In [2]:
#some help
!gsutil --help
Usage: gsutil [-D] [-DD] [-h header]... [-m] [-o] [-q] [command [opts...] args...]
Available commands:
acl Get, set, or change bucket and/or object ACLs
cat Concatenate object content to stdout
compose Concatenate a sequence of objects into a new composite object.
config Obtain credentials and create configuration file
cors Get or set a CORS JSON document for one or more buckets
cp Copy files and objects
defacl Get, set, or change default ACL on buckets
defstorageclass Get or set the default storage class on buckets
du Display object size usage
hash Calculate file hashes
help Get help about commands and topics
iam Get, set, or change bucket and/or object IAM permissions.
label Get, set, or change the label configuration of a bucket.
lifecycle Get or set lifecycle configuration for a bucket
logging Configure or retrieve logging on buckets
ls List providers, buckets, or objects
mb Make buckets
mv Move/rename objects and/or subdirectories
notification Configure object change notification
perfdiag Run performance diagnostic
rb Remove buckets
rewrite Rewrite objects
rm Remove objects
rsync Synchronize content of two buckets/directories
setmeta Set metadata on already uploaded objects
signurl Create a signed url
stat Display object status
test Run gsutil tests
update Update to the latest gsutil release
version Print version info about gsutil
versioning Enable or suspend versioning for one or more buckets
web Set a main page and/or error page for one or more buckets
Additional help topics:
acls Working With Access Control Lists
anon Accessing Public Data Without Credentials
apis Cloud Storage APIs
crc32c CRC32C and Installing crcmod
creds Credential Types Supporting Various Use Cases
csek Supplying Your Own Encryption Keys
dev Contributing Code to gsutil
encoding Filename encoding and interoperability problems
metadata Working With Object Metadata
naming Object and Bucket Naming
options Top-Level Command-Line Options
prod Scripting Production Transfers
projects Working With Projects
retries Retry Handling Strategy
security Security and Privacy Considerations
subdirs How Subdirectories Work
support Google Cloud Storage Support
throttling Throttling gsutil
versions Object Versioning and Concurrency Control
wildcards Wildcard Names
Use gsutil help <command or topic> for detailed help.
In [30]:
#list my buckets
#(projectId has been set in the gcloud config
# you can use the parameter -p projectId instead )
!gsutil ls
gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/
gs://billing-future-sonar-168815/
In [ ]:
#more details
!gsutil ls -L
In [35]:
#some help
!gsutil mb --help
NAME
mb - Make buckets
SYNOPSIS
gsutil mb [-c class] [-l location] [-p proj_id] url...
DESCRIPTION
The mb command creates a new bucket. Google Cloud Storage has a single
namespace, so you are not allowed to create a bucket with a name already
in use by another user. You can, however, carve out parts of the bucket name
space corresponding to your company's domain name (see "gsutil help naming").
If you don't specify a project ID using the -p option, the bucket is created
using the default project ID specified in your gsutil configuration file
(see "gsutil help config"). For more details about projects see "gsutil help
projects".
The -c and -l options specify the storage class and location, respectively,
for the bucket. Once a bucket is created in a given location and with a
given storage class, it cannot be moved to a different location, and the
storage class cannot be changed. Instead, you would need to create a new
bucket and move the data over and then delete the original bucket.
BUCKET STORAGE CLASSES
You can specify one of the `storage classes
<https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/storage-classes>`_ for a bucket
with the -c option.
Example:
gsutil mb -c nearline gs://some-bucket
See online documentation for
`pricing <https://cloud.google.com/storage/pricing>`_ and
`SLA <https://cloud.google.com/storage/sla>`_ details.
If you don't specify a -c option, the bucket is created with the
default storage class Standard Storage, which is equivalent to Multi-Regional
Storage or Regional Storage, depending on whether the bucket was created in
a multi-regional location or regional location, respectively.
BUCKET LOCATIONS
You can specify one of the 'available locations
<https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/bucket-locations>`_ for a bucket
with the -l option.
Examples:
gsutil mb -l asia gs://some-bucket
gsutil mb -c regional -l us-east1 gs://some-bucket
If you don't specify a -l option, the bucket is created in the default
location (US).
