In [4]:
import pandas as pd

# merging two df by key/keys. (may be used in database)
# simple example
left = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K4'],
                                  'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
                                  'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
right = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'],
                                    'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
                                    'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
print(left)
print(right)


    A   B key
0  A0  B0  K0
1  A1  B1  K1
2  A2  B2  K2
3  A3  B3  K4
    C   D key
0  C0  D0  K0
1  C1  D1  K1
2  C2  D2  K2
3  C3  D3  K3

In [6]:
res = pd.merge(left, right, on='key')
print(res)


    A   B key   C   D
0  A0  B0  K0  C0  D0
1  A1  B1  K1  C1  D1
2  A2  B2  K2  C2  D2

In [8]:
# consider two keys
left = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
                             'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1'],
                             'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
                             'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
right = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K1', 'K1', 'K2'],
                              'key2': ['K0', 'K0', 'K0', 'K0'],
                              'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
                              'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
print(left)
print(right)
res = pd.merge(left, right, on=['key1', 'key2'], how='inner')  # default for how='inner'
# how = ['left', 'right', 'outer', 'inner']
res = pd.merge(left, right, on=['key1', 'key2'], how='left')
print(res)


    A   B key1 key2
0  A0  B0   K0   K0
1  A1  B1   K0   K1
2  A2  B2   K1   K0
3  A3  B3   K2   K1
    C   D key1 key2
0  C0  D0   K0   K0
1  C1  D1   K1   K0
2  C2  D2   K1   K0
3  C3  D3   K2   K0
    A   B key1 key2    C    D
0  A0  B0   K0   K0   C0   D0
1  A1  B1   K0   K1  NaN  NaN
2  A2  B2   K1   K0   C1   D1
3  A2  B2   K1   K0   C2   D2
4  A3  B3   K2   K1  NaN  NaN

In [12]:
# indicator
df1 = pd.DataFrame({'col1':[0,1], 'col_left':['a','b']})
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'col1':[1,2,2],'col_right':[2,2,2]})
print(df1)
print(df2)
res = pd.merge(df1, df2, on='col1', how='outer', indicator=True)
# give the indicator a custom name
res = pd.merge(df1, df2, on='col1', how='outer', indicator='indicator_column')
print res


   col1 col_left
0     0        a
1     1        b
   col1  col_right
0     1          2
1     2          2
2     2          2
   col1 col_left  col_right indicator_column
0   0.0        a        NaN        left_only
1   1.0        b        2.0             both
2   2.0      NaN        2.0       right_only
3   2.0      NaN        2.0       right_only

In [14]:
# merged by index
left = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2'],
                                  'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2']},
                                  index=['K0', 'K1', 'K2'])
right = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C2', 'C3'],
                                     'D': ['D0', 'D2', 'D3']},
                                      index=['K0', 'K2', 'K3'])
print(left)
print(right)
# left_index and right_index
res = pd.merge(left, right, left_index=True, right_index=True, how='outer')
res = pd.merge(left, right, left_index=True, right_index=True, how='inner')
res


     A   B
K0  A0  B0
K1  A1  B1
K2  A2  B2
     C   D
K0  C0  D0
K2  C2  D2
K3  C3  D3
Out[14]:
A B C D
K0 A0 B0 C0 D0
K2 A2 B2 C2 D2

In [15]:
# handle overlapping
boys = pd.DataFrame({'k': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2'], 'age': [1, 2, 3]})
girls = pd.DataFrame({'k': ['K0', 'K0', 'K3'], 'age': [4, 5, 6]})
res = pd.merge(boys, girls, on='k', suffixes=['_boy', '_girl'], how='inner')
print(res)


   age_boy   k  age_girl
0        1  K0         4
1        1  K0         5