In [1]:

    

x =42


    

    
Out[1]:





42

In [2]:

    

typeof(x)


    

    
Out[2]:





Int64

In [3]:

    

typeof("a")


    

    
Out[3]:





ASCIIString

In [4]:

    

typeof('a')


    

    
Out[4]:





Char

In [5]:

    

100 + "100"


    

    




LoadError: MethodError: `+` has no method matching +(::Int64, ::ASCIIString)
Closest candidates are:
  +(::Any, ::Any, !Matched::Any, !Matched::Any...)
  +(::Int64, !Matched::Int64)
  +(::Integer, !Matched::Ptr{T})
  ...
while loading In[5], in expression starting on line 1

In [6]:

    

*("100",100)


    

    




LoadError: MethodError: `*` has no method matching *(::ASCIIString, ::Int64)
Closest candidates are:
  *(::Any, ::Any, !Matched::Any, !Matched::Any...)
  *{T<:Number}(!Matched::Bool, ::T<:Number)
  *(!Matched::Complex{Bool}, ::Real)
  ...
while loading In[6], in expression starting on line 1

In [7]:

    

*("foo","bar")


    

    
Out[7]:





"foobar"

In [8]:

    

+("foo","bar")


    

    




LoadError: MethodError: `+` has no method matching +(::ASCIIString, ::ASCIIString)
Closest candidates are:
  +(::Any, ::Any, !Matched::Any, !Matched::Any...)
while loading In[8], in expression starting on line 1

In [9]:

    

@which *(100, 100)


    

    
Out[9]:




*(x::Int64, y::Int64) at int.jl:19

In [10]:

    

@which *("foo", "bar")


    

    
Out[10]:




*(s1::AbstractString, ss::AbstractString...) at strings/basic.jl:50

In [11]:

    

string("foo","bar")


    

    
Out[11]:





"foobar"

In [12]:

    

isfinite(1.0) #有限なら真


    

    
Out[12]:





true

In [13]:

    

isfinite(Inf)


    

    
Out[13]:





false

In [14]:

    

methods(isfinite)


    

    
Out[14]:




11 methods for generic function isfinite:
 isfinite(x::Float16) at float16.jl:119
 isfinite(x::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:790
 isfinite(x::AbstractFloat) at float.jl:326
 isfinite(x::Integer) at float.jl:328
 isfinite(::Irrational{sym}) at irrationals.jl:66
 isfinite(x::Real) at float.jl:327
 isfinite(z::Complex{T<:Real}) at complex.jl:44
 isfinite{T<:Number}(::AbstractArray{T<:Number,1}) at operators.jl:380
 isfinite{T<:Number}(::AbstractArray{T<:Number,2}) at operators.jl:381
 isfinite{T<:Number}(::AbstractArray{T<:Number,N}) at operators.jl:383
 isfinite{T<:Base.Dates.TimeType}(::Union{T<:Base.Dates.TimeType,Type{T<:Base.Dates.TimeType}}) at dates/types.jl:138

In [15]:

    

Float64 <: Real #部分集合かどうか


    

    
Out[15]:





true

In [16]:

    

Complex64 <: Real


    

    
Out[16]:





false

In [17]:

    

Complex64 <: Number


    

    
Out[17]:





true

In [18]:

    

Number <: Any #Anyが一番上位のタイプ


    

    
Out[18]:





true

In [19]:

    

super(super(super( super(Float64))))


    

    
Out[19]:





Any

In [20]:

    

import Base.+
+(x::Integer, y::ASCIIString) = x + parse(Int, y) #parse()は第二引数を第一引数に変換


    

    
Out[20]:





+ (generic function with 172 methods)

In [21]:

    

100 + "20"


    

    
Out[21]:





120

In [22]:

    

function f(x)
    println("Generic function invoked")
end

function f(x::Number)
    println("Number method invoked")
end

function f(x::Integer)
    println("Integer method invoked")
end


    