OPTIONS
-c class Specifies the default storage class. Default is "Standard".
-l location Can be any multi-regional or regional location. See
https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/storage-classes
for a discussion of this distinction. Default is US.
Locations are case insensitive.
-p proj_id Specifies the project ID under which to create the bucket.
-s class Same as -c.
In [36]:
#creating a new bucket class regional en region wurope-west2
!gsutil mb -c regional -l europe-west2 gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/
Creating gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/...
ServiceException: 409 Bucket a-brand-new-bucket-toto already exists.
In [37]:
#checking
!gsutil ls
gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/
gs://billing-future-sonar-168815/
In [8]:
#some help
!gsutil label --help
NAME
label - Get, set, or change the label configuration of a bucket.
SYNOPSIS
gsutil label set label-json-file url...
gsutil label get url
gsutil label ch <label_modifier>... url...
where each <label_modifier> is one of the following forms:
-l <key>:<value>
-d <key>
DESCRIPTION
Gets, sets, or changes the label configuration (also called the tagging
configuration by other storage providers) of one or more buckets. An example
label JSON document looks like the following:
{
"your_label_key": "your_label_value",
"your_other_label_key": "your_other_label_value"
}
The label command has three sub-commands:
GET
The "label get" command gets the
`labels <https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/key-terms#bucket-labels>`_
applied to a bucket, which you can save and edit for use with the "label set"
command.
SET
The "label set" command allows you to set the labels on one or more
buckets. You can retrieve a bucket's labels using the "label get" command,
save the output to a file, edit the file, and then use the "label set"
command to apply those labels to the specified bucket(s). For
example:
gsutil label get gs://bucket > labels.json
Make changes to labels.json, such as adding an additional label, then:
gsutil label set labels.json gs://example-bucket
Note that you can set these labels on multiple buckets at once:
gsutil label set labels.json gs://bucket-foo gs://bucket-bar
CH
The "label ch" command updates a bucket's label configuration, applying the
label changes specified by the -l and -d flags. You can specify multiple
label changes in a single command run; all changes will be made atomically to
each bucket.
CH EXAMPLES
Examples for "ch" sub-command:
Add the label "key-foo:value-bar" to the bucket "example-bucket":
gsutil label ch -l key-foo:value-bar gs://example-bucket
Change the above label to have a new value:
gsutil label ch -l key-foo:other-value gs://example-bucket
Add a new label and delete the old one from above:
gsutil label ch -l new-key:new-value -d key-foo gs://example-bucket
CH OPTIONS
The "ch" sub-command has the following options
-l Add or update a label with the specified key and value.
-d Remove the label with the specified key.
In [38]:
#setting label
!gsutil label ch -l env:test gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/
Setting label configuration on gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/...
In [39]:
#getting the labels
!gsutil label get gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/
{
"env": "test"
}
In [40]:
#what does the help say?
!gsutil cp --help
NAME
cp - Copy files and objects
SYNOPSIS
gsutil cp [OPTION]... src_url dst_url
gsutil cp [OPTION]... src_url... dst_url
gsutil cp [OPTION]... -I dst_url
DESCRIPTION
The gsutil cp command allows you to copy data between your local file
system and the cloud, copy data within the cloud, and copy data between
cloud storage providers. For example, to copy all text files from the
local directory to a bucket you could do:
gsutil cp *.txt gs://my-bucket
Similarly, you can download text files from a bucket by doing:
gsutil cp gs://my-bucket/*.txt .
If you want to copy an entire directory tree you need to use the -r option:
gsutil cp -r dir gs://my-bucket
If you have a large number of files to transfer you might want to use the
gsutil -m option, to perform a parallel (multi-threaded/multi-processing)
copy:
gsutil -m cp -r dir gs://my-bucket
You can pass a list of URLs (one per line) to copy on stdin instead of as
command line arguments by using the -I option. This allows you to use gsutil
in a pipeline to upload or download files / objects as generated by a program,
such as:
some_program | gsutil -m cp -I gs://my-bucket
or:
some_program | gsutil -m cp -I ./download_dir
The contents of stdin can name files, cloud URLs, and wildcards of files
and cloud URLs.
HOW NAMES ARE CONSTRUCTED
The gsutil cp command strives to name objects in a way consistent with how
Linux cp works, which causes names to be constructed in varying ways depending
on whether you're performing a recursive directory copy or copying
individually named objects; and whether you're copying to an existing or
non-existent directory.
When performing recursive directory copies, object names are constructed that
mirror the source directory structure starting at the point of recursive
processing. For example, if dir1/dir2 contains the file a/b/c then the
command:
gsutil cp -r dir1/dir2 gs://my-bucket
will create the object gs://my-bucket/dir2/a/b/c.
In contrast, copying individually named files will result in objects named by
the final path component of the source files. For example, again assuming
dir1/dir2 contains a/b/c, the command:
gsutil cp dir1/dir2/** gs://my-bucket
will create the object gs://my-bucket/c.
The same rules apply for downloads: recursive copies of buckets and
bucket subdirectories produce a mirrored filename structure, while copying
individually (or wildcard) named objects produce flatly named files.
Note that in the above example the '**' wildcard matches all names
anywhere under dir. The wildcard '*' will match names just one level deep. For
more details see "gsutil help wildcards".
There's an additional wrinkle when working with subdirectories: the resulting
names depend on whether the destination subdirectory exists. For example,
if gs://my-bucket/subdir exists as a subdirectory, the command:
gsutil cp -r dir1/dir2 gs://my-bucket/subdir
will create the object gs://my-bucket/subdir/dir2/a/b/c. In contrast, if
gs://my-bucket/subdir does not exist, this same gsutil cp command will create
the object gs://my-bucket/subdir/a/b/c.
Note: If you use the
`Google Cloud Platform Console <https://console.cloud.google.com>`_
to create folders, it does so by creating a "placeholder" object that ends
with a "/" character. gsutil skips these objects when downloading from the
cloud to the local file system, because attempting to create a file that
ends with a "/" is not allowed on Linux and MacOS. Because of this, it is
recommended that you not create objects that end with "/" (unless you don't
need to be able to download such objects using gsutil).
COPYING TO/FROM SUBDIRECTORIES; DISTRIBUTING TRANSFERS ACROSS MACHINES
You can use gsutil to copy to and from subdirectories by using a command
like:
gsutil cp -r dir gs://my-bucket/data
This will cause dir and all of its files and nested subdirectories to be
copied under the specified destination, resulting in objects with names like
gs://my-bucket/data/dir/a/b/c. Similarly you can download from bucket
subdirectories by using a command like:
gsutil cp -r gs://my-bucket/data dir
This will cause everything nested under gs://my-bucket/data to be downloaded
into dir, resulting in files with names like dir/data/a/b/c.
Copying subdirectories is useful if you want to add data to an existing
bucket directory structure over time. It's also useful if you want
to parallelize uploads and downloads across multiple machines (potentially
reducing overall transfer time compared with simply running gsutil -m
cp on one machine). For example, if your bucket contains this structure:
gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_01/
gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_02/
...
gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_99/
you could perform concurrent downloads across 3 machines by running these
commands on each machine, respectively:
gsutil -m cp -r gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_[0-3]* dir
gsutil -m cp -r gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_[4-6]* dir
gsutil -m cp -r gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_[7-9]* dir
Note that dir could be a local directory on each machine, or it could be a
directory mounted off of a shared file server; whether the latter performs
acceptably will depend on a number of factors, so we recommend experimenting
to find out what works best for your computing environment.
COPYING IN THE CLOUD AND METADATA PRESERVATION
If both the source and destination URL are cloud URLs from the same
provider, gsutil copies data "in the cloud" (i.e., without downloading
to and uploading from the machine where you run gsutil). In addition to
the performance and cost advantages of doing this, copying in the cloud
preserves metadata (like Content-Type and Cache-Control). In contrast,
when you download data from the cloud it ends up in a file, which has
no associated metadata. Thus, unless you have some way to hold on to
or re-create that metadata, downloading to a file will not retain the
metadata.
Copies spanning locations and/or storage classes cause data to be rewritten
in the cloud, which may take some time (but still will be faster than
downloading and re-uploading). Such operations can be resumed with the same
command if they are interrupted, so long as the command parameters are
identical.
Note that by default, the gsutil cp command does not copy the object
ACL to the new object, and instead will use the default bucket ACL (see
"gsutil help defacl"). You can override this behavior with the -p
option (see OPTIONS below).
One additional note about copying in the cloud: If the destination bucket has
versioning enabled, by default gsutil cp will copy only live versions of the
source object(s). For example:
gsutil cp gs://bucket1/obj gs://bucket2
will cause only the single live version of gs://bucket1/obj to be copied to
gs://bucket2, even if there are archived versions of gs://bucket1/obj. To also
copy archived versions, use the -A flag:
gsutil cp -A gs://bucket1/obj gs://bucket2
The gsutil -m flag is disallowed when using the cp -A flag, to ensure that
version ordering is preserved.
CHECKSUM VALIDATION
At the end of every upload or download the gsutil cp command validates that
the checksum it computes for the source file/object matches the checksum
the service computes. If the checksums do not match, gsutil will delete the
corrupted object and print a warning message. This very rarely happens, but
if it does, please contact gs-team@google.com.
If you know the MD5 of a file before uploading you can specify it in the
Content-MD5 header, which will cause the cloud storage service to reject the
upload if the MD5 doesn't match the value computed by the service. For
example:
% gsutil hash obj
Hashing obj:
Hashes [base64] for obj:
Hash (crc32c): lIMoIw==
Hash (md5): VgyllJgiiaRAbyUUIqDMmw==
% gsutil -h Content-MD5:VgyllJgiiaRAbyUUIqDMmw== cp obj gs://your-bucket/obj
Copying file://obj [Content-Type=text/plain]...
Uploading gs://your-bucket/obj: 182 b/182 B
If the checksum didn't match the service would instead reject the upload and
gsutil would print a message like:
BadRequestException: 400 Provided MD5 hash "VgyllJgiiaRAbyUUIqDMmw=="
doesn't match calculated MD5 hash "7gyllJgiiaRAbyUUIqDMmw==".
Even if you don't do this gsutil will delete the object if the computed
checksum mismatches, but specifying the Content-MD5 header has several
advantages:
1. It prevents the corrupted object from becoming visible at all, whereas
otherwise it would be visible for 1-3 seconds before gsutil deletes it.
2. If an object already exists with the given name, specifying the
Content-MD5 header will cause the existing object never to be replaced,
whereas otherwise it would be replaced by the corrupted object and then
deleted a few seconds later.
3. It will definitively prevent the corrupted object from being left in
the cloud, whereas the gsutil approach of deleting after the upload
completes could fail if (for example) the gsutil process gets ^C'd
between upload and deletion request.
4. It supports a customer-to-service integrity check handoff. For example,
if you have a content production pipeline that generates data to be
uploaded to the cloud along with checksums of that data, specifying the
MD5 computed by your content pipeline when you run gsutil cp will ensure
that the checksums match all the way through the process (e.g., detecting
if data gets corrupted on your local disk between the time it was written
by your content pipeline and the time it was uploaded to GCS).
Note: The Content-MD5 header is ignored for composite objects, because such
objects only have a CRC32C checksum.
RETRY HANDLING
The cp command will retry when failures occur, but if enough failures happen
during a particular copy or delete operation the cp command will skip that
object and move on. At the end of the copy run if any failures were not
successfully retried, the cp command will report the count of failures, and
exit with non-zero status.
Note that there are cases where retrying will never succeed, such as if you
don't have write permission to the destination bucket or if the destination
path for some objects is longer than the maximum allowed length.
For more details about gsutil's retry handling, please see
"gsutil help retries".
RESUMABLE TRANSFERS
gsutil automatically performs a resumable upload whenever you use the cp
command to upload an object that is larger than 8 MiB. You do not need to
specify any special command line options to make this happen. If your upload
is interrupted you can restart the upload by running the same cp command that
you ran to start the upload. Until the upload has completed successfully, it
will not be visible at the destination object and will not replace any
existing object the upload is intended to overwrite. However, see the section
on PARALLEL COMPOSITE UPLOADS, which may leave temporary component objects in
place during the upload process.
Similarly, gsutil automatically performs resumable downloads (using standard
HTTP Range GET operations) whenever you use the cp command, unless the
destination is a stream. In this case, a partially downloaded temporary file
will be visible in the destination directory. Upon completion, the original
file is deleted and overwritten with the downloaded contents.
Resumable uploads and downloads store state information in files under
~/.gsutil, named by the destination object or file. If you attempt to resume a
transfer from a machine with a different directory, the transfer will start
over from scratch.
See also "gsutil help prod" for details on using resumable transfers
in production.
STREAMING TRANSFERS
Use '-' in place of src_url or dst_url to perform a streaming
transfer. For example:
long_running_computation | gsutil cp - gs://my-bucket/obj
Streaming uploads using the JSON API (see "gsutil help apis") are buffered in
memory part-way back into the file and can thus retry in the event of network
or service problems.
Streaming transfers using the XML API do not support resumable
uploads/downloads. If you have a large amount of data to upload (say, more
than 100 MiB) it is recommended that you write the data to a local file and
then copy that file to the cloud rather than streaming it (and similarly for
large downloads).
WARNING: When performing streaming transfers gsutil does not compute a
checksum of the uploaded or downloaded data. Therefore, we recommend that
users either perform their own validation of the data or use non-streaming
transfers (which perform integrity checking automatically).
SLICED OBJECT DOWNLOADS
gsutil uses HTTP Range GET requests to perform "sliced" downloads in parallel
when downloading large objects from Google Cloud Storage. This means that disk
space for the temporary download destination file will be pre-allocated and
byte ranges (slices) within the file will be downloaded in parallel. Once all
slices have completed downloading, the temporary file will be renamed to the
destination file. No additional local disk space is required for this
operation.
This feature is only available for Google Cloud Storage objects because it
requires a fast composable checksum (CRC32C) that can be used to verify the
data integrity of the slices. And because it depends on CRC32C, using sliced
object downloads also requires a compiled crcmod (see "gsutil help crcmod") on
the machine performing the download. If compiled crcmod is not available,
a non-sliced object download will instead be performed.
Note: since sliced object downloads cause multiple writes to occur at various
locations on disk, this mechanism can degrade performance for disks with slow
seek times, especially for large numbers of slices. While the default number
of slices is set small to avoid this problem, you can disable sliced object
download if necessary by setting the "sliced_object_download_threshold"
variable in the .boto config file to 0.
PARALLEL COMPOSITE UPLOADS
gsutil can automatically use
`object composition <https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/composite-objects>`_
to perform uploads in parallel for large, local files being uploaded to Google
Cloud Storage. If enabled (see below), a large file will be split into
component pieces that are uploaded in parallel and then composed in the cloud
(and the temporary components finally deleted). A file can be broken into as
many as 32 component pieces; until this piece limit is reached, the maximum
size of each component piece is determined by the variable
"parallel_composite_upload_component_size," specified in the [GSUtil] section
of your .boto configuration file (for files that are otherwise too big,
components are as large as needed to fit into 32 pieces). No additional local
disk space is required for this operation.
Using parallel composite uploads presents a tradeoff between upload
performance and download configuration: If you enable parallel composite
uploads your uploads will run faster, but someone will need to install a
compiled crcmod (see "gsutil help crcmod") on every machine where objects are
downloaded by gsutil or other Python applications. Note that for such uploads,
crcmod is required for downloading regardless of whether the parallel
composite upload option is on or not. For some distributions this is easy
(e.g., it comes pre-installed on MacOS), but in other cases some users have
found it difficult. Because of this, at present parallel composite uploads are
disabled by default. Google is actively working with a number of the Linux
distributions to get crcmod included with the stock distribution. Once that is
done we will re-enable parallel composite uploads by default in gsutil.
Warning: Parallel composite uploads should not be used with NEARLINE or
COLDLINE storage class buckets, because doing so incurs an early deletion
charge for each component object.
To try parallel composite uploads you can run the command:
gsutil -o GSUtil:parallel_composite_upload_threshold=150M cp bigfile gs://your-bucket
where bigfile is larger than 150 MiB. When you do this notice that the upload
progress indicator continuously updates for several different uploads at once
(corresponding to each of the sections of the file being uploaded in
parallel), until the parallel upload completes. If after trying this you want
to enable parallel composite uploads for all of your future uploads
(notwithstanding the caveats mentioned earlier), you can uncomment and set the
"parallel_composite_upload_threshold" config value in your .boto configuration
file to this value.
Note that the crcmod problem only impacts downloads via Python applications
(such as gsutil). If all users who need to download the data using gsutil or
other Python applications can install crcmod, or if no Python users will
need to download your objects, it makes sense to enable parallel composite
uploads (see above). For example, if you use gsutil to upload video assets,
and those assets will only ever be served via a Java application, it would
make sense to enable parallel composite uploads on your machine (there are
efficient CRC32C implementations available in Java).
If a parallel composite upload fails prior to composition, re-running the
gsutil command will take advantage of resumable uploads for the components
that failed, and the component objects will be deleted after the first
successful attempt. Any temporary objects that were uploaded successfully
before gsutil failed will still exist until the upload is completed
successfully. The temporary objects will be named in the following fashion:
<random ID>/gsutil/tmp/parallel_composite_uploads/for_details_see/gsutil_help_cp/<hash>
where <random ID> is a numerical value, and <hash> is an MD5 hash (not related
to the hash of the contents of the file or object).
To avoid leaving temporary objects around, you should make sure to check the
exit status from the gsutil command. This can be done in a bash script, for
example, by doing:
if ! gsutil cp ./local-file gs://your-bucket/your-object; then
<< Code that handles failures >>
fi
Or, for copying a directory, use this instead:
if ! gsutil cp -c -L cp.log -r ./dir gs://bucket; then
<< Code that handles failures >>
fi
One important caveat is that files uploaded using parallel composite uploads
are subject to a maximum number of components limit. For example, if you
upload a large file that gets split into 10 components, and try to compose it
with another object with 1015 components, the operation will fail because it
exceeds the 1024 component limit. If you wish to compose an object later and the
component limit is a concern, it is recommended that you disable parallel
composite uploads for that transfer.
Also note that an object uploaded using parallel composite uploads will have a
CRC32C hash, but it will not have an MD5 hash (and because of that, users who
download the object must have crcmod installed, as noted earlier). For details
see "gsutil help crc32c".
Parallel composite uploads can be disabled by setting the
"parallel_composite_upload_threshold" variable in the .boto config file to 0.
CHANGING TEMP DIRECTORIES
gsutil writes data to a temporary directory in several cases:
- when compressing data to be uploaded (see the -z and -Z options)
- when decompressing data being downloaded (when the data has
Content-Encoding:gzip, e.g., as happens when uploaded using gsutil cp -z
or gsutil cp -Z)
- when running integration tests (using the gsutil test command)
In these cases it's possible the temp file location on your system that
gsutil selects by default may not have enough space. If gsutil runs out of
space during one of these operations (e.g., raising
"CommandException: Inadequate temp space available to compress <your file>"
during a gsutil cp -z operation), you can change where it writes these
temp files by setting the TMPDIR environment variable. On Linux and MacOS
you can do this either by running gsutil this way:
TMPDIR=/some/directory gsutil cp ...
or by adding this line to your ~/.bashrc file and then restarting the shell
before running gsutil:
export TMPDIR=/some/directory
On Windows 7 you can change the TMPDIR environment variable from Start ->
Computer -> System -> Advanced System Settings -> Environment Variables.
You need to reboot after making this change for it to take effect. (Rebooting
is not necessary after running the export command on Linux and MacOS.)
COPYING SPECIAL FILES
gsutil cp does not support copying special file types such as sockets, device
files, named pipes, or any other non-standard files intended to represent an
operating system resource. You should not run gsutil cp with sources that
include such files (for example, recursively copying the root directory on
Linux that includes /dev ). If you do, gsutil cp may fail or hang.
OPTIONS
-a canned_acl Sets named canned_acl when uploaded objects created. See
"gsutil help acls" for further details.
-A Copy all source versions from a source buckets/folders.
If not set, only the live version of each source object is
copied. Note: this option is only useful when the destination
bucket has versioning enabled.
-c If an error occurs, continue to attempt to copy the remaining
files. If any copies were unsuccessful, gsutil's exit status
will be non-zero even if this flag is set. This option is
implicitly set when running "gsutil -m cp...". Note: -c only
applies to the actual copying operation. If an error occurs
while iterating over the files in the local directory (e.g.,
invalid Unicode file name) gsutil will print an error message
and abort.
-D Copy in "daisy chain" mode, i.e., copying between two buckets
by hooking a download to an upload, via the machine where
gsutil is run. This stands in contrast to the default, where
data are copied between two buckets "in the cloud", i.e.,
without needing to copy via the machine where gsutil runs.
By default, a "copy in the cloud" when the source is a
composite object will retain the composite nature of the
object. However, Daisy chain mode can be used to change a
composite object into a non-composite object. For example:
gsutil cp -D -p gs://bucket/obj gs://bucket/obj_tmp
gsutil mv -p gs://bucket/obj_tmp gs://bucket/obj
Note: Daisy chain mode is automatically used when copying
between providers (e.g., to copy data from Google Cloud Storage
to another provider).
-e Exclude symlinks. When specified, symbolic links will not be
copied.
-I Causes gsutil to read the list of files or objects to copy from
stdin. This allows you to run a program that generates the list
of files to upload/download.
-L <file> Outputs a manifest log file with detailed information about
each item that was copied. This manifest contains the following
information for each item:
- Source path.
- Destination path.
- Source size.
- Bytes transferred.
- MD5 hash.
- UTC date and time transfer was started in ISO 8601 format.
- UTC date and time transfer was completed in ISO 8601 format.
- Upload id, if a resumable upload was performed.
- Final result of the attempted transfer, success or failure.
- Failure details, if any.
If the log file already exists, gsutil will use the file as an
input to the copy process, and will also append log items to
the existing file. Files/objects that are marked in the
existing log file as having been successfully copied (or
skipped) will be ignored. Files/objects without entries will be
copied and ones previously marked as unsuccessful will be
retried. This can be used in conjunction with the -c option to
build a script that copies a large number of objects reliably,
using a bash script like the following:
until gsutil cp -c -L cp.log -r ./dir gs://bucket; do
sleep 1
done
The -c option will cause copying to continue after failures
occur, and the -L option will allow gsutil to pick up where it
left off without duplicating work. The loop will continue
running as long as gsutil exits with a non-zero status (such a
status indicates there was at least one failure during the
gsutil run).
Note: If you're trying to synchronize the contents of a
directory and a bucket (or two buckets), see
"gsutil help rsync".
-n No-clobber. When specified, existing files or objects at the
destination will not be overwritten. Any items that are skipped
by this option will be reported as being skipped. This option
will perform an additional GET request to check if an item
exists before attempting to upload the data. This will save
retransmitting data, but the additional HTTP requests may make
small object transfers slower and more expensive.
-p Causes ACLs to be preserved when copying in the cloud. Note
that this option has performance and cost implications when
using the XML API, as it requires separate HTTP calls for
interacting with ACLs. (There are no such performance or cost
implications when using the -p option with the JSON API.) The
performance issue can be mitigated to some degree by using
gsutil -m cp to cause parallel copying. Note that this option
only works if you have OWNER access to all of the objects that
are copied.
You can avoid the additional performance and cost of using
cp -p if you want all objects in the destination bucket to end
up with the same ACL by setting a default object ACL on that
bucket instead of using cp -p. See "gsutil help defacl".
Note that it's not valid to specify both the -a and -p options
together.
-P Causes POSIX attributes to be preserved when objects are
copied. With this feature enabled, gsutil cp will copy fields
provided by stat. These are the user ID of the owner, the group
ID of the owning group, the mode (permissions) of the file, and
the access/modification time of the file. For downloads, these
attributes will only be set if the source objects were uploaded
with this flag enabled.
On Windows, this flag will only set and restore access time and
modification time. This is because Windows doesn't have a
notion of POSIX uid/gid/mode.
-R, -r The -R and -r options are synonymous. Causes directories,
buckets, and bucket subdirectories to be copied recursively.
If you neglect to use this option for an upload, gsutil will
copy any files it finds and skip any directories. Similarly,
neglecting to specify this option for a download will cause
gsutil to copy any objects at the current bucket directory
level, and skip any subdirectories.
-s <class> The storage class of the destination object(s). If not
specified, the default storage class of the destination bucket
is used. Not valid for copying to non-cloud destinations.
-U Skip objects with unsupported object types instead of failing.
Unsupported object types are Amazon S3 Objects in the GLACIER
storage class.
-v Requests that the version-specific URL for each uploaded object
be printed. Given this URL you can make future upload requests
that are safe in the face of concurrent updates, because Google
Cloud Storage will refuse to perform the update if the current
object version doesn't match the version-specific URL. See
"gsutil help versions" for more details.
-z <ext,...> Applies gzip content-encoding to file uploads with the given
extensions. This is useful when uploading files with
compressible content (such as .js, .css, or .html files)
because it saves network bandwidth and space in Google Cloud
Storage, which in turn reduces storage costs.
When you specify the -z option, the data from your files is
compressed before it is uploaded, but your actual files are
left uncompressed on the local disk. The uploaded objects
retain the Content-Type and name of the original files but are
given a Content-Encoding header with the value "gzip" to
indicate that the object data stored are compressed on the
Google Cloud Storage servers.
For example, the following command:
gsutil cp -z html -a public-read cattypes.html gs://mycats
will do all of the following:
- Upload as the object gs://mycats/cattypes.html (cp command)
- Set the Content-Type to text/html (based on file extension)
- Compress the data in the file cattypes.html (-z option)
- Set the Content-Encoding to gzip (-z option)
- Set the ACL to public-read (-a option)
- If a user tries to view cattypes.html in a browser, the
browser will know to uncompress the data based on the
Content-Encoding header, and to render it as HTML based on
the Content-Type header.
Note that if you download an object with Content-Encoding:gzip
gsutil will decompress the content before writing the local
file.
-Z Applies gzip content-encoding to file uploads. This option
works like the -z option described above, but it applies to
all uploaded files, regardless of extension.
Warning: If you use this option and some of the source files
don't compress well (e.g., that's often true of binary data),
this option may result in files taking up more space in the
cloud than they would if left uncompressed.
In [41]:
#let's copy Formentera.JPG there
!gsutil cp "Formentera.JPG" gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/
Copying file://Formentera.JPG [Content-Type=image/jpeg]...
| [1 files][ 2.2 MiB/ 2.2 MiB]
Operation completed over 1 objects/2.2 MiB.
In [42]:
#checking the result
!gsutil ls gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/
gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG
In [44]:
#the file is there let's have a look
!gsutil ls -l gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG
2275011 2017-06-30T20:48:39Z gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG
TOTAL: 1 objects, 2275011 bytes (2.17 MiB)
In [ ]:
#with more details
!gsutil ls -L gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG
In [45]:
#let's make it public!
!gsutil acl ch -u AllUsers:R gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG
Updated ACL on gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG
In [46]:
#let's move it
!gsutil mv gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/formentera.jpeg
Copying gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG [Content-Type=image/jpeg]...
Removing gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/Formentera.JPG...
Operation completed over 1 objects/2.2 MiB.
In [47]:
#check the result
!gsutil ls gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto
gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/formentera.jpeg
In [49]:
#delete the file
!gsutil rm gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/formentera.jpeg
Removing gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/formentera.jpeg...
/ [1 objects]
Operation completed over 1 objects.
In [51]:
#deleting the bucket
!gsutil rm -r gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto
Removing gs://a-brand-new-bucket-toto/...
In [52]:
#check the result
!gsutil ls
gs://billing-future-sonar-168815/
In [ ]:
Content source: daverick/alella
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