn  , dt  NP    NP         VVD      dt  nns       in 

the terrorist threat
--- --------- ------
dt  jj        nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653505) PENN in sentence 4154402:

and updated its worldwide public warning .   
--- ------- --- --------- ------ ------- -   
cc  VVN     PP$ jj        jj     nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653506) PENN in sentence 4154403:

In June , the State Department initiated
-- ---- - --- ----- ---------- ---------
in NP   , dt  NP    NP         VVD      
]
[POS annotation set (6653507) PENN in sentence 4154404:

the Visa Express program in Saudi Arabia as a  security measure ,
--- ---- ------- ------- -- ----- ------ -- -  -------- ------- -
dt  NP   NP      nn      in NP    NP     in dt nn       nn      ,

 in order to keep
 -- ----- -- ----
 in nn    to VV  
]
[POS annotation set (6653508) PENN in sentence 4154405:

long lines of foreigners away from vulnerable embassy spaces .   
---- ----- -- ---------- ---- ---- ---------- ------- ------ -   
jj   nns   in nns        rb   in   jj         nn      nns    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653509) PENN in sentence 4154406:

The program permitted
--- ------- ---------
dt  nn      VVN      
]
[POS annotation set (6653510) PENN in sentence 4154407:

visa applications to be made through travel agencies , instead of
---- ------------ -- -- ---- ------- ------ -------- - ------- --
nn   nns          to vb VVN  in      nn     nns      , rb      in

 directly at the
 -------- -- ---
 rb       in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653511) PENN in sentence 4154408:

embassy or consulate .   
------- -- --------- -   
nn      cc nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653512) PENN in sentence 4154409:

A  terrorist threat advisory distributed in late June indicated 
-  --------- ------ -------- ----------- -- ---- ---- --------- 
dt jj        nn     nn       VVN         in jj   NP   VVD       

a  high probability of
-  ---- ----------- --
dt jj   nn          in
]
[POS annotation set (6653513) PENN in sentence 4154410:

near-term `` spectacular '' terrorist attacks resulting in 
--------- -- ----------- -- --------- ------- --------- -- 
jj        `` jj          '' jj        nns     VVG       in 

numerous casualties .   
-------- ---------- -   
jj       nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653514) PENN in sentence 4154411:

Other
-----
jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6653515) PENN in sentence 4154412:

reports '   titles warned , '' Bin Ladin Attacks May be Imminent 
------- -   ------ ------ - -- --- ----- ------- --- -- -------- 
nns     POS nns    VVD    , '' NP  NP    NP      md  vb jj       

'' and `` Bin Ladin and
-- --- -- --- ----- ---
'' cc  `` NP  NP    cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6653516) PENN in sentence 4154413:

Associates Making Near-Term Threats .    ''
---------- ------ --------- ------- -    --
nns        VVG    NP        NP      sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653517) PENN in sentence 4154414:

The latter reported multiple attacks planned
--- ------ -------- -------- ------- -------
dt  nn     VVD      jj       nns     VVN    
]
[POS annotation set (6653518) PENN in sentence 4154415:

over the coming days , including a  `` severe blow '' against 
---- --- ------ ---- - --------- -  -- ------ ---- -- ------- 
in   dt  VVG    nns  , VVG       dt `` jj     nn   '' in      

U.S. and Israeli `` interests ''
---- --- ------- -- --------- --
NP   cc  jj      `` nns       ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653519) PENN in sentence 4154416:

during the next two weeks .   
------ --- ---- --- ----- -   
in     dt  jj   cd  nns   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653520) PENN in sentence 4154417:

On June 21 , near the height of the threat reporting , U.S. 
-- ---- -- - ---- --- ------ -- --- ------ --------- - ---- 
in NP   cd , in   dt  nn     in dt  nn     nn        , NP   

Central Command raised the
------- ------- ------ ---
NP      NP      VVD    dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653521) PENN in sentence 4154418:

force protection condition level for U.S. troops in six countries
----- ---------- --------- ----- --- ---- ------ -- --- ---------
nn    nn         nn        nn    in  NP   nns    in cd  nns      

 to the highest
 -- --- -------
 to dt  jjs    
]
[POS annotation set (6653522) PENN in sentence 4154419:

possible level , Delta .   
-------- ----- - ----- -   
jj       nn    , NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653523) PENN in sentence 4154420:

The U.S. Fifth Fleet moved out of its port in Bahrain , and a 
--- ---- ----- ----- ----- --- -- --- ---- -- ------- - --- - 
dt  NP   NP    NP    VVD   rp  in PP$ nn   in NP      , cc  dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653524) PENN in sentence 4154421:

U.S. Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted .    U.S. 
---- ------ ----- -------- -- ------ --- ------ -    ---- 
NP   NP     NP    nn       in NP     VBD VVN    sent NP   

embassies in the Persian Gulf
--------- -- --- ------- ----
nns       in dt  NP      NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6653525) PENN in sentence 4154422:

conducted an emergency security review , and the embassy in Yemen
--------- -- --------- -------- ------ - --- --- ------- -- -----
VVN       dt nn        nn       nn     , cc  dt  nn      in NP   

 was closed .   
 --- ------ -   
 VBD VVN    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653526) PENN in sentence 4154423:

The CSG
--- ---
dt  NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6653527) PENN in sentence 4154424:

had foreign emergency response teams , known as FESTs , ready to 
--- ------- --------- -------- ----- - ----- -- ----- - ----- -- 
VHD jj      nn        nn       nns   , VVN   in NP    , jj    to 

move on four hours '  
---- -- ---- ----- -  
VV   in cd   nns   POS
]
[POS annotation set (6653528) PENN in sentence 4154425:

notice and kept up the terrorism alert posture on a  `` rolling 
------ --- ---- -- --- --------- ----- ------- -- -  -- ------- 
nn     cc  VVD  rp dt  nn        jj    nn      in dt `` jj      

24 hour basis .    ''
-- ---- ----- -    --
cd nn   nn    sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653529) PENN in sentence 4154426:

On June 25 , Clarke warned Rice and Hadley that    six separate 
-- ---- -- - ------ ------ ---- --- ------ ----    --- -------- 
in NP   cd , NP     VVD    NP   cc  NP     IN/that cd  jj       

intelligence reports
------------ -------
nn           nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653530) PENN in sentence 4154427:

showed al Qaeda personnel warning of a  pending attack .   
------ -- ----- --------- ------- -- -  ------- ------ -   
VVD    NP NP    nns       VVG     in dt VVG     nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653531) PENN in sentence 4154428:

An Arabic television station
-- ------ ---------- -------
dt NP     nn         nn     
]
[POS annotation set (6653532) PENN in sentence 4154429:

reported Bin Ladin 's  pleasure with al Qaeda leaders who were 
-------- --- ----- --  -------- ---- -- ----- ------- --- ---- 
VVD      NP  NP    POS nn       in   NP NP    nns     wp  VBD  

saying that    the next
------ ----    --- ----
VVG    IN/that dt  jj  
]
[POS annotation set (6653533) PENN in sentence 4154430:

weeks `` will witness important surprises '' and that    U.S. and
----- -- ---- ------- --------- --------- -- --- ----    ---- ---
nns   `` md   VV      jj        nns       '' cc  IN/that NP   cc 

 Israeli interests will be
 ------- --------- ---- --
 jj      nns       md   vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653534) PENN in sentence 4154431:

targeted .   
-------- -   
VVN      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653535) PENN in sentence 4154432:

Al Qaeda also released a  new recruitment and fund-raising tape 
-- ----- ---- -------- -  --- ----------- --- ------------ ---- 
NP NP    rb   VVD      dt jj  nn          cc  jj           nn   

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653536) PENN in sentence 4154433:

Clarke
------
NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653537) PENN in sentence 4154434:

wrote that    this was all too sophisticated to be merely a  
----- ----    ---- --- --- --- ------------- -- -- ------ -  
VVD   IN/that dt   VBD dt  rb  jj            to vb rb     dt 

psychological operation to
------------- --------- --
jj            nn        to
]
[POS annotation set (6653538) PENN in sentence 4154435:

keep the United States on edge , and the CIA agreed .   
---- --- ------ ------ -- ---- - --- --- --- ------ -   
VV   dt  NP     NPS    in nn   , cc  dt  NP  VVD    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653539) PENN in sentence 4154436:

The intelligence reporting
--- ------------ ---------
dt  nn           VVG      
]
[POS annotation set (6653540) PENN in sentence 4154437:

consistently described the upcoming attacks as occurring on a  
------------ --------- --- -------- ------- -- --------- -- -  
rb           VVN       dt  jj       nns     in VVG       in dt 

calamitous level,
---------- ------
jj         NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653541) PENN in sentence 4154438:

indicating that    they would cause the world to be in turmoil 
---------- ----    ---- ----- ----- --- ----- -- -- -- ------- 
VVG        IN/that PP   md    VV    dt  nn    to vb in nn      

and that    they would
--- ----    ---- -----
cc  IN/that PP   md   
]
[POS annotation set (6653542) PENN in sentence 4154439:

consist of possible multiple-but not necessarily simultaneous-
------- -- -------- ------------ --- ----------- -------------
VV      in jj       nn           rb  rb          nns          

attacks .   
------- -   
        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653543) PENN in sentence 4154440:

On June 28 , Clarke wrote Rice that    the pattern of al Qaeda 
-- ---- -- - ------ ----- ---- ----    --- ------- -- -- ----- 
in NP   cd , NP     VVD   NP   IN/that dt  nn      in NP NP    

activity indicating attack
-------- ---------- ------
nn       VVG        nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653544) PENN in sentence 4154441:

planning over the past six weeks `` had reached a  crescendo. '' 
-------- ---- --- ---- --- ----- -- --- ------- -  ---------- -- 
VVG      in   dt  jj   cd  nns   `` VHD VVN     dt nn         '' 

'' A  series of new reports
-- -  ------ -- --- -------
'' dt nn     in jj  nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653545) PENN in sentence 4154442:

continue to convince me and analysts at State, CIA , DIA [Defense
-------- -- -------- -- --- -------- -- ------ --- - --- --------
VV       to VV       PP cc  nns      in NP     NP  , NP  NP      

 Intelligence
 ------------
 NP          
]
[POS annotation set (6653546) PENN in sentence 4154443:

Agency ]   , and NSA that    a  major terrorist attack or series 
------ -   - --- --- ----    -  ----- --------- ------ -- ------ 
nn     sym , cc  NP  IN/that dt jj    jj        nn     cc nn     

of attacks is  likely in
-- ------- --  ------ --
in nns     VBZ jj     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653547) PENN in sentence 4154444:

July , '' he noted .   
---- - -- -- ----- -   
NP   , '' PP VVD   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653548) PENN in sentence 4154445:

One al Qaeda intelligence report warned that    something `` very
--- -- ----- ------------ ------ ------ ----    --------- -- ----
cd  NP NP    nn           nn     VVD    IN/that nn        `` rb  

 , very,
 - -----
 , NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653549) PENN in sentence 4154446:

very , very '' big was about to happen , and most of Bin Ladin 
---- - ---- -- --- --- ----- -- ------ - --- ---- -- --- ----- 
rb   , jj   '' jj  VBD rb    to VV     , cc  jjs  in NP  NP    

's  network was reportedly
--  ------- --- ----------
POS nn      VBD rb        
]
[POS annotation set (6653550) PENN in sentence 4154447:

anticipating the attack .   
------------ --- ------ -   
VVG          dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653551) PENN in sentence 4154448:

In late June , the CIA ordered all its station chiefs to
-- ---- ---- - --- --- ------- --- --- ------- ------ --
in jj   NP   , dt  NP  VVD     pdt PP$ nn      nns    to
]
[POS annotation set (6653552) PENN in sentence 4154449:

share information on al Qaeda with their host governments and to 
----- ----------- -- -- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----------- --- -- 
nn    nn          in NP NP    in   PP$   nn   nns         cc  to 

push for immediate
---- --- ---------
VV   in  jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6653553) PENN in sentence 4154450:

disruptions of cells .   
----------- -- ----- -   
nns         in nns   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653554) PENN in sentence 4154451:

The headline of a  June 30 briefing to top officials was stark: 
--- -------- -- -  ---- -- -------- -- --- --------- --- ------ 
dt  nn       in dt NP   cd nn       to jj  nns       VBD jj     

'' Bin Ladin Planning
-- --- ----- --------
'' NP  NP    NP      
]
[POS annotation set (6653555) PENN in sentence 4154452:

High-Profile Attacks .    ''
------------ ------- -    --
jj           nns     sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653556) PENN in sentence 4154453:

The report stated that    Bin Ladin operatives expected
--- ------ ------ ----    --- ----- ---------- --------
dt  nn     VVD    IN/that NP  NP    nns        VVN     
]
[POS annotation set (6653557) PENN in sentence 4154454:

near-term attacks to have dramatic consequences of catastrophic 
--------- ------- -- ---- -------- ------------ -- ------------ 
jj        nns     to VH   jj       nns          in jj           

proportions .   
----------- -   
nns         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653558) PENN in sentence 4154455:

That
----
dt  
]
[POS annotation set (6653559) PENN in sentence 4154456:

same day , Saudi Arabia declared its highest level of terror 
---- --- - ----- ------ -------- --- ------- ----- -- ------ 
jj   nn  , NP    NP     VVD      PP$ jjs     nn    in nn     

alert .   
----- -   
nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653560) PENN in sentence 4154457:

Despite evidence
------- --------
in      nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653561) PENN in sentence 4154458:

of delays possibly caused by heightened U.S. security , the 
-- ------ -------- ------ -- ---------- ---- -------- - --- 
in nns    rb       VVN    in jj         NP   nn       , dt  

planning for attacks was
-------- --- ------- ---
nn       in  nns     VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653562) PENN in sentence 4154459:

continuing .   
---------- -   
VVG        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653563) PENN in sentence 4154460:

On July 2  , the FBI Counterterrorism Division sent a  message to
-- ---- -  - --- --- ---------------- -------- ---- -  ------- --
in NP   cd , dt  NP  NP               NP       VVD  dt nn      to

 federal agencies and
 ------- -------- ---
 jj      nns      cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6653564) PENN in sentence 4154461:

state and local law enforcement agencies summarizing information 
----- --- ----- --- ----------- -------- ----------- ----------- 
nn    cc  jj    nn  nn          nns      VVG         nn          

regarding threats
--------- -------
VVG       nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653565) PENN in sentence 4154462:

from Bin Ladin .   
---- --- ----- -   
in   NP  NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653566) PENN in sentence 4154463:

It warned that    there was an increased volume of threat 
-- ------ ----    ----- --- -- --------- ------ -- ------ 
PP VVD    IN/that ex    VBD dt VVN       nn     in nn     

reporting,
----------
NP        
]
[POS annotation set (6653567) PENN in sentence 4154464:

indicating a  potential for attacks against U.S. targets abroad 
---------- -  --------- --- ------- ------- ---- ------- ------ 
VVG        dt nn        in  nns     in      NP   nns     rb     

from groups `` aligned
---- ------ -- -------
in   nns    `` VVN    
]
[POS annotation set (6653568) PENN in sentence 4154465:

with or sympathetic to Usama Bin Ladin .    ''
---- -- ----------- -- ----- --- ----- -    --
in   cc jj          to NP    NP  NP    sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653569) PENN in sentence 4154466:

Despite the general warnings , the message
------- --- ------- -------- - --- -------
in      dt  jj      nns      , dt  nn     
]
[POS annotation set (6653570) PENN in sentence 4154467:

further stated , `` The FBI has no information indicating a  
------- ------ - -- --- --- --- -- ----------- ---------- -  
rbr     VVD    , `` dt  NP  VHZ dt nn          VVG        dt 

credible threat of
-------- ------ --
jj       nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653571) PENN in sentence 4154468:

terrorist attack in the United States .    ''
--------- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -    --
jj        nn     in dt  NP     NPS    sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653572) PENN in sentence 4154469:

However , it went on to emphasize that    the
------- - -- ---- -- -- --------- ----    ---
rb      , PP VVD  rp to VV        IN/that dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653573) PENN in sentence 4154470:

possibility of attack in the United States could not be 
----------- -- ------ -- --- ------ ------ ----- --- -- 
nn          in nn     in dt  NP     NPS    md    rb  vb 

discounted .   
---------- -   
VVN        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653574) PENN in sentence 4154471:

It also noted
-- ---- -----
PP rb   VVD  
]
[POS annotation set (6653575) PENN in sentence 4154472:

that    the July 4  holiday might heighten the threats .   
----    --- ---- -  ------- ----- -------- --- ------- -   
IN/that dt  NP   cd nn      md    VV       dt  nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653576) PENN in sentence 4154473:

The report asked recipients
--- ------ ----- ----------
dt  nn     VVD   nns       
]
[POS annotation set (6653577) PENN in sentence 4154474:

to '' exercise extreme vigilance '' and `` report suspicious 
-- -- -------- ------- --------- -- --- -- ------ ---------- 
to '' VVP      jj      nn        '' cc  `` VV     jj         

activities '' to the FBI .   
---------- -- -- --- --- -   
nns        '' to dt  NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653578) PENN in sentence 4154475:

It did
-- ---
PP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653579) PENN in sentence 4154476:

not suggest specific actions that    they should take to prevent 
--- ------- -------- ------- ----    ---- ------ ---- -- ------- 
rb  VVP     jj       nns     IN/that PP   md     VV   to VV      

attacks .   
------- -   
nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653580) PENN in sentence 4154477:

Disruption operations against al Qaeda -affiliated cells were 
---------- ---------- ------- -- ----- ----------- ----- ---- 
nn         nns        in      NP NP    VVD         nns   VBD  

launched involving 20
-------- --------- --
VVN      VVG       cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653581) PENN in sentence 4154478:

countries .   
--------- -   
nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653582) PENN in sentence 4154479:

Several terrorist operatives were detained by foreign 
------- --------- ---------- ---- -------- -- ------- 
jj      jj        nns        VBD  VVN      in jj      

governments,
------------
NP          
]
[POS annotation set (6653583) PENN in sentence 4154480:

possibly disrupting operations in the Gulf and Italy and perhaps 
-------- ---------- ---------- -- --- ---- --- ----- --- ------- 
rb       VVG        nns        in dt  NP   cc  NP    cc  rb      

averting attacks
-------- -------
VVG      nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653584) PENN in sentence 4154481:

against two or three U.S. embassies .   
------- --- -- ----- ---- --------- -   
in      cd  cc cd    NP   nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653585) PENN in sentence 4154482:

Clarke and others told us of a  particular
------ --- ------ ---- -- -- -  ----------
NP     cc  nns    VVD  PP in dt jj        
]
[POS annotation set (6653586) PENN in sentence 4154483:

concern about possible attacks on the Fourth of July .   
------- ----- -------- ------- -- --- ------ -- ---- -   
nn      in    jj       nns     in dt  jj     in NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653587) PENN in sentence 4154484:

After it passed uneventfully,
----- -- ------ -------------
in    PP VVD    NP           
]
[POS annotation set (6653588) PENN in sentence 4154485:

the CSG decided to maintain the alert .   
--- --- ------- -- -------- --- ----- -   
dt  NP  VVD     to VV       dt  nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653589) PENN in sentence 4154486:

To enlist more international help , Vice President Cheney 
-- ------ ---- ------------- ---- - ---- --------- ------ 
to VV     rbr  jj            nn   , NP   NP        NP     

contacted Saudi Crown Prince
--------- ----- ----- ------
VVD       NP    NP    NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653590) PENN in sentence 4154487:

Abdullah on July 5  .   
-------- -- ---- -  -   
NP       in NP   cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653591) PENN in sentence 4154488:

Hadley apparently called European counterparts , while Clarke
------ ---------- ------ -------- ------------ - ----- ------
NP     rb         VVD    jj       nns          , in    NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653592) PENN in sentence 4154489:

worked with senior officials in the Gulf .   
------ ---- ------ --------- -- --- ---- -   
VVN    in   jj     nns       in dt  NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653593) PENN in sentence 4154490:

In late July , because of threats , Italy
-- ---- ---- - ------- -- ------- - -----
in jj   NP   , in      in nns     , NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653594) PENN in sentence 4154491:

closed the airspace over Genoa and mounted antiaircraft batteries
------ --- -------- ---- ----- --- ------- ------------ ---------
VVD    dt  nn       in   NP    cc  VVD     nn           nns      

 at the Genoa
 -- --- -----
 in dt  NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653595) PENN in sentence 4154492:

airport during the G-8 summit , which President Bush attended 
------- ------ --- --- ------ - ----- --------- ---- -------- 
nn      in     dt  NP  nn     , wdt   NP        NP   VVD      

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653596) PENN in sentence 4154493:

At home , the CSG arranged for the CIA to brief intelligence and 
-- ---- - --- --- -------- --- --- --- -- ----- ------------ --- 
in nn   , dt  NP  VVD      in  dt  NP  to VV    nn           cc  

security officials
-------- ---------
nn       nns      
]
[POS annotation set (6653597) PENN in sentence 4154494:

from several domestic agencies .   
---- ------- -------- -------- -   
in   jj      jj       nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653598) PENN in sentence 4154495:

On July 5  , representatives from the Immigration and
-- ---- -  - --------------- ---- --- ----------- ---
in NP   cd , nns             in   dt  nn          cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6653599) PENN in sentence 4154496:

Naturalization Service ( INS ) , the FAA , the Coast Guard , the 
-------------- ------- - --- - - --- --- - --- ----- ----- - --- 
nn             NP      ( NP  ) , dt  NP  , dt  NP    NP    , dt  

Secret Service , Customs ,
------ ------- - ------- -
NP     NP      , NP      ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653600) PENN in sentence 4154497:

the CIA , and the FBI met with Clarke to discuss the current 
--- --- - --- --- --- --- ---- ------ -- ------- --- ------- 
dt  NP  , cc  dt  NP  VVD in   NP     to VV      dt  jj      

threat .   
------ -   
nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653601) PENN in sentence 4154498:

Attendees report
--------- ------
nns       VVP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653602) PENN in sentence 4154499:

that    they were told not to disseminate the threat information 
----    ---- ---- ---- --- -- ----------- --- ------ ----------- 
IN/that PP   VBD  VVN  rb  to VV          dt  nn     nn          

they received at the
---- -------- -- ---
PP   VVD      in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653603) PENN in sentence 4154500:

meeting .   
------- -   
nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653604) PENN in sentence 4154501:

They interpreted this direction to mean that    although they 
---- ----------- ---- --------- -- ---- ----    -------- ---- 
PP   VVD         dt   nn        to VV   IN/that in       PP   

could brief
----- -----
md    VV   
]
[POS annotation set (6653605) PENN in sentence 4154502:

their superiors , they could not send out advisories to the field
----- --------- - ---- ----- --- ---- --- ---------- -- --- -----
PP$   nns       , PP   md    rb  VV   rp  nns        to dt  nn   

 .   
 -   
 sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653606) PENN in sentence 4154503:

An NSC official
-- --- --------
dt NP  nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653607) PENN in sentence 4154504:

recalls a  somewhat different emphasis , saying that    attendees
------- -  -------- --------- -------- - ------ ----    ---------
VVZ     dt rb       jj        nn       , VVG    IN/that nns      

 were asked to take the
 ---- ----- -- ---- ---
 VBD  VVN   to VV   dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653608) PENN in sentence 4154505:

information back to their home agencies and `` do what you can ''
----------- ---- -- ----- ---- -------- --- -- -- ---- --- --- --
nn          rb   to PP$   nn   nns      cc  `` VV wp   PP  md  ''

 with it , subject to
 ---- -- - ------- --
 in   PP , jj      to
]
[POS annotation set (6653609) PENN in sentence 4154506:

classification and distribution restrictions .   
-------------- --- ------------ ------------ -   
nn             cc  nn           nns          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653610) PENN in sentence 4154507:

A  representative from the INS asked
-  -------------- ---- --- --- -----
dt nn             in   dt  NP  VVD  
]
[POS annotation set (6653611) PENN in sentence 4154508:

for a  summary of the information that    she could share with 
--- -  ------- -- --- ----------- ----    --- ----- ----- ---- 
in  dt nn      in dt  nn          IN/that PP  md    VV    in   

field offices .   
----- ------- -   
nn    nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653612) PENN in sentence 4154509:

She never
--- -----
PP  rb   
]
[POS annotation set (6653613) PENN in sentence 4154510:

received one .   
-------- --- -   
VVN      cd  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653614) PENN in sentence 4154511:

That same day , the CIA briefed Attorney General Ashcroft on the 
---- ---- --- - --- --- ------- -------- ------- -------- -- --- 
dt   jj   nn  , dt  NP  VVD     NP       NP      NP       in dt  

al Qaeda threat,
-- ----- -------
NP NP    NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6653615) PENN in sentence 4154512:

warning that    a  significant terrorist attack was imminent .   
------- ----    -  ----------- --------- ------ --- -------- -   
VVG     IN/that dt jj          jj        nn     VBD jj       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653616) PENN in sentence 4154513:

Ashcroft was told that   
-------- --- ---- ----   
NP       VBD VVN  IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653617) PENN in sentence 4154514:

preparations for multiple attacks were in late stages or already 
------------ --- -------- ------- ---- -- ---- ------ -- ------- 
nns          in  jj       nns     VBD  in jj   nns    cc rb      

complete and that   
-------- --- ----   
jj       cc  IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653618) PENN in sentence 4154515:

little additional warning could be expected .   
------ ---------- ------- ----- -- -------- -   
jj     jj         nn      md    vb VVN      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653619) PENN in sentence 4154516:

The briefing addressed only threats
--- -------- --------- ---- -------
dt  nn       VVD       jj   nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653620) PENN in sentence 4154517:

outside the United States .   
------- --- ------ ------ -   
in      dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653621) PENN in sentence 4154518:

The next day , the CIA representative told the CSG that    al 
--- ---- --- - --- --- -------------- ---- --- --- ----    -- 
dt  jj   nn  , dt  NP  nn             VVD  dt  nn  IN/that NP 

Qaeda members believed the
----- ------- -------- ---
NP    nns     VVD      dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653622) PENN in sentence 4154519:

upcoming attack would be `` spectacular , '' qualitatively 
-------- ------ ----- -- -- ----------- - -- ------------- 
jj       nn     md    vb `` jj          , '' rb            

different from anything they
--------- ---- -------- ----
jj        in   nn       PP  
]
[POS annotation set (6653623) PENN in sentence 4154520:

had done to date .   
--- ---- -- ---- -   
VHD VVN  to nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653624) PENN in sentence 4154521:

Apparently as a  result of the July 5  meeting with Clarke , the 
---------- -- -  ------ -- --- ---- -  ------- ---- ------ - --- 
rb         in dt nn     in dt  NP   cd nn      in   NP     , dt  

interagency committee
----------- ---------
nn          nn       
]
[POS annotation set (6653625) PENN in sentence 4154522:

on federal building security was tasked to examine security 
-- ------- -------- -------- --- ------ -- ------- -------- 
in jj      nn       nn       VBD VVN    to VV      nn       

measures .   
-------- -   
nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653626) PENN in sentence 4154523:

This committee
---- ---------
dt   nn       
]
[POS annotation set (6653627) PENN in sentence 4154524:

met on July 9  , when 37 officials from 27 agencies and 
--- -- ---- -  - ---- -- --------- ---- -- -------- --- 
VVN in NP   cd , wrb  cd nns       in   cd nns      cc  

organizations were briefed on
------------- ---- ------- --
nns           VBD  VVN     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653628) PENN in sentence 4154525:

the `` current threat level '' in the United States .   
--- -- ------- ------ ----- -- -- --- ------ ------ -   
dt  `` jj      nn     nn    '' in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653629) PENN in sentence 4154526:

They were told that    not only the
---- ---- ---- ----    --- ---- ---
PP   VBD  VVN  IN/that rb  rb   dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653630) PENN in sentence 4154527:

threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the
------ ------- ---- ------ --- ---- --- ------ ----------- -- ---
nn     nns     in   rb     cc  rb   dt  jj     nns         in dt 

 East Africa
 ---- ------
 NP   NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653631) PENN in sentence 4154528:

bombings trial , the conviction of Ahmed Ressam , and the just-
-------- ----- - --- ---------- -- ----- ------ - --- --- -----
nns      nn    , dt  nn         in NP    NP     , cc  dt  jj   

returned KhobarTowers
-------- ------------
         NP          
]
[POS annotation set (6653632) PENN in sentence 4154529:

indictments reinforced the need to `` exercise extreme vigilance 
----------- ---------- --- ---- -- -- -------- ------- --------- 
nns         VVD        dt  nn   to `` VV       jj      nn        

.    ''
-    --
sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653633) PENN in sentence 4154530:

Attendees were
--------- ----
nns       VBD 
]
[POS annotation set (6653634) PENN in sentence 4154531:

expected to determine whether their respective agencies needed 
-------- -- --------- ------- ----- ---------- -------- ------ 
VVN      to VV        in      PP$   jj         nns      VVD    

enhanced security
-------- --------
jj       nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653635) PENN in sentence 4154532:

measures .   
-------- -   
nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653636) PENN in sentence 4154533:

On July 18, 2001 , the State Department provided a  warning to 
-- ---- --- ---- - --- ----- ---------- -------- -  ------- -- 
in NP   cd  cd   , dt  NP    NP         VVD      dt nn      to 

the public regarding
--- ------ ---------
dt  nn     VVG      
]
[POS annotation set (6653637) PENN in sentence 4154534:

possible terrorist attacks in the Arabian Peninsula .   
-------- --------- ------- -- --- ------- --------- -   
jj       jj        nns     in dt  NP      NP        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653638) PENN in sentence 4154535:

Acting FBI Director Thomas Pickard told us he had one of his 
------ --- -------- ------ ------- ---- -- -- --- --- -- --- 
VVG    NP  NP       NP     NP      VVD  PP PP VHD cd  in PP$ 

periodic conference
-------- ----------
jj       nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6653639) PENN in sentence 4154536:

calls with all special agents in charge on July 19 .   
----- ---- --- ------- ------ -- ------ -- ---- -- -   
nns   in   dt  jj      nns    in nn     in NP   cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653640) PENN in sentence 4154537:

He said one of the items he
-- ---- --- -- --- ----- --
PP VVD  cd  in dt  nns   PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653641) PENN in sentence 4154538:

mentioned was the need , in light of increased threat reporting ,
--------- --- --- ---- - -- ----- -- --------- ------ --------- -
VVN       VBD dt  nn   , in nn    in VVN       nn     nn        ,

 to have evidence
 -- ---- --------
 to VH   nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653642) PENN in sentence 4154539:

response teams ready to move at a  moment 's  notice , in case of
-------- ----- ----- -- ---- -- -  ------ --  ------ - -- ---- --
nn       nns   jj    to VV   in dt nn     POS nn     , in nn   in

 an attack .   
 -- ------ -   
 dt nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653643) PENN in sentence 4154540:

He did not task field offices to try to determine whether any 
-- --- --- ---- ----- ------- -- --- -- --------- ------- --- 
PP VVD rb  nn   nn    nns     to VV  to VV        in      dt  

plots were being
----- ---- -----
nns   VBD  VBG  
]
[POS annotation set (6653644) PENN in sentence 4154541:

considered within the United States or to take any action to 
---------- ------ --- ------ ------ -- -- ---- --- ------ -- 
VVN        in     dt  NP     NPS    cc to VV   dt  nn     to 

disrupt any such plots .   
------- --- ---- ----- -   
VV      dt  jj   nns   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653645) PENN in sentence 4154542:

In mid-July , reporting started to indicate that    Bin Ladin 's 
-- -------- - --------- ------- -- -------- ----    --- ----- -- 
in NP       , nn        VVD     to VV       IN/that NP  NP    POS

 plans had been delayed,
 ----- --- ---- --------
 nns   VHD VBN  VVG     
]
[POS annotation set (6653646) PENN in sentence 4154543:

maybe for as long as two months , but not abandoned .   
----- --- -- ---- -- --- ------ - --- --- --------- -   
rb    in  rb jj   in cd  nns    , cc  rb  VVN       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653647) PENN in sentence 4154544:

On July 23 , the lead item for
-- ---- -- - --- ---- ---- ---
in NP   cd , dt  jj   nn   in 
]
[POS annotation set (6653648) PENN in sentence 4154545:

CSG discussion was still the al Qaeda threat , and it included 
--- ---------- --- ----- --- -- ----- ------ - --- -- -------- 
NP  nn         VBD rb    dt  NP NP    nn     , cc  PP VVD      

mention of suspected
------- -- ---------
nn      in jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6653649) PENN in sentence 4154546:

terrorist travel to the United States .   
--------- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -   
jj        nn     to dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653650) PENN in sentence 4154547:

On July 31 , an FAA circular appeared alerting the aviation 
-- ---- -- - -- --- -------- -------- -------- --- -------- 
in NP   cd , dt NP  jj       VVD      VVG      dt  nn       

community to `` reports of
--------- -- -- ------- --
nn        to `` nns     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653651) PENN in sentence 4154548:

possible near-term terrorist operations .    .    .    
-------- --------- --------- ---------- -    -    -    
jj       jj        jj        nns        sent sent sent 

particularly on the Arabian Peninsula
------------ -- --- ------- ---------
rb           in dt  NP      NP       
]
[POS annotation set (6653652) PENN in sentence 4154549:

and/or Israel .    ''
------ ------ -    --
NP     NP     sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653653) PENN in sentence 4154550:

It stated that    the FAA had no credible evidence of specific 
-- ------ ----    --- --- --- -- -------- -------- -- -------- 
PP VVD    IN/that dt  NP  VHD dt jj       nn       in jj       

plans to
----- --
nns   to
]
[POS annotation set (6653654) PENN in sentence 4154551:

attack U.S. civil aviation , though it noted that    some of the 
------ ---- ----- -------- - ------ -- ----- ----    ---- -- --- 
VV     NP   jj    nn       , in     PP VVD   IN/that dt   in dt  

`` currently active ''
-- --------- ------ --
`` rb        jj     ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653655) PENN in sentence 4154552:

terrorist groups were known to `` plan and train for hijackings 
--------- ------ ---- ----- -- -- ---- --- ----- --- ---------- 
jj        nns    VBD  VVN   to `` VV   cc  VV    in  nns        

'' and were able to build
-- --- ---- ---- -- -----
'' cc  VBD  jj   to VV   
]
[POS annotation set (6653656) PENN in sentence 4154553:

and conceal sophisticated explosive devices in luggage and 
--- ------- ------------- --------- ------- -- ------- --- 
cc  VV      jj            jj        nns     in nn      cc  

consumer products .   
-------- -------- -   
nn       nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653657) PENN in sentence 4154554:

Tenet told us that    in his world `` the system was blinking red
----- ---- -- ----    -- --- ----- -- --- ------ --- -------- ---
nn    VVD  PP IN/that in PP$ nn    `` dt  nn     VBD VVG      jj 

 .    ''
 -    --
 sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653658) PENN in sentence 4154555:

By late July , Tenet
-- ---- ---- - -----
in jj   NP   , NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653659) PENN in sentence 4154556:

said , it could not `` get any worse .    ''
---- - -- ----- --- -- --- --- ----- -    --
VVD  , PP md    rb  `` VV  dt  jjr   sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653660) PENN in sentence 4154557:

Not everyone was
--- -------- ---
rb  nn       VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653661) PENN in sentence 4154558:

convinced .   
--------- -   
VVN       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653662) PENN in sentence 4154559:

Some asked whether all these threats might just be deception .   
---- ----- ------- --- ----- ------- ----- ---- -- --------- -   
dt   VVD   in      pdt dt    nns     md    rb   vb nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653663) PENN in sentence 4154560:

On June 30 ,
-- ---- -- -
in NP   cd ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653664) PENN in sentence 4154561:

the SEIB contained an article titled `` Bin Ladin Threats Are 
--- ---- --------- -- ------- ------ -- --- ----- ------- --- 
dt  NP   VVD       dt nn      VVN    `` NP  NP    NP      vbp 

Real .    ''
---- -    --
jj   sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653665) PENN in sentence 4154562:

Yet Hadley told
--- ------ ----
cc  NP     VVD 
]
[POS annotation set (6653666) PENN in sentence 4154563:

Tenet in July that    Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz 
----- -- ---- ----    ------ --------- -- ------- ---- --------- 
nn    in NP   IN/that NP     NP        in NP      NP   NP        

questioned the
---------- ---
VVD        dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653667) PENN in sentence 4154564:

reporting .   
--------- -   
VVG       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653668) PENN in sentence 4154565:

Perhaps Bin Ladin was trying to study U.S. reactions .   
------- --- ----- --- ------ -- ----- ---- --------- -   
rb      NP  NP    VBD VVG    to VV    NP   nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653669) PENN in sentence 4154566:

Tenet replied that   
----- ------- ----   
nn    VVD     IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653670) PENN in sentence 4154567:

he had already addressed the Defense Department 's  questions on 
-- --- ------- --------- --- ------- ---------- --  --------- -- 
PP VHD rb      VVN       dt  NP      NP         POS nns       in 

this point ; the
---- ----- - ---
dt   nn    : dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653671) PENN in sentence 4154568:

reporting was convincing .   
--------- --- ---------- -   
nn        VBD jj         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653672) PENN in sentence 4154569:

To give a  sense of his anxiety at the time , one senior
-- ---- -  ----- -- --- ------- -- --- ---- - --- ------
to VV   dt nn    in PP$ nn      in dt  nn   , cd  jj    
]
[POS annotation set (6653673) PENN in sentence 4154570:

official in the Counterterrorist Center told us that    he and a 
-------- -- --- ---------------- ------ ---- -- ----    -- --- - 
nn       in dt  NP               NP     VVD  PP IN/that PP cc  dt

 colleague were
 --------- ----
 nn        VBD 
]
[POS annotation set (6653674) PENN in sentence 4154571:

considering resigning in order to go public with their concerns 
----------- --------- -- ----- -- -- ------ ---- ----- -------- 
VVG         VVG       in nn    to VV jj     in   PP$   nns      

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653675) PENN in sentence 4154572:

The Calm Before the Storm
--- ---- ------ --- -----
dt  NP   in     dt  NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653676) PENN in sentence 4154573:

On July 27 , Clarke informed Rice and Hadley that    the spike in
-- ---- -- - ------ -------- ---- --- ------ ----    --- ----- --
in NP   cd , NP     VVD      NP   cc  NP     IN/that dt  nn    in

 intelligence about a 
 ------------ ----- - 
 nn           in    dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653677) PENN in sentence 4154574:

near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped .   
--------- -- ----- ------ --- ------- -   
jj        NP NP    nn     VHD VVN     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653678) PENN in sentence 4154575:

He urged keeping readiness high during the
-- ----- ------- --------- ---- ------ ---
PP VVD   VVG     nn        jj   in     dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653679) PENN in sentence 4154576:

August vacation period , warning that    another report suggested
------ -------- ------ - ------- ----    ------- ------ ---------
NP     nn       nn     , VVG     IN/that dt      nn     VVD      

 an attack had just
 -- ------ --- ----
 dt nn     VHD rb  
]
[POS annotation set (6653680) PENN in sentence 4154577:

been postponed for a  few months `` but will still happen .    ''
---- --------- --- -  --- ------ -- --- ---- ----- ------ -    --
VBN  VVN       in  dt jj  nns    `` cc  md   rb    VV     sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653681) PENN in sentence 4154578:

On August 1  , the FBI issued an advisory that    in light of the
-- ------ -  - --- --- ------ -- -------- ----    -- ----- -- ---
in NP     cd , dt  NP  VVD    dt nn       IN/that in nn    in dt 

 increased volume of
 --------- ------ --
 VVN       nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653682) PENN in sentence 4154579:

threat reporting and the upcoming anniversary of the East Africa 
------ --------- --- --- -------- ----------- -- --- ---- ------ 
nn     nn        cc  dt  jj       nn          in dt  NP   NP     

embassy bombings,
------- ---------
nn      NP       
]
[POS annotation set (6653683) PENN in sentence 4154580:

increased attention should be paid to security planning .   
--------- --------- ------ -- ---- -- -------- -------- -   
VVN       nn        md     vb VVN  to nn       nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653684) PENN in sentence 4154581:

It noted that    although most
-- ----- ----    -------- ----
PP VVD   IN/that in       jjs 
]
[POS annotation set (6653685) PENN in sentence 4154582:

of the reporting indicated a  potential for attacks on U.S. 
-- --- --------- --------- -  --------- --- ------- -- ---- 
in dt  nn        VVD       dt nn        in  nns     in NP   

interests abroad , the
--------- ------ - ---
nns       rb     , dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653686) PENN in sentence 4154583:

possibility of an attack in the United States could not be 
----------- -- -- ------ -- --- ------ ------ ----- --- -- 
nn          in dt nn     in dt  NP     NPS    md    rb  vb 

discounted .   
---------- -   
VVN        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653687) PENN in sentence 4154584:

On August 3  , the intelligence community issued an advisory 
-- ------ -  - --- ------------ --------- ------ -- -------- 
in NP     cd , dt  nn           nn        VVD    dt nn       

concluding that    the threat
---------- ----    --- ------
VVG        IN/that dt  nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653688) PENN in sentence 4154585:

of impending al Qaeda attacks would likely continue indefinitely 
-- --------- -- ----- ------- ----- ------ -------- ------------ 
in jj        NP NP    nns     md    rb     VV       rb           

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653689) PENN in sentence 4154586:

Citing threats in
------ ------- --
VVG    nns     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653690) PENN in sentence 4154587:

the Arabian Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , and Europe , the 
--- ------- --------- - ------ - ------ - --- ------ - --- 
dt  NP      NP        , NP     , NP     , cc  NP     , dt  

advisory suggested that    al
-------- --------- ----    --
nn       VVD       IN/that NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653691) PENN in sentence 4154588:

Qaeda was lying in wait and searching for gaps in security before
----- --- ----- -- ---- --- --------- --- ---- -- -------- ------
NP    VBD VVG   in nn   cc  VVG       in  nns  in nn       in    

 moving forward
 ------ -------
 VVG    rb     
]
[POS annotation set (6653692) PENN in sentence 4154589:

with the planned attacks .   
---- --- ------- ------- -   
in   dt  jj      nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653693) PENN in sentence 4154590:

During the spring and summer of 2001 , President Bush had on 
------ --- ------ --- ------ -- ---- - --------- ---- --- -- 
in     dt  nn     cc  nn     in cd   , NP        NP   VHD in 

several occasions asked
------- --------- -----
jj      nns       VVD  
]
[POS annotation set (6653694) PENN in sentence 4154591:

his briefers whether any of the threats pointed to the United 
--- -------- ------- --- -- --- ------- ------- -- --- ------ 
PP$ nns      in      dt  in dt  nns     VVD     to dt  NP     

States .   
------ -   
NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653695) PENN in sentence 4154592:

Reflecting on
---------- --
VVG        in
]
[POS annotation set (6653696) PENN in sentence 4154593:

these questions , the CIA decided to write a  briefing article 
----- --------- - --- --- ------- -- ----- -  -------- ------- 
dt    nns       , dt  NP  VVD     to VV    dt nn       nn      

summarizing its
----------- ---
VVG         PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653697) PENN in sentence 4154594:

understanding of this danger .   
------------- -- ---- ------ -   
VVG           in dt   nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653698) PENN in sentence 4154595:

Two CIA analysts involved in preparing this briefing
--- --- -------- -------- -- --------- ---- --------
cd  NP  nns      VVN      in VVG       dt   nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653699) PENN in sentence 4154596:

article believed it represented an opportunity to communicate 
------- -------- -- ----------- -- ----------- -- ----------- 
nn      VVD      PP VVD         dt nn          to VV          

their view that    the
----- ---- ----    ---
PP$   nn   IN/that dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653700) PENN in sentence 4154597:

threat of a  Bin Ladin attack in the United States remained both 
------ -- -  --- ----- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -------- ---- 
nn     in dt NP  NP    nn     in dt  NP     NPS    VVD      dt   

current and
------- ---
jj      cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6653701) PENN in sentence 4154598:

serious .   
------- -   
jj      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653702) PENN in sentence 4154599:

The result was an article in the August 6  Presidential Daily 
--- ------ --- -- ------- -- --- ------ -  ------------ ----- 
dt  nn     VBD dt nn      in dt  NP     cd NP           NP    

Brief titled `` Bin Ladin
----- ------ -- --- -----
NP    VVD    `` NP  NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653703) PENN in sentence 4154600:

Determined to Strike in US .    ''
---------- -- ------ -- -- -    --
VVN        to NP     in NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653704) PENN in sentence 4154601:

It was the 36th PDB item briefed so far that year that   
-- --- --- ---- --- ---- ------- -- --- ---- ---- ----   
PP VBD dt  jj   NP  nn   VVD     rb rb  dt   nn   IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653705) PENN in sentence 4154602:

related to Bin Ladin or al Qaeda , and the first devoted to the 
------- -- --- ----- -- -- ----- - --- --- ----- ------- -- --- 
VVN     to NP  NP    cc NP NP    , cc  dt  rb    VVN     to dt  

possibility of an
----------- -- --
nn          in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653706) PENN in sentence 4154603:

attack in the United States .   
------ -- --- ------ ------ -   
nn     in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653707) PENN in sentence 4154604:

The President told us the August 6  report was
--- --------- ---- -- --- ------ -  ------ ---
dt  NP        VVD  PP dt  NP     cd nn     VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653708) PENN in sentence 4154605:

historical in nature .   
---------- -- ------ -   
jj         in nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653709) PENN in sentence 4154606:

President Bush said the article told him that    al Qaeda was
--------- ---- ---- --- ------- ---- --- ----    -- ----- ---
NP        NP   VVD  dt  nn      VVD  PP  IN/that NP NP    VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653710) PENN in sentence 4154607:

dangerous , which he said he had known since he had become 
--------- - ----- -- ---- -- --- ----- ----- -- --- ------ 
jj        , wdt   PP VVD  PP VHD VVN   in    PP VHD VVN    

President .   
--------- -   
NP        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653711) PENN in sentence 4154608:

The President
--- ---------
dt  NP       
]
[POS annotation set (6653712) PENN in sentence 4154609:

said Bin Ladin had long been talking about his desire to attack 
---- --- ----- --- ---- ---- ------- ----- --- ------ -- ------ 
VVD  NP  NP    VHD rb   VBN  VVG     in    PP$ nn     to VV     

America .   
------- -   
NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653713) PENN in sentence 4154610:

He recalled
-- --------
PP VVD     
]
[POS annotation set (6653714) PENN in sentence 4154611:

some operational data on the FBI , and remembered thinking it was
---- ----------- ---- -- --- --- - --- ---------- -------- -- ---
dt   jj          nns  in dt  NP  , cc  VVD        VVG      PP VBD

 heartening that    70
 ---------- ----    --
 VVG        IN/that cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653715) PENN in sentence 4154612:

investigations were under way .   
-------------- ---- ----- --- -   
nns            VBD  in    nn  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653716) PENN in sentence 4154613:

As best he could recollect , Rice had mentioned that   
-- ---- -- ----- --------- - ---- --- --------- ----   
in jjs  PP md    VV        , NP   VHD VVN       IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653717) PENN in sentence 4154614:

the Yemenis '   surveillance of a  federal building in New York 
--- ------- -   ------------ -- -  ------- -------- -- --- ---- 
dt  nns     POS nn           in dt jj      nn       in NP  NP   

had been looked into in
--- ---- ------ ---- --
VHD VBN  VVN    in   in
]
[POS annotation set (6653718) PENN in sentence 4154615:

May and June , but there was no actionable intelligence .   
--- --- ---- - --- ----- --- -- ---------- ------------ -   
NP  cc  NP   , cc  ex    VBD dt jj         nn           sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653719) PENN in sentence 4154616:

He did not recall discussing
-- --- --- ------ ----------
PP VVD rb  VV     VVG       
]
[POS annotation set (6653720) PENN in sentence 4154617:

the August 6  report with the Attorney General or whether Rice 
--- ------ -  ------ ---- --- -------- ------- -- ------- ---- 
dt  NP     cd nn     in   dt  NP       NP      cc in      NP   

had done so .   
--- ---- -- -   
VHD VVN  rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653721) PENN in sentence 4154618:

He said
-- ----
PP VVD 
]
[POS annotation set (6653722) PENN in sentence 4154619:

that if his advisers had told him there was a  cell in the United
---- -- --- -------- --- ---- --- ----- --- -  ---- -- --- ------
dt   in PP$ nns      VHD VVN  PP  ex    VBD dt nn   in dt  NP    

 States , they would
 ------ - ---- -----
 NPS    , PP   md   
]
[POS annotation set (6653723) PENN in sentence 4154620:

have moved to take care of it .   
---- ----- -- ---- ---- -- -- -   
VHP  VVN   to VV   nn   in PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653724) PENN in sentence 4154621:

That never happened .   
---- ----- -------- -   
dt   rb    VVN      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653725) PENN in sentence 4154622:

Although the following day 's  SEIB repeated the title of this 
-------- --- --------- --- --  ---- -------- --- ----- -- ---- 
in       dt  VVG       nn  POS NP   VVD      dt  nn    in dt   

PDB , it did not contain
--- - -- --- --- -------
NP  , PP VVD rb  VV     
]
[POS annotation set (6653726) PENN in sentence 4154623:

the reference to hijackings , the alert in New York , the alleged
--- --------- -- ---------- - --- ----- -- --- ---- - --- -------
dt  nn        to nns        , dt  nn    in NP  NP   , dt  jj     

 casing of buildings
 ------ -- ---------
 nn     in nns      
]
[POS annotation set (6653727) PENN in sentence 4154624:

in New York , the threat phoned in to the embassy , or the fact 
-- --- ---- - --- ------ ------ -- -- --- ------- - -- --- ---- 
in NP  NP   , dt  nn     VVD    in to dt  nn      , cc dt  nn   

that    the FBI had
----    --- --- ---
IN/that dt  NP  VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6653728) PENN in sentence 4154625:

approximately 70 ongoing bin Ladin-related investigations .   
------------- -- ------- --- ------------- -------------- -   
rb            cd jj      nn  jj            nns            sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653729) PENN in sentence 4154626:

The following is  the text of an item from the Presidential Daily
--- --------- --  --- ---- -- -- ---- ---- --- ------------ -----
dt  nn        VBZ dt  nn   in dt nn   in   dt  NP           NP   

 Brief received by
 ----- -------- --
 NP    VVD      in
]
[POS annotation set (6653730) PENN in sentence 4154627:

President George W. Bush on August 6  , 2001.37 Redacted material
--------- ------ -- ---- -- ------ -  - ------- -------- --------
NP        NP     NP NP   in NP     cd , cd      jj       nn      

 is  indicated by
 --  --------- --
 VBZ VVN       in
]
[POS annotation set (6653731) PENN in sentence 4154628:

brackets .   
-------- -   
nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653732) PENN in sentence 4154629:

Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US Clandestine , foreign 
--- ----- ---------- -- ------ -- -- ----------- - ------- 
NP  NP    NP         to NP     in NP NP          , jj      

government , and media
---------- - --- -----
nn         , cc  nns  
]
[POS annotation set (6653733) PENN in sentence 4154630:

reports indicate Bin Ladin since 1997 has wanted to conduct 
------- -------- --- ----- ----- ---- --- ------ -- ------- 
nns     VVP      NP  NP    in    cd   VHZ VVN    to VV      

terrorist attacks in
--------- ------- --
jj        nns     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653734) PENN in sentence 4154631:

the US .   
--- -- -   
dt  NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653735) PENN in sentence 4154632:

Bin Ladin implied in US television interviews in 1997 and 1998 
--- ----- ------- -- -- ---------- ---------- -- ---- --- ---- 
NP  NP    VVD     in NP nn         nns        in cd   cc  cd   

that his
---- ---
wdt  PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653736) PENN in sentence 4154633:

followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber 
--------- ----- ------ --- ------- -- ----- ----- ------ ------ 
nns       md    VV     dt  nn      in NP    NP    NP     nn     

Ramzi Yousef and
----- ------ ---
NP    NP     cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6653737) PENN in sentence 4154634:

'' bring the fighting to America .    ''
-- ----- --- -------- -- ------- -    --
'' VV    dt  nn       to NP      sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653738) PENN in sentence 4154635:

After US missile strikes on his base in
----- -- ------- ------- -- --- ---- --
in    NP nn      nns     in PP$ nn   in
]
[POS annotation set (6653739) PENN in sentence 4154636:

Afghanistan in 1998 , Bin Ladin told followers he wanted to 
----------- -- ---- - --- ----- ---- --------- -- ------ -- 
NP          in cd   , NP  NP    VVD  nns       PP VVD    to 

retaliate in
--------- --
VV        in
]
[POS annotation set (6653740) PENN in sentence 4154637:

Washington , according to a  [   - ]   service .   
---------- - --------- -- -  -   - -   ------- -   
NP         , VVG       to dt sym : sym nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653741) PENN in sentence 4154638:

An Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) operative told an [   - ]   
-- -------- ------- ----- - --- - --------- ---- -- -   - -   
dt jj       NP      NP    ( NP  ) nn        VVD  dt sym : sym 

service at the same time
------- -- --- ---- ----
nn      in dt  jj   nn  
]
[POS annotation set (6653742) PENN in sentence 4154639:

that Bin Ladin was planning to exploit the operative 's  access 
---- --- ----- --- -------- -- ------- --- --------- --  ------ 
dt   NP  NP    VBD VVG      to VV      dt  nn        POS nn     

to the US to mount
-- --- -- -- -----
to dt  NP to VV   
]
[POS annotation set (6653743) PENN in sentence 4154640:

a  terrorist strike .   
-  --------- ------ -   
dt jj        nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653744) PENN in sentence 4154641:

The millennium plotting in Canada in 1999 may have been part of 
--- ---------- -------- -- ------ -- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- -- 
dt  nn         VVG      in NP     in cd   md  VH   VBN  nn   in 

Bin Ladin 's  first
--- ----- --  -----
NP  NP    POS jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6653745) PENN in sentence 4154642:

serious attempt to implement a  terrorist strike in the US .   
------- ------- -- --------- -  --------- ------ -- --- -- -   
jj      nn      to VV        dt jj        nn     in dt  NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653746) PENN in sentence 4154643:

Convicted plotter
--------- -------
VVN       nn     
]
[POS annotation set (6653747) PENN in sentence 4154644:

Ahmed Ressam has told the FBI that    he conceived the idea to 
----- ------ --- ---- --- --- ----    -- --------- --- ---- -- 
NP    NP     VHZ VVN  dt  NP  IN/that PP VVD       dt  nn   to 

attack Los Angeles
------ --- -------
VV     NP  NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6653748) PENN in sentence 4154645:

International Airport himself , but that    Bin Ladin lieutenant 
------------- ------- ------- - --- ----    --- ----- ---------- 
NP            NP      PP      , cc  IN/that NP  NP    nn         

Abu Zubaydah
--- --------
NP  NP      
]
[POS annotation set (6653749) PENN in sentence 4154646:

encouraged him and helped facilitate the operation .   
---------- --- --- ------ ---------- --- --------- -   
VVD        PP  cc  VVD    VV         dt  nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653750) PENN in sentence 4154647:

Ressam also said that    in
------ ---- ---- ----    --
NP     rb   VVD  IN/that in
]
[POS annotation set (6653751) PENN in sentence 4154648:

1998 Abu Zubaydah was planning his own US attack .   
---- --- -------- --- -------- --- --- -- ------ -   
cd   NP  NP       VBD VVG      PP$ jj  NP nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653752) PENN in sentence 4154649:

Ressam says Bin Ladin was aware of the Los Angeles operation .   
------ ---- --- ----- --- ----- -- --- --- ------- --------- -   
NP     VVZ  NP  NP    VBD jj    in dt  NP  NP      nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653753) PENN in sentence 4154650:

Although Bin Ladin has not succeeded , his attacks against the US
-------- --- ----- --- --- --------- - --- ------- ------- --- --
in       NP  NP    VHZ rb  VVN       , PP$ nns     in      dt  NP

 Embassies in
 --------- --
 NP        in
]
[POS annotation set (6653754) PENN in sentence 4154651:

Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrate that    he prepares 
----- --- -------- -- ---- ----------- ----    -- -------- 
NP    cc  NP       in cd   VVP         IN/that PP VVZ      

operations years in
---------- ----- --
nns        nns   in
]
[POS annotation set (6653755) PENN in sentence 4154652:

advance and is  not deterred by setbacks .   
------- --- --  --- -------- -- -------- -   
nn      cc  VBZ rb  VVN      in nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653756) PENN in sentence 4154653:

Bin Ladin associates surveilled our
--- ----- ---------- ---------- ---
NP  NP    nns        VVD        PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653757) PENN in sentence 4154654:

Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam as early as 1993 , and 
--------- -- ------- --- --- -- ------ -- ----- -- ---- - --- 
nns       in NP      cc  NP  NP NP     rb rb    in cd   , cc  

some members of the
---- ------- -- ---
dt   nns     in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653758) PENN in sentence 4154655:

Nairobi cell planning the bombings were arrested and deported in 
------- ---- -------- --- -------- ---- -------- --- -------- -- 
NP      nn   VVG      dt  nns      VBD  VVN      cc  VVD      in 

1997 .   
---- -   
cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653759) PENN in sentence 4154656:

Al-Qa'ida members-including some who are US citizens-have resided
--------- ----------------- ---- --- --- -- ------------- -------
NP        VVG               dt   wp  vbp NP nns           VVN    

 in or traveled
 -- -- --------
 in cc VVD     
]
[POS annotation set (6653760) PENN in sentence 4154657:

to the US for years , and the group apparently maintains a  
-- --- -- --- ----- - --- --- ----- ---------- --------- -  
to dt  NP in  nns   , cc  dt  nn    rb         VVZ       dt 

support structure that
------- --------- ----
nn      nn        wdt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653761) PENN in sentence 4154658:

could aid attacks .   
----- --- ------- -   
md    VV  nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653762) PENN in sentence 4154659:

Two al-Qua '   da members found guilty in the conspiracy to bomb
--- ------ -   -- ------- ----- ------ -- --- ---------- -- ----
cd  NP     POS nn nns     VVD   jj     in dt  nn         to VV  
]
[POS annotation set (6653763) PENN in sentence 4154660:

our embassies in East Africa were US citizens , and a  senior EIJ
--- --------- -- ---- ------ ---- -- -------- - --- -  ------ ---
PP$ nns       in NP   NP     VBD  NP nns      , cc  dt jj     NP 

 member lived in
 ------ ----- --
 nn     VVD   in
]
[POS annotation set (6653764) PENN in sentence 4154661:

California in the mid- 1990s .   
---------- -- --- ---- ----- -   
NP         in dt  nn   nns   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653765) PENN in sentence 4154662:

A  clandestine source said in 1998 that    a  Bin Ladin
-  ----------- ------ ---- -- ---- ----    -  --- -----
dt jj          nn     VVD  in cd   IN/that dt NP  NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653766) PENN in sentence 4154663:

cell in New York was recruiting Muslim-American youth for attacks
---- -- --- ---- --- ---------- --------------- ----- --- -------
nn   in NP  NP   VBD VVG        NP              nn    in  nns    

 .   
 -   
 sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653767) PENN in sentence 4154664:

We have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational
-- ---- --- ---- ---- -- ----------- ---- -- --- ---- -----------
PP VHP  rb  VBN  jj   to VV          dt   in dt  rbr  jj         

 threat
 ------
 nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653768) PENN in sentence 4154665:

reporting , such as that from a  [   - ]   service in 1998 saying
--------- - ---- -- ---- ---- -  -   - -   ------- -- ---- ------
nn        , jj   in dt   in   dt sym : sym nn      in cd   VVG   

 that    Bin Ladin wanted
 ----    --- ----- ------
 IN/that NP  NP    VVD   
]
[POS annotation set (6653769) PENN in sentence 4154666:

to hijack a  US aircraft to gain the release of `` Blind Shaykh 
-- ------ -  -- -------- -- ---- --- ------- -- -- ----- ------ 
to VV     dt NP nn       to VV   dt  nn      in `` NP    NP     

''
--
''
]
[POS annotation set (6653770) PENN in sentence 4154667:

'Umar 'Abd
----- ----
nn    nns 
]
[POS annotation set (6653771) PENN in sentence 4154668:

al-Rahman and other US -held extremists .   
--------- --- ----- -- ----- ---------- -   
NP        cc  jj    NP nn    nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653772) PENN in sentence 4154669:

Nevertheless , FBI information since that time indicates patterns
------------ - --- ----------- ----- ---- ---- --------- --------
rb           , NP  nn          in    dt   nn   VVZ       nns     

 of suspicious
 -- ----------
 in jj        
]
[POS annotation set (6653773) PENN in sentence 4154670:

activity in this country consistent with preparations for 
-------- -- ---- ------- ---------- ---- ------------ --- 
nn       in dt   nn      jj         in   nns          in  

hijackings or other
---------- -- -----
nns        cc jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6653774) PENN in sentence 4154671:

types of attacks , including recent surveillance of federal 
----- -- ------- - --------- ------ ------------ -- ------- 
nns   in nns     , VVG       jj     nn           in jj      

buildings in New
--------- -- ---
nns       in NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6653775) PENN in sentence 4154672:

York .   
---- -   
NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653776) PENN in sentence 4154673:

The FBI is  conducting approximately 70 full field investigations
--- --- --  ---------- ------------- -- ---- ----- --------------
dt  NP  VBZ VVG        rb            cd jj   nn    nns           

 throughout the
 ---------- ---
 in         dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653777) PENN in sentence 4154674:

US that    it considers Bin Ladin -related .   
-- ----    -- --------- --- ----- -------- -   
PP IN/that PP VVZ       NP  NP    VVD      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653778) PENN in sentence 4154675:

CIA and the FBI are investigating a  call
--- --- --- --- --- ------------- -  ----
NP  cc  dt  NP  vbp VVG           dt nn  
]
[POS annotation set (6653779) PENN in sentence 4154676:

to our Embassy in the UAE in May saying that    a  group of Bin 
-- --- ------- -- --- --- -- --- ------ ----    -  ----- -- --- 
to PP$ NP      in dt  nns in NP  VVG    IN/that dt nn    in NP  

Ladin supporters was
----- ---------- ---
NP    nns        VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653780) PENN in sentence 4154677:

in the US planning attacks with explosives .   
-- --- -- -------- ------- ---- ---------- -   
in dt  NP nn       nns     in   nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653781) PENN in sentence 4154678:

No CSG or other NSC meeting was held to discuss the possible 
-- --- -- ----- --- ------- --- ---- -- ------- --- -------- 
dt NP  cc jj    NP  nn      VBD VVN  to VV      dt  jj       

threat of a  strike in
------ -- -  ------ --
nn     in dt nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653782) PENN in sentence 4154679:

the United States as a  result of this report .   
--- ------ ------ -- -  ------ -- ---- ------ -   
dt  NP     NPS    in dt nn     in dt   nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653783) PENN in sentence 4154680:

Late in the month , a  foreign service reported that    Abu 
---- -- --- ----- - -  ------- ------- -------- ----    --- 
rb   in dt  nn    , dt jj      nn      VVD      IN/that NP  

Zubaydah was considering
-------- --- -----------
NP       VBD VVG        
]
[POS annotation set (6653784) PENN in sentence 4154681:

mounting terrorist attacks in the United States , after 
-------- --------- ------- -- --- ------ ------ - ----- 
VVG      jj        nns     in dt  NP     NPS    , in    

postponing possible
---------- --------
VVG        jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6653785) PENN in sentence 4154682:

operations in Europe .   
---------- -- ------ -   
nns        in NP     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653786) PENN in sentence 4154683:

No targets , timing , or method of attack were provided .   
-- ------- - ------ - -- ------ -- ------ ---- -------- -   
dt nns     , nn     , cc nn     in nn     VBD  VVN      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653787) PENN in sentence 4154684:

We have found no indication of any further discussion before 
-- ---- ----- -- ---------- -- --- ------- ---------- ------ 
PP VHP  VVN   dt nn         in dt  jjr     nn         in     

September 11 among the
--------- -- ----- ---
NP        cd in    dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653788) PENN in sentence 4154685:

President and his top advisers of the possibility of a  threat of
--------- --- --- --- -------- -- --- ----------- -- -  ------ --
NP        cc  PP$ jj  nns      in dt  nn          in dt nn     in

 an al Qaeda attack
 -- -- ----- ------
 dt NP NP    nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653789) PENN in sentence 4154686:

in the United States .   
-- --- ------ ------ -   
in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653790) PENN in sentence 4154687:

DCI Tenet visited President Bush in Crawford , Texas , on August
--- ----- ------- --------- ---- -- -------- - ----- - -- ------
NP  NP    VVD     NP        NP   in NP       , NP    , in NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6653791) PENN in sentence 4154688:

17 and participated in PDB briefings of the President between 
-- --- ------------ -- --- --------- -- --- --------- ------- 
cd cc  VVD          in NP  nns       in dt  NP        in      

August 31 ( after the
------ -- - ----- ---
NP     cd ( in    dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653792) PENN in sentence 4154689:

President had returned to Washington ) and September 10 .   
--------- --- -------- -- ---------- - --- --------- -- -   
NP        VHD VVN      to NP         ) cc  NP        cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653793) PENN in sentence 4154690:

But Tenet does not recall
--- ----- ---- --- ------
cc  NP    VVZ  rb  VV    
]
[POS annotation set (6653794) PENN in sentence 4154691:

any discussions with the President of the domestic threat during 
--- ----------- ---- --- --------- -- --- -------- ------ ------ 
dt  nns         in   dt  NP        in dt  jj       nn     in     

this period .   
---- ------ -   
dt   nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653795) PENN in sentence 4154692:

Most of the intelligence community recognized in the summer of 
---- -- --- ------------ --------- ---------- -- --- ------ -- 
jjs  in dt  nn           nn        VVN        in dt  nn     in 

2001 that    the number
---- ----    --- ------
cd   IN/that dt  nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653796) PENN in sentence 4154693:

and severity of threat reports were unprecedented .   
--- -------- -- ------ ------- ---- ------------- -   
cc  nn       in nn     nns     VBD  jj            sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653797) PENN in sentence 4154694:

Many officials told us that    they
---- --------- ---- -- ----    ----
jj   nns       VVD  PP IN/that PP  
]
[POS annotation set (6653798) PENN in sentence 4154695:

knew something terrible was planned , and they were desperate to 
---- --------- -------- --- ------- - --- ---- ---- --------- -- 
VVD  nn        jj       VBD VVN     , cc  PP   VBD  jj        to 

stop it .   
---- -- -   
VV   PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653799) PENN in sentence 4154696:

Despite
-------
in     
]
[POS annotation set (6653800) PENN in sentence 4154697:

their large number , the threats received contained few specifics
----- ----- ------ - --- ------- -------- --------- --- ---------
PP$   jj    nn     , dt  nns     VVD      VVN       jj  nns      

 regarding time,
 --------- -----
 VVG       NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653801) PENN in sentence 4154698:

place , method , or target .   
----- - ------ - -- ------ -   
nn    , nn     , cc nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653802) PENN in sentence 4154699:

Most suggested that    attacks were planned against targets
---- --------- ----    ------- ---- ------- ------- -------
rbs  VVD       IN/that nns     VBD  VVN     in      nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653803) PENN in sentence 4154700:

overseas ; others indicated threats against unspecified `` U.S. 
-------- - ------ --------- ------- ------- ----------- -- ---- 
rb       : nns    VVD       nns     in      jj          `` NP   

interests .    ''
--------- -    --
nns       sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653804) PENN in sentence 4154701:

We can not
-- --- ---
PP md  rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6653805) PENN in sentence 4154702:

say for certain whether these reports , as dramatic as they were 
--- --- ------- ------- ----- ------- - -- -------- -- ---- ---- 
VV  in  jj      in      dt    nns     , rb jj       in PP   VBD  

, related to the 9/11
- ------- -- --- ----
, VVN     to dt  cd  
]
[POS annotation set (6653806) PENN in sentence 4154703:

attacks .   
------- -   
nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653807) PENN in sentence 4154704:

Government Response to the Threats
---------- -------- -- --- -------
NP         NP       to dt  NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6653808) PENN in sentence 4154705:

National Security Advisor Rice told us that    the CSG was the ``
-------- -------- ------- ---- ---- -- ----    --- --- --- --- --
NP       NP       NP      NP   VVD  PP IN/that dt  NP  VBD dt  ``

 nerve center '' for
 ----- ------ -- ---
 nn    nn     '' in 
]
[POS annotation set (6653809) PENN in sentence 4154706:

running the crisis , although other senior officials were 
------- --- ------ - -------- ----- ------ --------- ---- 
VVG     dt  nn     , in       jj    jj     nns       VBD  

involved over the course of
-------- ---- --- ------ --
VVN      in   dt  nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653810) PENN in sentence 4154707:

the summer .   
--- ------ -   
dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653811) PENN in sentence 4154708:

In addition to his daily meetings with President Bush , and 
-- -------- -- --- ----- -------- ---- --------- ---- - --- 
in nn       to PP$ jj    nns      in   NP        NP   , cc  

weekly
------
jj    
]
[POS annotation set (6653812) PENN in sentence 4154709:

meetings to go over other issues with Rice , Tenet was speaking 
-------- -- -- ---- ----- ------ ---- ---- - ----- --- -------- 
nns      to VV in   jj    nns    in   NP   , NP    VBD VVG      

regularly with
--------- ----
rb        in  
]
[POS annotation set (6653813) PENN in sentence 4154710:

Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald 
--------- -- ----- ----- ------ --- --------- -- ------- ------ 
NP        in NP    NP    NP     cc  NP        in NP      NP     

Rumsfeld .   
-------- -   
NP       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653814) PENN in sentence 4154711:

The
---
dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653815) PENN in sentence 4154712:

foreign policy principals routinely talked on the telephone every
------- ------ ---------- --------- ------ -- --- --------- -----
jj      nn     nns        rb        VVD    in dt  nn        dt   

 day on a  variety
 --- -- -  -------
 nn  in dt nn     
]
[POS annotation set (6653816) PENN in sentence 4154713:

of topics .   
-- ------ -   
in nns    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653817) PENN in sentence 4154714:

Hadley told us that    before 9/11 , he and Rice did not feel 
------ ---- -- ----    ------ ---- - -- --- ---- --- --- ---- 
NP     VVD  PP IN/that in     cd   , PP cc  NP   VVD rb  VV   

they had the job of
---- --- --- --- --
PP   VHD dt  nn  in
]
[POS annotation set (6653818) PENN in sentence 4154715:

coordinating domestic agencies .   
------------ -------- -------- -   
VVG          jj       nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653819) PENN in sentence 4154716:

They felt that    Clarke and the CSG ( part of the NSC )
---- ---- ----    ------ --- --- --- - ---- -- --- --- -
PP   VVD  IN/that NP     cc  dt  NP  ( nn   in dt  NP  )
]
[POS annotation set (6653820) PENN in sentence 4154717:

were the NSC 's  bridge between foreign and domestic threats .   
---- --- --- --  ------ ------- ------- --- -------- ------- -   
VBD  dt  NP  POS nn     in      jj      cc  jj       nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653821) PENN in sentence 4154718:

There was a  clear disparity in the levels of response to foreign
----- --- -  ----- --------- -- --- ------ -- -------- -- -------
ex    VBD dt jj    nn        in dt  nns    in nn       to jj     

 versus domestic
 ------ --------
 cc     jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6653822) PENN in sentence 4154719:

threats .   
------- -   
nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653823) PENN in sentence 4154720:

Numerous actions were taken overseas to disrupt possible attacks-
-------- ------- ---- ----- -------- -- ------- -------- --------
jj       nns     VBD  VVN   rb       to VV      jj       nn      

 enlisting
 ---------
 VVG      
]
[POS annotation set (6653824) PENN in sentence 4154721:

foreign partners to upset terrorist plans , closing embassies , 
------- -------- -- ----- --------- ----- - ------- --------- - 
jj      nns      to VV    jj        nns   , VVG     nns       , 

moving military assets
------ -------- ------
VVG    jj       nns   
]
[POS annotation set (6653825) PENN in sentence 4154722:

out of the way of possible harm .   
--- -- --- --- -- -------- ---- -   
rb  in dt  nn  in jj       nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653826) PENN in sentence 4154723:

Far less was done domestically- in part , surely,
--- ---- --- ---- ------------- -- ---- - -------
rb  rbr  VBD VVN  nn            in nn   , NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6653827) PENN in sentence 4154724:

because to the extent that    specifics did exist , they 
------- -- --- ------ ----    --------- --- ----- - ---- 
in      to dt  nn     IN/that nns       VVD VV    , PP   

pertained to threats overseas .   
--------- -- ------- -------- -   
VVD       to nns     jj       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653828) PENN in sentence 4154725:

As noted earlier , a  threat against the embassy in Yemen quickly
-- ----- ------- - -  ------ ------- --- ------- -- ----- -------
rb VVD   rbr     , dt nn     in      dt  nn      in NP    rb     

 resulted in its
 -------- -- ---
 VVD      in PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653829) PENN in sentence 4154726:

closing .   
------- -   
nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653830) PENN in sentence 4154727:

Possible domestic threats were more vague .   
-------- -------- ------- ---- ---- ----- -   
jj       jj       nns     VBD  rbr  jj    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653831) PENN in sentence 4154728:

When reports did not specify
---- ------- --- --- -------
wrb  nns     VVD rb  VV     
]
[POS annotation set (6653832) PENN in sentence 4154729:

where the attacks were to take place , officials presumed that   
----- --- ------- ---- -- ---- ----- - --------- -------- ----   
wrb   dt  nns     VBD  to VV   nn    , nns       VVN      IN/that

 they would again be
 ---- ----- ----- --
 PP   md    rb    vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653833) PENN in sentence 4154730:

overseas , though they did not rule out a  target in the United 
-------- - ------ ---- --- --- ---- --- -  ------ -- --- ------ 
rb       , in     PP   VVD rb  VV   rp  dt nn     in dt  NP     

States .   
------ -   
NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653834) PENN in sentence 4154731:

Each of the
---- -- ---
dt   in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653835) PENN in sentence 4154732:

FBI threat advisories made this point .   
--- ------ ---------- ---- ---- ----- -   
NP  nn     nns        VVD  dt   nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653836) PENN in sentence 4154733:

Clarke mentioned to National Security Advisor Rice at least twice
------ --------- -- -------- -------- ------- ---- -- ----- -----
NP     VVD       to NP       NP       NP      NP   in jjs   rb   

 that    al Qaeda
 ----    -- -----
 IN/that NP NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653837) PENN in sentence 4154734:

sleeper cells were likely in the United States .   
------- ----- ---- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -   
nn      nns   VBD  jj     in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653838) PENN in sentence 4154735:

In January 2001 , Clarke forwarded a 
-- ------- ---- - ------ --------- - 
in NP      cd   , NP     VVD       dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653839) PENN in sentence 4154736:

strategy paper to Rice warning that    al Qaeda had a  presence 
-------- ----- -- ---- ------- ----    -- ----- --- -  -------- 
nn       nn    to NP   nn      IN/that NP NP    VHD dt nn       

in the United States .   
-- --- ------ ------ -   
in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653840) PENN in sentence 4154737:

He
--
PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653841) PENN in sentence 4154738:

noted that    two key al Qaeda members in the Jordanian cell 
----- ----    --- --- -- ----- ------- -- --- --------- ---- 
VVD   IN/that cd  jj  NP NP    nns     in dt  jj        nn   

involved in the millennium
-------- -- --- ----------
VVN      in dt  nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6653842) PENN in sentence 4154739:

plot were naturalized U.S. citizens and that one jihadist 
---- ---- ----------- ---- -------- --- ---- --- -------- 
nn   VBD  VVN         NP   nns      cc  dt   cd  nn       

suspected in the East
--------- -- --- ----
VVN       in dt  NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6653843) PENN in sentence 4154740:

Africa bombings had `` informed the FBI that    an extensive 
------ -------- --- -- -------- --- --- ----    -- --------- 
NP     nns      VHD `` VVN      dt  NP  IN/that dt jj        

network of al Qida 'sleeper
------- -- -- ---- --------
nn      in NP NP   nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653844) PENN in sentence 4154741:

agents '   currently exists in the US .    ''
------ -   --------- ------ -- --- -- -    --
nns    POS rb        VVZ    in dt  NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653845) PENN in sentence 4154742:

He added that    Ressam 's  abortive December 1999
-- ----- ----    ------ --  -------- -------- ----
PP VVD   IN/that NP     POS jj       NP       cd  
]
[POS annotation set (6653846) PENN in sentence 4154743:

attack revealed al Qaeda supporters in the United States .   
------ -------- -- ----- ---------- -- --- ------ ------ -   
nn     VVD      NP NP    nns        in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653847) PENN in sentence 4154744:

His analysis , however , was based not on new threat reporting 
--- -------- - ------- - --- ----- --- -- --- ------ --------- 
PP$ nn       , rb      , VBD VVN   rb  in jj  nn     nn        

but on past experience .   
--- -- ---- ---------- -   
cc  in jj   nn         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653848) PENN in sentence 4154745:

The September 11 attacks fell into the void between the foreign 
--- --------- -- ------- ---- ---- --- ---- ------- --- ------- 
dt  NP        cd nns     VVD  in   dt  nn   in      dt  jj      

and domestic threats .   
--- -------- ------- -   
cc  jj       nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653849) PENN in sentence 4154746:

The foreign intelligence agencies were watching overseas , alert 
--- ------- ------------ -------- ---- -------- -------- - ----- 
dt  jj      nn           nns      VBD  VVG      jj       , jj    

to foreign threats
-- ------- -------
to jj      nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6653850) PENN in sentence 4154747:

to U.S. interests there .   
-- ---- --------- ----- -   
to NP   nns       rb    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653851) PENN in sentence 4154748:

The domestic agencies were waiting for evidence of a 
--- -------- -------- ---- ------- --- -------- -- - 
dt  jj       nns      VBD  VVG     in  nn       in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653852) PENN in sentence 4154749:

domestic threat from sleeper cells within the United States .   
-------- ------ ---- ------- ----- ------ --- ------ ------ -   
jj       nn     in   nn      nns   in     dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653853) PENN in sentence 4154750:

No one was looking for
-- --- --- ------- ---
dt cd  VBD VVG     in 
]
[POS annotation set (6653854) PENN in sentence 4154751:

a  foreign threat to domestic targets .   
-  ------- ------ -- -------- ------- -   
dt jj      nn     to jj       nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653855) PENN in sentence 4154752:

The threat that was coming was not from
--- ------ ---- --- ------ --- --- ----
dt  nn     wdt  VBD VVG    VBD rb  in  
]
[POS annotation set (6653856) PENN in sentence 4154753:

sleeper cells .   
------- ----- -   
nn      nns   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653857) PENN in sentence 4154754:

It was foreign-but from foreigners who had infiltrated into the
-- --- ----------- ---- ---------- --- --- ----------- ---- ---
PP VBD nn          in   nns        wp  VHD VVN         in   dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653858) PENN in sentence 4154755:

United States .   
------ ------ -   
NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653859) PENN in sentence 4154756:

A  second cause of this disparity in response is  that    
-  ------ ----- -- ---- --------- -- -------- --  ----    
dt jj     nn    in dt   nn        in nn       VBZ IN/that 

domestic agencies did not know
-------- -------- --- --- ----
jj       nns      VVD rb  VV  
]
[POS annotation set (6653860) PENN in sentence 4154757:

what to do , and no one gave them direction .   
---- -- -- - --- -- --- ---- ---- --------- -   
wp   to VV , cc  dt cd  VVD  PP   nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653861) PENN in sentence 4154758:

Cressey told us that    the CSG did not
------- ---- -- ----    --- --- --- ---
NP      VVD  PP IN/that dt  NP  VVD rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6653862) PENN in sentence 4154759:

tell the agencies how to respond to the threats .   
---- --- -------- --- -- ------- -- --- ------- -   
VV   dt  nns      wrb to VV      to dt  nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653863) PENN in sentence 4154760:

He noted that    the agencies that
-- ----- ----    --- -------- ----
PP VVD   IN/that dt  nns      wdt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653864) PENN in sentence 4154761:

were operating overseas did not need direction on how to respond 
---- --------- -------- --- --- ---- --------- -- --- -- ------- 
VBD  VVG       rb       VVD rb  VV   nn        in wrb to VV      

; they had
- ---- ---
: PP   VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6653865) PENN in sentence 4154762:

experience with such threats and had a  `` playbook .    ''
---------- ---- ---- ------- --- --- -  -- -------- -    --
nn         in   jj   nns     cc  VHD dt `` nn       sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653866) PENN in sentence 4154763:

In contrast , the domestic
-- -------- - --- --------
in nn       , dt  jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6653867) PENN in sentence 4154764:

agencies did not have a  game plan .   
-------- --- --- ---- -  ---- ---- -   
nns      VVD rb  VH   dt nn   nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653868) PENN in sentence 4154765:

Neither the NSC ( including the CSG ) nor anyone
------- --- --- - --------- --- --- - --- ------
cc      dt  NP  ( VVG       dt  NP  ) cc  nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653869) PENN in sentence 4154766:

else instructed them to create one .   
---- ---------- ---- -- ------ --- -   
rb   VVN        PP   to VV     cd  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653870) PENN in sentence 4154767:

This lack of direction was evident in the July 5  meeting with 
---- ---- -- --------- --- ------- -- --- ---- -  ------- ---- 
dt   nn   in nn        VBD jj      in dt  NP   cd nn      in   

representatives from
--------------- ----
nns             in  
]
[POS annotation set (6653871) PENN in sentence 4154768:

the domestic agencies .   
--- -------- -------- -   
dt  jj       nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653872) PENN in sentence 4154769:

The briefing focused on overseas threats .   
--- -------- ------- -- -------- ------- -   
dt  nn       VVN     in jj       nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653873) PENN in sentence 4154770:

The domestic
--- --------
dt  jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6653874) PENN in sentence 4154771:

agencies were not questioned about how they planned to address 
-------- ---- --- ---------- ----- --- ---- ------- -- ------- 
nns      VBD  rb  VVN        rb    wrb PP   VVD     to VV      

the threat and were
--- ------ --- ----
dt  nn     cc  VBD 
]
[POS annotation set (6653875) PENN in sentence 4154772:

not told what was expected of them .   
--- ---- ---- --- -------- -- ---- -   
rb  VVN  wp   VBD VVN      in PP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653876) PENN in sentence 4154773:

Indeed , as noted earlier , they were specifically
------ - -- ----- ------- - ---- ---- ------------
rb     , rb VVD   rbr     , PP   VBD  rb          
]
[POS annotation set (6653877) PENN in sentence 4154774:

told they could not issue advisories based on the briefing .   
---- ---- ----- --- ----- ---------- ----- -- --- -------- -   
VVD  PP   md    rb  VV    nns        VVN   in dt  nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653878) PENN in sentence 4154775:

46 The domestic
-- --- --------
cd dt  jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6653879) PENN in sentence 4154776:

agencies '   limited response indicates that    they did not 
-------- -   ------- -------- --------- ----    ---- --- --- 
nns      POS jj      nn       VVZ       IN/that PP   VVD rb  

perceive a  call to action .   
-------- -  ---- -- ------ -   
VVP      dt nn   to nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653880) PENN in sentence 4154777:

Clarke reflected a  different perspective in an email to Rice on 
------ --------- -  --------- ----------- -- -- ----- -- ---- -- 
NP     VVD       dt jj        nn          in dt nn    to NP   in 

September 15, 2001 .   
--------- --- ---- -   
NP        cd  cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653881) PENN in sentence 4154778:

He summarized the steps taken by the CSG to alert domestic 
-- ---------- --- ----- ----- -- --- --- -- ----- -------- 
PP VVD        dt  nns   VVN   in dt  NP  to VV    jj       

agencies to the
-------- -- ---
nns      to dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653882) PENN in sentence 4154779:

possibility of an attack in the United States .   
----------- -- -- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -   
nn          in dt nn     in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653883) PENN in sentence 4154780:

Clarke concluded that    domestic
------ --------- ----    --------
NP     VVD       IN/that jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6653884) PENN in sentence 4154781:

agencies , including the FAA , knew that    the CSG believed a  
-------- - --------- --- --- - ---- ----    --- --- -------- -  
nns      , VVG       dt  NP  , VVD  IN/that dt  NP  VVD      dt 

major al Qaeda attack was
----- -- ----- ------ ---
jj    NP NP    nn     VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653885) PENN in sentence 4154782:

coming and could be in the United States .   
------ --- ----- -- -- --- ------ ------ -   
VVG    cc  md    vb in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653886) PENN in sentence 4154783:

Although the FAA had authority to issue security directives 
-------- --- --- --- --------- -- ----- -------- ---------- 
in       dt  NP  VHD nn        to VV    nn       nns        

mandating new security
--------- --- --------
VVG       jj  nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653887) PENN in sentence 4154784:

procedures , none of the few that were released during the summer
---------- - ---- -- --- --- ---- ---- -------- ------ --- ------
nns        , nn   in dt  jj  wdt  VBD  VVN      in     dt  nn    

 of 2001 increased
 -- ---- ---------
 in cd   VVD      
]
[POS annotation set (6653888) PENN in sentence 4154785:

security at checkpoints or on board aircraft .   
-------- -- ----------- -- -- ----- -------- -   
nn       in nns         cc in nn    nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653889) PENN in sentence 4154786:

The information circulars mostly urged
--- ----------- --------- ------ -----
dt  nn          nns       rb     VVD  
]
[POS annotation set (6653890) PENN in sentence 4154787:

air carriers to `` exercise prudence '' and be alert .   
--- -------- -- -- -------- -------- -- --- -- ----- -   
nn  nns      to `` VV       nn       '' cc  vb jj    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653891) PENN in sentence 4154788:

Prior to 9/11 , the FAA did present
----- -- ---- - --- --- --- -------
rb    to cd   , dt  NP  VVD jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6653892) PENN in sentence 4154789:

a  CD-ROM to air carriers and airport authorities describing the 
-  ------ -- --- -------- --- ------- ----------- ---------- --- 
dt NP     to VV  nns      cc  nn      nns         VVG        dt  

increased threat to
--------- ------ --
VVN       nn     to
]
[POS annotation set (6653893) PENN in sentence 4154790:

civil aviation .   
----- -------- -   
jj    nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653894) PENN in sentence 4154791:

The presentation mentioned the possibility of suicide hijackings 
--- ------------ --------- --- ----------- -- ------- ---------- 
dt  nn           VVD       dt  nn          in nn      nns        

but
---
cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6653895) PENN in sentence 4154792:

said that    `` fortunately , we have no indication that    any 
---- ----    -- ----------- - -- ---- -- ---------- ----    --- 
VVD  IN/that `` rb          , PP VHP  dt nn         IN/that dt  

group is  currently thinking
----- --  --------- --------
nn    VBZ rb        VVG     
]
[POS annotation set (6653896) PENN in sentence 4154793:

in that direction .    ''
-- ---- --------- -    --
in dt   nn        sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653897) PENN in sentence 4154794:

The FAA conducted 27 special security
--- --- --------- -- ------- --------
dt  NP  VVD       cd jj      nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653898) PENN in sentence 4154795:

briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001 , and 
--------- --- -------- --- -------- ------- --- -- ---- - --- 
nns       in  jj       nn  nns      in      NP  cd cd   , cc  

September 11, 2001 .   
--------- --- ---- -   
NP        cd  cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653899) PENN in sentence 4154796:

Two
---
cd 
]
[POS annotation set (6653900) PENN in sentence 4154797:

of these briefings discussed the hijacking threat overseas .   
-- ----- --------- --------- --- --------- ------ -------- -   
in dt    nns       VVD       dt  VVG       nn     rb       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653901) PENN in sentence 4154798:

None discussed the
---- --------- ---
nn   VVD       dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653902) PENN in sentence 4154799:

possibility of suicide hijackings or the use of aircraft as 
----------- -- ------- ---------- -- --- --- -- -------- -- 
nn          in nn      nns        cc dt  nn  in nn       in 

weapons .   
------- -   
nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653903) PENN in sentence 4154800:

No new security
-- --- --------
dt jj  nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653904) PENN in sentence 4154801:

measures were instituted .   
-------- ---- ---------- -   
nns      VBD  VVN        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653905) PENN in sentence 4154802:

Rice told us she understood that    the FBI had tasked its 56 
---- ---- -- --- ---------- ----    --- --- --- ------ --- -- 
NP   VVD  PP PP  VVD        IN/that dt  NP  VHD VVN    PP$ cd 

U.S. field offices to
---- ----- ------- --
NP   nn    nns     to
]
[POS annotation set (6653906) PENN in sentence 4154803:

increase surveillance of suspected terrorists and to reach out to
-------- ------------ -- --------- ---------- --- -- ----- --- --
nn       nn           in jj        nns        cc  to VV    rp  to

 informants who
 ---------- ---
 nns        wp 
]
[POS annotation set (6653907) PENN in sentence 4154804:

might have information about terrorist plots .   
----- ---- ----------- ----- --------- ----- -   
md    VH   nn          in    jj        nns   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653908) PENN in sentence 4154805:

An NSC staff document at the time
-- --- ----- -------- -- --- ----
dt NP  nn    nn       in dt  nn  
]
[POS annotation set (6653909) PENN in sentence 4154806:

describes such a  tasking as having occurred in late June but 
--------- ---- -  ------- -- ------ -------- -- ---- ---- --- 
VVZ       pdt  dt VVG     in VHG    VVN      in jj   NP   cc  

does not indicate
---- --- --------
VVZ  rb  VV      
]
[POS annotation set (6653910) PENN in sentence 4154807:

whether it was generated by the NSC or the FBI .   
------- -- --- --------- -- --- --- -- --- --- -   
in      PP VBD VVN       in dt  NP  cc dt  NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653911) PENN in sentence 4154808:

Other than the previously described
----- ---- --- ---------- ---------
jj    in   dt  rb         VVN      
]
[POS annotation set (6653912) PENN in sentence 4154809:

April 13 communication sent to all FBI field offices , however , 
----- -- ------------- ---- -- --- --- ----- ------- - ------- - 
NP    cd nn            VVD  to dt  NP  nn    nns     , rb      , 

the FBI could not
--- --- ----- ---
dt  NP  md    rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6653913) PENN in sentence 4154810:

find any record of having received such a  directive .   
---- --- ------ -- ------ -------- ---- -  --------- -   
VV   dt  nn     in VHG    VVN      pdt  dt nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653914) PENN in sentence 4154811:

The April 13 document asking
--- ----- -- -------- ------
dt  NP    cd nn       VVG   
]
[POS annotation set (6653915) PENN in sentence 4154812:

field offices to gather information on Sunni extremism did not 
----- ------- -- ------ ----------- -- ----- --------- --- --- 
nn    nns     to VV     nn          in NP    nn        VVD rb  

mention any possible
------- --- --------
VV      dt  jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6653916) PENN in sentence 4154813:

threat within the United States and did not order surveillance of
------ ------ --- ------ ------ --- --- --- ----- ------------ --
nn     in     dt  NP     NPS    cc  VVD rb  VV    nn           in

 suspected
 ---------
 jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6653917) PENN in sentence 4154814:

operatives .   
---------- -   
nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653918) PENN in sentence 4154815:

The NSC did not specify what the FBI 's  directives should 
--- --- --- --- ------- ---- --- --- --  ---------- ------ 
dt  NP  VVD rb  VV      wp   dt  NP  POS nns        md     

contain and did
------- --- ---
VV      cc  VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653919) PENN in sentence 4154816:

not review what had been issued earlier .   
--- ------ ---- --- ---- ------ ------- -   
rb  VV     wp   VHD VBN  VVN    rbr     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653920) PENN in sentence 4154817:

Acting FBI Director Pickard told us that    in addition to his 
------ --- -------- ------- ---- -- ----    -- -------- -- --- 
VVG    NP  NP       NP      VVD  PP IN/that in nn       to PP$ 

July 19 conference call,
---- -- ---------- -----
NP   cd nn         NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653921) PENN in sentence 4154818:

he mentioned the heightened terrorist threat in individual calls 
-- --------- --- ---------- --------- ------ -- ---------- ----- 
PP VVD       dt  jj         jj        nn     in jj         nns   

with the special
---- --- -------
in   dt  jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6653922) PENN in sentence 4154819:

agents in charge of field offices during their annual performance
------ -- ------ -- ----- ------- ------ ----- ------ -----------
nns    in nn     in nn    nns     in     PP$   jj     nn         

 review
 ------
 nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6653923) PENN in sentence 4154820:

discussions .   
----------- -   
nns         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653924) PENN in sentence 4154821:

In speaking with agents around the country , we found little 
-- -------- ---- ------ ------ --- ------- - -- ----- ------ 
in VVG      in   nns    in     dt  nn      , PP VVD   jj     

evidence
--------
nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653925) PENN in sentence 4154822:

that    any such concerns had reached FBI personnel beyond the 
----    --- ---- -------- --- ------- --- --------- ------ --- 
IN/that dt  jj   nns      VHD VVN     NP  nns       in     dt  

New York Field
--- ---- -----
NP  NP   NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6653926) PENN in sentence 4154823:

Office .   
------ -   
nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653927) PENN in sentence 4154824:

The head of counterterrorism at the FBI , Dale Watson , said he 
--- ---- -- ---------------- -- --- --- - ---- ------ - ---- -- 
dt  nn   in nn               in dt  NP  , NP   NP     , VVD  PP 

had many discussions
--- ---- -----------
VHD jj   nns        
]
[POS annotation set (6653928) PENN in sentence 4154825:

about possible attacks with Cofer Black at the CIA .   
----- -------- ------- ---- ----- ----- -- --- --- -   
in    jj       nns     in   NP    NP    in dt  NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653929) PENN in sentence 4154826:

They had expected an attack on
---- --- -------- -- ------ --
PP   VHD VVN      dt nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6653930) PENN in sentence 4154827:

July 4  .   
---- -  -   
NP   cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653931) PENN in sentence 4154828:

Watson said he felt deeply that    something was going to happen 
------ ---- -- ---- ------ ----    --------- --- ----- -- ------ 
NP     VVD  PP VVD  rb     IN/that nn        VBD VVG   to VV     

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653932) PENN in sentence 4154829:

But he told
--- -- ----
cc  PP VVD 
]
[POS annotation set (6653933) PENN in sentence 4154830:

us the threat information was `` nebulous .    ''
-- --- ------ ----------- --- -- -------- -    --
PP dt  nn     nn          VBD `` jj       sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653934) PENN in sentence 4154831:

He wished he had known more .   
-- ------ -- --- ----- ---- -   
PP VVD    PP VHD VVN   rbr  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653935) PENN in sentence 4154832:

He wished he
-- ------ --
PP VVD    PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653936) PENN in sentence 4154833:

had had `` 500 analysts looking at Usama Bin Ladin threat 
--- --- -- --- -------- ------- -- ----- --- ----- ------ 
VHD VHN `` cd  nns      VVG     in NP    NP  NP    nn     

information instead of
----------- ------- --
nn          rb      in
]
[POS annotation set (6653937) PENN in sentence 4154834:

two .    ''
--- -    --
cd  sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653938) PENN in sentence 4154835:

Attorney General Ashcroft was briefed by the CIA in May and by 
-------- ------- -------- --- ------- -- --- --- -- --- --- -- 
NP       NP      NP       VBD VVN     in dt  NP  in NP  cc  in 

Pickard in early July
------- -- ----- ----
NP      in jj    NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6653939) PENN in sentence 4154836:

about the danger .   
----- --- ------ -   
in    dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653940) PENN in sentence 4154837:

Pickard said he met with Ashcroft once a  week in late June ,
------- ---- -- --- ---- -------- ---- -  ---- -- ---- ---- -
NP      VVD  PP VVD in   NP       in   dt nn   in jj   NP   ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653941) PENN in sentence 4154838:

through July , and twice in August .   
------- ---- - --- ----- -- ------ -   
in      NP   , cc  rb    in NP     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653942) PENN in sentence 4154839:

There is  a  dispute regarding Ashcroft 's  interest
----- --  -  ------- --------- -------- --  --------
ex    VBZ dt nn      VVG       NP       POS nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6653943) PENN in sentence 4154840:

in Pickard 's  briefings about the terrorist threat situation 
-- ------- --  --------- ----- --- --------- ------ --------- 
in NP      POS nns       in    dt  jj        nn     nn        

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653944) PENN in sentence 4154841:

Pickard told us that   
------- ---- -- ----   
NP      VVD  PP IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653945) PENN in sentence 4154842:

after two such briefings Ashcroft told him that    he did not 
----- --- ---- --------- -------- ---- --- ----    -- --- --- 
in    cd  jj   nns       NP       VVD  PP  IN/that PP VVD rb  

want to hear about the
---- -- ---- ----- ---
VV   to VV   in    dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653946) PENN in sentence 4154843:

threats anymore .   
------- ------- -   
nns     rb      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653947) PENN in sentence 4154844:

Ashcroft denies Pickard 's  charge .   
-------- ------ ------- --  ------ -   
NP       VVZ    NP      POS nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653948) PENN in sentence 4154845:

Pickard says he continued to
------- ---- -- --------- --
NP      VVZ  PP VVD       to
]
[POS annotation set (6653949) PENN in sentence 4154846:

present terrorism information during further briefings that    
------- --------- ----------- ------ ------- --------- ----    
jj      nn        nn          in     jjr     nns       IN/that 

summer , but nothing
------ - --- -------
nn     , cc  nn     
]
[POS annotation set (6653950) PENN in sentence 4154847:

further on the `` chatter '' the U.S. government was receiving 
------- -- --- -- ------- -- --- ---- ---------- --- --------- 
rbr     in dt  `` nn      '' dt  NP   nn         VBD VVG       

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653951) PENN in sentence 4154848:

The Attorney General told us he asked Pickard whether there was 
--- -------- ------- ---- -- -- ----- ------- ------- ----- --- 
dt  NP       NP      VVD  PP PP VVD   NP      in      ex    VBD 

intelligence about
------------ -----
nn           in   
]
[POS annotation set (6653952) PENN in sentence 4154849:

attacks in the United States and that    Pickard said no .    
------- -- --- ------ ------ --- ----    ------- ---- -- -    
nns     in dt  NP     NPS    cc  IN/that NP      VVD  rb sent 

Pickard said he replied that   
------- ---- -- ------- ----   
NP      VVD  PP VVD     IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653953) PENN in sentence 4154850:

he could not assure Ashcroft that    there would be no attacks in
-- ----- --- ------ -------- ----    ----- ----- -- -- ------- --
PP md    rb  VV     NP       IN/that ex    md    vb dt nns     in

 the United States ,
 --- ------ ------ -
 dt  NP     NPS    ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653954) PENN in sentence 4154851:

although the reports of threats were related to overseas targets 
-------- --- ------- -- ------- ---- ------- -- -------- ------- 
in       dt  nns     in nns     VBD  VVN     to jj       nns     

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653955) PENN in sentence 4154852:

Ashcroft said he
-------- ---- --
NP       VVD  PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653956) PENN in sentence 4154853:

therefore assumed the FBI was doing what it needed to do .   
--------- ------- --- --- --- ----- ---- -- ------ -- -- -   
rb        VVN     dt  NP  VBD VVG   wp   PP VVD    to VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653957) PENN in sentence 4154854:

He acknowledged that    in
-- ------------ ----    --
PP VVD          IN/that in
]
[POS annotation set (6653958) PENN in sentence 4154855:

retrospect , this was a  dangerous assumption .   
---------- - ---- --- -  --------- ---------- -   
nn         , dt   VBD dt jj        nn         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653959) PENN in sentence 4154856:

He did not ask the FBI what it was
-- --- --- --- --- --- ---- -- ---
PP VVD rb  VV  dt  NP  wp   PP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653960) PENN in sentence 4154857:

doing in response to the threats and did not task it to take any 
----- -- -------- -- --- ------- --- --- --- ---- -- -- ---- --- 
VVG   in nn       to dt  nns     cc  VVD rb  nn   PP to VV   dt  

specific action .   
-------- ------ -   
jj       nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653961) PENN in sentence 4154858:

He
--
PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653962) PENN in sentence 4154859:

also did not direct the INS , then still part of the Department 
---- --- --- ------ --- --- - ---- ----- ---- -- --- ---------- 
rb   VVD rb  VV     dt  NP  , rb   rb    nn   in dt  NP         

of Justice , to take
-- ------- - -- ----
in NP      , to VV  
]
[POS annotation set (6653963) PENN in sentence 4154860:

any specific action .   
--- -------- ------ -   
dt  jj       nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653964) PENN in sentence 4154861:

In sum , the domestic agencies never mobilized in response to the
-- --- - --- -------- -------- ----- --------- -- -------- -- ---
in nn  , dt  jj       nns      rb    VVN       in nn       to dt 

 threat .   
 ------ -   
 nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653965) PENN in sentence 4154862:

They did not
---- --- ---
PP   VVD rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6653966) PENN in sentence 4154863:

have direction , and did not have a  plan to institute .   
---- --------- - --- --- --- ---- -  ---- -- --------- -   
VHP  nn        , cc  VVD rb  VH   dt nn   to VV        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653967) PENN in sentence 4154864:

The borders were not hardened .   
--- ------- ---- --- -------- -   
dt  nns     VBD  rb  VVN      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653968) PENN in sentence 4154865:

Transportation systems were not fortified .   
-------------- ------- ---- --- --------- -   
nn             nns     VBD  rb  VVN       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653969) PENN in sentence 4154866:

Electronic surveillance was not targeted
---------- ------------ --- --- --------
jj         nn           VBD rb  VVN     
]
[POS annotation set (6653970) PENN in sentence 4154867:

against a  domestic threat .   
------- -  -------- ------ -   
in      dt jj       nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653971) PENN in sentence 4154868:

State and local law enforcement were not marshaled to augment the
----- --- ----- --- ----------- ---- --- --------- -- ------- ---
nn    cc  jj    nn  nn          VBD  rb  VVN       to VV      dt 

 FBI 's  efforts .   
 --- --  ------- -   
 NP  POS nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653972) PENN in sentence 4154869:

The
---
dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653973) PENN in sentence 4154870:

public was not warned .   
------ --- --- ------ -   
nn     VBD rb  VVN    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653974) PENN in sentence 4154871:

The terrorists exploited deep institutional failings within our 
--- ---------- --------- ---- ------------- -------- ------ --- 
dt  nns        VVN       jj   jj            nns      in     PP$ 

government .   
---------- -   
nn         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653975) PENN in sentence 4154872:

The
---
dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653976) PENN in sentence 4154873:

question is  whether extra vigilance might have turned up an 
-------- --  ------- ----- --------- ----- ---- ------ -- -- 
nn       VBZ in      jj    nn        md    VH   VVN    rp dt 

opportunity to disrupt
----------- -- -------
nn          to VV     
]
[POS annotation set (6653977) PENN in sentence 4154874:

the plot .   
--- ---- -   
dt  nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653978) PENN in sentence 4154875:

As seen in chapter 7  , al Qaeda's operatives made mistakes .   
-- ---- -- ------- -  - -- ------- ---------- ---- -------- -   
in VVN  in nn      cd , NP NP      nns        VVD  nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653979) PENN in sentence 4154876:

At least two
-- ----- ---
in jjs   cd 
]
[POS annotation set (6653980) PENN in sentence 4154877:

such mistakes created opportunities during 2001 , especially in 
---- -------- ------- ------------- ------ ---- - ---------- -- 
jj   nns      VVD     nns           in     cd   , rb         in 

late August .   
---- ------ -   
jj   NP     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653981) PENN in sentence 4154878:

LATE LEADS-MIHDHAR , MOUSSAOUI , AND KSM
---- ------------- - --------- - --- ---
jj   NP            , NP        , cc  NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6653982) PENN in sentence 4154879:

In chapter 6  we discussed how intelligence agencies successfully
-- ------- -  -- --------- --- ------------ -------- ------------
in nn      cd PP VVD       wrb nn           nns      rb          

 detected some of the
 -------- ---- -- ---
 VVD      dt   in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6653983) PENN in sentence 4154880:

early travel in the planes operation , picking up the movements 
----- ------ -- --- ------ --------- - ------- -- --- --------- 
jj    nn     in dt  nns    nn        , VVG     rp dt  nns       

of Khalid al Mihdhar
-- ------ -- -------
in NP     NP NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6653984) PENN in sentence 4154881:

and identifying him , and seeing his travel converge with someone
--- ----------- --- - --- ------ --- ------ -------- ---- -------
cc  VVG         PP  , cc  VVG    PP$ nn     VV       in   nn     

 they perhaps could
 ---- ------- -----
 PP   rb      md   
]
[POS annotation set (6653985) PENN in sentence 4154882:

have identified but did not- Nawaf al Hazmi -as well as with less
---- ---------- --- --- ---- ----- -- ----- --- ---- -- ---- ----
VHP  VVN        cc  VVD NP   NP    NP NP    nns rb   rb in   rbr 

 easily identifiable
 ------ ------------
 rb     jj          
]
[POS annotation set (6653986) PENN in sentence 4154883:

people such as Khallad and Abu Bara .   
------ ---- -- ------- --- --- ---- -   
nns    jj   in NP      cc  NP  NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653987) PENN in sentence 4154884:

These observations occurred in December 1999
----- ------------ -------- -- -------- ----
dt    nns          VVD      in NP       cd  
]
[POS annotation set (6653988) PENN in sentence 4154885:

and January 2000 .   
--- ------- ---- -   
cc  NP      cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653989) PENN in sentence 4154886:

The trail had been lost in January 2000 without a  clear
--- ----- --- ---- ---- -- ------- ---- ------- -  -----
dt  nn    VHD VBN  VVN  in NP      cd   in      dt jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6653990) PENN in sentence 4154887:

realization that    it had been lost , and without much effort to
----------- ----    -- --- ---- ---- - --- ------- ---- ------ --
nn          IN/that PP VHD VBN  VVN  , cc  in      jj   nn     to

 pick it up again .   
 ---- -- -- ----- -   
 VV   PP rp rb    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653991) PENN in sentence 4154888:

Nor
---
cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6653992) PENN in sentence 4154889:

had the CIA placed Mihdhar on the State Department 's  watchlist 
--- --- --- ------ ------- -- --- ----- ---------- --  --------- 
VHD dt  NP  VVD    NP      in dt  NP    NP         POS nn        

for suspected
--- ---------
in  jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6653993) PENN in sentence 4154890:

terrorists , so that    either an embassy or a  port of entry 
---------- - -- ----    ------ -- ------- -- -  ---- -- ----- 
nns        , rb IN/that rb     dt nn      cc dt nn   in nn    

might take note if Mihdhar
----- ---- ---- -- -------
md    VV   nn   in NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6653994) PENN in sentence 4154891:

showed up again .   
------ -- ----- -   
VVD    rp rb    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653995) PENN in sentence 4154892:

On four occasions in 2001 , the CIA , the FBI , or both had 
-- ---- --------- -- ---- - --- --- - --- --- - -- ---- --- 
in cd   nns       in cd   , dt  NP  , dt  NP  , cc cc   VHD 

apparent opportunities to
-------- ------------- --
jj       nns           to
]
[POS annotation set (6653996) PENN in sentence 4154893:

refocus on the significance of Hazmi and Mihdhar and reinvigorate
------- -- --- ------------ -- ----- --- ------- --- ------------
VV      in dt  nn           in NP    cc  NP      cc  VV          

 the search for
 --- ------ ---
 dt  nn     in 
]
[POS annotation set (6653997) PENN in sentence 4154894:

them .   
---- -   
PP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653998) PENN in sentence 4154895:

After reviewing those episodes we will turn to the handling of 
----- --------- ----- -------- -- ---- ---- -- --- -------- -- 
in    VVG       dt    nns      PP md   VV   to dt  nn       in 

the Moussaoui
--- ---------
dt  NP       
]
[POS annotation set (6653999) PENN in sentence 4154896:

case and some late leads regarding Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .   
---- --- ---- ---- ----- --------- ------ ------ -------- -   
nn   cc  dt   jj   nns   VVG       NP     NP     NP       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654000) PENN in sentence 4154897:

January 2001 : Identification of Khallad
------- ---- - -------------- -- -------
NP      cd   : nn             in NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6654001) PENN in sentence 4154898:

Almost one year after the original trail had been lost in Bangkok
------ --- ---- ----- --- -------- ----- --- ---- ---- -- -------
rb     cd  nn   in    dt  jj       nn    VHD VBN  VVN  in NP     

 , the FBI and the
 - --- --- --- ---
 , dt  NP  cc  dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654002) PENN in sentence 4154899:

CIA were working on the investigation of the Cole bombing .   
--- ---- ------- -- --- ------------- -- --- ---- ------- -   
NP  VBD  VVG     in dt  nn            in dt  NP   nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654003) PENN in sentence 4154900:

They learned of the link
---- ------- -- --- ----
PP   VVD     in dt  nn  
]
[POS annotation set (6654004) PENN in sentence 4154901:

between a  captured conspirator and a  person called `` Khallad 
------- -  -------- ----------- --- -  ------ ------ -- ------- 
in      dt VVN      nn          cc  dt nn     VVN    `` NP      

.    ''
-    --
sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654005) PENN in sentence 4154902:

They also learned that   
---- ---- ------- ----   
PP   rb   VVD     IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654006) PENN in sentence 4154903:

Khallad was a  senior security official for Bin Ladin who had 
------- --- -  ------ -------- -------- --- --- ----- --- --- 
NP      VBD dt jj     nn       nn       in  NP  NP    wp  VHD 

helped direct the
------ ------ ---
VVN    VV     dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654007) PENN in sentence 4154904:

bombing ( we introduced Khallad in chapter 5  , and returned to 
------- - -- ---------- ------- -- ------- -  - --- -------- -- 
nn      ( PP VVD        nn      in nn      cd , cc  VVD      to 

his role in the Cole
--- ---- -- --- ----
PP$ nn   in dt  NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654008) PENN in sentence 4154905:

bombing in chapter 6  ) .55 One of the members of the FBI 's  
------- -- ------- -  - --- --- -- --- ------- -- --- --- --  
nn      in nn      cd ) cd  cd  in dt  nns     in dt  NP  POS 

investigative team in Yemen
------------- ---- -- -----
jj            nn   in NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654009) PENN in sentence 4154906:

realized that    he had heard of Khallad before , from a  joint 
-------- ----    -- --- ----- -- ------- ------ - ---- -  ----- 
VVD      IN/that PP VHD VVN   in nn      rb     , in   dt jj    

FBI /   CIA source four
--- -   --- ------ ----
NP  sym NP  nn     cd  
]
[POS annotation set (6654010) PENN in sentence 4154907:

months earlier .   
------ ------- -   
nns    rbr     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654011) PENN in sentence 4154908:

The FBI agent obtained from a  foreign government a  photo of the
--- --- ----- -------- ---- -  ------- ---------- -  ----- -- ---
dt  NP  nn    VVN      in   dt jj      nn         dt nn    in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654012) PENN in sentence 4154909:

person believed to have directed the Cole bombing .   
------ -------- -- ---- -------- --- ---- ------- -   
nn     VVD      to VH   VVN      dt  NP   nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654013) PENN in sentence 4154910:

It was shown to the source , and
-- --- ----- -- --- ------ - ---
PP VBD VVN   to dt  nn     , cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6654014) PENN in sentence 4154911:

he confirmed that    the man in that photograph was the same 
-- --------- ----    --- --- -- ---- ---------- --- --- ---- 
PP VVD       IN/that dt  nn  in dt   nn         VBD dt  jj   

Khallad he had
------- -- ---
nn      PP VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654015) PENN in sentence 4154912:

described .   
--------- -   
VVN       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654016) PENN in sentence 4154913:

In December 2000 , on the basis of some links associated with 
-- -------- ---- - -- --- ----- -- ---- ----- ---------- ---- 
in NP       cd   , in dt  nn    in dt   nns   VVN        in   

Khalid al Mihdhar , the
------ -- ------- - ---
NP     NP NP      , dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654017) PENN in sentence 4154914:

CIA 's  Bin Ladin unit speculated that    Khallad and Khalid al 
--- --  --- ----- ---- ---------- ----    ------- --- ------ -- 
NP  POS NP  NP    nn   VVD        IN/that NP      cc  NP     NP 

Mihdhar might be one and
------- ----- -- --- ---
NP      md    vb cd  cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6654018) PENN in sentence 4154915:

the same .   
--- ---- -   
dt  jj   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654019) PENN in sentence 4154916:

The CIA asked that    a  Kuala Lumpur surveillance photo of 
--- --- ----- ----    -  ----- ------ ------------ ----- -- 
dt  NP  VVD   IN/that dt NP    NP     nn           nn    in 

Mihdhar be shown to the joint
------- -- ----- -- --- -----
NP      vb VVN   to dt  jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6654020) PENN in sentence 4154917:

source who had identified Khallad .   
------ --- --- ---------- ------- -   
nn     wp  VHD VVN        NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654021) PENN in sentence 4154918:

In early January 2001 , two photographs from the
-- ----- ------- ---- - --- ----------- ---- ---
in jj    NP      cd   , cd  nns         in   dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654022) PENN in sentence 4154919:

Kuala Lumpur meeting were shown to the source .   
----- ------ ------- ---- ----- -- --- ------ -   
NP    NP     nn      VBD  VVN   to dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654023) PENN in sentence 4154920:

One was a  known photograph of
--- --- -  ----- ---------- --
PP  VBD dt VVN   nn         in
]
[POS annotation set (6654024) PENN in sentence 4154921:

Mihdhar , the other a  photograph of a  then unknown subject .   
------- - --- ----- -  ---------- -- -  ---- ------- ------- -   
NP      , dt  jj    dt nn         in dt rb   jj      nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654025) PENN in sentence 4154922:

The source did not
--- ------ --- ---
dt  nn     VVD rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6654026) PENN in sentence 4154923:

recognize Mihdhar .   
--------- ------- -   
VV        NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654027) PENN in sentence 4154924:

But he indicated he was 90 percent certain that    the other
--- -- --------- -- --- -- ------- ------- ----    --- -----
cc  PP VVD       PP VBD cd nn      jj      IN/that dt  jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6654028) PENN in sentence 4154925:

individual was Khallad .   
---------- --- ------- -   
nn         VBD NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654029) PENN in sentence 4154926:

This meant that    Khallad and Mihdhar were two different people 
---- ----- ----    ------- --- ------- ---- --- --------- ------ 
dt   VVD   IN/that NP      cc  NP      VBD  cd  jj        nns    

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654030) PENN in sentence 4154927:

It also meant that   
-- ---- ----- ----   
PP rb   VVD   IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654031) PENN in sentence 4154928:

there was a  link between Khallad and Mihdhar , making Mihdhar 
----- --- -  ---- ------- ------- --- ------- - ------ ------- 
ex    VBD dt nn   in      NP      cc  NP      , VVG    NP      

seem even more
---- ---- ----
VVP  rb   jjr 
]
[POS annotation set (6654032) PENN in sentence 4154929:

suspicious.59Yet we found no effort by the CIA to renew the long-
---------------- -- ----- -- ------ -- --- --- -- ----- --- -----
nn               PP VVD   dt nn     in dt  NP  to VV    dt  jj   

abandoned search
--------- ------
          nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6654033) PENN in sentence 4154930:

for Mihdhar or his travel companions .   
--- ------- -- --- ------ ---------- -   
in  NP      cc PP$ nn     nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654034) PENN in sentence 4154931:

In addition , we found that    the CIA did not notify the FBI of 
-- -------- - -- ----- ----    --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- -- 
in nn       , PP VVD   IN/that dt  NP  VVD rb  VV     dt  NP  in 

this identification .   
---- -------------- -   
dt   nn             sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654035) PENN in sentence 4154932:

DCITenet and Cofer Black testified before Congress 's  Joint 
-------- --- ----- ----- --------- ------ -------- --  ----- 
NP       cc  NP    NP    VVD       in     NP       POS NP    

Inquiry into 9/11 that   
------- ---- ---- ----   
NP      in   cd   IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654036) PENN in sentence 4154933:

the FBI had access to this identification from the beginning .   
--- --- --- ------ -- ---- -------------- ---- --- --------- -   
dt  NP  VHD nn     to dt   nn             in   dt  nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654037) PENN in sentence 4154934:

But drawing on an
--- ------- -- --
cc  VVG     in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654038) PENN in sentence 4154935:

extensive record , including documents that were not available to
--------- ------ - --------- --------- ---- ---- --- --------- --
jj        nn     , VVG       nns       wdt  VBD  rb  jj        to

 the CIA personnel
 --- --- ---------
 dt  NP  nns      
]
[POS annotation set (6654039) PENN in sentence 4154936:

who drafted that testimony , we conclude this was not the case 
--- ------- ---- --------- - -- -------- ---- --- --- --- ---- 
wp  VVD     dt   nn        , PP VVP      dt   VBD rb  dt  nn   

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654040) PENN in sentence 4154937:

The FBI 's  primary
--- --- --  -------
dt  NP  POS jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6654041) PENN in sentence 4154938:

Cole investigators had no knowledge that    Khallad had been in 
---- ------------- --- -- --------- ----    ------- --- ---- -- 
NP   nns           VHD dt nn        IN/that NP      VHD VBN  in 

Kuala Lumpur with
----- ------ ----
NP    NP     in  
]
[POS annotation set (6654042) PENN in sentence 4154939:

Mihdhar and others until after the September 11 attacks .   
------- --- ------ ----- ----- --- --------- -- ------- -   
NP      cc  nns    in    in    dt  NP        cd nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654043) PENN in sentence 4154940:

Because the FBI had not
------- --- --- --- ---
in      dt  NP  VHD rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6654044) PENN in sentence 4154941:

been informed in January 2000 about Mihdhar 's  possession of a  
---- -------- -- ------- ---- ----- ------- --  ---------- -- -  
VBN  VVN      in NP      cd   in    NP      POS nn         in dt 

U.S. visa , it had not
---- ---- - -- --- ---
NP   nn   , PP VHD rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6654045) PENN in sentence 4154942:

then started looking for him in the United States .   
---- ------- ------- --- --- -- --- ------ ------ -   
rb   VVD     VVG     in  PP  in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654046) PENN in sentence 4154943:

Because it did not know of the
------- -- --- --- ---- -- ---
in      PP VVD rb  VV   in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654047) PENN in sentence 4154944:

links between Khallad and Mihdhar , it did not start looking for 
----- ------- ------- --- ------- - -- --- --- ----- ------- --- 
nns   in      NP      cc  NP      , PP VVD rb  VV    VVG     in  

him in January
--- -- -------
PP  in NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6654048) PENN in sentence 4154945:

2001 .   
---- -   
cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654049) PENN in sentence 4154946:

This incident is  an example of how day-to-day gaps in 
---- -------- --  -- ------- -- --- ---------- ---- -- 
dt   nn       VBZ dt nn      in wrb jj         nns  in 

information sharing can emerge
----------- ------- --- ------
nn          nn      md  VV    
]
[POS annotation set (6654050) PENN in sentence 4154947:

even when there is  mutual goodwill .   
---- ---- ----- --  ------ -------- -   
rb   wrb  ex    VBZ jj     nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654051) PENN in sentence 4154948:

The information was from a  joint FBI /   CIA source
--- ----------- --- ---- -  ----- --- -   --- ------
dt  nn          VBD in   dt jj    NP  sym NP  nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6654052) PENN in sentence 4154949:

who spoke essentially no English and whose languages were not 
--- ----- ----------- -- ------- --- ----- --------- ---- --- 
wp  VVD   rb          rb jj      cc  wp$   nns       VBD  rb  

understood by the FBI
---------- -- --- ---
VVN        in dt  NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654053) PENN in sentence 4154950:

agent on the scene overseas .   
----- -- --- ----- -------- -   
nn    in dt  nn    rb       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654054) PENN in sentence 4154951:

Issues of travel and security necessarily kept short
------ -- ------ --- -------- ----------- ---- -----
nns    in nn     cc  nn       rb          VVD  jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6654055) PENN in sentence 4154952:

the amount of time spent with the source .   
--- ------ -- ---- ----- ---- --- ------ -   
dt  nn     in nn   VVN   in   dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654056) PENN in sentence 4154953:

As a  result , the CIA officer usually did
-- -  ------ - --- --- ------- ------- ---
in dt nn     , dt  NP  nn      rb      VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654057) PENN in sentence 4154954:

not translate either questions or answers for his FBI colleague 
--- --------- ------ --------- -- ------- --- --- --- --------- 
rb  VV        dt     nns       cc nns     in  PP$ NP  nn        

and friend .   
--- ------ -   
cc  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654058) PENN in sentence 4154955:

For interviews without simultaneous translation , the FBI agent 
--- ---------- ------- ------------ ----------- - --- --- ----- 
in  nns        in      jj           nn          , dt  NP  nn    

on the scene received
-- --- ----- --------
in dt  nn    VVD     
]
[POS annotation set (6654059) PENN in sentence 4154956:

copies of the reports that    the CIA disseminated to other 
------ -- --- ------- ----    --- --- ------------ -- ----- 
nns    in dt  nns     IN/that dt  NP  VVN          to jj    

agencies regarding the
-------- --------- ---
nns      VVG       dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654060) PENN in sentence 4154957:

interviews .   
---------- -   
nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654061) PENN in sentence 4154958:

But he was not given access to the CIA 's  internal operational 
--- -- --- --- ----- ------ -- --- --- --  -------- ----------- 
cc  PP VBD rb  VVN   nn     to dt  NP  POS jj       jj          

reports,
--------
NP      
]
[POS annotation set (6654062) PENN in sentence 4154959:

which contained more detail .   
----- --------- ---- ------ -   
wdt   VVD       jjr  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654063) PENN in sentence 4154960:

It was there-in reporting to which FBI investigators
-- --- -------- --------- -- ----- --- -------------
PP VBD rb       VVG       to wdt   NP  nns          
]
[POS annotation set (6654064) PENN in sentence 4154961:

did not have access-that information regarding the January 2001 
--- --- ---- ----------- ----------- --------- --- ------- ---- 
VVD rb  VH   nn          nn          VVG       dt  NP      cd   

identification of
-------------- --
nn             in
]
[POS annotation set (6654065) PENN in sentence 4154962:

Khallad appeared .   
------- -------- -   
NP      VVD      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654066) PENN in sentence 4154963:

The CIA officer does not recall this particular identification 
--- --- ------- ---- --- ------ ---- ---------- -------------- 
dt  NP  nn      VVZ  rb  VV     dt   jj         nn             

and
---
cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6654067) PENN in sentence 4154964:

thus can not say why it was not shared with his FBI colleague 
---- --- --- --- --- -- --- --- ------ ---- --- --- --------- 
rb   md  rb  VV  wrb PP VBD rb  VVN    in   PP$ NP  nn        

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654068) PENN in sentence 4154965:

He might not have
-- ----- --- ----
PP md    rb  VH  
]
[POS annotation set (6654069) PENN in sentence 4154966:

understood the possible significance of the new identification 
---------- --- -------- ------------ -- --- --- -------------- 
VVN        dt  jj       nn           in dt  jj  nn             

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654070) PENN in sentence 4154967:

In June 2000 , Mihdhar left California and returned to Yemen .   
-- ---- ---- - ------- ---- ---------- --- -------- -- ----- -   
in NP   cd   , NP      VVD  NP         cc  VVD      to NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654071) PENN in sentence 4154968:

It is  possible that    if,
-- --  -------- ----    ---
PP VBZ jj       IN/that NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654072) PENN in sentence 4154969:

in January 2001 , the CIA had resumed its search for him , placed
-- ------- ---- - --- --- --- ------- --- ------ --- --- - ------
in NP      cd   , dt  NP  VHD VVN     PP$ nn     in  PP  , VVD   

 him on the State
 --- -- --- -----
 PP  in dt  NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654073) PENN in sentence 4154970:

Department's TIPOFF watchlist , or provided the FBI with the 
------------ ------ --------- - -- -------- --- --- ---- --- 
NP           NP     nn        , cc VVD      dt  NP  in   dt  

information , he might
----------- - -- -----
nn          , PP md   
]
[POS annotation set (6654074) PENN in sentence 4154971:

have been found-either before or at the time he applied for a  
---- ---- ------------ ------ -- -- --- ---- -- ------- --- -  
VHP  VBN  jj           in     cc in dt  nn   PP VVD     in  dt 

new visa in June 2001 ,
--- ---- -- ---- ---- -
jj  nn   in NP   cd   ,
]
[POS annotation set (6654075) PENN in sentence 4154972:

or when he returned to the United States on July 4  .   
-- ---- -- -------- -- --- ------ ------ -- ---- -  -   
cc wrb  PP VVD      to dt  NP     NPS    in NP   cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654076) PENN in sentence 4154973:

Spring 2001 : Looking Again at Kuala Lumpur
------ ---- - ------- ----- -- ----- ------
nn     cd   : VVG     rb    in NP    NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654077) PENN in sentence 4154974:

By mid- May 2001 , as the threat reports were surging , a  CIA 
-- ---- --- ---- - -- --- ------ ------- ---- ------- - -  --- 
in nn   NP  cd   , in dt  nn     nns     VBD  VVG     , dt NP  

official detailed to the
-------- -------- -- ---
nn       jj       to dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654078) PENN in sentence 4154975:

International Terrorism Operations Section at the FBI wondered 
------------- --------- ---------- ------- -- --- --- -------- 
NP            NP        NP         NP      in dt  NP  VVD      

where the attacks
----- --- -------
wrb   dt  nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6654079) PENN in sentence 4154976:

might occur .   
----- ----- -   
md    VV    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654080) PENN in sentence 4154977:

We will call him `` John .    ''
-- ---- ---- --- -- ---- -    --
PP md   VV   PP  `` NP   sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654081) PENN in sentence 4154978:

Recalling the episode about the Kuala Lumpur
--------- --- ------- ----- --- ----- ------
VVG       dt  nn      in    dt  NP    NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654082) PENN in sentence 4154979:

travel of Mihdhar and his associates , `` John '' searched the 
------ -- ------- --- --- ---------- - -- ---- -- -------- --- 
nn     in NP      cc  PP$ nns        , `` NP   '' VVD      dt  

CIA 's  databases for
--- --  --------- ---
NP  POS nns       in 
]
[POS annotation set (6654083) PENN in sentence 4154980:

information regarding the travel .   
----------- --------- --- ------ -   
nn          VVG       dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654084) PENN in sentence 4154981:

On May 15 , he and an official at the CIA
-- --- -- - -- --- -- -------- -- --- ---
in NP  cd , PP cc  dt nn       in dt  NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654085) PENN in sentence 4154982:

reexamined many of the old cables from early 2000 , including the
---------- ---- -- --- --- ------ ---- ----- ---- - --------- ---
VVN        jj   in dt  jj  nns    in   jj    cd   , VVG       dt 

 information that   
 ----------- ----   
 nn          IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654086) PENN in sentence 4154983:

Mihdhar had a  U.S. visa , and that    Hazmi had come to Los 
------- --- -  ---- ---- - --- ----    ----- --- ---- -- --- 
NP      VHD dt NP   nn   , cc  IN/that NP    VHD VVN  to NP  

Angeles on January 15 ,
------- -- ------- -- -
NP      in NP      cd ,
]
[POS annotation set (6654087) PENN in sentence 4154984:

2000 .   
---- -   
cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654088) PENN in sentence 4154985:

The CIA official who reviewed the cables took no action regarding
--- --- -------- --- -------- --- ------ ---- -- ------ ---------
dt  NP  nn       wp  VVD      dt  nns    VVD  dt nn     VVG      

 them .   
 ---- -   
 PP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654089) PENN in sentence 4154986:

'' John , ''
-- ---- - --
'' NP   , ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654090) PENN in sentence 4154987:

however , began a  lengthy exchange with a  CIA analyst , whom we
------- - ----- -  ------- -------- ---- -  --- ------- - ---- --
rb      , VVD   dt jj      nn       in   dt NP  nn      , wp   PP

 will call `` Dave , '' to
 ---- ---- -- ---- - -- --
 md   VV   `` jj   , '' to
]
[POS annotation set (6654091) PENN in sentence 4154988:

figure out what these cables meant .   
------ --- ---- ----- ------ ----- -   
nn     in  wp   dt    nns    VVD   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654092) PENN in sentence 4154989:

'' John '' was aware of how dangerous Khallad was-at
-- ---- -- --- ----- -- --- --------- ------- ------
'' NP   '' VBD jj    in wrb jj        NP      nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6654093) PENN in sentence 4154990:

one point calling him a  `` major league killer .    ''
--- ----- ------- --- -  -- ----- ------ ------ -    --
cd  nn    VVG     PP  dt `` jj    nn     nn     sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654094) PENN in sentence 4154991:

He concluded that    `` something bad was
-- --------- ----    -- --------- --- ---
PP VVD       IN/that `` nn        jj  VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654095) PENN in sentence 4154992:

definitely up .    ''
---------- -- -    --
rb         rb sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654096) PENN in sentence 4154993:

Despite the U.S. links evident in this traffic , '' John '' made 
------- --- ---- ----- ------- -- ---- ------- - -- ---- -- ---- 
in      dt  NP   nns   jj      in dt   nn      , '' NP   '' VVD  

no effort
-- ------
dt nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6654097) PENN in sentence 4154994:

to determine whether any of these individuals was in the United 
-- --------- ------- --- -- ----- ----------- --- -- --- ------ 
to VV        in      dt  in dt    nns         VBD in dt  NP     

States .   
------ -   
NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654098) PENN in sentence 4154995:

He did not
-- --- ---
PP VVD rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6654099) PENN in sentence 4154996:

raise that possibility with his FBI counterpart .   
----- ---- ----------- ---- --- --- ----------- -   
VV    dt   nn          in   PP$ NP  nn          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654100) PENN in sentence 4154997:

He was focused on Malaysia .   
-- --- ------- -- -------- -   
PP VBD VVN     in NP       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654101) PENN in sentence 4154998:

'' John" described the CIA as an agency that tended to play a  ``
-- ----- --------- --- --- -- -- ------ ---- ------ -- ---- -  --
'' NP    VVD       dt  NP  in dt nn     wdt  VVD    to VV   dt ``

 zone defense .    ''
 ---- ------- -    --
 nn   nn      sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654102) PENN in sentence 4154999:

He was
-- ---
PP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654103) PENN in sentence 4155000:

worrying solely about Southeast Asia , not the United States .   
-------- ------ ----- --------- ---- - --- --- ------ ------ -   
VVG      rb     in    NP        NP   , rb  dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654104) PENN in sentence 4155001:

In contrast , he told
-- -------- - -- ----
in nn       , PP VVD 
]
[POS annotation set (6654105) PENN in sentence 4155002:

us , the FBI tends to play `` man-to-man .    ''
-- - --- --- ----- -- ---- -- ---------- -    --
PP , dt  NP  VVZ   to VV   `` jj         sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654106) PENN in sentence 4155003:

Desk officers at the CIA 's  Bin Ladin unit did not have `` cases
---- -------- -- --- --- --  --- ----- ---- --- --- ---- -- -----
nn   nns      in dt  NP  POS NP  NP    nn   VVD rb  VH   `` nns  

 '' in the same sense as
 -- -- --- ---- ----- --
 '' in dt  jj   nn    in
]
[POS annotation set (6654107) PENN in sentence 4155004:

an FBI agent who works an investigation from beginning to end 
-- --- ----- --- ----- -- ------------- ---- --------- -- --- 
dt NP  nn    wp  VVZ   dt nn            in   VVG       to VV  

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654108) PENN in sentence 4155005:

Thus , when the trail
---- - ---- --- -----
rb   , wrb  dt  nn   
]
[POS annotation set (6654109) PENN in sentence 4155006:

went cold after the Kuala Lumpur meeting in January 2000 , the 
---- ---- ----- --- ----- ------ ------- -- ------- ---- - --- 
VVD  jj   in    dt  NP    NP     nn      in NP      cd   , dt  

desk officer moved on
---- ------- ----- --
nn   nn      VVN   in
]
[POS annotation set (6654110) PENN in sentence 4155007:

to different things .   
-- --------- ------ -   
to jj        nns    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654111) PENN in sentence 4155008:

By the time the March 2000 cable arrived with information that   
-- --- ---- --- ----- ---- ----- ------- ---- ----------- ----   
in dt  nn   dt  NP    cd   nn    VVN     in   nn          IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654112) PENN in sentence 4155009:

one of the travelers had flown to Los Angeles , the case officer 
--- -- --- --------- --- ----- -- --- ------- - --- ---- ------- 
cd  in dt  nns       VHD VVN   to NP  NP      , dt  nn   nn      

was no longer
--- -- ------
VBD rb rbr   
]
[POS annotation set (6654113) PENN in sentence 4155010:

responsible for follow-up .   
----------- --- --------- -   
jj          in  nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654114) PENN in sentence 4155011:

While several individuals at the Bin Ladin unit opened
----- ------- ----------- -- --- --- ----- ---- ------
in    jj      nns         in dt  NP  NP    nn   VVD   
]
[POS annotation set (6654115) PENN in sentence 4155012:

the cable when it arrived in March 2000 , no action was taken 
--- ----- ---- -- ------- -- ----- ---- - -- ------ --- ----- 
dt  nn    wrb  PP VVD     in NP    cd   , dt nn     VBD VVN   

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654116) PENN in sentence 4155013:

The CIA 's  zone defense concentrated on `` where , '' not `` who
--- --- --  ---- ------- ------------ -- -- ----- - -- --- -- ---
dt  NP  POS nn   nn      VVN          in `` wrb   , '' rb  `` wp 

 .    ''
 -    --
 sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654117) PENN in sentence 4155014:

Had its information been
--- --- ----------- ----
VHD PP$ nn          VBN 
]
[POS annotation set (6654118) PENN in sentence 4155015:

shared with the FBI , a  combination of the CIA 's  zone defense 
------ ---- --- --- - -  ----------- -- --- --- --  ---- ------- 
VVN    in   dt  NP  , dt nn          in dt  NP  POS nn   nn      

and the FBI 's 
--- --- --- -- 
cc  dt  NP  POS
]
[POS annotation set (6654119) PENN in sentence 4155016:

man-to-man approach might have been productive .   
---------- -------- ----- ---- ---- ---------- -   
jj         nn       md    VH   VBN  jj         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654120) PENN in sentence 4155017:

June 2001 : The Meeting in New York
---- ---- - --- ------- -- --- ----
NP   cd   : dt  VVG     in NP  NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654121) PENN in sentence 4155018:

'' John 's  '' review of the Kuala Lumpur meeting did set off 
-- ---- --  -- ------ -- --- ----- ------ ------- --- --- --- 
'' NP   POS '' nn     in dt  NP    NP     nn      VVD VV  rp  

some more sharing of
---- ---- ------- --
dt   jjr  nn      in
]
[POS annotation set (6654122) PENN in sentence 4155019:

information , getting the attention of an FBI analyst whom we 
----------- - ------- --- --------- -- -- --- ------- ---- -- 
nn          , VVG     dt  nn        in dt NP  nn      wp   PP 

will call `` Jane .    ''
---- ---- -- ---- -    --
md   VV   `` NP   sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654123) PENN in sentence 4155020:

'' Jane '' was assigned to the FBI 's  Cole investigation .   
-- ---- -- --- -------- -- --- --- --  ---- ------------- -   
'' NP   '' VBD VVN      to dt  NP  POS NP   nn            sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654124) PENN in sentence 4155021:

She knew that    another terrorist
--- ---- ----    ------- ---------
PP  VVD  IN/that dt      jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6654125) PENN in sentence 4155022:

involved in that operation , Fahd al Quso , had traveled to 
-------- -- ---- --------- - ---- -- ---- - --- -------- -- 
VVN      in dt   nn        , NP   NP NP   , VHD VVN      to 

Bangkok in January 2000 to
------- -- ------- ---- --
NP      in NP      cd   to
]
[POS annotation set (6654126) PENN in sentence 4155023:

give money to Khallad .   
---- ----- -- ------- -   
VV   nn    to NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654127) PENN in sentence 4155024:

'' Jane '' and the CIA analyst , '' Dave , '' had been working 
-- ---- -- --- --- --- ------- - -- ---- - -- --- ---- ------- 
'' NP   '' cc  dt  NP  nn      , '' NP   , '' VHD VBN  VVG     

together on Colerelated issues .   
-------- -- ----------- ------ -   
rb       in jj          nns    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654128) PENN in sentence 4155025:

Chasing Quso 's  trail , `` Dave '' suggested showing some 
------- ---- --  ----- - -- ---- -- --------- ------- ---- 
VVG     NP   POS nn    , `` NP   '' VVD       VVG     dt   

photographs to FBI agents in New
----------- -- --- ------ -- ---
nns         to NP  nns    in NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654129) PENN in sentence 4155026:

York who were working on the Cole case and had interviewed Quso 
---- --- ---- ------- -- --- ---- ---- --- --- ----------- ---- 
NP   wp  VBD  VVG     in dt  NP   nn   cc  VHD VVN         NP   

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654130) PENN in sentence 4155027:

'' John '' gave three Kuala Lumpur surveillance pictures to `` 
-- ---- -- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------------ -------- -- -- 
'' NP   '' VVD  cd    NP    NP     nn           nns      to `` 

Jane '' to show to the New
---- -- -- ---- -- --- ---
NP   '' to VV   to dt  NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654131) PENN in sentence 4155028:

York agents .   
---- ------ -   
NP   nns    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654132) PENN in sentence 4155029:

She was told that    one of the individuals in the photographs 
--- --- ---- ----    --- -- --- ----------- -- --- ----------- 
PP  VBD VVN  IN/that cd  in dt  nns         in dt  nns         

was someone
--- -------
VBD nn     
]
[POS annotation set (6654133) PENN in sentence 4155030:

named Khalid al Mihdhar .   
----- ------ -- ------- -   
VVN   NP     NP NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654134) PENN in sentence 4155031:

She did not know why the photographs had been taken or why
--- --- --- ---- --- --- ----------- --- ---- ----- -- ---
PP  VVD rb  VV   wrb dt  nns         VHD VBN  VVN   cc wrb
]
[POS annotation set (6654135) PENN in sentence 4155032:

the Kuala Lumpur travel might be significant , and she was not 
--- ----- ------ ------ ----- -- ----------- - --- --- --- --- 
dt  NP    NP     nn     md    vb jj          , cc  PP  VBD rb  

told that    someone had
---- ----    ------- ---
VVN  IN/that nn      VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654136) PENN in sentence 4155033:

identified Khallad in the photographs .   
---------- ------- -- --- ----------- -   
VVN        nn      in dt  nns         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654137) PENN in sentence 4155034:

When `` Jane '' did some research in a  database
---- -- ---- -- --- ---- -------- -- -  --------
wrb  `` NP   '' VVD dt   nn       in dt nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6654138) PENN in sentence 4155035:

for intelligence reports , Intelink , she found the original NSA 
--- ------------ ------- - -------- - --- ----- --- -------- --- 
in  nn           nns     , NP       , PP  VVD   dt  jj       NP  

reports on the
------- -- ---
nns     in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654139) PENN in sentence 4155036:

planning for the meeting .   
-------- --- --- ------- -   
VVG      in  dt  nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654140) PENN in sentence 4155037:

Because the CIA had not disseminated reports on its
------- --- --- --- --- ------------ ------- -- ---
in      dt  NP  VHD rb  VVN          nns     in PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6654141) PENN in sentence 4155038:

tracking of Mihdhar , `` Jane '' did not pull up any information 
-------- -- ------- - -- ---- -- --- --- ---- -- --- ----------- 
VVG      in NP      , `` NP   '' VVD rb  VV   rp dt  nn          

about Mihdhar 's  U.S. visa
----- ------- --  ---- ----
in    NP      POS NP   nn  
]
[POS annotation set (6654142) PENN in sentence 4155039:

or about travel to the United States by Hazmi or Mihdhar .   
-- ----- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -- ----- -- ------- -   
cc rb    VV     to dt  NP     NPS    in NP    cc NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654143) PENN in sentence 4155040:

'' Jane , '' '' Dave , '' and an FBI analyst who was on detail to
-- ---- - -- -- ---- - -- --- -- --- ------- --- --- -- ------ --
'' NP   , '' '' NP   , '' cc  dt NP  nn      wp  VBD in nn     to

 the CIA 's  Bin Ladin unit went
 --- --- --  --- ----- ---- ----
 dt  NP  POS NP  NP    nn   VVD 
]
[POS annotation set (6654144) PENN in sentence 4155041:

to New York on June 11 to meet with the agents about the Cole 
-- --- ---- -- ---- -- -- ---- ---- --- ------ ----- --- ---- 
to NP  NP   in NP   cd to VV   in   dt  nns    in    dt  NP   

case .   
---- -   
nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654145) PENN in sentence 4155042:

'' Jane '' brought
-- ---- -- -------
'' NP   '' VVD    
]
[POS annotation set (6654146) PENN in sentence 4155043:

the surveillance pictures .   
--- ------------ -------- -   
dt  nn           nns      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654147) PENN in sentence 4155044:

At some point in the meeting she showed the photographs
-- ---- ----- -- --- ------- --- ------ --- -----------
in dt   nn    in dt  nn      PP  VVD    dt  nns        
]
[POS annotation set (6654148) PENN in sentence 4155045:

to the agents and asked whether they recognized Quso in any of 
-- --- ------ --- ----- ------- ---- ---------- ---- -- --- -- 
to dt  nns    cc  VVD   in      PP   VVD        NP   in dt  in 

them .   
---- -   
PP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654149) PENN in sentence 4155046:

The agents
--- ------
dt  nns   
]
[POS annotation set (6654150) PENN in sentence 4155047:

asked questions about the photographs- Why were they taken ?   
----- --------- ----- --- ------------ --- ---- ---- ----- -   
VVN   nns       in    dt  nn           wrb VBD  PP   VVN   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654151) PENN in sentence 4155048:

Why were these people
--- ---- ----- ------
wrb VBD  dt    nns   
]
[POS annotation set (6654152) PENN in sentence 4155049:

being followed ?   
----- -------- -   
VBG   VVN      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654153) PENN in sentence 4155050:

Where are the rest of the photographs ?   
----- --- --- ---- -- --- ----------- -   
wrb   vbp dt  nn   in dt  nns         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654154) PENN in sentence 4155051:

The only information `` Jane '' had about the meeting-other than 
--- ---- ----------- -- ---- -- --- ----- --- ------------- ---- 
dt  jj   nn          `` NP   '' VHD rb    dt  nn            in   

the photographs-were the
--- ---------------- ---
dt  nn               dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654155) PENN in sentence 4155052:

NSA reports that    she had found on Intelink .   
--- ------- ----    --- --- ----- -- -------- -   
NP  VVZ     IN/that PP  VHD VVN   in NP       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654156) PENN in sentence 4155053:

These reports , however , contained
----- ------- - ------- - ---------
dt    nns     , rb      , VVD      
]
[POS annotation set (6654157) PENN in sentence 4155054:

caveats that    their contents could not be shared with criminal 
------- ----    ----- -------- ----- --- -- ------ ---- -------- 
nns     IN/that PP$   nns      md    rb  vb VVN    in   jj       

investigators without
------------- -------
nns           in     
]
[POS annotation set (6654158) PENN in sentence 4155055:

the permission of the Justice Department 's  Office of 
--- ---------- -- --- ------- ---------- --  ------ -- 
dt  nn         in dt  NP      NP         POS NP     in 

Intelligence Policy and Review
------------ ------ --- ------
NP           NP     cc  NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654159) PENN in sentence 4155056:

( OIPR ) .   
- ---- - -   
( NP   ) sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654160) PENN in sentence 4155057:

Therefore `` Jane '' concluded that    she could not pass on 
--------- -- ---- -- --------- ----    --- ----- --- ---- -- 
rb        `` NP   '' VVD       IN/that PP  md    rb  VV   in 

information from those
----------- ---- -----
nn          in   dt   
]
[POS annotation set (6654161) PENN in sentence 4155058:

reports to the agents .   
------- -- --- ------ -   
nns     to dt  nns    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654162) PENN in sentence 4155059:

This decision was potentially significant , because the
---- -------- --- ----------- ----------- - ------- ---
dt   nn       VBD rb          jj          , in      dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654163) PENN in sentence 4155060:

signals intelligence she did not share linked Mihdhar to a  
------- ------------ --- --- --- ----- ------ ------- -- -  
nns     nn           PP  VVD rb  nn    VVN    NP      to dt 

suspected terrorist
--------- ---------
jj        jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6654164) PENN in sentence 4155061:

facility in the Middle East .   
-------- -- --- ------ ---- -   
nn       in dt  NP     NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654165) PENN in sentence 4155062:

The agents would have established a  link to the
--- ------ ----- ---- ----------- -  ---- -- ---
dt  nns    md    VH   VVN         dt nn   to dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654166) PENN in sentence 4155063:

suspected facility from their work on the embassy bombings case 
--------- -------- ---- ----- ---- -- --- ------- -------- ---- 
jj        nn       in   PP$   nn   in dt  nn      nns      nn   

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654167) PENN in sentence 4155064:

This link would
---- ---- -----
dt   nn   md   
]
[POS annotation set (6654168) PENN in sentence 4155065:

have made them very interested in learning more about Mihdhar 
---- ---- ---- ---- ---------- -- -------- ---- ----- ------- 
VHP  VVN  PP   rb   jj         in VVG      jjr  in    NP      

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654169) PENN in sentence 4155066:

The sad irony is  that    the agents who found the source were 
--- --- ----- --  ----    --- ------ --- ----- --- ------ ---- 
dt  jj  nn    VBZ IN/that dt  nns    wp  VVD   dt  nn     VBD  

being kept from obtaining
----- ---- ---- ---------
VBG   VVN  in   VVG      
]
[POS annotation set (6654170) PENN in sentence 4155067:

the fruits of their own work .   
--- ------ -- ----- --- ---- -   
dt  nns    in PP$   jj  nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654171) PENN in sentence 4155068:

'' Dave , '' the CIA analyst , knew more about the Kuala
-- ---- - -- --- --- ------- - ---- ---- ----- --- -----
'' NP   , '' dt  NP  nn      , VVD  jjr  in    dt  NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654172) PENN in sentence 4155069:

Lumpur meeting .   
------ ------- -   
NP     nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654173) PENN in sentence 4155070:

He knew that    Mihdhar possessed a  U.S. visa , that    his visa
-- ---- ----    ------- --------- -  ---- ---- - ----    --- ----
PP VVD  IN/that NP      VVD       dt NP   nn   , IN/that PP$ nn  
]
[POS annotation set (6654174) PENN in sentence 4155071:

application indicated that    he intended to travel to New York ,
----------- --------- ----    -- -------- -- ------ -- --- ---- -
nn          VVD       IN/that PP VVD      to VV     to NP  NP   ,

 that Hazmi had
 ---- ----- ---
 wdt  NP    VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654175) PENN in sentence 4155072:

traveled to Los Angeles , and that    a  source had put Mihdhar 
-------- -- --- ------- - --- ----    -  ------ --- --- ------- 
VVN      to NP  NP      , cc  IN/that dt nn     VHD VVN NP      

in the company of
-- --- ------- --
in dt  nn      in
]
[POS annotation set (6654176) PENN in sentence 4155073:

Khallad .   
------- -   
NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654177) PENN in sentence 4155074:

No one at the meeting asked him what he knew ; he did not 
-- --- -- --- ------- ----- --- ---- -- ---- - -- --- --- 
dt cd  in dt  nn      VVD   PP  wp   PP VVD  : PP VVD rb  

volunteer
---------
VV       
]
[POS annotation set (6654178) PENN in sentence 4155075:

anything .   
-------- -   
nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654179) PENN in sentence 4155076:

He told investigators that    as a  CIA analyst , he was not 
-- ---- ------------- ----    -- -  --- ------- - -- --- --- 
PP VVD  nns           IN/that in dt NP  nn      , PP VBD rb  

authorized to
---------- --
VVN        to
]
[POS annotation set (6654180) PENN in sentence 4155077:

answer FBI questions regarding CIA information .    ''
------ --- --------- --------- --- ----------- -    --
VV     NP  nns       VVG       NP  nn          sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654181) PENN in sentence 4155078:

Jane '' said she assumed that    if
---- -- ---- --- ------- ----    --
NP   '' VVD  PP  VVD     IN/that in
]
[POS annotation set (6654182) PENN in sentence 4155079:

'' Dave '' knew the answers to questions , he would have 
-- ---- -- ---- --- ------- -- --------- - -- ----- ---- 
'' NP   '' VVD  dt  nns     to nns       , PP md    VH   

volunteered them .   
----------- ---- -   
VVN         PP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654183) PENN in sentence 4155080:

The New York
--- --- ----
dt  NP  NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654184) PENN in sentence 4155081:

agents left the meeting without obtaining information that might 
------ ---- --- ------- ------- --------- ----------- ---- ----- 
nns    VVD  dt  nn      in      VVG       nn          wdt  md    

have started them
---- ------- ----
VH   VVN     PP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654185) PENN in sentence 4155082:

looking for Mihdhar .   
------- --- ------- -   
VVG     in  NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654186) PENN in sentence 4155083:

Mihdhar had been a  weak link in al Qaeda 's  operational 
------- --- ---- -  ---- ---- -- -- ----- --  ----------- 
NP      VHD VBN  dt jj   nn   in NP NP    POS jj          

planning .   
-------- -   
nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654187) PENN in sentence 4155084:

He had left the
-- --- ---- ---
PP VHD VVN  dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654188) PENN in sentence 4155085:

United States in June 2000 , a  mistake KSM realized could 
------ ------ -- ---- ---- - -  ------- --- -------- ----- 
NP     NPS    in NP   cd   , dt nn      nn  VVN      md    

endanger the entire
-------- --- ------
VV       dt  jj    
]
[POS annotation set (6654189) PENN in sentence 4155086:

plan-for to continue with the operation , Mihdhar would have to 
-------- -- -------- ---- --- --------- - ------- ----- ---- -- 
nn       to VV       in   dt  nn        , NP      md    VH   to 

travel to the United
------ -- --- ------
VV     to dt  NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654190) PENN in sentence 4155087:

States again .   
------ ----- -   
nns    rb    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654191) PENN in sentence 4155088:

And unlike other operatives , Mihdhar was not `` clean '' : he 
--- ------ ----- ---------- - ------- --- --- -- ----- -- - -- 
cc  in     jj    nns        , NP      VBD rb  `` jj    '' : PP 

had jihadist
--- --------
VHD nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6654192) PENN in sentence 4155089:

connections .   
----------- -   
nns         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654193) PENN in sentence 4155090:

It was just such connections that had brought him to the 
-- --- ---- ---- ----------- ---- --- ------- --- -- --- 
PP VBD rb   jj   nns         wdt  VHD VVN     PP  to dt  

attention of
--------- --
nn        in
]
[POS annotation set (6654194) PENN in sentence 4155091:

U.S. officials .   
---- --------- -   
NP   nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654195) PENN in sentence 4155092:

Nevertheless , in this case KSM 's  fears were not realized .   
------------ - -- ---- ---- --- --  ----- ---- --- -------- -   
rb           , in dt   nn   nn  POS nns   VBD  rb  VVN      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654196) PENN in sentence 4155093:

Mihdhar received a  new U.S.
------- -------- -  --- ----
NP      VVD      dt jj  NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654197) PENN in sentence 4155094:

visa two days after the CIA - FBI meeting in New York .   
---- --- ---- ----- --- --- - --- ------- -- --- ---- -   
nn   cd  nns  in    dt  NP  : NP  nn      in NP  NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654198) PENN in sentence 4155095:

He flew to New York City on
-- ---- -- --- ---- ---- --
PP VVD  to NP  NP   NP   in
]
[POS annotation set (6654199) PENN in sentence 4155096:

July 4  .   
---- -  -   
NP   cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654200) PENN in sentence 4155097:

No one was looking for him .   
-- --- --- ------- --- --- -   
dt cd  VBD VVG     in  PP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654201) PENN in sentence 4155098:

August 2001 : The Search for Mihdhar and Hazmi Begins and Fails
------ ---- - --- ------ --- ------- --- ----- ------ --- -----
NP     cd   : dt  NP     in  NP      cc  NP    NP     cc  VVZ  
]
[POS annotation set (6654202) PENN in sentence 4155099:

During the summer of 2001 `` John , '' following a  good instinct
------ --- ------ -- ---- -- ---- - -- --------- -  ---- --------
in     dt  nn     in cd   `` NP   , '' VVG       dt jj   nn      

 but not as part of any
 --- --- -- ---- -- ---
 cc  rb  in nn   in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654203) PENN in sentence 4155100:

formal assignment , asked `` Mary , '' an FBI analyst detailed to
------ ---------- - ----- -- ---- - -- -- --- ------- -------- --
jj     nn         , VVD   `` NP   , '' dt NP  nn      jj       to

 the CIA 's  Bin Ladin
 --- --- --  --- -----
 dt  NP  POS NP  NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654204) PENN in sentence 4155101:

unit , to review all the Kuala Lumpur materials one more time 
---- - -- ------ --- --- ----- ------ --------- --- ---- ---- 
nn   , to VV     pdt dt  NP    NP     nns       cd  jjr  nn   

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654205) PENN in sentence 4155102:

She had been at the
--- --- ---- -- ---
PP  VHD VBN  in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654206) PENN in sentence 4155103:

New York meeting with `` Jane '' and `` Dave '' but had not 
--- ---- ------- ---- -- ---- -- --- -- ---- -- --- --- --- 
NP  NP   nn      in   `` NP   '' cc  `` NP   '' cc  VHD rb  

looked into the issues yet
------ ---- --- ------ ---
VVN    in   dt  nns    rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6654207) PENN in sentence 4155104:

herself .    ''
------- -    --
PP      sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654208) PENN in sentence 4155105:

John '' asked her to do the research in her free time .   
---- -- ----- --- -- -- --- -------- -- --- ---- ---- -   
NP   '' VVD   PP  to VV dt  nn       in PP$ jj   nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654209) PENN in sentence 4155106:

'' Mary '' began her work on July 24 .   
-- ---- -- ----- --- ---- -- ---- -- -   
'' NP   '' VVD   PP$ nn   in NP   cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654210) PENN in sentence 4155107:

That day , she found the cable reporting that   
---- --- - --- ----- --- ----- --------- ----   
dt   nn  , PP  VVD   dt  nn    VVG       IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654211) PENN in sentence 4155108:

Mihdhar had a  visa to the United States .   
------- --- -  ---- -- --- ------ ------ -   
NP      VHD dt nn   to dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654212) PENN in sentence 4155109:

A  week later , she found the cable reporting
-  ---- ----- - --- ----- --- ----- ---------
dt nn   rbr   , PP  VVD   dt  nn    VVG      
]
[POS annotation set (6654213) PENN in sentence 4155110:

that Mihdhar 's  visa application-what was later discovered to be
---- ------- --  ---- ---------------- --- ----- ---------- -- --
dt   NP      POS nn   nn               VBD rbr   VVN        to vb

 his first
 --- -----
 PP$ jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6654214) PENN in sentence 4155111:

application-listed New York as his destination .   
------------------ --- ---- -- --- ----------- -   
jj                 NP  NP   in PP$ nn          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654215) PENN in sentence 4155112:

On August 21 , she located the March
-- ------ -- - --- ------- --- -----
in NP     cd , PP  VVN     dt  NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654216) PENN in sentence 4155113:

2000 cable that    `` noted with interest '' that    Hazmi had 
---- ----- ----    -- ----- ---- -------- -- ----    ----- --- 
cd   nn    IN/that `` VVN   in   nn       '' IN/that NP    VHD 

flown to Los Angeles in January
----- -- --- ------- -- -------
VVN   to NP  NP      in NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6654217) PENN in sentence 4155114:

2000 .   
---- -   
cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654218) PENN in sentence 4155115:

She immediately grasped the significance of this information .   
--- ----------- ------- --- ------------ -- ---- ----------- -   
PP  rb          VVD     dt  nn           in dt   nn          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654219) PENN in sentence 4155116:

'' Mary '' and `` Jane '' promptly met with an INS representative
-- ---- -- --- -- ---- -- -------- --- ---- -- --- --------------
'' NP   '' cc  `` NP   '' rb       VVN in   dt NP  nn            

 at FBI headquarters .   
 -- --- ------------ -   
 in NP  nn           sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654220) PENN in sentence 4155117:

On
--
in
]
[POS annotation set (6654221) PENN in sentence 4155118:

August 22 , the INS told them that    Mihdhar had entered the 
------ -- - --- --- ---- ---- ----    ------- --- ------- --- 
NP     cd , dt  NP  VVD  PP   IN/that NP      VHD VVN     dt  

United States on January
------ ------ -- -------
NP     NPS    in NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6654222) PENN in sentence 4155119:

15, 2000 , and again on July 4, 2001 .   
--- ---- - --- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -   
cd  cd   , cc  rb    in NP   cd cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654223) PENN in sentence 4155120:

'' Jane '' and `` Mary '' also learned that    there was
-- ---- -- --- -- ---- -- ---- ------- ----    ----- ---
'' NP   '' cc  `` NP   '' rb   VVD     IN/that ex    VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654224) PENN in sentence 4155121:

no record that    Hazmi had left the country since January 2000 ,
-- ------ ----    ----- --- ---- --- ------- ----- ------- ---- -
dt nn     IN/that NP    VHD VVN  dt  nn      in    NP      cd   ,

 and they assumed he
 --- ---- ------- --
 cc  PP   VVD     PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654225) PENN in sentence 4155122:

had left with Mihdhar in June 2000 .   
--- ---- ---- ------- -- ---- ---- -   
VHD VVN  in   NP      in NP   cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654226) PENN in sentence 4155123:

They decided that    if Mihdhar was in the United
---- ------- ----    -- ------- --- -- --- ------
PP   VVD     IN/that in NP      VBD in dt  NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654227) PENN in sentence 4155124:

States , he should be found .   
------ - -- ------ -- ----- -   
nns    , PP md     vb VVN   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654228) PENN in sentence 4155125:

They divided up the work .    ''
---- ------- -- --- ---- -    --
PP   VVD     rp dt  nn   sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654229) PENN in sentence 4155126:

Mary '' asked the Bin Ladin unit to draft a  cable requesting
---- -- ----- --- --- ----- ---- -- ----- -  ----- ----------
NP   '' VVD   dt  NP  NP    nn   to VV    dt nn    VVG       
]
[POS annotation set (6654230) PENN in sentence 4155127:

that Mihdhar and Hazmi be put on the TIPOFF watchlist .   
---- ------- --- ----- -- --- -- --- ------ --------- -   
dt   NP      cc  NP    vb VVN in dt  NP     nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654231) PENN in sentence 4155128:

Both Hazmi and Mihdhar were
---- ----- --- ------- ----
dt   NP    cc  NP      VBD 
]
[POS annotation set (6654232) PENN in sentence 4155129:

added to this watchlist on August 24 .   
----- -- ---- --------- -- ------ -- -   
VVD   to dt   nn        in NP     cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654233) PENN in sentence 4155130:

'' Jane '' took responsibility for the search effort inside the 
-- ---- -- ---- -------------- --- --- ------ ------ ------ --- 
'' NP   '' VVD  nn             in  dt  nn     nn     in     dt  

United States .   
------ ------ -   
NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654234) PENN in sentence 4155131:

As the
-- ---
in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654235) PENN in sentence 4155132:

information indicated that    Mihdhar had last arrived in New 
----------- --------- ----    ------- --- ---- ------- -- --- 
nn          VVD       IN/that NP      VHD rb   VVN     in NP  

York , she began drafting
---- - --- ----- --------
NP   , PP  VVD   VVG     
]
[POS annotation set (6654236) PENN in sentence 4155133:

what is  known as a  lead for the FBI 's  New York Field Office 
---- --  ----- -- -  ---- --- --- --- --  --- ---- ----- ------ 
wp   VBZ VVN   in dt nn   in  dt  NP  POS NP  NP   NP    NP     

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654237) PENN in sentence 4155134:

A  lead relays
-  ---- ------
dt nn   VVZ   
]
[POS annotation set (6654238) PENN in sentence 4155135:

information from one part of the FBI to another and requests 
----------- ---- --- ---- -- --- --- -- ------- --- -------- 
nn          in   cd  nn   in dt  NP  to dt      cc  nns      

that    a  particular
----    -  ----------
IN/that dt jj        
]
[POS annotation set (6654239) PENN in sentence 4155136:

action be taken .   
------ -- ----- -   
nn     vb VVN   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654240) PENN in sentence 4155137:

She called an agent in New York to give him a  `` headsup '' on 
--- ------ -- ----- -- --- ---- -- ---- --- -  -- ------- -- -- 
PP  VVD    dt nn    in NP  NP   to VV   PP  dt `` nn      '' in 

the
---
dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654241) PENN in sentence 4155138:

matter , but her draft lead was not sent until August 28 .   
------ - --- --- ----- ---- --- --- ---- ----- ------ -- -   
nn     , cc  PP$ nn    nn   VBD rb  VVN  in    NP     cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654242) PENN in sentence 4155139:

Her email told the New York
--- ----- ---- --- --- ----
PP$ nn    VVD  dt  NP  NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654243) PENN in sentence 4155140:

agent that    she wanted him to get started as soon as possible ,
----- ----    --- ------ --- -- --- ------- -- ---- -- -------- -
nn    IN/that PP  VVD    PP  to VV  VVN     rb rb   in jj       ,

 but she labeled the
 --- --- ------- ---
 cc  PP  VVD     dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654244) PENN in sentence 4155141:

lead as `` Routine '' -a designation that informs the receiving 
---- -- -- ------- -- -- ----------- ---- ------- --- --------- 
nn   in `` NP      '' nn nn          wdt  VVZ     dt  VVG       

office that    it has 30
------ ----    -- --- --
nn     IN/that PP VHZ cd
]
[POS annotation set (6654245) PENN in sentence 4155142:

days to respond .   
---- -- ------- -   
nns  to VV      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654246) PENN in sentence 4155143:

The agent who received the lead forwarded it to his squad 
--- ----- --- -------- --- ---- --------- -- -- --- ----- 
dt  nn    wp  VVD      dt  nn   VVD       PP to PP$ nn    

supervisor .   
---------- -   
nn         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654247) PENN in sentence 4155144:

That same day,
---- ---- ----
dt   jj   NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654248) PENN in sentence 4155145:

the supervisor forwarded the lead to an intelligence agent to 
--- ---------- --------- --- ---- -- -- ------------ ----- -- 
dt  nn         VVD       dt  nn   to dt nn           nn    to 

open an intelligence
---- -- ------------
VV   dt nn          
]
[POS annotation set (6654249) PENN in sentence 4155146:

case-an agent who thus was behind `` the wall '' keeping FBI 
------- ----- --- ---- --- ------ -- --- ---- -- ------- --- 
jj      nn    wp  rb   VBD rb     `` dt  nn   '' VVG     NP  

intelligence information
------------ -----------
nn           nn         
]
[POS annotation set (6654250) PENN in sentence 4155147:

from being shared with criminal prosecutors .   
---- ----- ------ ---- -------- ----------- -   
in   VBG   VVN    in   jj       nns         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654251) PENN in sentence 4155148:

He also sent it to the Cole case agents
-- ---- ---- -- -- --- ---- ---- ------
PP rb   VVD  PP to dt  NP   nn   nns   
]
[POS annotation set (6654252) PENN in sentence 4155149:

and an agent who had spent significant time in Malaysia searching
--- -- ----- --- --- ----- ----------- ---- -- -------- ---------
cc  dt nn    wp  VHD VVN   jj          nn   in NP       VVG      

 for another
 --- -------
 in  dt     
]
[POS annotation set (6654253) PENN in sentence 4155150:

Khalid : Khalid Sheikh Mohammad .   
------ - ------ ------ -------- -   
NP     : NP     NP     NP       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654254) PENN in sentence 4155151:

The suggested goal of the investigation was to locate Mihdhar , 
--- --------- ---- -- --- ------------- --- -- ------ ------- - 
dt  VVN       nn   in dt  nn            VBD to VV     NP      , 

determine his contacts
--------- --- --------
VV        PP$ nns     
]
[POS annotation set (6654255) PENN in sentence 4155152:

and reasons for being in the United States , and possibly conduct
--- ------- --- ----- -- --- ------ ------ - --- -------- -------
cc  nns     in  VBG   in dt  NP     NPS    , cc  rb       VV     

 an interview .   
 -- --------- -   
 dt nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654256) PENN in sentence 4155153:

Before sending the lead , `` Jane '' had discussed it with `` 
------ ------- --- ---- - -- ---- -- --- --------- -- ---- -- 
in     VVG     dt  nn   , `` NP   '' VHD VVN       PP in   `` 

John , '' the CIA official on
---- - -- --- --- -------- --
NP   , '' dt  NP  nn       in
]
[POS annotation set (6654257) PENN in sentence 4155154:

detail to the FBI .   
------ -- --- --- -   
nn     to dt  NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654258) PENN in sentence 4155155:

She had also checked with the acting head of the FBI 's  Bin 
--- --- ---- ------- ---- --- ------ ---- -- --- --- --  --- 
PP  VHD rb   VVN     in   dt  VVG    nn   in dt  NP  POS NP  

Ladin
-----
NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654259) PENN in sentence 4155156:

unit .   
---- -   
nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654260) PENN in sentence 4155157:

The discussion seems to have been limited to whether the search 
--- ---------- ----- -- ---- ---- ------- -- ------- --- ------ 
dt  nn         VVZ   to VH   VBN  VVN     to in      dt  nn     

should be
------ --
md     vb
]
[POS annotation set (6654261) PENN in sentence 4155158:

classified as an intelligence investigation or as a  criminal one
---------- -- -- ------------ ------------- -- -- -  -------- ---
VVN        in dt nn           nn            cc in dt jj       cd 

 .   
 -   
 sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654262) PENN in sentence 4155159:

It appears that    no
-- ------- ----    --
PP VVZ     IN/that dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654263) PENN in sentence 4155160:

one informed higher levels of management in either the FBI or CIA
--- -------- ------ ------ -- ---------- -- ------ --- --- -- ---
PP  VVD      jjr    nns    in nn         in cc     dt  NP  cc NP 

 about the
 ----- ---
 in    dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654264) PENN in sentence 4155161:

case .   
---- -   
nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654265) PENN in sentence 4155162:

There is  no evidence that    the lead , or the search for these 
----- --  -- -------- ----    --- ---- - -- --- ------ --- ----- 
ex    VBZ dt nn       IN/that dt  nn   , cc dt  nn     in  dt    

terrorist suspects , was
--------- -------- - ---
jj        nns      , VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654266) PENN in sentence 4155163:

substantively discussed at any level above deputy chief of a  
------------- --------- -- --- ----- ----- ------ ----- -- -  
rb            VVN       in dt  nn    in    jj     nn    in dt 

section within the
------- ------ ---
nn      in     dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654267) PENN in sentence 4155164:

Counterterrorism Division at FBI headquarters .   
---------------- -------- -- --- ------------ -   
nn               nn       in NP  nn           sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654268) PENN in sentence 4155165:

One of the Cole case agents read the lead with interest , and 
--- -- --- ---- ---- ------ ---- --- ---- ---- -------- - --- 
cd  in dt  NP   nn   nns    VVP  dt  nn   in   nn       , cc  

contacted `` Jane '' to
--------- -- ---- -- --
VVD       `` NP   '' to
]
[POS annotation set (6654269) PENN in sentence 4155166:

obtain more information .    ''
------ ---- ----------- -    --
VV     jjr  nn          sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654270) PENN in sentence 4155167:

Jane '' argued , however , that    because the agent was
---- -- ------ - ------- - ----    ------- --- ----- ---
NP   '' VVD    , rb      , IN/that in      dt  nn    VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654271) PENN in sentence 4155168:

designated a  `` criminal ''
---------- -  -- -------- --
VVN        dt `` jj       ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654272) PENN in sentence 4155169:

FBI agent , not an intelligence FBI agent , the wall kept him
--- ----- - --- -- ------------ --- ----- - --- ---- ---- ---
NP  nn    , rb  dt nn           NP  nn    , dt  nn   VVD  PP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654273) PENN in sentence 4155170:

from participating in any search for Mihdhar .   
---- ------------- -- --- ------ --- ------- -   
in   VVG           in dt  nn     in  NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654274) PENN in sentence 4155171:

In fact , she felt he had to destroy
-- ---- - --- ---- -- --- -- -------
in nn   , PP  VVD  PP VHD to VV     
]
[POS annotation set (6654275) PENN in sentence 4155172:

his copy of the lead because it contained NSA information from 
--- ---- -- --- ---- ------- -- --------- --- ----------- ---- 
PP$ nn   in dt  nn   in      PP VVD       NP  nn          in   

reports that included
------- ---- --------
nns     wdt  VVD     
]
[POS annotation set (6654276) PENN in sentence 4155173:

caveats ordering that    the information not be shared without 
------- -------- ----    --- ----------- --- -- ------ ------- 
nns     VVG      IN/that dt  nn          rb  vb VVN    in      

OIPR 's  permission .   
---- --  ---------- -   
NP   POS nn         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654277) PENN in sentence 4155174:

The
---
dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654278) PENN in sentence 4155175:

agent asked `` Jane '' to get an opinion from the FBI 's  
----- ----- -- ---- -- -- --- -- ------- ---- --- --- --  
nn    VVD   `` NP   '' to VV  dt nn      in   dt  NP  POS 

National Security Law Unit
-------- -------- --- ----
NP       NP       NP  NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654279) PENN in sentence 4155176:

( NSLU ) on whether he could open a  criminal case on Mihdhar 
- ---- - -- ------- -- ----- ---- -  -------- ---- -- ------- 
( NP   ) in in      PP md    VV   dt jj       nn   in NP      

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654280) PENN in sentence 4155177:

'' Jane '' sent an email to the Cole case agent explaining 
-- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- --- ---- ---- ----- ---------- 
'' NP   '' VVD  dt nn    to dt  NP   nn   nn    VVG        

that    according to the NSLU ,
----    --------- -- --- ---- -
IN/that VVG       to dt  NP   ,
]
[POS annotation set (6654281) PENN in sentence 4155178:

the case could be opened only as an intelligence matter , and 
--- ---- ----- -- ------ ---- -- -- ------------ ------ - --- 
dt  nn   md    vb VVN    rb   in dt nn           nn     , cc  

that    if Mihdhar was
----    -- ------- ---
IN/that in NP      VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654282) PENN in sentence 4155179:

found , only designated intelligence agents could conduct or even
----- - ---- ---------- ------------ ------ ----- ------- -- ----
VVN   , rb   VVN        nn           nns    md    VV      cc rb  

 be present at any
 -- ------- -- ---
 vb jj      in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654283) PENN in sentence 4155180:

interview .   
--------- -   
nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654284) PENN in sentence 4155181:

She appears to have misunderstood the complex rules that could 
--- ------- -- ---- ------------- --- ------- ----- ---- ----- 
PP  VVZ     to VH   VVN           dt  jj      nns   wdt  md    

apply to
----- --
VV    to
]
[POS annotation set (6654285) PENN in sentence 4155182:

this situation .   
---- --------- -   
dt   nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654286) PENN in sentence 4155183:

The FBI agent angrily responded:
--- --- ----- ------- ----------
dt  NP  nn    rb      jj        
]
[POS annotation set (6654287) PENN in sentence 4155184:

Whatever has happened to this-someday someone will die-and wall 
-------- --- -------- -- ------------ ------- ---- ------- ---- 
wdt      VHZ VVN      to nn           nn      md   nn      nn   

or not-the
-- -------
cc jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6654288) PENN in sentence 4155185:

public will not understand why we were not more effective and 
------ ---- --- ---------- --- -- ---- --- ---- --------- --- 
nn     md   rb  VV         wrb PP VBD  rb  rbr  jj        cc  

throwing every
-------- -----
VVG      dt   
]
[POS annotation set (6654289) PENN in sentence 4155186:

resource we had at certain `` problems .    ''
-------- -- --- -- ------- -- -------- -    --
nn       PP VHD in jj      `` nns      sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654290) PENN in sentence 4155187:

Let 's  hope the National Security Law Unit
--- --  ---- --- -------- -------- --- ----
VV  VBZ VV   dt  NP       NP       NP  NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654291) PENN in sentence 4155188:

will stand behind their decisions then , especially since the 
---- ----- ------ ----- --------- ---- - ---------- ----- --- 
md   VV    in     PP$   nns       rb   , rb         in    dt  

biggest threat to
------- ------ --
jjs     nn     to
]
[POS annotation set (6654292) PENN in sentence 4155189:

us now , UBL , is  getting the most `` protection .    ''
-- --- - --- - --  ------- --- ---- -- ---------- -    --
PP rb  , NP  , VBZ VVG     dt  jjs  `` nn         sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654293) PENN in sentence 4155190:

'' Jane" replied that    she was not making up the rules ; she 
-- ----- ------- ----    --- --- --- ------ -- --- ----- - --- 
'' NP    VVD     IN/that PP  VBD rb  VVG    rp dt  nns   : PP  

claimed that    they were in
------- ----    ---- ---- --
VVD     IN/that PP   VBD  in
]
[POS annotation set (6654294) PENN in sentence 4155191:

the relevant manual and `` ordered by the [   FISA ]   Court and 
--- -------- ------ --- -- ------- -- --- -   ---- -   ----- --- 
dt  jj       jj     cc  `` VVN     in NP  sym NP   sym NP    cc  

every office of the FBI is 
----- ------ -- --- --- -- 
dt    nn     in dt  NP  VBZ
]
[POS annotation set (6654295) PENN in sentence 4155192:

required to follow them including FBI NY .    ''
-------- -- ------ ---- --------- --- -- -    --
VVN      to VV     PP   VVG       NP  NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654296) PENN in sentence 4155193:

It is  now clear that    everyone involved was confused about the
-- --  --- ----- ----    -------- -------- --- -------- ----- ---
PP VBZ rb  jj    IN/that nn       VVN      VBD VVN      in    dt 

 rules governing the
 ----- --------- ---
 nns   VVG       dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654297) PENN in sentence 4155194:

sharing and use of information gathered in intelligence channels 
------- --- --- -- ----------- -------- -- ------------ -------- 
nn      cc  nn  in nn          VVN      in nn           nns      

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654298) PENN in sentence 4155195:

Because Mihdhar
------- -------
in      NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6654299) PENN in sentence 4155196:

was being sought for his possible connection to or knowledge of 
--- ----- ------ --- --- -------- ---------- -- -- --------- -- 
VBD VBG   VVN    in  PP$ jj       nn         to cc nn        in 

the Cole bombing , he
--- ---- ------- - --
dt  NP   nn      , PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654300) PENN in sentence 4155197:

could be investigated or tracked under the existing Cole criminal
----- -- ------------ -- ------- ----- --- -------- ---- --------
md    vb VVN          cc VVN     in    dt  jj       NP   jj      

 case .   
 ---- -   
 nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654301) PENN in sentence 4155198:

No new
-- ---
dt jj 
]
[POS annotation set (6654302) PENN in sentence 4155199:

criminal case was needed for the criminal agent to begin 
-------- ---- --- ------ --- --- -------- ----- -- ----- 
jj       nn   VBD VVN    in  dt  jj       nn    to VV    

searching for Mihdhar .   
--------- --- ------- -   
VVG       in  NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654303) PENN in sentence 4155200:

And
---
cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6654304) PENN in sentence 4155201:

as NSA had approved the passage of its information to the 
-- --- --- -------- --- ------- -- --- ----------- -- --- 
in NP  VHD VVN      dt  nn      in PP$ nn          to dt  

criminal agent , he could
-------- ----- - -- -----
jj       nn    , PP md   
]
[POS annotation set (6654305) PENN in sentence 4155202:

have conducted a  search using all available information .   
---- --------- -  ------ ----- --- --------- ----------- -   
VHP  VVN       dt nn     VVG   dt  jj        nn          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654306) PENN in sentence 4155203:

As a  result of this
-- -  ------ -- ----
in dt nn     in dt  
]
[POS annotation set (6654307) PENN in sentence 4155204:

confusion , the criminal agents who were knowledgeable about al 
--------- - --- -------- ------ --- ---- ------------- ----- -- 
nn        , dt  jj       nns    wp  VBD  jj            in    NP 

Qaeda and experienced
----- --- -----------
NP    cc  jj         
]
[POS annotation set (6654308) PENN in sentence 4155205:

with criminal investigative techniques , including finding 
---- -------- ------------- ---------- - --------- ------- 
in   jj       jj            nns        , VVG       VVG     

suspects and possible
-------- --- --------
nns      cc  jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6654309) PENN in sentence 4155206:

criminal charges , were thus excluded from the search .   
-------- ------- - ---- ---- -------- ---- --- ------ -   
jj       nns     , VBD  rb   VVN      in   dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654310) PENN in sentence 4155207:

The search was assigned to one FBI agent , and it was his very 
--- ------ --- -------- -- --- --- ----- - --- -- --- --- ---- 
dt  nn     VBD VVN      to cd  NP  nn    , cc  PP VBD PP$ jj   

first counterterrorism
----- ----------------
jj    nn              
]
[POS annotation set (6654311) PENN in sentence 4155208:

lead .   
---- -   
nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654312) PENN in sentence 4155209:

Because the lead was `` routine , '' he was given 30 days to open
------- --- ---- --- -- ------- - -- -- --- ----- -- ---- -- ----
in      dt  nn   VBD `` jj      , '' PP VBD VVN   cd nns  to VV  

 an intelligence
 -- ------------
 dt nn          
]
[POS annotation set (6654313) PENN in sentence 4155210:

case and make some unspecified efforts to locate Mihdhar .   
---- --- ---- ---- ----------- ------- -- ------ ------- -   
nn   cc  VV   dt   jj          nns     to VV     NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654314) PENN in sentence 4155211:

He started the process a 
-- ------- --- ------- - 
PP VVD     dt  nn      dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654315) PENN in sentence 4155212:

few days later .   
--- ---- ----- -   
jj  nns  rbr   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654316) PENN in sentence 4155213:

He checked local New York databases for criminal record and 
-- ------- ----- --- ---- --------- --- -------- ------ --- 
PP VVD     jj    NP  NP   nns       in  jj       nn     cc  

driver 's 
------ -- 
nn     POS
]
[POS annotation set (6654317) PENN in sentence 4155214:

license information and checked the hotel listed on Mihdhar 's  
------- ----------- --- ------- --- ----- ------ -- ------- --  
nn      nn          cc  VVD     dt  nn    VVN    in NP      POS 

U.S. entry form .   
---- ----- ---- -   
NP   nn    nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654318) PENN in sentence 4155215:

Finally , on September 11 , the agent sent a  lead to Los Angeles
------- - -- --------- -- - --- ----- ---- -  ---- -- --- -------
rb      , in NP        cd , dt  nn    VVD  dt nn   to NP  NP     

 , because Mihdhar had
 - ------- ------- ---
 , in      NP      VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654319) PENN in sentence 4155216:

initially arrived in Los Angeles in January 2000 .   
--------- ------- -- --- ------- -- ------- ---- -   
rb        VVN     in NP  NP      in NP      cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654320) PENN in sentence 4155217:

We believe that    if more resources had been applied and a  
-- ------- ----    -- ---- --------- --- ---- ------- --- -  
PP VVP     IN/that in jjr  nns       VHD VBN  VVN     cc  dt 

significantly different
------------- ---------
rb            jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6654321) PENN in sentence 4155218:

approach taken , Mihdhar and Hazmi might have been found .   
-------- ----- - ------- --- ----- ----- ---- ---- ----- -   
nn       VVN   , NP      cc  NP    md    VH   VBN  VVN   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654322) PENN in sentence 4155219:

They had used their true
---- --- ---- ----- ----
PP   VHD VVN  PP$   jj  
]
[POS annotation set (6654323) PENN in sentence 4155220:

names in the United States .   
----- -- --- ------ ------ -   
nns   in dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654324) PENN in sentence 4155221:

Still , the investigators would have needed luck as well
----- - --- ------------- ----- ---- ------ ---- -- ----
rb    , dt  nns           md    VH   VVN    nn   in rb  
]
[POS annotation set (6654325) PENN in sentence 4155222:

as skill to find them prior to September 11 even if such searches
-- ----- -- ---- ---- ----- -- --------- -- ---- -- ---- --------
in nn    to VV   PP   jj    to NP        cd rb   in jj   nns     

 had begun as early
 --- ----- -- -----
 VHD VVN   in jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6654326) PENN in sentence 4155223:

as August 23 , when the lead was first drafted .   
-- ------ -- - ---- --- ---- --- ----- ------- -   
in NP     cd , wrb  dt  nn   VBD rb    VVN     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654327) PENN in sentence 4155224:

Many FBI witnesses have suggested that    even if Mihdhar had 
---- --- --------- ---- --------- ----    ---- -- ------- --- 
jj   NP  nns       VHP  VVN       IN/that rb   in NP      VHD 

been found , there was
---- ----- - ----- ---
VBN  VVN   , ex    VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654328) PENN in sentence 4155225:

nothing the agents could have done except follow him onto the 
------- --- ------ ----- ---- ---- ------ ------ --- ---- --- 
nn      dt  nns    md    VH   VVN  in     VV     PP  in   dt  

planes .   
------ -   
nns    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654329) PENN in sentence 4155226:

We believe
-- -------
PP VVP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654330) PENN in sentence 4155227:

this is  incorrect .   
---- --  --------- -   
dt   VBZ jj        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654331) PENN in sentence 4155228:

Both Hazmi and Mihdhar could have been held for immigration
---- ----- --- ------- ----- ---- ---- ---- --- -----------
dt   NP    cc  NP      md    VH   VBN  VVN  in  nn         
]
[POS annotation set (6654332) PENN in sentence 4155229:

violations or as material witnesses in the Cole bombing case .   
---------- -- -- -------- --------- -- --- ---- ------- ---- -   
nns        cc in nn       nns       in dt  NP   nn      nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654333) PENN in sentence 4155230:

Investigation or
------------- --
nn            cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654334) PENN in sentence 4155231:

interrogation of them , and investigation of their travel and 
------------- -- ---- - --- ------------- -- ----- ------ --- 
nn            in PP   , cc  nn            in PP$   nn     cc  

financial activities,
--------- -----------
jj        NP         
]
[POS annotation set (6654335) PENN in sentence 4155232:

could have yielded evidence of connections to other participants 
----- ---- ------- -------- -- ----------- -- ----- ------------ 
md    VH   VVN     nn       in nns         to jj    nns          

in the 9/11 plot .   
-- --- ---- ---- -   
in dt  cd   nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654336) PENN in sentence 4155233:

The simple fact of their detention could have derailed the plan 
--- ------ ---- -- ----- --------- ----- ---- -------- --- ---- 
dt  jj     nn   in PP$   nn        md    VH   VVN      dt  nn   

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654337) PENN in sentence 4155234:

In any case , the
-- --- ---- - ---
in dt  nn   , dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654338) PENN in sentence 4155235:

opportunity did not arise .   
----------- --- --- ----- -   
nn          VVD rb  VV    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654339) PENN in sentence 4155236:

Phoenix Memo
------- ----
NP      NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654340) PENN in sentence 4155237:

The Phoenix memo was investigated thoroughly by the Joint Inquiry
--- ------- ---- --- ------------ ---------- -- --- ----- -------
dt  NP      nn   VBD VVN          rb         in dt  NP    NP     

 and the Department
 --- --- ----------
 cc  dt  NP        
]
[POS annotation set (6654341) PENN in sentence 4155238:

of Justice Inspector General.86We will recap it briefly here .   
-- ------- --------- ------------ ---- ----- -- ------- ---- -   
in NP      NP        NP           md   VV    PP rb      rb   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654342) PENN in sentence 4155239:

In July 2001 , an FBI
-- ---- ---- - -- ---
in NP   cd   , dt NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654343) PENN in sentence 4155240:

agent in the Phoenix field office sent a  memo to FBI 
----- -- --- ------- ----- ------ ---- -  ---- -- --- 
nn    in dt  NP      nn    nn     VVD  dt nn   to NP  

headquarters and to two agents
------------ --- -- --- ------
nns          cc  to cd  nns   
]
[POS annotation set (6654344) PENN in sentence 4155241:

on international terrorism squads in the New York Field Office , 
-- ------------- --------- ------ -- --- --- ---- ----- ------ - 
in jj            nn        nns    in dt  NP  NP   NP    NP     , 

advising of the
-------- -- ---
VVG      in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654345) PENN in sentence 4155242:

'' possibility of a  coordinated effort by Usama Bin Ladin '' to 
-- ----------- -- -  ----------- ------ -- ----- --- ----- -- -- 
'' nn          in dt VVN         nn     in NP    NP  NP    '' to 

send students to the
---- -------- -- ---
VV   nns      to dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654346) PENN in sentence 4155243:

United States to attend civil aviation schools .   
------ ------ -- ------ ----- -------- ------- -   
NP     NPS    to VV     jj    nn       nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654347) PENN in sentence 4155244:

The agent based his theory on the
--- ----- ----- --- ------ -- ---
dt  nn    VVN   PP$ nn     in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654348) PENN in sentence 4155245:

'' inordinate number of individuals of investigative interest '' 
-- ---------- ------ -- ----------- -- ------------- -------- -- 
'' jj         nn     in nns         in jj            nn       '' 

attending such schools
--------- ---- -------
VVG       jj   nns    
]
[POS annotation set (6654349) PENN in sentence 4155246:

in Arizona .   
-- ------- -   
in NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654350) PENN in sentence 4155247:

The agent made four recommendations to FBI headquarters : to 
--- ----- ---- ---- --------------- -- --- ------------ - -- 
dt  nn    VVD  cd   nns             to NP  nn           : to 

compile a  list of civil
------- -  ---- -- -----
VV      dt nn   in jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6654351) PENN in sentence 4155248:

aviation schools , establish liaison with those schools , discuss
-------- ------- - --------- ------- ---- ----- ------- - -------
nn       nns     , VV        nn      in   dt    nns     , VV     

 his theories about
 --- -------- -----
 PP$ nns      in   
]
[POS annotation set (6654352) PENN in sentence 4155249:

Bin Ladin with the intelligence community , and seek authority to
--- ----- ---- --- ------------ --------- - --- ---- --------- --
NP  NP    in   dt  nn           nn        , cc  VV   nn        to

 obtain visa
 ------ ----
 VV     nn  
]
[POS annotation set (6654353) PENN in sentence 4155250:

information on persons applying to flight schools .   
----------- -- ------- -------- -- ------ ------- -   
nn          in nns     VVG      to nn     nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654354) PENN in sentence 4155251:

His recommendations were not
--- --------------- ---- ---
PP$ nns             VBD  rb 
]
[POS annotation set (6654355) PENN in sentence 4155252:

acted on .   
----- -- -   
VVN   in sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654356) PENN in sentence 4155253:

His memo was forwarded to one field office .   
--- ---- --- --------- -- --- ----- ------ -   
PP$ nn   VBD VVN       to cd  nn    nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654357) PENN in sentence 4155254:

Managers of the Usama Bin
-------- -- --- ----- ---
nns      in dt  NP    NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654358) PENN in sentence 4155255:

Ladin unit and the Radical Fundamentalist unit at FBI 
----- ---- --- --- ------- -------------- ---- -- --- 
NP    nn   cc  dt  NP      NP             nn   in NP  

headquarters were addressees,
------------ ---- -----------
nn           VBD  NP         
]
[POS annotation set (6654359) PENN in sentence 4155256:

but they did not even see the memo until after September 11 .   
--- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ----- ----- --------- -- -   
cc  PP   VVD rb  rb   VV  dt  nn   in    in    NP        cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654360) PENN in sentence 4155257:

No managers at
-- -------- --
dt nns      in
]
[POS annotation set (6654361) PENN in sentence 4155258:

headquarters saw the memo before September 11 , and the New York 
------------ --- --- ---- ------ --------- -- - --- --- --- ---- 
nns          VVD dt  nn   in     NP        cd , cc  dt  NP  NP   

Field Office took no
----- ------ ---- --
NP    NP     VVD  dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654362) PENN in sentence 4155259:

action .   
------ -   
nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654363) PENN in sentence 4155260:

As its author told investigators , the Phoenix memo was not an 
-- --- ------ ---- ------------- - --- ------- ---- --- --- -- 
in PP$ nn     VVD  nns           , dt  NP      nn   VBD rb  dt 

alert about suicide
----- ----- -------
nn    in    nn     
]
[POS annotation set (6654364) PENN in sentence 4155261:

pilots .   
------ -   
nns    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654365) PENN in sentence 4155262:

His worry was more about a  Pan Am Flight 103 scenario in which 
--- ----- --- ---- ----- -  --- -- ------ --- -------- -- ----- 
PP$ nn    VBD jjr  in    dt NP  NP NP     cd  nn       in wdt   

explosives
----------
nns       
]
[POS annotation set (6654366) PENN in sentence 4155263:

were placed on an aircraft .   
---- ------ -- -- -------- -   
VBD  VVN    in dt nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654367) PENN in sentence 4155264:

The memo 's  references to aviation training were broad,
--- ---- --  ---------- -- -------- -------- ---- ------
dt  nn   POS nns        to nn       nn       VBD  NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654368) PENN in sentence 4155265:

including aeronautical engineering .   
--------- ------------ ----------- -   
VVG       jj           nn          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654369) PENN in sentence 4155266:

If the memo had been distributed in a  timely fashion and its 
-- --- ---- --- ---- ----------- -- -  ------ ------- --- --- 
in dt  nn   VHD VBN  VVN         in dt jj     nn      cc  PP$ 

recommendations acted on
--------------- ----- --
nns             VVN   in
]
[POS annotation set (6654370) PENN in sentence 4155267:

promptly , we do  not believe it would have uncovered the plot 
-------- - -- --  --- ------- -- ----- ---- --------- --- ---- 
rb       , PP VVP rb  VV      PP md    VH   VVN       dt  nn   

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654371) PENN in sentence 4155268:

It might well,
-- ----- -----
PP md    VVN  
]
[POS annotation set (6654372) PENN in sentence 4155269:

however , have sensitized the FBI so that    it might have taken 
------- - ---- ---------- --- --- -- ----    -- ----- ---- ----- 
rb      , VHP  VVN        dt  NP  rb IN/that PP md    VH   VVN   

the Moussaoui matter
--- --------- ------
dt  NP        nn    
]
[POS annotation set (6654373) PENN in sentence 4155270:

more seriously the next month .   
---- --------- --- ---- ----- -   
rbr  rb        dt  jj   nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654374) PENN in sentence 4155271:

Zacarias Moussaoui
-------- ---------
NP       NP       
]
[POS annotation set (6654375) PENN in sentence 4155272:

On August 15, 2001 , the Minneapolis FBI Field Office initiated 
-- ------ --- ---- - --- ----------- --- ----- ------ --------- 
in NP     cd  cd   , dt  NP          NP  NP    NP     VVD       

an intelligence
-- ------------
dt nn          
]
[POS annotation set (6654376) PENN in sentence 4155273:

investigation on Zacarias Moussaoui .   
------------- -- -------- --------- -   
nn            in NP       NP        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654377) PENN in sentence 4155274:

As mentioned in chapter 7  , he had entered the
-- --------- -- ------- -  - -- --- ------- ---
in VVN       in nn      cd , PP VHD VVN     dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654378) PENN in sentence 4155275:

United States in February 2001 , and had begun flight lessons at 
------ ------ -- -------- ---- - --- --- ----- ------ ------- -- 
NP     NPS    in NP       cd   , cc  VHD VVN   nn     nns     in 

Airman Flight School
------ ------ ------
NP     NP     NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654379) PENN in sentence 4155276:

in Norman , Oklahoma .   
-- ------ - -------- -   
in NP     , NP       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654380) PENN in sentence 4155277:

He resumed his training at the Pan Am International Flight
-- ------- --- -------- -- --- --- -- ------------- ------
PP VVD     PP$ nn       in dt  NP  NP NP            NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654381) PENN in sentence 4155278:

Academy in Eagan , Minnesota , starting on August 13 .   
------- -- ----- - --------- - -------- -- ------ -- -   
NP      in NP    , NP        , VVG      in NP     cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654382) PENN in sentence 4155279:

He had none of the usual
-- --- ---- -- --- -----
PP VHD nn   in dt  jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6654383) PENN in sentence 4155280:

qualifications for flight training on Pan Am 's  Boeing 747 
-------------- --- ------ -------- -- --- -- --  ------ --- 
nns            in  nn     nn       in NP  NP POS NP     NP  

flight simulators .   
------ ---------- -   
nn     nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654384) PENN in sentence 4155281:

He said
-- ----
PP VVD 
]
[POS annotation set (6654385) PENN in sentence 4155282:

he did not intend to become a  commercial pilot but wanted the 
-- --- --- ------ -- ------ -  ---------- ----- --- ------ --- 
PP VVD rb  VV     to VV     dt jj         nn    cc  VVD    dt  

training as an `` ego
-------- -- -- -- ---
nn       in dt `` nn 
]
[POS annotation set (6654386) PENN in sentence 4155283:

boosting thing .    ''
-------- ----- -    --
VVG      nn    sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654387) PENN in sentence 4155284:

Moussaoui stood out because , with little knowledge of flying , 
--------- ----- --- ------- - ---- ------ --------- -- ------ - 
NP        VVD   rp  in      , in   jj     nn        in VVG    , 

he
--
PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654388) PENN in sentence 4155285:

wanted to learn how to `` take off and land '' a  Boeing 747 .   
------ -- ----- --- -- -- ---- --- --- ---- -- -  ------ --- -   
VVD    to VV    wrb to `` VV   rp  cc  VV   '' dt NP     NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654389) PENN in sentence 4155286:

The agent in Minneapolis quickly learned that    Moussaoui 
--- ----- -- ----------- ------- ------- ----    --------- 
dt  nn    in NP          rb      VVD     IN/that NP        

possessed jihadist beliefs .   
--------- -------- ------- -   
VVD       nn       nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654390) PENN in sentence 4155287:

Moreover , Moussaoui had $32,000 in a  bank account but did not 
-------- - --------- --- ------- -- -  ---- ------- --- --- --- 
rb       , NP        VHD nn      in dt nn   nn      cc  VVD rb  

provide a  plausible
------- -  ---------
VV      dt jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6654391) PENN in sentence 4155288:

explanation for this sum of money .   
----------- --- ---- --- -- ----- -   
nn          in  dt   nn  in nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654392) PENN in sentence 4155289:

He had traveled to Pakistan but became agitated
-- --- -------- -- -------- --- ------ --------
PP VHD VVN      to NP       cc  VVD    VVN     
]
[POS annotation set (6654393) PENN in sentence 4155290:

when asked if he had traveled to nearby countries while in 
---- ----- -- -- --- -------- -- ------ --------- ----- -- 
wrb  VVN   in PP VHD VVN      to jj     nns       in    in 

Pakistan ( Pakistan was
-------- - -------- ---
NP       ( NP       VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654394) PENN in sentence 4155291:

the customary route to the training camps in Afghanistan ) .   
--- --------- ----- -- --- -------- ----- -- ----------- - -   
dt  jj        nn    to dt  nn       nns   in NP          ) sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654395) PENN in sentence 4155292:

He planned to receive
-- ------- -- -------
PP VVD     to VV     
]
[POS annotation set (6654396) PENN in sentence 4155293:

martial arts training , and intended to purchase a  global 
------- ---- -------- - --- -------- -- -------- -  ------ 
jj      nns  nn       , cc  VVD      to VV       dt jj     

positioning receiver .   
----------- -------- -   
nn          nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654397) PENN in sentence 4155294:

The
---
dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654398) PENN in sentence 4155295:

agent also noted that    Moussaoui became extremely agitated 
----- ---- ----- ----    --------- ------ --------- -------- 
nn    rb   VVD   IN/that NP        VVD    rb        VVN      

whenever he was questioned
-------- -- --- ----------
wrb      PP VBD VVN       
]
[POS annotation set (6654399) PENN in sentence 4155296:

regarding his religious beliefs .   
--------- --- --------- ------- -   
VVG       PP$ jj        nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654400) PENN in sentence 4155297:

The agent concluded that    Moussaoui was `` an Islamic
--- ----- --------- ----    --------- --- -- -- -------
dt  nn    VVD       IN/that NP        VBD `` dt jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6654401) PENN in sentence 4155298:

extremist preparing for some future act in furtherance of radical
--------- --------- --- ---- ------ --- -- ----------- -- -------
nn        VVG       in  dt   jj     nn  in nn          in jj     

 fundamentalist
 --------------
 jj            
]
[POS annotation set (6654402) PENN in sentence 4155299:

goals .    ''
----- -    --
nns   sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654403) PENN in sentence 4155300:

He also believed Moussaoui 's  plan was related to his flight 
-- ---- -------- --------- --  ---- --- ------- -- --- ------ 
PP rb   VVD      NP        POS nn   VBD VVN     to PP$ nn     

training .   
-------- -   
nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654404) PENN in sentence 4155301:

Moussaoui can be seen as an al Qaeda mistake and a  missed 
--------- --- -- ---- -- -- -- ----- ------- --- -  ------ 
NP        md  vb VVN  in dt NP NP    nn      cc  dt VVN    

opportunity .   
----------- -   
nn          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654405) PENN in sentence 4155302:

An apparently
-- ----------
dt rb        
]
[POS annotation set (6654406) PENN in sentence 4155303:

unreliable operative , he had fallen into the hands of the FBI 
---------- --------- - -- --- ------ ---- --- ----- -- --- --- 
jj         nn        , PP VHD VVN    in   dt  nns   in dt  NP  

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654407) PENN in sentence 4155304:

As discussed in
-- --------- --
in VVN       in
]
[POS annotation set (6654408) PENN in sentence 4155305:

chapter 7  , Moussaoui had been in contact with and received 
------- -  - --------- --- ---- -- ------- ---- --- -------- 
nn      cd , NP        VHD VBN  in nn      in   cc  VVD      

money from Ramzi
----- ---- -----
nn    in   NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654409) PENN in sentence 4155306:

Binalshibh .   
---------- -   
NP         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654410) PENN in sentence 4155307:

If Moussaoui had been connected to al Qaeda , questions should 
-- --------- --- ---- --------- -- -- ----- - --------- ------ 
in NP        VHD VBN  VVN       to NP NP    , nns       md     

instantly
---------
rb       
]
[POS annotation set (6654411) PENN in sentence 4155308:

have arisen about a  possible al Qaeda plot that involved 
---- ------ ----- -  -------- -- ----- ---- ---- -------- 
VHP  VVN    in    dt jj       NP NP    nn   wdt  VVD      

piloting airliners , a 
-------- --------- - - 
nn       nns       , dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654412) PENN in sentence 4155309:

possibility that had never been seriously analyzed by the 
----------- ---- --- ----- ---- --------- -------- -- --- 
nn          wdt  VHD rb    VBN  rb        VVN      in dt  

intelligence community .   
------------ --------- -   
nn           nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654413) PENN in sentence 4155310:

The FBI agent who handled the case in conjunction with the INS 
--- --- ----- --- ------- --- ---- -- ----------- ---- --- --- 
dt  NP  nn    wp  VVD     dt  nn   in nn          in   dt  NP  

representative on the
-------------- -- ---
nn             in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654414) PENN in sentence 4155311:

Minneapolis Joint Terrorism Task Force suspected that    
----------- ----- --------- ---- ----- --------- ----    
NP          NP    NP        NP   NP    VVD       IN/that 

Moussaoui might be planning to
--------- ----- -- -------- --
NP        md    vb VVG      to
]
[POS annotation set (6654415) PENN in sentence 4155312:

hijack a  plane .   
------ -  ----- -   
VV     dt nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654416) PENN in sentence 4155313:

Minneapolis and FBI headquarters debated whether Moussaoui should
----------- --- --- ------------ ------- ------- --------- ------
NP          cc  NP  nns          VVN     in      NP        md    

 be
 --
 vb
]
[POS annotation set (6654417) PENN in sentence 4155314:

arrested immediately or surveilled to obtain additional 
-------- ----------- -- ---------- -- ------ ---------- 
VVN      rb          cc VVD        to VV     jj         

information .   
----------- -   
nn          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654418) PENN in sentence 4155315:

Because it was
------- -- ---
in      PP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654419) PENN in sentence 4155316:

not clear whether Moussaoui could be imprisoned , the FBI case 
--- ----- ------- --------- ----- -- ---------- - --- --- ---- 
rb  jj    in      NP        md    vb VVN        , dt  NP  nn   

agent decided the most
----- ------- --- ----
nn    VVD     dt  jjs 
]
[POS annotation set (6654420) PENN in sentence 4155317:

important thing was to prevent Moussaoui from obtaining any 
--------- ----- --- -- ------- --------- ---- --------- --- 
jj        nn    VBD to VV      NP        in   VVG       dt  

further training that    he
------- -------- ----    --
jjr     nn       IN/that PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654421) PENN in sentence 4155318:

could use to carry out a  potential attack .   
----- --- -- ----- --- -  --------- ------ -   
md    VV  to VV    rp  dt jj        nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654422) PENN in sentence 4155319:

As a  French national who had overstayed his visa , Moussaoui 
-- -  ------ -------- --- --- ---------- --- ---- - --------- 
in dt jj     jj       wp  VHD VVN        PP$ nn   , NP        

could be detained
----- -- --------
md    vb VVN     
]
[POS annotation set (6654423) PENN in sentence 4155320:

immediately .   
----------- -   
rb          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654424) PENN in sentence 4155321:

The INS arrested Moussaoui on the immigration violation .   
--- --- -------- --------- -- --- ----------- --------- -   
dt  NP  VVN      NP        in dt  nn          nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654425) PENN in sentence 4155322:

A  deportation
-  -----------
dt nn         
]
[POS annotation set (6654426) PENN in sentence 4155323:

order was signed on August 17, 2001 .   
----- --- ------ -- ------ --- ---- -   
nn    VBD VVN    in NP     cd  cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654427) PENN in sentence 4155324:

The agents in Minnesota were concerned that    the U.S. 
--- ------ -- --------- ---- --------- ----    --- ---- 
dt  nns    in NP        VBD  VVN       IN/that dt  NP   

Attorney's Office in Minneapolis
---------- ------ -- -----------
NP         NP     in NP         
]
[POS annotation set (6654428) PENN in sentence 4155325:

would find insufficient probable cause of a  crime to obtain a  
----- ---- ------------ -------- ----- -- -  ----- -- ------ -  
md    VV   jj           jj       nn    in dt nn    to VV     dt 

criminal warrant to
-------- ------- --
jj       nn      to
]
[POS annotation set (6654429) PENN in sentence 4155326:

search Moussaoui 's  laptop computer .   
------ --------- --  ------ -------- -   
VV     NP        POS jj     nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654430) PENN in sentence 4155327:

Agents at FBI headquarters believed there was insufficient 
------ -- --- ------------ -------- ----- --- ------------ 
nns    in NP  nns          VVD      ex    VBD jj           

probable cause .   
-------- ----- -   
jj       nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654431) PENN in sentence 4155328:

Minneapolis therefore sought a  special warrant under the Foreign
----------- --------- ------ -  ------- ------- ----- --- -------
NP          rb        VVD    dt jj      nn      in    dt  NP     

 Intelligence
 ------------
 NP          
]
[POS annotation set (6654432) PENN in sentence 4155329:

Surveillance Act to conduct the search ( we introduced FISA in 
------------ --- -- ------- --- ------ - -- ---------- ---- -- 
nn           NP  to VV      dt  nn     ( PP VVD        NP   in 

chapter 3  ) .   
------- -  - -   
nn      cd ) sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654433) PENN in sentence 4155330:

To do so , however , the FBI needed to demonstrate probable cause
-- -- -- - ------- - --- --- ------ -- ----------- -------- -----
to VV rb , rb      , dt  NP  VVD    to VV          jj       nn   

 that    Moussaoui was an
 ----    --------- --- --
 IN/that NP        VBD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654434) PENN in sentence 4155331:

agent of a  foreign power , a  demonstration that was not 
----- -- -  ------- ----- - -  ------------- ---- --- --- 
nn    in dt jj      nn    , dt nn            wdt  VBD rb  

required to obtain a  criminal
-------- -- ------ -  --------
VVN      to VV     dt jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6654435) PENN in sentence 4155332:

warrant but was a  statutory requirement for a  FISA warrant .   
------- --- --- -  --------- ----------- --- -  ---- ------- -   
nn      cc  VBD dt jj        nn          in  dt NP   nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654436) PENN in sentence 4155333:

The case agent did not have sufficient information to connect 
--- ---- ----- --- --- ---- ---------- ----------- -- ------- 
dt  nn   nn    VVD rb  VH   jj         nn          to VV      

Moussaoui to a  `` foreign
--------- -- -  -- -------
NP        to dt `` jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6654437) PENN in sentence 4155334:

power , '' so he reached out for help , in the United States and 
----- - -- -- -- ------- --- --- ---- - -- --- ------ ------ --- 
nn    , '' rb PP VVD     rp  in  nn   , in dt  NP     NPS    cc  

overseas .   
-------- -   
jj       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654438) PENN in sentence 4155335:

The FBI agent 's  August 18 message requested assistance from the
--- --- ----- --  ------ -- ------- --------- ---------- ---- ---
dt  NP  nn    POS NP     cd nn      VVD       nn         in   dt 

 FBI legal attach� in
 --- ----- ------- --
 NP  jj    nn      in
]
[POS annotation set (6654439) PENN in sentence 4155336:

Paris .   
----- -   
NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654440) PENN in sentence 4155337:

Moussaoui had lived in London , so the Minneapolis agent sought 
--------- --- ----- -- ------ - -- --- ----------- ----- ------ 
NP        VHD VVN   in NP     , in dt  NP          nn    VVD    

assistance
----------
nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6654441) PENN in sentence 4155338:

from the legal attach� there as well .   
---- --- ----- ------- ----- -- ---- -   
in   dt  jj    nn      rb    rb rb   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654442) PENN in sentence 4155339:

By August 24 , the Minneapolis agent had also
-- ------ -- - --- ----------- ----- --- ----
in NP     cd , dt  NP          nn    VHD rb  
]
[POS annotation set (6654443) PENN in sentence 4155340:

contacted an FBI detailee and a  CIA desk officer at the 
--------- -- --- -------- --- -  --- ---- ------- -- --- 
VVN       dt NP  nn       cc  dt NP  nn   nn      in dt  

Counterterrorist Center
---------------- ------
NP               NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654444) PENN in sentence 4155341:

about the case .   
----- --- ---- -   
in    dt  nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654445) PENN in sentence 4155342:

The FBI legal attach� 's  office in Paris first contacted the 
--- --- ----- ------- --  ------ -- ----- ----- --------- --- 
dt  NP  jj    nn      POS nn     in NP    rb    VVD       dt  

French government on
------ ---------- --
jj     nn         in
]
[POS annotation set (6654446) PENN in sentence 4155343:

August 16 or 17 , shortly after speaking to the Minneapolis case 
------ -- -- -- - ------- ----- -------- -- --- ----------- ---- 
NP     cd cc cd , rb      in    VVG      to dt  NP          nn   

agent on the
----- -- ---
nn    in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654447) PENN in sentence 4155344:

telephone .   
--------- -   
nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654448) PENN in sentence 4155345:

On August 22 and 27 , the French provided information that made 
-- ------ -- --- -- - --- ------ -------- ----------- ---- ---- 
in NP     cd cc  cd , dt  jj     VVN      nn          wdt  VVD  

a 
- 
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654449) PENN in sentence 4155346:

connection between Moussaoui and a  rebel leader in Chechnya , 
---------- ------- --------- --- -  ----- ------ -- -------- - 
nn         in      NP        cc  dt jj    nn     in NP       , 

Ibn al Khattab .   
--- -- ------- -   
NP  NP NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654450) PENN in sentence 4155347:

This
----
dt  
]
[POS annotation set (6654451) PENN in sentence 4155348:

set off a  spirited debate between the Minneapolis Field Office ,
--- --- -  -------- ------ ------- --- ----------- ----- ------ -
VVN in  dt jj       nn     in      dt  NP          NP    NP     ,

 FBI headquarters,
 --- -------------
 NP  NP           
]
[POS annotation set (6654452) PENN in sentence 4155349:

and the CIA as to whether the Chechen rebels and Khattab were 
--- --- --- -- -- ------- --- ------- ------ --- ------- ---- 
cc  dt  NP  in to in      dt  NP      nns    cc  NP      VBD  

sufficiently
------------
rb          
]
[POS annotation set (6654453) PENN in sentence 4155350:

associated with a  terrorist organization to constitute a  `` 
---------- ---- -  --------- ------------ -- ---------- -  -- 
VVN        in   dt jj        nn           to VV         dt `` 

foreign power '' for
------- ----- -- ---
jj      nn    '' in 
]
[POS annotation set (6654454) PENN in sentence 4155351:

purposes of the FISA statute .   
-------- -- --- ---- ------- -   
nns      in dt  NP   nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654455) PENN in sentence 4155352:

FBI headquarters did not believe this was good enough,
--- ------------ --- --- ------- ---- --- ---- -------
NP  nns          VVD rb  VV      dt   VBD jj   NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6654456) PENN in sentence 4155353:

and its National Security Law Unit declined to submit a  FISA 
--- --- -------- -------- --- ---- -------- -- ------ -  ---- 
cc  PP$ NP       NP       NP  NP   VVD      to VV     dt NP   

application .   
----------- -   
nn          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654457) PENN in sentence 4155354:

After receiving the written request for assistance , the legal 
----- --------- --- ------- ------- --- ---------- - --- ----- 
in    VVG       dt  jj      nn      in  nn         , dt  jj    

attach� in London had
------- -- ------ ---
nn      in NP     VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654458) PENN in sentence 4155355:

promptly forwarded it to his counterparts in the British 
-------- --------- -- -- --- ------------ -- --- ------- 
rb       VVD       PP to PP$ nns          in dt  jj      

government , hand-delivering
---------- - ---------------
nn         , VVG            
]
[POS annotation set (6654459) PENN in sentence 4155356:

the request on August 21 .   
--- ------- -- ------ -- -   
dt  nn      in NP     cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654460) PENN in sentence 4155357:

On August 24 , the CIA also sent a  cable to London and
-- ------ -- - --- --- ---- ---- -  ----- -- ------ ---
in NP     cd , dt  NP  rb   VVD  dt nn    to NP     cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6654461) PENN in sentence 4155358:

Paris regarding `` subjects involved in suspicious 747 flight 
----- --------- -- -------- -------- -- ---------- --- ------ 
NP    VVG       `` nns      VVN      in jj         NP  nn     

training '' that described
-------- -- ---- ---------
nn       '' wdt  VVD      
]
[POS annotation set (6654462) PENN in sentence 4155359:

Moussaoui as a  possible `` suicide hijacker .    ''
--------- -- -  -------- -- ------- -------- -    --
nns       in dt jj       `` nn      nn       sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654463) PENN in sentence 4155360:

On August 28 , the CIA sent a  request for
-- ------ -- - --- --- ---- -  ------- ---
in NP     cd , dt  NP  VVD  dt nn      in 
]
[POS annotation set (6654464) PENN in sentence 4155361:

information to a  different service of the British government ; 
----------- -- -  --------- ------- -- --- ------- ---------- - 
nn          to dt jj        nn      in dt  jj      nn         : 

this communication
---- -------------
dt   nn           
]
[POS annotation set (6654465) PENN in sentence 4155362:

warned that    Moussaoui might be expelled to Britain by the end 
------ ----    --------- ----- -- -------- -- ------- -- --- --- 
VVD    IN/that NP        md    vb VVN      to NP      in dt  nn  

of August .   
-- ------ -   
in NP     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654466) PENN in sentence 4155363:

The FBI
--- ---
dt  NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654467) PENN in sentence 4155364:

office in London raised the matter briefly with British officials
------ -- ------ ------ --- ------ ------- ---- ------- ---------
nn     in NP     VVD    dt  nn     nn      in   jj      nns      

 as an aside , after
 -- -- ----- - -----
 in dt rb    , in   
]
[POS annotation set (6654468) PENN in sentence 4155365:

a  meeting about a  more urgent matter on September 3  , and sent
-  ------- ----- -  ---- ------ ------ -- --------- -  - --- ----
dt nn      in    dt rbr  jj     nn     in NP        cd , cc  VVD 

 the British service a 
 --- ------- ------- - 
 dt  jj      nn      dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654469) PENN in sentence 4155366:

written update on September 5  .   
------- ------ -- --------- -  -   
VVN     nn     in NP        cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654470) PENN in sentence 4155367:

The case was not handled by the British as a  priority
--- ---- --- --- ------- -- --- ------- -- -  --------
dt  nn   VBD rb  VVN     in dt  jj      in dt nn      
]
[POS annotation set (6654471) PENN in sentence 4155368:

amid a  large number of other terrorist-related inquiries .   
---- -  ----- ------ -- ----- ----------------- --------- -   
in   dt jj    nn     in jj    jj                nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654472) PENN in sentence 4155369:

On September 4  , the FBI sent a  teletype to the CIA , the FAA ,
-- --------- -  - --- --- ---- -  -------- -- --- --- - --- --- -
in NP        cd , dt  NP  VVD  dt nn       to dt  NP  , dt  NP  ,

 the Customs Service , the
 --- ------- ------- - ---
 dt  NP      NP      , dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654473) PENN in sentence 4155370:

State Department , the INS , and the Secret Service summarizing 
----- ---------- - --- --- - --- --- ------ ------- ----------- 
NP    NP         , dt  NP  , cc  dt  jj     nn      VVG         

the known facts
--- ----- -----
dt  VVN   nns  
]
[POS annotation set (6654474) PENN in sentence 4155371:

regarding Moussaoui .   
--------- --------- -   
VVG       NP        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654475) PENN in sentence 4155372:

It did not report the case agent 's  personal assessment that   
-- --- --- ------ --- ---- ----- --  -------- ---------- ----   
PP VVD rb  VV     dt  nn   nn    POS jj       nn         IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654476) PENN in sentence 4155373:

Moussaoui planned to hijack an airplane .   
--------- ------- -- ------ -- -------- -   
NP        VVD     to VV     dt nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654477) PENN in sentence 4155374:

It did contain the FAA 's  comment that    it
-- --- ------- --- --- --  ------- ----    --
PP VVD VV      dt  NP  POS nn      IN/that PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654478) PENN in sentence 4155375:

was not unusual for Middle Easterners to attend flight training 
--- --- ------- --- ------ ---------- -- ------ ------ -------- 
VBD rb  jj      in  jj     nns        to VV     nn     nn       

schools in the
------- -- ---
nns     in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654479) PENN in sentence 4155376:

United States .   
------ ------ -   
NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654480) PENN in sentence 4155377:

Although the Minneapolis agents wanted to tell the FAA from the 
-------- --- ----------- ------ ------ -- ---- --- --- ---- --- 
in       dt  NP          nns    VVD    to VV   dt  NP  in   dt  

beginning about
--------- -----
nn        in   
]
[POS annotation set (6654481) PENN in sentence 4155378:

Moussaoui , FBI headquarters instructed Minneapolis that    it 
--------- - --- ------------ ---------- ----------- ----    -- 
NP        , NP  nns          VVD        NP          IN/that PP 

could not share the more
----- --- ----- --- ----
md    rb  VV    dt  jjr 
]
[POS annotation set (6654482) PENN in sentence 4155379:

complete report the case agent had prepared for the FAA .   
-------- ------ --- ---- ----- --- -------- --- --- --- -   
jj       nn     dt  nn   nn    VHD VVN      in  dt  NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654483) PENN in sentence 4155380:

The Minneapolis supervisor
--- ----------- ----------
dt  NP          nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6654484) PENN in sentence 4155381:

sent the case agent in person to the local FAA office to fill in 
---- --- ---- ----- -- ------ -- --- ----- --- ------ -- ---- -- 
VVN  dt  nn   nn    in nn     to dt  jj    NP  nn     to VV   in 

what he thought
---- -- -------
wp   PP VVD    
]
[POS annotation set (6654485) PENN in sentence 4155382:

were gaps in the FBI headquarters teletype .   
---- ---- -- --- --- ------------ -------- -   
VBD  nns  in dt  NP  nn           nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654486) PENN in sentence 4155383:

No FAA actions seem to have been taken in response .   
-- --- ------- ---- -- ---- ---- ----- -- -------- -   
dt NP  nns     VVP  to VH   VBN  VVN   in nn       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654487) PENN in sentence 4155384:

There was substantial disagreement between Minneapolis agents and
----- --- ----------- ------------ ------- ----------- ------ ---
ex    VBD jj          nn           in      NP          nns    cc 

 FBI headquarters as
 --- ------------ --
 NP  nn           in
]
[POS annotation set (6654488) PENN in sentence 4155385:

to what Moussaoui was planning to do .   
-- ---- --------- --- -------- -- -- -   
to wp   NP        VBD VVG      to VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654489) PENN in sentence 4155386:

In one conversation between a  Minneapolis
-- --- ------------ ------- -  -----------
in cd  nn           in      dt NP         
]
[POS annotation set (6654490) PENN in sentence 4155387:

supervisor and a  headquarters agent , the latter complained 
---------- --- -  ------------ ----- - --- ------ ---------- 
nn         cc  dt nn           nn    , dt  nn     VVD        

that    Minneapolis 's  FISA
----    ----------- --  ----
IN/that NP          POS NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654491) PENN in sentence 4155388:

request was couched in a  manner intended to get people `` spun 
------- --- ------- -- -  ------ -------- -- --- ------ -- ---- 
nn      VBD VVN     in dt nn     VVD      to VV  nns    `` VVN  

up .    ''
-- -    --
rp sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654492) PENN in sentence 4155389:

The supervisor
--- ----------
dt  nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6654493) PENN in sentence 4155390:

replied that was precisely his intent .   
------- ---- --- --------- --- ------ -   
VVD     dt   VBD rb        PP$ nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654494) PENN in sentence 4155391:

He said he was `` trying to keep someone from
-- ---- -- --- -- ------ -- ---- ------- ----
PP VVD  PP VBD `` VVG    to VV   nn      in  
]
[POS annotation set (6654495) PENN in sentence 4155392:

taking a  plane and crashing into the World Trade Center .    ''
------ -  ----- --- -------- ---- --- ----- ----- ------ -    --
VVG    dt nn    cc  VVG      in   dt  NP    NP    NP     sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654496) PENN in sentence 4155393:

The headquarters agent
--- ------------ -----
dt  nn           nn   
]
[POS annotation set (6654497) PENN in sentence 4155394:

replied that    this was not going to happen and that    they did
------- ----    ---- --- --- ----- -- ------ --- ----    ---- ---
VVD     IN/that dt   VBD rb  VVG   to VV     cc  IN/that PP   VVD

 not know if Moussaoui
 --- ---- -- ---------
 rb  VV   in NP       
]
[POS annotation set (6654498) PENN in sentence 4155395:

was a  terrorist .   
--- -  --------- -   
VBD dt nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654499) PENN in sentence 4155396:

There is  no evidence that    either FBI Acting Director Pickard 
----- --  -- -------- ----    ------ --- ------ -------- ------- 
ex    VBZ dt nn       IN/that dt     NP  NP     NP       NP      

or Assistant Director
-- --------- --------
cc NP        NP      
]
[POS annotation set (6654500) PENN in sentence 4155397:

for Counterterrorism Dale Watson was briefed on the Moussaoui 
--- ---------------- ---- ------ --- ------- -- --- --------- 
in  NP               NP   NP     VBD VVN     in dt  NP        

case prior to 9/11 .   
---- ----- -- ---- -   
nn   rb    to cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654501) PENN in sentence 4155398:

Michael Rolince , the FBI assistant director heading the Bureau 
------- ------- - --- --- --------- -------- ------- --- ------ 
NP      NP      , dt  NP  jj        nn       VVG     dt  NP     

's 
-- 
POS
]
[POS annotation set (6654502) PENN in sentence 4155399:

InternationalTerrorism Operations Section ( ITOS ) , recalled 
---------------------- ---------- ------- - ---- - - -------- 
NP                     NP         NP      ( NP   ) , VVN      

being told about
----- ---- -----
VBG   VVN  in   
]
[POS annotation set (6654503) PENN in sentence 4155400:

Moussaoui in two passing hallway conversations but only in the 
--------- -- --- ------- ------- ------------- --- ---- -- --- 
nns       in cd  VVG     nn      nns           cc  rb   in dt  

context that    he might
------- ----    -- -----
nn      IN/that PP md   
]
[POS annotation set (6654504) PENN in sentence 4155401:

be receiving telephone calls from Minneapolis complaining about 
-- --------- --------- ----- ---- ----------- ----------- ----- 
vb VVG       nn        nns   in   nns         VVG         in    

how headquarters was
--- ------------ ---
wrb nns          VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654505) PENN in sentence 4155402:

handling the matter .   
-------- --- ------ -   
VVG      dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654506) PENN in sentence 4155403:

He never received such a  call .   
-- ----- -------- ---- -  ---- -   
PP rb    VVD      pdt  dt nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654507) PENN in sentence 4155404:

Although the acting special
-------- --- ------ -------
in       dt  jj     jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6654508) PENN in sentence 4155405:

agent in charge of Minneapolis called the ITOS supervisors to 
----- -- ------ -- ----------- ------ --- ---- ----------- -- 
nn    in nn     in NP          VVD    dt  NP   nns         to 

discuss the Moussaoui
------- --- ---------
VV      dt  NP       
]
[POS annotation set (6654509) PENN in sentence 4155406:

case on August 27 , he declined to go up the chain of command at 
---- -- ------ -- - -- -------- -- -- -- --- ----- -- ------- -- 
nn   in NP     cd , PP VVD      to VV rp dt  nn    in nn      in 

FBI headquarters and
--- ------------ ---
NP  nn           cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6654510) PENN in sentence 4155407:

call Rolince .   
---- ------- -   
nn   nn      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654511) PENN in sentence 4155408:

On August 23 , DCI Tenet was briefed about the Moussaoui case in 
-- ------ -- - --- ----- --- ------- ----- --- --------- ---- -- 
in NP     cd , NP  NP    VBD VVN     in    dt  NP        nn   in 

a  briefing titled
-  -------- ------
dt nn       VVN   
]
[POS annotation set (6654512) PENN in sentence 4155409:

'' Islamic Extremist Learns to Fly .    ''
-- ------- --------- ------ -- --- -    --
'' NP      NP        NP     to NP  sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654513) PENN in sentence 4155410:

Tenet was also told
----- --- ---- ----
nn    VBD rb   VVN 
]
[POS annotation set (6654514) PENN in sentence 4155411:

that Moussaoui wanted to learn to fly a  747 , paid for his 
---- --------- ------ -- ----- -- --- -  --- - ---- --- --- 
dt   NP        VVD    to VV    to VV  dt NP  , VVN  in  PP$ 

training in cash , was
-------- -- ---- - ---
nn       in nn   , VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654515) PENN in sentence 4155412:

interested to learn the doors do  not open in flight , and wanted
---------- -- ----- --- ----- --  --- ---- -- ------ - --- ------
jj         to VV    dt  nns   VVP rb  VV   in nn     , cc  VVD   

 to fly a  simulated
 -- --- -  ---------
 to VV  dt jj       
]
[POS annotation set (6654516) PENN in sentence 4155413:

flight from London to New York .   
------ ---- ------ -- --- ---- -   
nn     in   NP     to NP  NP   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654517) PENN in sentence 4155414:

He was told that    the FBI had arrested Moussaoui
-- --- ---- ----    --- --- --- -------- ---------
PP VBD VVN  IN/that dt  NP  VHD VVN      NP       
]
[POS annotation set (6654518) PENN in sentence 4155415:

because of a  visa overstay and that    the CIA was working the 
------- -- -  ---- -------- --- ----    --- --- --- ------- --- 
in      in dt nn   VVP      cc  IN/that dt  NP  VBD VVG     dt  

case with the FBI .   
---- ---- --- --- -   
nn   in   dt  NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654519) PENN in sentence 4155416:

Tenet
-----
nn   
]
[POS annotation set (6654520) PENN in sentence 4155417:

told us that    no connection to al Qaeda was apparent to him at 
---- -- ----    -- ---------- -- -- ----- --- -------- -- --- -- 
VVD  PP IN/that dt nn         to NP NP    VBD jj       to PP  in 

the time .   
--- ---- -   
dt  nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654521) PENN in sentence 4155418:

Seeing it as
------ -- --
VVG    PP in
]
[POS annotation set (6654522) PENN in sentence 4155419:

an FBI case , he did not discuss the matter with anyone at the 
-- --- ---- - -- --- --- ------- --- ------ ---- ------ -- --- 
dt NP  nn   , PP VVD rb  VV      dt  nn     in   nn     in dt  

White House or the
----- ----- -- ---
NP    NP    cc dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654523) PENN in sentence 4155420:

FBI .   
--- -   
NP  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654524) PENN in sentence 4155421:

No connection was made between Moussaoui 's  presence in the 
-- ---------- --- ---- ------- --------- --  -------- -- --- 
dt nn         VBD VVN  in      NP        POS nn       in dt  

United States and
------ ------ ---
NP     NPS    cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6654525) PENN in sentence 4155422:

the threat reporting during the summer of 2001 .   
--- ------ --------- ------ --- ------ -- ---- -   
dt  nn     VVG       in     dt  nn     in cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654526) PENN in sentence 4155423:

On September 11 , after the attacks , the FBI office in London 
-- --------- -- - ----- --- ------- - --- --- ------ -- ------ 
in NP        cd , in    dt  nns     , dt  NP  nn     in NP     

renewed their appeal for
------- ----- ------ ---
VVD     PP$   nn     in 
]
[POS annotation set (6654527) PENN in sentence 4155424:

information about Moussaoui .   
----------- ----- --------- -   
nn          in    NP        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654528) PENN in sentence 4155425:

In response to U.S. requests , the British government
-- -------- -- ---- -------- - --- ------- ----------
in nn       to NP   nns      , dt  jj      nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6654529) PENN in sentence 4155426:

supplied some basic biographical information about Moussaoui .   
-------- ---- ----- ------------ ----------- ----- --------- -   
VVN      dt   jj    jj           nn          in    NP        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654530) PENN in sentence 4155427:

The British government
--- ------- ----------
dt  jj      nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6654531) PENN in sentence 4155428:

informed us that    it also immediately tasked intelligence 
-------- -- ----    -- ---- ----------- ------ ------------ 
VVD      PP IN/that PP rb   rb          VVN    nn           

collection facilities for
---------- ---------- ---
nn         nns        in 
]
[POS annotation set (6654532) PENN in sentence 4155429:

information about Moussaoui .   
----------- ----- --------- -   
nn          in    NP        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654533) PENN in sentence 4155430:

On September 13 , the British government received new,
-- --------- -- - --- ------- ---------- -------- ----
in NP        cd , dt  jj      nn         VVN      NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654534) PENN in sentence 4155431:

sensitive intelligence that    Moussaoui had attended an al Qaeda
--------- ------------ ----    --------- --- -------- -- -- -----
jj        nn           IN/that NP        VHD VVN      dt NP NP   

 training camp in
 -------- ---- --
 nn       nn   in
]
[POS annotation set (6654535) PENN in sentence 4155432:

Afghanistan .   
----------- -   
NP          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654536) PENN in sentence 4155433:

It passed this intelligence to the United States on the same day 
-- ------ ---- ------------ -- --- ------ ------ -- --- ---- --- 
PP VVD    dt   nn           to dt  NP     NPS    in dt  jj   nn  

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654537) PENN in sentence 4155434:

Had
---
VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654538) PENN in sentence 4155435:

this information been available in late August 2001 , the 
---- ----------- ---- --------- -- ---- ------ ---- - --- 
dt   nn          VBN  jj        in jj   NP     cd   , dt  

Moussaoui case would almost
--------- ---- ----- ------
NP        nn   md    rb    
]
[POS annotation set (6654539) PENN in sentence 4155436:

certainly have received intense , high-level attention .   
--------- ---- -------- ------- - ---------- --------- -   
rb        VHP  VVN      jj      , jj         nn        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654540) PENN in sentence 4155437:

The FBI also learned after 9/11 that    the millennium terrorist 
--- --- ---- ------- ----- ---- ----    --- ---------- --------- 
dt  NP  rb   VVD     in    cd   IN/that dt  nn         jj        

Ressam , who by 2001 was
------ - --- -- ---- ---
NP     , wp  in cd   VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654541) PENN in sentence 4155438:

cooperating with investigators , recognized Moussaoui as someone 
----------- ---- ------------- - ---------- --------- -- ------- 
VVG         in   nns           , VVN        NP        in nn      

who had been in the
--- --- ---- -- ---
wp  VHD VBN  in dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654542) PENN in sentence 4155439:

Afghan camps .   
------ ----- -   
jj     nns   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654543) PENN in sentence 4155440:

As mentioned above , before 9/11 the FBI agents in Minneapolis 
-- --------- ----- - ------ ---- --- --- ------ -- ----------- 
in VVN       in    , in     cd   dt  NP  nns    in NP          

had failed to persuade
--- ------ -- --------
VHD VVN    to VV      
]
[POS annotation set (6654544) PENN in sentence 4155441:

supervisors at headquarters that    there was enough evidence to 
----------- -- ------------ ----    ----- --- ------ -------- -- 
nns         in nns          IN/that ex    VBD jj     nn       to 

seek a  FISA warrant to
---- -  ---- ------- --
VV   dt NP   nn      to
]
[POS annotation set (6654545) PENN in sentence 4155442:

search Moussaoui 's  computer hard drive and belongings .   
------ --------- --  -------- ---- ----- --- ---------- -   
VV     NP        POS nn       jj   nn    cc  nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654546) PENN in sentence 4155443:

Either the British
------ --- -------
cc     dt  jj     
]
[POS annotation set (6654547) PENN in sentence 4155444:

information or the Ressam identification would have broken the 
----------- -- --- ------ -------------- ----- ---- ------ --- 
nn          cc dt  NP     nn             md    VH   VVN    dt  

logjam .   
------ -   
nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654548) PENN in sentence 4155445:

A  maximum U.S. effort to investigate Moussaoui conceivably could
-  ------- ---- ------ -- ----------- --------- ----------- -----
dt jj      NP   nn     to VV          NP        rb          md   

 have unearthed his
 ---- --------- ---
 VH   VVN       PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6654549) PENN in sentence 4155446:

connections to Binalshibh .   
----------- -- ---------- -   
nns         to NP         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654550) PENN in sentence 4155447:

Those connections might have brought investigators to the
----- ----------- ----- ---- ------- ------------- -- ---
dt    nns         md    VH   VVN     nns           to dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654551) PENN in sentence 4155448:

core of the 9/11 plot .   
---- -- --- ---- ---- -   
nn   in dt  cd   nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654552) PENN in sentence 4155449:

The Binalshibh connection was recognized shortly after 9/11,
--- ---------- ---------- --- ---------- ------- ----- -----
dt  NP         nn         VBD VVN        rb      in    cd   
]
[POS annotation set (6654553) PENN in sentence 4155450:

though it was not an easy trail to find .   
------ -- --- --- -- ---- ----- -- ---- -   
in     PP VBD rb  dt jj   nn    to VV   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654554) PENN in sentence 4155451:

Discovering it would have required quick
----------- -- ----- ---- -------- -----
VVG         PP md    VH   VVN      jj   
]
[POS annotation set (6654555) PENN in sentence 4155452:

and very substantial cooperation from the German government , 
--- ---- ----------- ----------- ---- --- ------ ---------- - 
cc  rb   jj          nn          in   dt  jj     nn         , 

which might well have
----- ----- ---- ----
wdt   md    rb   VH  
]
[POS annotation set (6654556) PENN in sentence 4155453:

been difficult to obtain .   
---- --------- -- ------ -   
VBN  jj        to VV     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654557) PENN in sentence 4155454:

However , publicity about Moussaoui 's  arrest and a  possible
------- - --------- ----- --------- --  ------ --- -  --------
rb      , nn        in    NP        POS nn     cc  dt jj      
]
[POS annotation set (6654558) PENN in sentence 4155455:

hijacking threat might have derailed the plot.107With time , the 
--------- ------ ----- ---- -------- --- ------------ ---- - --- 
VVG       nn     md    VH   VVN      dt  nn           nn   , dt  

search for Mihdhar
------ --- -------
nn     in  NP     
]
[POS annotation set (6654559) PENN in sentence 4155456:

and Hazmi and the investigation of Moussaoui might also have led 
--- ----- --- --- ------------- -- --------- ----- ---- ---- --- 
cc  NP    cc  dt  nn            in NP        md    rb   VH   VVN 

to a  breakthrough
-- -  ------------
to dt nn          
]
[POS annotation set (6654560) PENN in sentence 4155457:

that would have disrupted the plot .   
---- ----- ---- --------- --- ---- -   
dt   md    VH   VVN       dt  nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654561) PENN in sentence 4155458:

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
------ ------ --------
NP     NP     NP      
]
[POS annotation set (6654562) PENN in sentence 4155459:

Another late opportunity was presented by a  confluence of 
------- ---- ----------- --- --------- -- -  ---------- -- 
dt      jj   nn          VBD VVN       in dt nn         in 

information regarding
----------- ---------
nn          VVG      
]
[POS annotation set (6654563) PENN in sentence 4155460:

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed received by the intelligence community in 
------ ------ -------- -------- -- --- ------------ --------- -- 
NP     NP     NP       VVD      in dt  nn           nn        in 

the summer of 2001 .   
--- ------ -- ---- -   
dt  nn     in cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654564) PENN in sentence 4155461:

The possible links between KSM , Moussaoui , and an individual 
--- -------- ----- ------- --- - --------- - --- -- ---------- 
dt  jj       nns   in      NP  , NP        , cc  dt nn         

only later identified
---- ----- ----------
rb   rbr   VVN       
]
[POS annotation set (6654565) PENN in sentence 4155462:

as Ramzi Binalshibh would remain undiscovered , however .   
-- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------------ - ------- -   
in NP    NP         md    VV     jj           , rb      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654566) PENN in sentence 4155463:

Although we readily equate KSM with al Qaeda today , this was not
-------- -- ------- ------ --- ---- -- ----- ----- - ---- --- ---
in       PP rb      VV     nn  in   NP NP    nn    , dt   VBD rb 

 the case before
 --- ---- ------
 dt  nn   in    
]
[POS annotation set (6654567) PENN in sentence 4155464:

9/11 .   
---- -   
cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654568) PENN in sentence 4155465:

KSM , who had been indicted in January 1996 for his role in the 
--- - --- --- ---- -------- -- ------- ---- --- --- ---- -- --- 
NP  , wp  VHD VBN  VVN      in NP      cd   in  PP$ nn   in dt  

Manila air
------ ---
NP     nn 
]
[POS annotation set (6654569) PENN in sentence 4155466:

plot , was seen primarily as another freelance terrorist , 
---- - --- ---- --------- -- ------- --------- --------- - 
nn   , VBD VVN  rb        in dt      nn        nn        , 

associated with Ramzi
---------- ---- -----
VVN        in   NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654570) PENN in sentence 4155467:

Yousef .   
------ -   
NP     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654571) PENN in sentence 4155468:

Because the links between KSM and Bin Ladin or al Qaeda were not 
------- --- ----- ------- --- --- --- ----- -- -- ----- ---- --- 
in      dt  nns   in      NP  cc  NP  NP    cc NP NP    VBD  rb  

recognized
----------
VVN       
]
[POS annotation set (6654572) PENN in sentence 4155469:

at the time , responsibility for KSM remained in the small 
-- --- ---- - -------------- --- --- -------- -- --- ----- 
in dt  nn   , nn             in  NP  VVD      in dt  jj    

Islamic Extremist Branch
------- --------- ------
NP      NP        NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654573) PENN in sentence 4155470:

of the Counterterrorist Center , not in the Bin Ladin unit .   
-- --- ---------------- ------ - --- -- --- --- ----- ---- -   
in dt  NP               NP     , rb  in dt  NP  NP    nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654574) PENN in sentence 4155471:

Moreover , because KSM had already been indicted , he became 
-------- - ------- --- --- ------- ---- -------- - -- ------ 
rb       , in      NP  VHD rb      VBN  VVN      , PP VVD    

targeted for arrest .   
-------- --- ------ -   
VVN      in  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654575) PENN in sentence 4155472:

In
--
in
]
[POS annotation set (6654576) PENN in sentence 4155473:

1997 , the Counterterrorist Center added a  Renditions Branch to 
---- - --- ---------------- ------ ----- -  ---------- ------ -- 
cd   , dt  NP               NP     VVD   dt NP         NP     to 

help find wanted
---- ---- ------
VV   VV   VVD   
]
[POS annotation set (6654577) PENN in sentence 4155474:

fugitives .   
--------- -   
nns       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654578) PENN in sentence 4155475:

Responsibility for KSM was transferred to this branch , which 
-------------- --- --- --- ----------- -- ---- ------ - ----- 
nn             in  NP  VBD VVN         to dt   nn     , wdt   

gave the CIA
---- --- ---
VVD  dt  NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654579) PENN in sentence 4155476:

a  `` man-to-man '' focus but was not an analytical unit .   
-  -- ---------- -- ----- --- --- --- -- ---------- ---- -   
dt `` jj         '' nn    cc  VBD rb  dt jj         nn   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654580) PENN in sentence 4155477:

When subsequent information
---- ---------- -----------
wrb  jj         nn         
]
[POS annotation set (6654581) PENN in sentence 4155478:

came , more critical for analysis than for tracking , no unit had
---- - ---- -------- --- -------- ---- --- -------- - -- ---- ---
VVD  , rbr  jj       in  nn       in   in  nn       , dt nn   VHD

 the job of following
 --- --- -- ---------
 dt  nn  in VVG      
]
[POS annotation set (6654582) PENN in sentence 4155479:

up on what the information might mean .   
-- -- ---- --- ----------- ----- ---- -   
rb in wp   dt  nn          md    VV   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654583) PENN in sentence 4155480:

For example , in September 2000 , a  source had reported that    
--- ------- - -- --------- ---- - -  ------ --- -------- ----    
in  nn      , in NP        cd   , dt nn     VHD VVN      IN/that 

an individual named Khalid
-- ---------- ----- ------
dt nn         VVN   NP    
]
[POS annotation set (6654584) PENN in sentence 4155481:

al-Shaykh al-Ballushi was a  key lieutenant in al Qaeda .   
--------- ----------- --- -  --- ---------- -- -- ----- -   
NP        NP          VBD dt jj  nn         in NP NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654585) PENN in sentence 4155482:

Al- Ballushi means `` from
--- -------- ----- -- ----
NP  NP       VVZ   `` in  
]
[POS annotation set (6654586) PENN in sentence 4155483:

Baluchistan , '' and KSM is  from Baluchistan .   
----------- - -- --- --- --  ---- ----------- -   
NP          , '' cc  NP  VBZ in   NP          sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654587) PENN in sentence 4155484:

Recognizing the possible significance of
----------- --- -------- ------------ --
VVG         dt  jj       nn           in
]
[POS annotation set (6654588) PENN in sentence 4155485:

this information , the Bin Ladin unit sought more information 
---- ----------- - --- --- ----- ---- ------ ---- ----------- 
dt   nn          , dt  NP  NP    nn   VVD    jjr  nn          

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654589) PENN in sentence 4155486:

When no information
---- -- -----------
wrb  dt nn         
]
[POS annotation set (6654590) PENN in sentence 4155487:

was forthcoming , the Bin Ladin unit dropped the matter .   
--- ----------- - --- --- ----- ---- ------- --- ------ -   
VBD jj          , dt  NP  NP    nn   VVD     dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654591) PENN in sentence 4155488:

When additional pieces of the puzzle arrived in the spring and 
---- ---------- ------ -- --- ------ ------- -- --- ------ --- 
wrb  jj         nns    in dt  nn     VVD     in dt  nn     cc  

summer of 2001 , they
------ -- ---- - ----
nn     in cd   , PP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654592) PENN in sentence 4155489:

were not put together .   
---- --- --- -------- -   
VBD  rb  VVN rb       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654593) PENN in sentence 4155490:

The first piece of the puzzle concerned some intriguing 
--- ----- ----- -- --- ------ --------- ---- ---------- 
dt  jj    nn    in dt  nn     VVD       dt   jj         

information associated with a 
----------- ---------- ---- - 
nn          VVN        in   dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654594) PENN in sentence 4155491:

person known as `` Mukhtar '' that    the CIA had begun analyzing
------ ----- -- -- ------- -- ----    --- --- --- ----- ---------
nn     VVN   in `` NP      '' IN/that dt  NP  VHD VVN   VVG      

 in April 2001 .   
 -- ----- ---- -   
 in NP    cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654595) PENN in sentence 4155492:

The CIA
--- ---
dt  NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654596) PENN in sentence 4155493:

did not know who Mukhtar was at the time-only that    he 
--- --- ---- --- ------- --- -- --- --------- ----    -- 
VVD rb  VV   wp  NP      VBD in dt  nn        IN/that PP 

associated with al Qaeda
---------- ---- -- -----
VVN        in   NP NP   
]
[POS annotation set (6654597) PENN in sentence 4155494:

lieutenant Abu Zubaydah and that    , based on the nature of the 
---------- --- -------- --- ----    - ----- -- --- ------ -- --- 
nn         NP  NP       cc  IN/that , VVN   in dt  nn     in dt  

information , he was
----------- - -- ---
nn          , PP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654598) PENN in sentence 4155495:

evidently involved in planning possible terrorist activities .   
--------- -------- -- -------- -------- --------- ---------- -   
rb        VVN      in VVG      jj       jj        nns        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654599) PENN in sentence 4155496:

The second piece of the puzzle was some alarming information 
--- ------ ----- -- --- ------ --- ---- -------- ----------- 
dt  jj     nn    in dt  nn     VBD dt   jj       nn          

regarding KSM .   
--------- --- -   
VVG       nn  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654600) PENN in sentence 4155497:

On June
-- ----
in NP  
]
[POS annotation set (6654601) PENN in sentence 4155498:

12, 2001 , a  CIA report said that    `` Khaled '' was actively 
--- ---- - -  --- ------ ---- ----    -- ------ -- --- -------- 
cd  cd   , dt NP  nn     VVD  IN/that `` NP     '' VBD rb       

recruiting people to travel
---------- ------ -- ------
VVG        nns    to VV    
]
[POS annotation set (6654602) PENN in sentence 4155499:

outside Afghanistan , including to the United States where 
------- ----------- - --------- -- --- ------ ------ ----- 
in      NP          , VVG       to dt  NP     NPS    wrb   

colleagues were reportedly
---------- ---- ----------
nns        VBD  rb        
]
[POS annotation set (6654603) PENN in sentence 4155500:

already in the country to meet them , to carry out terrorist-
------- -- --- ------- -- ---- ---- - -- ----- --- ----------
rb      in dt  nn      to VV   PP   , to VV    rp  jj        

related activities for
------- ---------- ---
        nns        in 
]
[POS annotation set (6654604) PENN in sentence 4155501:

Bin Ladin .   
--- ----- -   
NP  NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654605) PENN in sentence 4155502:

CIA headquarters presumed from the details of the reporting 
--- ------------ -------- ---- --- ------- -- --- --------- 
NP  nns          VVN      in   dt  nns     in dt  nn        

that    this
----    ----
IN/that dt  
]
[POS annotation set (6654606) PENN in sentence 4155503:

person was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .   
------ --- ------ ------ -------- -   
nn     VBD NP     NP     NP       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654607) PENN in sentence 4155504:

In July , the same source was shown a  series of
-- ---- - --- ---- ------ --- ----- -  ------ --
in NP   , dt  jj   nn     VBD VVN   dt nn     in
]
[POS annotation set (6654608) PENN in sentence 4155505:

photographs and identified a  photograph of Khalid Sheikh 
----------- --- ---------- -  ---------- -- ------ ------ 
nns         cc  VVN        dt nn         in NP     NP     

Mohammed as the Khaled he
-------- -- --- ------ --
NP       in dt  NP     PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654609) PENN in sentence 4155506:

had previously discussed .   
--- ---------- --------- -   
VHD rb         VVN       sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654610) PENN in sentence 4155507:

The final piece of the puzzle arrived at the CIA 's  Bin Ladin 
--- ----- ----- -- --- ------ ------- -- --- --- --  --- ----- 
dt  jj    nn    in dt  nn     VVD     in dt  NP  POS NP  NP    

unit on August 28 in a 
---- -- ------ -- -- - 
nn   in NP     cd in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654611) PENN in sentence 4155508:

cable reporting that    KSM 's  nickname was Mukhtar .   
----- --------- ----    --- --  -------- --- ------- -   
nn    VVG       IN/that NP  POS nn       VBD NP      sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654612) PENN in sentence 4155509:

No one made the connection to the
-- --- ---- --- ---------- -- ---
dt cd  VVD  dt  nn         to dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654613) PENN in sentence 4155510:

reports about Mukhtar that had been circulated in the spring .   
------- ----- ------- ---- --- ---- ---------- -- --- ------ -   
nns     in    NP      wdt  VHD VBN  VVN        in dt  nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654614) PENN in sentence 4155511:

This connection might
---- ---------- -----
dt   nn         md   
]
[POS annotation set (6654615) PENN in sentence 4155512:

also have underscored concern about the June reporting that    
---- ---- ----------- ------- ----- --- ---- --------- ----    
rb   VHP  VVN         nn      in    dt  NP   nn        IN/that 

KSM was recruiting
--- --- ----------
NP  VBD VVG       
]
[POS annotation set (6654616) PENN in sentence 4155513:

terrorists to travel , including to the United States .   
---------- -- ------ - --------- -- --- ------ ------ -   
nns        to VV     , VVG       to dt  NP     NPS    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654617) PENN in sentence 4155514:

Only after 9/11 would it be
---- ----- ---- ----- -- --
rb   in    cd   md    PP vb
]
[POS annotation set (6654618) PENN in sentence 4155515:

discovered that    Muhktar/KSM had communicated with a  phone 
---------- ----    ----------- --- ------------ ---- -  ----- 
VVD        IN/that nn          VHD VVN          in   dt nn    

that was used by
---- --- ---- --
wdt  VBD VVN  in
]
[POS annotation set (6654619) PENN in sentence 4155516:

Binalshibh , and that    Binalshibh had used the same phone to 
---------- - --- ----    ---------- --- ---- --- ---- ----- -- 
NP         , cc  IN/that NP         VHD VVN  dt  jj   nn    to 

communicate with
----------- ----
VV          in  
]
[POS annotation set (6654620) PENN in sentence 4155517:

Moussaoui , as discussed in chapter 7  .   
--------- - -- --------- -- ------- -  -   
NP        , rb VVN       in nn      cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654621) PENN in sentence 4155518:

As in the Moussaoui situation already
-- -- --- --------- --------- -------
rb in dt  NP        nn        rb     
]
[POS annotation set (6654622) PENN in sentence 4155519:

described , the links to Binalshibh might not have been an easy 
--------- - --- ----- -- ---------- ----- --- ---- ---- -- ---- 
VVN       , dt  nns   to NP         md    rb  VH   VBN  dt jj   

trail to find and
----- -- ---- ---
nn    to VV   cc 
]
[POS annotation set (6654623) PENN in sentence 4155520:

would have required substantial cooperation from the German 
----- ---- -------- ----------- ----------- ---- --- ------ 
md    VH   VVN      jj          nn          in   dt  jj     

government .   
---------- -   
nn         sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654624) PENN in sentence 4155521:

But time was
--- ---- ---
cc  nn   VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654625) PENN in sentence 4155522:

short , and running out .   
----- - --- ------- --- -   
rb    , cc  VVG     rp  sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654626) PENN in sentence 4155523:

Time Runs Out
---- ---- ---
NP   NP   NP 
]
[POS annotation set (6654627) PENN in sentence 4155524:

As Tenet told us , `` the system was blinking red '' during the 
-- ----- ---- -- - -- --- ------ --- -------- --- -- ------ --- 
in NP    VVD  PP , `` dt  nn     VBD VVG      nn  '' in     dt  

summer of 2001 .   
------ -- ---- -   
nn     in cd   sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654628) PENN in sentence 4155525:

Officials
---------
nns      
]
[POS annotation set (6654629) PENN in sentence 4155526:

were alerted across the world .   
---- ------- ------ --- ----- -   
VBD  VVD     in     dt  nn    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654630) PENN in sentence 4155527:

Many were doing everything they possibly could to
---- ---- ----- ---------- ---- -------- ----- --
jj   VBD  VVG   nn         PP   rb       md    to
]
[POS annotation set (6654631) PENN in sentence 4155528:

respond to the threats .   
------- -- --- ------- -   
VV      to dt  nns     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654632) PENN in sentence 4155529:

Yet no one working on these late leads in the summer of 2001 
--- -- --- ------- -- ----- ---- ----- -- --- ------ -- ---- 
cc  dt cd  nn      in dt    jj   nns   in dt  nn     in cd   

connected the case in
--------- --- ---- --
VVN       dt  nn   in
]
[POS annotation set (6654633) PENN in sentence 4155530:

his or her in-box to the threat reports agitating senior 
--- -- --- ------ -- --- ------ ------- --------- ------ 
PP$ cc PP$ nn     to dt  nn     nns     VVG       jj     

officials and being briefed
--------- --- ----- -------
nns       cc  VBG   VVN    
]
[POS annotation set (6654634) PENN in sentence 4155531:

to the President .   
-- --- --------- -   
to dt  NP        sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654635) PENN in sentence 4155532:

Thus , these individual cases did not become national priorities 
---- - ----- ---------- ----- --- --- ------ -------- ---------- 
rb   , dt    jj         nns   VVD rb  VV     jj       nns        

.   
-   
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654636) PENN in sentence 4155533:

As the CIA supervisor `` John" told us , no one looked at the 
-- --- --- ---------- -- ----- ---- -- - -- --- ------ -- --- 
in dt  NP  nn         `` NP    VVD  PP , rb cd  VVN    in dt  

bigger picture ; no
------ ------- - --
jjr    nn      : dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654637) PENN in sentence 4155534:

analytic work foresaw the lightning that could connect the 
-------- ---- ------- --- --------- ---- ----- ------- --- 
jj       nn   VVD     dt  nn        wdt  md    VV      dt  

thundercloud to the
------------ -- ---
nn           to dt 
]
[POS annotation set (6654638) PENN in sentence 4155535:

ground .   
------ -   
nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654639) PENN in sentence 4155536:

We see little evidence that    the progress of the plot was 
-- --- ------ -------- ----    --- -------- -- --- ---- --- 
PP VVP jj     nn       IN/that dt  nn       in dt  nn   VBD 

disturbed by any government
--------- -- --- ----------
VVN       in dt  nn        
]
[POS annotation set (6654640) PENN in sentence 4155537:

action .   
------ -   
nn     sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654641) PENN in sentence 4155538:

The U.S. government was unable to capitalize on mistakes made by 
--- ---- ---------- --- ------ -- ---------- -- -------- ---- -- 
dt  NP   nn         VBD jj     to VV         in nns      VVN  in 

al Qaeda .   
-- ----- -   
NP NP    sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654642) PENN in sentence 4155539:

Time ran out .   
---- --- --- -   
nn   VVD rp  sent
]