    
Out[22]:





f (generic function with 3 methods)

In [23]:

    

f(3)


    

    




Integer method invoked

In [24]:

    

f(1.5)


    

    




Number method invoked

In [25]:

    

f("foo")


    

    




Generic function invoked

In [26]:

    

Int == Int64


    

    
Out[26]:





true

In [27]:

    

Int64 == Integer


    

    
Out[27]:





false

In [28]:

    

Int == Int32


    

    
Out[28]:





false

In [29]:

    

Int <: Integer


    

    
Out[29]:





true

In [30]:

    

type Foo end


    

In [31]:

    

foo = Foo()


    

    
Out[31]:





Foo()

In [32]:

    

typeof(foo)


    

    
Out[32]:





Foo

In [33]:

    

type Test1 end


    

In [34]:

    

t1 =Test1()
t2 = Test1()


    

    
Out[34]:





Test1()

In [35]:

    

t1+t2


    

    




LoadError: MethodError: `+` has no method matching +(::Test1, ::Test1)
Closest candidates are:
  +(::Any, ::Any, !Matched::Any, !Matched::Any...)
while loading In[35], in expression starting on line 1

In [36]:

    

+(x:: Test1,y::Test1)="Test1"


    

    
Out[36]:





+ (generic function with 173 methods)

In [37]:

    

t1+t2


    

    
Out[37]:





"Test1"

In [38]:

    

type Test2 end


    

In [39]:

    

s1 = Test2(2)
s2 = Test2(3)


    

    




LoadError: MethodError: `convert` has no method matching convert(::Type{Test2}, ::Int64)
This may have arisen from a call to the constructor Test2(...),
since type constructors fall back to convert methods.
Closest candidates are:
  call{T}(::Type{T}, ::Any)
  convert{T}(::Type{T}, !Matched::T)
  Test2()
while loading In[39], in expression starting on line 1

 in call at essentials.jl:56

In [40]:

    

s1+s2


    

    




LoadError: UndefVarError: s1 not defined
while loading In[40], in expression starting on line 1

In [41]:

    

type AR1
    a
    b
    sigma
    phi
end


    

In [42]:

    

using Distributions


    

In [43]:

    

m = AR1(0.9, 1, 1, Beta(5, 5))


    

    
Out[43]:





AR1(0.9,1,1,Distributions.Beta(α=5.0, β=5.0))

In [44]:

    

m.a


    

    
Out[44]:





0.9

In [45]:

    

m.phi


    

    
Out[45]:





Distributions.Beta(α=5.0, β=5.0)

In [46]:

    

typeof(m.phi)


    

    
Out[46]:





Distributions.Beta

In [47]:

    

immutable AR2
    a
    b
    sigma
    phi
end


    

In [48]:

    

n = AR2(0.9, 1, 1, Beta(5, 5))


    

    
Out[48]:





AR2(0.9,1,1,Distributions.Beta(α=5.0, β=5.0))

In [49]:

    

n.phi=Exponential(0.5)


    

    




LoadError: type AR2 is immutable
while loading In[49], in expression starting on line 1

In [50]:

    

m.phi=Exponential(0.5)


    

    
Out[50]:





Distributions.Exponential(θ=0.5)

In [51]:

    

type AR3
    a::Real
    b::Real
    sigma::Real
    phi::Distribution
end


    

In [52]:

    

l = AR3(0.9, 1, "foo", Beta(5, 5))


    

    




LoadError: MethodError: `convert` has no method matching convert(::Type{Real}, ::ASCIIString)
This may have arisen from a call to the constructor Real(...),
since type constructors fall back to convert methods.
Closest candidates are:
  call{T}(::Type{T}, ::Any)
  convert{T<:Real}(::Type{T<:Real}, !Matched::Complex{T<:Real})
  convert{T<:Number}(::Type{T<:Number}, !Matched::Char)
  ...
while loading In[52], in expression starting on line 1

 in call at In[51]:2

In [53]:

    

typeof([10, 20, 30])


    

    
Out[53]:





Array{Int64,1}

In [54]:

    

type FooBar{T} 　#中身のタイプがどっちも同じでなければならない
    foo::T
    bar::T
end


    

In [55]:

    

fb = FooBar(1, 2)


    

    
Out[55]:





FooBar{Int64}(1,2)

In [56]:

    

fb = FooBar(1, 2.0)


    

    




LoadError: MethodError: `convert` has no method matching convert(::Type{FooBar{T}}, ::Int64, ::Float64)
This may have arisen from a call to the constructor FooBar{T}(...),
since type constructors fall back to convert methods.
Closest candidates are:
  FooBar{T}(::T, !Matched::T)
  call{T}(::Type{T}, ::Any)
  convert{T}(::Type{T}, !Matched::T)
while loading In[56], in expression starting on line 1

In [1]:

    

function sum_float_array(x::Array{Float64, 1})
    sum = 0.0
    for i in 1:length(x)
        sum += x[i]
    end
    return sum
end


    

    
Out[1]:





sum_float_array (generic function with 1 method)

In [2]:

    

x = linspace(0,1,1e6)


    

    
Out[2]:





linspace(0.0,1.0,1000000)

In [3]:

    

x = collect(x)


    

    
Out[3]:





1000000-element Array{Float64,1}:
 0.0       
 1.0e-6    
 2.0e-6    
 3.0e-6    
 4.0e-6    
 5.00001e-6
 6.00001e-6
 7.00001e-6
 8.00001e-6
 9.00001e-6
 1.0e-5    
 1.1e-5    
 1.2e-5    
 ⋮         
 0.999989  
 0.99999   
 0.999991  
 0.999992  
 0.999993  
 0.999994  
 0.999995  
 0.999996  
 0.999997  
 0.999998  
 0.999999  
 1.0       

In [4]:

    

@time sum_float_array(x)


    

    




  0.005592 seconds (2.04 k allocations: 106.380 KB)






    
Out[4]:





499999.9999999796

In [8]:

    

pi


    

    
Out[8]:





π = 3.1415926535897...

In [9]:

    

sin(pi)


    

    
Out[9]:





1.2246467991473532e-16

In [13]:

    

using Distributions


    

In [14]:

    

type AR1
    a::Real
    b::Real
    sigma::Real
    phi::Distribution
end


    

In [16]:

    

sin(pi/2)


    

    
Out[16]:





1.0

In [17]:

    

function simulate(m::AR1, n::Integer, x0::Real)
    X = Array(Float64, n)
    X[1] = x0
    for t in 1:(n-1)
        X[t+1] = m.a * X[t] + m.b + rand(m.phi)
    end
    return X
end


    

    
Out[17]:





simulate (generic function with 1 method)

In [18]:

    

z=[1,2,3]


    

    
Out[18]:





3-element Array{Int64,1}:
 1
 2
 3

In [19]:

    

sum(z.^2)


    

    
Out[19]:





14

In [20]:

    

using PyPlot


    

In [21]:

    

plot(X)


    

    




LoadError: UndefVarError: X not defined
while loading In[21], in expression starting on line 1

In [12]:

    

function f(k::Int64)
    r = randn(k)
    return sum(r.^2)
end

function f(k_vec::Array)
    m = size(k_vec,1)
    a = Array(Float64,m)
    for i in 1:m
        r = randn(k_vec[i])
        a[i] = sum(r.^2)
    end
    return a
end


    

    
Out[12]:





f (generic function with 3 methods)

In [13]:

    

f(3)


    

    
Out[13]:





1.4097214699880847

In [14]:

    

f([2, 4, 6])


    

    
Out[14]:





3-element Array{Float64,1}:
 2.27939
 2.87376
 2.74942

In [ ]: